IS0242-6498 LAFrench JCAAZ SBM UI86000001 TI[Renal puncture biopsy in the aged subject: apropos of 119 cases] ABWe reviewed 119 renal biopsies performed between 1964 and 1982 on adults aged 60 or more. The two main indications wer: renal failure (35/119) and nephrotic syndrome (35/119). Histology showed: primary glomerular diseases (76/119), systemic diseases with renal involvement (31/119), arteriosclerosis only (5/19), tubulo-interstitial nephritis only (5/119). No obvious lesion was seen in 2 cases. Additional arteriosclerosis was observed in 21 cases and additional tubulo-interstitial nephritis in 6 cases. Primary glomerular diseases consisted mainly in diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis (18/76). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (7/31) and amyloidosis (6/31) represented most of the systemic diseases with renal involvement. The usefulness of renal biopsy in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of a wide variety of renal diseases in elderly adults is demonstrated. AUMbakop A; Chatelanat F TT[Ponctions-biopsies renales chez le sujet age:a propos de 119 cas.] EM8601 SOAnn Pathol (France), 1985, 5(2) p101-5 MJAging; Kidney Diseases MNAged; Amyloidosis /PA; Arteriosclerosis /PA; Biopsy, Needle; Glomerulonephritis /PA; Kidney /PA; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic /PA; Middle Age; Nephritis, Interstitial /PA; Nephrotic Syndrome /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN0 (factor VIII related antigen) IS0242-6498 LAFrench JCAAZ SBM UI86000002 TI[Intravascular bronchiolo-alveolar tumor. Study of a form with angiosarcomatous tendency] ABIntravascular bronchiolo-alveolar tumor (IVBAT) is a rare pulmonary neoplasm of assumed endothelial nature. We report a new case of peculiar interest because of the association of a diffuse pulmonary involvement with multiple visceral localisations, which has scarcely been proved during life. We found out a striking endothelial differentiation on microscopic examination. The presence of F VIII RAg in many tumor cells as well as the ultramicroscopic findings support the endothelial differentiation. Thus, we regard our case of IVBAT as an aggressive form of the disease behaving as a real angiosarcoma. AUClary C; Jacob C; Blaive B; Kermarec J TT[Tumeur bronchiolo-alveolaire intra-vasculaire I.V.B.A.T. Etude d'une forme a tendance angiosarcomateuse.] EM8601 SOAnn Pathol (France), 1985, 5(2) p107-14 MJHemangiosarcoma; Lung Neoplasms MNAdult; Antigens /AN; Bronchi /BS /PA; Endothelium /PA; Factor VIII /AN /IM; Histocytochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Pulmonary Alveoli /BS /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0242-6498 LAEnglish JCAAZ SBM UI86000003 TIPulmonary carcinosarcoma and carcinoma: report of a case studied by electron microscopy, with critical review of the literature. ABAbout 50 cases of pulmonary carcinosarcoma have been reported in the French and English literature. They have rarely coexisted with non-pulmonary neoplasms, never with other primary lung tumors. This report describes a 68 year old male smoker with a carcinosarcoma developing in the right upper lobe, one and a half years after a left upper lobectomy for a scar adenocarcinoma. By light microscopy, there was an admixture of adenocarcinomatous, chondrosarcomatous, and malignant spindle cell and giant cell areas. Electron microscopy showed well and poorly differentiated epithelial, smooth muscle and cartilaginous elements. This case is of interest because of its occurrence with another lung primary tumor; the specific diagnosis was made by transthoracic needle aspiration; and of the ultrastructural features. In the literature, carcinosarcomas have been divided into an endobronchial type, in which the carcinomatous component is squamous in 91% of cases, and a peripheral type, in which it is glandular in 50% of cases; the sarcomatous component shows no such correlation with type. The theories for the histogenesis of these tumors revolve around the concept that the carcinoma is the principal element, and the sarcomatous or stromal change secondary. Therefore, on the basis of this case, and of our literature review dealing with the pathology, clinical features and histogenesis of these tumors, we suggest that carcinosarcomas share important features with lung carcinomas. AUCohen-Salmon D; Michel RP; Wang NS; Eddy D; Hanson R EM8601 SOAnn Pathol (France), 1985, 5(2) p115-24 MJAdenocarcinoma; Carcinosarcoma /PA; Lung Neoplasms /PA; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary MNAged; Biopsy, Needle; Carcinosarcoma /DI /RA /TH; Cartilage /PA; Lung Neoplasms /DI /RA /TH; Lung /PA; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Age; Muscle, Smooth /PA; Prognosis MCReview MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RNEC 3.1.3.2 (Acid Phosphatase) IS0242-6498 LAFrench JCAAZ SBM UI86000004 TI[Papillary ╥endometrial╙ adenocarcinoma of the bladder neck. Light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry] ABA case of papillary adenocarcinoma, developed on the urinary bladder neck is reported. This tumor is histologically identical to so called endometrial carcinoma of the prostate. Immunohistochemistry showed acid phosphatases and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) positive cells. Electron microscopy disclosed secretory vacuoles consistent with a prostatic origin. The histogenesis of endometrial carcinoma is briefly discussed likewise the precise site of origin of the reported case. AUHoang C; Wassef M; Cortesse A; D'Agay MF; Le Duc A TT[Adenocarcinome papillaire ╥endometrioide╙ du col vesical. Microscopie optique et electronique et immunohistochimie.] EM8601 SOAnn Pathol (France), 1985, 5(2) p125-9 MJAdenocarcinoma, Papillary /PA; Bladder Neoplasms /PA MNAcid Phosphatase /AN; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary /AN; Aged; Antigens, Neoplasm /AN; Bladder Neoplasms /AN; Cytoplasm /PA; Histocytochemistry; Immunologic Technics; Microscopy, Electron; Prostate /IM; Prostatic Neoplasms /PA; Vacuoles /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Comparative Study; Human; Male IS0242-6498 LAFrench JCAAZ SBM UI86000005 TI[Benign sub-periosteal osteoblastoma of the nasal cavity. histological and ultrastructural study of a case] ABA case of periosteal benign osteoblastoma arising in the left nasal cavity is presented. The tumor develops on the surface of the middle turbinate without evidence of bone destruction. It has been locally excised and has not recurred in 3 1/2 years. The histological aspect is identical to that of the other cases of genuine osteoblastoma. The ultrastructure (the first of a periosteal osteoblastoma) is described. The osteoblasts resemble normal osteoblasts with a few exceptions: irregular nuclei, abundance of well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and numerous fine filaments. The osteocytes and osteoclasts basically resemble their normal counterparts. The final diagnosis of benign osteoblastoma rests at the light microscopy level. The differential diagnosis are reviewed. Distinguishing histologic and ultrastructural characteristics between this tumor and other benign osteoblastic tumors are discussed. AUDucastelle T; Dehesdin D; Hemet J; Andrieu-Guitrancourt J TT[Osteoblastome benin sous-perioste de la cavite nasale. Etude histologique et ultrastructurale d'une observation.] EM8601 SOAnn Pathol (France), 1985, 5(2) p131-6 MJNose Neoplasms; Osteoma, Osteoid MNCell Nucleus /PA; Child; Cytoskeleton /PA; Endoplasmic Reticulum /PA; Microscopy, Electron; Nasal Cavity; Osteoclasts /PA; Osteocytes /PA; Periosteum MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human RN0 (viral N protein) IS0242-6498 LAFrench JCAAZ SBM UI86000006 TI[Viral type particles in the germinal centers during a lymphadenopathic syndrome related to AIDS] ABThe identification of virus-like particles in the germinal centers of an AIDS-related lymph node with histological findings of group IA is reported. A 23 year-old man, intravenous drug user, presents an inversion of T helper/T suppressor cell ratio and a peripheral generalized lymphadenopathy, suggesting a diagnosis of ARC. Lymph node biopsy shows follicular hyperplasia and features consistent with group IA of AIDS-related lymphadenopathy. Immunohistochemical study reveals an increase of intrafollicular T8+ lymphocytes. Electronmicroscopic examination of follicles demonstrates the presence of particles showing features of viral nucleocapsids; these particles are seen between the cytoplasmic processes of follicular dendritic cells. Pathologic findings associated with lymphoid follicular hyperplasia in AIDS prodromal period are examined. The importance of lymph node biopsy with histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies, in patients at high risk for AIDS, is demonstrated. The detection of type D viral particles suggestive of retrovirus is in accordance with results of virologic studies which indicate the involvement of a retrovirus (called LAV or HTLV III) in the etiology of the disease. AULe Tourneau A; Audouin J; Aubert JP; Denis J; Baufine-Ducrocq H; Duterque M; Diebold J TT[Mise en evidence de particules de type viral dans les centres germinatifs au cours d'une syndrome lymphadenopathique relie au SIDA.] EM8601 SOAnn Pathol (France), 1985, 5(2) p137-42 MJAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Capsid; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Diseases /MI; Viral Core Proteins MNAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome /ET /IM; Adult; Helper Cells /PA; Histocytochemistry; Hyperplasia; Lymph Nodes /PA; Lymphatic Diseases /ET /PA; Microscopy, Electron; Substance Abuse /CO; Suppressor Cells /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male RN9007-34-5 (Collagen); 9007-58-3 (Elastin) IS0242-6498 LAFrench JCAAZ SBM UI86000007 TI[The fibroblast] ABThe fibroblast, major cell of connective tissue, secretes the various elements of interstitium: collagens, proelastin, glycoproteins and proteoglycans. It maintains the turnover of these structures and intervenes, also, in the cholesterol LDL metabolism. These various properties explains its different morphological aspects. In young patients, it is an active secretory cell. Its voluminous cytoplasm contains a well developed endoplasmic reticulum and others organelles. It is always in close connection with collagen fibers. The cytoskeleton consists of a fine network visible throughout the cytoplasm and near of secretory areas. In adult patients, the fibroblast keeps the same characteristics, but the endoplasmic reticulum is poorer than in young subjects. In old patients (physiologic or pathologic ageing) it becomes a quiescent cell. It is a flattened cell; its cytoplasm contains a poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum and numerous dense bodies. Its cytoskeleton is characterized by voluminous fascicles or bundles of microfilaments into large cytoplasmic areas. This modified fibroblast has not direct contact with collagen. In all cases, various stimuli can: activate the fibroblast. Then this cell becomes a large cell with very abundant reticulum endoplasmic, ribosomes, polysomes, and numerous secretory vesicles. It is an active secreting cell; becomes fibroblast and; change into myofibroblast by presence of myofilaments in its cytoplasm. AUPieraggi MT; Bouissou H; Angelier C; Uhart D; Magnol JP; Kokolo J TT[Le fibroblaste.] EM8601 SOAnn Pathol (France), 1985, 5(2) p65-76 MJFibroblasts MNAging; Capillaries /CY; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Collagen /ME; Cytoplasmic Granules /UL; Cytoplasm /UL; Cytoskeleton /UL; Elastin /ME; Endoplasmic Reticulum /UL; Fibroblasts /UL; Fibronectins /PH; Glycoproteins /ME; Hematopoietic Stem Cells /CY; Laminin /PH; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol /ME; Lysosomes /EN; Mesoderm /CY; Microfilaments /UL; Microscopy, Electron; Proteoglycans /ME; Skin /CY MCEnglish Abstract; Review MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human RN7440-57-5 (Gold) IS0242-6498 LAFrench JCAAZ SBM UI86000009 TI[Immunodetection of gastrin-like peptides in routine electron microscopy by the ╥immunogold╙ method] ABThe present immunoelectron microscopic study was carried out in order to evaluate the influence of several technical parameters of the immunogold staining procedure on the labelling intensity of gastrin-storing cells in normal and pathological states. Ultra-thin sections of double-fixed Epon embedded human pyloric mucosa were immunolabelled using a C-terminal directed antigastrin serum, followed by colloidal gold linked immunoglobulins. When the labelling density occurring over the endocrine secretory granules was quantitatively evaluated, the following conclusions could be drawn: the density increased dramatically when particles of decreasing diameter (40 nm, 20 nm, 10 nm) were comparatively used, the dilution of the primary antiserum had to be adjusted in order to obtain an intense specific labelling together with a negligible background (non specific) labelling. However, a long incubation time of the primary antiserum, as well as the use of etching procedures, resulted in an increase of the labelling density when a highly diluted antiserum was applied. Subsequent attempts to immunolabel ultrathin sections of gastrin-secreting malignant tumours showed that the goal could be achieved on tissues routinely processed for electron microscopy, provide the previous parameters were carefully selected according to the control G cell model. AUBerger G; Berger F; Chayvialle JA; Feroldi J TT[Immunodetection des peptides de type gastrine en microscopie electronique de routine par la methode ╥immunogold╙.] EM8601 SOAnn Pathol (France), 1985, 5(2) p85-93 MJGastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Gold MNCytoplasmic Granules /AN /UL; Gastric Mucosa /UL; Histocytochemistry; Immunologic Technics; Pyloric Antrum /AN /UL; Stomach Neoplasms /AN /UL MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000011 TIPre-hospital tracheal intubation versus esophageal gastric tube airway use: a prospective study. ABA prospective study compared the respiratory effectiveness of the endotracheal tube (ET) with that of the esophageal gastric tube airway (EGTA) for victims of nontraumatic cardiac arrest in the pre-hospital setting. Arterial blood gases were obtained within 3 minutes of hospital arrival, and survival (defined as discharge from the hospital) was determined. During EGTA ventilation, mean pH was 7.12 +/- 0.2, mean P02 was 77 +/- 92 mm Hg, and mean PC02 was 78.2 +/- 42.9 mm Hg; the survival rate was 4.5%. During ET ventilation, mean pH was 7.34 +/- 0.2, mean P02 was 265 +/- 151 mm Hg, mean PC02 was 35 +/- 20.5 mm Hg; the survival rate was 7%. The authors conclude that endotracheal intubation remains the procedure of choice for airway management in the victim of cardiopulmonary arrest. AUGeehr EC; Bogetz MS; Auerbach PS EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p381-5 MJEsophagus; Heart Arrest /TH; Intubation, Intratracheal; Intubation; Resuscitation MNAdult; Aged; Allied Health Personnel; Blood; California; Carbon Dioxide /BL; Emergency Medical Services; Heart Arrest /MO; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Middle Age; Oxygen /BL; Prospective Studies; Respiration, Artificial /MT MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN58-55-9 (Theophylline) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000012 TITheophylline overdose: acute single ingestion versus chronic repeated overmedication. ABCurrently available guidelines for managing theophylline intoxication do not distinguish between acute single ingestion and chronic repeated overmedication and do not reliably predict which patients should undergo hemoperfusion. Although hemoperfusion is widely recommended when serum concentrations exceed 40-60 mg/l, many patients with acute overdose tolerate much higher levels without serious toxicity. Because manifestations of toxicity might be dependent on the chronicity of the overdose, the authors retrospectively compared the clinical features of 15 patients with chronic repeated overmedication with those of 27 patients suffering acute single overdose. Patients suffering chronic repeated overmedication developed seizures (7/15) and serious arrhythmias (4/15) with serum levels of 28-70 mg/l. By contrast, only one of 19 patients suffering acute single overdose with peak levels less than 100 mg/l had seizures, and only two of 19 with levels less than 100 mg/l had serious arrhythmias. However, of the eight single-overdose patients with levels over 100 mg/l, seven had seizures and three had serious arrhythmias. Single-overdose patients were easily recognized by the presence of hypotension, hypokalemia, and low serum bicarbonate, features not present in chronic-type patients. Thus, while patients with theophylline overdose caused by chronic repeated overmedication frequently develop seizures and arrhythmias with serum levels of 40-70 mg/l, those with acute single ingestion are highly unlikely to suffer serious complications unless serum levels exceed 100 mg/l. Management of the intoxication, especially selection of patients for hemoperfusion, should be based on whether the overdose is caused by an acute single ingestion or chronic repeated overmedication. AUOlson KR; Benowitz NL; Woo OF; Pond SM EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p386-94 MJTheophylline /PO MNAcute Disease; Adolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Chronic Disease; Delayed-Action Preparations; Hemoperfusion; Hypokalemia /CI; Hypotension /CI; Infant; Middle Age; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Seizures /CI; Tachycardia /CI; Theophylline /BL MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN10043-52-4 (Calcium Chloride); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 51-55-8 (Atropine) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000013 TITreatment of presumed asystole during pre-hospital cardiac arrest: superiority of electrical countershock. ABStandard drug therapy for asystole during cardiac arrest includes epinephrine, atropine, and calcium chloride (CaCl). Recent studies have shown that ventricular fibrillation (VF) can appear to be asystole when recorded from the chest surface. To determine the efficacy of these drugs and electrical countershock for asystole, a group of 83 adult nontraumatic cardiac arrest victims (55 men, 28 women, mean age of 64 +/- 14 years) were studied. Asystole appeared at some time during arrest in 44 patients (53%) and was the initial rhythm in 24 (29%). The rate of survival to hospital discharge was significantly higher in patients whose initial rhythm was VF (46%) than in patients whose initial rhythm was asystole (0%). Epinephrine, CaCl and atropine infrequently changed the rhythm from asystole. Electrical countershock infrequently altered the rhythm from asystole when it appeared as the initial rhythm. However, countershock was significantly more effective than epinephrine (P less than 0.003), atropine (P less than 0.04), or CaCl (P less than 0.03) in altering the rhythm from asystole, which appeared later in resuscitation. Ventricular fibrillation was the most common rhythm appearing after countershock for asystole. Countershock appears to be superior to epinephrine, CaCl, and atropine for treating asystole during the course of resuscitation, suggesting that the rhythm diagnosed as asystole may actually be VF in many cases. AUOrnato JP; Gonzales ER; Morkunas AR; Coyne MR; Beck CL EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p395-9 MJArrhythmia; Asystole /TH; Atropine /TU; Calcium Chloride /TU; Electric Countershock; Epinephrine /TU; Heart Arrest; Resuscitation MNAged; Asystole /DI; Atropine /PD; Calcium Chloride /PD; Diagnosis, Differential; Epinephrine /PD; Middle Age; Prospective Studies; Ventricular Fibrillation /DI /PP /TH MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000014 TIRecognition of psychological and cognitive impairments in the emergency department. ABNinety-six patients presenting to a university hospital emergency department were screened before triage for psychological symptoms or cognitive impairment using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Mini-Mental State examination (MMS). Charts were reviewed for demographic information and emergency physicians' recognition of psychological symptoms or cognitive dysfunction. Of the patients studied, 38% had positive results on the GHQ, and 18% had positive results on the MMS. Psychological symptoms or cognitive impairments were recognized by the emergency physicians in only 8% of those with positive GHQ results and 6% of those with positive MMS results. The usefulness of screening measures for psychological symptoms and cognitive impairment of emergency department patients is discussed. AULitovitz GL; Hedberg M; Wise TN; White JD; Mann LS EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p400-2 MJCognition Disorders; Emergency Service, Hospital; Mental Disorders MNCognition Disorders /OC; District of Columbia; Hospitals, University; Hospitals, Urban; Mental Disorders /OC; Mental Status Schedule; Psychological Tests MTFemale; Human; Male RN7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000015 TIPediatric catheter flow rates. ABThe flow rates of the 18- to 24-gauge catheters most commonly used in pediatrics were studied to determine which catheters and infusion techniques allowed for rapid volume replacement in infants and children. As expected, short, large-diameter catheters were found to have a higher flow rate, and flows under pressure in the largest catheters tested were up to 17 times greater than in a longer, smaller diameter catheter. Catheters designed for peripheral venous insertion in children showed an 18 to 164% increase in flow rate when compared with the same gauge catheters designed for central venous use. Thus, intravenous access via a central vein does not guarantee more rapid fluid infusion unless the use of the central vein permits the insertion of a catheter larger in diameter than any that could be placed peripherally. Knowledge of the flow rates determined for the various catheters in this study will assist the physician in optimizing fluid resuscitation of the critically ill or injured child. AUHodge D 3d; Fleisher G EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p403-7 MJBlood Transfusion; Fluid Therapy; Pediatrics MNBlood Transfusion /MT; Catheterization /IS; Child, Preschool; Fluid Therapy /MT; Infant; Models, Theoretical; Physics; Rheology; Shock /TH; Sodium Chloride /AD; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Human RN58-55-9 (Theophylline); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000016 TIHypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and acidosis after intentional theophylline overdose. ABThree cases of intentional theophylline overdose in adult patients are described. Among these, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and acidosis were found, and markedly elevated initial serum theophylline concentrations (106, 76.2, and 41.4 micrograms/ml) were measured. All patients recovered completely with conservative management. The observed biochemical abnormalities rapidly resolved during maintenance fluid therapy and modest potassium supplementation. In addition, seizures, ventricular arrhythmias, and other serious toxic effects were notably absent. AUSawyer WT; Caravati EM; Ellison MJ; Krueger KA EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p408-11 MJAcidosis; Hyperglycemia; Hypokalemia; Suicide, Attempted; Theophylline /PO MNAcidosis /TH; Adult; Fluid Therapy; Hyperglycemia /TH; Hypokalemia /TH; Potassium Chloride /TU; Theophylline /BL MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN1310-73-2 (Sodium Hydroxide) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000017 TIOven-cleaner pads: new risk for corrosive injury. ABOver a six-month period, the New Jersey Poison Information System received 61 calls related to exposures to alkaline corrosives. Seven of these calls related to a new oven-cleaner product, oven-cleaner pads. These pads are sealed in a protective plastic wrap and contain lye in excess of 5%. Use of these products requires careful opening of the seal and caution in application. Five of the callers sustained injuries from their exposure, and three of these sustained burns, one in the oral cavity and one in the eye. None suffered permanent sequelae, but the potential for such is considerable. The method of application, concentration of base, and prolonged exposure to a widely covered area may make this product particularly hazardous. AUVilogi J; Whitehead B; Marcus SM EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p412-4 MJCaustics; Household Products; Lye; Sodium Hydroxide MNAdult; Burns, Chemical /ET /TH; Child, Preschool; Eye Injuries /CI /TH; Infant; Irrigation; Mouth /IN; New Jersey; Poison Control Centers; Skin /IN; Telephone MTFemale; Human; Male RN57-92-1 (Streptomycin) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000018 TITularemia: emergency department presentation of an infrequently recognized disease. ABTularemia is an uncommon, highly communicable disease occurring with seasonal regularity in endemic parts of the United States. The varied signs and symptoms may confound the unwary physician. Two cases are reported illustrating the ulceroglandular and ingestion forms of the disease. Septic (typhoidal), oculoglandular, pleuropulmonary, glandular, and oropharyngeal forms also are described. Knowledge of the epidemiology and a high index of suspicion should lead the examining physician to ask revealing questions. The diagnosis is presumed upon clinical grounds and confirmed by serological testing. According to published reports delayed diagnosis can result in an overall mortality rate of 7% of cases; however, early diagnosis will lead to uncomplicated recovery in most cases. AUHarrell RE Jr; Whitaker GR EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p415-8 MJEmergency Service, Hospital; Tularemia MNAdult; Arachnid Vectors; Bites and Stings /CO; Lymph Nodes /PA; Middle Age; Skin Ulcer /ET; Streptomycin /TU; Ticks; Tularemia /DI /DT /PA /TM; United States MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000019 TIPsychiatric screening in the emergency department: validation of the General Health Questionnaire. ABBoth a 28-item psychiatric scale, the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) were administered to 25 emergency department patients to determine the validity of the GHQ as a screening instrument for psychopathology in the emergency department setting. There was a significant association (P = 0.0343) between GHQ scores and DIS assessment. The sensitivity of the GHQ in this series was 55.6% and the specificity was 87.5% when compared with the DIS. This suggests that the GHQ may prove to be a valuable screening tool for patients with somatic complaints to detect unsuspected psychiatric illness in the emergency department. AUGold I; Haughey L; Baraff LJ EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p419-22 MJEmergency Service, Hospital; Mental Disorders; Psychological Tests MNAdult; Aged; False Positive Reactions; Interview, Psychological; Middle Age; Psychometrics MTFemale; Human; Male IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000020 TI1984 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. AULitovitz T; Veltri JC EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p423-50 MJData Collection; Poison Control Centers; Poisoning; Societies MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Analgesics /PO; Annual Reports; Antidepressive Agents /PO; Child, Preschool; Child; Hypnotics and Sedatives /PO; Infant; Mortality; Plant Poisoning /ET; Poisoning /ET /OC /TH; Telephone; Time Factors; United States MTFemale; Human; Male RN7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000021 TISeizures in psychiatric patients. AUShesser R; Smith M EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p451-5 MJPsychotic Disorders; Seizures; Water Intoxication MNAdult; Brain /PP; Hyponatremia /ET /PP /TH; Polyuria /ET; Saline Solution, Hypertonic /AD; Seizures /PX; Sodium Chloride /AD; Water Intoxication /PX; Water-Electrolyte Balance MTCase Report; Female; Human RN4205-90-7 (Clonidine); 76-99-3 (Methadone) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000022 TINarcotic withdrawal in the emergency department. ABPatients in narcotic withdrawal can be very disruptive in an emergency department. An understanding of the dynamics of narcotic addiction and withdrawal is useful for the emergency physician. Narcotics are used for the euphoria they provide; however, chronic use results in physiological and psychological changes. Research into the endorphin system has provided a model of narcotic addiction and withdrawal. Effective therapies now exist for use in the emergency department. AUFreitas PM EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p456-60 MJEmergency Service, Hospital; Narcotics; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome MNClonidine /AE /PD /TU; Endorphins /PH; Methadone /TU; Narcotic Dependence /PX; Nervous System Diseases /CI; Outpatients; Phenothiazines /AE /TU; Psychotropic Drugs /TU; Vomiting /CI /DT MCReview MTHuman IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000023 TIFallacious arguments against resuscitation research. AUBabbs CF EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p461-6 MJPhilosophy, Medical; Research; Resuscitation MNHeart Arrest /PC; Informed Consent; Quality of Life; Resuscitation /MT; Risk; Terminal Care MTHuman IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000024 TIMethods of randomization in controlled clinical trials. ABIn this second article of a series that explores design and analysis issues in controlled clinical trials in emergency medicine, we have discussed the case for randomization, reviewed the methods involved in simple randomization, highlighted some of the practical problems involved with randomization, and presented some modified randomization schemes intended to remedy these problems. AUMoeschberger ML; Williams JA; Brown CG EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p467-73 MJClinical Trials; Emergency Medicine; Random Allocation; Research Design MNEthics, Medical; Methods; Sampling Studies; Statistics MTHuman RN58-55-9 (Theophylline) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000025 TITheophylline poisoning [editorial] AUKlein-Schwartz W EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p475-6 MJTheophylline /PO MNAcute Disease; Chronic Disease; Hemoperfusion; Theophylline /BL MTHuman IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000026 TIUse of psychiatric screening instruments in the ED [editorial] AUPeterson LG; Cohen LM EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p476-8 MJEmergency Service, Hospital; Mental Disorders; Psychological Tests MTHuman IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000027 TIRetention of CPR skills [letter] AUKiskaddon RT; Sternbach GL EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p479 MJMedical Staff; Memory; Resuscitation; Retention (Psychology) MNResuscitation /ED MTHuman IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000028 TICalcium blockers in neurological recovery after cardiac arrest [letter] AUBaraff LJ EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p480-1 MJCalcium Channel Blockers; Cerebral Anoxia; Heart Arrest MNCerebral Anoxia /ET; Philosophy, Medical MTHuman IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000029 TISalicylate-induced pulmonary edema [letter] AUWald P; Wortzman D; Notterman D EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p481-2 MJPulmonary Edema; Salicylates MNChild; Fluid Therapy /AE; Pulmonary Edema /ET; Retrospective Studies MTHuman IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000030 TIAirway management in resuscitation [letter] AUBrown CG; Werman HA; Ashton J; Rund D EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p482-4 MJEsophagus; Intubation, Intratracheal; Intubation; Resuscitation /MT MNEmergency Medical Services; Intubation, Intratracheal /AE; Intubation /AE; Mortality; Nervous System Diseases /OC; Resuscitation /AE MTComparative Study; Human IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000031 TIHigh i.v. infusion flow rates [letter] AUFried SJ; Satiani B; Zeeb P EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p484 MJBlood Transfusion; Fluid Therapy MNHeat; Shock /TH MTHuman IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000032 TICardiopulmonary resuscitation and sudden cardiac death: an annotated bibliography of the 1984 literature. AUCummins RO EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p485-93 MJBibliography; Heart Arrest; Resuscitation MTHuman IS0730-7659 LAEnglish JCABD UI86000034 TIRecent trends in cesarean delivery rates in California. AUPetitti DB EM8601 SOBirth (United States), Spring 1985, 12(1) p25-8 MJCesarean Section; Delivery MNCalifornia; Infant; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0730-7659 LAEnglish JCABD UI86000035 TIImagery and symbolism in the birth practices of traditional cultures. AUBates B; Turner AN EM8601 SOBirth (United States), Spring 1985, 12(1) p29-35 MJCeremonial; Labor; Medicine, Traditional; Symbolism (Psychology) MNCross-Cultural Comparison; Delivery; Imagination; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Sex MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0730-7659 LAEnglish JCABD UI86000036 TIReconsidering the ╥market model╙ in obstetrics. Part II. AUSheps CG; Chez RA; McCord G; McKay S EM8601 SOBirth (United States), Spring 1985, 12(1) p37-41 MJMarketing of Health Services; Maternal Health Services; Obstetrics MNPregnancy; Private Practice /EC; United States MTFemale; Human IS0730-7659 LAEnglish JCABD UI86000037 TIAntenatal preparation and labor support in relation to birth outcomes. AUBennett A; Hewson D; Booker E; Holliday S EM8601 SOBirth (United States), Spring 1985, 12(1) p9-16 MJAttitude to Health; Delivery; Labor; Prenatal Care MNConsumer Satisfaction; Infant, Newborn; Interviews; Parents /ED; Pregnancy; Questionnaires MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000083 TI[Breast-feeding during the process of transculturation (editorial)] AUVega-Franco L TT[Alimentacion al seno en el proceso de transulturacion.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p407-8 MJBreast Feeding MNAdult; Cultural Evolution; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Mexico; Pregnancy; Urban Population MTFemale; Human IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000084 TI[Secondary sex characteristics among Mexican boys 9 to 16 years of age. Horizontal study] AUGuizar-Vazquez JJ ; Rosales-Lopez A ; Ortiz-Jalomo R; Nava-Delgado SE; Salamanca-Gomez F TT[Caracteres sexuales secundarios en ninos mexicanos de 9 a 16 anos. Estudio transversal.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p409-14 MJSex Characteristics MNAdolescence; Age Factors; Body Height; Child; Mexico; Reference Values; Sex Maturation MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman; Male RN138-81-8 (2,3-diphosphoglycerate); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000085 TI[Effect of blood transfusion on the values of erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and P50 in septic infants] AUVeliz-Pintos R ; Olvera-Hidalgo C; Garza-Ramirez H ; Ortiz VM; Gaxiola-Logan MA TT[Efecto de la transfusion sanguinea sobre los valores del 2,3-DPG del eritrocito y la P50 en lactantes septicos.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p415-23 MJBlood Transfusion; Diphosphoglyceric Acids; Erythrocytes; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal /TH; Septicemia /CO MNBlood Preservation; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal /BL /ET; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Lactates /BL; Oxygen /BL; Partial Pressure; Septicemia /BL MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 7732-18-5 (Water) IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000086 TI[Biological features of solutions available for oral hydration in Mexico] AUVelasquez-Jones L ; Llausas-Magana E ; Mota-Hernandez F ; Ruiz-Bedolla E TT[Caracteristicas bioquimicas de las soluciones disponibles para hidratacion oral en Mexico.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p424-9 MJDiarrhea; Fluid Therapy; Food, Formulated MNChild; Chlorides /AN; Food, Formulated /ST; Glucose /AN; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestinal Absorption; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium /AN; Sodium /AN; Water /AN MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human RN1397-89-3 (Amphotericin B); 65277-42-1 (Ketoconazole) IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000087 TI[Systemic candidiasis] AUVargas-Origel A; Rodriguez-Camara A ; Aldana-Valenzuela C; Manjarrez-Gutierrez G ; Abdo-Bassol F TT[Candidiasis sistemica.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p430-4 MJCandidiasis /TH MNAmphotericin B /TU; Candidiasis /DI; Combined Modality Therapy; Gestational Age; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases /DI /TH; Infant; Ketoconazole /TU; Parenteral Feeding; Respiration, Artificial MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN434-07-1 (Oxymetholone) IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000088 TI[Fanconi's anemia] AUBernaldez-Rios R ; Benitez-Aranda H ; Castaneda-Tobin E ; Esparza-Flores MA; Alvarez-Amaya C; Farfan-Canto JM TT[Anemia de Fanconi.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p435-9 MJAnemia, Aplastic; Fanconi's Anemia /DT MNAbnormalities, Multiple; Bone Marrow /PA; Child; Fanconi's Anemia /BL /PA; Hemoglobins /AN; Hemorrhage /ET; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Leukocyte Count; Mental Retardation /ET; Oxymetholone /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN635-65-4 (Bilirubin) IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000089 TI[Familial hereditary spherocytosis in the pediatric patient] AUGuemez-Sandoval JC ; Sierra-Cedillo JC; de Leon-Medina NM ; Cardoza-Macias R ; Cardoza-Macias F TT[La esferocitosis familiar hereditaria en el paciente pediatrico.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p440-4 MJSpherocytosis, Hereditary /PA MNAdolescence; Bilirubin /BL; Child, Preschool; Child; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins /AN; Infant; Palliative Treatment; Reticulocytes; Socioeconomic Factors; Spherocytosis, Hereditary /BL /SU; Splenectomy MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN9007-36-7 (Complement) IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000090 TI[An urticaria, vasculitis and hypocomplementemia syndrome. Presentation of a case] AUOjeda-Duran SA ; Ramos-Contreras P; Lopez-Uriarte A ; Reynoso M; Morales M; Vargas-Rosendo R TT[Sindrome de urticaria, vasculitis e hipocomplementemia. Presentacion de un caso.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p445-9 MJComplement; Infection; Urticaria; Vasculitis MNChild, Preschool; Collagen Diseases /CL; Disease Susceptibility; Kidney Diseases /ET /PA; Skin /PA; Syndrome MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000091 TI[Congenital malaria] AUGamboa-Marrufo JD; Rivera-Hernandez F ; Campos-Margalli P; Bello-Gonzalez A TT[Paludismo congenito.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p450-3 MJMalaria MNAnemia /DI; Diagnosis, Differential; Infant; Jaundice, Neonatal /DI; Malaria /DI; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Plasmodium Vivax; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious /TM; Pregnancy MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000092 TI[Ultrasonic diagnosis of an intestinal polyp in a child] AULopez-Marure EN ; Ibanez C ; Guzman-Garcia R TT[Diagnostico por ultrasonido de polipo intestinal en el nino.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p454-6 MJIntestinal Polyps /DI; Rectal Neoplasms /DI; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNChild; Colonoscopy; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal /ET; Intestinal Polyps /CO; Rectal Neoplasms /CO MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000093 TI[Drowning in children] AURoa-Bernal JA TT[Inmersion en ninos.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p457-61 MJDrowning MNAccidents; Adolescence; Brain Diseases /ET; Child, Preschool; Child; Colombia; Dogs; Drowning /MO /PP /TH; First Aid; Heart Diseases /ET; Hemodynamics; Infant; Respiration Disorders /ET; Retrospective Studies; United States MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male RN4205-90-7 (Clonidine); 50-55-5 (Reserpine); 52-86-8 (Haloperidol); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 58-00-4 (Apomorphine); 658-48-0 (alpha-methyl-4-tyrosine) IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000094 TICatecholamine regulation of neocortical spindling in DBA/2 mice. ABThe waking EEG of DBA/2 mice is punctuated by conspicuous bursts of high-amplitude, 6-7-cps spindles. Catecholamine depletion by 2.0 mg/kg, i.p., reserpine or 120 mg/kg, i.p., alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine increased the occurrence and duration of these brief spindle episodes (BSEs). This effect may reflect noradrenergic depletion because the beta-noradrenergic antagonist propranolol (10 mg/kg, i.p.) powerfully promoted BSE occurrence and increased BSE duration in freely-moving and midpontine-transected mice, whereas the dopamine antagonist haloperidol (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) neither increased nor decreased BSE occurrence. The alpha-noradrenergic agonist clonidine (0.05 mg/kg, i.p.), which is known to inhibit noradrenergic neuronal firing as well as act at postsynaptic alpha receptors, also promoted BSE occurrence in transected mice. In addition, the dopamine agonist apomorphine (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) increased BSE occurrence in freely-moving mice once the behavioral activation it produced subsided. These effects were blocked by 2.0 mg/kg haloperidol, i.p. The convulsant drug pentylenetetrazol, which is known to promote BSE occurrence at subconvulsant doses in DBA/2 mice, may activate BSEs, in part, by activating dopamine neurons: 2.0 mg/kg haloperidol, i.p., partially blocked the facilitation of BSEs by 20 mg/kg pentylenetetrazol, i.p., in midpontine DBA/2 mice. Thus, noradrenergic neurons may block spindle occurrence in DBA/2 mice whereas dopamine neurons may be one of several systems that can promote spindle occurrence. AURyan LJ EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 16(2-3) p103-15 MJCatecholamines; Cerebral Cortex; Electroencephalography MNApomorphine /PD; Blood Pressure; Clonidine /PD; Haloperidol /PD; Methyltyrosines /PD; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice; Neural Transmission; Propranolol /PD; Reserpine /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000095 TIElectrophysiological characteristics of amygdaloid central nucleus neurons during Pavlovian fear conditioning in the rabbit. ABRecent evidence suggests that the amygdaloid central nucleus (ACE) may contribute importantly to cardiovascular adjustments in response to the presentation of conditioned emotional stimuli, possibly via direct ACE projections to cardiovascular regulatory nuclei in the medulla. The present experiment was conducted to obtain additional data relevant to this suggestion. Extracellular single-unit recordings were obtained from 85 histologically-verified ACE neurons during Pavlovian differentially conditioned heart-rate responding in rabbits. Conditioning involved pairing one tone (CS+), but not a second tone (CS-), with paraorbital shock. Those ACE neurons which project to the lower brainstem were identified by their antidromic responses to stimulation of a mesencephalic region through which descending ACE projections course. Under these conditions it was possible to classify ACE neurons as conforming to one of 6 general categories based on their spontaneous activity and conditioned response characteristics. In addition, it was determined that: (1) the electrophysiological characteristics of many ACE neurons were differentially altered in response to presentations of the CS+ versus the CS-; (2) the responses of many ACE neurons to presentations of the CS+ were correlated with the magnitudes of concomitant conditioned alterations in heart rate; and (3) the activity of antidromically-identified ACE neurons which project to the lower brainstem was decreased in response to presentations of each CS. These data provide additional support for the notion that the ACE contributes to cardiovascular regulation during the presentation of emotionally-arousing stimuli. AUPascoe JP; Kapp BS EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 16(2-3) p117-33 MJAmygdaloid Body /PH; Conditioning, Classical; Fear; Heart Rate MNAction Potentials; Amygdaloid Body /CY; Brain Mapping; Electroshock; Rabbits; Reaction Time /PH; Sound MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000096 TIThe hippocampus and thalamus: their roles in short- and long-term memory and the effects of interference. ABRats with dorsal hippocampal, dorsomedial thalamic, and operated control lesions were administered a delayed alternation (DA) task in which recall was assessed over intervals ranging between 0 and 80 s, and a passive avoidance (PA) task, involving training-test delays of between 1 h and 21 days. On both tasks, hippocampal groups performed normally at relatively short intervals, but showed significant memory loss at longer intervals. Thalamic groups were generally impaired on the DA task, but performed as well as operated control groups at all intervals in the PA task. The data also indicated an exaggerated susceptibility to interference in the hippocampal groups and a loss of episodic and reference memory following hippocampal or thalamic lesions. Similarities between the performance of rats with hippocampal or thalamic lesions and comparably brain-damaged human amnesics were noted. In line with current hypotheses, it was concluded that memory loss following thalamic damage is related to a deficit in the early stages of new learning, whereas hippocampal amnesia results from impairment at a later, integrative stage in which long-term memories are formed and durably stored. AUWinocur G EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 16(2-3) p135-52 MJHippocampus; Memory; Thalamic Nuclei MNBrain Mapping; Learning /PH; Memory, Short-Term /PH; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000097 TIVisual analysis of body movements by neurones in the temporal cortex of the macaque monkey: a preliminary report. ABMovement provides biologically important information about the nature (and intent) of animate objects. We have studied cells in the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque monkey which seem to process such visual information. We found that the majority of cells in this brain region were selective for type of movement and for stimulus form, most cells responding only to particular movements of the body or some part of it. A variety of cell types emerged, including cells sensitive to: translation of bodies in view, movements into view (appearance) or out of view (disappearance) and the articulation and rotation of the body/head. Directional selectivity for cells sensitive to translation tended to lie along one of 3 orthogonal Cartesian axes centred on the monkey (towards/away, left/right and up/down). One type of rotation sensitive cell was tuned to rotation about one or more of these axes, a second type was sensitive to different head rotations which brought the face to confront the monkey or turned the face away. Reconstructions of cell positions indicated that cells of the same type were clumped anatomically both across the surface of the cortex and perpendicular to the surface. AUPerrett DI; Smith PA; Mistlin AJ; Chitty AJ; Head AS; Potter DD; Broennimann R; Milner AD; Jeeves MA EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 16(2-3) p153-70 MJTemporal Lobe /PH; Visual Perception MNFixation, Ocular; Form Perception /PH; Macaca mulatta; Macaca; Motion Perception /PH; Rotation; Temporal Lobe /AH MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN15574-96-6 (Pizotyline); 50-37-3 (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide); 74050-98-9 (ketanserin); 75444-65-4 (pirenperone) IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000098 TIAntagonism of the LSD cue by putative serotonin antagonists: relationship to inhibition of in vivo [3H]spiroperidol binding. ABIn two groups of rats trained to discriminate 0.08 or 0.16 mg/kg of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) from saline, pirenperone and ketanserin completely blocked the stimulus effect of LSD. Pizotifen (BC-105) blocked the LSD cue when the training dose was 0.08 mg/kg, but had variable effects in the 0.16 mg/kg of LSD-trained group. The antagonism of the 0.08 mg/kg cue occurred at doses of the antagonists which blocked [3H]spiroperidol labeled 5-HT2 receptors in the frontal cortex in vivo; binding in the striatum was unaffected by the LSD antagonists. However, in doses which produce the LSD cue, neither LSD nor the 5-HT agonist, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, which substitutes for LSD, inhibited the binding in either the cortex or the striatum. The results are discussed in relation to the possible neuropharmacological basis for the LSD cue. AUNielsen EB; Ginn SR; Cunningham KA; Appel JB EM8601 ID9R01DA02543 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 16(2-3) p171-6 MJLysergic Acid Diethylamide; Receptors, Serotonin /DE MNCerebellum /DE; Corpus Striatum /DE; Frontal Lobe /DE; Piperidines /PD; Pizotyline /PD; Radioligand Assay; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Serotonin /AN MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000099 TICerebellar lesion effects on vocalization of the squirrel monkey. ABHigh-frequency coagulations were made in the cerebellar nuclei of 3 adult squirrel monkeys to test their role in the production of vocalization. Complete bilateral destruction of all 3 nuclei in one animal or destruction of their rostral or caudal halves in the other two had no effect on the acoustic structure of electrically elicited species-specific calls. AUKirzinger A EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 16(2-3) p177-81 MJCerebellar Nuclei; Vocalization, Animal MNBrain Mapping; Saimiri MTAnimal IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000100 TIRespiration and olfactory bulb unit activity in the unrestrained rat: statements and reappraisals. ABThe activity of 26 olfactory bulb units, including 19 mitral, 5 granular and 2 external plexiform cells, was recorded in unrestrained rats associating food odor stimuli/isoamyl acetate to a food reward/no reward. The respiratory activity was transduced from the intranasal air pressure and used as a time-base to analyze the unit discharge. The patterning of neuron activity was presented in histograms built from sequences of 30 successive cycles each resolved into 5 equal bins. 64 sequences were defined by the low or high respiratory frequency and by olfactory stimulation. In resting conditions, 15 (13 mitral) units displayed significant respiratory patterning, mainly characterized by the absolute and relative phases of the maximal and minimal activity in the cycle. Six typical groups of units could be defined accordingly. Increased respiratory frequency erased patterning, except in the 2 most typical units. The histograms from adjacent mitral cells showed that the various types were distributed as in a neuronal network with lateral recurrent inhibition, where noise was introduced at each inspiration. The data verified that the spatial and temporal distribution of the input activity elicited by the olfactory stimuli created local interferences, modifying the patterning of mitral activity. The odor-induced changes (R1 responses) were as consistent as the typology itself; they were selective and habituated rapidly. The transient R1 activity could also give rise to an R2 firing, atypical, regular and lasting, mainly when food odor elicited food intake. Possible functional interpretations of these phenomena are presented. AUPager J EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 16(2-3) p81-94 MJOlfactory Bulb; Respiration; Smell MNAction Potentials; Brain Mapping; Periodicity; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000101 TIDeficits in non-spatial conditional associative learning after periarcuate lesions in the monkey. ABMonkeys with lesions of the periarcuate region of the frontal cortex were severely impaired in learning a nonspatial conditional associative task. In this task, either one of two non-spatial responses (open the lit or the unlit box) was correct if emitted in the presence of the appropriate stimulus. In contrast, the periarcuate monkeys were able to learn, at a normal rate, the control tasks in which only one of the two responses was correct (e.g., go to the lit box), the animal's task being to emit this response when the cue to do so was given. These findings support the hypothesis that the periarcuate cortex is critically involved in conditional associative learning. AUPetrides M EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 16(2-3) p95-101 MJAssociation Learning; Conditioning, Operant; Frontal Lobe; Learning MNDiscrimination Learning /PH; Macaca mulatta; Reversal Learning /PH; Visual Perception /PH MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN439-14-5 (Diazepam); 58-25-3 (Chlordiazepoxide) IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000102 TINo cross-tolerance between the stimulatory and depressant actions of benzodiazepines in mice. ABDoses of the benzodiazepines chlordiazepoxide and diazepam were selected that elevate, or that depress, exploratory and locomotor behaviour in the holeboard in mice, and the development of tolerance to these effects was investigated. Tolerance did not develop to the stimulant effects of low doses of these compounds after 10 or 20 days pretreatment with either a low (stimulant) dose or a high (depressant) dose of each. When animals were pretreated with a high (depressant) dose of the benzodiazepines, tolerance developed to the depressant effects of a high test dose, and in fact, after 20 days a stimulatory effect on head-dipping had developed with this dose. In contrast, however, after pretreatment with a high (depressant) dose, there was no tolerance to the stimulatory effects of a low test dose of the benzodiazepines, even after 20 days. The ability of current theories is concluded that behavioural theories of tolerance, such as an instrumental conditioning model, may be the most appropriate to explain the present results. AUFile SE; Pellow S EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p1-7 MJChlordiazepoxide /PD; Diazepam /PD MNChlordiazepoxide /AD; Depression, Chemical; Diazepam /AD; Drug Tolerance; Exploratory Behavior /DE; Mice; Motor Activity /DE; Stimulation, Chemical MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RNEC 2.3.1.6 (Choline Acetyltransferase) IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000103 TIBehavioural and neurochemical effects of chronic intraventricular injections of nerve growth factor in adult rats with fimbria lesions. ABRats received bilateral lesions of the fimbria. These lesions impaired their ability to learn a radial maze. Rats given repeated intraventricular injections of nerve growth factor (NGF, 10 micrograms twice weekly during 4 weeks after the lesion) learned the maze problem more rapidly than rats with the same injury but treated with a control protein (cytochrome c). When retested after a period of 6 weeks without NGF treatment, the performance of NGF-treated and cytochrome c-treated rats with fimbria lesions did not differ. Whereas our previous study showed an increase in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the septum and the hippocampus 4 days after the last NGF injection, the present study found that after the retest period (i.e. 10 weeks after the last NGF injection) ChAT activity was increased in the septum but not in the hippocampus. The relationship between the NGF-induced changes in ChAT activity and behaviour is discussed. AUWill B; Hefti F EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p17-24 MJCholine Acetyltransferase; Hippocampus /IN; Learning Disorders; Nerve Growth Factors; Septum Pellucidum /IN MNCholinergic Fibers /DE; Hippocampus /EN; Neural Pathways /IN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Septum Pellucidum /EN MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000104 TIEarlier is not always better: behavioral dysfunction and abnormal cerebral morphogenesis following neonatal cortical lesions in the rat. ABRats with lesions of the medial frontal, ventral frontal or posterior parietal cortex in adulthood were compared behaviorally and neuroanatomically in adulthood with rats with similar removals at 7 days of age. The neonatal lesions altered cortical morphogenesis, especially in the ventral frontal and parietal groups, in which there was a marked thinning of remaining cortex distal to the lesion site. Behavior was assessed on an extensive battery of sensorimotor and maze-learning tests. Although there was sparing of function on some tests, the overall result was very little sparing on sensorimotor tests and only partial sparing on tests of maze learning in the frontal groups. The parietal neonates showed sparing on only one sensorimotor task and, in addition, showed unexpected deficits on sensorimotor and maze-learning tasks that were not observed in the adult operates. The results suggest that there may be more localization of function in the infant cortex than is generally believed and that early cortical damage may produce different behavioral effects than similar damage in adulthood. AUKolb B; Whishaw IQ EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p25-43 MJCerebral Cortex MNAge Factors; Feeding Behavior /PH; Frontal Lobe /IN; Grooming /PH; Learning /PH; Morphogenesis; Neuronal Plasticity; Parietal Lobe /IN; Psychomotor Performance /PH; Rats; Swimming MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000105 TIOn the ability of rats to discriminate between microstimulations of the olfactory bulb in different locations. ABAn investigation was made into the ability of rats to discriminate between electrical stimulations applied to the mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb in different locations. Water-deprived rats implanted with permanent electrodes were trained to use single- or multi-site microstimulations as discriminative stimuli for selecting a palatable solution without tasting it in a two-choice test. Spontaneous reactions of the animals to stimulation with sinusoidal currents higher than 3 microA per electrode resembled sensory arousal. All rats were found to discriminate between the effects of concurrent microstimulations applied to bulbar sites separated by 500 micron. Changing the current intensity in the range 4-20 microA had no detectable effect on the discrimination. Discrimination was still possible, with a few exceptions, when electrodes were separated by 250 micron and even when they were closely adjacent. Spatial resolution of discrimination seemed not to vary in different regions along the rostrocaudal axis of the bulb. The discrimination of patterns of simultaneous stimulation at several sites was also investigated. Different multi-site patterns were easily distinguished, even when their respective components were closely adjacent or when some components occupied the same area. The findings are discussed with reference to the concept of spatial coding of odours in the olfactory bulb. AUMouly AM; Vigouroux M; Holley A EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p45-58 MJDiscrimination Learning; Olfactory Bulb; Smell MNElectric Stimulation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 54-11-5 (Nicotine) IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000106 TIEffects of nicotine on exploratory behavior in rats: correlation with regional brain monoamine levels. ABThe results of a dose-response study of the effects of nicotine on exploratory behavior in male rats is reported. Nicotine at 0.5 mg/kg elevated locomotor activity without significantly changing other parameters of exploration. Low-dose nicotine (0.2 mg/kg) did not produce any effect on exploration measures, while high-dose nicotine (0.8 mg/kg) produced a state of ataxia in animals and decreased most exploration measures in general. Additional, nicotine at high doses seems to reduce the animal's state of fear/anxiety, while at low dose the drug seems to increase the animal's level of curiosity in a novel environment. Biochemically, nicotine has been found to accelerate dopamine synthesis and norepinephrine turnover, and to decrease serotonin turnover. More importantly, the amino acid precursors tyrosine and tryptophan were found to be the neurochemical measures most related to the behavioral changes produced by nicotine. AULee EH EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p59-66 MJBiogenic Amines; Brain Chemistry; Exploratory Behavior; Neuroregulators; Nicotine MNCaudate Nucleus /AN; Dopamine /AN; Hippocampus /AN; Hypothalamus /AN; Norepinephrine /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serotonin /AN MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN364-62-5 (Metoclopramide); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 51-64-9 (Dextroamphetamine); 74196-93-3 (LY 141865) IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000107 TIDifferential effects of intrafrontocortical microinjections of dopamine agonists and antagonists on circling behavior of rats. ABAsymmetric posturing and circling behavior resulting from acute unilateral manipulation of central dopamine have been used to assess this neurotransmitter's contribution to motor control. Although providing extensive evidence for the involvement of mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine in motor activity, this approach has not been used to study the mesocortical system. We now report circling behaviour following acute manipulation of frontal cortical dopamine. Unilateral microinjections of the agonists, (+)-amphetamine (12 and 25 micrograms in 1.0 microliter) and LY 141865 (12 micrograms in 1.0 microliter) resulted in contraversive circling. Conversely, unilateral intrafrontocortical microinjections of the antagonist, metoclopramide (25 and 100 micrograms in 1.0 microliter) resulted in ipsiversive circling in amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) pretreated rats. Lower central doses of each drug and vehicle injections had no significant effect. These results provide evidence for an excitatory influence of mesocortical dopamine on motor control. This finding may implicate frontal cortical dopamine in the extrapyramidal motoric side effects of chronic neuroleptic treatment which previously have been attributed to dopamine function in subcortical areas. AUStewart RJ; Morency MA; Beninger RJ EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p67-72 MJDopamine; Frontal Lobe /PH; Motor Activity /PH MNBrain Mapping; Dextroamphetamine /PD; Ergolines /PD; Frontal Lobe /DE; Metoclopramide /PD; Motor Activity /DE; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000108 TIDRL responding under uncertain reinforcement in rats after medial frontal cortical lesions. ABRats were studied for their performance on DRL 10-s schedule with a 50% probability of reinforcement of a correct response with a food pellet. It was found that the performance of a group of 8 rats with medial frontal decortication by aspiration was deficient compared to a group of 7 sham-operated control rats. The deficit manifested in the form of an increase in very short interresponse times (IRTs). This signifies an influence of medial frontal cortex on the control of responding by time-correlated stimuli probably arising from collateral behaviours. AUNalwa V; Rao PS EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p73-6 MJConditioning, Operant; Frontal Lobe; Reinforcement Schedule MNBrain Mapping; Rats; Time Perception /PH MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000109 TIRed nucleus lesions impair acquisition of the classically conditioned nictitating membrane response but not eye-to-eye savings or unconditioned response amplitude. ABFollowing a single electrocoagulating RF lesion aimed at left red nucleus, rabbits received classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane (NM) response. A tone was the conditioned stimulus (CS) and electrostimulation of the eye was the unconditioned stimulus (US). The US was applied to the right eye during the initial phase of training. It was then switched to the left eye to assess transfer of learning and ultimately switched back to the right eye. NM responses were recorded simultaneously from both eyes during each phase of training. Consistent with reports implicating a cerebellar-rubro circuit in this behavior, RN lesions disrupted acquisition of CRs in the eye contralateral to the lesion. Animals with disrupted NM CRs of the right eye resembled controls in showing transfer of conditioning to the left eye. CR-disrupting lesions did not affect UR amplitude. AURosenfield ME; Moore JW EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p77-81 MJConditioning, Classical; Conditioning, Eyelid; Red Nucleus MNBrain Mapping; Electroshock; Nictitating Membrane; Rabbits; Sound; Transfer (Psychology) MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN51-34-3 (Scopolamine) IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000110 TISpatial learning and memory, maze running strategies and cholinergic mechanisms in two inbred strains of mice. ABThe acquisition process of the radial maze task was studied in two inbred strains of mice, C57BL/6 and DBA/2. A quantitative and qualitative evaluation of performance was performed and the pretest level of activity was measured. The results showed a significant correlation between activity and performance since the highly active C57BL/6 mice exhibited better performance of the radial maze task than the less active DBA/2 mice. Moreover, for correct trials, strain-dependent maze-running strategies were observed: while both strains displayed about the same percentage of clockwise and spatial strategies, it was observed that among the spatial strategies C57BL/6 used a larger number of different correct solutions. Subsequently, the effect of scopolamine administration on working memory processes was assessed in sequential and discrete trials. A different reactivity of each strain to anti-cholinergic treatment was found in discrete trials since only DBA/2 mice were impaired. The effect of scopolamine is discussed in relation to the different models of information processing involved in learning and memorizing the experimental rule. AUAmmassari-Teule M; Caprioli A EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p9-16 MJBrain; Learning; Memory /PH; Spatial Behavior MNCholinergic Fibers /PH; Memory /DE; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice; Scopolamine /PD; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000111 TIGrooming reflexes and Brown-Sequard epilepsy in cats with pontile lesions. ABThe literature on the relation between the scratch reflex and Brown-Sequard epilepsy in the guinea pig indicates that the scratch reflex is a stimulus-induced myoclonus that is the first component of a complete seizure. Cats with pontile lesions and cats with frontal neocortical lesions exhibit the scratch reflex and other grooming reflexes. The grooming reflexes in cats with pontile lesions develop over a period of a year or more into complete seizures that are similar to Brown-Sequard epilepsy as described for the guinea pig by Brown-Sequard and others. Cinematographic analyses revealed that the scratch reflex in cats with pontile lesions and in cats with frontal neocortical lesions has the same frequency and the same complex spatial and temporal pattern as normal scratching behavior. In addition, the myoclonus of the complete seizures is identified as the scratch reflex, representing a very vigorous and long-lasting afterdischarge. Reconstruction of the pontile lesions indicate that the lateral and rostral portions of the paralemniscal tegmental fields were destroyed along with portions of the pontile gray and pyramidal tract. AURandall W; Randall S; Johnson RF EM8601 IDMH-15402-07; MH-15773 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p109-21 MJEpilepsy; Frontal Lobe; Grooming; Pons; Reflex, Abnormal MNBrain Diseases /PP; Brain Mapping; Cats; Epilepsy, Myoclonus /PP MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN465-65-6 (Naloxone); 57-27-2 (Morphine) IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000112 TIInfluence of stress on morphine-induced hyperthermia: relevance to drug conditioning and tolerance development. ABControversy exists regarding (a) whether rats become tolerant, or sensitized, to morphine-induced hyperthermia and (b) the directionality of the conditioned pyretic effects of morphine. In these studies, stress produced by temperature-assessment procedures affected rats' pyretic response to morphine. Under conditions of high stress, rats first showed diminished, and then enhanced, hyperthermic responding across repeated morphine dosing (5 or 35 mg/kg). The diminished hyperthermia can be attributed to habituation to high levels of assessment stress. Repeated morphine doses delivered under conditions of low stress produced only enhanced hyperthermic responding, which indicates that rats become sensitized to morphine's hyperthermic effects. There was little evidence that morphine supported conditioning of pyretic responses. Finally, the temperature-assessment stress that produced hyperthermia was mediated by opiate peptides, was blocked by naloxone, and enhanced the agonist effects of morphine. The relevance of these findings to theories of drug conditioning and tolerance is discussed. AUZelman DC; Tiffany ST; Baker TB EM8601 ID1-R01-DA02729-01 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p122-44 MJConditioning, Classical; Hypothermia, Induced; Morphine; Stress MNDrug Tolerance; Handling (Psychology); Naloxone /DU; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN465-65-6 (Naloxone); 65-29-2 (Gallamine Triethiodide); 7439-93-2 (Lithium); 7447-41-8 (lithium chloride) IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000113 TIThe painlike effect of gallamine and naloxone differs from sickness induced by lithium chloride. ABIn rats, the conditioned place and taste aversions produced by 31.8 mg/kg lithium chloride were compared with those produced by 10 mg/kg gallamine in Experiment 1 and 20 mg/kg or 2.5 mg/kg naloxone in Experiments 2 and 3, respectively. Lithium produced stronger taste aversions than gallamine or the two doses of naloxone, but gallamine and naloxone each produced stronger place aversions than lithium. These findings support the distinction between two kinds of drug-induced aversive effects, having different associative properties. One effect, called sickness, is more associable with taste than with place cues; the second effect is, like pain, more associable with place than with taste. AULett BT EM8601 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p145-50 MJChlorides; Gallamine Triethiodide; Lithium; Naloxone; Nausea; Pain MNAssociation; Avoidance Learning; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spatial Behavior; Taste MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 521-18-6 (Stanolone); 57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000114 TIEffects of paced coital stimulation on estrus duration in intact cycling rats and ovariectomized and ovariectomized-adrenalectomized hormone-primed rats. ABFeminine sexual behavior was examined in intact cycling rats and ovariectomized and ovariectomized-adrenalectomized hormone-primed rats with the use of a partitioned test cage in which the female controlled the timing of sexual contacts with males. Females received 9 or 10 intromissions in the partitioned test cage (paced) or with the partition removed (nonpaced) or received solitary exposure to the test cage or to mounts without intromission with the use of vaginal masks. Intact cycling (Experiment 1) and gonadectomized hormone-primed (Experiment 2) rats displayed similar patterns of contact with males: Exists from and latencies to return to the male compartment increased as the intensity of the antecedent coital stimulation increased (ejaculations greater than intromissions greater than mounts). Cycling females given experience with paced or nonpaced mating on the evening of proestrus did not exhibit differences in pacing behavior on a second test 17-24 days later. Those receiving paced coital stimulation showed a shorter duration of estrus than did those receiving nonpaced stimulation. Ovariectomized and ovariectomized-adrenalectomized paced rats given three successive doses of estradiol benzoate in combination with progesterone did not show shorter periods of estrus than nonpaced or mounts-only rats. These results suggest that ovarian output in response to paced cervical-vaginal stimulation may contribute to the termination of estrus in the rat. AUErskine MS EM8601 IDHD16746 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p151-61 MJAdrenal Cortex Hormones; Copulation; Estrus; Sex Hormones MNAdrenalectomy; Estradiol /PD; Ovariectomy; Progesterone /PH; Rats; Stanolone /PH MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000115 TIIngestive responses to homeostatic challenges in rats with ablations of the anterolateral neocortex. ABBecause rats with either anterolateral neocortical or lateral hypothalamic (LH) damage initially display similar feeding and drinking deficits and recovery patterns, the possibility that anterolateral neocortical ablations would also produce similar chronic ingestive impairments to glucoprivic and hydrational challenges was examined. In general, rats with anterolateral neocortical ablations exhibited normal feeding responses to food deprivation and glucoprivation induced by insulin or moderate doses of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), but their response to a high dose (500 mg/kg) of 2-DG was impaired. These animals also drank normally in response to hypertonic saline injections and following water deprivation, but only if food was available during the test session, results indicating that they drank prandially. Results indicate that although the anterolateral neocortex and LH are anatomically related, these brain regions appear to be functionally dissimilar in terms of the regulation of ingestion. AUGrijalva CV; Kiefer SW; Gunion MW; Cooper PH; Novin D EM8601 IDNS-07687; NS-11618 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p162-74 MJCerebral Cortex; Drinking Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Homeostasis MNBody Weight; Brain Mapping; Food Deprivation /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Water-Electrolyte Balance MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-64-9 (Dextroamphetamine) IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000116 TIAmphetamine tolerance and body weight set point: a dose-response analysis. ABThe theory that amphetamine anorexia and tolerance reflect the lowering of a set point for body weight regulation was evaluated. In the first experiment, rats given either 2 or 4 mg/kg d-amphetamine and access to milk ultimately achieved comparable levels of tolerance and maintained their weight at 94%-96% of control levels. Thus, the level of maintained body weight was not dose-dependent. In the second experiment, increasing the doses resulted in renewed anorexia and weight loss, and the appearance of behavioral stereotypies. Whereas mean intake then recovered, body weight remained at 79%-82% of control levels. However, milk intake for individual rats was extremely variable. Such variability is inconsistent with the notion that body weight was actively regulated by caloric intake. Drug withdrawal had little further effect on intake, and it led to weight ╥rebound╙ in only one group. When subsequently retested with the original doses, both groups were again anorexic and showed more intense stereotypy. This finding suggests that drug withdrawal caused a general increase in sensitivity to amphetamine, rather than a set-point-related change in feeding. Taken together, the data do not support the set point theory of amphetamine tolerance. AUWolgin DL; Salisbury JJ EM8601 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p175-85 MJDextroamphetamine MNBody Weight; Drug Tolerance; Individuality; Rats MTAnimal; Male IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000117 TIMedial temporal lesions in monkeys impair memory on a variety of tasks sensitive to human amnesia. ABMonkeys with conjoint bilateral lesions of the hippocampus and amygdala were impaired on four different tests of memory (delayed retention of object discriminations, concurrent discrimination, delayed response, and delayed nonmatching to sample). Because tests involving delays and distractions are known to be especially sensitive to human amnesia, in three of the tasks relatively long delay intervals between training and test trials were used, and in two tasks distraction was introduced during the delay intervals. The severity of the impairment increased with the length of the delay, and distraction markedly increased the memory impairment. For one task given on two occasions (delayed nonmatching to sample), the severity of the impairment was unchanged over a period of 1.5 years. Taken together with previous findings that skill learning is unimpaired in the same operated monkeys, the results of the present study strengthen the conclusion that monkeys with medial temporal lesions constitute an animal model of human amnesia. In addition, the four tasks used here appear to constitute a sensitive and appropriate battery that could be used in other studies of the neuroanatomy of memory functions in the monkey. AUZola-Morgan S; Squire LR EM8601 IDNS19063; MH24600 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p22-34 MJAmygdaloid Body; Hippocampus; Memory MNAmnesia; Brain Diseases; Brain Mapping; Disease Models, Animal; Macaca fascicularis; Retention (Psychology) /PH; Temporal Lobe MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000118 TIMemory of monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with lesions in prefrontal cortex. ABIt is controversial whether damage to prefrontal cortex causes an impairment of memory. In this experiment, the tissue in sulcus principalis was removed in rhesus monkeys, and they were given 25 spatial locations to remember. They were poor at the task from the first. The same animals were able to indicate which of two locations they had touched if there was no delay before they were allowed to make their report. One possibility is that frontal mechanisms operate on information in working memory. AUPassingham RE EM8601 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p3-21 MJFrontal Lobe; Memory MNBrain Diseases /CO; Brain Mapping; Learning /PH; Macaca mulatta; Memory Disorders /ET; Space Perception /PH; Spatial Behavior /PH MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000119 TIHippocampectomy disrupts the topography of conditioned nictitating membrane responses during reversal learning. ABThe effects of bilateral hippocampectomy on the topography, or shape, of conditioned nictitating membrane (NM) responses were examined during four learning tasks: one-tone delay conditioning, unpaired extinction, two-tone discrimination, and reversal of two-tone discrimination. Results showed that hippocampal ablation altered conditioned NM response topography only during reversal learning and not during the other training paradigms. In addition, the shapes of learning curves for hippocampectomized animals were different from those of control animals during reversal conditioning but not during the other paradigms. The implications of these findings with respect to unit-recording studies of hippocampal cellular activity during classical conditioning of the NM response are discussed. AUOrr WB; Berger TW EM8601 IDMH 00343 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p35-45 MJConditioning, Eyelid; Hippocampus; Reversal Learning MNBrain Mapping; Conditioning, Classical /PH; Discrimination Learning /PH; Extinction (Psychology) /PH; Nictitating Membrane; Parietal Lobe /PH; Pitch Discrimination /PH; Rabbits MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000120 TISparing of patterned alternation but not partial reinforcement effect after infant and adult hippocampal lesions in the rat. ABThe effect of hippocampal lesions was assessed in patterned (single) alternation (PA) and the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE), the two reward-schedule effects that appear earliest in ontogeny. Three groups of rat pups, with appropriate controls, were tested for each effect: lesion as infant/test as infant, lesion as infant/test as adult, and lesion as adult/test as adult. Hippocampal lesions had no effect on PA in any of the three conditions except for a suggestion that the effect was mildly attenuated in the animals given lesions as infants and tested as adults: The pups were able to discriminate rewarded from nonrewarded trials and to inhibit responding on nonrewarded trials. On the other hand, the PREE was eliminated under all conditions of testing, in each case because of an increase in persistence following continuously reinforced acquisition. The results are discussed in terms of the functional maturation of the hippocampus and a possible dissociation of mechanisms that mediate response suppression in PA and in the PREE in infant rats. AULobaugh NJ; Bootin M; Amsel A EM8601 IDMH30778; HD18520 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p46-59 MJExtinction (Psychology); Hippocampus /PH; Learning; Reinforcement Schedule MNAge Factors; Animals, Newborn; Brain Mapping; Hippocampus /GD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000121 TIProactive behavioral effects of theta-driving septal stimulation on conditioned suppression and punishment in the rat. ABIn two experiments, a treatment phase of septal stimulation preceded the acquisition of free operant lever pressing on a random-interval 64-s reinforcement schedule. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, chronically implanted with a bilateral septal stimulating electrode and a unilateral bipolar hippocampal recording electrode, received (a) low-frequency (7.7-Hz) stimulation, which drove the hippocampal theta rhythm, or (b) random-pulse stimulation (average frequency = 7.7 Hz), which produced only nonregular waveforms in the hippocampus. Control animals were implanted but not stimulated. After 12 days of lever-press acquisition, animals were presented while lever pressing with an auditory signal associated with a particular schedule of shock delivery: In Experiment 1, shocks occurred despite the subject's response strategy; in Experiment 2, shocks were delivered only if the rat pressed the lever. In both experiments, lever pressing was suppressed by the auditory stimulus. Theta-driving but not random-pulse septal stimulation proactively increased behavioral tolerance to the effects of electric shock. These results reinforce the idea that proactive behavioral effects of septal stimulation are a consequence of the production of the hippocampal theta rhythm. AUHolt L; Gray JA EM8601 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p60-74 MJConditioning, Operant; Punishment; Septum Pellucidum MNBrain Mapping; Electric Stimulation; Fear /PH; Frustration; Hippocampus /PH; Neural Pathways /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Theta Rhythm MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-34-3 (Scopolamine) IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000122 TIIntraseptal scopolamine has differential effects on Pavlovian eye blink and heart rate conditioning. ABThe effects of intraseptal scopolamine hydrobromide injections on Pavlovian (classical) conditioning were evaluated, with tones used as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and a periorbital electric shock train as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). Eye blink (EB) and heart rate (HR) conditioned responses were concomitantly recorded. Although injections of scopolamine into the medial septum impaired the acquisition of the Pavlovian conditioned eyelid reflex, these injections enhanced the magnitude of accompanying Pavlovian conditioned HR decelerations. However, scopolamine applied to the lateral septal area had no effect on EB conditioning, relative to the vehicle, but, like medial injections, enhanced the magnitude of the accompanying HR decelerations. These results are compatible with those of previous investigations: Medial septal dysfunction impairs somatomotor conditioning but leaves autonomic conditioning intact, and septal dysfunction produces a parasympathetic bias of the cardiovascular system. AUPowell DA; Hernandez L ; Buchanan SL EM8601 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p75-87 MJConditioning, Classical /PH; Hippocampus; Scopolamine; Septum Pellucidum /PH MNBrain Mapping; Conditioning, Classical /DE; Conditioning, Eyelid /PH; Heart Rate; Rabbits; Septum Pellucidum /DE MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000123 TIAge-related disruption of trace but not delay classical conditioning of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response. ABYoung (6 months of age) and old (36-60 months) New Zealand albino rabbits underwent classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response in either a delay conditioning (Experiment 1) or a trace conditioning (Experiment 2) paradigm. There was no difference between old and young animals in acquisition of the conditioned response in the delay paradigm, nor were there any age-related differences in generalization to the tone conditioned stimulus (CS) or in sensitivity to the tone CS or eye shock unconditioned stimulus. In the trace conditioning paradigm, however, old animals acquired the conditioned response significantly more slowly than young rabbits. Because the same stimulus parameters and the same response were used in both experiments, it is unlikely that age-related differences in trace conditioning were due to stimulus sensitivity, motivation, or fatigue. The results are discussed in terms of how brain changes that accompany aging could differentially affect these two types of classical conditioning. AUGraves CA; Solomon PR EM8601 IDMH36539-01 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p88-96 MJAging; Conditioning, Classical; Conditioning, Eyelid; Memory MNCholinergic Fibers /PH; Electroshock; Generalization, Stimulus /PH; Models, Biological; Nictitating Membrane; Rabbits; Sound MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000124 TIFixation of spinal reflex alterations in spinal rats by sensory nerve stimulation. ABTwo preparations in which sensory nerve stimulation was used to obtain peripherally induced spinal fixation in spinal rats are described. In the first preparation, proportionally greater amounts of persisting poststimulation flexor muscle contraction, as measured by a force displacement transducer, were produced as stimulation time was increased from 10 min to 40 min. In the second preparation, sensory nerve stimulation was delivered, and evoked whole-nerve responses were recorded from a flexor motor nerve. Results indicated that 30 min or more of sensory nerve stimulation produced increases in response amplitude and area that persisted for at least 30 min after stimulation. AUSteinmetz JE; Patterson MM EM8601 IDNS10647; NS14545 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p97-108 MJReflex; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerves MNElectric Stimulation; Models, Neurological; Muscle Contraction; Neural Transmission; Neurons, Afferent /PH; Rats; Reaction Time /PH; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0177-3593 LAGerman JCAHC SBM UI86000125 TI[Gunther Weitzel, 10 May 1915-29 June 1984. His life, his personality and his work] AUSchneider F PSWeitzel G TT[Gunther Weitzel, 10. Mai 1915-29. Juni 1984. Leben, Personlichkeit und Werk.] EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p609-16 MNBibliography; Biochemistry /HI; Germany; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Philosophy; Physiology /HI MCCurrent Biog-Obit; Historical Article RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); EC 3.4.24.- (Thermolysin); 0 (amyloid fibril protein EPS); 27933-36-4 (BNPS-skatole); 83-34-1 (Skatole) IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000126 TIThe amino-acid sequence of the variable region of a carbohydrate-containing amyloid fibril protein EPS (immunoglobulin light chain, type lambda). ABThe amino-acid sequence of the variable region of a carbohydrate-containing amyloid fibril protein EPS of immunoglobulin lambda light chain origin has been elucidated. The protein was isolated from the liver of a patient (EPS) with an immunocyte dyscrasia of the IgM type. The molecular mass of this protein was found to be about 20 kDa including an oligosaccharide chain linked to it. The amino-acid sequence determination involved automatic Edman degradation of polypeptides obtained after cleaving the protein with BNPS-skatole, trypsin and thermolysin. The proposed sequence of the variable region of the protein showed that it may be assigned to the V lambda I subgroup. A tryptic and a thermolysinolytic peptide both containing the carbohydrate were isolated and characterized, and the localization of an oligosaccharide chain linked to asparagine was established. AUToft KG; Sletten K; Husby G EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p617-25 MJAmyloid; Carbohydrates; Immunoglobulin Variable Region; Immunoglobulins, Lambda Chain; Immunoglobulins, Light Chain MNAmino Acid Sequence; Skatole /AA /PD; Thermolysin /PD; Trypsin /PD MTHuman RN0 (lipophilin); 506-68-3 (Cyanogen Bromide) IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000127 TIAmino-acid sequence of human and bovine brain myelin proteolipid protein (lipophilin) is completely conserved. ABProteolipid protein (PLP) was isolated from white matter of human brain by chloroform/methanol extraction and further purified by chromatography. Performic acid oxidation yielded a product homogeneous in NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide electrophoresis with a molecular mass of 30 kDa. The carboxymethylated PLP was chemically cleaved with cyanogen bromide into four fragments: CNBr I 22-24 kDa, CNBr II 5 kDa, CNBr III 1.4 kDa and CNBr IV 0.7 kDa. HBr/dimethylsulfoxide cleavage at tryptophan residues released four fragments: Trp I 14-16 kDa, Trp II 2.0 kDa, Trp III 5 kDa and Trp IV 7 kDa. Hydrophilic fragments were enriched in 50% formic acid (CNBr II, III, IV and Trp II and III), whereas hydrophobic peptides precipitated from this solvent were CNBr I, Trp I and IV. The fragments were separated by gel filtration with 90% formic acid as solvent and finally purified by gel permeation HPLC (Si 60 and Si 100) for automated liquid and solid-phase Edman degradation. Large fragments were further cleaved with different proteinases (trypsin, V8-proteinase, endoproteinase Lys-C and thermolysin). We used an improved strategy in the sequencing of the human proteolipid protein compared with our approach to the structural elucidation of bovine brain PLP. The amino-acid sequence of human PLP contains 276 residues, the same as found in bovine proteolipid protein. The two sequences proved to be identical. The possible importance of the conservative structure of this integral membrane protein is discussed. AUStoffel W; Giersiefen H; Hillen H; Schroeder W; Tunggal B EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p627-35 MJBrain Chemistry; Myelin Proteins; Proteolipids MNAmino Acid Sequence; Cattle; Cyanogen Bromide /PD; Protein Conformation MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1. (Oxidoreductases); EC 1.10.3.- (juglone hydroxylase); EC 1.14. (Hydroxylases); 481-39-0 (juglone); 53-84-9 (NAD) IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000128 TIPurification and some properties of two isofunctional juglone hydroxylases from Pseudomonas putida J1. ABJuglone-induced cells of Pseudomonas putida J 1 were shown to contain two isofunctional juglone hydroxylases. Both enzymes were purified about 125-fold to homogeneity in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular masses of the native enzymes, as determined by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration were 59 000 Da for enzyme 1 and 56 000 Da for enzyme 2. The molecular masses of the subunits were determined by dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as 25 000 Da (enzyme 1) and 23 500 Da (enzyme 2). Both enzymes hydroxylated juglone, naphthazarin, 1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, but they were completely inactive against naphtholes. The activity of both hydroxylases was not affected by chelating agents, thiol reagents, however, were found to be strong inhibitors. No external cofactors such as Fe2, NADH, NADPH, FAD, FMN were required for activity. Concomitant with the hydroxylation of juglone the consumption of oxygen in a molar ratio 2: 1 (juglone: oxygen) was observed but none of the enzymes incorporated 18O2 into the substrate juglone. By activity staining enzyme 1 was found to be present in induced and non-induced cells of P. putida J 1, enzyme 2, however, only in juglone-induced cells. AURettenmaier H; Lingens F EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p637-46 MJNaphthoquinones; Oxidoreductases; Pseudomonas MNEnzyme Induction; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxylases /AI; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; NAD /PD; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Substrate Specificity MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1. (Oxidoreductases); EC 1.3.1.- (NADH 5 alpha-reductase); 53-59-8 (NADP); 53-84-9 (NAD) IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000129 TIProperties and biochemical characterization of NADH 5 alpha-reductase from rat liver microsomes. ABNADH 5 alpha-reductase is present in microsomes of various rat organs: heart and skeletal muscle, liver, adrenal glands, kidney, testes and prostate. The enzyme from rat liver microsomes utilizes B-hydrogen from the coenzyme NADH for steroid reduction. After solubilization of the enzyme with the nonionic detergent lubrol, phosphatidylcholine is necessary to restore the activity. This reactivation of the enzyme activity is paralleled by a corresponding increase of Vmax for testosterone (17 beta-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one). Km and Vmax for testosterone change, Km and Vmax for the coenzyme NADH remain constant with an alteration of phosphate concentration in the incubation medium. The NADH 5 alpha-reductase is inhibited by numerous substances: amytal, phenobarbital, mepacrin, thenoyltrifluoracetone, gallic acid propyl ester, dicoumarol, pentachlorophenol, NADP and antibodies against rat liver NADPH ferrihemoprotein reductase. Antibodies against rat liver cytochrome-b5 reductase cause an activation of NADH 5 alpha-reductase. AUGolf SW; Graef V; Rempeters G; Mersdorf S EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p647-53 MJMicrosomes, Liver; NAD; Oxidoreductases /AN MNAntibodies /IM; Kinetics; NADP /ME; Oxidoreductases /AI; Phosphates /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female RNEC 3.4.- (Cathepsins); EC 3.4.21.20 (cathepsin G) IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000130 TIInteraction of human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor with human leukocyte cathepsin G. ABInteraction of human plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) with human leukocyte cathepsin G was assessed by proteinase inhibitory capacity assays and electrophoretic analyses. Only a part of purified alpha 1-PI formed a 1 : 1 complex (Mr = 74 000) with leukocyte cathepsin G. The formation of this complex was accompanied by the appearance of a great amount of a free, proteolytically modified form of alpha 1-PI (Mr = 50 000) which had lost its inhibitory capacity. The complex was unstable with time and the only dead end product observed was a modified, inactive form of alpha 1-PI. During the breakdown of the complex, no release of active enzyme could be measured by spectrophotometric assays. In spite of the fact that the equimolarity of the complex was convincingly demonstrated, studies of the alpha 1-PI-cathepsin G reaction showed that total inhibition of this proteinase needed a large molar excess of alpha 1-PI. Nevertheless, alpha 1-PI acts as an efficient ╥suicide inhibitor╙ since no cathepsin G recovery was ever found. AUVercaigne-Marko D; Davril M; Laine A; Hayem A EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p655-61 MJAlpha 1-Antitrypsin /PD; Cathepsins; Leukocytes MNAlpha 1-Antitrypsin /BL; Cathepsins /BL; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Spectrophotometry MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000131 TIStability and self-assembly of the S-layer protein of the cell wall of Bacillus stearothermophilus. ABThe surface layer of the cell envelope of Bacillus stearothermophilus consists of a regular array of protein subunits. As shown by dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation, the fully solubilized S-layer protein represents a homogeneous entity with a subunit molecular mass of 115 +/- 5 kDa. Solubilization of the protein may be accomplished at acid pH, or using high concentrations of urea or guanidine X HCl. It is accompanied by (partial) denaturation, thus interfering with the characterization of the protein in its unperturbed native state. Removal of the solubilizing agent by dialysis or dilution allows the S-layer to be reassembled into two-dimensional crystalline lattices identical to those observed in intact cells. To determine the kinetics of association, optimum conditions are found to be rapid mixing with 0.1 M sodium phosphate pH 7.0, 20 degrees C, final protein concentration greater than 10 micrograms/ml. If the time course of the self-assembly is monitored by light scattering, as well as by chemical cross-linking with glutardialdehyde, multiphasic kinetics with a rapid initial phase and slow consecutive processes of higher than second-order are observed. The rapid phase may be attributed to the formation of oligomeric precursors (Mr greater than 10(6) ). Concentration-dependent light scattering measurements give evidence for a ╥critical concentration╙ of association, suggesting that patches of 12-16 protein subunits fuse and recrystallize into the final (native) S-layer structure. Recrystallization tends to be complete. AUJaenicke R; Welsch R; Sara M ; Sleytr UB EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p663-70 MJBacillus stearothermophilus; Bacterial Proteins MNCell Wall /AN; Kinetics; Light; Scattering, Radiation; Temperature MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000132 TIControl of oxygen uptake, microcirculation and glucose release by circulating noradrenaline in perfused rat liver. ABThe effect of noradrenaline on oxygen uptake, on periportal and perivenous oxygen tension at surface acini, on microcirculation and on glucose output were studied in isolated rat livers perfused at constant flow with Krebs-Henseleit-hydrogen carbonate buffer containing 5mM glucose and 2mM lactate. Noradrenaline at 1 microM concentration caused a decrease in oxygen uptake, while at 0.1 microM it led to an increase. Both high and low doses of noradrenaline decreased the tissue surface oxygen tension in periportal and - after a transient rise - in perivenous areas. Noradrenaline at an overall constant flow caused an increase of portal pressure and an alteration of the intrahepatic distribution of the perfusate: at the surface of the liver and in cross sections infused trypan blue led to only a slightly heterogeneous staining after a low dose of noradrenaline but to a clearly heterogeneous staining after a high dose. Both high and low doses of noradrenaline stimulated glucose release. All effects could be inhibited by the alpha-blocking agent phentolamine. In conclusion, control of hepatic oxygen consumption by circulating noradrenaline is a complex result of opposing hemodynamic and metabolic components: the microcirculatory changes inhibit oxygen uptake; they dominate after high catecholamine doses. The metabolic effects include a stimulation of oxygen utilization; they prevail at low catecholamine levels. The noradrenergic control of glucose release is also very complex, involving direct, metabolic and indirect, hemodynamic components. AUBeckh K; Otto R; Ji S; Jungermann K EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p671-8 MJGlucose; Liver Circulation; Liver /ME; Norepinephrine; Oxygen Consumption MNBlood Pressure /DE; Liver /DE; Microcirculation /DE; Perfusion; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /PH MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000133 TIMole rat hemoglobin: primary structure and evolutionary aspects in a second karyotype of Spalax ehrenbergi, Rodentia, (2n = 52). ABThe hemoglobins of the four karyotypes of Spalax ehrenbergi (2n = 52, 54, 58, 60) did not show any differences in their electrophoretic pattern and in high performance liquid chromatography. The complete amino-acid sequence of mole rat hemoglobin (Spalax ehrenbergi), chromosome species 2n = 52, is presented. It was elucidated by automatic Edman degradation of the chains, the tryptic peptides, and the C-terminal peptide obtained by acid hydrolysis of the Asp-Pro bond in beta-chains. The alpha- and beta-chains are identical with those of the chromosome species 2n = 60. A comparison of the hemoglobins of mole rat, mouse, and other rodents shows homology but no indication of adaptation to subterranean life. In all probability alpha 11(A9)Arg and alpha 120(H3)Gly, unique in mole rat among all mammalian hemoglobins, are not involved in high oxygen affinity. The construction of a phylogenetic tree by the maximum parsimony method, based on hemoglobin sequences, made it possible to show that Rodentia originated as a monophyletic clade, and to find the phylogenetic relationship of Spalacidae to other Rodentia (Mus, Rattus, Ondatra, Mesocricetus, Citellus, and Cavia). Among all rodents the slowest rate of nucleotide replacements occurred in the lineage to Spalax (20%) and the fastest in the lineage to Cavia (59%). AUKleinschmidt T; Nevo E; Goodman M; Braunitzer G EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p679-85 MJEvolution; Hemoglobins; Rodentia MNAmino Acid Sequence; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Karyotyping MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RNEC 1.9.3.1 (Cytochrome Oxidase) IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000134 TIStudies on cytochrome c oxidase, XII. Isolation and primary structure of polypeptide VIb from bovine heart. ABThe isolation and complete sequence analysis of the cytoplasmically synthesized polypeptide VIb from bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase is described. The protein is a stoichiometric constituent of the respiratory complex IV. Its primary structure is deduced from N-terminal sequencing and overlapping peptides obtained from tryptic cleavage and specific cleavage at arginyl and tryptophyl peptide bonds. The polypeptide chain consists of 84 amino acids from which a Mr of 9419 is derived. It has a relatively high content of histidine and proline and contains a single cysteine. A hydrophobic sequence of 20 amino acids points to a membrane-penetrating structure similar to that found in polypeptides I, II, III, IV and VIIIa, VIIIb, VIIIc of the bovine oxidase. The sequence of VIb is tissue-specific, it contributes to the formation of nuclear coded isoenzymes of cytochrome c oxidase. The protein thus may be involved in a tissue-specific regulation of cellular respiration. AUMeinecke L; Buse G EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p687-94 MJCytochrome Oxidase MNAmino Acid Sequence; Cattle; Cytochrome Oxidase /IP; Molecular Weight; Myocardium /EN; Peptides /IP MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9036-19-5 (Nonidet P-40) IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000135 TIInsulin receptor protein rendered visible in triton X-114 membranes. ABInsulin receptor protein has been visualized by electron microscopy. This was rendered possible after the molecules had been extensively purified and had been reinserted into Triton X-114 membranes in a situation similar to that found in biological membranes. Freeze fracturing then revealed the insulin receptor molecules as particles randomly distributed in the fracture plane of the artificial membranes. The sizes of the particles are in the range expected from biochemical data. AUKopp F; Meyer HE; Reinauer H EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p695-8 MJPolyethylene Glycols; Receptors, Insulin MNElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Freeze Fracturing; Microscopy, Electron; Swine MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (complement 3b receptor); 0 (lipocortins); 14769-73-4 (Levamisole); 15826-37-6 (Disodium Cromoglycate); 37341-29-0 (IgE); 51-45-6 (Histamine); 51481-61-9 (Cimetidine); 53678-77-6 (Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine); 66357-35-5 (Ranitidine) IS0021-2547 LAEnglish JCAKG SBM UI86000136 TIImmunomodulators and allergy. ABThe role played by immunomodulation in allergy is critically reviewed. The prospective mechanisms of immunomodulation, specifically including those showing relation with allergic phenomena, are taken into consideration, examining the main interfering factors. Type I, IgE-mediated immunoreaction, in its two aspects, IgE synthesis and mediator's release, is analyzed, bearing in mind some agents involved or affecting these processes, mimicking immunomodulation. Other agents, such as Corynebacterium granulosum derivatives and glucocorticoids have been also appraised, to highlight their action in this connection. AUValcurone G; Tassi GC EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p175-94 MJHypersensitivity; Immune System MNAcetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine /IM; Antibody Specificity; Antigenic Determinants /IM; Calcium Channel Blockers /PD; Calmodulin /AI; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte /DE; Cimetidine /PD; Circadian Rhythm; Corynebacterium /IM; Disodium Cromoglycate /PD; Drug Administration Schedule; Glycoproteins /IM; HLA Antigens /IM; Histamine /IM; IgE /IM; Immunoglobulins, Fc /IM; Immunotherapy; Interferons /TU; Killer Cells, Natural /IM; Leukotrienes B /PD; Levamisole /TU; Macrophages /IM; Prostaglandins /PD; Ranitidine /PD; Receptors, Complement /ME; Steroids /IM; T Lymphocytes /IM MCReview MTAnimal; Human IS0021-2547 LAItalian JCAKG SBM UI86000137 TI[Comparative evaluation of the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of third generation tests by the detection of hepatitis B virus markers in the serum. I. HBsAg] ABThe authors have evaluated comparatively the diagnostic reliability of the most recent RIA and ELISA mono-polyclonal techniques for the determination of HBsAg in serum by means of in vivo and in vitro tests. Statistically, no difference has been found as regards the various methods. AUCorridori S; Gorini P; Trespi G; Baldini E; Campisi D TT[Valutazione comparativa sulla specificita e sensibilita diagnostica di alcuni tests di terza generazione per il depistage dei markers di virus epatite B nel siero. I. HBsAg.] EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p195-200 MJHepatitis B Surface Antigens; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic MNEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Hepatitis B Antibodies /AN; Radioimmunoassay MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0021-2547 LAEnglish JCAKG SBM UI86000138 TICirculating acid-labile interferon in chronic versus acute, HBV-related liver disease. A marker of immune-mediated hepatocellular damage? ABAn acid-labile Interferon was detected in the circulation of 76.1% of patients with chronic active type B hepatitis, in 30% of patients with acute type B hepatitis, studied within 15 days from starting of symptoms, and in 25% of patients with acute type B hepatitis studied 4 to 6 weeks after the admission. Patients in the third group showing evidence of circulating Interferon had also a delayed recovery and tardive HBsAg clearance. Circulating immune complexes were detected in 85.7% of patients of the first group, in 63.3% of patients of the second group, and in 25% of patients of the third group. We suggest that an acid-labile circulating Interferon could be related to immune-mediated hepatocellular damage (evidenced by circulating immune complexes) in hepatitis B virus infection, gradually disappearing during recovery from acute hepatitis or persisting indefinitely in chronic active hepatitis. AUBiglino A; Cariti G; Gioannini P EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p201-6 MJHepatitis B; Interferons; Liver MNAcute Disease; Adult; Antigen-Antibody Complex /AN; Chronic Disease; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens /AN; Hepatitis B /IM; Hepatitis, Chronic Active /BL /IM; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (Thy-1 antigen); 11028-71-0 (Concanavalin A); 446-86-6 (Azathioprine); 78922-62-0 (Thymic Factor, Circulating) IS0021-2547 LAEnglish JCAKG SBM UI86000139 TIPR8 influenza virus infection impairs serum thymic activity levels and thymus-derived immune functions in mice. ABThe levels of serum thymic activity (STA), the Thy-1.2 positivity of spleen ╥spontaneous╙ rosette-forming cells (SSRFCs) (measured in terms of Az sensitivity), as well as the blastogenic response to specific mitogens for T-lymphocytes, were studied in Balb/C mice after intranasal infection with A/PR/8/34 (HON1) influenza virus. As early as 12 hours, and more drastically, 24 hours the levels of STA were profoundly decreased after virus infection. Spleen Az sensitivity and blastogenic response of thymocytes and splenocytes to stimulation with Concanavalin A and Phytohemagglutinin, respectively, were depressed only later (day 2 or 3). These changes remain evident for about 1 week and later revert to normal values. All of the effects described are dose-dependent and appear to be virus related. Thence the PR8 virus infection initially induces a decrease of STA levels and secondly a impairment of thymus-derived immune functions. AUDel Gobbo V; Calio-Villani N ; Garaci E; Calio R EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p207-15 MJOrthomyxovirus Infections; T Lymphocytes; Thymic Factor, Circulating; Thymus Hormones MNAntigens, Surface /AN; Azathioprine /PD; Cell Division; Concanavalin A /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Lymphocyte Transformation /DE; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Orthomyxoviruses Type A; Phytohemagglutinins /PD; Rosette Formation; Spleen /DE; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0021-2547 LAEnglish JCAKG SBM UI86000140 TIIn vitro cellular immune response in mice and rabbits immunized with Trichinella spiralis antigen. ABThe possibility of using cell mediated immune response as a diagnostic tool has been investigated with T. spiralis laboratory/model. The feasibility of a in vitro microculture method to measure blast cell activity of lymphoblasts in mice experimentally infected with T. spiralis muscle larvae or immunized with soluble crude antigen and the lymphoproliferative response in immunized rabbits was demonstrated. The obtained results suggest that the cell mediated immune response from blood lymphocytes may be very useful to diagnose early parasite infections. AUPalmas C; Conchedda M; Bortoletti G; Gabriele F EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p216-21 MJAntigens, Helminth; Trichinella; Trichinosis MNImmunity, Cellular; Immunization; Lymph Nodes /CY; Lymphocyte Transformation; Mice, Inbred C57BL /PS; Mice; Rabbits MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0021-2547 LAEnglish JCAKG SBM UI86000141 TIMixed Schistosoma infection in an asymptomatic patient. ABWe report a case of a male, 26 years old Egyptian patient, who was investigated for a long-lasting hepatomegaly and altered transaminase levels. No symptom was reported. Liver biopsy and intestinal biopsy were positive for S. mansoni ova. Urine test initially showed negativity for S. haematobium ova, which only appeared with subsequent investigation, in spite of lack of urinary symptomatology. AUMorelli R; Vigano P ; Perna MC; Borzio M; Mariscotti C; Galli M; Cargnel A EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p222-5 MJLiver; Schistosomiasis Haematobia; Schistosomiasis Mansoni MNAdult; Biopsy; Parasite Egg Count; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma mansoni MTCase Report; Human; Male RN18683-91-5 (Ambroxol); 3572-43-8 (Bromhexine) IS0021-2547 LAEnglish JCAKG SBM UI86000144 TIEffect of ambroxol on human phagocytic cell function. ABThe in vitro effects of ambroxol on phagocytic and microbicidal activities of human neutrophils and monocytes have been studied. Preincubation of neutrophils with ambroxol (10 to 100 ng/ml) had no effect on their phagocytic or microbicidal capacities. On the other hand, when monocytes were preincubated for 24 hours with ambroxol a significant increase of their microbicidal activity was observed, without effect on the phagocytic properties. AUCapsoni F; Ongari AM; Minonzio F; Lazzarin A; Zavattini G EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p236-9 MJAmbroxol; Bromhexine MNCandida Albicans; Neutrophils /DE /IM; Phagocytosis /DE; Time Factors MTHuman; In Vitro IS0021-2547 LAItalian JCAKG SBM UI86000145 TI[Sero-epidemiological results in subjects receiving a renal transplant] ABIn this study a sero-epidemiological investigation on 127 renal allograft recipients was examined. In these patients, treated with Cyclosporine A or conventional drugs, antibody response to various antigens (Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex, Varicellae/Zoster and Mycoplasma pneumoniae) was examined. The data were compared to the healthy population and dialyzed subjects. AURivanera D; Lorino G; Dessy P; Mancini C; Filadoro F; Pretagostini R; Alfani D TT[Indagine sieroepidemiologica in soggetti sottoposti a trapianto renale.] EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p240-3 MJKidney; Transplantation Immunology MNAdolescence; Adult; Antibodies, Viral /AN; Antibody Formation; Cyclosporins /TU; Cytomegaloviruses /IM; Hemodialysis; Herpesvirus Hominis /IM; Middle Age; Mycoplasma Pneumoniae /IM; Varicella-Zoster Virus /IM MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0021-2547 LAItalian JCAKG SBM UI86000146 TI[Description of a case of type E botulism in Italy] ABThe authors report the first documented italian case of type E botulism. The initial symptoms were typical permitting prompt diagnosis; the symptoms became severe and the patient had to be moved to intensive care. Biological tests on guinea-pigs showed the presence of type E botulin toxin in the tuna (stored in oil) which the patient had eaten 24 hours prior to admission. This tuna had been caught near the mediterranean coast of Spain several months earlier and canned at home. The authors emphasize that, even though this fish was imported, there is a danger that this intoxication could, in the future, be more widely observed. AUMongiardo N; De Rienzo B; Zanchetta G; Pellegrino F; Barbieri GC; Nannetti A; Squadrini F TT[Descrizione di un caso di botulismo di tipo E in Italia.] EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p244-6 MJBotulism MNAdult; Biological Assay; Botulinum Toxins /AN; Fish Products; Food Contamination; Guinea Pigs; Tuna MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Case Report; Female; Human RNEC 2.3.2.2 (Gamma-Glutamyltransferase) IS0021-2547 LAEnglish JCAKG SBM UI86000147 TIEpidemiological value of the gamma-glutamyltransferase test in Salmonella typhimurium. ABThe simple and rapid method of Giammanco et al. (1980) has been used for the detection of the gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) by means of a chromogenic substrate in 803 endemic and epidemic strains of Salmonella typhimurium from Southern Italy. About 20% of the strains have been proved gamma-GT negative. Both in endemic and epidemic isolates, negative and positive strains were respectively belonging to different phage types. The reported data suggest that the presence or absence of the gamma-GT in S. typhimurium is an epidemiological marker quickly and easily detectable by the described chromogenic test. AUNastasi A; Massenti MF; Pignato S EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p247-8 MJGamma-Glutamyltransferase; Salmonella Typhimurium MNChromogenic Compounds; Disease Outbreaks; Epidemiologic Methods; Salmonella Food Poisoning /DI MTHuman RN64211-45-6 (oxiconazole) IS0006-6648 LAItalian JCAK0 UI86000148 TI[Treatment of vaginal candidiasis with a new imidazole derivative, oxiconazole] AUCetera C TT[Trattamento della candidiasi vaginale con un nuovo derivato imidazolico, l'oxiconazolo.] EM8601 SOBoll Chim Farm (Italy), Apr 1985, 124(4) p13S-20S MJAntifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Imidazoles MNAdolescence; Adult; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0006-6648 LAItalian JCAK0 UI86000149 TI[Characterization of plant extracts of pharmaceutical importance] AUPifferi G TT[Caratterizzazione degli estratti vegetali di interesse farmaceutico.] EM8601 SOBoll Chim Farm (Italy), Apr 1985, 124(4) p157-70 MJPlant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal MCEnglish Abstract IS0006-6648 LAEnglish JCAK0 UI86000150 TIMicrobiological assay methods of some cephalosporins. AUCoppi G; Alberti D EM8601 SOBoll Chim Farm (Italy), Apr 1985, 124(4) p171-7 MJBacteria; Cephalosporins MNMicrobial Sensitivity Tests RN73931-96-1 (denzimol) IS0006-6648 LAItalian JCAK0 UI86000151 TI[HPLC method for the determination of plasma and tissue levels of denzimol hydrochloride] AUAbbiati GA; Restelli G; Graziani G; Testa R TT[Metodo in cromatografia liquida ad alta risoluzione per la determinazione dei livelli plasmatici e tissutali di denzimolo cloridrato.] EM8601 SOBoll Chim Farm (Italy), Apr 1985, 124(4) p178-85 MJImidazoles MNChromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Imidazoles /BL MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN1339-63-5 (Ubiquinone); 303-98-0 (coenzyme Q10) IS0006-6648 LAItalian JCAK0 UI86000152 TI[Ubidecarenone (coenzyme Q10) in the therapy of chronic cor pulmonale] AUGini M; Schiavi M; Mazzola C TT[L'ubidecarenone (Coenzima Q10) nella terapia del cuore polmonare cronico.] EM8601 SOBoll Chim Farm (Italy), Apr 1985, 124(4) p21S-28S MJPulmonary Heart Disease; Ubiquinone MNAdult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Middle Age; Ubiquinone /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN1339-63-5 (Ubiquinone); 303-98-0 (coenzyme Q10) IS0006-6648 LAItalian JCAK0 UI86000153 TI[Comparison of the relative bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 in two tablet preparations. The use of coenzyme Q10 in geriatric gynecologic surgery] AUMazzari MG TT[Confronto sulla biodisponibilita relativa del Co-Q10 in due preparazioni in compresse. L'impiego del Coenzima Q10 in chirurgia ginecologica geriatrica.] EM8601 SOBoll Chim Farm (Italy), Apr 1985, 124(4) p29S-36S MJGenital Diseases, Female; Ubiquinone MNAged; Biological Availability; Middle Age; Tablets; Ubiquinone /ME /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Female; Human RN9007-49-2 (DNA); 9010-34-8 (Thyroglobulin) IS0037-8771 LAItalian JCALS UI86000154 TI[Chromosome mapping by in situ hybridization of cloned human DNA sequences] AUPatracchini P; Calzolari E; Aiello V; Contiero MR; Del Senno L; Gambari R; Marchetti G; Bernardi F TT[Localizzazione cromosomica mediante ibridazione ╥in situ╙ di sequenze di DNA umano clonate.] EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p475-82 MJChromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Human; Cloning, Molecular; DNA MNBase Sequence; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Thyroglobulin /GE MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0037-8771 LAItalian JCALS UI86000155 TI[Ultrastructural aspects of gonadotrophic cells of the rat after stimulation with acupuncture] AUBaratta L; Baratta B; Marchi F; Carretti F TT[Aspetti ultrastrutturali delle cellule gonadotrope del ratto dopo stimolazione con agopuntura.] EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p483-90 MJAcupuncture; Gonadotropins; Pituitary Gland, Anterior /UL MNPituitary Gland, Anterior /SE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN1135-24-6 (ferulic acid) IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000156 TIFluorescent protein bodies in Cercis siliquastrum L. endosperm. AURiggio Bevilacqua L; Gastaldo P; Profumo P; Martinucci R EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p491-7 MJPlant Proteins; Trees MNCoumaric Acids /AN; Microscopy, Fluorescence MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN37270-94-3 (Platelet Factor 4) IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000157 TIPF,VIII/vWF,B-TG and PF4 in diabetic subjects, both type 1 and 2, with and without retinopathy. AUGuastamacchia E; Di Paolo S; Santoro G; Damato A; Nardelli GM; Giorgino R EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p499-505 MJBeta Globulins; Beta-Thromboglobulin; Diabetic Retinopathy; Factor VIII; Platelet Factor 4; Von Willebrand Factor MNDiabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /BL; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent /BL; Middle Age MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN15676-16-1 (Sulpiride); 24305-27-9 (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone); 24526-64-5 (Nomifensine); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 9002-67-9 (LH); 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin); 9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0037-8771 LAItalian JCALS UI86000159 TI[Radio-hormonal study (radioimmunoassay) in young women with functional hyperprolactinemia. 1) Analysis in basal states] AUMelloni GF; Catenazzo G; Torri A; Fiorenza AM; Melloni R; Scarazatti E TT[Studio radioormonale (R.I.A.) in giovani donne con iperprolattinemia funzionale. 1) Analisi in condizioni basali.] EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p515-22 MJHyperprolactinemia MNAdult; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone /DU; LH /BL; Nomifensine /DU; Prolactin /BL; Radioimmunoassay; Sulpiride /DU; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone /DU; Thyrotropin /BL MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN51481-61-9 (Cimetidine); 66357-35-5 (Ranitidine); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0037-8771 LAItalian JCALS UI86000161 TI[Plasma variations in prolactin half-way through treatment with H2-antagonists] AUCataldo MG; Salvia A; Campisi D; Bivona A; Militello A; Rotolo G; Paterna S TT[Variazioni plasmatiche della prolattina durante trattamento a medio termine con H2-antagonisti.] EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p531-8 MJCimetidine; Duodenal Ulcer; Prolactin; Ranitidine MNAdult; Duodenal Ulcer /DT; Middle Age; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (digitalis receptor) IS0037-8771 LAItalian JCALS UI86000162 TI[Radiometric analysis of digitalis receptors in intact human red cells] AUScaglianti G; Pelizzola D; Giovannini G; Valier G; Bernardoni R; Soffritti E; Piffanelli A TT[Dosaggio radiometrico dei recettori della digitale sui globuli rossi umani interi.] EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p539-45 MJErythrocytes; Receptors, Drug MNRadiometry MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN128-53-0 (Ethylmaleimide); 492-18-2 (Mersalyl) IS0037-8771 LAItalian JCALS UI86000163 TI[Changes induced by sulfhydryl reagents in the membrane potential of rat liver mitochondria] AUMarzulli D; Lofrumento NE TT[Modificazioni indotte dai reagenti sulfidrilici sul potenziale di membrana dei mitocondri di fegato di ratto.] EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p547-54 MJDiuretics, Mercurial; Ethylmaleimide; Mersalyl; Mitochondria, Liver /UL MNBiological Transport; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials /DE; Mitochondria, Liver /DE; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Phosphates /ME; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine) IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000164 TIShort term stimulation of lipogenesis by triiodothyronine in rat hepatocyte cultures. AUCocco T; Petragallo VA; Gnoni GV EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p555-62 MJLipids; Liver /ME; Triiodothyronine MNCells, Cultured; Cholesterol /BI; Fatty Acids /BI; Hypothyroidism /ME; Liver /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male IS0037-8771 LAItalian JCALS UI86000165 TI[Reactivity to somatic stimuli of callosal single fibers in the awake cat] AUFranchi G; Guandalini P; Spidalieri G TT[Reattivita' a stimoli somatici di singole fibre callosali nel gatto sveglio.] EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p563-9 MJCorpus Callosum; Nerve Fibers; Physical Stimulation; Wakefulness MNCats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0037-8771 LAItalian JCALS UI86000166 TI[Analysis of conduction in somatosensory pathways in man] AUManca M; Cristofori MC; Tugnoli V; Bottoni M; Eleopra R; Serra G TT[Analisi della conduzione della via somatosensoriale nell'uomo.] EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p571-6 MJNeural Conduction MNAdult; Ankle /IR; Body Height; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Tibial Nerve /PH MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000167 TIA model of writing performance: evidence from a dysgraphic patient with an ╥allographic╙ writing disorder. AUDe Bastiani P; Barry C; Monetti VC; Di Palma G EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p577-82 MJHandwriting MNMiddle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000168 TIA model of spelling production: evidence from phonological dysgraphia in Italian. AUDe Bastiani P; Barry C; Granieri E; Luongo L EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p583-9 MJLanguage Disorders; Phonetics MNHandwriting MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000169 TIA model of oral reading: evidence from an Italian acquired phonological dyslexic patient. AUDe Bastiani P; Barry C; Granieri E; Luongo L EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p591-8 MJDyslexia; Phonetics; Reading MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000170 TIEffect of dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on brain fatty acid composition in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). AUPagliarani A; Pirini M; Trigari G; Ventrella V EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p599-606 MJBrain Chemistry; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids MNFishes MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate) IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000171 TIDietary oils and oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. AUSolaini G; Maranesi M; Biagi PL EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p607-13 MJDietary Fats; Mitochondria, Liver /ME; Oils; Oxidative Phosphorylation MNAdenosine Diphosphate /ME; Adenosine Triphosphate /ME; Fatty Acids /AN; Mitochondria, Liver /DE; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN0 (1,7-diethylguanosine); 118-00-3 (Guanosine); 759-73-9 (Ethylnitrosourea); 9014-25-9 (RNA, Transfer) IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000172 TIChemical carcinogenesis. III. Ring-cleaved derivatives of 1,7-diethylguanosine in tRNA ethylated in vivo and in vitro with ethylnitrosourea. AUKanduc D; Casalino E; Liuzzi MG; Gentile VM EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p615-8 MJEthylnitrosourea; Guanosine; RNA, Transfer MNAlkylation; Guanosine /PD; Rats; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Structure-Activity Relationship MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (hemoglobin Torino) IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000173 TIFunctional properties of the unstable Hb-Torino: alpha 43 (CD-1) Phe-Val. AURicco G; Scaroina F; Burzio P; Bertello PD; Vietti-Ramus G; Gallione S; Gurioli L; Montinaro E EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p619-26 MJAnemia, Hemolytic; Hemoglobins, Abnormal MNAnemia, Hemolytic /FG; Heterozygote; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Oxyhemoglobins /ME MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-13-6 (Urea) IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000174 TIAge and/or sex differences of blood glucose and urea in school children. AUSapigni T; Castagnetti L; Franceschetti M; Artucci G; Panigada C EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p627-32 MJBlood Glucose; Urea MNAdolescence; Age Factors; Child; Reference Values; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000176 TIEtiopathogenic theory of ileocecocolic intussusception. ABRight hemicolectomy was done in a three and a half month old infant presenting irreductible acute intestinal intussusception. Analysis of the anatomical specimen allowed confirmation of the authors' histological theory on the genesis of infantile intussusception. Histological study demonstrated the key elements of this theory: thickness of the cecal musculosa clearly less than that of the right colon, thereby accounting for the lesser resistance of the former; contribution to the outer longitudinal muscle fibers of the ileum and colon to the constitution of the ileocecal valve commissures. These longitudinal muscle fibers did not span across the base of the ileocecal valve. AUScheye T ; Dechelotte P; Vanneuville G EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p103-6 MJIleocecal Valve; Intussusception MNColon /PA; Ileal Diseases /PA; Ileum /PA; Infant MTHuman IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000177 TIUltrasonographic anatomy and physiology of the fetal kidney. ABThe aim of this work was to demonstrate the impact of ultrasonography in utero to gain a better understanding of the anatomy, growth, anatomical variations and function of the fetal kidney and urinary tract. Three main topics are discussed in this paper based on the authors' personal experience and data from the literature: 1) the technique of ultrasonography in utero, including the main difficulties encountered and limitations of this technique; 2) ultrasonographic study of the morphology, growth and anatomical variations of the fetal kidney. The length of the fetal kidney was found to be the most significant parameter for assessment of its growth. At term, the kidney measures slightly more than 4 cm in length, while the renal pelvis is usually no more than 10 mm thick; 3) current knowledge of the physiology of the fetal urinary apparatus especially the kidney. Excretory function of the kidney begins in the third month of gestation and its main role involves the regulation of the amniotic fluid. AUDuval JM; Milon J; Langella B; Blouet JM; Coadou Y; Le Marec B; Vialard J EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p107-23 MJKidney /EM; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNFetal Development; Kidney /AB /AH; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Urinary Tract /AH /EM MTFemale; Human RN7727-43-7 (Barium Sulfate) IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000178 TITubular colonic duplications. A case report and literature review. ABTubular colonic duplication is a rare abnormality. The authors report here on a patient with rather nonspecific symptoms, whose abnormality was only discovered at operation. The good results obtained by a simple operative treatment of such forms contrast with the difficulties arising in clinical and radiological diagnosis. The characteristics of tubular colonic duplication are pointed out, which set it apart from all other types of duplication. AUEspalieu P; Balique JG; Cuilleret J EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p125-30 MJColon MNBarium Sulfate /DU; Colon /RA; Enema; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000179 TIA gliding space between the femoral artery and inguinal ligament: mechanism of formation of false aneurysm. ABFalse aneurysms preferentially arise in the inguinal region subsequent to aorto-femoral bypass. This finding suggests that the position of the inguinal ligament against the anterior surface of the prosthesis may be an etiological factor. Description of the inguinal region, forming a borderline between the trunk and thigh and specific to the erect posture, has been the subject of many anatomical studies. These papers describe mainly the relations between the vascular sheath of the femoral artery, the fascia transversalis and inguinal ligament. Based on a series of anatomical dissections we have found a gliding space between the femoral artery and inguinal ligament. This finding has led us to propose section of the fibrous portion of the inguinal ligament and the insertion of free omentum between the arch of the ligament and prosthesis in order to prevent false aneurysm. Preliminary results obtained with this technique are satisfactory. AUFerdani M; Delpero JR; Courbier R EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p131-5 MJAneurysm; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Femoral Artery; Inguinal Canal; Ligaments MNAorta /SU; Femoral Artery /SU MTHuman IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000180 TIRotation and forward displacement of the right kidney in hepatomegaly. ABIn a dissecting room cadaver, with an enormously enlarged liver, the right kidney was found rotated and displaced forward and downward. The anterior (inferior) pole of this kidney appeared bulging under the inferior border of the liver, reaching the anterior abdominal wall. An explanation for the changes which occurred during the development of the hepatomegaly and resulted in the displacement of the kidney are analyzed. The practical clinical implications that such a variation may have, either diagnostic or surgical, are stressed. The findings in the left kidney or an aberrant inferior polar artery, arching around and compressing the renal vein, are also described and analyzed. AUNathan H; Zerbino V EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p137-41 MJHepatomegaly; Kidney MNCadaver; Renal Artery /AH MTHuman; Male IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000181 TIA new ligament: the ╥gastro-pancreatic╙. ABThe authors wish to draw attention to the gastro-pancreatic ligament (gastropancreaticus), no description of which is to be found in the usual anatomy text-books or in literature. The presence of this anatomic element can suggest new interpretations of the embryological development of the pancreas. AUErenbourg L; Reggiani P EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p143-4 MJLigaments; Pancreas; Stomach MTHuman IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000182 TIAnatomy in Britain 1985 [editorial] AUCoupland RE EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p73-4 MJAnatomy; Education, Medical MNEngland MTHuman IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000183 TIClinical anatomy in France is twenty years late: a chance to be seized [editorial] AUHureau J EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p75-6 MJAnatomy; Education, Medical MNFrance MTHuman IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000184 TIAnatomical study of digital compression of the vertebral artery at its origin and at the suboccipital triangle. ABManual compression of the vertebral artery is used in routine clinical practice for diagnosis of positional hemodynamic vertebro-basilar insufficiency (VBI). The supraclavicular and suboccipital areas were carefully dissected in 20 cadavers. Anatomical variations observed on dissection were compared to angiographic data from 150 patients and data from the literature. Objective results of manual compression of the vertebral artery can be obtained by sonography. In patients with VBI, such compression induces signs of reversible cerebellar or brain stem ischemia, whereas no signs are observed in patients without VBI. AUVitte E; Feron JM; Guerin-Surville H ; Koskas F EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p77-82 MJVertebral Artery; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency MNCadaver; Constriction MTHuman IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000185 TILymphaticovenous communications. Role of the lymph nodes. ABThere is a physiological necessity for the existence of lymphaticovenous communications in points other than the terminal entry of the lymphatic trunks into the superior caval system. These communications are frequently seen, as well in clinical practice as in experimentation, when there is an obstacle to the downstream lymphatic flow, but their exact nature cannot be determined. We have been able to demonstrate on the rat that such communications are established within the lymph nodes. We shall discuss the physiological importance of our findings together with a review of the literature and consider their clinical and therapeutic consequences. AUHidden G; Menard P; Zorn JY EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p83-91 MJLymph Nodes; Lymphatic System; Veins MNLymph Nodes /BS; Rats MTAnimal IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000186 TIRadiological anatomy of the bile ducts based on intraoperative investigation in 250 cases. ABIntraoperative cholangiograms were studied in 250 patients. Analysis of the data obtained led to the establishment of a protocol for intraoperative cholangiography aimed at identification of anatomical anomalies and variations. Diagnosis of the latter must be achieved in order to avoid possible intraoperative complications. The common hepatic duct was formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts in 52% of the cases studied. Absence of convergence of the posterior and anterior rami of the right hepatic duct was found in 30% of cases. Anatomical variations of the right sectorial duct system were seen in 12% of cases. Conversely, variations of the left sectorial duct system were rarely seen (2% of cases). Careful examination of the intraoperative cholangiograms led us to suspect certain anatomical variations in close to 1% of cases. These variations included abnormal hepatocystic duct, which if undiagnosed could lead to choleperitoneum or inadvertent ligation of the right hepatic duct. An abnormal hepatocystic duct terminating on the gall bladder was found in one patient. Study of the origin of the common bile duct allowed us to define the mode of termination of the cystic duct (on the right margin of the common hepatic duct in 80% of cases) and to identify a short choledochus in 2% of cases. Finally, variations of the duodenal termination of the common bile duct were studied and reflux into the pancreatic duct was seen in 27% of cases. However, the pathological significance of such reflux was rarely found. AUHeloury Y; Leborgne J; Rogez JM; Robert R; Lehur PA; Pannier M; Barbin JY EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p93-102 MJBile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Bile Ducts MNCholangiography; Common Bile Duct /AH; Hepatic Duct, Common /AH; Intraoperative Care; Pancreatic Ducts /AH MTHuman RNEC 3.6.1.- (calcium magnesium ATPase); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium); 67-42-5 (EGTA); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 8002-80-0 (Gluten) IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000196 TIIsolation and physicochemical and functional properties of a calcium binding gluten fraction. ABEach milligram gluten protein isolated from bread contains 0.03-0.06 mumol calcium. On theoretical grounds we have concluded that this calcium quantity is bound to the free carboxyl groups not participating in peptide bonds of dicarbonic aminoacids, especially glutaminic acid, making up a large proportion within the aminoacids of gluten. After treatment with EGTA, a well-known calcium complex forming compound, two gluten fractions can be distinguished: water-soluble gluten-ES, and gluten-EP soluble in acetic acid. The aminoacid composition of gluten-ES is similar to that of unfractionated gluten. It is rich in aminodicarbonic acid (glu), aminodicarbonic acid amide (gln) and proline. Further properties of gluten-ES are: immunological similarity to gluten; a molecular mass of 36 000 dalton; an absorption maximum at 275.6 nm; a Ca2+-binding capacity of 0.72 mumol Ca2+/mg protein as measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and by Ca2+ ion selective electrode; inhibitory effect of a small quantity (25-30 micrograms) of the compound on the Ca2+-Mg2+ dependent ATPase and Ca2+-uptake of fragmented sarcoplasmatic reticulum. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated that gluten-ES has an influence on other calcium ion mediated systems like actomyosin superprecipitation. We put forward the hypothesis that by its Ca2+-binding capacity, gluten-ES is capable of influencing the level of free calcium and may thus play a part in the pathomechanism of coeliac disease. AUSzabolcs M; Nagy Z; Jeney F; Csorba S EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p101-12 MJCalcium; Gluten MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium /ME; Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium /ME; Amino Acids /ME; Bread; EGTA /PD; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Gluten /ME; Rabbits; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum /ME; Solubility MTAnimal RN3617-44-5 (Phenylalanine) IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000197 TIExperience based on 800,000 newborn screening tests of the Budapest Phenylketonuria Centre. AB800 000 newborns were screened for hyperphenylalaninaemia by the Guthrie-test in the Budapest PKU Centre in the 10 and a half years since 1 May, 1973. The blood samples were taken from mature newborns on the fifth and from premature babies on the fourteenth day of life. All infants exhibiting a level equal to or exceeding 12 mg/dl were telegraphically invited to the Centre and those having a level of 15 mg/dl or higher were put on an appropriate diet. The patients were classified according to the result of the phenylalanine tolerance 73 were found to have classical phenylketonuria and 15 had atypical phenylketonuria. The total incidence of phenylketonuria was thus 1: 9091. The mean age at introduction of diet was 30 +/- 15 days during the first period, while 21 +/- 11 days during the second period. Infants having an initial value of 4-12 mg/dl were kept under continuous control; among them 69 were found to have benign hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA). The PKU/HPA ratio amounted to 1.28. Both screening and care were carried out by the Centre, and the practice of care is described in detail. A preliminary evaluation of the therapeutical results with a view of the patients' social class is offered. Phenylalanine levels during the diet were greatly influenced by the familial background and the sociocultural environment. AUSzabo L ; Somogyi C; Mate M EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p113-25 MJChild Health Services; Mass Screening; Phenylketonuria /OC MNHungary; Infant, Newborn; Phenylalanine /BL; Phenylketonuria /DH MTHuman RN13392-18-2 (Fenoterol); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000198 TIInfluence of beta-receptor stimulation on catecholamine and phospholipid concentrations in lungs of fetal rabbits. ABIt was studied whether the beta-receptor stimulating fenoterol had any influence on endogenous catecholamines in the lung tissue of fetuses. On the 23rd, 27th and 31st days of pregnancy, concentrations of noradrenaline and dopamine in the lung homogenate of mature and immature rabbit fetuses were determined by fluorometry, and the basic surfactant components total phospholipids and lecithin by colorimetry, in a group receiving beta-mimetic treatment and in a control group receiving physiological salt solution. The concentration of noradrenaline decreased with the progression of pregnancy but the concentration of dopamine did not change significantly. Application of fenoterol caused an increase in total phospholipids and lecithin in the lungs of 23 and 27 day old rabbit fetuses and decreased the concentration of catecholamines, especially of noradrenaline. The drug had no such effect in mature (31 day) fetuses. AUUrban J; Dzienis K EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p127-32 MJDopamine; Fenoterol; Lung; Norepinephrine; Phospholipids; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta MNFetal Organ Maturity /DE; Lung /ME; Phosphatidylcholines /ME; Pregnancy; Rabbits MTAnimal; Female IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000199 TIBronchial hyperreactivity after infantile obstructive bronchitis. ABA follow-up study was performed on 406 patients treated for infantile obstructive bronchitis during the period between 1964 and 1973. Their mean age was 12.6 years at the time of the study. The male: female ratio was 1.7. Forty-three patients (11%) became asthmatic within 10 years after onset of the wheezy episode of infancy. In one-third of the 363 non-asthmatic children, bronchial hyperreactivity was shown by acetylcholine and histamine provocation. There was a significant correlation between the number of recurrent obstructive episodes and the length of the period of recurrent wheezing on the one hand and bronchial hyperreactivity on the other hand. AUPoder G ; Mezei G; Romhanyi I ; Veress G; Somogyvari P EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p133-8 MJAsthma; Bronchitis; Bronchi MNAdolescence; Asthma /PP; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Child; Follow-Up Studies; Respiratory Sounds /ET /PP; Risk; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN7440-70-2 (Calcium); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000200 TIEffect of oral and intravenous calcium load on glucose-induced insulin secretion in obese children. ABThe effect of intravenous (IV) (10 ml of 10% calcium gluconate) and oral (3 g calcium) calcium on plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and blood glucose levels was investigated during intravenous (0.5 g/kg bwt. glucose) and oral (1.75 g/kg bwt. glucose) glucose tolerance test in 21 control (body fat 14.0 +/- 0.5%) and 34 obese (body fat 36.1 +/- 0.7%) children. Calcium given before IV glucose tolerance test and IV or oral calcium by itself did not alter blood glucose and plasma IRI concentrations in either group. Oral calcium load significantly increased the glucose-induced IRI response and decreased the blood glucose levels in obese children with impaired glucose tolerance (n = 7) compared to the levels without calcium. Since IV calcium did not alter the plasma IRI concentration, it has been assumed that oral calcium exerts its effect by influencing the secretion of an insulin secretogogue gastrointestinal factor (gastric inhibitory polypeptide ?). This effect, however, was observed only in obese children with impaired glucose tolerance. AUMolnar D ; Dober H EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p139-45 MJCalcium; Insulin /SE; Obesity MNBlood Glucose /AN; Calcium /PH; Child; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin /BL MTFemale; Human; Male IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000201 TIChromatographic screening of 70,328 neonates for inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. ABBetween the years 1974 and 1984, amino acid chromatography was performed from dried blood spots and partly from urine of 70 328 neonates. Six cases of phenylketonuria, one histidinaemia, one hyperglycinaemia and three cystinurias were found. Since all these could have been detected by other methods, the regional screening was discontinued in agreement with international recommendations. AUMehes K ; Juhasz E ; Ruszinko V EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p147-9 MJAmino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Mass Screening MNChromatography, Thin Layer; Hungary; Infant, Newborn MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000202 TICoincidence of paternal 13pYq translocation and maternal increased 13p NOR activity in a child with arthrogryposis and other malformations. ABCytogenetic examination of a boy with congenital multiple arthrogryposis, VSD and dysmorphic facies revealed a probable t(Y; 13)(q?; p1) translocation and three NOR-positive dots on one of the chromosomes 13. The latter variant could be followed in the family of the mother, the 13/Y translocation was found in the relatives of the father. Since all the family members affected by one or the other cytogenetic anomaly were healthy, the abnormal phenotype of the propositus was interpreted as coincidence by chance. AUBajnoczky K ; Meggyessy V EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p151-6 MJArthrogryposis; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15; Facial Bones; Nucleolus Organizer Region; Translocation (Genetics); Y Chromosome MNAdult; Chromosome Banding; Infant; Karyotyping; Pedigree; Phenotype; Variation (Genetics) MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000203 TIRing chromosome 4: Wolf syndrome and unspecific developmental anomalies. ABA new case of ring chromosome 4 in a 18-month-old girl is described. The patient presented extreme growth failure, psychomotor retardation, and some features of 4p deletion or Wolf syndrome. No significant loss of genetic material could be seen by G-banding technique (breakpoints p16q35). The ring was found to be unstable both in lymphocyte and fibroblast culture and a substantial proportion of aneuploid cells containing derivatives of the ring could be observed. An increased cell death-rate could be detected by cell viability determination with trypan blue in the first subculture of skin fibroblasts. It is suggested that this finding is a consequence of behavioural instability of the ring at mitosis existing probably in vivo as well. The clinical and cytogenetic findings in this patient were compared with those in the other 16 cases with ring 4 published so far. It is suggested that the phenotype in patients with this chromosomal anomaly is a mixture of phenotypic abnormalities generated by both the chromosomal deletion prior to ring formation (features of Wolf syndrome) and the behavioural instability of the ring at mitosis (unspecific developmental anomalies). AUKosztolanyi G EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p157-65 MJChromosome Aberrations; Chromosomes, Human, 4-5; Growth Disorders; Psychomotor Disorders; Ring Chromosomes MNCell Survival; Chromosome Banding; Chromosome Deletion; Fibroblasts /UL; Infant; Lymphocytes /UL; Mitosis; Phenotype; Syndrome MTCase Report; Female; Human RNEC 1.1.1.49 (Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase); EC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Aminotransferase); EC 2.7.4.3 (Adenylate Kinase); EC 2.7.5.1 (Phosphoglucomutase); EC 3.1.- (esterase D); EC 3.1.1 (Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases); EC 3.1.3.2 (Acid Phosphatase); EC 3.5.4.4 (Adenosine Deaminase); EC 4.4.1.5 (Lactoyl Glutathione Lyase) IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000204 TIErythrocyte enzyme allotypes in the X-linked recessive disorders, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and haemophilia-A hemizygotes and heterozygotes. ABThe erythrocyte enzyme-systems acid phosphatase, phosphoglucomutase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, adenosine desaminase, adenylate kinase, glyoxase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and esterase-D-isoenzyme phenotypes were studied for their percentile distribution and were compared with their incidence in the diseases with X-linked recessive heredity, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and haemophilia-A, in hemizygous male children and heterozygous mothers. Considering the frequency distribution of the above mentioned isoenzyme phenotypes of the enzyme-systems in DMD, the phenotypes proved to be homogeneous, only the X transmitted 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) isoenzyme types were found to be genetic markers in DMD hemizygotes and heterozygotes. In these genotypes the 6-PGD A phenotype showed a decrease while the phenotypes 6-PGD AB and B were significantly increased. The adenylate kinase (AK) 2-1 isoenzyme phenotype was increased to 25% against the population frequency of 6.34%, while the AK 1-1 phenotype occurred in 75% against its population frequency of 93.59%, showing a significantly decreasing tendency in haemophilia-A hemizygotes and heterozygotes. AULaszlo A ; Kosa F ; Zimanyi I ; Egyed A EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p87-96 MJEnzymes; Erythrocytes; Genes, Recessive; Hemophilia /FG; Isoenzymes; Muscular Dystrophy /FG; X Chromosome MNAcid Phosphatase /GE; Adenosine Deaminase /GE; Adenylate Kinase /GE; Alanine Aminotransferase /GE; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases /GE; Gene Frequency; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase /GE; Hemophilia /EN; Heterozygote; Lactoyl Glutathione Lyase /GE; Linkage (Genetics); Muscular Dystrophy /EN; Phenotype; Phosphoglucomutase /GE MTFemale; Human; Male IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000205 TISubacute sclerosing panencephalitis in twins. ABDevelopment of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis after measles has been observed in twins although the disease seems to be quite exceptional in members of the same family, and no report has been found on its occurrence in twins. AUMichalowicz R; Karkowska B; Ignatowicz R; Michalkiewicz J; Wyszkowski J EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p97-9 MJDiseases in Twins; Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis /FG MNChild; Measles /CO; Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis /ET; Time Factors MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000206 TI[Afferent projections to the motor cortex--a hodological review] AUMizuno N EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p529-43 MJMotor Cortex; Pyramidal Tracts MNAction Potentials; Afferent Pathways /PH; Cerebellar Nuclei /PH; Electric Stimulation; Motor Neurons /PH; Neurons, Afferent /PH; Thalamic Nuclei /PH MCReview MTAnimal IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000207 TI[Long-term follow-up study of selective VIM-thalamotomy] ABTo evaluate the effect of the physiologically defined selective Vim-thalamotomy on tremor type Parkinson's disease (PA, 26 cases) and essential tremor (ESS-T, 16 cases), a long-term follow-up study was conducted. The follow-up time extended from 4 months to 7 years (mean: 3.6 years). On 42 cases a total of 49 operations (4 bilateral surgery and 3 reoperations) were carried out. After identifying kinesthetic neuron, the coagulative lesion was made by using Leksell's apparatus between two needles of 4 mm effective tip length located with 3 mm interval including the recording point. One coagulation (unit lesion) destroyed about 20 mm3 brain tissue taking account of the mechanical damage by the needles themselves. The unit lesion was added around an imaginary cylinder of 3 mm radius, until the tremor was abolished completely. On the basis of number of unit lesion and its extent within an imaginary cylinder, these 49 operations were divided into the following group. Group I (minimal lesion group): coagulative lesion of 1 to 3 units within a quadrant of the imaginary cylinder. Group II: 3 to 5 units within 1/2 to one cylinder. The early (14 days after operation) and the late results on the tremor were evaluated clinically and electromyographically by 4 different categories: complete abolition, slight residual, residual, and recurrence in a strict sense. The late results in 13 PA cases of group I (similar to the early results) were: 10 complete abolition, 2 slight residual and one recurred, this case was reoperated 3 months after first operation and therefore categolized in group II. The late results in 11 ESS-T cases of group I were: 6 complete arrest, 4 slight residual, and one recurred case, which had been reoperated 2 years after operation. Therefore in a total of 24 minimal lesioned cases with PA and ESS-T complete abolition in 16, slight residual in 6, and 2 reoperated cases. In these successful 22 cases with minimal lesion, the tremor was abolished without noticeable long-lasting side effect. In other 20 cases with PA and ESS-T of group II, the tremor was almost completely relieved and maintained. In conclusion, by radiographically and physiologically controlled selective Vim thalamotomy for Parkinsonian and essential tremor, it was shown that the effect of minimal lesion was valid and well maintained on the long-term follow-up base. AUNagaseki Y; Shibazaki T; Hirai T; Kawashima Y; Hirato M; Wada H; Miyazaki M; Ohye C EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p545-54 MJParkinson Disease; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus MNAdult; Aged; Electrocoagulation; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Age; Postoperative Period; Time Factors; Tremor /SU MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN1406-18-4 (Vitamin E); 378-44-9 (Betamethasone); 87-78-5 (Mannitol) IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000208 TI[Protective effect of radical scavengers on cerebral infarction--experimental study utilizing the spin trapping method of ESR] ABTo evaluate the scavenging effect of mannitol, vitamin E and betamethasone in cerebral ischemia, spin trapping technique was applied to the detection of the free radicals generated in ischemic brain homogenate. Thirty Wistar rats were used for this study. In the control group, the brain homogenate prepared immediately after decapitation was preserved at 37 degrees C under N2 gas. Before the preservation and at 30 min, 60 min and 120 min from the start of the preservation, two reaction mixtures containing of spin trapping reagent phenyl-t-butyl nitrone (PBN), NADPH, Fe-EDTA and brain homogenate was prepared from each brain sample--one to be incubated for 20 min at 37 degrees C in air and one to be incubated in nitrogen gas under similar condition. Then the free radical adducts of PBN were measured by electron spin resonance (ESR). In pre-treated group, mannitol, vitamin E and betamethasone were administered intravenously 30 min prior to the decapitation and spin adducts of PBN were detected by same procedures as in control group. The ESR spectra, which hyperfine coupling constants were AN = 16.0-16.6 G and AH beta = 3.0-3.8 G, were obtained from the reaction mixtures in each group. Analyses of their relative intensity in control group revealed that the formation of free radical adducts of PBN was increased dependent on the preservation period under aerobic incubation, and increased gradually for 60 min of preservation time followed by a decrease under anaerobic incubation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUTomonaga T; Imaizumi S; Yoshimoto T; Suzuki J; Fujita Y EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p555-60 MJBetamethasone /AN; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Infarction; Mannitol /AN; Vitamin E /AN MNBetamethasone /AD; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electron Spin Resonance; Mannitol /AD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Vitamin E /AD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000209 TI[Study of adult cases of moyamoya disease] ABFifty-one adult patients with moyamoya disease were studied. Among these, thirteen cases, which had the history of cerebral ischemic attack during childhood, are classified as the cases of juvenile onset. The other thirty-eight cases were classified as those of adult onset. In most of the cases of juvenile onset, occlusive lesions also affected cortical arteries. For these cases, it is important to perform STA-MCA double anastomoses and encephalo-myo-synangiosis. Those of adult onset resembled the pathophysiology of internal carotid artery occlusion, or that of middle cerebral artery occlusion, since few cortical artery occlusion was noted, and leptomeningeal anastomosis was well developed. STA-MCA anastomosis was considered to be the treatment of choice in those of adult onset. AUMiyamoto S; Kikuchi H; Karasawa J; Nagata I EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p561-6 MJArterial Occlusive Diseases; Moyamoya Disease /RA MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Cerebral Hemorrhage /ET; Cerebral Ischemia /ET; Cerebral Revascularization; Middle Age; Moyamoya Disease /CO /SU; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vertebral Artery /RA MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN42399-41-7 (Diltiazem) IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000210 TI[Effect of intravenous administration of diltiazem on cerebral blood flow and brain function] ABThe effect of intravenous administration of diltiazem on cerebral circulation and brain function were studied in animals. Diltiazem, at a dose of 150 micrograms/kg BW, was administered intravenously over a period of 5 minutes beginning 30 minutes after ligation of the right brachiocephalic artery in 9 cats in order to investigate its effects in the acute stage of cerebral ischemia. In 5 animals, mean arterial blood pressure was recorded and blood flow in the basilar artery was measured transdurally by use of an ultrasonic Doppler flow-meter. Mean arterial blood pressure began to elevate immediately after ligation of the right brachiocephalic artery, but the degree of elevation was minimal. It began to fall during diltiazem injection and returned to the preadministration value 30 minutes after injection. Basilar artery flow decreased slightly during injection of diltiazem, but began to increase after completion of injection. The increase relative to the preadministration value was 62 +/- 31% 10 minutes after injection, 88 +/- 38% 20 minutes after, and 24 +/- 53% 30 minutes after. The short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (short latency SEP) recorded in the other 2 animals showed no noticeable change either in amplitude or latency during the same procedures. In 1 of 2 animals in which brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were monitored, the latency of peak IV increased after ligation of the right brachiocephalic artery, and decreased 20 minutes after injection of diltiazem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUKonishi T; Handa H; Moritake K; Suwa H; Takaya M; Takebe Y EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p567-73 MJBenzazepines; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Diltiazem /PD; Evoked Potentials, Auditory MNBlood Pressure /DE; Blood Volume /DE; Cats; Diltiazem /AD; Dogs; Injections, Intravenous MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000211 TI[A sudden-death in a case of Arnold-Chiari malformation (type I) with sleep apnea] ABWe presented a sudden-death case of Arnold-Chiari malformation (type 1) accompanied with spina bifida and closed meningomyelocele. Polysomnography revealed the increase of both central and mixed type apneas to compare with the findings of typical Pickwikian syndrome. The case: 30-year-old female without obese or obstruction of upper air way. Spina bifida and closed meningomyelocele at sacral portion were found at her birth. She had no treatment and had not been able to walk because of paralysis at low extremities. Since she was 25-year-old, she had had insomnia which accompanied by choked feelings, palpitations, clumsiness of hands and anxiety. Snoring was light, and she had neither respiratory disturbances nor hypersomnia during awake. She was admitted to our hospital for treatment of decubitus. 2nd June, 1977, she was found acrocyanosis during sleep and immediately she was resurrected. Physical examinations revealed there was no accounting for sudden respiratory arrest: the cardio-pulmonary system was normal during awake and laboratory findings also failed to disclose the episode. But she had slight dysfunctions of lower cranial nerves: fine nystagmus according to the head-position, decreased gag reflex, and paresis in the recurrence nerve of N.XII and etc. Angiography showed communicating hydrocephalus. Though ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation was performed at 8th June, sleep apnea could not be improved. Therefore we examined in order to clarify her sleep apnea. She was not obese, we could not find any obstructions of upper air way. Nocturnal polygraphy was performed at 8th July. The results were summarized as follows: (1) Total sleep time was 293 minutes and numbers of sleep apnea were 134 times.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUIwabuchi K; Miyauchi T; Kyuuma Y; Hosaka H; Kunimi Y; Yagishita S EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p575-81 MJArnold-Chiari Deformity; Death, Sudden; Sleep Apnea Syndromes MNAdult; Arnold-Chiari Deformity /PA; Brain /PA; Death, Sudden /PA; Meningomyelocele /CO; Sleep Apnea Syndromes /PP MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000212 TI[Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in a case of facial myokymia with multiple sclerosis] ABA 59-year-old female of facial myokymia with multiple sclerosis was reported. In this case, facial myokymia appeared at the same time as the first attack of multiple sclerosis, in association with paroxysmal pain and desesthesia of the neck, painful tonic seizures of the right upper and lower extremities and cervical transverse myelopathy. The facial myokymia consisted of grossly visible, continuous, fine and worm-like movement, which often began in the area of the left orbicularis oculi and spread to the other facial muscles on one side. Electromyographic studies revealed grouping of motor units and continuous spontaneous rhythmic discharges in the left orbicularis oris suggesting facial myokymia, but there were no abnormalities on voluntary contraction. Sometimes doublet or multiplet patterns occurred while at other times the bursts were of single motor potential. The respective frequencies were 3-4/sec and 40-50/sec. There was no evidence of fibrillation. The facial myokymia disappeared after 4-8 weeks of administration of prednisolone and did not recur. In the remission stage after disappearance of the facial myokymia, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging by the inversion recovery method demonstrated low intensity demyelinated plaque in the left lateral tegmentum of the inferior pons, which was responsible for the facial myokymia, but X-ray computed tomography revealed no pathological findings. The demyelinated plaque demonstrated by NMR imaging seemed to be located in the infranuclear area of the facial nerve nucleus and to involve the intramedurally root.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUKojima S; Yagishita T; Kita K; Hirayama K; Ikehira H; Fukuda N; Tateno Y EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p583-8 MJFacial Nerve Diseases; Fasciculation; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurologic Manifestations; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance MNAction Potentials; Electromyography; Facial Nerve Diseases /DI /PP; Fasciculation /DI /PP; Middle Age; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human RN81-81-2 (Warfarin); 9000-94-6 (Antithrombin III) IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000213 TI[Cerebral venous thrombosis with familial antithrombin III deficiency] ABA case of cerebral venous thrombosis with familial antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency was reported and we discussed the anticoagulant therapy of cerebral venous thrombosis from the viewpoint of AT III. The patient, a 17-year-old boy, was admitted to our clinic with severe bifrontal headache, generalized convulsions and progressive disturbance of consciousness. He developed deep vein thrombosis in his right leg and pulmonary emboli two years earlier when he was placed on heparin and so forth, followed by warfarin sodium. Warfarin was terminated 9 months prior to his recent illness. On neurological examination on admission, he was semicomatous with blurred disc margins, roving eye movements with right abducens nerve palsy, nuchal stiffness and right flaccid hemiplegia. Left carotid angiogram and CT scan revealed extensive superior sagittal sinus thrombosis, complicated with hemorrhagic infarcts in bilateral frontal lobes. When examined for coagulation studies, the patient and his father had decrease in AT III activity and antigen levels. He was treated successfully with antiedematous agents and anticonvulsants during acute phase of illness. He was thereafter placed on warfarin 5-6 mg/day with no further clinical thromboembolic event for 2 years 9 months. There was no neurological abnormality when he was last examined, although he was treated with valproic acid 1,200 mg/day and phenytoin 250 mg/day to control occasional adversive seizures. A coagulation study following infusion of 5,000 units of AT III was carried out. Warfarin was discontinued the day before the study. 0.64 U/kg of AT III administration resulted in a 1% increase in AT III level after the infusion. The biological half life of AT III was 14.4 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUKomiyama A; Kawamura M; Hirayama K; Kitano K; Oh H EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p589-94 MJAntithrombin III; Sinus Thrombosis /ET MNAdolescence; Antithrombin III /TU; Sinus Thrombosis /DT /RA; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Warfarin /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male RN25614-03-3 (Bromocriptine); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000214 TI[A case of male prolactinoma presenting extremely high serum prolactin levels and biphasic response to CB-154 suppression test] ABA 33-year-old male was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Fukui Medical School with a complaint of headache. There were no neurological deficits on admission. Craniogram demonstrated a so-called ╥phantom sella╙. A computed tomography revealed a high density mass lesion and the mass was enhanced well, that mainly extended from the sella to the left middle cranial fossa. The left carotid angiogram revealed an avascular mass lesion extending from the sella to the left middle cranial fossa. Pituitary function tests revealed an extremely high serum prolactin (PRL) levels (70, 100 ng/ml). PRL response to TRH was delayed in peak and the high level continued. Serum PRL levels elevated to 90, 800 ng/ml at 180 min after injection of TRH. A biphasic response was demonstrated in response to CB-154 suppression test to PRL secretion, that is, CB-154 stimulated PRL release initially (up to 90 min) and suppressed thereafter. Serum PRL levels (178, 400 ng/ml) reached to peak about 90 min after CB-154 administration. Response of growth hormone (GH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to insulin were also impaired. Craniotomy was performed. The tumor was partially removed and was diagnosed as a prolactinoma histologically. Tumor tissue removed was subjected to the monolayer culture and electron microscopic study. Their observations demonstrated hyperactive PRL secretion of the individual cells. A total dose of 5,000 rads was irradiated postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUKabuto M; Hayashi M; Kawano H; Handa Y; Kobayashi H; Ishii H; Shirasaki N EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p595-602 MJAdenoma /SE; Bromocriptine; Pituitary Neoplasms /SE; Prolactin /SE MNAdenoma /DI /RA; Adult; Pituitary Neoplasms /DI /RA; Prolactin /BL; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000215 TI[An autopsy case of hereditary ataxia (hereditary spastic ataxia)] ABAn autopsy case of hereditary spastic ataxia is reported. There are four family members with similar symptomatology through three generations. A 36-year-old man developed atactic gait at the age of 22 years, with following dysarthria, scanning speech, pyramidal signs, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, nystagmus and mild sensory disturbance. The clinical course was steadily progressive and terminated about 14 years after the onset. The gross examination showed smallness of the brain stem and spinal cord with marked symmetrical atrophy of the anterior and lateral columns, especially at thoracic level. Histologically, pronounced degeneration was found in the anterior and posterior spino-cerebellar tracts, spino-thalamic tracts, and spinal ganglia. The olivary nuclei, pons and cerebellum were spared. The dentate nuclei showed considerable loss of neurons with degeneration, however there were no clinical signs related to this pathology. This case is considered to fall in the group of hereditary spastic ataxia according to Greenfield's classification, however, there was no report on degeneration of the dentate nucleus in this disease for the present. Hereditary spastic ataxia is very rare disease and only four cases have well been documented in our country to the best of our knowledge. The presence of nystagmus and superficial sensory disturbance, and sparing of the posterior column of the spinal cord seems to be common clinico-pathology in Japanese cases, differing from those of foreign cases. The fact that reactive astrogliosis was immunohistochemistry demonstrated in the degenerative regions of the spinal cord and where is no discrepancy between degenerative and reparative processes as reported before is stressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUYagishita S; Nakano T; Iwabuchi K; Sakai H EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p603-9 MJCerebellar Ataxia; Spinal Cord MNAdult; Brain /PA; Cerebellar Ataxia /PA; Cerebellum /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000216 TI[Intravascular treatment of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas] AUTaki W; Handa H; Yonekawa Y; Gen J; Suzuki M; Ikada Y EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p612-5 MJArteriovenous Fistula /TH; Carotid Arteries; Cavernous Sinus; Embolization, Therapeutic MNAdult; Aneurysm /CO; Arteriovenous Fistula /ET /RA; Carotid Arteries /RA; Cavernous Sinus /RA; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000217 TI'Destructive forms of periodontal disease in adolescents and young adults' [letter] AUManson JD EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Jul 20 1985, 159(2) p36 MJPeriodontitis MNAdolescence; Adult; Periodontosis /ET MTHuman IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000218 TITeething troubles [letter] AUSimmons G EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Jul 20 1985, 159(2) p38 MJTooth Eruption MNInfant MTHuman IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000219 TIIs orthodontic screening of 9-year-old school children cost effective? AUHiles AM EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Jul 20 1985, 159(2) p41-5 MJMalocclusion /PC; Mass Screening; Orthodontics, Interceptive MNAdolescence; Child; Cost Benefit Analysis; Malocclusion /DI; Orthodontics, Preventive /EC MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000220 TIAdvice on producing an accurate impression and working cast for construction of partial dentures. AUFaigenblum MJ EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Jul 20 1985, 159(2) p45-6 MJDental Impression Technic; Dental Models; Denture, Partial MNAlginates; Dental Prosthesis Design MTHuman IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000221 TIA current view on patterns of extraction therapy in British health service orthodontics. AUBradbury AJ EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Jul 20 1985, 159(2) p47-50 MJSerial Extraction; State Medicine MNAdolescence; Adult; Bicuspid /SU; Child, Preschool; Child; Cuspid /SU; Great Britain; Patient Care Planning; Tooth, Deciduous /SU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000222 TIThe teaching of orthodontics to Bristol undergraduates. End of the beginning or beginning of the end? AUStephens CD EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Jul 20 1985, 159(2) p51-4 MJEducation, Dental; Orthodontics MNCurriculum; Education, Dental /TD; England; Forecasting; Orthodontics, Corrective; Time Factors MTHuman RN60-29-7 (Ether, Ethyl); 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide) IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000223 TI'Negotiation of obstructed canals and bleaching of teeth' [letter] AUFerguson MM EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Aug 24 1985, 159(4) p102 MJEther, Ethyl; Ethyl Ethers; Hydrogen Peroxide; Tooth Bleaching MTHuman IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000224 TI'Is antibiotic prophylaxis required for dental patients with joint replacements?' [letter] AUField EA; Martin MV EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Aug 24 1985, 159(4) p102-3 MJAntibiotics; Dental Care; Joint Prosthesis MNSepticemia /PC MTHuman IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000225 TIAcquired immune deficiency syndrome presenting as recalcitrant Candida. AUBabajews A; Poswillo DE; Griffin GE EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Aug 24 1985, 159(4) p106-8 MJAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome /DI; Candidiasis, Oral; Gingivitis MNAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome /CO; Adult; Candidiasis, Oral /ET; Diagnosis, Differential; Gingivitis /ET; Mouth Diseases /DI /ET; Recurrence; Ulcer /DI /ET MTCase Report; Human; Male RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine); 59-46-1 (Procaine) IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000226 TILocal anaesthesia in dental practice. II. A laboratory investigation of a self-aspirating system. AUMeechan JG; Blair GS; McCabe JF EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Aug 24 1985, 159(4) p109-13 MJAnesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Local; Suction; Syringes MNLidocaine /AD; Procaine /AD; Stress, Mechanical; Suction /MT MTHuman IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000227 TIDark-field microscopy of dental plaque. A clinical and laboratory evaluation. AUWilson RF; Woods A; Ashley FP EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Aug 24 1985, 159(4) p114-20 MJBacteria /IP; Dental Plaque MNAdult; Bacteria /CY; Microscopy /MT; Middle Age; Periodontal Diseases /MI; Spirochaetales /IP; Stains and Staining MTComparative Study; Human RN12597-68-1 (Stainless Steel) IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000228 TIAcid-etching and the fracture of rubber dam clamps. AUJedynakiewicz NM; Cunningham J; Williams DF EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Aug 24 1985, 159(4) p121-3 MJAcid Etching, Dental; Bonding, Dental; Dentistry, Operative; Phosphoric Acids MNCorrosion; Equipment Failure; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Stainless Steel; Stress, Mechanical; Surface Properties IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000229 TINicola Boissard Research Fund. First British research chair in oral biochemistry. AUHancocks SA PSBoissard N EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Aug 24 1985, 159(4) p127-8 MJBiochemistry; Dentistry; Hospitals, Teaching; Surgery, Oral MNBiochemistry /ED /HI; Education, Dental /HI; England; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Portraits; Research Support; Research MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000230 TI'Corticosteroid therapy and the dental patient' [letter] AUBanks P EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p138-9 MJAdrenal Cortex Hormones /TU; Dental Care for Handicapped MNAdrenal Cortex Hormones /BL; Mouth /SU MTHuman IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000231 TI'Some Asian communities in the UK and their culture' [letter] AUWilliams SA; Fairpo CG; Rowell V; Duckworth C; Ahmed I EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p139 MJAttitude to Health; Dental Care; Ethnic Groups MNAsia, Western /EH; Child, Preschool; Child; Great Britain; Infant MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000232 TI'A comparison of fibreoptic transillumination with bitewing radiographs' [letter] AURattan R EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p139-40 MJRadiography, Dental; Transillumination /MT MNFiber Optics; Transillumination /AE MTComparative Study; Human IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000233 TIClinical assessment of cases of tooth surface loss. AUWatson IB; Tulloch EN EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p144-8 MJTooth Abrasion; Tooth Erosion MNMedical History Taking; Patient Care Planning; Physical Examination; Tooth Abrasion /TH; Tooth Erosion /TH; Vertical Dimension MTHuman RN439-14-5 (Diazepam) IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000234 TIThe effectiveness of oral diazepam in anxious child dental patients. AULindsay SJ; Yates JA EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p149-53 MJAnxiety; Dental Care; Diazepam; Preanesthetic Medication MNAdministration, Oral; Adolescence; Anesthesia, Dental; Child Behavior; Child, Preschool; Child; Placebos MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN7681-52-9 (Sodium Hypochlorite); 77-92-9 (citric acid); 9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000235 TIPeriodontally involved cementum: some aspects of its management old and new. AURawlinson A EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p153-6 MJDental Cementum /PA; Periodontal Diseases /TH MNBacteria /ME; Citrates /PD; Collagen /ME; Dental Cementum /DE /MI /SU; Endotoxins /ME; Periodontal Diseases /MI /PA /PP; Scaling, Dental; Sodium Hypochlorite /PD; Tooth Root /SU MTHuman IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000236 TIAdult attitudes to dentistry among dental attenders in South Wales. AUGreen RM; Green A EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p157-60 MJAnxiety; Attitude to Health; Dental Care MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child; Dental Care /PX; Middle Age; Pain /PX; Sex Factors; Wales MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000237 TIComputers in the dental surgery: the patients' views. AULamey PJ; Webster G EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p161-2 MJAttitude; Computers; Practice Management, Dental MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Confidentiality; Dental Records; General Practice, Dental; Middle Age; Specialties, Dental MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000238 TIMemoirs of James Heesom (1839-1925). AUHeesom D; Heesom T PSHeesom J EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p163-4 MNDentistry; England; History of Medicine, 19th Cent.; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Portraits MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography RN20830-75-5 (Digoxin); 71-63-6 (Digitoxin) IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000239 TIDigitalis: where are we now? [editorial] AUChamberlain DA EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p227-33 MJDigitalis MNDigitalis Glycosides /AE /PD /TU; Digitoxin /BL; Digoxin /BL; Drug Interactions; Heart Failure, Congestive /DT MTHuman IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000240 TIDrug treatment of heart failure. AUDollery CT; Corr L EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p234-42 MJHeart Failure, Congestive MNCardiotonic Agents /TU; Exertion; Heart Failure, Congestive /PC; Hemodynamics; Prognosis; Vasodilator Agents /TU MCReview MTHuman RN20830-75-5 (Digoxin) IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000241 TIChanging digoxin potency and cardiac mortality in England and Wales 1968-76. ABData on monthly totals of cardiac deaths in England and Wales were examined in different ways to see whether there were any unexplained fluctuations in rates both at the time of an unplanned increase in the bioavailability and therefore the potency of the Lanoxin brand of digoxin in May 1972 and also when there was a coordinated increase in the bioavailability of other brands in October 1975. Despite advice to prescribers, dosages were not proportionately reduced in the 600 000 patients who were on treatment. Monthly totals of deaths from cardiac causes were high through the summer of 1972 but not at the end of 1975 and the excess in 1972 seems to be related to a cold summer. There was no evidence of a consistent or specific effect of changes in digoxin potency, either beneficial or harmful, on deaths from all cardiac causes or in specific subgroups in which digoxin treatment was likely to be most common. Although major changes in digoxin potency in England and Wales did not seem to produce a repeatable effect on death rates, data from other countries should also be examined for evidence of such an effect. AUTunstall-Pedoe H EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p243-7 MJDigoxin; Heart Diseases /MO MNBiological Availability; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; England; Heart Diseases /DT; Seasons; Temperature; Wales MTHuman RN20830-75-5 (Digoxin) IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000242 TIRapid plasma digoxin assay in outpatients--a useful routine technique? ABIn 25 outpatients taking digoxin for chronic atrial fibrillation (established for at least six months) a prospective study identified only one case in which rapid availability of the results of a plasma digoxin assay altered the dose which had already been selected on the basis of simple clinical assessment. No patient received more than 375 micrograms digoxin per day and none showed clinical evidence of toxicity even though seven had renal impairment. Six other patients had poorly controlled ventricular rates requiring larger doses of digoxin, but even in these patients the dose could be selected on clinical grounds alone. Despite the availability of a very rapid fluorescence polarisation immunoassay for digoxin, simple but careful clinical monitoring is an adequate basis for the selection of a suitable dose in most patients taking digoxin for atrial fibrillation. AUSavill J; Mitchell M; Wood D; Krikler DM EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p248-50 MJDiagnostic Tests, Routine; Digoxin MNAged; Atrial Fibrillation /BL; Fluorescence Polarization; Heart Rate; Middle Age; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Prospective Studies; Time Factors MTHuman IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000243 TIBicentenary of An Account of the Foxglove. Historical address given at Edgbaston Parish Church, Birmingham. AUWhitfield AG PSWithering W EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p253-5 MJDigitalis MNEngland; History of Medicine, 18th Cent. MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000244 TIWithering and the foxglove: the making of a myth. AUKrikler DM PSWithering W EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p256-7 MJDigitalis MNEngland; History of Medicine, 18th Cent.; Portraits MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000245 TIPlants and cardiac glycosides. AUHollman A EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p258-61 MJCardiac Glycosides; Plants, Medicinal MNBotany; Digitalis /AN; Plants, Medicinal /AN RN20830-75-5 (Digoxin) IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000246 TICultivation and breeding of Digitalis lanata in the Netherlands. ABAfter the second world war Marshall Aid funds were used to establish a cooperative organisation for growing, drying, and selling Digitalis lanata (and other medicinal, aromatic, and culinary herbs) in the Netherlands. The crop is sown in mid April and the fully mechanised harvest of the leaves takes place from September to late November. The leaves are dried for 10-12 hours at 50 degrees C maximum. The aim of breeding trials is to improve leaf production, erect leaf attitude, resistance to Septoria leaf spot and to bolting, and a higher dry matter and digoxin content. AUMastenbroek C EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p262-8 MJBreeding; Digitalis MNAgriculture /MT; Digitalis /GD /PH; Digoxin /AN; Drug Industry /EC; Netherlands; Plant Diseases; Seeds /PH IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000247 TILeft ventricular aneurysm. The Wessex experience. ABOne hundred patients with left ventricular aneurysms were operated on between February 1973 and January 1983. The principal indications for operation were left ventricular failure in 58, angina in 23, both in 17, with arrhythmia and systemic emboli accounting for one case each. Eighty five had had anterior infarction causing 82 anteroapical and three lateral aneurysms, while the remainder had had inferior infarcts resulting in 14 inferior aneurysms and one lateral aneurysm. Coronary angiography detected a single coronary lesion in 46%. Three patients had aneurysmal plication and the remainder had aneurysmectomy. Eleven mitral valve replacements were performed. Forty patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with a mean number of grafts per patients of 1.4. The early mortality was 7% with no early deaths since 1978. The actuarial five year survival was 68%, and 82% of survivors are in New York Heart Association class I or II (mean follow up three years). Left ventricular aneurysmectomy may be performed with a low operative mortality and good long term results. AUKeenan DJ; Monro JL; Ross JK; Manners JM; Conway N; Johnson AM EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p269-72 MJHeart Aneurysm /SU MNAortocoronary Bypass /MO; England; Heart Aneurysm /MO; Heart Ventricle /SU; Middle Age; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000248 TIValvar prosthetic dysfunction. Localisation and evaluation of the dysfunction using the Doppler technique. ABThirty patients with 33 mitral or aortic prostheses or both were examined using the pulsed Doppler technique combined with cross sectional echocardiography to study the applicability of the Doppler technique in the diagnosis and evaluation of the severity of prosthetic dysfunction and to assess the ability of the mapping procedure to estimate the site and the size of the prosthetic defect. The dysfunction was valvar regurgitation in 29 instances and stenoses in eight, all of which were confirmed by invasive procedures. The severity of the dysfunction was graded on a three point scale. A control group of 73 subjects with 88 normal prostheses also underwent pulsed Doppler and cross sectional echocardiography. The pulsed Doppler study followed the usual procedure for a valvar disease including two and three dimensional mapping for regurgitation. Eight patients also underwent a continuous wave Doppler examination. The diagnostic reliability of the pulsed Doppler technique was greater than or equal to 90%. The severity of the dysfunction was accurately assessed in 86% of cases. In the case of aortic regurgitation, mapping of the jets was performed as easily for prostheses as for native regurgitant valves. In the case of mitral regurgitation, the mapping patterns depended on the cause of the dysfunction. With valvar tears, a jet was detected at the centre of the annulus, and with paravalvar leaks eccentric atrial jets were seen opposite the site of the leak. The pulsed Doppler and the surgical findings correlated well for both the site of the dysfunction (16/20 (80%) patients) and the size of the leak (13/16 (81%) patients). Thus, despite some limitations, pulsed Doppler and particularly the mapping procedure provide sufficient information to give an accurate non-invasive assessment of prosthetic valve dysfunction. AUVeyrat C; Witchitz S; Lessana A; Ameur A; Abitbol G; Kalmanson D EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p273-84 MJHeart Valve Diseases; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNAortic Valve Insufficiency /PP; Aortic Valve Stenosis /PP; Aortic Valve /PP; Echocardiography; Middle Age; Mitral Valve /PP; Prosthesis Design MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000249 TIBalloon valvuloplasty and angioplasty in congenital heart disease. ABBalloon dilatation valvuloplasty was performed in 16 patients with pulmonary valve stenosis aged 10 days to 17 years. Gradients were reduced in all but two patients and were less than or equal to 20 mm Hg after the procedure in all but these two and one other. Unsatisfactory initial results in these three patients were attributed to the use of too small a balloon in one patient (gradient subsequently abolished at repeat valvuloplasty), to a dysplastic valve in a neonate, and to the fact that there had been a previous surgical valvotomy with scar tissue formation in one patient. The good result was retained in six of seven patients followed up at three to six months. In one the gradient, having been reduced from 60 to 18 mm Hg, had risen to 35 mm Hg. Repeat valvuloplasty was technically impossible in this patient, but in two others residual gradients of 24 and 22 mm Hg were reduced to 4 and 8 mm Hg respectively by repeat valvuloplasty. Balloon dilatation angioplasty was successful in dilating a severe stenosis at the lower limb of an atrial baffle (previous correction of complete transposition) and in dilating supravalvar stenosis of the pulmonary artery resulting from previous banding and debanding. Thus balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty, though still a new technique, appears to be the treatment of choice in patients with typical pulmonary stenosis and thin mobile valves. Patients with dysplastic valves may be less suitable candidates for the procedure. Balloon angioplasty is likely to have other applications, including the treatment of postoperative stenotic lesions. AUMiller GA EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p285-9 MJAngioplasty, Transluminal; Heart Defects, Congenital MNAdolescence; Angiography; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis /CN /TH MTFemale; Human; Male RN2609-46-3 (Amiloride); 52-01-7 (Spironolactone); 742-20-1 (Cyclopenthiazide); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 77-36-1 (Chlorthalidone) IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000250 TIArrhythmogenic potential of diuretic induced hypokalaemia in patients with mild hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. ABIn view of evidence suggesting an association of mild hypokalaemia with cardiac arrhythmia, the arrhythmogenic potentials of potassium losing and potassium sparing diuretic treatments were compared in a controlled prospective crossover study of 10 patients with mild hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. Mean (SEM) plasma potassium was 4.3(0.06) mmol/l and 3.3(0.07) mmol/l after potassium sparing and potassium losing treatments respectively. Blood pressure and volume depletion as assessed by weight change, plasma renin activity, and noradrenaline concentrations did not differ significantly in the two treatment periods. The potassium losing treatment phase was associated with an increased frequency of ventricular extrasystoles, a higher Lown grading during ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, prolonged duration and decreased phase 0 velocity of the monophasic action potential, a prolonged ventricular effective refractory period, and increased myocardial electrical instability as assessed by programmed ventricular stimulation. It is concluded that minor changes in plasma potassium concentration are associated with increased ventricular electrical instability in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Mild hypokalaemia in such patients may predispose to life threatening arrhythmias and should be avoided. AUStewart DE; Ikram H; Espiner EA; Nicholls MG EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p290-7 MJArrhythmia; Coronary Disease /DT; Diuretics; Hypertension /DT; Hypokalemia MNAmiloride /AE; Chlorthalidone /AE; Coronary Disease /BL; Cyclopenthiazide /AE; Hormones /BL; Hypertension /BL; Middle Age; Potassium /BL; Spironolactone /AE MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); EC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000251 TIUsefulness of plasma renin activity in predicting haemodynamic and clinical responses and survival during long term converting enzyme inhibition in severe chronic heart failure. Experience in 100 consecutive patients. ABThe relation between plasma renin activity before treatment and the haemodynamic and clinical responses to converting enzyme inhibition was determined in 100 consecutive patients with severe chronic heart failure who were treated with captopril or enalapril. Initial doses of captopril produced significant increases in cardiac index and decreases in left ventricular filling pressure, mean arterial pressure, mean right atrial pressure, heart rate, and systemic vascular resistance that varied linearly with the pretreatment value for plasma renin activity. In contrast, there was no relation between the pretreatment activity and the magnitude of haemodynamic improvement after 1-3 months of treatment with the converting enzyme inhibitors, and, consequently, a similar proportion of patients with a high (greater than 6 ng/ml/h; greater than 4.62 mmol/l/h), intermediate (2-6 ng/ml/h; 1.54-4.62 mmol/l/h), and low (less than 2 ng/ml/h; less than 1.54 mmol/l/h) pretreatment value improved clinically during long term treatment (64%, 60%, and 64% respectively). Long term survival after one, two, and three years was similar in the three groups. Estimating the degree of activation of the renin-angiotensin system by measuring pretreatment plasma renin activity fails to predict the long term haemodynamic or clinical responses to converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with severe chronic heart failure, and thus appears to be of limited value in selecting those patients likely to benefit from treatment with these drugs. AUPacker M; Medina N; Yushak M; Lee WH EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p298-304 MJHeart Failure, Congestive /DT; Hemodynamics; Kininase II; Renin MNAdult; Aged; Captopril /TU; Enalapril /TU; Heart Failure, Congestive /BL /PP; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); EC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000252 TIEffects of enalapril in heart failure: a double blind study of effects on exercise performance, renal function, hormones, and metabolic state. ABSeveral studies have shown symptomatic and haemodynamic improvement after the introduction of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with heart failure treated with diuretics. The concomitant long term effects of the new orally effective long acting angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril, on symptoms, exercise performance, cardiac function, arrhythmias, hormones, electrolytes, body composition, and renal function have been further assessed in a placebo controlled double blind cross over trial with treatment periods of eight weeks. Twenty patients with New York Heart Association functional class II to IV heart failure who were clinically stable on digoxin and diuretic therapy were studied. Apart from the introduction of enalapril, regular treatment was not changed over the study period; no order or period effects were noted. Enalapril treatment significantly improved functional class, symptom score for breathlessness, and exercise tolerance. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower on enalapril treatment. Echocardiographic assessment indicated a reduction in left ventricular dimensions and an improvement in systolic time intervals. In response to enalapril, the plasma concentration of angiotensin II was reduced and that of active renin rose; plasma concentrations of aldosterone, vasopressin, and noradrenaline fell. There were significant increases in serum potassium and serum magnesium on enalapril. Glomerular filtration rate measured both by isotopic techniques and by creatinine clearance declined on enalapril while serum urea and creatinine rose and effective renal plasma flow increased. Body weight and total body sodium were unchanged indicating that there was no overall diuresis. There was a statistically insignificant rise in total body potassium, though the increase was related directly to pretreatment plasma renin (r = 0.5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUCleland JG; Dargie HJ; Ball SG; Gillen G; Hodsman GP; Morton JJ; East BW; Robertson I; Ford I; Robertson JI EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p305-12 MJEnalapril /TU; Heart Failure, Congestive; Kininase II MNAngiotensin II /BL; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Electrolytes /BL; Enalapril /AE; Exertion /DE; Potassium /ME; Renin /BL MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-61-6 (Dopamine); 86197-47-9 (dopexamine) IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000253 TIAcute haemodynamic and metabolic effects of dopexamine, a new dopaminergic receptor agonist, in patients with chronic heart failure. ABDopexamine, a new compound with postjunctional dopamine receptor activating and beta adrenoceptor agonist properties, was given to 10 patients with chronic heart failure at diagnostic cardiac catheterisation to investigate its acute haemodynamic and metabolic effects. The drug was administered by intravenous infusion in three incremental doses and produced significant dose related increases in cardiac index, stroke volume index, and heart rate and falls in systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular end diastolic pressure; aortic and pulmonary artery pressures were unchanged. Isovolumic phase (max dP/dt and KVmax) and ejection phase (peak aortic blood velocity, maximum acceleration of blood, and maximum rate of change of power with time during ejection) indices of myocardial contractility were all increased by dopexamine but these changes were hard to interpret in the presence of an increase in heart rate. Myocardial efficiency and ejection fraction were both increased and left ventricular end diastolic and end systolic volumes fell. These largely beneficial changes were achieved without a statistically significant increase in myocardial oxygen consumption or disturbance of myocardial metabolic function. Dopexamine was well tolerated but tremor was reported by two patients at the intermediate dose and mild chest pain by two patients at the high dose. AUDawson JR; Thompson DS; Signy M; Juul SM; Turnbull P; Jenkins BS; Webb-Peploe MM EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p313-20 MJDopamine; Heart Failure, Congestive; Hemodynamics MNAdult; Aged; Blood Flow Velocity /DE; Chemistry; Dopamine /AD /ME /TU; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart Rate /DE; Middle Age; Myocardial Contraction /DE; Stroke Volume /DE; Vascular Resistance /DE MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000254 TIRespiratory gas exchange in the assessment of patients with impaired ventricular function. ABRespiratory gas exchange on exercise was evaluated as a non-invasive method of assessing patients with heart failure. Twenty four men (age 28-72) with symptomatic chronic stable heart failure (New York Heart Association class II-III) and ten controls aged 36-70 were studied. During treadmill exercise oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured continuously by analysis of mixed expired gas with a computerised mass spectrometer. The anaerobic threshold was defined as the oxygen consumption at which carbon dioxide production increased disproportionately in relation to oxygen consumption. Oxygen consumption was stable at rest and increased on exercise, reaching a steady state within three minutes of any change in workload. The measurements of maximum oxygen consumption at the end of exercise and of anaerobic threshold were reproducible (retest reliability coefficients 90% and 91% respectively). There were significant differences in maximum oxygen consumption between functional classes. Similarly, there were significant differences in anaerobic threshold between classes, though there was considerable overlap. Measurement of oxygen consumption and anaerobic threshold provides an objective noninvasive assessment of patients with heart failure. AULipkin DP; Perrins J; Poole-Wilson PA EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p321-8 MJHeart Failure, Congestive; Pulmonary Gas Exchange MNAdult; Aged; Exertion; Heart Ventricle /PP; Middle Age; Oxygen Consumption; Spectrum Analysis, Mass MTHuman; Male IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000255 TIHypertrophic cardiomyopathy simulating an infiltrative myocardial disease. ABCongestive heart failure developed in a patient with low electrocardiographic QRS voltages, diffuse thickening of the septum and free cardiac wall, and a reduction in left ventricular internal diameter, which suggested an infiltrative heart muscle disease. Histological examination at necropsy showed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with symmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy. Myocardial disarray of type 1A disorganisation was extensive and equally distributed in the ventricular septum and the left anterior and left posterior ventricular free walls. Severe fibrosis (40%) was also present and may have been a possible cause of the electrocardiographic abnormalities as well as of the lack of ventricular dilatation. AUFrustaci A; Loperfido F; Pennestri F EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p329-32 MJCardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Myocardial Diseases MNAged; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic /PA; Diagnosis, Differential; Echocardiography MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000256 TIManagement of aortic left ventricular tunnel. ABA 22 year old man had a diagnosis of left ventricular aortic tunnel established during infancy. Surgical repair was deferred at that time because his severe aortic root deformity would also have required aortic valve replacement. His current lack of symptoms together with a normal exercise capacity could be used as an argument against routine early surgical repair of the tunnel, particularly when the possible need for additional aortic valve replacement is considered. AURibeiro P; Bun-Tan LB; Oakley CM EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p333-6 MJAortic Valve; Heart Defects, Congenital /TH MNAdult; Echocardiography; Heart Defects, Congenital /PP MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000257 TIRight atrial spleen. ABA large cardiac tumour occupying most of the right atrium and the right ventricle and causing inflow obstruction to the right heart was confirmed by cross sectional echocardiography in a 41 year old man. After surgical resection histological examination showed that the atrial tumour had the characteristics of splenic tissue. Possible mechanisms for the development of such a tumour include an origin analogous to that of an accessory spleen or the implantation and subsequent growth of lymphoid tissue in a pre-existing superior vena caval or high right atrial angioma. AUKuijer P; Dion R; van Merrienboer F EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p337-9 MJChoristoma; Heart Neoplasms; Spleen MNAdult; Echocardiography; Heart Atrium /PA MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000258 TIEarly prenatal detection of double outlet right ventricle by echocardiography. ABA double outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect and right sided hypoplastic aorta was diagnosed in a 22 week fetus of a mother with diabetes mellitus. Elective termination of pregnancy was carried out and the echocardiographic findings were confirmed. Early prenatal detection of congenital heart disease may allow elective termination of pregnancy when the fetus has severe defects. AUStewart PA; Wladimiroff JW; Becker AE EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p340-2 MJEchocardiography; Fetal Diseases; Heart Defects, Congenital; Prenatal Diagnosis MNAdult; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular /DI; Heart Ventricle; Pregnancy in Diabetes; Pregnancy MTCase Report; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000261 TIComparison of the vasoactivity of amide and ester local anaesthetics. An intradermal study. ABThe vascular effects and duration of action of two ester-linked local anaesthetics, procaine and amethocaine, and four amide-linked local anaesthetics, cinchocaine, lignocaine, mepivacaine and prilocaine, were investigated in 10 volunteers by intradermal injection using a double-blind technique. Procaine and amethocaine produced marked vasodilatation; weal formation was observed at 80% of the amethocaine injection sites. Mepivacaine had a marked vasoconstrictor effect; the other three agents produced more variable vasoactivity. Duration of action was concentration-dependent for all six drugs, the slopes of the log dose--duration plots reflecting the observed vasoactivity. AUWillatts DG; Reynolds F EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1006-11 MJAnesthetics, Local; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation MNAdult; Amides; Double-Blind Method; Esters; Intradermal Tests; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN437-38-7 (Fentanyl); 60645-00-3 (lofentanil); 71195-58-9 (alfentanyl) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000262 TIpH-dependent accumulation of fentanyl, lofentanil and alfentanil by beating guinea pig atria. ABThe influence of the pH of the incubation medium on the cellular accumulation of tritiated fentanyl, lofentanil, and alfentanil was investigated in isolated guinea pig atria. Fentanyl and lofentanil accumulated in atrial tissue up to about 30- and 50-fold, respectively. The amount of drug bound when equilibrium was attained was found to be dependent upon the pH of the medium. By plotting binding equilibria v. pH of the bath, curves were obtained which resembled titration curves. Half-maximal binding was attained at pH values close to the pKa values of fentanyl and lofentanil. Alfentanil was found to accumulate less. The uptake by the tissue was strongly proportional to the extracellular concentration. Atria equilibrated with fentanyl at pH 8.5 released the compound rapidly when exposed to a pH of 7.0, even in the continuous presence of fentanyl in the bath. The consequences of the findings for in vivo conditions are discussed with respect to a possible augmentation of the actions of fentanyl by respiratory acidosis. AULullmann H ; Martins BS; Peters T EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1012-7 MJAnalgesics, Addictive; Fentanyl; Myocardium MNGuinea Pigs; Heart Atrium; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Myocardial Contraction; Time Factors MTAnimal; In Vitro RN26675-46-7 (Isoflurane); 42399-41-7 (Diltiazem) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000263 TIInteractions between diltiazem and isoflurane. An in vitro investigation in isolated guinea pig atria. ABMaximum force of contraction of paced, isolated guinea pig atria was measured in three groups. Atria from animals in group 1 were exposed to isoflurane for 10 min. In group 2, atria were exposed to diltiazem 35 nmol litre-1 alone and in group 3 atria were pre-treated with diltiazem 35 nmol litre-1 before exposure to isoflurane. Maximum depression of contraction was significantly greater in tissue exposed to the combination of diltiazem and isoflurane (group 3) compared with that exposed to isoflurane alone (group 1). Tissue exposed to diltiazem and isoflurane remained significantly more depressed from 15 to 30 min after the administration of isoflurane compared with the depression produced by the volatile agent alone. The results suggest that the calcium antagonist, diltiazem, may modify the effects of isoflurane on myocardial function. AUBroadbent MP; Swan PC; Jones RM EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1018-21 MJBenzazepines; Diltiazem; Heart; Isoflurane; Methyl Ethers MNDrug Synergism; Guinea Pigs; Heart Atrium; Myocardial Contraction /DE MTAnimal; Male RN6740-88-1 (Ketamine); 76-75-5 (Thiopental) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000264 TIHaemorrhage decreases the anaesthetic requirement for ketamine and thiopentone in the pig. ABThe anaesthetic requirements of ketamine and thiopentone were studied in eight pig littermates during normovolaemia and after haemorrhage (30% blood loss). Four animals received ketamine and four thiopentone, and the minimal anaesthetic doses of both drugs were determined. Moderate hypovolaemia decreased the anaesthetic requirements significantly and similarly: thiopentone 33 +/- 5%; ketamine 40 +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM). AUWeiskopf RB; Bogetz MS EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1022-5 MJAnesthesia, Intravenous; Hemorrhage; Ketamine; Thiopental MNBlood Volume; Swine MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000265 TIParanasal sinusitis: a complication of nasotracheal intubation. Two case reports. ABReports are presented on two patients who developed severe paranasal sinusitis in association with prolonged nasotracheal intubation. The likely predisposing factors are discussed. AUWillatts SM; Cochrane DF EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1026-8 MJIntubation, Intratracheal; Sinusitis MNAdolescence; Adult; Nose; Time Factors MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN13838-16-9 (Enflurane) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000266 TIParoxysmal electroencephalographic discharges during enflurane anaesthesia in patients with a history of cerebral convulsions. ABThe electroencephalogram (EEG) was monitored through all phases of enflurane anaesthesia in dental outpatients with a history of cerebral convulsions which had been well controlled with anticonvulsant drugs. Abnormal EEG activity which differed from the background activity was observed in three patients. Their case reports are presented. AUYamashiro M; Sumitomo M; Furuya H EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1029-37 MJAnesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Convulsions; Enflurane MNAnticonvulsants /TU; Child; Convulsions /PP; Electroencephalography; Time Factors MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN151-67-7 (Halothane); 58-08-2 (Caffeine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000267 TILaboratory diagnosis of malignant hyperpyrexia susceptibility (MHS). European MH Group [letter] EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1038 MJMalignant Hyperthermia MNCaffeine /DU; Disease Susceptibility; Halothane /DU MTHuman IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000268 TIDuration of fast before elective surgery [letter] AUSosis M; Goldberg M EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1038-9 MJFasting; Surgery, Operative MNGastrointestinal Contents; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MTHuman RN103-90-2 (Acetaminophen) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000269 TIParacetamol kinetics and gastric emptying [letter] AUFinnegan BA; Jyn CA EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1039-40 MJAcetaminophen; Gastric Emptying; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human RN66357-35-5 (Ranitidine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000270 TIOral ranitidine in labour [letter] AUMacnab MS; Milne MK; Allison RH EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1040-1 MJLabor; Ranitidine MNGastrointestinal Contents; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000271 TISafe anaesthetic for laparoscopy with spontaneous respiration [letter] AUBeilin B; Vatashsky E EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1041-2 MJAnesthesia, Local; Peritoneoscopy; Respiration MNSafety MTHuman RN846-49-1 (Lorazepam) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000272 TIExcretion of lorazepam into breast milk [letter] AUSummerfield RJ; Nielsen MS EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1042-3 MJLorazepam; Milk, Human; Preanesthetic Medication MNInfant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Puerperium MTFemale; Human IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000273 TIFixation of extradural catheters [letter] AUCampailla A EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1043 MJCatheterization; Catheters, Indwelling MNEpidural Space MTHuman RN51-55-8 (Atropine); 57-95-4 (Tubocurarine); 59-99-4 (Neostigmine); 596-51-0 (Glycopyrrolate) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000274 TIAntagonism of neuromuscular blockade [letter] AUMillar SW; Lamb CJ; Liban JB EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1043-4 MJAtropine; Glycopyrrolate; Neostigmine; Pyrrolidines; Tubocurarine MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Middle Age MTHuman RN306-40-1 (Succinylcholine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000275 TISide effects induced by suxamethonium on the skeletal muscle and their prevention [letter] AUPlotz J ; Schreiber W EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1044-5 MJMuscles; Succinylcholine MTHuman RN465-65-6 (Naloxone); 52485-79-7 (Buprenorphine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000276 TINaloxone--a strong analgesic in combination with high-dose buprenorphine [letter] AUPedersen JE; Chraemmer-Jorgensen B; Schnidt JF; Risbo A EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1045-6 MJBuprenorphine; Morphinans; Naloxone; Pain, Postoperative MNAdult; Drug Interactions MTFemale; Human RN437-38-7 (Fentanyl); 52485-79-7 (Buprenorphine); 60645-00-3 (lofentanil) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000278 TIEfficacy of the extradural administration of lofentanil, buprenorphine or saline in the management of postoperative pain. A double-blind study. ABSixty postoperative orthopaedic patients were randomly assigned to three equal groups to study, in a double-blind fashion, the analgesic effects, durations of action and side effects of the extradural administration of lofentanil 5 micrograms, buprenorphine 0.3 mg or physiological saline. No systemic analgesics were given before, during or after surgery, and all the patients had operations on the lower extremities under extradural analgesia (lignocaine and bupivacaine). Eleven millilitre of the test drug was injected at T12-L1 as soon as pain occurred in the postoperative period. We observed a long duration of action and a marked analgesic effect with lofentanil, a shorter duration of action and less pain suppression with buprenorphine and a rather marked placebo effect after saline. The only side effect noticed in this study was drowsiness in three patients in the lofentanil group and in two patients in the buprenorphine group. AUBilsback P; Rolly G; Tampubolon O EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p943-8 MJAnalgesics, Addictive; Buprenorphine /TU; Fentanyl; Morphinans; Pain, Postoperative MNAdult; Aged; Buprenorphine /AD; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Epidural Space; Fentanyl /AD /TU; Injections; Middle Age MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN57-27-2 (Morphine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000279 TIPostoperative analgesia with Duromorph. ABThe analgesic effects and bioavailability of a slow-release preparation of morphine (Duromorph) were studied in 12 patients with acute postoperative pain. Duromorph produced significant analgesia within 1-2 h of administration i.m., and there was a progressive decrease in the mean pain score for at least 8 h. None of the patients requested or received additional analgesia within 12 h, and the incidence of side-effects was similar to that associated with i.m. morphine. During the 8-h study, plasma concentrations of morphine slowly increased for 3 h, and then gradually declined. After 3 h, concentrations were invariably greater than those produced by conventional doses of morphine sulphate i.m. The study confirmed that Duromorph was an effective analgesic with a prolonged duration of action, which was suitable for the management of postoperative pain. AUCharway CL; Calvey TN; Williams NE; Murray GR EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p949-53 MJMorphine /TU; Pain, Postoperative MNAdult; Biological Availability; Delayed-Action Preparations; Injections, Intramuscular; Middle Age; Morphine /AD /ME; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN10024-97-2 (Nitrous Oxide); 1134-47-0 (Baclofen); 437-38-7 (Fentanyl) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000280 TIBaclofen prolongs the analgesic effect of fentanyl in man. ABPretreatment with baclofen prolonged the duration of fentanyl-induced analgesia from 18 to 30 min in patients undergoing neurosurgical anaesthesia (fentanyl plus nitrous oxide in oxygen). This observation is consistent with a potentiating effect of GABA on opioid analgesia. AUPanerai AE; Massei R; de Silva E; Sacerdote P; Monza G; Mantegazza P EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p954-5 MJAnesthesia, General; Baclofen /PD; Fentanyl MNAdult; Baclofen /AD; Drug Synergism; Hypophysectomy; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Middle Age; Nitrous Oxide; Preanesthetic Medication MTComparative Study; Human; Male RN51-55-8 (Atropine); 59-99-4 (Neostigmine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000281 TIEvaluation of the combined effects of atropine and neostigmine on the lower oesophageal sphincter. ABThe effects, on the lower oesophageal sphincter, of the simultaneous administration of atropine and neostigmine were studied in 10 healthy patients undergoing gynaecological surgery. Atropine 1.2 mg and neostigmine 2.5 mg were given to antagonize neuromuscular blockade at the termination of surgery. For the succeeding 15-20 min, frequent measurements of lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOSP) were made whilst anaesthesia was maintained. It was demonstrated that this drug combination resulted in a significant decrease in LOSP initially, but that this potentially deleterious effect was transient in nature. AUTurner DA; Smith G EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p956-9 MJAtropine; Esophagogastric Junction; Neostigmine MNDrug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Pressure; Time Factors MTFemale; Human RN2180-92-9 (Bupivacaine); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 94-24-6 (Tetracaine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000282 TIA double-blind study of motor blockade in the lower limbs. Studies during spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric and glucose-free 0.5% bupivacaine. ABSensory and motor blockade were studied double-blind during spinal anaesthesia in 20 urology patients who received 0.5% bupivacaine solution 4 ml with or without glucose. Using a new method for determining muscle strength, motor blockade during anaesthesia was recorded quantitatively for flexion of the hip, extension of the knee and plantar flexion of the big toe. Movements of the lower part of the thoracic cage were recorded at the same time. Complete motor blockade of longer duration was observed for all three movements following the administration of the glucose-free solution compared with the solution containing glucose. During the regression phase, the muscle strength returned significantly later (knee extension and hip flexion) when glucose-free bupivacaine solution was given. There was no significant difference between the two anaesthetic solutions regarding plantar flexion of the big toe during this phase. For hip flexion (L1-L3) there was no noteworthy difference between the levels of analgesia and the motor blockade, whereas for plantar flexion of the big toe (L5-S2) the level of analgesia was 2-3 segments higher than the level of motor blockade. Thoracic movements (maximal inspiration to normal expiration) did not appear to be notably influenced by the level of analgesia. Complete regression of motor blockade was not observed for any of the movements at grade O of a modified Bromage scale. Not until 1.5-2 h after the attainment of this grade was the muscle strength of all movements restored (90% of control value). AUAxelsson KH; Widman GB; Sundberg AE; Hallgren S EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p960-70 MJAnesthesia, Spinal; Bupivacaine; Nerve Block MNAged; Biomechanics; Bupivacaine /AD /PD; Double-Blind Method; Glucose; Middle Age; Motor Neurons /DE; Muscles /PH; Neurons, Afferent /DE; Specific Gravity; Tetracaine /PD; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN2180-92-9 (Bupivacaine); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 94-24-6 (Tetracaine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000283 TISpinal anaesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine and 0.5% amethocaine in 5% glucose. ABThree millititre of 0.75% plain bupivacaine and 0.5% amethocaine 3 ml in 5% glucose were used for spinal anaesthesia and compared in a double-blind study of 20 patients undergoing urological surgery. The onset time to maximum cephalad spread of sensory analgesia was approximately 45 min for bupivacaine and approximately 30 min in the amethocaine group (ns). The mean maximum spread of sensory analgesia was similar for both agents: T6-7 180 min after injection, although the cephalad spread of sensory analgesia with bupivacaine persisted for longer at a significantly higher level than that of amethocaine. Duration of sensory analgesia was significantly longer in the bupivacaine group from S3 to S5 and from T12 to L2 levels. Onset time to complete motor blockade of the lower limbs was similar for both agents. Nine of 10 bupivacaine patients and seven of the 10 patients receiving amethocaine had complete motor blockade of the lower limbs. Duration of motor blockade was significantly longer for all degrees in the bupivacaine group. AUMarstrand T; Sorensen M; Andersen S EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p971-5 MJAnesthesia, Spinal; Bupivacaine; Tetracaine MNAged; Bupivacaine /PD; Glucose /PD; Hemodynamics /DE; Motor Neurons /DE; Nerve Block; Tetracaine /PD; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN511-12-6 (Dihydroergotamine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000284 TIDihydroergotamine in the prevention of hypotension associated with extradural anaesthesia. ABThe efficacy of a single dose of dihydroergotamine (DHE) 0.5 mg i.v. in preventing the decrease in arterial pressure resulting from extradural anaesthesia was studied in 47 patients; 24 received DHE and 23 a placebo, in a randomized double-blind manner. Although the decrease in systolic arterial pressure was more pronounced in the placebo group than in the DHE group, the difference was not significant. Diastolic and mean arterial pressures were both significantly lower in the placebo group than in the DHE group during the initial phase of extradural anaesthesia. Administration of DHE did not cause any significant changes in heart rate. In both groups the heart rate decreased significantly during the 5-h period following the induction of extradural anaesthesia. The patients in the placebo group needed additional medication to increase unacceptably low arterial pressures or heart rate more frequently than the patients in the DHE group. AUMattila M; Hannonen P; Puttonen E; Lappalainen S EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p976-82 MJAnesthesia, Epidural; Dihydroergotamine; Hypotension MNAdolescence; Adult; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Heart Rate; Intraoperative Complications /PC; Middle Age; Preanesthetic Medication MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000285 TIThermoregulatory responses to cooling in patients susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia. ABThe influence of 1 h of surface cooling on body temperature, variables which contribute to thermoregulation and selected hormones and metabolites has been investigated in seven patients susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia (MH) and in seven matched control subjects. Cooling was achieved using a liquid conditioned coverall worn next to the skin. Skin temperature decreased similarly in both groups of subjects. Heat production increased in both groups, with a slightly higher heat production being seen in the MH group. Core temperature increased in both groups of subjects at the start of the cooling period, with a significantly greater increase occurring in the MH group (control: + 0.13 +/- 0.13; MH: + 0.28 +/- 0.10 degrees C, P less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in plasma lactate, or pyruvate concentrations. Plasma glucose concentrations were lower in the control group; after 30 min of cooling plasma glucose was 4.25 +/- 0.37 mmol litre-1 in the control group and 5.34 +/- 0.21 mmol litre-1 in the MH group (P less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in plasma thyroxine or adrenaline concentrations. Plasma noradrenaline increased in both groups of subjects. The increase in plasma noradrenaline of the MH patients was greater than in most of the control subjects. AUAyling JH; Ellis FR; Halsall PJ; Currie S EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p983-90 MJBody Temperature Regulation; Cold; Malignant Hyperthermia /PP MNAdolescence; Adult; Body Temperature; Disease Susceptibility; Malignant Hyperthermia /BL; Skin Temperature MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN151-67-7 (Halothane); 58-08-2 (Caffeine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000286 TIMicrocalorimetric studies in malignant hyperpyrexia susceptible individuals. ABIn an attempt to develop a diagnostic test for malignant hyperpyrexia (MH) without the need for open muscle biopsy, we have investigated the change in heat production brought about when platelets and muscle are exposed to halothane and caffeine. Halothane 3% caused platelet aggregation, which was itself associated with heat production. Caffeine 4 mmol litre-1 decreased heat production in platelets from both MH susceptible and non-susceptible individuals. Muscle exposed to 4% halothane showed an increase in heat production in both types of tissue. There were no significant differences in heat production between MH-susceptible and non-susceptible tissue in any of the tests. AURanklev E; Monti M; Fletcher R EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p991-3 MJCalorimetry; Malignant Hyperthermia MNBlood Platelets /DE; Body Temperature Regulation /DE; Caffeine /DU; Disease Susceptibility; Halothane /DU; Muscles /DE MTHuman; In Vitro RN151-67-7 (Halothane); 42399-41-7 (Diltiazem); 58-08-2 (Caffeine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000287 TIDiltiazem inhibits halothane-induced contractions in malignant hyperthermia-susceptible muscles in vitro. ABThe ability of diltiazem to suppress halothane and halothane-caffeine induced contractures in malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptible pig muscle, was tested in vitro. Muscle specimens were divided into two groups and tested with a modified halothane-caffeine contracture test. One group acted as the control; the other group was pretreated with diltiazem 20 mumol litre-1. The control muscles developed contractures attributable to halothane and halothane-caffeine, whereas the diltiazem-treated specimens did not. Increases in muscle twitch tension as a result of halothane or halothane-caffeine exposure occurred in treated and untreated specimens, but were significantly delayed in the presence of diltiazem. Muscle exhaustion observed after halothane and halothane-caffeine exposure in the control specimens did not occur in the diltiazem treated muscles. AUIlias WK; Williams CH; Fulfer RT; Dozier SE EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p994-6 MJBenzazepines; Diltiazem; Malignant Hyperthermia; Muscle Contraction MNCaffeine /PD; Depression, Chemical; Disease Susceptibility; Halothane /PD; Swine; Time Factors MTAnimal; In Vitro RN0 (EMLA); 137-58-6 (Lidocaine); 721-50-6 (Prilocaine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000288 TIDermal effects of compositions based on the eutectic mixture of lignocaine and prilocaine (EMLA). Studies in volunteers. ABThe effects of the cutaneous application of EMLA cream (a eutectic mixture of lignocaine and prilocaine in their base form) were studied in volunteers. When tested by pin-prick, EMLA cream 2.5% and 5% produced analgesia of the area tested, the cream being most effective if left in contact with the skin for 60 min. The pain produced by the insertion of an i.v. cannula was successfully blocked by the application of this formulation, especially if applied to the antecubital area. Temporary blanching of the skin areas was frequently observed on removal of the occlusive tape bandages, but prolonged, or repeated, application of 5% EMLA cream did not produce local skin reactions. Tests for delayed hypersensitivity reactions were negative. Plasma concentrations of lignocaine and prilocaine were low after a standard application. AUEvers H; von Dardel O; Juhlin L; Ohlsen L ; Vinnars E EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p997-1005 MJAnesthetics, Local; Lidocaine /PD; Prilocaine /PD; Skin MNAdministration, Topical; Adult; Drug Combinations /AD /AE /PD; Lidocaine /AD /AE /BL; Prilocaine /AD /AE /BL; Time Factors; Viscosity MTFemale; Human; Male RN52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000311 TIVerapamil pharmacokinetics and apparent hepatic and renal blood flow. ABThe effect of acute and continued administration of verapamil on pharmacokinetics and regional blood flow has been studied in eight normotensive subjects. Continued administration resulted in a significant decrease in verapamil clearance, compared to that following acute dosing, as assessed by increases in both terminal elimination half-life (from a mean +/- s.d. of 5.2 +/- 2.3 h to 6.7 +/- 2.0 h) and AUC (from a mean +/- s.d. of 800 +/- 353 ng ml-1 h to 1455 +/- 244 ng ml-1 h). The relative clearance of norverapamil was not changed. Acute administration of verapamil resulted in a significant increase (P less than 0.005) in apparent liver blood flow which with continued administration fell significantly (P less than 0.01) towards placebo values. Effective renal plasma flow similarly increased with acute verapamil administration (P less than 0.05) and with chronic administration reduced again to be not significantly different from placebo. Acute and chronic verapamil administration did not significantly alter glomerular filtration rates. These results suggest that there may be a relationship between the acute increase in liver blood flow and the relatively increased clearance of verapamil following acute dosing. AUMeredith PA; Elliott HL; Pasanisi F; Kelman AW; Sumner DJ; Reid JL EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p101-6 MJLiver Circulation; Renal Circulation; Verapamil /PD MNAdult; Glomerular Filtration Rate /DE; Kinetics; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Verapamil /ME MTHuman; Male RN1088-11-5 (Demethyldiazepam); 439-14-5 (Diazepam) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000313 TIResponsiveness to oral diazepam in the elderly: relationship to total and free plasma concentrations. ABThe immediate and residual response to single doses of oral diazepam 10 mg was measured in 11 young and 12 elderly healthy volunteers using postural sway, digit symbol substitution scores and subjective ratings. The effect on postural sway was markedly accentuated in the older volunteers, but the difference between groups in the effect on the other measures used did not achieve significance. The corresponding plasma total diazepam concentrations were lower in the older subjects beyond 0.5 h post dose and the concentrations of plasma desmethyldiazepam did not differ between the groups. Diazepam plasma protein binding was significantly reduced in the elderly subjects, but the plasma free (unbound) diazepam concentrations did not exceed those in the young group. There was poor correlation between the responses measured and the concentrations of either total diazepam, desmethyldiazepam or free diazepam. The results suggest the occurrence of a non-uniform effect of age on different aspects of benzodiazepine response, and that where an accentuated effect occurs the mechanisms are substantially pharmacodynamic. AUSwift CG; Ewen JM; Clarke P; Stevenson IH EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p111-8 MJDiazepam /PD MNAdult; Aged; Aging; Demethyldiazepam /BL; Diazepam /AD /BL; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Posture /DE; Protein Binding; Psychomotor Performance /DE MTFemale; Human; Male RN61197-73-7 (triazulenone) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000314 TISingle dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral loprazolam in the elderly. ABThe pharmacokinetics of the benzodiazepine hypnotic, loprazolam (1.0 mg orally), and the pharmacodynamic response to single oral doses (0.5 mg and 1.0 mg) have been compared in young and elderly healthy volunteers. No difference between the groups in peak plasma concentration (Cmax) or in the time to peak (tmax) was found, but the elimination half-life t1/2,z and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were significantly greater in the elderly group. The immediate effects of loprazolam on all three performance tests used (postural sway, critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT) and choice reaction time (CRT] and on subjective sedation tended to be more pronounced in the elderly subjects, though intersubject variability in response was high in both groups. The corresponding plasma concentrations did not differ significantly between the two groups. The higher (1.0 mg) dosage was associated with significant residual (11 h) impairment of standing steadiness in the elderly subjects. No other hangover effects were observed. The results are compatible with previous evidence of increased 'sensitivity' to benzodiazepines in the elderly and suggest that a lower (0.5 mg) starting dose of loprazolam would be appropriate for older recipients. Further investigation would be necessary to establish whether clinically relevant accumulation of loprazolam occurs in the elderly following repeated dosage. AUSwift CG; Swift MR; Ankier SI; Pidgen A; Robinson J EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p119-28 MJBenzodiazepine Tranquilizers; Benzodiazepinones MNAdministration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aging; Benzodiazepine Tranquilizers /PD; Benzodiazepinones /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flicker Fusion /DE; Half-Life; Kinetics; Posture /DE; Reaction Time /DE MTFemale; Human; Male RN50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 57-41-0 (Phenytoin); 60-80-0 (Antipyrine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000315 TIAnticonvulsant therapy and cortisol elimination. ABThe effect of anticonvulsant therapy on early morning concentration of cortisol in saliva and plasma was assessed in a group of epileptic patients receiving regular phenytoin medication and the results compared with those obtained from a group of normal subjects not receiving drug therapy. Values of cortisol in matched samples of plasma (331 +/- 23 nmol l-1, mean +/- s.e. mean, n = 6) and saliva (11.4 +/- 0.9 nmol l-1, mean +/- s.e. mean, n = 9) provided by epileptics did not differ significantly from those in the plasma (334 +/- 41 nmol l-1, mean +/- s.e. mean) and saliva (12.0 +/- 2.0 nmol-1, mean +/- s.e. mean) of healthy volunteers (n = 12). Six anticonvulsant-treated epileptics, together with six age and sex matched normal volunteers, each received intravenous dexamethasone (1 mg h-1) to determine the half-life of cortisol in plasma and saliva. In the anticonvulsant-treated group, the half-life of cortisol in plasma (73 +/- 5 min, mean +/- s.e. mean) and saliva (83 +/- 5 min, mean +/- s.e. mean) was reduced significantly (P less than 0.01 plasma, P less than 0.05 saliva) from that observed in healthy volunteers. In patients, the half life of cortisol and antipyrine showed a significant correlation (r2 = 0.75, P less than 0.05 plasma, r2 = 0.71, P less than 0.05 saliva). The antipyrine half-life in saliva was reduced significantly (P less than 0.02) and the antipyrine clearance rate, increased significantly (P less than 0.005) in the treated epileptic group, reflecting drug-induced microsomal enzyme production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUEvans PJ; Walker RF; Peters JR; Dyas J; Riad-Fahmy D; Thomas JP; Rimmer E; Tsanaclis L; Scanlon MF EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p129-32 MJAnticonvulsants; Hydrocortisone /ME; Saliva MNAdult; Antipyrine /ME; Dexamethasone /DU; Hydrocortisone /BL; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Age; Phenytoin /TU MTFemale; Human; Male RN5534-95-2 (Pentagastrin); 78442-39-4 (L 643441) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000316 TIL-643.441: an H2-receptor antagonist with potent and long-lasting effects in man. ABSubmaximal dose pentagastrin tests conducted in normal male volunteers with L-643.441, a novel histamine H2-receptor antagonist, indicate that it is a potent and long-acting inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. The effect appears dose-dependent and single doses of 50 mg are sufficient to reduce secretory potential by at least 50% when examined 24 h after drug administration. No adverse effects attributable to treatment were observed. AUHenry DA; Somerville KW; Kitchingman GK; Holmes IB; Tobert JA; Langman MJ EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p133-6 MJGastric Acid; Histamine H2 Receptor Blockaders; Thiadiazoles MNAdult; Chemistry; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Pentagastrin /AI; Time Factors MTHuman; Male RNEC 3.4.23.1 (Pepsin); 73590-58-6 (omeprazole) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000317 TIAntisecretory effect and oral pharmacokinetics following low dose omeprazole in man. ABThe effects of single and repeated doses of omeprazole 10 mg on gastric secretion were studied in a group of six healthy subjects. Single doses had no significant effect on basal or stimulated acid output. After 7 days of treatment, there was a 93.1% reduction in basal acid output (P less than 0.02) and a 66.5% reduction in stimulated output (P less than 0.01). Pepsin output was not affected. Systemic availability of omeprazole, as reflected in the AUC, increased significantly (P less than 0.05) with repeated dosing. Low doses of omeprazole can produce substantial reductions in acid output after repeated dosing. AUHowden CW; Forrest JA; Meredith PA; Reid JL EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p137-9 MJBenzimidazoles /PD; Gastric Acid MNAdministration, Oral; Adult; Benzimidazoles /BL; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Kinetics; Pepsin /SE MTHuman; Male RN60560-33-0 (pinacidil) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000318 TIThe effects of long-acting pinacidil on intra-arterial blood pressure. ABWe have tested the efficacy of a new long-acting preparation of pinacidil, an arterial vasodilator, using continuous intra-arterial ambulatory blood pressure recording. An acute dose produced a measurable effect lasting for 12 h. The duration of this effect was less during chronic twice daily drug administration. Side effects were common, causing two out of nine patients to withdraw from the study. Tilt testing produced no postural hypotension and there was no evidence of rebound hypertension on the withdrawal day. AUCaruana MP; Al-Khawaja I; Royston P; Raftery EB EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p140-3 MJAntihypertensive Agents /PD; Blood Pressure; Guanidines /PD MNAntihypertensive Agents /AD /AE; Delayed-Action Preparations; Guanidines /AD /AE; Hypertension /PP; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN525-66-6 (Propranolol) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000319 TIEffects of long-acting propranolol on blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive Chinese. ABIn a double-blind, balanced and randomised study we used treadmill exercise to assess the effects of long-acting propranolol (LA propranolol) 160 or 320 mg or placebo, given once daily for 4 weeks, on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) in 15 Chinese subjects with mild primary hypertension (PHT). We used 24 h ECG monitoring to assess drug effects on HR. Another 18 patients were similarly assessed without exercise. Steady-state plasma propranolol concentrations after LA propranolol 160 and 320 mg were comparable to those after ordinary propranolol 80 and 160 mg daily measured in 11 and 12 separate patients. LA propranolol 160 and 320 mg reduced HR and BP before and during vigorous exercise. LA propranolol 160 and 320 mg reduced HR for 17.6 and 21.4 h of the day, and 320 mg significantly reduced the mean 24 h HR, and the mean maximum HR. The drug effects on BP and HR, and the average plasma propranolol levels after LA propranolol were similar to those reported in European subjects. AUOh VM; Chia BL; Taylor EA EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p144-7 MJBlood Pressure; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Propranolol /TU MNAdult; China /EH; Delayed-Action Preparations; Double-Blind Method; Exercise Test; Middle Age; Propranolol /AD; Random Allocation MTFemale; Human; Male RN147-84-2 (Diethyldithiocarbamate); 299-11-6 (Methylphenazonium Methosulfate); 5011-34-7 (Trimetazidine); 542-78-9 (Malondialdehyde); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000320 TIEffect of trimetazidine on membrane damage induced by oxygen free radicals in human red cells. ABThe effect of trimetazidine, 1-(2, 3, 4 trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine di-hydrochloride, on membrane damage induced by oxygen free radicals in red cells was studied in seven healthy volunteers after oral administration. Red cells collected prior to and after a 7 day treatment period with trimetazidine were incubated in the presence of phenazine methosulphate (an intracellular oxygen free radical generator) and diethyldithiocarbamate (a Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase inhibitor). The loss of intracellular K+ induced by oxygen free radicals and the membrane content of peroxidated lipids were significantly reduced in red cells collected after the period of treatment. These results indicate a potent antioxidant activity of trimetazidine which could explain its cardioprotective role during ischaemic and reperfusion phases in which oxygen free radicals are generated and probably implicated in the genesis of cardiac cell injury. AUMaridonneau-Parini I; Harpey C EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p148-51 MJErythrocyte Membrane; Oxygen; Piperazines; Trimetazidine MNAdult; Cell Membrane Permeability /DE; Diethyldithiocarbamate /PD; Free Radicals; Malondialdehyde /DU; Methylphenazonium Methosulfate /PD; Potassium /BL MTFemale; Human; Male RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 39562-70-4 (nitrendipine); 63675-72-9 (nisoldipine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000321 TIEx vivo effects of nifedipine, nisoldipine and nitrendipine on filterability of red blood cells from healthy volunteers. ABIn a balanced, randomised and double-blind trial, the effects of single oral dose of nifedipine, nitrendipine and nisoldipine were compared with placebo in eight healthy volunteers. Red cell filterability, measured with a gravity driven filtration technique, was not significantly altered by any of the three calcium antagonists compared with placebo, when RBCs were filtered within 2 h of venepuncture. Storage of RBCs for 24 h at 25 degrees C, however, significantly reduced RBC filterability compared with 2 h (P less than 0.05), but the reduction after nifedipine and nitrendipine was significantly (P less than 0.05) less than after placebo. The above results demonstrate an effect of calcium antagonists on filterability of stored RBCs. AUSowemimo-Coker SO; Debbas NM; Kovacs IB; Turner P EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p152-4 MJErythrocyte Deformability; Nifedipine MNAdult; Double-Blind Method; Random Allocation MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000322 TIHaemodialysis does not affect the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine. ABTo establish dosage recommendations in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing chronic haemodialysis, nifedipine kinetics were studied between and during haemodialysis sessions. In eight patients, during the interdialytic period, peak plasma concentrations of nifedipine (29-332 ng/ml) were reached 0.5-1.0 h after administration of a single 10 mg oral dose. Elimination half-life and oral plasma clearance were respectively 2.6 +/- 0.5 h and 1 176 +/- 412 ml/min. Nifedipine plasma protein binding was decreased in uraemic patients (88.8 +/- 0.3% vs 94.4 +/- 0.1%) but not affected by haemodialysis. Removal by haemodialysis was low: the dialyser extraction ratio and the dialysis clearance were respectively 2.3 +/- 0.8% and 2.8 +/- 0.9 ml/min. AUMartre H; Sari R; Taburet AM; Jacobs C; Singlas E EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p155-8 MJHemodialysis; Nifedipine MNAdult; Aged; Blood Proteins /ME; Kinetics; Mathematics; Middle Age; Models, Biological; Protein Binding MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 50-24-8 (Prednisolone); 60-27-5 (Creatinine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000323 TIPrednisolone protein binding in renal transplant patients. ABPrednisolone pharmacokinetics and protein binding characteristics were studied in 10 renal transplant patients with various degrees of renal function (serum creatinine: 80-380 mumol/l) who received their usual oral maintenance dose of prednisolone (0.18 +/- 0.04 mg/kg). Plasma was assayed for prednisolone and hydrocortisone by h.p.l.c. and free prednisolone concentrations were determined in each sample by a rapid ultrafiltration technique. Free prednisolone area under curve (AUCu) ranged from 101 to 436 ng ml-1 h and was 6.3 to 15.0% of total prednisolone AUC. The fraction AUCu/AUC was closely related to serum albumin and creatinine concentrations determined at the time of study (multilinear regression correlation coefficient r2 = 0.830, P less than 0.0001); elevated serum creatinine and low albumin concentrations were associated with a higher % free. These results suggest that much of the variability in prednisolone protein binding could be attributed to inter-patient variability in serum albumin and creatinine concentrations. Total prednisolone concentrations would be potentially misleading in any comparisons made between patient groups with different renal function. AUReece PA; Disney AP; Stafford I; Shastry JC EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p159-62 MJBlood Proteins; Kidney; Prednisolone /BL MNAdult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Creatinine /BL; Hydrocortisone /BL; Middle Age; Prednisolone /AD; Protein Binding; Serum Albumin /AN; Ultrafiltration MTFemale; Human; Male RN16960-16-0 (Cosyntropin); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 65277-42-1 (Ketoconazole) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000324 TIEffects of single and multiple doses of ketoconazole on adrenal function in normal subjects. ABThe plasma cortisol response to 0.25 mg tetracosactrin given by intramuscular injection was suppressed by nine oral doses of 200 mg ketoconazole given 12 hourly to nine normal female subjects. No effect was noted following a single 200 mg oral dose of ketoconazole. This suppressive effect was reversible within at least 5 days of discontinuation of ketoconazole. AUBradbrook ID; Gillies HC; Morrison PJ; Robinson J; Rogers HJ; Spector RG EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p163-5 MJAdrenal Cortex; Ketoconazole MNAdrenal Cortex Function Tests; Adult; Cosyntropin /DU; Hydrocortisone /BL; Ketoconazole /PD; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN66357-35-5 (Ranitidine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000325 TIPharmacokinetics of ranitidine in quadriplegics. ABIn a previous study we observed that quadriplegic patients were unresponsive to ranitidine given in high dose (600 mg day-1 intravenously) for prophylaxis of stress ulceration. The pharmacokinetics of 100 mg of intravenous ranitidine have therefore been studied in six male quadriplegic patients. Plasma drug concentrations declined in a biexponential fashion. The mean (+/- s.e. mean) distribution half-life was 9.42 (+/- 1.04) min. The terminal plasma elimination half-life 1.79 (+/- 0.12) h, the volume of distribution 103 (+/- 17) litres and total body clearance 663 (+/- 86) ml/min. These values are similar to those described in two published studies performed in normal male volunteers. This suggests that there is no pharmacokinetic reason for the quadriplegics to be resistant to ranitidine and the defect is likely to be related to vagal control of acid secretion. AUMore DG; Watson CJ; Boutagy JS; Shenfield GM EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p166-9 MJQuadriplegia; Ranitidine; Stomach Ulcer MNAdult; Kinetics; Middle Age; Models, Biological; Quadriplegia /CO; Ranitidine /TU; Stress /CO MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine); 66357-35-5 (Ranitidine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000326 TIThe effect of ranitidine on the disposition of lignocaine. ABThe effect of pretreatment with ranitidine (150 mg twice daily for 5 days) on the disposition of lignocaine was examined in 10 healthy volunteers (five male, five female). Each subject received separate oral (250 mg) and intravenous (1.5 mg/kg) doses of lignocaine hydrochloride before and after ranitidine. Lignocaine systemic clearance was reduced by 9% (1.11 to 0.99 1 h-1 kg-1; P less than 0.01) following ranitidine pretreatment. The volume of distribution at steady-state was reduced by 15% (3.34 to 2.85 1 kg-1; P less than 0.005). Lignocaine oral clearance, elimination half-life and oral bioavailability were unchanged after ranitidine pretreatment. There was no sex difference in the effects of ranitidine pretreatment on lignocaine disposition. These results are consistent with small reductions in blood flow to the splanchnic and other vascular beds due to ranitidine. AURobson RA; Wing LM; Miners JO; Lillywhite KJ; Birkett DJ EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p170-3 MJLidocaine; Ranitidine MNAdolescence; Adult; Biological Availability /DE; Drug Interactions; Metabolic Clearance Rate /DE MTFemale; Human; Male RN103-90-2 (Acetaminophen) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000327 TIEffect of short surgical procedures on salivary paracetamol elimination. ABThe effect of short surgical procedures on paracetamol elimination was studied in seven male patients undergoing surgery with epidural anaesthesia. Five healthy volunteers who did not undergo surgery served as a control group. Paracetamol concentration was measured in saliva at various intervals 1 day before and after surgery. Paracetamol half-life (t1/2,z) decreased and metabolic clearance rate (CL) increased after surgery as compared to preoperative values. The results suggest that surgical stress may enhance the hepatic metabolism of paracetamol. AURay K; Adithan C; Bapna JS; Kangle PR; Ray K; Ramakrishnan S EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p174-6 MJAcetaminophen; Saliva; Surgery, Operative MNAdult; Hernia, Inguinal /SU; Hydrocele /SU; Kinetics; Time Factors MTHuman; Male RN81-81-2 (Warfarin) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000328 TIA model which predicts maintenance warfarin dosage requirements from the response to a single dose [letter] AUPeterson GM; McLean S; Jupe DM; Griffith RL; Roberts JR EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p177-8 MJWarfarin MNAdult; Aged; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Middle Age; Models, Biological MTFemale; Human; Male RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000330 TIConsequences of inflammatory processes on lignocaine protein binding during anaesthesia in fibreoptic bronchoscopy [letter] AUBruguerolle B; Philip-Joet F; Arnaud C; Arnaud A EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p180-1 MJAnesthesia, Local; Bronchoscopy; Inflammation; Lidocaine MNMiddle Age; Protein Binding MTHuman RN51-06-9 (Procainamide); 66357-35-5 (Ranitidine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000331 TIRanitidine and procainamide absorption [letter] AUSomogyi A; Bochner F EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p182-3 MJIntestinal Absorption; Procainamide; Ranitidine MNDrug Interactions MTHuman RN42200-33-9 (nadolol) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000332 TINadolol in essential hypertension: effect on ambulatory blood pressure, renal haemodynamics and cardiac function. ABChronic administration of nadolol has been reported to reduce blood pressure either without or with a concomitant fall of renal blood flow. We therefore studied the effects of nadolol 80 mg once daily on ambulatory blood pressure, renal and systemic haemodynamics in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Ten patients took part in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, each phase of which lasted 4 weeks. Nadolol significantly reduced ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate, but had no effect on blood pressure variability. Cardiac output was significantly reduced by nadolol and total peripheral resistance increased but without reaching statistical significance. Despite the fall in blood pressure and cardiac output, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged. The fraction of cardiac output reaching the kidneys rose significantly and renal vascular resistance was significantly reduced. Body weight, urinary sodium excretion and urine flow rate remained unchanged. We conclude that nadolol 80 mg once daily lowers ambulatory blood pressure in patients with mild to moderate hypertension without impairment of renal blood flow, indicating a redistribution of cardiac output to the kidneys. The mechanism of the renal vasodilator effect of nadolol remains to be determined. AUDupont AG; Vanderniepen P; Bossuyt AM; Jonckheer MH; Six RO EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p93-9 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Blood Pressure; Hemodynamics; Hypertension; Propanolamines; Renal Circulation MNDouble-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Middle Age; Random Allocation MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 1.13.11.12 (Lipoxygenases); 363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 480-22-8 (Anthralin); 59985-28-3 (12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid); 7771-44-0 (arachidonic acid) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000333 TILipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid in human inflamed skin. ABMonohydroxy acids (HETEs) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) metabolites of arachidonic acid were measured in skin of healthy volunteers after ultraviolet B irradiation, and in the uninvolved skin of psoriatics after topical dithranol application. Exudate was collected from suction bullae on control and inflamed abdominal skin, and analysed for 12-HETE and PGE2 by GC-MS and LTB4 by bioassay. 12-HETE and PGE2 were raised at 24 h but not at 72 h after u.v.B irradiation: control and 24 h values were 13.7 and 41.5 ng ml-1 (P less than 0.05, n = 6) for 12-HETE respectively, and 4.5 and 30.2 ng ml-1 (P less than 0.01, n = 6) for PGE2. Dithranol application raised PGE2 levels from 23.1 ng ml-1 in control exudate to 62 ng ml-1 (P less than 0.01, n = 6) at 24 h before declining to base levels at 72 h. However, 12-HETE was raised at 72 h (200 ng ml-1, P less than 0.01, n = 5) but not at 24 h (104 ng ml-1) compared to control levels (50 ng ml-1, n = 5). The levels of the LTB4 were low (less than 100 pg ml-1), and no significant increases were observed. Arachidonic acid in inflamed skin can be metabolised by the cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase pathway. It is probable that the lipoxygenase product 12-HETE is involved in these inflammatory reactions. AUBlack AK; Barr RM; Wong E; Brain S; Greaves MW; Dickinson R; Shroot B; Hensby CN EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Sep 1985, 20(3) p185-90 MJArachidonic Acids; Inflammation /ME; Lipoxygenases; Skin /ME MNAdult; Anthralin /PD; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids /ME; Inflammation /EN /ET; Leukotrienes B /ME; Prostaglandins E /ME; Psoriasis /EN /ME; Radiation Injuries /EN /ME; Skin /EN; Time Factors; Ultraviolet Rays MTHuman; Male RN146-48-5 (Yohimbine); 21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 52-53-9 (Verapamil); 63675-72-9 (nisoldipine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000334 TIEffects of verapamil and nisoldipine on human platelets: in vivo and in vitro studies. ABInhibition of platelet aggregation was observed after 4 days of oral dosing with the calcium antagonists, verapamil (160 mg) or nisoldipine (20 mg) but not following acute dosing. These effects were observed at plasma concentrations that had no effect on platelet aggregation when investigated in vitro. Verapamil added in vitro inhibited adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation at relatively low concentrations (IC50 16 microM) but only inhibited aggregation to adenosine diphosphate at very high concentrations (IC50 700 microM). Nisoldipine, a dihydropyridine, added in vitro had no effect on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate but inhibited by 67%, the secondary phase of platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline. Verapamil but not nisoldipine displaced [3H]-yohimbine from the specific binding sites on human platelets, suggesting an interaction with alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Inhibition of adrenaline-induced aggregation by verapamil in vitro may be a result of antagonism of alpha 2-adrenoceptors but long term treatment with both verapamil and nisoldipine also inhibits platelet aggregation mechanisms other than by alpha 2-adrenoceptor blockade. AUJones CR; Pasanisi F; Elliott HL; Reid JL EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Sep 1985, 20(3) p191-6 MJBlood Platelets; Calcium Channel Blockers; Nifedipine; Verapamil MNAdult; Blood Platelets /ME; Nifedipine /PD; Platelet Aggregation /DE; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /ME; Yohimbine /ME MTHuman; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.8 (Kallikrein); 29122-68-7 (Atenolol); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 86880-51-5 (ICI 141,292) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000335 TIIntrinsic sympathomimetic activity of cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blockers and effects on renal function. ABThe effects of a 21 infusion of isotonic sodium chloride on renal haemodynamics and sodium excretion were measured in nine normotensive volunteers. Changes in these responses to volume expansion induced by cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blockade by drugs with (epanolol) and without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (atenolol) were examined. Renal plasma flow was significantly lower before, during and after sodium chloride infusion whilst on treatment with atenolol compared with epanolol. Urinary sodium excretion was lower on atenolol than epanolol. Glomerular filtration rate was unchanged by either drug. Basal urinary kallikrein excretion was diminished by atenolol and both epanolol and atenolol inhibited the rise in urinary kallikrein excretion after sodium chloride infusion. Although some of these findings may be due to a more potent hypotensive effect of atenolol, intrinsic sympathomimetic activity may contribute to the apparent protective effects of epanolol on renal function. AUMackay IG; Macnicol AM; Smith HJ; Cumming AD; Watson ML EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Sep 1985, 20(3) p197-203 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Heart; Kidney; Sympathomimetics MNAdult; Atenolol /PD; Blood Pressure /DE; Double-Blind Method; Glomerular Filtration Rate /DE; Heart Rate /DE; Kallikrein /UR; Propanolamines /PD; Renal Circulation /DE; Sodium /UR MTFemale; Human; Male RN13523-86-9 (Pindolol); 23031-25-6 (Terbutaline); 37350-58-6 (Metoprolol) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000336 TIVentilatory effects of long-term treatment with pindolol and metoprolol in hypertensive patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. ABEffects of long-term treatment with pindolol (10 mg twice daily) and metoprolol (100 mg twice daily) on lung function and blood pressure were investigated in eight patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and hypertension. After a placebo period, both beta-adrenoceptor blockers were administered double-blind and cross-over for 4 weeks. By assessing parameters of expiratory flow an attempt was made to distinguish between large and small airways function. Diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly during both pindolol and metoprolol (P less than 0.01). Except for a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) during metoprolol treatment, there was no other change in expiratory flow parameters after placebo or both beta-adrenoceptor blockers. Inhalation of terbutaline induced a small improvement in large airways function after placebo and metoprolol, but not after pindolol; there was no effect of terbutaline on parameters of small airways function. If a beta-adrenoceptor blocker is necessary in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, a beta 1-adrenoceptor selective blocker is preferred in combination with bronchodilator agents. AULammers JW; Folgering HT; van Herwaarden CL EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Sep 1985, 20(3) p205-10 MJHypertension /DT; Lung Diseases, Obstructive /DT; Metoprolol; Pindolol; Respiration MNAdult; Forced Expiratory Volume; Hypertension /CO /PP; Lung Diseases, Obstructive /CO /PP; Middle Age; Terbutaline /TU MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); EC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone); 55-63-0 (Glyceryl Trinitrate); 59-42-7 (Phenylephrine); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000337 TIThe effect of enalapril on baroreceptor mediated reflex function in normotensive subjects. ABThe effects of enalapril, 20 mg orally, on the responses to baroreflex activation and deactivation by respectively phenylephrine and nitroglycerin were investigated in normotensive subjects on a normal sodium diet, with simultaneous measurement of plasma renin activity (PRA), converting enzyme activity (PCEA), aldosterone and catecholamines. Enalapril, 4 h after administration, lowered artificial blood pressure without modifying heart rate and plasma catecholamines. PCEA was abolished, PRA increased and plasma aldosterone decreased. Enalapril (a) displaced to the left the baroreflex set-point, (b) did not affect baroreflex sensitivity since the slopes of the RR-interval/systolic blood pressure regression lines remained unchanged during both activation and deactivation and (c) did not modify baroreflex efficacy since the maximal RR-interval responses as well as the overall RR-interval-time products to identical blood pressure variations were not modified. Thus, enalapril induced a resetting of the baroreflex, which probably accounts for the lack of reflex tachycardia observed during the drug-induced fall in blood pressure. AUGiudicelli JF; Berdeaux A; Edouard A; Richer C; Jacolot D EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Sep 1985, 20(3) p211-8 MJEnalapril; Pressoreceptors; Reflex MNAdult; Aldosterone /BL; Catecholamines /BL; Glyceryl Trinitrate /PD; Hemodynamics /DE; Kininase II /BL; Middle Age; Phenylephrine /PD; Renin /BL MTHuman; Male RN525-66-6 (Propranolol); 58-55-9 (Theophylline); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000338 TISelectivity and dose-dependency of the inhibitory effect of propranolol on theophylline metabolism in man. ABThe effects of separate 5 day pretreatments of propranolol 120 mg day-1 and 720 mg day-1 on theophylline clearance and metabolism at steady-state were determined in seven healthy males. Propranolol 120 mg day-1 decreased theophylline plasma clearance (CL) by 30%. Clearance of theophylline to each metabolite was reduced by this treatment, clearances to the two demethylated products by 42-43% and clearance to the 8-hydroxylation product by 27%. Propranolol 720 mg day-1 decreased theophylline CL by 52%. Again, clearance of theophylline to each metabolite was reduced by this treatment, clearances to the two demethylation products by 73-77% and clearance to the 8-hydroxylation product by 44%. These data are consistent with a dose-dependent and selective inhibitory effect of propranolol on the separate forms of cytochrome P-450 involved in theophylline demethylation and 8-hydroxylation. AUMiners JO; Wing LM; Lillywhite KJ; Robson RA EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Sep 1985, 20(3) p219-23 MJPropranolol; Theophylline /ME MNAdult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytochrome P-450 /AI; Dealkylation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hydroxylation; Kinetics; Theophylline /BL MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN22494-42-4 (Diflunisal); 604-75-1 (Oxazepam); 6801-81-6 (oxazepam glucuronide) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000339 TIThe influence of diflunisal on the pharmacokinetics of oxazepam. ABSingle dose pharmacokinetics of oxazepam, 30 mg, have been studied in six healthy male volunteers in the absence of diflunisal and during continuous treatment with diflunisal 500 mg twice daily. During diflunisal treatment, peak plasma concentration of oxazepam significantly decreased from 387 +/- 18 ng ml-1 (mean +/- s.e. mean) to 241 +/- 10 ng ml-1 and total area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) significantly decreased from 5536 +/- 819 ng ml-1 h to 4643 +/- 562 ng ml-1 h. The AUC of oxazepam glucuronide significantly increased from 4771 +/- 227 ng ml-1 h to 8116 +/- 644 ng ml-1 h and its elimination half-life increased from 10.0 +/- 0.6 h to 13.0 +/- 1.0 h. Renal clearance for oxazepam glucuronide was significantly reduced from 74 +/- 2 ml min-1 to 46 +/- 3 ml min-1. In vitro, diflunisal, at concentrations of 125 to 1000 micrograms ml-1, significantly displaced oxazepam from its plasma protein binding, the free fraction of oxazepam increasing by 28 to 56%. The free fraction of oxazepam glucuronide, ex vivo, increased by 49 +/- 5% (n = 3) during concomitant diflunisal treatment. These data suggest that the observed interaction between oxazepam and diflunisal results from a presystemic displacement of oxazepam from its plasma protein binding sites by diflunisal and from an inhibition of the tubular secretion of oxazepam glucuronide by the glucuronides of diflunisal. AUvan Hecken AM; Tjandramaga TB; Verbesselt R; de Schepper PJ EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Sep 1985, 20(3) p225-34 MJDiflunisal; Oxazepam /ME; Salicylic Acids MNAdult; Blood Proteins /ME; Kinetics; Oxazepam /AA; Protein Binding MTHuman; Male RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 63675-72-9 (nisoldipine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000340 TIThe effect of nisoldipine on apparent liver blood flow and effective renal plasma flow. ABThe effects of the acute and continued administration of the calcium antagonist nisoldipine on hepatic and renal blood flow and on renal function were studied in nine normotensive volunteers. There were no significant changes in supine blood pressure or heart rate but acute administration significantly increased both apparent liver blood flow and effective renal plasma flow. With continued administration these increases were attenuated and were not significantly different from placebo after 4 days treatment. Acute nisoldipine administration was also associated with significant increases in glomerular filtration rate and urinary sodium excretion. AUMeredith PA; Pasanisi F; Elliott HL; Reid JL EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Sep 1985, 20(3) p235-7 MJCalcium Channel Blockers; Liver Circulation; Nifedipine; Renal Circulation MNAdult; Glomerular Filtration Rate /DE; Nifedipine /PD; Time Factors MTHuman; Male IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000342 TIThe share of the elderly men and women in the commonest causes of death. AUHaleem MA EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p215-8 MJMortality MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; England; Infant; Middle Age; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN56-54-2 (Quinidine); 747-45-5 (kinidin-duretter) IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000343 TISupraventricular arrhythmias--digoxin and quinidine revisited. AUOng ML; Jackson G EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p219, 234 MJAnti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Quinidine MNAged; Middle Age MTHuman IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000344 TIThe surgical treatment of thyroid disease in a district general hospital. AUDawson PM EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p220-4 MJThyroid Diseases MNAdult; Aged; Hyperthyroidism /SU; Middle Age; Retrospective Studies MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000345 TIHome-monitoring of blood glucose--patient preference for 'BM-Test Glycemie 20-800' strips or 'Glucometer'. AUGermer S; Campbell IW EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p225-7 MJBlood Glucose; Consumer Satisfaction; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent; Indicators and Reagents; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Reagent Strips MNAdolescence; Adult; Middle Age; Self Care MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN480-22-8 (Anthralin) IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000346 TIA comparison of Antraderm stick 1% and 2% with dithranol paste 0.25% and 0.5% respectively in the treatment of psoriasis. AUEilard U; Edin L EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p232-4 MJAnthracenes; Anthralin; Psoriasis MNAdult; Aged; Anthralin /TU; Consumer Satisfaction; Middle Age; Ointments MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN55-63-0 (Glyceryl Trinitrate) IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000347 TIEfficacy and acceptability of sustained release glyceryl trinitrate (Sustac) tablets at high dosage in patients with severe angina pectoris. AUSterndorff B EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p235-7 MJAngina Pectoris; Glyceryl Trinitrate MNAdult; Aged; Delayed-Action Preparations; Glyceryl Trinitrate /TU; Middle Age; Patient Compliance MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN299-42-3 (Ephedrine); 486-12-4 (Triprolidine); 58-73-1 (Diphenhydramine); 8054-27-1 (actifed) IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000348 TIBenylin expectorant versus actifed expectorant in the treatment of acute cough. AUJaffe GV; Grimshaw JJ EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p238-42 MJCough; Diphenhydramine; Ephedrine; Expectorants; Pyridines; Triprolidine MNAdult; Consumer Satisfaction; Drug Combinations /TU; Middle Age; Patient Compliance MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000349 TISpastic paraparesis with cirrhosis of liver. AURab SM; Hussain SM EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p244-6 MJLiver Cirrhosis; Paraplegia MNAdult; Liver Cirrhosis /SU; Middle Age; Muscle Spasticity; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Postoperative Complications MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000350 TIAvascular necrosis of the coccyx: a cause of coccydynia? Case report and histological findings in 16 patients. AULourie J; Young S EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p247-8 MJCoccyx /PP; Osteonecrosis; Pain MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Coccyx /PA; Middle Age; Osteonecrosis /PA MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN64952-97-2 (Moxalactam) IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000351 TIFatal retroperitoneal bleeding following Latamoxef (Moxalactam) use. AUAl-Fallouji MA; Al-Quisi NK EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p249 MJHemorrhage; Moxalactam MNAged; Retroperitoneal Space MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000352 TIMalabsorption and polymyositis in a case of congenital methaemoglobinaemia. AUPacke GE; Kubik MM EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p250-1 MJMalabsorption Syndromes; Methemoglobinemia; Myositis MNMethemoglobinemia /CO; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000353 TIInfertility management in the 'eighties. AUPhilipp E EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Aug 1985, 39(8) p303-6 MJInfertility, Female; Infertility, Male MNInfertility, Female /ET /TH; Infertility, Male /ET /TH MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000354 TIComplications of non-absorbable ligatures in thyroid surgery. AUHall CN; Jamison MH; MacLennan I EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Aug 1985, 39(8) p307-9 MJAbscess; Surgical Wound Infection; Sutures; Thyroidectomy MNAbsorption; Adult; Ligation; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications /ET MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000355 TISeat belts and breast disease. AUDerodra JD; Perry PM EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Aug 1985, 39(8) p310 MJFibrocystic Disease of Breast; Mastectomy; Pain; Seat Belts MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Postoperative Period MTFemale; Human IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000356 TIA comparative trial of urinary incontinence aids. AUSmith BM EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Aug 1985, 39(8) p311-24 MJBedding and Linens; Urinary Incontinence MNBedding and Linens /EC; Costs and Cost Analysis; England; Evaluation Studies MTComparative Study; Human IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000357 TISenile dementia and stroke--therapeutic possibilities. Proceedings of a symposium. Amsterdam, 6 December 1984. EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p1-49, I-XXVIII MJCerebrovascular Disorders; Dementia, Senile MNAged MTHuman RN11032-41-0 (Dihydroergotoxine) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000358 TIThe effects of Hydergine on neurotransmitters. AUErmini M EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p11-5 MJDihydroergotoxine; Neuroregulators MNAlzheimer's Disease /DT /ME; Brain /DE /ME; Dementia, Senile /DT /ME; Dihydroergotoxine /TU; Models, Biological; Rats MCReview MTAnimal; Human RN11032-41-0 (Dihydroergotoxine) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000359 TIThe clinical pharmacology of dihydroergotoxine mesylate (Hydergine). AUJames IM EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p21-4 MJDihydroergotoxine MNCentral Nervous System /DE; Hemodynamics /DE; Kinetics MCReview MTHuman IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000360 TICerebral blood flow and other physiological variables measured by positron emission tomography. AULegg NJ EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p25-7 MJCerebrovascular Circulation MNBrain /RI; Dementia, Senile /RI; Tomography, Emission Computed MCReview MTHuman RNEC 2.3.1.6 (Choline Acetyltransferase); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000361 TIThe ageing brain and dementia--a review. AUDavison AN EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p3-6 MJDementia, Senile /ME MNAlzheimer's Disease /CO; Cerebral Cortex /ME; Choline Acetyltransferase /ME; Cholinergic Fibers /ME; Dementia, Senile /CO; Glutamates /ME; Neuroregulators /ME MCReview MTHuman IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000362 TIPre-stroke and immediate post-stroke hypertension: neuroepidemiological data. AUSchulte BP; Leyten AC; Herman B EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p31-3 MJCerebrovascular Disorders; Hypertension MNAged; Cerebrovascular Disorders /OC; Netherlands MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000363 TIAspects of stroke trials. AUClifford Rose F EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p34-9 MJCerebrovascular Disorders; Clinical Trials MTHuman RN11032-41-0 (Dihydroergotoxine) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000364 TIEvent related evoked potentials in dementia. AUBreeze RW EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p43-4 MJDementia, Senile /PP; Evoked Potentials, Auditory MNClinical Trials; Dementia, Senile /DT; Dihydroergotoxine /TU; Double-Blind Method; Evoked Potentials, Auditory /DE MTHuman IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000365 TIThe early detection of dementia with particular reference to the memory clinic. AUExton-Smtih AN EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p45-8 MJDementia, Senile /DI; Memory Disorders /ET MNAged; Dementia, Senile /CO; Memory Disorders /DI MTHuman IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000366 TIThe vasopressin containing neurons in the human brain; changes during ageing and senile dementia. AUSwaab DF; Fliers E; Fisser B EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p7-10 MJAging; Brain; Dementia, Senile; Vasopressins MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Neurons /ME MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000367 TICeliprolol--new therapeutic horizons in beta blockade. Proceedings of a workshop. Tarrytown, New York, 16 January 1985. EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p1-100 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Propanolamines MNAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /TU; Propanolamines /TU MTHuman RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000368 TICeliprolol: pharmacokinetics and duration of pharmacodynamic activity. AUCaruso FS; Doshan HD; Hernandez PH; Costello R; Applin W; Neiss ES EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p12-6 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Propanolamines MNKinetics; Time Factors MTHuman RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000369 TIControlled clinical evaluations of celiprolol: an overview. AUNeiss ES EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p17-9 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Propanolamines MNDrug Evaluation MTHuman RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000370 TICeliprolol, clinical dosage, efficacy and safety in asthmatic and elderly patients. AUHitzenberger G EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p25-32 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Asthma; Propanolamines MNAdult; Aged; Drug Evaluation; Hypertension /DT; Middle Age; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing MTHuman RN525-66-6 (Propranolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000371 TIThe cardiopulmonary effects of celiprolol and propranolol in asymptomatic bronchial asthmatics. AUMatthys H; Pohl M; Braig H; Ruhle KH EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p33 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Asthma; Propanolamines; Propranolol MNHemodynamics /DE; Respiration /DE MTComparative Study; Human RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000372 TICeliprolol: an investigation of a new beta 1-, alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist in asthmatic patients. AURosenthal RR; Doshan HD; Applin WJ; Caruso FS EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p34-6 MJAdrenergic Alpha Receptor Blockaders; Adrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Asthma; Propanolamines MNAdult; Drug Evaluation; Middle Age; Respiratory Function Tests MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol); 77-36-1 (Chlorthalidone) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000373 TIA comparative study of celiprolol and chlorthalidone in hypertensive patients with reversible airways obstruction. AUCapone P; Mayol R; Mathieu M EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p37-9 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Asthma; Chlorthalidone; Hypertension; Propanolamines MNDrug Evaluation; Respiration /DE MTComparative Study; Human RN525-66-6 (Propranolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000374 TICeliprolol: a haemodynamic appraisal in comparison with propranolol. AUSolomon T; Gensini G; Dator C; Caruso F EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p43-4 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Hemodynamics; Propanolamines; Propranolol MNCoronary Disease /PP; Drug Evaluation; Middle Age MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN37350-58-6 (Metoprolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000375 TIComparative effects of celiprolol and metoprolol on left ventricular volume in coronary artery disease. AUSilke B; Verma SP; Frais MA; Reynolds G; Taylor SH EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p45 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Coronary Disease; Metoprolol; Propanolamines; Stroke Volume MTComparative Study; Human RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000376 TIThe cardiovascular effects of celiprolol in healthy volunteers and patients with coronary heart disease. AUHitzenberger G EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p46-51 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Coronary Disease; Hemodynamics; Propanolamines MNExertion MTHuman; Male RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000377 TICeliprolol--pharmacological profile of an unconventional beta-blocker. AUWolf PS; Smith RD; Khandwala A; Van Inwegen RG; Gordon RJ; Mann WS; Romano DV; Pruss TP EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p5-11 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Propanolamines MNBronchi /DE; Cats; Dogs; Guinea Pigs; Hemodynamics /DE; Myocardial Contraction /DE; Radioligand Assay MTAnimal RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000378 TIA double blind placebo controlled study of celiprolol in the treatment of angina pectoris. AUHarston WE; Eff J; Capone P EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p55-8 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Angina Pectoris; Propanolamines MNClinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Exercise Test MTHuman RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000379 TIA comparative study of celiprolol and placebo in the treatment of hypertension. AUCapone P; Mayol R EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p65-9 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Hypertension; Propanolamines /TU MNClinical Trials; Middle Age; Propanolamines /AE MTFemale; Human; Male RN525-66-6 (Propranolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000380 TIA comparison of celiprolol and propranolol in the treatment of hypertension in one hundred and seventy-nine subjects. AULeary P; Mayol R; Capone P EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p70-2 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Hypertension; Propanolamines; Propranolol MNClinical Trials; Double-Blind Method MTComparative Study; Human RN29122-68-7 (Atenolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000381 TIA comparison of celiprolol and atenolol in the treatment of hypertension: a placebo controlled double blind study. AUStumpe K; Kolloch R; Mathieu M; Capone P EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p73-5 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Atenolol; Hypertension; Propanolamines MNClinical Trials; Double-Blind Method MTComparative Study; Human RN29122-68-7 (Atenolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000382 TIA comparison of celiprolol and atenolol in the treatment of hypertension. AURosenthal F; Silke B; Capone P EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p76-7 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Atenolol; Hypertension; Propanolamines MNDrug Evaluation MTComparative Study; Human RN525-66-6 (Propranolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000383 TIA comparison of celiprolol and propranolol in the treatment of hypertension. AUTaylor S; Beattie A; Capone P EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p78-9 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Hypertension; Propanolamines; Propranolol MNDrug Evaluation MTComparative Study; Human RN37350-58-6 (Metoprolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000384 TIThe effects of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, celiprolol, on blood lipids. AUHitzenberger G EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p85-7 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Hyperlipidemia; Propanolamines MNLipoproteins /BL; Metoprolol /TU MTHuman RN525-66-6 (Propranolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000385 TIThe effect of celiprolol on peripheral circulation in healthy volunteers. AUEhringer H; Konecny U; Rasser W EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p91-9 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Leg; Propanolamines MNAdult; Blood Pressure /DE; Propranolol /PD; Regional Blood Flow /DE MTComparative Study; Human; Male IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000386 TIOverview: the use of diuretics in heart failure [editorial] AUTaylor SH EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 41 p1-3 MJDiuretics; Heart Failure, Congestive MNHeart Failure, Congestive /MO /PP MTHuman RN2609-46-3 (Amiloride); 54-31-9 (Furosemide); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000387 TIUrinary electrolyte excretion after frusemide, amiloride and Frumil: single dose studies. AUHamdy RC EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 41 p13-6 MJAmiloride; Furosemide; Potassium; Sodium MNAged; Drug Combinations; Heart Failure, Congestive /DT MTFemale; Human; Male RN2609-46-3 (Amiloride); 54-31-9 (Furosemide); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000388 TIUrinary electrolyte excretion after frusemide and Frumil: multiple dose study. AUHamdy RC EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 41 p17-21 MJAmiloride; Furosemide; Potassium; Sodium MNDrug Combinations; Heart Failure, Congestive /DT MTHuman RN73-48-3 (Bendroflumethiazide) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000389 TIReview: ventricular extrasystoles and thiazide treatment. AURaftery EB EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 41 p22-3 MJBendroflumethiazide; Extrasystole MNClinical Trials; Hypertension /DT MTHuman RN7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000390 TIPotassium therapy when treating heart failure with thiazide or loop diuretics. AUPoole-Wilson PA EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 41 p24-9 MJDiuretics, Thiazide; Heart Failure, Congestive; Potassium MNHypokalemia /PC MTHuman RN2609-46-3 (Amiloride); 54-31-9 (Furosemide) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000391 TIThe short and long term effects of a frusemide/amiloride combination tablet (Frumil) on plasma electrolytes. AUNorris RJ EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 41 p4-12 MJAmiloride; Electrolytes; Furosemide MNAged; Drug Combinations; Heart Failure, Congestive /BL /DT; Time Factors MTHuman RN52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000392 TISustained release verapamil workshop. Tarrytown, New York, 17 January 1985. EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 42 p1-55 MJVerapamil MNDelayed-Action Preparations MTAnimal; Human RN52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000393 TIOnce-daily verapamil--an objective evaluation in stable angina pectoris using treadmill exercise testing. AURaftery EB EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 42 p17-23 MJAngina Pectoris; Verapamil /TU MNAdult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Administration Schedule; Exercise Test; Middle Age; Verapamil /AD MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000394 TIThe drug treatment of hypertension--the place of calcium antagonists. AULouis WJ; McNeil JJ EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 42 p27-33 MJCalcium Channel Blockers; Hypertension MNAdrenergic Alpha Receptor Blockaders /TU; Adrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /TU; Adult; Diuretics, Thiazide /TU; Kininase II /AI; Middle Age MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000395 TIVerapamil in angina pectoris. AUPoole-Wilson PA EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 42 p3-8 MJAngina Pectoris; Verapamil MNExertion; Myocardial Infarction /DT MTHuman RN52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000396 TIThe efficacy of a slow-release formulation of verapamil. AUTaylor SH EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 42 p34 MJHypertension; Verapamil /TU MNDelayed-Action Preparations; Verapamil /AD MTHuman RN29122-68-7 (Atenolol); 52-53-9 (Verapamil); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol); 60-40-2 (Mecamylamine) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000397 TIThe haemodynamic and myocardial contractile effects of celiprolol, atenolol and propranolol in mecamylamine-verapamil pretreated, anaesthetised dogs. AUSmith RD; Barrett JA; Wolf PS; Pruss TP EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 42 p35-43 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Atenolol; Myocardial Contraction; Propanolamines; Propranolol MNBlood Circulation /DE; Blood Pressure /DE; Dogs; Heart Rate /DE; Mecamylamine /PD; Verapamil /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male RN52-53-9 (Verapamil); 525-66-6 (Propranolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000398 TIVerapamil and beta-blockers in hypertension: a beneficial drug interaction? AUDargie HJ EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 42 p44-7 MJHypertension; Propranolol; Verapamil MNAdult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Middle Age MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000399 TIThe bioavailability of a slow-release verapamil formulation. AUNorris RJ; Muirhead DC; Christie RB; Devane JG; Bottini PB EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 42 p9-16 MJVerapamil /ME MNAdolescence; Adult; Biological Availability; Delayed-Action Preparations; Verapamil /AD MTHuman; Male RN0 (anthracycline antibiotics); 154-42-7 (Thioguanine); 302-79-4 (Tretinoin) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000400 TIThe 1985 Walter Hubert lecture. Malignant cell differentiation as a potential therapeutic approach. ABMost drugs available for cancer chemotherapy exert their effects through cytodestruction. Although significant advances have been attained with these cytotoxic agents in several malignant diseases, response is often accompanied by significant morbidity and many common malignant tumours respond poorly to existing cytotoxic therapy. Development of chemotherapeutic agents with non-cytodestructive actions appears desirable. Considerable evidence exists which indicates that (a) the malignant state is not irreversible and represents a disease of altered maturation, and (b) some experimental tumour systems can be induced by chemical agents to differentiate to mature end-stage cells with no proliferative potential. Thus, it is conceivable that therapeutic agents can be developed which convert cancer cells to benign forms. To study the phenomenon of blocked maturation, squamous carcinoma SqCC/Y1 cells were employed in culture. Using this system it was possible to demonstrate that physiological levels of retinoic acid and epidermal growth factor were capable of preventing the differentiation of these malignant keratinocytes into a mature tissue-like structure. The terminal differentiation caused by certain antineoplastic agents was investigated in HL-60 promyelocytic leukaemia cells to provide information on the mechanism by which chemotherapeutic agents induce cells to by-pass a maturation block. The anthracyclines aclacinomycin A and marcellomycin were potent inhibitors of N-glycosidically linked glycoprotein biosynthesis and transferrin receptor activity, and active inducers of maturation; temporal studies suggested that the biochemical effects were associated with the differentiation process. 6-Thioguanine produced cytotoxicity in parental cells by forming analog nucleotide. In hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase negative HL-60 cells the 6-thiopurine initiated maturation; this action was due to the free base (and possibly the deoxyribonucleoside), a finding which separated termination of proliferation due to cytotoxicity from that caused by maturation. AUSartorelli AC EM8601 IDCA-02817; CA-28852; CA-08341 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p293-302 MJAntineoplastic Agents; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic MNCarcinoma, Squamous Cell /PA; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cell Division /DE; Cell Line; Cell Survival /DE; Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone /PD; Leukemia, Myelocytic /ME /PA; Models, Biological; Naphthacenes /PD; Thioguanine /PD; Tretinoin /PD MCReview MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 50-89-5 (Thymidine); 9012-36-6 (Sepharose) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000401 TISoft agarose culture human tumour colony forming assay for drug sensitivity testing: [3H]-thymidine incorporation vs colony counting. ABIn vitro drug sensitivity testing, both by optical colony counting and by a [3H]-TdR incorporation assay, was performed on human tumour cells proliferating in soft agar cultures. Cells from two different human tumour cell lines, 5 different human tumour xenografts, and 94 different primary human tumour specimens of various histologic types were studied. Regression analysis comparing the results of the colony counting assay and the [3H]-TdR assay revealed good to excellent correlations between the two assay endpoints for quantitating the effect of in vitro anticancer drug exposure for a large number of different agents. The presence of pre-existing tumour cell aggregates complicates the performance of the optical colony counting assay. The [3H]-TdR incorporation assay is more sensitive and reproducible than the colony counting assay when performed on samples containing a large number of initially seeded tumour cell aggregates. AUJones CA; Tsukamoto T; O'Brien PC; Uhl CB; Alley MC; Lieber MM EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p303-10 MJAntineoplastic Agents; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Thymidine; Tumor Stem Cell Assay MNCell Count; Cell Line; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms /ME; Sepharose; Transplantation, Heterologous; Tritium /DU MTFemale; Human IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000402 TINon-linearity of colony formation by human tumour cells from biopsy samples. ABThe relationship between colony numbers and concentration of cells plated is an important parameter of clonogenic assay systems. The cloning efficiency for an ideal sample should be independent of cell concentration, thus giving a straight line through the origin when colony numbers are plotted against cell concentration. A simple statistical method has been developed to test if this is the case for individual tumour samples. Colony data from 51 freshly obtained tumour samples, which had sufficient cells to plate 3 or more dilutions and gave at least 20 colonies per plate at one or more of the dilutions, were tested. The results indicated that colony formation was linear for 27 (53%) of the samples. The remaining 24 samples could be classified into 2 groups: type I, in which cloning efficiencies increased with increasing cell concentration and type II, which had reduced cloning efficiencies at high cell concentrations. Fifteen (29%) of the samples had type I non-linearity and 9 (18%) exhibited non-linearity of type II. These findings indicate that the relationship between colonies and cells plated should be examined for each biopsy sample particularly in each experiment where the effects of cytotoxic drugs are tested. AUEliason JF; Aapro MS; Decrey D; Brink-Petersen M EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p311-8 MJColony-Forming Units Assay; Neoplasms; Tumor Stem Cell Assay; Tumor Stem Cells MNBreast Neoplasms /PA; Cell Count; Cell Survival; Colonic Neoplasms /PA; Models, Biological; Ovarian Neoplasms /PA; Probability; Rectal Neoplasms /PA MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000403 TIRadiation dose and second breast cancer. ABAmongst 14,000 women with breast cancer treated between 1946 and 1982, 194 developed a second primary tumour in the contralateral breast more than one year after diagnosis of the first primary. The radiation dose to the contralateral breast was calculated for each member of this group and also for members of a control group matched for age, year of diagnosis and survival time. Comparison of the groups provides no evidence for radiation induced carcinogenesis on the contralateral breast in these patients. AUBasco VE; Coldman AJ; Elwood JM; Young ME EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p319-25 MJBreast Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Radiotherapy MNAdult; Age Factors; Aged; Breast Neoplasms /PA /RT; Middle Age; Radiotherapy Dosage; Time Factors MTFemale; Human RN33419-42-0 (Etoposide); 50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide); 59-05-2 (Methotrexate) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000404 TIThree months treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for small cell lung cancer. ABFifty-five patients with inoperable but limited stage small cell carcinoma of the bronchus and a further 15 patients with contra lateral neck nodes, pleural effusions and marrow involvement were entered into the study and treated. The 3 month treatment regimen comprised 3 courses of etoposide with cyclophosphamide at 2.5 gm-2 followed by methotrexate and radiotherapy, no maintenance treatment was given. The complete response rate in the total patient group was 54% and the partial response rate 21%. The median survival was 11 months for the 70 patients, 15 months for the complete responders, and those patients with a bronchoscopically confirmed complete response survived significantly longer. There was no significant difference between the patients with strictly limited stage disease and those in the broader category. Eight patients are tumour free and alive one year or more after the end of treatment. The median followup is 17 months. Twenty-four patients were delayed 1-2 weeks during treatment because of chemotherapy induced toxicity. Six patients died probably of infection associated with leucopaenia. The majority of the patients' Karnofsky performance improved with the treatment as did their breathlessness assessed on a respiratory score. The short intensive chemotherapy regimen of 3 months produced similar results to those following more prolonged treatment regimens. AUThatcher N; Stout R; Smith DB; Grotte G ; Winson M; Bassett H; Carroll KB EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p327-32 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Carcinoma, Oat Cell /TH; Lung Neoplasms /TH MNAdult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Carcinoma, Oat Cell /DT /MO /RT; Combined Modality Therapy; Cyclophosphamide /AD; Etoposide /AD; Lung Neoplasms /DT /MO /RT; Methotrexate /AD; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 4.2.1.11 (Phosphopyruvate Hydratase) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000405 TIEvaluation of a radioimmunoassay for neuron specific enolase in small cell lung cancer. ABA radioimmunoassay for neuron specific enolase (NSE), a marker of neuroendocrine differentiation, has been evaluated in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In untreated patients 25/38 (68%) with localized SCLC had raised blood levels of NSE (greater than 13 ng ml-1), in extensive disease 34/39 (87%) patients had raised NSE levels. In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) the serum levels were raised in 16/94 (17%). In extensive tumours of non-pulmonary origin NSE levels were increased in 24/116 (20%) patients. Longitudinal studies indicated a good correlation between the response to chemotherapy and fall of NSE levels. Tumour progression was accompanied by a rising NSE in 25/29 patients, with doubling times of 7-90 days. In patients with progression with a normal NSE the recurrence was a NSCLC. Cerebral metastases occurring as the only recurrence during clinical complete remission were not accompanied by a rise of NSE. Serum NSE levels provides a valuable monitor for SCLC during and after chemotherapy. AUCooper EH; Splinter TA; Brown DA; Muers MF; Peake MD; Pearson SL EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p333-8 MJCarcinoma, Oat Cell /EN; Lung Neoplasms /EN; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase MNCarcinoma, Oat Cell /DT; England; Longitudinal Studies; Lung Neoplasms /DT; Radioimmunoassay MTHuman IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000406 TILung cancer 1978-1981 in the black peoples of South Africa. ABMortality data on lung cancer among the black populations of South Africa, newly available from the first ever nation-wide enumerations, are analysed for age-specific rates and significant geographical and intertribal variations. This study finds a higher incidence at younger ages than among whites, an urban excess similar to other population groups in South Africa and a higher incidence among the Xhosa than Zulu. It is suggested that an anti-smoking campaign is urgently required among blacks in South Africa. AUMcGlashan ND; Harington JS EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p339-46 MJBlacks; Lung Neoplasms MNAdult; Age Factors; Aged; Middle Age; Rural Population; Sex Factors; South Africa; Urban Population MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (epithelial membrane glycoprotein) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000407 TIProduction of monoclonal antibodies against human epithelial membrane antigen for use in diagnostic immunocytochemistry. ABTwo monoclonal murine antibodies have been raised against a delipidated extract of human cream. These antibodies were detected by immunohistological screening of hybridoma culture supernatants on sections of human breast tissue. One of those antibodies (E29) was subsequently screened against a range of normal and neoplastic human tissues and shown to react with a wide variety of human epithelia and with mesothelial cells. Antibody E29 was unreactive with other cell types, with the exception of occasional plasma cells. Antibody E29 is suitable for use on paraffin embedded tissue and represents a valuable reagent for the identification of tumours of epithelial origin. AUCordell J; Richardson TC; Pulford KA; Ghosh AK; Gatter KC; Heyderman E; Mason DY EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p347-54 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Antigens, Neoplasm; Membrane Proteins; Neoplasms MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /BI /IM; Epithelium /IM; Immunoenzyme Technics; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Milk /IM; Neoplasms /IM MTAnimal; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (epithelial membrane glycoprotein) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000408 TIA new monoclonal antibody to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)-E29. A comparison of its immunocytochemical reactivity with polyclonal anti-EMA antibodies and with another monoclonal antibody, HMFG-2. ABTwo polyclonal rabbit antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), two mouse monoclonal antibodies (E29 and HMFG-2), and a ╥cocktail╙ of these two monoclonals have been compared using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Sections from 25 tissues (17 malignant and 8 benign), were examined. The distribution of staining with each of these reagents was similar, but the polyclonal antibodies produced stronger staining in colorectal carcinomas and lactating breast, whereas staining with the monoclonal antibodies was stronger in non-neoplastic pleural mesothelium and in pulmonary alveolar cells. When the two monoclonals were mixed there was no increase in staining intensity. E29 gave a ╥cleaner╙ result than HMFG-2, with better discrimination between cells and stroma, and is highly suitable for routine diagnostic histopathology. AUHeyderman E; Strudley I; Powell G; Richardson TC; Cordell JL; Mason DY EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p355-61 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Neoplasm; Membrane Proteins; Neoplasms /IM MNAntibodies /IM; Breast Neoplasms /IM; Breast /IM; Colonic Neoplasms /IM; Epithelium /IM; Immunoenzyme Technics; Neoplasms /DI MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN33419-42-0 (Etoposide); 518-28-5 (Podophyllotoxin) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000409 TIThe effect of food and concurrent chemotherapy on the bioavailability of oral etoposide. ABThere is no information on the effect of food or concurrent drug administration on the bioavailability of oral etoposide, despite the fact that treatment is frequently administered over several days and most often in combination with other cytotoxic agents. The influence of these factors has been studied in 11 patients, receiving combination cytotoxic therapy for extensive small cell lung carcinoma. Neither food nor concurrent oral or intravenous chemotherapy had a significant effect on the mean plasma concentrations of etoposide, achieved following oral administration. Wide variation in peak plasma concentrations and in area under the concentration time curve (AUC) occurred both between and within patients. It appears unnecessary for patients receiving etoposide (at 100 mg) to fast prior to drug administration. Furthermore, oral etoposide (at 100 mg and at 400 mg) may be given in combination with other cytotoxic agents without compromising its bioavailability. AUHarvey VJ; Slevin ML; Joel SP; Johnston A; Wrigley PF EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p363-7 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined; Carcinoma, Oat Cell; Etoposide /ME; Food; Lung Neoplasms; Podophyllotoxin MNAdministration, Oral; Biological Availability; Drug Interactions; Etoposide /AD; Kinetics MTHuman RN53643-48-4 (Vindesine); 54350-48-0 (Etretinate) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000410 TICytotoxicity of etretinate and vindesine. ABThe effects of an aromatic retinoid, etretinate and a vinca alkaloid, vindesine were investigated by culture of malignant melanoma cells in vitro with these two agents; either separately or in combination. Etretinate inhibited growth of a murine melanoma but only minimal effects were recorded with two human melanomas. Vindesine however, was inhibitory for all of the cell lines and this effect was enhanced in the presence of the retinoid. Entry of 3H labelled vindesine or etretinate into drug free cells was followed in the absence or presence of unlabelled drug. It was found that etretinate enhanced cellular uptake of vindesine in two of the cell lines and this may be responsible for the enhanced toxicity of vindesine in the presence of etretinate. The human melanoma which did not exhibit retinoid stimulated vindesine uptake, appeared to be intrinsically sensitive to the vinca alkaloid. No effect on cellular retinoid uptake by vindesine was recorded in any of the melanomas. The results indicate that the intracellular concentrations combined with the intrinsic sensitivities of each cell line to etretinate and vindesine determines the toxic response. AUGaukroger JM; Wilson L; MacKie R EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p369-75 MJCell Survival; Etretinate /PD; Melanoma /PA; Vindesine /PD MNCell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Etretinate /ME; Melanoma /ME; Mice; Vindesine /ME MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN13010-47-4 (Lomustine); 18883-66-4 (Streptozotocin); 54749-90-5 (chlorozotocin); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000411 TIDNA repeat length in chromatin from murine bone marrow and L1210 leukaemia cells. ABPrevious studies have suggested that 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidine-5-yl)-methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl) -3-nitrosoureahydrochloride (ACNU) and 1,(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) bind specifically to the nucleosomal DNA of murine bone marrow and L1210 leukaemia cells whereas the glucose nitrosoureas, 2-(3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose, (chlorozotocin, CLZ) and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea (GANU), bind preferentially to the linker DNA of bone marrow but not tumour cell chromatin. In order to provide an explanation for this differential, the DNA repeat and linker lengths in murine bone marrow and L1210 leukaemia cells were measured using electrophoresis of micrococcal nuclease-digested DNA. The linker length of bone marrow chromatin was approximately 22% longer than that in L1210 leukaemia cells from mouse ascites. The linker length of L1210 cells maintained in suspension culture was 27% less than in those from ascites fluid. The tissue-specific toxicity of sugar nitrosoureas and the differential binding of these drugs to chromatin does not appear to correlate quantitatively with differences in DNA linker length. AUDean SW; Tew KD; Clark AE; Schein PS EM8601 IDCA17583 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p377-82 MJBone Marrow; Chromatin; DNA; Leukemia L1210; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid MNCells, Cultured; DNA, Neoplasm /ME; DNA /ME; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Lomustine /ME; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Streptozotocin /AA /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN540-73-8 (1,2-dimethylhydrazine) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000412 TIAdrenergic factors regulating cell division in the colonic crypt epithelium during carcinogenesis and in colonic adenoma and adenocarcinoma. ABEvidence exists implicating adrenergic factors in the control of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in both normal and diseased states. In this report, attention is focussed on changes in the amine requirements of proliferating cells during the chemical induction of tumours in the colon of mouse. Cell proliferation rates were measured stathmokinetically. Tumours were induced by s.c. injection of dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Results with a series of adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists suggest that there is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor mediated excitatory effect in normal colon but an alpha 2 adrenoceptor mediated inhibitory effect in adenoma and carcinoma. Alpha 1 adrenoceptors, on the other hand, have an inhibitory effect in normal crypts and in adenomas, and an excitatory effect in carcinomas. Beta adrenoceptors have an inhibitory effect in the normal and DMH-treated crypt, and in adenomas, but not in carcinomas. In the crypt epithelium of DMH-treated mice, two regions on cell proliferation, with differing regulatory factors, could be identified. In the upper region of the carcinogen-exposed crypt is a zone where cell proliferation is stimulated by an alpha 2 adrenergic mechanism, thus resembling the basal region of the normal crypt. By contrast, in the basal region of these crypts, cell proliferation is stimulated by an alpha 1 mechanism, thus resembling a malignant tumour. AUKennedy MF; Tutton PJ; Barkla DH EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p383-90 MJAdenocarcinoma /PA; Adenoma /PA; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Colonic Neoplasms /PA; Colon /PA; Sympatholytics; Sympathomimetics MNAdenocarcinoma /CI; Adenoma /CI; Cell Division /DE; Colonic Neoplasms /CI; Colon /DE; Dimethylhydrazines; Mice; Sympathectomy, Chemical MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000414 TIDietary fibre consumption in Britain: new estimates and their relation to large bowel cancer mortality. AUBingham SA; Williams DR; Cummings JH EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p399-402 MJColonic Neoplasms; Dietary Fiber; Rectal Neoplasms MNAdult; Diet Surveys; Dietary Fiber /AN; Food Analysis /MT; Great Britain; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RN50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000415 TIResistance of human T-CFUcs to activated cyclophosphamide: a feature common with critical marrow stem cells? AUByfield JE; Calabro-Jones PM EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p403-5 MJCyclophosphamide; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; T Lymphocytes MNCell Survival /DE; Clone Cells /DE; Drug Resistance; Lymphocyte Transformation /DE; Lymphoma /PA MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000416 TIOn the clonality of tumours [letter] AUWoodruff MF; Ansell JD EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p407 MJNeoplasms; Tumor Stem Cells MTAnimal; Human IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000417 TITwenty-sixth annual general meeting of the British Association for Cancer Research (in conjunction with the European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer--Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Group and the Drug Metabolism Group). March 24-27, 1985, Birmingham, U.K. EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p409-67 MJAntineoplastic Agents; Neoplasms MTAnimal; Human IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000418 TIInvestigation of infection in immunocompromised patients [editorial] AURogers TR EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p195-201 MJBacterial Infections; Immune Tolerance MNBone Marrow /TR; Diarrhea /ET; Fever /ET; Leukemia /DT; Mycoses /DI; Neutropenia /CO; Pneumonia /ET; Postoperative Complications /ET MTHuman RN6835-00-3 (Reticulin) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000419 TIBone marrow biopsy findings in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. ABBone marrow biopsies from 13 cases of lymph-node-biopsy-proven angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) were studied. Eight cases (62%) showed a characteristic 'granulomatoid' lymphoreticular infiltrate composed of a mixture of lymphocytes, epithelioid histiocytes, immunoblasts, plasma cells and eosinophils in varying proportions. Proliferation of blood vessels, although much less prominent than that described in lymph nodes, and a marked degree of reticulin fibrosis were also noted. The pattern of involvement was mainly focal and rarely diffuse. The foci were either single or multiple, and were distributed throughout the marrow but were only rarely paratrabecular. The associated haematopoietic marrow findings were nonspecific regardless of degree of bone marrow involvement. The histopathology of involved bone marrows in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy is such that in some cases it should strongly suggest the diagnosis even in the absence of a prior definitive lymph node biopsy. Differentiating features from other disorders that might be confused with AILD are discussed. Survival rate was adversely affected by bone marrow involvement. AUGhani AM; Krause JR EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p203-13 MJBone Marrow; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy MNAged; Biopsy; Eosinophils /PA; Extracellular Space; Fibroblasts /PA; Histiocytes /PA; Lymphocytes /PA; Middle Age; Plasma Cells /PA; Reticulin MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 2.7.1.21 (Thymidine Kinase) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000420 TIEvaluation of serum deoxythymidine kinase as a marker in multiple myeloma. ABA recently developed deoxythymidine kinase assay utilizing 125I-iododeoxyuridine as substrate was used in an investigation of sera from 122 untreated patients with multiple myeloma. Most patients had slightly elevated or normal serum deoxythymidine kinase activity (S-TK), although in some patients values increased by more than forty-fold were found. S-TK correlated with the haemoglobin level but did not correlate with sex, age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, nor with the serum concentrations of creatinine, beta 2-micro-globulin, Ca or M-component. The distribution of S-TK values in IgG, IgA and pure Bence-Jones myeloma did not differ significantly. Patients with IgG and IgA myeloma excreting light-chain immunoglobulin in the urine had significantly higher S-TK than non-excreters. There was a significant correlation between S-TK values and tumour cell mass as determined by clinical staging. A high pretreatment S-TK (greater than 5.1 units) also distinguished a group of patients with a significantly shorter survival time. Patients with no response to initial therapy had significantly higher S-TK values than those who did respond. In longitudinal studies of 11 patients, S-TK was found to increase when the disease became more aggressive. The possibility of diagnosing disease progression at an early stage by an elevation of S-TK is discussed. AUSimonsson B; Kallander CF ; Brenning G; Killander A; Ahre A; Gronowitz JS EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p215-24 MJEnzyme Tests; Multiple Myeloma /DI; Thymidine Kinase MNAdult; Aged; Evaluation Studies; Immunoglobulins /AN; Middle Age; Multiple Myeloma /BL /TH; Prognosis MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000421 TIExtramedullary presentation of the blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. ABWe report the clinical histories and a multiparameter pathological study of the extramedullary lesions of seven patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia in whom the initial clinical presentation of blast crisis (BC) was in an extramedullary site (lymph nodes in six, mandibular mass in one). Bone marrow BC was demonstrated simultaneously or within a few months in four patients. Three patients received chemotherapy only, four underwent bone marrow transplant. Six patients died within 1 year from diagnosis of extramedullary BC, one is alive without disease. The longest survivals (12+, 12, 11 months) were those of patients who never developed bone marrow BC and were recipients of bone marrow transplant. Studies of extramedullary disease included: histology; histochemistry for chloracetate esterase (CAE) and lysozyme; assays for TdT; electron microscopy; immunofluorescence for Fc-receptors, immunoglobulins and lymphoid and myeloid antigens by a panel of monoclonal antibodies; and cytogenetics. Three cases were classified as myeloid BC based on histochemistry and/or ultrastructure and immunology (OKM1+, MCS2+, IG10+); two as lymphoid BC (CAE-, lysozyme-, TdT+), one of them expressing a T-cell phenotype. Cytogenetic analysis of extramedullary lesions and simultaneous or subsequent bone marrows demonstrated identical karyotypes in three patients and significantly different karyotypes in one. AUJacknow G; Frizzera G; Gajl-Peczalska K; Banks PM; Arthur DC; McGlave PB; Hurd DD EM8601 IDCA 16450-09; CA 17034 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p225-36 MJBone Marrow; Leukemia, Myelocytic /PA; Lymph Nodes MNAdult; Histocytochemistry; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myelocytic /FG /IM; Mandible /PA MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigens) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000422 TILineage specific classification of leukaemia: results of the analysis of sixty cases of childhood leukaemia. ABIn addition to conventional morphological, histochemical and immunological marker studies, cells from 60 children with leukaemia were further analysed using the Southern blot hybridization technique to look at differences in the organization of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes. Of the 60 patients studied by conventional means, 47 were diagnosed as acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) and 13 as non-lymphocytic leukaemia. Seven patients were initially classified as T ALL and 40 as non-T, non-B ALL. Further subclassification of the 40 patients with non-T, non-B ALL indicated three pre-B ALL and 29 patients diagnosed as common ALL, expressing Ia and CALLA antigens. All 29 patients with common ALL demonstrated C mu gene rearrangements with or without light chain (kappa and lambda) genes rearrangement. Based on the developmental hierarchy of Ig gene rearrangement, it was possible to further subclassify the patients with common ALL into different stages of B cell development. Eight (of the 40) patients with non-T, non-B ALL were identified as CALLA- but further analysis indicated T-lineage origin in two patients and three patients were reclassified as acute undifferentiated leukaemia (AUL). C mu gene rearrangements were detected in two patients with T ALL, two patients with AUL and one patient with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). In contrast to the patients with common ALL, Ig gene rearrangement observed in these non-B-lineage cells was restricted to a single C mu gene while retaining germ-line configuration of the other allele of the C mu gene and both light chain genes. AUHa K; Hozumi N; Hrincu A; Gelfand EW EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p237-49 MJImmunoglobulins; Leukemia MNAdolescence; Antigens, Immune Response /AN; Antigens, Neoplasm /AN; B Lymphocytes /IM; Child, Preschool; Child; Genes; Infant; Leukemia /FG /IM; Phenotype; T Lymphocytes /IM MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000423 TIMultimarker phenotypic characterization of adult and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an Italian multicentre study. ABA multicentre phenotypic study was carried out in Italy combining conventional immunological techniques with monoclonal antibody (MoAb) analysis in 190 cases of adult and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), in an attempt to define better the lineage relationship of the neoplastic cells. Of the 140 children evaluated, 79.3% expressed the common ALL (cALL) antigen (all analyses performed by MoAb), 11.4% were T-ALL and 9.3% were non-T, non-B, non-common ('null') ALL. The proportion of adult cALL cases was slightly lower (64% of the 50 cases studied) than that of childhood ALL, whilst the incidence of T-ALL was significantly higher in adults than in children (26% v. 11.4%, P less than 0.05). Because of the high proportion of cALL cases, the incidence of 'null' ALL in adult patients was similar (10%) to that of children, and lower than previously reported. The recognition of early pre-T-ALL cases (T1+, RFT2+, T10+, T6-, T11-, E-) contributed to the overall low proportion of 'null' ALL; prior to the use of MoAb, such cases would probably have been classified as undifferentiated acute leukaemia or 'null' ALL. The search for B-cell-related markers showed that the incidence of pre-B-ALL cases (cytoplasmic immunoglobulin positive cases) was similar in adults and in children (25.6% and 32%, respectively). Furthermore, the great majority of cases studied expressed the BA-1 antigen (92.8% of adults and 79% of children), whilst the BA-2 antigen was found in 53% of cases (tested only in children), confirming a hierarchy in the expression of B-cell related markers in cALL: BA-1, BA-2, CyIg. Several of the 'null' cases also expressed the BA-1 antigen on a variable proportion of cells, pointing to a possible B-cell origin of the blasts. This multicentre study shows that both in adult and in childhood ALL the combined use of conventional immunological markers and of a panel of MoAb allows identification of the cell lineage of the great majority of cases, thus reducing the number of 'null' ALL. Furthermore, these findings suggest that practically all cases of ALL belong either to the T or to the B cell compartment and that the neoplastic cells appear blocked at different levels along the lymphoid differentiation pathway. AUFoa R ; Baldini L; Cattoretti G; Foa P; Gobbi M; Lauria F; Madon E; Masera G; Miniero R; Paolucci P; et al EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p251-9 MJLeukemia, Lymphoblastic MNAcute Disease; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Antigens, Neoplasm /AN /GE; B Lymphocytes /IM; Child; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic /IM; Lymphocytes, Null /IM; Phenotype; T Lymphocytes /IM MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN147-94-4 (Cytarabine); 154-42-7 (Thioguanine); 20830-81-3 (Daunorubicin) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000424 TIDaunomycin administered by continuous intravenous infusion is effective in the treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia. ABAnthracyclines given by continuous infusion, as opposed to bolus administration, are associated with a reduced incidence of cardiac and gastrointestinal toxicity. Our study was developed to test the antileukaemic effect of anthracyclines given as a continuous infusion. Nineteen sequential patients admitted for treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL) were managed with a regimen utilizing a 3 d continuous intravenous infusion of daunomycin (DNM), and the complete response rate was similar to this institution's past experience with antileukaemic regimens employing 3 d bolus DNM. In our studies, infusion DNM was at least as myelotoxic and antileukaemic as bolus DNM; thus this method of administration should be explored further in remission-induction regimens for ANLL. AULewis JP; Meyers FJ; Tanaka L EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p261-5 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined; Daunorubicin; Leukemia MNAcute Disease; Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Cytarabine /AD; Drug Administration Schedule; Infusions, Parenteral; Middle Age; Thioguanine /AD; Time Factors MTHuman IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000425 TICyclosporin A in the treatment of severe acute aplastic anaemia. ABTwelve consecutive adults with severe acute aplastic anaemia, not having a bone marrow transplantation option, were prospectively randomized to receive either cyclosporin A alone or an equivalent amount of this immunosuppressive agent in combination with antilymphocyte serum. The minimum follow-up is 36 months, with half the patients developing nephrotoxicity, which was easily reversible in all but one. No response could be attributed to either regimen. Cyclosporin A does not appear to have a place as primary form of treatment for adults with severe acute aplastic anaemia, either on its own or in combination with antilymphocyte serum. AUJacobs P; Wood L; Martell RW EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p267-72 MJAnemia, Aplastic; Cyclosporins MNAcute Disease; Adolescence; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum /TU; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Middle Age; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000426 TIRegulation of erythropoiesis during rapid growth. ABHigh levels of plasma erythropoiesis stimulating factor(s) (ESF) have been found in neonatal WLO-mice during the period of rapid growth. If the high ESF activity is due to the concomitant physiological anaemia of infancy alone, it should be possible to block erythropoiesis by hypertransfusion. Mice were hypertransfused starting on day 14, and killed on day 20. Although hypertransfusion reduced the ESF levels by approximately 55% (P less than 0.001), ESF levels were still detectable in the cell culture assay used (P less than 0.001). Moreover, hypertransfused mice showed active erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, and none had a reticulocyte count below 2%. No correlation was found between PCV and ESF in the hypertransfused animals (r = 0.07, P greater than 0.5), nor was there any difference in weight gain between control and hypertransfused mice (P greater than 0.5). These results show that hypertransfusion did not totally supress erythropoiesis in neonatal WLO-mice, which is different from hypertransfused adult mice. The data indicate that the high plasma ESF found in neonatal WLO-mice during the growth period are not due to the anaemia alone. These findings support studies indicating that regulation of erythropoiesis in the neonate differs from the adult. Factors related to growth per se could be responsible for this difference. AUSanengen T; Halvorsen S EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p273-9 MJAnimals, Newborn; Erythropoiesis MNBlood Transfusion; Erythrocyte Count; Hematocrit; Mice; Reticulocytes MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.11.1. (Peroxidases) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000427 TIHuman mononuclear phagocyte differentiation: a study of the U-937 cell line by ultrastructural cytochemistry and surface antigen analysis. ABU-937 represents a well-established permanent human haematopoietic cell line, which exhibits characteristics of the monocyte/macrophage series. U-937 cells were investigated by peroxidase ultrastructural cytochemistry in order to determine the normal developmental stage to which they correspond. This study was performed in non- and TPA-stimulated cells, in conjunction with surface analysis by monoclonal antibodies. It is concluded: (1) peroxidase-positive U-937 cells are monoblasts and promonocytes involved in myeloperoxidase synthesis; (2) TPA-stimulation caricatures transformation of these cells into monocytes but not into resident macrophages, as far as peroxidase cytochemistry is concerned; (3) the reactivity of myeloperoxidase present in the endoplasmic reticulum of synthesizing cells is inhibited by glutaraldehyde fixation. AUGourdin MF; Vasconcelos AW; Tabilio A; Divine M; Farcet JP; Reyes F EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p281-91 MJHematopoietic Stem Cells /UL; Macrophages; Monocytes MNAntigens, Surface /AN; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Hematopoietic Stem Cells /EN /IM; Histocytochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Peroxidases /ME MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN11096-26-7 (Erythropoietin) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000428 TIIn vitro erythropoietin assay based on erythroid colony formation in fetal mouse liver cell culture. ABCritical studies were made on erythroid colony formation from cultured fetal mouse liver cells in an attempt to develop a simple and sensitive erythropoietin (Epo) assay procedure. The maximum colony formation was observed 24 h after plating of the cells when an evident dose-response relation was found for Epo added. The colony forming ability decreased steadily as the gestational age of the fetus advanced and was gradually lost by postnatal days 10-11. By morphological and cytochemical criteria almost all the colonies were found to be erythroid. 59Fe-labelling experiments revealed a fairly good correlation between the colony number and 59Fe incorporation into both cells and haem. Dose-response curves for plasma were parallel to the Epo standard curve. Based on these findings we developed a procedure which could measure as little as 0.4 mU of Epo without requiring 59Fe. Using this method, plasma Epo titres were determined in 16 normal and 69 anaemic subjects. AUSakata S; Enoki Y; Tomita S; Kohzuki H EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p293-302 MJColony-Forming Units Assay; Erythropoietin; Liver MNBiological Assay /MT; Cell Division /DE; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythropoietin /PD; Gestational Age; Mice; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN68-19-9 (Vitamin B 12) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000429 TIEndogenous origin of microbiologically-inactive cobalamins (cobalamin analogues) in the human fetus. ABThe cobalamin content of placenta, maternal and fetal sera was assayed by methods which measure microbiologically-active and microbiologically-inactive cobalamins. Only microbiologically-active cobalamins were present in the placenta but both types were present in both maternal and fetal circulations. We conclude that only microbiologically-active cobalamins cross the placenta and that the microbiologically inactive cobalamins in the fetus must arise by metabolism in situ. AUMuir M; Landon M EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p303-6 MJFetal Blood; Placenta; Vitamin B 12 MNBlood Chemical Analysis /MT; Pregnancy; Vitamin B 12 /BL MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (factor VIII clotting antigen) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000430 TIProfound alterations of the multimeric structure of von Willebrand factor in a patient with malignant lymphoma. ABLaboratory investigation of an acquired haemorrhagic diathesis in a 63-year-old man with malignant lymphoma revealed the classical haemostatic defects found in von Willebrand's disease (vWD). In addition, SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis demonstrated alterations of the von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimeric structure. A profound defect of large and intermediate size multimers was observed which was different from those seen in variants of congenital vWD. In vitro, weak inhibitory activity against factor VIII procoagulant activity and ristocetin cofactor activity was present in the patient's plasma. When patient's plasma was incubated with normal plasma, followed by centrifugation, vWF antigen (vWF:Ag) was precipitated. In vivo, after transfusion of cryoprecipitate, there was rapid plasma clearance of vWF:Ag and ristocetin cofactor and of FVIII coagulant activities. AUTran-Thang C; Mannucci PM; Schneider P; Federici A; Bachmann F EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p307-14 MJLymphoma; Von Willebrand Factor MNFactor VIII /AN; Lymphoma /CO; Macromolecular Systems; Middle Age; Von Willebrand's Disease /ET MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.4.3 (Phospholipase C); 55-91-4 (Isoflurophate); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 9001-25-6 (Factor VII) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000431 TIA novel form of factor VII in plasma from men at risk for cardiovascular disease. ABIn the Northwick Park Heart Study high activity of the coagulation factor VII was associated with cardiovascular deaths. We confirm here that men at high risk for such disease have increased levels of factor VII activity and demonstrate for the first time that this is due to a phospholipid-factor VII complex in their plasma. This complex increases the specific activity of its factor VII significantly. It is not inhibited by a neutralizing antiserum to thromboplastin and thus does not represent a factor VII-thromboplastin complex. Gel filtration data suggest an apparent Mr of 66-72 000 for the complex. Factor VII in this phospholipid complex is more sensitive than native factor VII to the serine protease inhibitor diisopropyl-fluorophosphate, consistent with a more accessible active site conformation (and a higher specific activity) for factor VII in the complex. The level of phospholipid-factor VII complex showed a significant positive correlation with plasma triglycerides and correlation of borderline significance with cholesterol. AUDalaker K; Hjermann I; Prydz H EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p315-22 MJCardiovascular Diseases; Factor VII; Phospholipids MNAdult; Cholesterol /AN; Chromatography, Gel; Isoflurophate /PD; Phospholipase C /DU; Risk MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (factor VIII clotting antigen) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000432 TIFactor VIII antibody in a patient with mild haemophilia. ABWe present the rare occurrence of an inhibitor of factor VIII procoagulant arising in a patient with mild haemophilia A and rheumatoid arthritis. The inhibitor was transient and behaved like a low titre, type II factor VIII procoagulant inhibitor similar to previously reported cases (Biggs et al, 1972b). In vitro studies confirmed the type II-like interaction of this inhibitor with the factor VIII procoagulant molecule. Factor VIII procoagulant antigen level was equal to the factor VIII procoagulant activity, which excluded dysproteinaemia as the cause. This patient's HLA type has no known association with abnormal immune responsiveness or autoimmune disease, and his clinical course as well as in vitro studies were similar to the eight previously reported cases of factor VIII procoagulant inhibitors arising in mild haemophilia A. AUBovill EG; Burns SL; Golden EA EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p323-8 MJAntibodies; Factor VIII; Hemophilia /IM MNAged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid /CO; Hemophilia /CO MTCase Report; Human; Male RN9001-28-9 (Factor IX) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000433 TICharacterization of an occult inhibitor to factor IX in a haemophilia B patient. ABSix haemophilia B patients were studied while undergoing infusion with factor IX concentrate. All were negative for factor IX antigen (IX:AG) and inhibitor to factor IX coagulant activity (IX:C). One patient showed an atypical response pattern, with prolonged survival of IX:C and IX:Ag. This patient remained under prophylactic treatment and more than 1 year later developed an inhibitor to IX:C of clinical significance. Retrospective study revealed that this patient had significantly higher levels of circulating immune complexes than other haemophilia B patients and in vivo formation of immune complexes containing IX:Ag prior to detection of his inhibitor in conventional clotting assays, suggesting long-term persistence of an occult inhibitor. The inhibitor was shown to be an IgG antibody with both kappa and lambda light chains. AUMiller CH; Orstavik KH; Hilgartner MW EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p329-38 MJAntibodies; Christmas Disease; Factor IX MNAdult; Antigen-Antibody Complex /AN; Antigens /AN; Christmas Disease /IM /TH; Factor IX /IM /TU; IgG; Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000434 TIIdiopathic combined immunocytopenia. ABFour patients with combined immunocytopenia of unknown origin were investigated. Two patients with pancytopenia had allo- and autoantibodies against erythrocytes, granulocytes and thrombocytes. Two other patients with granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia showed allo- and autoantibodies against granulocytes and thrombocytes. All patients went into a transient or persistent remission under immunosuppressive therapy. The normalization of peripheral blood correlated with the disappearance of antibodies suggesting that the cytopenia was caused by an antibody mediated autoimmune mechanism. AUWiesneth M; Pflieger H; Frickhofen N; Heimpel H EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p339-48 MJAgranulocytosis /IM; Autoimmune Diseases /IM; Pancytopenia /IM; Thrombocytopenia /IM MNAdult; Agranulocytosis /DT; Autoantibodies /AN; Autoimmune Diseases /DT; Immunosuppressive Agents /TU; Middle Age; Pancytopenia /DT; Thrombocytopenia /DT MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000435 TIAutoimmune disease in hairy-cell leukaemia: clinical syndromes and treatment. ABThirty-seven patients with hairy-cell leukaemia were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of autoimmune disease. Ten definite and two probable cases were identified; these patients had positive serologies (immune complexes, antinuclear antibodies or rheumatoid factor) or biopsy-proven vasculitis. Clinically, two distinct syndromes were recognized. Six patients had joint symptoms, usually associated with nodular skin lesions; all responded promptly to therapy. Four additional cases had a more severe disease consisting of fevers, malaise, weight loss, skin rash, and variable visceral involvement; there was one death in this group. There appeared to be no relationship between presence of vasculitis and the severity or progression of the underlying malignant disease. We conclude that autoimmune disease is much more frequent in hairy-cell leukaemia than has previously been recognized, and that the outcome in these syndromes is usually good. Although the autoimmune syndrome generally responds promptly to splenectomy, corticosteroids, or cytotoxic therapy, failure to recognize this complication may lead to increased morbidity and occasional mortality. AUWestbrook CA; Golde DW EM8601 IDCA327-37 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p349-56 MJAutoimmune Diseases; Leukemia, Hairy Cell MNGranuloma /ET; Joint Diseases /ET; Liver Diseases /ET; Lung Diseases /ET; Middle Age; Retrospective Studies; Syndrome; Vasculitis /ET MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7439-89-6 (Iron) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000436 TIClassification of anaemia on the basis of ferrokinetic parameters. ABQuantitative information on abnormalities of erythropoiesis and mechanisms of anaemia has been obtained in 136 anaemic patients by means of ferrokinetic studies. To derive a functional classification of anaemia based on ferrokinetic parameters, agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis were utilized as techniques for unsupervised classification. Two main clusters were found and named anaemia with low potential erythropoiesis and with high potential erythropoiesis, since the most discriminant parameter between them was total erythroid iron turnover, a measure of total erythropoietic activity. A value of total erythropoiesis equal to 4 times the normal was found to discriminate these two types of anaemia in 94% of cases. Within the group with low potential erythropoiesis, three clusters showing different qualitative disturbances of erythropoiesis were singled out. Among patients with high potential erythropoiesis, two clusters were found. A value of effective erythropoiesis equal to 2.5 times the normal was shown to have a high discriminant power between these clusters. This threshold level distinguished between patients having ineffective erythropoiesis or peripheral haemolysis as the major mechanism of anaemia. The present functional classification of anaemia provides a complete picture of the different pathogenetic mechanisms and may represent the basis for a more rational diagnostic approach to erythroid disorders. AUBarosi G; Cazzola M; Berzuini C; Quaglini S; Stefanelli M EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p357-70 MJAnemia /CL MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Anemia /BL; Child; Erythrocyte Aging; Erythrocytes /ME; Erythropoiesis; Iron /BL; Kinetics; Middle Age; Statistics MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000437 TIT-lymphocyte marker analysis in chronic neutropenia. AUvan der Veen JP; von dem Borne AE EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p371-4 MJAgranulocytosis; Neutropenia; T Lymphocytes MNAdult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Chronic Disease; Lymphocytosis /IM; Middle Age; Syndrome MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000438 TIFurther observation on post-transfusion purpura (PTP) [letter] AUvon dem Borne AE; van der Plas-van Dalen CM EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p374-5 MJBlood Transfusion; Purpura MNBlood Platelets /IM; Isoantibodies /AN MTFemale; Human IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000439 TIHealth assessment of applicants for nurse training [editorial] AULunn JA EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p649-50 MJEducation, Nursing; Occupational Health Services MNGreat Britain; State Medicine MTHuman RN7440-43-9 (Cadmium) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000440 TICancer mortality of cadmium workers. ABSeveral epidemiological studies of workers exposed to cadmium indicate an increased risk of lung and prostatic cancer. The increase is statistically significant in some of the studies but the SMR is greater than 100 in almost all. A cohort study of the mortality among 522 Swedish workers exposed to cadmium for at least one year in a nickel-cadmium battery plant support the earlier findings. The SMR for lung and prostatic cancer increased with increasing dose and latency but did not obtain statistical significance. A combination of all the available data from the most recent follow up of causes of death among cadmium workers in six different cohorts shows 28 cases of prostatic cancer (SMR = 162) and 195 cases of lung cancer (SMR = 121). This new analysis suggests that long term, high level exposure to cadmium is associated with an increased risk of cancer. The role of concomitant exposure to nickel needs further study. AUElinder CG; Kjellstrom T ; Hogstedt C; Andersson K; Spang G EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p651-5 MJCadmium; Neoplasms /MO; Occupational Diseases /MO MNLung Neoplasms /CI /MO; Neoplasms /CI; Occupational Diseases /CI; Prostatic Neoplasms /CI /MO; Sweden; Time Factors MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000441 TIJob load and hazard analysis: a method for the analysis of workplace conditions for occupational health care. ABOne requirement for successful occupational health care is reliable information on occupational hazards. The aim of this study was to develop a simple, standardised method for workplace investigations for use in occupational health care. The theoretical framework of the method comprises the stress-strain model, the hazard-danger model, and risk behaviour theory. The new method, termed job load and hazard analysis, includes four stages: identification of hazards, their evaluation, conclusions and proposals, and follow up. Different methods are available for hazard identification. The identification starts with a rough analysis of five factors, chemical hazards, physical hazards, physical load, mental stress, and accident risk. Hazards and stress factors are assessed with an ordinal scale. Specialised methods are used if all hazards cannot otherwise be identified. The analytical procedure comprises: detection of hazards through observations and interviews at the workplace and with a questionnaire; assessment of findings as teamwork; and evaluation of the results of these assessments to yield conclusions and proposals made by occupational health care personnel. A data processing system has been developed for data storage and future use. The method has functioned in practice, improving the contents of the occupational health care programme and generating preventive measures. The method offers many new possibilities for controlling occupational hazards and studying relations between working conditions and workers' health. AUMattila MK EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p656-66 MJEnvironmental Monitoring; Occupational Health Services MNAccidents, Occupational; Environmental Exposure; Risk; Stress, Psychological; Work Schedule Tolerance MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000443 TIA study of white finger in the gas industry. ABMen engaged in breaking or reinstating road surfaces are exposed to vibration from mechanical tools. In view of the lack of epidemiological information on vibration white finger in such a population, a survey was carried out to identify the prevalence of symptoms of white finger in a sample of men using these tools in the gas industry and to compare the prevalence with that found in a control group not occupationally exposed to vibration. Altogether 905 men (97%) in the gas industry and 552 men (92%) in the control group were interviewed, using a questionnaire from which the presence or absence of white finger symptoms from all causes was noted. The prevalence of white finger was 9.6% in the group exposed to vibration at work compared with 9.5% in the control group. The prevalence in the former group when adjusted for age differences between the survey and control populations was 12.2%, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. In case the approach of comparing prevalences of white finger from all causes might have obscured any contributory effect of vibration, the prevalence of white finger was examined in relation to the number of years vibrating tools had been used, this being the only measure of exposure to vibration available. No direct association was found between the prevalence of symptoms and number of years vibrating tools had been used. In view of this and the absence of a significant excess of white finger symptoms in the group using vibratory tools, the authors conclude that vibration white finger is not a special problem in the gas industry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUWalker DD; Jones B; Ogston S; Tasker EG; Robinson AJ EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p672-7 MJOccupational Diseases; Raynaud's Disease; Vibration MNAdult; Equipment and Supplies; Fingers /BS; Fossil Fuels; Great Britain; Industry; Ischemia /ET; Middle Age; Raynaud's Disease /OC MTHuman; Male RNEC 2.7.3.2 (Creatine Kinase) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000444 TIInfluence of local vibration on plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity. ABThis study was designed to obtain basic information about the mechanism of the occurrence of muscular disorders after exposure to vibration. The hind legs of rats were exposed to acute and chronic local vibration at frequencies of 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, and 960 Hz with a constant acceleration of 50 m/sec2. The exposure time was four hours for acute, and four hours a day for two weeks continuously for chronic exposure. Blood was collected after exposure to measure plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity. In both exposure groups the activity of plasma CPK was significantly higher at 30, 60, 120, 240, and 480 Hz compared with the control group and was especially high at 30 Hz; there was no significant change at 960 Hz. As a result of an analysis of the CPK isoenzymes, the increase in plasma CPK activity was shown to be due to the activity of the plasma CPK-MM fraction, originating in the skeletal muscle. Plasma CPK activity showed a tendency to decrease gradually with the increase in vibration frequency during acute exposure but showed no such tendency during chronic exposure. There was no remarkable pathohistological change in muscle preparations from the hind legs, hence it was presumed that the increase in plasma CPK activity was caused not by the morphological changes of muscle but by other mechanisms, such as an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane. AUOkada A; Okuda H; Inaba R; Ariizumi M EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p678-81 MJCreatine Kinase; Vibration MNMuscles /PA; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male RN24952-65-6 (diethyllead); 7439-92-1 (Lead); 78-00-2 (Tetraethyl Lead) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000445 TIDiethyllead as a specific indicator of occupational exposure to tetraethyllead. ABIn a group of 26 workers exposed to tetraethyllead a correlation was found between the concentration of tetraethyllead in the air and the concentration of diethyllead (r = 0.70) and total lead (r = 0.84) in the urine and also between the excretion of diethyllead and total lead (r = 0.68). The results obtained indicate that diethyllead may be used as a specific indicator of occupational exposure to tetraethyllead. AUTurlakiewicz Z; Chmielnicka J EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p682-5 MJGasoline; Lead; Organometallic Compounds; Petroleum; Tetraethyl Lead MNEnvironmental Exposure MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN10028-15-6 (Ozone); 127-18-4 (Tetrachloroethylene) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000446 TIAn outbreak of illness after occupational exposure to ozone and acid chlorides. ABNew labelling processes installed without adequate ventilation control in an electric motor factory exposed production line workers to toxic gases. Symptoms of eye and respiratory tract irritation together with complaints of headache, fever, chills, dizziness, malaise, general weakness, nausea, and vomiting were widespread. Chest signs, radiographic abnormalities, reduction in ventilatory function, and blood gas abnormalities were found in some cases. Epidemiological analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of cases supported an exposure effect relationship. Investigations suggested ozone and possibly phosgene and associated trichloroacetyl chlorides as the toxic agents that were generated by an ultraviolet print curing arrangement and perchloroethylene used as a cleaning solvent. AUNg TP; Tsin TW; O'Kelly FJ EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p686-90 MJDisease Outbreaks; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Occupational Diseases /OC; Ozone MNOccupational Diseases /CI; Printing; Tetrachloroethylene /AE MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN118-96-7 (Trinitrotoluene); 60-27-5 (Creatinine) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000447 TIUrinary screening for potentially genotoxic exposures in a chemical industry. ABMutagenic activity, measured by the bacterial fluctuation assay and thioether concentration in urine from workers at a chemical plant producing pharmaceuticals and explosives, was determined before and after exposure. Of 12 groups only those exposed to trinitrotoluene (n = 14) showed a significant increase in mutagenic activity using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 without any exogenous metabolic system. The same strain responded only weakly when the S-9 mix was used; with Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA no effect of exposure was observed. Urinary thioether concentration was higher among smokers than among non-smokers, but occupational exposure had no effect. Urinary mutagenicity testing may be a useful tool for screening potentially genotoxic exposures in complex chemical environments. AUAhlborg G Jr; Bergstrom B ; Hogstedt C; Einisto P ; Sorsa M EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p691-9 MJChemical Industry; Mutagens MNCreatinine /UR; Environmental Exposure; Escherichia Coli; Mutagenicity Tests; Salmonella Typhimurium; Smoking; Sulfides /UR; Trinitrotoluene /AE MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.1.1.27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase); 14808-60-7 (Quartz); 7631-86-9 (Silica); 9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000448 TIPulmonary response to agate dust in vivo and cytotoxic and haemolytic effects in vitro. ABThe pulmonary response to agate dust in vivo was investigated and also its cytotoxic action on peritoneal macrophages and sheep erythrocytes in vitro. The results were compared with quartz dust as the known fibrogenic dust and emery dust (Corundum) was used as a control dust. Agate increased the wet and dry weight of lungs and induced increased collagen formation and a non-reversible fibrotic reaction in the lungs. The tissue response and lung changes were of milder intensity than seen in rats exposed to quartz. In vitro, the extent of dye-uptake and haemolysis yielded results similar to those of the in vivo studies. Release of lactic dehydrogenase into the culture medium was similar in both the agate and emery exposed cells but significantly less when compared with quartz treated cells. AUKaw JL; Waseem M EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p700-6 MJDust; Lung /PA; Silica MNCell Survival; Collagen /ME; Hemolysis; Lactate Dehydrogenase /ME; Lung /ME; Organ Weight; Quartz /AE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN12172-73-5 (amosite); 1332-21-4 (Asbestos) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000449 TIKinetics of deposition and clearance of inhaled mineral dusts during chronic exposure. ABNew inhalation studies have been carried out with rats exposed to UICC (Union International Contre le Cancer) amosite asbestos, with the main aim of further elucidating the factors the influence the accumulation of dust in the lung during prolonged chronic exposure. The results show that, for exposure times beyond a few weeks, the lung burden rises linearly and does not level off as predicted by simple models based on ideas taken from the 1966 report of the Task Group on Lung Dynamics. Furthermore, the lung burden is found to scale directly in proportion to the exposure concentration in a way that seems to contradict the overload hypothesis stated earlier. Nevertheless, the general pattern exhibited by our results for asbestos is markedly similar to that found elsewhere for rats inhaling diesel fume, leading to the suggestion that it is general (and not specific to fibrous dust); and the hypothesis that, whereas overload of clearance can take place at high lung burdens after exposure has ceased, it is cancelled by the sustained stimulus to clearance mechanisms provided by the continuous challenge of chronic exposure. The linearity of the increase in lung burden is explained in terms of a kinetic model involving sequestration of some inhaled material to parts of the lung where it is difficult to clear. The particular sequestration model favoured is one where, the longer a particle remains in the lung without being cleared, the more likely it will be sequestrated (and therefore less likely cleared). It is believed that such ideas may eventually be useful in forming exposure-dose relations for epidemiology. AUVincent JH; Johnston AM; Jones AD; Bolton RE; Addison J EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p707-15 MJAsbestos; Dust; Lung /PP MNAsbestos /AN; Dust /AE /AN; Kinetics; Lung /AN; Models, Biological; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000450 TITumour initiators, promoters, and complete carcinogens. AUBoyland E EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p716-8 MJCarcinogens MNAge Factors; Carcinogens /PD; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic /DE; Free Radicals; Mice; Mutagens MCReview MTAnimal; Human RN624-83-9 (methyl isocyanate) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000451 TIDoes acute toxicity testing tell us anything useful? Methyl isocyanate as a test case [editorial] AUSalmon AG EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p577-8 MJAccidents, Occupational; Chemical Industry; Cyanates; Toxicology MNGreat Britain; Lethal Dose 50 MTAnimal; Human IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000452 TIBehavioural evaluation of workers exposed to mixtures of organic solvents. ABReports from Scandinavia have suggested behavioural impairment among long term workers exposed to solvents below regulatory standards. A cross sectional study of behavioural performance was conducted among printers and spray painters exposed to mixtures of organic solvents to replicate the Scandinavian studies and to examine dose-response relationships. Eligible subjects consisted of 640 hourly workers from four midwestern United States companies. Of these, 269 responded to requests to participate and 240 were selected for study based on restrictions for age, sex, education, and other potentially confounding variables. The subjects tested had been employed on average for six years. Each subject completed an occupational history, underwent a medical examination, and completed a battery of behavioural tests. These included the Fitts law psychomotor task, the Stroop colour-word test, the Sternberg short term memory scanning test, the short term memory span test, and the continuous recognition memory test. Solvent exposure for each subject was defined as an exposed or non-exposed category based on a plant industrial hygiene walk-through and the concentration of solvents based on an analysis of full shift personal air samples by gas chromatography. The first definition was used to maintain consistency with Scandinavian studies, but the second was considered to be more accurate. The average full shift solvent concentration was 302 ppm for the printing plant workers and 6-13 ppm for the workers at other plants. Isopropanol and hexane were the major components, compared with toluene in Scandinavian studies. Performance on behavioural tests was analysed using multiple linear regression with solvent concentration as an independent variable. Other relevant demographic variables were also considered for inclusion. No significant (p greater than 0.05) relation between solvent concentration and impairment on any of the 10 behavioural variables was observed after controlling for confounding variables. Exposed/non-exposed comparisons showed a significantly poorer digit span among those exposed, but this has not been generally reported in the Scandinavian studies. The medical examination showed no abnormalities of clinical significance. The inability to replicate the findings of the Scandinavian studies could have been due to the shortness of the duration of workers' exposure, the type of solvents in the mixtures, use of different behavioural tests, or to selection factors. AUMaizlish NA; Langolf GD; Whitehead LW; Fine LJ; Albers JW; Goldberg J; Smith P EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p579-90 MJBehavior; Occupational Diseases /PX; Solvents MNAdult; Chemical Industry; Cross Sectional Studies; Michigan; Middle Age; Occupational Diseases /CI; Ohio; Paint /AE; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN107-21-1 (ethylene glycol); 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl); 67-64-1 (Acetone); 68-12-2 (Dimethylformamide); 78-93-3 (methylethyl ketone) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000453 TIInfluence of organic solvent mixtures on biological membranes. ABA simple experimental model was used to study the influence of organic solvents and solvent mixtures on the integrity of biological membranes. Radiolabelled membranes were prepared biosynthetically by growing Escherichia coli in the presence of 14C-oleic acid; the bulk of the radioactivity was incorporated into 14C-phosphatidylethanolamine, the predominant phospholipid species in E coli membranes. The radiolabelled bacteria were incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of solvent, and the mixture filtrated through a Millipore 0.45 micron filter. This filtration retained radiolabel associated with the bacteria, and only radiolabel released as a result of solvent action was allowed through the filter. The radioactivity in the filtrate was then counted and expressed as a percentage of the total radioactivity. Results showed that aliphatic alcohols released membrane constituents in relation to their hydrocarbon chain length (1-propanol greater than 2-propanol greater than ethanol greater than methanol); the effects of aliphatic alcohols were potentiated by acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, ethylene glycol, and N,N'-dimethylformamide, and the effects of ethanol were potentiated by 1-butanol, benzyl alcohol, and ethylacetate. These findings point to the possibility that certain mixtures of organic solvents are more damaging to membranes than the components of the mixture would indicate, and suggest that the experimental model used might help in showing mixtures that are particularly harmful. AUGustafson C; Tagesson C EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p591-5 MJCell Membrane; Solvents MNAcetone /PD; Alcohol, Ethyl /PD; Alcohols /PD; Butanones /PD; Dimethylformamide /PD; Drug Synergism; Escherichia Coli /DE; Ethylene Glycols /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.1.3.3 (Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase); EC 2.3.2.2 (Gamma-Glutamyltransferase); EC 2.6.1.1 (Aspartate Aminotransferase); EC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Aminotransferase) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000454 TINormal serum activities of liver enzymes in Swedish paint industry workers with heavy exposure to organic solvents. ABThe serum activities of the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase were examined in 47 paint industry workers and unexposed age matched referents. The workers were exposed to a mixture of industrial solvents, of which xylene was the main component in most cases. The median total exposure was about 50% of Swedish 1981 threshold limit values according to measurements of individual solvent exposure performed at the same time. No differences in enzyme activities were shown either when the whole exposed and referent groups were compared or when the five workers with outstanding solvent exposures of five times the TLV or more were compared with their referents. It is concluded that in most workers the liver seems to remain largely undamaged from inhalation exposure to a commonly used mixture of non-chlorinated solvents. In many workers this seems to hold true even for high exposures for limited periods. AULundberg I; Hakansson M EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p596-600 MJChemical Industry; Liver; Paint; Solvents MNAdult; Alanine Aminotransferase /BL; Aspartate Aminotransferase /BL; Gamma-Glutamyltransferase /BL; Liver Diseases /CI; Maximum Permissible Exposure Level; Middle Age; Occupational Diseases /CI; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase /BL; Sweden MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN12597-69-2 (Steel) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000455 TILung function measurements over 21 days shiftwork in steelworkers from a strandcasting department. ABOn the assumption that short term changes in lung function may reflect the potential for a long term decline the evolution of lung function indices in 25 steelworkers from a strandcasting department and in 11 comparable steelworkers not exposed to dust was investigated over an almost uninterrupted 21 day working period and over three different workshifts. The mean total dust level in the strandcasting department, assessed by personal sampling, was 11.8 mg/m3. All subjects were examined at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of their first (day 1) morning shift (0600 to 1400), their last (day 14) afternoon shift (1400 to 2200), and their last (day 21) night shift (2200 to 0600). Indices measured were vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and in three seconds (FEV3), forced expiratory flow over the middle half of the forced vital capacity (FEF25-75), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), the slope of the N2 plateau (delta N2) and the closing volume (CV) of the single breath oxygen test. Differences in indices between initial values (0600 on day 1) and final values (0500 on day 21) were not significant in the control group (except delta N2 which became lower); in the casting group there were significant (p less than 0.05) decreases in FEF25-75 and FEV3, but these decreases were not significantly greater than in the control group. Lung function changes were not significant in either group over the morning shift. During the afternoon there were significant decreases in spirometric indices in the casting group, with no significant decreases in the control group, but the interactions between exposure and time were generally not significant. During the night shift, however, the decreases in FEV1 and FEF25-75 observed in the strandcasting group were significantly more pronounced than in the control group. The single breath test, which many subjects failed to perform correctly on each occasion, showed no significant changes in closing volumes, and an ╥improvement╙ of delta N2 over the morning and the night shift in the control but not the exposed subjects needs to be interpreted with caution. The more pronounced decrease in spirometric indices, suggestive of slight airways obstruction, found over the night shift in the strandcasting workers is attributed to their working environment. AUNemery B; Van Leemputten R; Goemaere E; Veriter C; Brasseur L EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p601-11 MJMetallurgy; Occupational Diseases; Respiratory Function Tests MNBelgium; Dust /AE; Forced Expiratory Volume; Steel; Vital Capacity MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (cement); 1305-62-0 (Calcium Hydroxide); 1332-21-4 (Asbestos) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000456 TIVentilatory decrements in former asbestos cement workers: a four year follow up. ABA four year follow up of the ventilatory function in former asbestos cement workers has been performed to determine whether any further decrease occurred after cessation of exposure. Seventy five of 125 subjects were eligible for re-examination and were compared with local referents. None showed signs of asbestosis but 32% had pleural plaques at the renewed examination. Cumulative asbestos exposure calculated as fibre x years had been estimated individually in the original examination. After adjustment for age, height, tracheal area, and smoking category the FVC and FEV1 for all exposed subjects were on average 7% v 6% less than predicted from the referents and twice as much for the subjects with the highest exposure. The four year declines in FVC and FEV1 were larger than in the referents, significantly so for FEV1. There were no significant correlations between pleural plaque and ventilatory function after adjustment for exposure. Thus the age adjusted reduction in ventilatory function had progressed during the follow up period despite the cessation of exposure and the lack of radiological signs of asbestosis. AUOhlson CG; Bodin L; Rydman T; Hogstedt C EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p612-6 MJAsbestos; Chemical Industry; Respiratory Function Tests MNAdult; Aged; Calcium Hydroxide; Forced Expiratory Volume; Middle Age; Occupational Diseases /ET; Pleural Diseases /ET; Smoking; Sweden; Time Factors; Vital Capacity MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7782-49-2 (Selenium) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000457 TIProtective effect of selenium on lung cancer in smelter workers. ABA possible protective effect of selenium against lung cancer has been indicated in recent studies. Workers in copper smelters are exposed to a combination of airborne selenium and carcinogens. In this study lung tissue concentrations of selenium, antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lanthanum, and lead from 76 dead copper smelter workers were compared with those of 15 controls from a rural area and 10 controls from an urban area. The mean exposure time for the dead workers was 31.2 years, and the mean retirement time after the end of exposure 7.2 years. Lung cancer appeared in the workers with the lowest selenium lung tissue levels (selenium median value 71 micrograms/kg wet weight), as compared with both the controls (rural group, median value 110; urban group, median value 136) and other causes of death among the workers (median value 158). The quotient between the metals and selenium was used for comparison: a high quotient indicating a low protective effect of selenium and vice versa. The median values of the quotients between antimony, arsenic, cadmium, lanthanum, lead, chromium, and cobalt versus selenium were all numerically higher among the cases of lung cancer, the first five significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in 28 of the 35 comparisons between the lung cancer group and all other groups of smelter workers and controls. The different lung metal concentrations for each person were weighted according to their carcinogenic potency (Crx4 + Asx3 + Cdx2 + Sbx1 + Cox1 + Lax1 + Pbx1) against their corresponding selenium concentrations. From these calculations the protective effect of selenium was even more pronounced. AUGerhardsson L; Brune D; Nordberg IG; Wester PO EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p617-26 MJLung Neoplasms; Metallurgy; Occupational Diseases; Selenium MNAged; Lung /AN; Metals /AN; Norway; Risk; Smoking MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000458 TIGastric cancer in coal miners: a case-control study in a coal mining area. ABIn collaboration with three pathology departments a case-control study was conducted in the southern part of the Netherlands to investigate the risk of gastric cancer in coal miners. Between 1 January 1973 and 31 December 1983, 323 male patients were diagnosed as having a malignant neoplasm of the stomach. For each case a control was selected from the same pathology department, matched on year of birth and regardless of diagnosis. The archives of the Central Coal Miners Pension Fund were searched to obtain information about whether or not a patient had ever worked for a coal mining company in the Netherlands. Twenty two per cent of the patients had been registered as an underground coal miner, compared with 20% of the control group (odds ratio of 1.14, 95% confidence interval: 0.33-1.73). Those with gastric cancer who had ever worked underground in a coal mine did so for an average period of 16.9 years compared with an average of 19.7 years in the control group. The study gives no indication that the underground workers of the Dutch coal mines had a raised risk of developing a malignant neoplasm of the stomach. AUSwaen GM; Aerdts CW; Sturmans F; Slangen JJ; Knipschild P EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p627-30 MJCoal Mining; Occupational Diseases; Stomach Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Netherlands; Risk; Time Factors MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (technetium Tc 99m pentetate); 67-43-6 (DTPA); 7440-26-8 (Technetium) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000459 TIChanges in permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier in firefighters. ABThe effect on alveolar-capillary barrier permeability of chronic exposure to a smoke produced by the partial combusion of diesel oil, paraffin, and wood was examined. An index of permeability was determined from the rate of transfer from the lung into the blood of the hydrophilic, labelled chelate 99mTc diethylene triamine penta-acetate (MW 492 dalton). The results of this test were expressed as the half time clearance of the tracer from the lung into the blood (T1/2 LB). The study was carried out at the Royal Naval Firefighting School, HMS Excellent. Permeability index was measured on seven non-smoking naval firefighting instructors who had worked at the school for periods of longer than two and a half months. Tests of airway function and carbon monoxide transfer factor were performed on four of these seven instructors. The results of the permeability index showed a T1/2 LB of 26 min +/- 5 (SEM) which differed significantly from that of normal non-smokers. By contrast all other lung function tests had values within the predicted normal range. AUMinty BD; Royston D; Jones JG; Smith DJ; Searing CS; Beeley M EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p631-4 MJBurns, Inhalation; Fires; Military Personnel; Occupational Diseases MNAdult; Capillary Permeability; DTPA /DU; Great Britain; Naval Medicine; Pilot Projects; Pulmonary Alveoli /PP; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Smoke /AN; Technetium /DU MTHuman; Male RN12001-26-2 (mica); 12168-80-8 (feldspar); 1332-58-7 (Kaolin); 14808-60-7 (Quartz); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000460 TIQuantitative mineralogical analysis of small samples of china clay using x ray diffractometry. ABThe quantitative mineralogical analysis of small samples (less than 20 mg) of china clay has been investigated using x ray diffractometry to determine kaolinite, mica, quartz, and feldspar. A method has been developed and applied to the quantitative analysis of airborne dust samples and of other small discrete samples. Determinations were made either on samples after collection on a membrane filter or on samples after deposition from aqueous suspension on to a silver substrate. Quantitative analysis was hindered by preferred orientation of the kaolinite and of the mica particles that occurs when using these methods of specimen preparation. Quartz and feldspar were determined direct from prepared calibration graphs. Preferred orientation of the mica particles leads to serious interference with the most sensitive quartz x ray diffraction peak which, if not recognised, will result in an overestimation of the quartz content. Kaolinite and mica were determined from the ratio of their most intense x ray diffraction peak areas to overcome the preferred orientation effects observed for these two minerals. During the investigation, the opportunity arose for comparative measurements of quartz contents of airborne dust samples with the Occupational Medicine and Hygiene Laboratories of the Health and Safety Executive. The mass of specimen examined varied between 0.8 mg and 20 mg and the quartz contents varied between 0.1% and 1.2%. The comparative results were in good agreement. AUSalt PD EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p635-41 MJKaolin; X-Ray Diffraction MNAir Pollutants, Occupational /AN; Aluminum Silicates /AN; Particle Size; Potassium /AN; Quartz /AN RN1313-13-9 (manganese dioxide); 7439-96-5 (Manganese) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000461 TIDissolution of metals by human and rabbit alveolar macrophages. ABThe ability of human and rabbit alveolar macrophages to dissolve 0.1-0.5 micron MnO2 particles in vitro was compared. The amount of Mn added and dissolved from the particles over periods of nought, one, and three days was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The amount dissolved by human and rabbit macrophages was similar; on average 43.1% and 43.9%, respectively, were dissolved within three days. But rabbit and human macrophages dissolved significantly more Mn than was dissolved in the respective culture medium without macrophages after one and three days. It is suggested that the dissolution of particles by alveolar macrophages should be one basic component in any model of alveolar clearance of inorganic particles. AULundborg M; Eklund A; Lind B; Camner P EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p642-5 MJMacrophages; Manganese; Pulmonary Alveoli MNAdult; Cells, Cultured; Irrigation; Middle Age; Rabbits; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000462 TIRisk factors for radiogenic cancer: a comparison of factors derived from the Hanford survey with those recommended by the ICRP [letter] AUStewart AM; Kneale GW EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p647 MJNeoplasms, Radiation-Induced MNAdult; Age Factors; Aged; Child; Risk MTComparative Study; Human RN7440-66-6 (Zinc) IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000465 TIZinc deficiency is not a cause for abortion, congenital abnormality and small-for-gestational age infant in Chinese women. ABZinc concentration in serum and hair was measured in a cross-sectional study of 437 Chinese women of whom 310 were normal controls studied at various stages of pregnancy and up to 12 months after delivery. The rest had spontaneous abortions, fetuses with a birthweight below the 10th centile for gestation or congenital abnormalities. Zinc concentration fell throughout normal pregnancy, the fall being greater in serum than in hair. There was no correlation between serum and hair levels. The infant birthweight had a positive correlation with serum level but a negative correlation with hair level. Abortion, low birthweight and congenital abnormality were not associated with low concentrations of zinc in plasma or hair. AUGhosh A; Fong LY; Wan CW; Liang ST; Woo JS; Wong V EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p886-91 MJAbnormalities; Abortion; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Pregnancy Complications; Zinc /DF MNAdult; China /EH; Hair /AN; Hong Kong; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Zinc /AN /BL MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7439-89-6 (Iron); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-66-6 (Zinc) IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000466 TIThe effects of oral iron supplementation on zinc and magnesium levels during pregnancy. ABSerial changes in serum zinc and magnesium concentrations have been studied before conception, throughout pregnancy and at 12 weeks postpartum in 15 normal healthy women not receiving iron supplementation, 10 women receiving iron supplementation but otherwise having healthy pregnancies and five insulin-dependent diabetics who also received oral iron. Relative to pre-pregnancy values zinc concentrations progressively decreased throughout pregnancy reaching a nadir at 36 weeks gestation followed by an increase; pre-pregnancy values were achieved by 12 weeks postpartum. Magnesium concentrations also decreased throughout pregnancy reaching a nadir at 32 weeks gestation increasing thereafter again with pre-pregnancy values achieved by 12 weeks postpartum. Iron supplementation in non-diabetic and diabetic women had no significant effect upon the changes in serum concentration of either zinc or magnesium. These results suggest that the decrease in the concentrations of both elements is a normal physiological adjustment to pregnancy and that iron supplementation does not influence these changes. AUSheldon WL; Aspillaga MO; Smith PA; Lind T EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p892-8 MJIron; Magnesium; Pregnancy; Zinc MNAdministration, Oral; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /BL; Longitudinal Studies; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Pregnancy in Diabetes /BL; Puerperium MTFemale; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000467 TIRecurrent pregnancy losses and parental chromosome abnormalities: a review. ABA compilation of the cytogenetic results taken from 79 published surveys of couples with two or more pregnancy losses (comprising 8208 women and 7834 men) showed an overall prevalence of major chromosome abnormalities of 2.9%. This is five to six times higher than that of the general adult population. In every group of chromosome abnormalities in the parents a predominance of female to male affected was noted (2:1). Approximately 50% of all chromosome abnormalities detected were balanced reciprocal translocations, 24% were Robertsonian translocations, 12% were sex chromosomal mosaicisms in females, and the rest consisted of inversions and other sporadic abnormalities. Parents with two or more idiopathic pregnancy losses should be karyotyped to aid in management and counselling. When a translocation or other abnormality (e.g. X chromosomal mosaicism) predisposing to an abnormal zygote is found, prenatal diagnosis is indicated in future pregnancies. Even when parental karyotypes are normal, prenatal diagnosis should be considered in subsequent pregnancies of parents with two or more pregnancy losses because of the high incidence of chromosome abnormalities in spontaneous abortions. For the same reason, if a single previous pregnancy loss is known to have been chromosomally aneuploid, parental karyotypes may have to be examined (depending upon the finding in the pregnancy loss), and prenatal diagnosis should also be considered in subsequent pregnancies. AUTharapel AT; Tharapel SA; Bannerman RM EM8601 ID417 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p899-914 MJAbortion, Habitual; Chromosome Aberrations; Fetal Death; Infant Mortality MNGenetic Counseling; Infant, Newborn; Inversion (Genetics); Karyotyping; Mosaicism; Parents; Pregnancy; Recurrence; Sex Chromosome Abnormalities /FG; Sex Factors; Translocation (Genetics) MCReview MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000468 TIFetal blood chromosome analysis: some new indications for prenatal karyotyping. ABPrenatal karyotyping using stimulated fetal blood lymphocytes was undertaken in 170 pregnancies between 16 and 36 weeks gestation for the following reasons--mosaicism or marker chromosomes found in amniotic fluid culture; a family history of X-linked mental retardation with fragile Xq28; fetal abnormalities detected ultrasonographically; late booking or amniotic fluid culture failure in patients with advanced age or balanced translocations; and twin pregnancies discordant for a chromosomal anomaly. Forty-one karyotypic abnormalities were detected (24%). These were: 45,X (7 cases), trisomy 13 (5 cases), trisomy 18 (6 cases), trisomy 21 (4 cases), twin pregnancy where one twin had trisomy 21 (1 case), supernumerary marker chromosome (3 cases, one of which occurred in a twin pregnancy), triploidy (3 cases), X-linked mental retardation with fragile site at Xq28 in males (6 cases), fetal erythroleukaemia (3 cases including 2 cases with Turner's), Fanconi's anaemia (1 case), unbalanced chromosome translocation 47,XY+der22,t(11;22) mat (1 case), mos 46,XX18p-/46,XX,-18+i(18q) (1 case), 46,XXdel(2q) (1 case), and 46,XYt(5;17) de novo (1 case). In fetuses at high risk of a chromosome aberration, a rapidly obtained karyotype is helpful and fetoscopy and fetal blood sampling are justified in the second or third trimester. AUGosden C; Rodeck CH; Nicolaides KH; Campbell S; Eason P; Sharp JC EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p915-20 MJChromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Abnormalities; Fetal Blood; Prenatal Diagnosis MNAmniotic Fluid /PH; Fetoscopy; Karyotyping; Mosaicism; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000469 TIThe repetition of spontaneous preterm labour. ABThe likelihood of repetition of preterm birth after spontaneous onset of labour has been studied in 6572 reproductive careers after excluding stillbirths, multiple births, all careers in which any labour had been induced, and all careers in which the gestation length in any pregnancy was not certain. The analysis was controlled not only for pregnancy number, but for the nature of the reproductive outcomes. In most reproductive sequences there was a weak correlation between the gestation in one pregnancy and subsequent ones. The risk of preterm birth was tripled after one previous preterm birth with or without a preceding abortion, and increased six-fold after two previous preterm births. However, the attributable risk was low, and most multiparae with preterm births did not have a previous history. AUCarr-Hill RA; Hall MH EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p921-8 MJLabor, Premature MNGestational Age; Parity; Pregnancy; Recurrence; Risk MTFemale; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000470 TIEfficacy of intrauterine volume, fetal abdominal area and biparietal diameter measurements with ultrasound in screening for small-for-dates babies. ABThe efficacy of total intrauterine, intra-amniotic and placental volume measurements with ultrasound in screening for low birthweight (less than or equal to 10th and less than or equal to 3rd centile) was compared prospectively with fetal biparietal diameter and abdominal area measurements at 32 and 36 weeks gestation in an unselected population of 362 women. In all of them the gestation was dated by ultrasound in the first half of pregnancy. Reference values were from a separate normal population studied previously. Total intrauterine volume showed the highest sensitivity in predicting babies weighing less than or equal to 10th centile (58% at 32 weeks and 62% at 36 weeks) and those weighing less than or equal to 3rd centile (78% at 32 weeks and 83% at 36 weeks). A higher number of false-positive tests resulted in a lower predictive value of a positive test (mean 34% for babies weighing less than or equal to 10th centile) than that found for abdominal area (mean 54%). Abdominal measurements selected a smaller 'at risk' group. Biparietal diameter, intra-amniotic and placental volume measurements had inferior predictive capability than total intrauterine volume and abdominal area. For screening purposes abdominal area measurements are presently more suitable than intrauterine volume. The higher sensitivity of intrauterine volume, particularly in early third trimester, is an advantage that requires further investigation with reference to intrauterine growth retardation. AUGeirsson RT; Patel NB; Christie AD EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p929-35 MJInfant, Small for Gestational Age; Prenatal Diagnosis; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNAdult; Amnion /AH; Cephalometry; Fetus /AH; Infant, Newborn; Methods; Placenta /AH; Pregnancy; Uterus /AH MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000471 TIIntrauterine volume, fetal abdominal area and biparietal diameter measurements with ultrasound in the prediction of small-for-dates babies in a high-risk obstetric population. ABThe value of fetal biparietal diameter and abdominal area, total intrauterine, intra-amniotic and placental volume measurements for predicting small-for-dates babies in a high-risk obstetric population was investigated in 130 women. A parallel planimetric area method was used to measure volume. The commonest risk factors were suspected intrauterine growth-retardation, hypertensive complications and previous poor obstetric history. The prevalence of birthweight at and below the 10th or 3rd centiles was 30 and 16% respectively. Fetal abdominal area and total intrauterine volume measurements had the highest and comparable sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value in the detection of infants with birthweights of less than or equal to 10th and less than or equal to 3rd centiles. While these measurements are of use in consolidating the clinical diagnosis of small-for-dates fetuses (growth retardation), high false positive rates (10% and 16-17% for birthweights less than or equal to 10th centile, and less than or equal to 3rd centile respectively) make further discriminatory tests necessary for part of the population. AUGeirsson RT; Patel NB; Christie AD EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p936-40 MJInfant, Small for Gestational Age; Prenatal Diagnosis; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNAdolescence; Adult; Amnion /AH; Cephalometry; Fetus /AH; Infant, Newborn; Placenta /AH; Pregnancy; Risk; Uterus /AH MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000472 TIThe assessment of persistent bradycardia in prenatal life. ABTwelve patients with persistent fetal bradycardia were referred for echocardiographic assessment; in 10 patients the fetus had complete heart block, six isolated and four with associated structural heart disease. In the remaining two patients an atrial arrhythmia was producing a fetal sinus bradycardia. Complete heart block with structural heart disease has a poor prognosis. Isolated complete heart block has a good prognosis if the pregnancy is carefully managed. A sinus bradycardia due to atrial ectopic beats is a benign arrhythmia. Echocardiographic assessment of the heart can give an accurate prognosis in fetal bradycardia and provide a basis for appropriate obstetric management. AUCrawford D; Chapman M; Allan L EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p941-4 MJBradycardia; Fetal Diseases; Prenatal Diagnosis MNArrhythmia /CO; Electrocardiography; Fetal Heart /PP; Heart Block /CO /PP; Heart Defects, Congenital /CO; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human RN112-80-1 (oleic acid); 25167-62-8 (docosahexenoic acid); 544-63-8 (myristic acid); 57-10-3 (palmitic acid); 57-11-4 (stearic acid); 7771-44-0 (arachidonic acid) IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000473 TIThe transfer of free fatty acids across the human placenta. ABThirty-three matched maternal venous and umbilical cord vein and artery plasma samples were obtained at elective caesarean section and the concentrations of the individual free fatty acids determined. The maternal levels were 1.009 (SEM 0.043) and the umbilical vein-artery difference was 0.036 (SEM 0.011) mmol/l. There was a significant correlation between the mean concentration in maternal venous blood and the vein-artery difference for myristic, palmitic, stearic, linoleic and docosahexaenoic acids but not for oleic acid. When arachidonic acid concentration in the fetus was high, then the vein-artery difference was negative (flow to the placenta), when it was low, the difference was positive (flow to the fetus). Thus whilst there appears in general to be a flow of fatty acid to the fetus dependent on maternal free fatty acid concentrations, the transfer of arachidonic acid is largely determined by other factors. The reasons why oleic acid does not behave like the other fatty acids is not clear. AUHendrickse W; Stammers JP; Hull D EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p945-52 MJFatty Acids, Nonesterified; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Placenta MNAdolescence; Adult; Arachidonic Acids /BL; Cesarean Section; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated /BL; Myristic Acids /BL; Oleic Acids /BL; Palmitic Acids /BL; Pregnancy; Stearic Acids /BL MTFemale; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000474 TIGestation sac size in in-vitro fertilization pregnancies. ABThe gestation sac size in pregnancies resulting from in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer have been compared with those in spontaneous pregnancies. Small-for-dates gestational sac sizes were found in 36% of the IVF pregnancies. This proportion held for both singleton and multiple pregnancies. With increasing gestation beyond 8 weeks the gestation sac volume increasingly approached normal. In contrast to spontaneous conceptions, IVF pregnancies had a low rate of pregnancy loss once fetal heart movements were demonstrated, when the gestation sac size was small-for-dates. Small sac size in an IVF pregnancy may lead to the misdiagnosis of a failed pregnancy. AUde Crespigny LC; Robinson HP; Murphy A; McBain JC; Gronow M; Bayly CM; Speirs A; Johnston WI EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p953-6 MJAmnion; Fertilization in Vitro; Pregnancy MNAbortion /DI; Embryo Transfer; Pregnancy Trimester, First MTFemale; Human RNEC 1.1. (3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 50-56-6 (Oxytocin); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 80471-63-2 (epostane) IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000475 TIMyometrial activity in first trimester human pregnancy after Epostane therapy. Effect of intravenous oxytocin. ABThe effect on myometrial activity of Epostane, a competitive inhibitor of the 3 beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase enzyme system (3 beta-HSD) has been studied in 20 women awaiting termination of pregnancy. The women were randomly allocated by a double-blind procedure into two groups. In the Epostane-treated group there were significant falls in serum progesterone and oestradiol concentrations after 3 days of treatment. The placebo-treated group showed a small but significant decline in serum progesterone concentration. Insertion of an intrauterine balloon catheter for pressure measurements produced significantly greater uterine activity in the Epostane-treated group. The oxytocin response was variable and there was no significant difference between the two groups. A small rise in the peripheral plasma concentration of a prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite (PGFM) was observed in the placebo group following oxytocin injection. There was a significant inverse correlation between post treatment progesterone values and uterine activity. Epostane appears to sensitize the myometrium to endogenous oxytocics and this probably results from progesterone 'withdrawal'. This effect may prove useful in potentiating the action of exogenous myometrial stimulants, such as prostaglandins, and may have a role in the termination of early pregnancy. AUWebster MA; Pattison NS; Phipps SL; Gillmer MD EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p957-62 MJ3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Androstenols; Myometrium; Oxytocin; Uterine Contraction MNAbortion, Therapeutic; Adolescence; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Drug Synergism; Estradiol /BL; Pessaries; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy; Progesterone /BL MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.1. (3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases); 363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 80471-63-2 (epostane) IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000476 TIInterruption of first trimester human pregnancy following Epostane therapy. Effect of prostaglandin E2 pessaries. ABThe effect of Epostane, a competitive inhibitor of the 3 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase enzyme system in combination with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) for induction of abortion in early first trimester pregnancy has been studied in a group of 20 women awaiting termination of pregnancy. The women were consecutively assigned to four treatment groups. The first group was treated with PGE2 alone, administered vaginally as a lipid based (Witepsol) pessary. The remaining three groups received Epostane at differing doses for 5 days, and were treated with PGE2 on the fourth day. Significant falls in serum progesterone and oestradiol occurred in the Epostane-treated patients. Abortion was induced in one of the five control patients and in three of 10 patients treated with low doses (300-400 mg) of Epostane. Intrauterine pressure monitoring showed an increased reactivity to PGE2 in the treated groups. At the highest dose (600 mg) of Epostane, serum progesterone and oestradiol showed the greatest decline to 8% and 21% of the pretreatment values, a prompt and sustained pressure response occurred to PGE2 and abortion was induced in all five patients. A critical degree of progesterone suppression appears to sensitize the myometrium to exogenous prostaglandin. This combined treatment is an effective method of early pregnancy termination and may have a role in the management of mid-trimester abortion. AUWebster MA; Phipps SL; Gillmer MD EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p963-8 MJ3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Abortion, Therapeutic; Androstenols; Myometrium; Prostaglandins E; Uterine Contraction MNAdolescence; Adult; Drug Synergism; Estradiol /BL; Pessaries; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy; Progesterone /BL MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000477 TIThe outlook for women with borderline epithelial tumours of the ovary. ABSeventy-two women with borderline epithelial tumours of the ovary have been followed up for between 3 and 9 years. Patients with disease confined to one or both ovaries had a good prognosis, irrespective of histological type. When extra-ovarian spread was present at the time of diagnosis, neither the histological type nor the amount of residual tumour predicted the long-term outcome in individual patients. AUTasker M; Langley FA EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p969-73 MJOvarian Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Epithelium /PA; Middle Age; Ovarian Neoplasms /PA /SU; Pregnancy; Prognosis MTFemale; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000478 TILangerhans' cells and lymphocyte subsets in the female genital tract. ABCryostat sections of healthy cervical, vaginal and vulval epithelium were examined using immunohistological labelling techniques and a panel of monoclonal antibodies recognizing Langerhans' cells, T- and B-lymphocytes and HLA-DR antigen. The distribution of Langerhans' cells in squamous epithelium of the cervix, vagina and vulva showed a marked variation with the highest median values in the vulva (18.7 per 100 basal squamous cells) and the lowest in the vagina (5.5 per 100 basal squamous cells). There was also a substantial variation in number and distribution of lymphocytes of each of these three areas with a distinct preponderance in the transformation zone of the cervix. In addition, intraepithelial lymphocytes, predominantly of the T-cytotoxic suppressor sub-type were present at all sites with the greatest number in the transformation zone. We conclude from this study that lymphoid tissue of the cervical transformation zone has several unique characteristics which are not observed at other sites in the lower genital tract. We suggest that this tissue be designated 'cervical lymphoid tissue' and that it forms a part of the 'mucosal associated lymphoid tissue' (MALT) as noted at other mucosal sites exposed to the external environment. AUEdwards JN; Morris HB EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p974-82 MJGenitalia, Female; Langerhans Cells; Lymphocytes MNAdult; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Cell Count; Cervix Uteri /CY; Epithelium /CY; Immunoenzyme Technics; Middle Age; Plasma Cells; Suppressor Cells; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Vagina /CY; Vulva /CY MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN297-76-7 (Ethynodiol Diacetate); 52-01-7 (Spironolactone); 57-63-6 (Ethinyl Estradiol); 8075-78-3 (SC-11800 EE) IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000479 TISpironolactone in combination with an oral contraceptive: an alternative treatment for hirsutism. ABThe clinical efficacy of a combination of spironolactone and an oral contraceptive pill (Conova 30) was assessed in 23 patients presenting with hirsutism of whom 20 completed 6 months of treatment. Of the 20 patients, 16 showed improvement on objective (Ferriman & Gallwey hair score) and subjective assessment. Serum levels of androgens (testosterone, androstenedione and 17-hydroxy progesterone) were suppressed and sex hormone binding globulins were elevated. Nausea was the only significant side effect. AUChapman MG; Dowsett M; Dewhurst CJ; Jeffcoate SL EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p983-5 MJContraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethynodiol Diacetate; Hirsutism /DT; Spironolactone MNContraceptives, Oral, Combined /TU; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hirsutism /BL MTFemale; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000480 TIEntrapment of the fetal head in a unilateral imperforate vagina in association with complete duplication of uterus and cervix. Case report. AUDavies WA; Cullimore J EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p986-8 MJCervix Uteri; Labor Complications; Uterus; Vagina MNAdult; Head /EM; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000481 TIBeware of the 'plum'--ureterocele. Case report. AUMacNab G; Osborn D EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p989-90 MJUreterocele /DI MNAdult; Ureterocele /CO /SU; Urinary Incontinence /CO MTCase Report; Female; Human RNEC 3.1.- (Phospholipases); EC 3.1.1.- (Phospholipases A); EC 3.1.1.3 (Lipase) IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000482 TIPancreatic lipase and phospholipase A2 concentration in amniotic fluid and the prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. AUGebhardt DO; Brock DJ; Nanto V ; Eskola JU EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p991-2 MJAmniotic Fluid; Cystic Fibrosis; Lipase; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases; Prenatal Diagnosis MNPancreas /EN; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000483 TIObstetric aspects of Gaucher's disease [letter] AUYoung KR; Payne MJ EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p993 MJGaucher's Disease; Pregnancy Complications MNAdult; Pregnancy; Splenomegaly /CO MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000484 TIThe sex ratio of infants born after hormonal induction of ovulation [letter] EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p993-6 MJOvulation Induction; Sex Ratio MNGonadotropins /TU; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000485 TIA rapid and sensitive culture test for detecting herpes simplex virus from the eye. ABA rapid and sensitive culture test has been developed for detecting herpes simplex virus (HSV) in ocular infections. The virus is cultured by inoculation and centrifugation of cell monolayers grown on coverslips and the inclusions detected by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. This rapid test takes only two days to complete. By comparison, in our hands the conventional culture test, which depends on the development of cytopathic effect, took between 1 and 20 days with a mean of 4.7 days. Of the 1638 ocular clinical specimens inoculated in parallel by the two methods a total of 188 were positive for HSV. The virus was detected from 184 (97.8%) specimens by the rapid test and from 144 (76.6%) by the conventional test (McNemar's test, U = 5.76, p less than 0.001). AUWalpita P; Darougar S; Thaker U EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p637-9 MJHerpesvirus Hominis; Keratitis, Dendritic MNEye /MI; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Time Factors; Virus Cultivation /MT MTHuman RN60-54-8 (Tetracycline) IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000486 TIRapid, reliable diagnosis of chlamydial ophthalmia by means of monoclonal antibodies. ABThe use of fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody (Syva, UK) provided a rapid reliable diagnostic test for Chlamydia trachomatis in conjunctival samples from 100 adults with acute follicular conjunctivitis and seven babies with suspected chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum. Elementary bodies (EBs) were seen in smears from 11 of the adults, and culture confirmed C. trachomatis infection in nine of them. Both tests were positive with specimens from four of the neonates. No specimens from either group of patients produced a negative result in the smear test but a positive result by culture. However, the two adult patients with chlamydial ophthalmia who had negative cultures but were EB-positive had both had prior topical tetracycline therapy. AUHawkins DA; Wilson RS; Thomas BJ; Evans RT EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p640-4 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Chlamydia trachomatis; Conjunctivitis, Inclusion MNAdult; Conjunctivitis, Inclusion /DT; Infant, Newborn; Ophthalmia Neonatorum /MI; Tetracycline /TU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000487 TITreatment of experimental lens capsular tears with intense focused ultrasound. ABHigh-intensity focused ultrasound was employed to seal lens capsular tears in a rabbit model. Ultrasound therapy was applied either contiguously, thereby completely covering the tear, or in a discrete exposure pattern around the tear. Both methods prevented the formation of a generalised cataract. This was in contrast to results observed in a group of control (untreated) animals which all developed generalised lens opacities. Each control animal also developed a local lens opacity at the site of the capsular tear, as did half the animals treated with the discrete pattern. No animal treated with contiguous exposures developed any local or generalised traumatic-type cataract other than the small lens opacity immediately produced by the treatment. These treatment cataracts would not constitute a significant impediment to vision so long as they did not fall on the visual axis. AUColeman DJ; Lizzi FL; Torpey JH; Burgess SE; Driller J; Rosado A; Nguyen HT EM8601 IDEY03174; EY01480 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p645-9 MJLens Capsule, Crystalline; Lens, Crystalline; Ultrasonic Therapy MNCataract /PA /PC; Lens Capsule, Crystalline /PA; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000488 TIRetinal detachment following extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. ABFourteen cases of primary retinal detachment after extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were treated by scleral buckling surgery. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 100% of the cases. All eyes had a postoperative visual acuity of 6/30 or better; in six eyes the visual acuity was 6/12 or better. We attributed our high anatomical success rate to early detection of the retinal detachment, good visibility of the retinal breaks, lack of inflammatory reaction in the vitreous body, and preoperative absence of fixed retinal folds and preretinal membranes. AUHo PC; Tolentino FI EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p650-3 MJCataract Extraction; Lenses, Intraocular; Retinal Detachment MNAged; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Retinal Detachment /SU; Scleral Buckling; Visual Acuity MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000489 TIShifting subretinal fluid in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. ABIn a consecutive series of 470 cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment 25 (5%) were found to have shifting subretinal fluid (SRF) at the preoperative examination. The study showed that the association between SRF and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is unusual but not rare. Shifting SRF was most often associated with aphakic and longstanding retinal detachment, and found in cases in which the retinal holes were small. AUKirkby GR; Chignell AH EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p654-5 MJRetinal Detachment /PA; Vitreous Body MNAphakia /CO; Movement; Retinal Detachment /CO; Retinal Perforations /PA; Time Factors MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000490 TIChanges at the periphery of a lesion in necrotising scleritis: anterior segment fluorescein angiography correlated with electron microscopy. ABAnterior segment fluorescein angiography in scleral disease reveals highly characteristic changes in the vasculature of the anterior segment associated with necrotising scleritis. The vaso-obliterative changes discovered in this investigation have been correlated with the histopathology in a patient who had to have tissue replaced. Light and electron microscopy of scleral tissue excised from sites of vascular closure detected by fluorescein angiography peripheral to the scleral defect revealed pathological changes in the absence of inflammatory cell infiltration. These changes included vascular stasis, partial vaso-obliteration, and fibroblastic transformation of scleral fibrocytes in association with intra- and extracellular degradation of the collagenous component of the matrix. AUWatson PG; Young RD EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p656-63 MJSclera MNCollagen; Corneal Ulcer /PA; Cytoplasmic Granules /UL; Fluorescein Angiography; Inflammation /PA; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Age; Necrosis; Sclera /UL; Ulcer /PA MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000491 TIFamily studies in glaucoma. ABTwo groups of patients with a family history of chronic open-angle glaucoma were compared with a normal population of 5919 individuals studied during the Bedford Glaucoma Survey. The mean screening intraocular pressure was significantly raised in both groups with a family history of chronic open-angle glaucoma. The prevalence rate of a raised intraocular pressure was 3.81 times that found in the normal population. This relationship was maintained when age-dependent prevalence rates were evaluated. No correlation between raised intraocular pressure and type of familial involvement could be determined. A 10- to 12-year follow-up of one group with a family history for open-angle glaucoma (101 patients) showed that 3% developed confirmed glaucoma, while an additional 5.9% were diagnosed as suspected chronic open-angle glaucoma. A letter survey of this group showed that 9 out of 63 respondents knew of additional family members who developed glaucoma over this 10-12-year period. AURosenthal AR; Perkins ES EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p664-7 MJGlaucoma, Open-Angle MNAdult; Age Factors; Aged; Intraocular Pressure; Middle Age; Risk MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN53-86-1 (Indomethacin) IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000492 TIEffects of topical indomethacin pretreatment on argon laser trabeculoplasty: a randomised, double-masked study on black South Africans. ABThis randomised, double-masked study on 45 black South Africans compares the effect of topical indomethacin pretreatment with that of placebo on the immediate postoperative increase or reduction in intraocular pressure one week and one month after argon laser trabeculoplasty. There was no significant difference in the incidence and the magnitude of the immediate postoperative intraocular pressure increase between the two groups, though they occurred significantly later in the indomethacin-treated group (p less than 0.01). Although no effect of indomethacin pretreatment on the intraocular pressure reduction was evident after one week, a significant adverse effect of the drug was demonstrated after one month (p less than 0.01). AUGelfand YA; Wolpert M EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p668-72 MJIndomethacin; Lasers; Premedication; Trabecular Meshwork MNAdministration, Topical; Aged; Clinical Trials; Glaucoma, Open-Angle /SU; Indomethacin /TU; Intraocular Pressure /DE; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications /PC; Random Allocation; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000494 TIThe ocular pulse and intraocular pressure as a screening test for carotid artery stenosis. ABThe ocular pulse and applanation tension were measured with a recording applanation tonometer in 38 patients suspected of having internal carotid artery stenosis. Abnormalities of the ocular pulse amplitude, intraocular pressure, or combinations of these two measurements were found in 23 (82%) of 28 patients who were subsequently found to have angiographic evidence of 50% or more stenosis of one or both internal carotid arteries. Of 10 patients without angiographic evidence of carotid stenosis the ocular pulse amplitude, intraocular pressure, or both were abnormal in five, but two patients had an ocular cause for abnormality and two of the remaining three had evidence of carotid disease in the form of atheromatous plaques. These results suggest that measurement of the amplitude of the ocular pulse in addition to the intraocular pressure can predict the presence of carotid artery stenosis and indicate the need for further investigation. If a tonometer capable of measuring the pulse amplitude was used routinely in ophthalmic examinations, it would provide a useful screening test for the early diagnosis and treatment of carotid artery disease and might thereby reduce the frequency of strokes. AUPerkins ES EM8601 IDEY-1151 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p676-80 MJArterial Occlusive Diseases; Carotid Artery Diseases; Intraocular Pressure; Pulse MNArterial Occlusive Diseases /RA; Carotid Arteries /RA; Carotid Artery Diseases /RA; Eye /BS; Tonometry MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000495 TISyndrome of ischaemic ocular inflammation: six cases and a review. ABPatients with carotid occlusive disease may develop a variety of symptoms and signs secondary to chronic ocular ischaemia. We report six cases affecting nine eyes and review the findings of teichopsia, anterior segment ischaemia, venous stasis retinopathy, and ocular neovascularisation. The assessment and surgical management of carotid obstruction are discussed. Some comments on the relevance of coexisting diabetes are made. AUJacobs NA; Ridgway AE EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p681-7 MJArterial Occlusive Diseases; Carotid Artery Diseases; Eye; Ischemia MNAdult; Aged; Anterior Eye Segment; Arterial Occlusive Diseases /RA; Carotid Artery Diseases /RA; Diabetes Mellitus /CO; Fluorescein Angiography; Middle Age; Neovascularization; Retinal Diseases /ET; Retinal Hemorrhage /ET MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000496 TITransient monocular obscuration--?amaurosis fugax: a case report. ABA 73-year-old white man with pseudophakia experienced repeated bouts of transient visual loss associated with erythropsia and colour desaturation. A diagnosis of atheromatous carotid vascular disease was considered, prompting carotid angiography, during which time the patient experienced transient aphasia. Subsequent examination during an episode of visual loss showed that a spontaneous anterior chamber haemorrhage was the cause of the visual complaints. AUKosmorsky GS; Rosenfeld SI; Burde RM EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p688-90 MJBlindness; Hyphema MNAged; Aphasia /ET; Time Factors MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000497 TIBilateral macular dysplasia ('colobomata') and congenital retinal dystrophy. ABThree unrelated patients with bilateral macular dysplasia ('colobomata') with no relevant family history were found to have absent or substantially abnormal electroretinograms, implying that there was an associated retinal dystrophy. This may suggest that the macular lesions are associated with a global failure of retinal development, with a regional preponderance rather than a purely localised cause such as an intrauterine infection. It is important to distinguish between congenital infections such as toxoplasmosis and developmental macular colobomata, which have a somewhat similar ophthalmoscopic appearance as a cause of bilateral macular abnormalities seen in young children, since they have different implications for genetic advice and future ophthalmic care. AUMoore AT; Taylor DS; Harden A EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p691-9 MJColoboma; Macula Lutea; Retinal Degeneration MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Electroretinography; Fundus Oculi; Infant; Retinal Degeneration /CO; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Visual Acuity MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000498 TIRecurrent visual loss in homozygous sickle cell disease. ABIn sickle cell retinopathy vascular involvement is most frequently recognised at the retinal periphery, but obstruction of perimacular arterioles and of major retinal vessels may also occur. This report describes a patient with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease with recurrent occlusion of major retinal vessels associated with recurring transient impairment of visual function. AUCondon PI; Whitelocke RA; Bird AC; Talbot JF; Serjeant GR EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p700-6 MJAnemia, Sickle Cell; Blindness MNAdult; Fluorescein Angiography; Recurrence; Retinal Diseases /CO; Retinal Vessels; Visual Acuity MTCase Report; Human; Male RNEC 3.- (complement 1 q); EC 3.- (Complement Activating Enzymes); 9007-36-7 (Complement) IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000499 TISerum complement components in patients with trachoma. ABSerum C1q, C3, C4, and C5 components of complement levels were measured in 56 healthy subjects and 98 patients with trachoma. Serum C1q and C3 levels were found to be significantly low in stages II and III. There was no change in serum C4 and C5 levels in any of the stages. The levels of C1q and C3 complement components in serum in stages II and III returned to normal as the disease resolved following the medical treatment. AUSen DK; Sarin GS; Hiranandani M; Baveja UK EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p707-10 MJComplement; Trachoma MNAdult; Complement 3 /ME; Complement 4 /ME; Complement 5 /ME; Complement Activating Enzymes /ME; Middle Age; Trachoma /PA MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000500 TICongenital fistulae of the lacrimal gland. ABA 15-year-old female was found on routine clinical examination to have bilateral asymptomatic congenital fistulae of the lacrimal glands. The fistulae opened into the conjunctival sac at the external canthus of both eyes. Temporary occlusion of these openings produced an immediate and significant reduction in tear secretion in both eyes. AUO'Connor MA; Archer DB; Hart PM EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p711-3 MJFistula; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases MNAdolescence; Conjunctival Diseases /CN /TH; Fistula /RA /TH; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases /RA /TH; Tears /SE MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000501 TIOro-facial granulomatosis: a possible allergic basis. ABFood or flavouring intolerance has been demonstrated in 14 out of 80 patients with oro-facial granulomatosis. Provoking molecules include cinnamaldehyde, carvone and piperitone, although a wide range of food or flavourings may be implicated. The nature of the reaction is not understood but does not seem to involve an IgE mediated response. At present the only reliable way of detecting specific provoking factors is by the use of an elimination diet. AUPatton DW; Ferguson MM; Forsyth A; James J EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p235-42 MJAllergens; Food Hypersensitivity; Granuloma; Mouth Diseases MNCacao /AE; Cinnamon /AE; Flavoring Agents /AE; Food Hypersensitivity /DH /DI; Patch Tests MTHuman IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000502 TISarcoidosis of the tongue--a case report. ABA case of sarcoidosis, unusual in that it was confined to the tongue, is reported in a 50 year-old female. The condition resolved after 1 year of steroid therapy and excision of fibrous tethering bands. Intra-oral sarcoidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lingual swelling and induration. AUMacleod RI; Snow MH; Hawkesford JE EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p243-6 MJSarcoidosis /PA; Tongue Diseases /PA MNMiddle Age; Sarcoidosis /DT; Steroids /TU; Time Factors; Tongue Diseases /DT MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000503 TIPyoderma gangrenosum with involvement of the tongue. AUYusuf H; Ead RD EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p247-50 MJHand Dermatoses; Pyoderma; Skin Ulcer; Tongue Diseases MNMiddle Age; Stomatitis, Aphthous /PA MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000504 TITopical bleomycin in the treatment of oral leukoplakia: a pilot study. ABSix patients with oral leukoplakia were treated by the daily application of a 0.5 per cent (w/v) solution of bleomycin sulphate in dimethyl sulphoxide. After 12 to 15 applications, the white patch peeled off and the resultant raw surface epithelialised over the following 14 days. Repeat biopsies showed a significant improvement in the histology, with reduced dysplasia and keratinisation. AUHammersley N; Ferguson MM; Rennie JS EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p251-8 MJBleomycins; Leukoplakia, Oral MNAdministration, Topical; Biopsy; Leukoplakia, Oral /PA; Pilot Projects; Time Factors MTHuman IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000505 TIThe submucosal island flap in the closure of oro-antral fistula. ABA submucosal island palatal flap technique was used successfully in seven patients for closure of large oro-antral fistulae. The technique provides not only an island flap of submucosal connective tissue to close the fistula, but a flap of mucosa to cover the raw area of palatal bone. The advantages of the technique are that healing is satisfactory without denuded bone, the island flap has excellent mobility and does not produce bunching of the mucosa of the hard palate and recipient site, and dentures may be fitted early following the excellent healing of the wound. AUYamazaki Y; Yamaoka M; Hirayama M; Shimada H EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p259-63 MJOroantral Fistula /SU; Surgical Flaps MNAdult; Connective Tissue /SU; Middle Age; Mouth Mucosa /SU; Oroantral Fistula /PP; Wound Healing MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000506 TIPalatal fistula due to an electrical burn. AUCarter JL EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p264-7 MJBurns, Electric; Fistula; Mouth Diseases; Nose Diseases; Palate MNAdult; Fistula /SU; Mouth Diseases /SU; Nose Diseases /SU; Surgical Flaps MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000507 TIDental and facial injuries following sports accidents: a study of 130 patients. ABDetails of injuries to the face and teeth have been collected over a five-year period. One hundred and thirty patients were seen with injuries resulting from 21 different sports. Estimates of the numbers of people playing various team sports in the Bradford area suggest that the incidence of facial injuries is most common in rugby, followed by soccer and cricket. Miniature motor cycling and horse-riding are the most dangerous individual sports. The ages of injured patients varied widely in different sports, but the severity of injuries sustained is less than those due to other causes. AUHill CM; Crosher RF; Mason DA EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p268-74 MJAthletic Injuries; Facial Bones; Skull Fractures; Tooth MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Great Britain; Mandibular Fractures /OC; Maxillary Fractures /OC; Middle Age; Tooth Fractures /OC MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000508 TISubluxation of the atlanto-axial joint. ABA case of post operative atlanto-axial dislocation is presented which was diagnosed on CT scan although the clinical signs and symptoms should have suggested the diagnosis. It is recommended that all patients who present with torticollis in the early post operative period should be considered to have C1-C2 dislocation and an orthopaedic opinion should be sought. AUParker DA; Selwyn P; Bradley PJ EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p275-8 MJAtlanto-Axial Joint; Dislocations MNAdolescence; Atlanto-Axial Joint /RA; Dislocations /RA; Mandibular Neoplasms /SU; Postoperative Complications; Rhabdomyosarcoma /SU; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000509 TIFracture of the cervical spine complicating bilateral fractures of the mandible: a case report. ABA case reported of a 21-year-old male who sustained a fracture of the body of the second cervical vertebra, a bilateral fracture of the mandible and a deep laceration on the left side of his neck. The importance of excluding cervical spine fractures in cases of severe trauma to the head and neck is emphasised, and the airway management problems are discussed. AUHemmings KW EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p279-83 MJAxis; Fractures; Mandibular Fractures MNAdult; Fracture Fixation; Fractures /TH; Immobilization; Mandibular Fractures /TH; Tracheotomy MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000510 TIRhabdomyoma of the floor of the mouth: a new case and review of recently reported intra-oral rhabdomyomas. ABExtra-cardiac rhabdomyoma is a rare, benign neoplasm of skeletal muscle origin which occurs predominantly in the head and neck region, mainly in the oral cavity. This article reports a rhabdomyoma (adult type) in the floor of the mouth in a 39 year-old man. The detailed histological features are presented and recent cases from the literature are reviewed. AUReid CO; Smith CJ EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p284-91 MJMouth Floor; Mouth Neoplasms; Rhabdomyoma MNAdult; Mouth Floor /SU; Mouth Neoplasms /SU; Rhabdomyoma /SU MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000511 TIA case of branchial (lympho-epithelial) cyst, illustrating the value of ultrasound in diagnosis of cervical swellings. ABUltrasound has until recently found little application in oral and maxillofacial surgery despite wide use in other specialties. Ultrasound imaging uses the reflection of pulses of high frequency sound to display soft tissues and to differentiate between tissue types, particularly solid and cystic. A case of branchial (lymphoepithelial) cyst is presented to illustrate the use of ultrasound, and the aetiology and histogenesis of this controversial lesion is discussed. Ultrasound as a safe, painless, non-invasive technique is recommended as an additional investigation for neck swellings, particularly in view of the high incidence of malignancy claimed to occur in this region. AUEarl PD; Ward-Booth RP EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p292-7 MJBranchioma; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNBranchioma /PA; Head and Neck Neoplasms /PA; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000512 TIOccult multiple myeloma associated with amyloid of the tongue. ABA patient developed painless swellings of the tongue which proved to be due to amyloid. An initial search for multiple myeloma was negative; however, three months later Bence-Jones proteinuria developed and multiple myeloma was diagnosed. AUBabajews A EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p298-303 MJAmyloidosis; Multiple Myeloma; Tongue Diseases MNAged; Multiple Myeloma /DI MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000513 TIA new frame for cranio-maxillary fixation. ABThis paper describes a modified frame for external fixation of fractured maxillae using supra-orbital pins. AUWallace J EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p304-7 MJFacial Bones; Fracture Fixation; Maxillary Fractures; Skull Fractures MNEquipment Design MTHuman RN14875-96-8 (Heme); 7004-03-7 (Valine); 7006-35-1 (Histidine); 9034-51-9 (Hemoglobin A); 9061-29-4 (Carboxyhemoglobin) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000515 TIProton nuclear Overhauser effect investigation of the heme pockets in ligated hemoglobin: conformational differences between oxy and carbonmonoxy forms. ABProton nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) measurements have been used extensively to investigate the detailed conformations of peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids in the solution state. However, much of the published work has dealth with molecules of molecular weight less than 15 000. It is generally thought that specific NOEs cannot be observed in larger molecules (due to spin diffusion), so that NOE is of little use in conformational studies of such systems. By use of truncated-driven NOE with an irradiation time of 100 ms, specific NOEs are observed in a protein of the size of human normal adult hemoglobin (Hb A, 65 000 daltons). This technique has permitted us to assign several proton proton resonances arising from heme groups and from amino acid residues situated in the vicinity of the ligand binding site (such as E7 histidine and E11 valine) of the alpha and beta chains of Hb A. In addition, two-dimensional 1H[1H] J-correlated spectroscopy (COSY) experiments as well as theoretical ring-current calculations have confirmed the spectral assignments obtained by the one-dimensional NOE experiments. These new results not only have permitted us to map the heme pockets and to investigate the conformational differences in the heme pockets between oxy and carbonmonoxy forms of Hb A but also have demonstrated that the technique of truncated-driven NOE can be used to investigate the detailed conformations of selected regions in larger macromolecules in a way heretofore thought not to be feasible. AUDalvit C; Ho C EM8601 IDHL-24525 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3398-407 MJCarboxyhemoglobin; Heme; Hemoglobins; Oxyhemoglobins MNHemoglobin A /ME; Histidine; Ligands; Macromolecular Systems; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Valine MTComparative Study; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7732-18-5 (Water) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000516 TINMR relaxation of protein and water protons in diamagnetic hemoglobin solutions. ABWe have measured T1 and T2 of protein and water protons in hemoglobin solutions using broad-line pulse techniques; selective excitation and detection methods enabled the intrinsic protein and water relaxation rates, as well as the spin-transfer rate between them, to be obtained at 5, 10, and 20 MHz. Water and protein T1 data were also obtained at 100 and 200 MHz for hemoglobin in H2O/D2O mixtures by using commercial Fourier-transform instruments. The T1 data conform to a simple model of two well-mixed spin systems with single intrinsic relaxation times and an average spin-transfer rate, with each phase recovering from a radio-frequency excitation with a biexponential time dependence. At low frequencies, protein T1 and T2 agree reasonably with a model of dipolar relaxation of an array of fixed protons tumbling in solution, explicitly calculating methyl and methylene relaxation and using a continuum approximation for the others. Differing values in H2O and D2O are mainly ascribed to solvent viscosity. For water-proton relaxation, T1, T2, and spin transfer were measured for H2O and HDO, which enabled a separation of inter-and intramolecular contributions to relaxation. Despite such detail, few firm conclusions could be reached about hydration water. But it seems clear that few long-lived hydration sites are needed to explain T1 and T2, and the spin-transfer value mandates fewer than five sites with a lifetime longer than 10(-8) s. AUEisenstadt M EM8601 IDHL 17571 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3407-21 MJHemoglobins MNMagnetics; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Protein Conformation; Solutions; Water MTHuman; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.- (Streptokinase); 0 (fibrinopeptide D); 0 (fibrinopeptide E); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen); 9001-91-6 (Plasminogen) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000518 TIEffects of human fibrinogen and its cleavage products on activation of human plasminogen by streptokinase. ABThe influence of human fibrinogen (Fg) and its terminal plasminolytic digestion products, fragment D and fragment E, on the kinetics of activation of human plasminogen (Pg) by catalytic levels of streptokinase (SK) has been investigated. Both Fg and fragment D enhanced the rates of activation of human Glu1-Pg, Lys77-Pg, and Val442-Pg. Fragment E was refractive in this regard. In the case of Glu1-Pg, the Km for activation by SK, 0.4 microM, was not affected by the presence of Fg or fragment D. The kcat for this same reaction, 0.12 s-1, was elevated to 0.3 s-1 at saturating levels of these effector molecules. On the other hand, the Km for activation of Lys77-Pg, 0.5 microM, was decreased to 0.09 microM, whereas the kcat, 0.33 s-1, was not altered in the presence of saturating concentrations of Fg or fragment D. In the case of Val442-Pg, the Km for this same activation, 2.0 microM, was lowered to 0.4 microM and 0.25 microM in the presence of Fg and fragment D, respectively. The kcat for this process, 1.0 s-1, was unchanged in the presence of these agents. The concentrations of Fg (KFg) and fragment D (KFD) that led to half-maximal stimulation of the activation rates were determined. For Fg with Glu1-Pg, Lys77-Pg, and Val442-Pg, the KFg values were 0.08 microM, 0.14 microM, and 0.17 microM, respectively. The KFD values for these same plasminogens were 0.25 microM, 2.0 microM, and 1.7 microM, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUChibber BA; Morris JP; Castellino FJ EM8601 IDHL-13423 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3429-34 MJFibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Fibrinogen; Plasminogen; Streptokinase MNEnzyme Activation; Kinetics; Mathematics; Models, Biological MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 60-00-4 (EDTA); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen); 9013-56-3 (Factor XIII); 9067-75-8 (Factor XIIIa) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000519 TIClotting of fibrinogen. 1. Scanning calorimetric study of the effect of calcium. ABThe denaturation temperature Td and the enthalpy of thermal denaturation delta Hd of the D nodules of fibrinogen increase 12-13 degrees C and 40%, respectively, when fibrinogen is clotted by thrombin in the presence of 10(-3) M calcium ion. The rate of change of Td and delta Hd is first order in thrombin concentration. In the absence of calcium, little change in Td is observed, but the increase in delta Hd still occurs. The shift in Td as a function of logarithm of calcium concentration is sigmoid, with a half-point at 2.5 X 10(-5) M calcium for human and 6.0 X 10(-5) M calcium for bovine fibrinogens, suggesting that the shift is due to binding of calcium at the high-affinity binding sites of fibrin. The Td of the D nodule of native fibrinogen also increases, but not as much, on addition of calcium. This increase in Td is also sigmoid with log calcium, with a half-point of 1.6 X 10(-3) M calcium for human and 3.2 X 10(-3) M calcium for bovine fibrinogens, and appears to be due to binding of calcium to the low-affinity binding sites of fibrinogen. At calcium concentrations greater than 10(-4) M, traces of factor XIII in the bovine fibrinogen preparation become activated and cause cross-linking of the fibrin gel. But the changes in Td and delta Hd still occur when factor XIIIa is inactivated by iodoacetamide, and the rate of the changes is not altered by addition of large amounts of factor XIIIa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUDonovan JW; Mihalyi E EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3434-43 MJBlood Coagulation; Calcium; Fibrinogen MNCalorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cattle; EDTA /PD; Factor XIII /ME; Kinetics; Protein Denaturation; Thermodynamics; Thrombin /ME MTAnimal; Human RNEC 3.4.21.28 (Ancrod); EC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 60-00-4 (EDTA); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000520 TIClotting of fibrinogen. 2. Calorimetry of the reversal of the effect of calcium on clotting with thrombin and with ancrod. ABWhen clotting is effected by thrombin in the presence of calcium, the endotherm for the D nodules of fibrinogen broadens significantly and then becomes narrow again, while increasing in size. Clotting effected by the snake venom enzyme Ancrod, which releases only the A fibrinopeptides from the E nodule, shows only the broadening of the D endotherm. Accordingly, significant interactions of the D nodules of fibrinogen become possible only when the B fibrinopeptides of the E nodule are released on clotting. When calcium present during clotting is removed from the fibrin clot with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, the endotherm for the D nodules of fibrin shows nearly complete reversal if clotting was effected with Ancrod but appears to be divided into two endotherms if clotting was effected with thrombin. At neutral pH, new endotherms were observed for fibrinogen in the temperature range 105-140 degrees C. AUMihalyi E; Donovan JW EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3443-8 MJAncrod; Blood Coagulation; Calcium; Fibrinogen; Thrombin MNCalorimetry; Cattle; EDTA /PD; Kinetics; Protein Conformation; Thermodynamics MTAnimal; Human RNEC 3.4. (Carboxypeptidases); EC 3.4.17.8 (Carboxypeptidase Transpeptidase); EC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); 0 (penicillin-binding protein); 61-33-6 (Penicillin G) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000521 TIPurification and sequencing of the active site tryptic peptide from penicillin-binding protein 1b of Escherichia coli. ABThis paper reports the sequence of the active site peptide of penicillin-binding protein 1b from Escherichia coli. Purified penicillin-binding protein 1b was labeled with [14C]penicillin G, digested with trypsin, and partially purified by gel filtration. Upon further purification by high-pressure liquid chromatography, two radioactive peaks were observed, and the major peak, representing over 75% of the applied radioactivity, was submitted to amino acid analysis and sequencing. The sequence Ser-Ile-Gly-Ser-Leu-Ala-Lys was obtained. The active site nucleophile was identified by digesting the purified peptide with aminopeptidase M and separating the radioactive products on high-pressure liquid chromatography. Amino acid analysis confirmed that the serine residue in the middle of the sequence was covalently bonded to the [14C]penicilloyl moiety. A comparison of this sequence to active site sequences of other penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases is presented. AUNicholas RA; Suzuki H; Hirota Y; Strominger JL EM8601 IDAI-09152 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3448-53 MJCarboxypeptidase Transpeptidase; Carboxypeptidases; Carrier Proteins; Escherichia Coli; Penicillins MNAmino Acids /AN; Binding Sites; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Membrane /ME; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Penicillin G /ME; Peptide Fragments /IP; Trypsin MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN2315-97-1 (10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium); 62669-70-9 (rhodamine 123); 82-76-8 (1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate); 9006-99-9 (Bence Jones Protein) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000522 TIPressure-induced conformational changes in a human Bence-Jones protein (Mcg). ABThe effect of high static pressures on the internal structure of the immunoglobulin light chain (Bence-Jones) dimer from the patient Mcg was assessed with measurements of intrinsic protein fluorescence polarization and intensity. Depolarization of intrinsic fluorescence was observed at relatively low pressures (less than 2 kbar), with a standard volume change of -93 mL/mol. The significant conformational changes indicated by these observations were not attributable to major protein unfolding, since pressures exceeding 2 kbar were required to alter intrinsic fluorescence emission maxima and yields. Fluorescence intensity and polarization measurements were used to investigate pressure effects on the binding of bis(8-anilino-naphthalene-1-sulfonate) (bis-ANS), rhodamine 123, and bis(N-methylacridinium nitrate) (lucigenin). Below 1.5 kbar the Mcg dimer exhibited a small decrease in affinity for bis-ANS (standard volume change approximately 5.9 mL/mol). At 3 kbar the binding activity increased by greater than 250-fold (volume change -144 mL/mol) and remained 10-fold higher than its starting value after decompression. With rhodamine 123 the binding activity showed an initial linear increase but plateaued at pressures greater than 1.5 kbar (standard volume change -23 mL/mol). These pressure effects were completely reversible. Binding activity with lucigenin increased slightly at low pressures (standard volume change -5.5 mL/mol), but the protein was partially denatured at pressures greater than 2 kbar. Taken in concert with the results of parallel binding studies in crystals of the Mcg dimer, these observations support the concept of a large malleable binding region with broad specificity for aromatic compounds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUHerron JN; Ely KR; Edmundson AB EM8601 IDCA 19616; GMO 8843 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3453-9 MJBence Jones Protein MNAcridines; Amyloidosis /UR; Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; Fluorescent Dyes; Kinetics; Pressure; Protein Conformation; Rhodamines; Spectrometry, Fluorescence MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN113-00-8 (guanidine); 57-13-6 (Urea); 9007-43-6 (Cytochrome C) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000523 TIRefolding a disulfide dimer of cytochrome c. ABA covalent dimer of Saccharomyces cerevisiae iso-1 cytochrome c is stabilized by an interchain disulfide bond involving the cysteine residue penultimate to the C-terminus. The individual chains in the dimer appear to retain the tertiary structural features characteristic for monomeric cytochrome c albeit with some perturbation. The dimer is reversibly denatured by heat, urea, or guanidine hydrochloride in a single cooperative transition whose midpoint is less than that of the monomeric protein. The kinetic profile observed for the refolding of the denatured dimer is characteristic for monomeric cytochromes except for a markedly enhanced slow-phase amplitude. AUBryant C; Strottmann JM; Stellwagen E EM8601 IDGM-22109; HL-14388 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3459-64 MJCytochrome C; Saccharomyces Cerevisiae MNCircular Dichroism; Disulfides /ME; Guanidines /PD; Kinetics; Macromolecular Systems; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Urea /PD MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN11096-37-0 (Transferrin); 74-89-5 (methylamine); 7439-89-6 (Iron) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000524 TIRelease of iron from the two iron-binding sites of transferrin by cultured human cells: modulation by methylamine. ABWe have investigated the effect of increasing concentrations of methylamine (5, 10, and 25 mM) on the removal of iron from the two iron-binding sites of transferrin during endocytosis by human erythroleukemia (K562) cells. The molecular forms of transferrin released from the cells were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 6 M urea. Endocytosis of diferric transferrin was efficient since greater than 10% of surface-bound protein escaped endocytosis and was released in the diferric form. Although transferrin exocytosed from control cells had been depleted of 80% of its iron and contained 65-70% apotransferrin, iron-bearing species were also released (15% C-terminal monoferric; 10% N-terminal; 10% diferric). The ratio of the two monoferric species (C/N) was 1.32 +/- 0.12 (mean +/- SD; n = 4), suggesting that iron in the N-terminal site was more accessible to cells. In the presence of methylamine there was a concentration-dependent increase in the proportion of diferric transferrin release (less than 80% at 25 mM) and a concomitant decrease in apotransferrin. Small amounts of the iron-depleted species, especially apotransferrin, appeared before diferric transferrin, suggesting that these were preferentially released from the cells. The discrepancy between the proportions of the monoferric transferrin species noted with control cells was enhanced at all concentrations of methylamine, most markedly at 10 mM when the C/N ratio was 2.4. The N-terminal site of transferrin loses its iron at a higher pH than the C-terminal site, and so by progressively perturbing the pH of the endocytic vesicle we have increased the difference between the two sites observed with control cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBomford A; Young SP; Williams R EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3472-8 MJIron; Methylamines; Transferrin MNBinding Sites; Cell Line; Endocytosis /DE; Iodine Radioisotopes; Kinetics; Leukemia, Myelocytic; Protein Binding MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); 0 (trypsin-1-chloro-3-(carbobenzyloxyamino) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000525 TI13C NMR study of the ionizations within a trypsin-chloromethyl ketone inhibitor complex. AB13C NMR is used to detect ionizations within a trypsin-chloromethyl ketone inhibitor complex. The pKa values observed are compared with those predicted by free-energy relationships. For the denatured/autolyzed inhibitor complex, a pKa = 5.26 is observed, which is assigned to the ionization of the imidazole of histidine-57. For the intact inhibitor complex a pKa = 7.88 is determined. This pKa is assigned to the ionization of the hemiketal hydroxyl (pKa = 7.88-8.1) and provides the first direct evidence that the serine proteases are able to stabilize the oxyanion of tetrahedral adducts. Indirect evidence is adduced that the imidazole pK1 of histidine-57 is greater than or equal to 8.1. Line-broadening studies suggest that there may be extra fast exchange line broadening, which could result from rapid tautomeric exchange between neutral and zwitterionic species within the inhibitor complex. The significance of these results for the catalytic mechanism of serine proteases is discussed. AUMalthouse JP; Primrose WU; Mackenzie NE; Scott AI EM8601 IDGM32596 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3478-87 MJAmino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; Trypsin Inhibitors; Trypsin MNCattle; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mathematics; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Protein Binding; Thermodynamics MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.7.3.2 (Creatine Kinase); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 7439-96-5 (Manganese); 7440-48-4 (Cobalt) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000526 TIStructure of metal-nucleotide complexes bound to creatine kinase: 31P NMR measurements using Mn(II) and Co(II). ABThe structures of metal-nucleotide complexes bound to rabbit muscle creatine kinase have been studied by making measurements of paramagnetic effects of two dissimilar activating paramagnetic cations, Mn(II) and Co(II), on the spin-relaxation rates of the 31P nuclei of ATP and ADP in these complexes. The experiments were performed on enzyme-bound complexes, thereby limiting the contributions to the observed relaxation rate to two exchanging complexes (with and without the cation). Measurements were made as a function of temperature in the range 5-35 degrees C and at three 31P NMR frequencies, 81, 121.5, and 190.2 MHz, in order to determine the effect of exchange on the observed relaxation rates. The relaxation rates in E X MnADP and E X MnATP are independent of frequency, and their temperature variation yields activation energies (delta E) in the range 5-8 kcal/mol; in the transition-state analogue complex E X MnADP X NO3- X Cre (Cre is creatine), delta E is increased to 17.3 kcal/mol. These results demonstrate that the relaxation rates in the Mn(II) complexes are exchange limited and are incapable of providing structural data. It is shown further that use of line-width measurements to estimate the lifetime of the paramagnetic complex leads to incorrect results. The relaxation rates in E X CoADP and E X CoATP exhibit frequency dependence and delta E values in the range 1-3 kcal/mol; i.e., these rates depend on the Co(II)-31P distances, whereas those in the E X CoADP X NO3- X Cre complex have delta E approximately 18 kcal/mol and are significantly contributed by exchange.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUJarori GK; Ray BD; Nageswara Rao BD EM8601 IDRR01077 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3487-94 MJAdenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Cobalt; Creatine Kinase; Manganese MNMathematics; Models, Biological; Muscles /EN; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Protein Binding; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4. (Carboxypeptidases); 0 (arsanilazocarboxypeptidase A); 55520-40-6 (Tyrosine); 7440-66-6 (Zinc) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000527 TIInteraction of zinc ions with arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A. ABThe interaction between arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A ([(Azo-CPD)Zn]) and excess zinc ions has been studied by stopped-flow and spectrophotometric methods at pH 8.2 and 7.7, I = 0.5 M (NaCl), and 25 degrees C. When excess zinc ions bind to arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A, the characteristic red color, which arises from the intramolecular complex of the arsanilazotyrosine-248 residue with the active site zinc of the enzyme, changes to yellow with the inhibition of peptidase activity of the enzyme. Excess zinc ions have two binding sites for arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A, and the binding constants of the first site (3.9 X 10(5) M-1 at pH 8.2; 7.1 X 10(4) M-1 at pH 7.7) are much larger than those of the second site (1.8 X 10(3) M-1 at pH 8.2; 7 X 10(2) M-1 at pH 7.7). The binding of excess zinc ions to the first site is completely correlated with the inhibition of the enzyme peptidase activity and the color change of the enzyme. The results can be understood in terms of zinc ions reacting with only one of three conformational states of arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A [Harrison, L. W., Auld, D. S., & Vallee, B. L. (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 4356].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUHirose J; Noji M; Kidani Y; Wilkins RG EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3495-502 MJCarboxypeptidases; Zinc MNHydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Protein Binding; Spectrophotometry; Tyrosine RNEC 1.6. (NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases); EC 1.6.1.1 (NADP Transhydrogenase); 0 (5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl); 10028-17-8 (Tritium); 58-61-7 (Adenosine) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000528 TIMitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase: active site modification by 5'-[p-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]adenosine. ABMembrane-bound and purified mitochondrial energy-linked nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (TH) was inhibited by incubation with 5'-[p-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]adenosine (FSBA), which is an analogue of TH substrates and their competitive inhibitors, namely, 5'-, 2'-, or 3'-AMP. NAD(H) and analogues, NADP, 5'-AMP, 5'-ADP, and 2'-AMP/3'-AMP mixed isomers protected TH against inhibition by FSBA, but NADPH accelerated the inhibition rate. In the absence of protective ligands or in the presence of NADP, FSBA appeared to modify the NAD(H) binding site of TH, because, unlike unmodified TH, the enzyme modified by FSBA under these conditions did not bind to an NAD-affinity column (NAD-agarose). However, when the NAD(H) binding site of TH was protected in the presence of 5'-AMP or NAD, then FSBA modification resulted in an inhibited enzyme that did bind to NAD-agarose, suggesting FSBA modification of the NADP(H) binding site or an essential residue outside the active site. [3H]FSBA was covalently bound to TH, and complete inhibition corresponded to the binding of about 0.5 mol of [3H]FSBA/mol of TH. Since purified TH is known to be dimeric in the isolated state, this binding stoichiometry suggests half-of-the-sites reactivity. A similar binding stoichiometry was found earlier for complete inhibition of TH by [14C]DCCD [Phelps, D.C., & Hatefi, Y. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 4475-4480]. The active site directed labeling of TH by radioactive FSBA should allow isolation of appropriate peptides for sequence analysis of the NAD(H) and possibly the NADP(H) binding domains. AUPhelps DC; Hatefi Y EM8601 IDGM-24887; AM08126 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3503-7 MJAdenosine; Affinity Labels; Mitochondria, Heart; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; NADP Transhydrogenase MNAdenosine /PD; Binding Sites; Cattle; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Substrate Specificity; Tritium MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.3.1.43 (Lecithin Acyltransferase); 0 (apolipoprotein A-I); 50-00-0 (Formaldehyde); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 616-02-4 (citraconic anhydride); 674-82-8 (diketene) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000529 TIEffects of amino group modification in discoidal apolipoprotein A-I-egg phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol complexes on their reactions with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. ABDiscoidal complexes of human apolipoprotein A-I-egg phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol were prepared by the sodium cholate dialysis procedure and were reacted to varying extents with the amino group reagents citraconic anhydride, diketene, and formaldehyde in the presence of sodium borohydride. Modification of positive lysine residues with negative or neutral groups (citraconic anhydride and diketene, respectively) resulted, for extensively reacted complexes (90%), in structural alterations and in a marked decrease in reactivity with purified human lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. The structural and kinetic effects were partially reversible by removal of the modifying groups or by increased ionic strength. Similar extents of modification (84%) with retention of positive charge and introduction of two methyl groups (reductive methylation) had no effect on the structure or the reactivity of the complexes. These results, together with kinetic data at variable complex concentrations or at variable temperatures, indicate that specific lysine residues of apolipoprotein A-I are not involved in the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activation process; instead, charge interactions and structural changes are responsible for the observed decrease in activating capacity. In terms of kinetic parameters, intrinsic K*m values and probably enzyme-substrate particle dissociation constants are affected, but the activation energies remain the same upon chemical modification. AUJonas A; Covinsky KE; Sweeny SA EM8601 IDHL-16059; HL-29939 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3508-13 MJApolipoproteins A; Cholesterol; Citraconic Anhydrides; Formaldehyde; Furans; Lactones; Lecithin Acyltransferase; Lipoproteins, HDL; Phosphatidylcholines MNBorohydrides /PD; Carbon Radioisotopes; Egg Yolk; Kinetics; Protein Binding MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.3. (Acyltransferases); EC 2.3.1.- (palmitoyl CoA glycoprotein acyltransferase); 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000530 TIEffect of ethanol on mucus glycoprotein fatty acyltransferase from gastric mucosa. ABThe enzyme activity that catalyzes the transfer of palmitic acid from palmitoyl coenzyme A to the deacylated intact or deglycosylated gastric mucus glycoprotein was demonstrated in the detergent extracts of the microsomal fraction of antral and body mucosa of the rat stomach. Both types of mucosa exhibited similar acyltransferase activities and acceptor specificities. A 10-14% decrease in the fatty acyltransferase activity was observed with the reduced and S-carboxymethylated mucus glycoprotein, but the proteolytically degraded glycoprotein showed no acceptor capacity. This indicated that the acylation of mucus glycoprotein with fatty acids occurs at its nonglycosylated polypeptide regions and that some of the fatty acids may be linked via thiol esters. Optimum enzyme activity was obtained at pH 7.4 with the detergent Triton X-100, NaF, and dithiothreitol. The apparent Km values for the intact and deglycosylated mucus glycoproteins were 0.45 and 0.89 microM, respectively. The acyltransferase activity of the microsomal enzyme was inhibited by ethanol. With both intact and deglycosylated glycoprotein substrates, the rate of inhibition was proportional to the ethanol concentration up to 0.4 M and was of the competitive type. The K1 values were 0.80 microM for the intact mucus glycoprotein and 1.82 microM for the deglycosylated glycoprotein. Preincubation of the microsomal enzyme with low concentrations of ethanol (up to 0.5 M) did not seem to exert any additional deterrent effect on acyltransferase activity. Higher concentrations of ethanol (1.0 M and above), however, caused substantial reduction in the transferase activity due to denaturation of the enzyme. AUSlomiany BL; Liau YH; Piasek A; Slomiany A EM8601 IDAA-05858-02; AM-21684-07 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3514-21 MJAcyltransferases; Alcohol, Ethyl; Gastric Mucosa MNAmino Acids /AN; Carbohydrates /AN; Glycopeptides /IP; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunoelectrophoresis; Kinetics; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 6.2.1. (Coenzyme A Synthetases); EC 6.2.1.- (palmityl CoA synthetase); EC 6.2.1.3 (acyl-CoA synthetase); 0 (fatty acid-binding proteins); 57-10-3 (palmitic acid); 57-11-4 (stearic acid) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000531 TIFatty acids bound to unilamellar lipid vesicles as substrates for microsomal acyl-CoA ligase. ABPalmitate incorporated into single-layered vesicles of phosphatidylcholine was used as a substrate for palmitoyl coenzyme A ligase (palmitoyl-CoA ligase) in microsomes from rat liver. This was done in order to avoid the use of detergents for dispersal of the water-insoluble palmitate and the possibility of precipitating palmitate added to the aqueous assay as a salt suspension. The activity of the ligase measured when palmitate was added to assays as a component of phospholipid vesicles was 10-40-fold greater vs. activities reported in the literature using other methods for adding fatty acids to the assay system. Phospholipids, however, had no direct effect on the activity of palmitoyl-CoA ligase. The data indicate, therefore, that the activity of this enzyme has been underestimated because of the manner in which fatty acid was added to the assay, which has a significant effect on the activity of the ligase. It is shown too that the rate of spontaneous transfer of palmitate from unilamellar vesicles of phosphatidylcholine to microsomes via a hydrated intermediate is far more rapid than the inherent catalytic activity of the fatty acyl-CoA ligase. The data also suggest that the membrane-associated pool of fatty acid and not fatty acid in the aqueous phase of the assay is the pool of substrate interacting with the ligase. AUNoy N; Zakim D EM8601 IDGM33142 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3521-5 MJCoenzyme A Synthetases; Microsomes, Liver MNCarbon Radioisotopes; Carrier Proteins /ME; Intestinal Mucosa /ME; Kinetics; Liver /ME; Palmitic Acids /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serum Albumin /ME; Stearic Acids /ME; Substrate Specificity MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.6.1. (Pyrophosphatases); EC 3.6.1.1 (inorganic pyrophosphatase) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000532 TIKinetic model for the action of the inorganic pyrophosphatase from Streptococcus faecalis. ABKinetic studies of the less active form of Streptococcus faecalis inorganic pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.1), together with computational analysis, indicated that cooperativity in ligand binding contributes in a significant way to the behavior of this enzyme. The simplest model applicable to our data was a Monod-Wyman-Changeux-type, allosteric model, in which the enzyme is proposed to exist in two states, referred to as R and T states, respectively. In the absence of ligands, 94% of the enzyme was in the T state. MgPPi2- was the only substrate for the enzyme in the R form. This substrate was bound equally well by both enzyme forms, but it was hydrolyzed 5 times more efficiently by the R form than it was by the T form. Mg2PPi was bound exclusively to the T state of the enzyme, and it was hydrolyzed 25% as rapidly as MgPPi2- by the T form. Mg2PPi inhibited the hydrolysis of the more efficient substrate, MgPPi2-, by competing with MgPPi2- for the enzyme in the T form and by shifting the R----T equilibrium in favor of the T form. Mg2+ stabilized the R state, thus activating the hydrolysis of MgPPi2- and inhibiting that of Mg2PPi. AULahti R; Jokinen M EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3526-30 MJModels, Biological; Pyrophosphatases; Streptococcus Faecalis MNKinetics; Macromolecular Systems; Mathematics; Protein Binding RNEC 3.2.1.- (Glucosidases); EC 3.2.1.21 (Beta-Glucosidases) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000533 TIReversible inhibitors of beta-glucosidase. ABA variety of reversible inhibitors of sweet almond beta-glucosidase were examined. These included simple sugars and sugar derivatives, amines and phenols. With respect to the sugar inhibitors and, indeed, the various glycoside substrates, the enzyme has what can be considered a ╥relaxed specificity╙. No single substituent on glucose, for example, is essential for binding. Replacement of a hydroxyl group with an anionic substituent reduces the affinity while substitution with a cationic (amine) substituent enhances the affinity. Amines, in general, are good inhibitors, binding more tightly than the corresponding alcohols: pKiRNH3+ = 0.645pKiROH + 1.77 (n = 9, r = 0.97). The affinity of a series of 10 primary amines was found to be strongly influenced by substituent hydrophobicity: pKi = 0.52 pi + 1.32 (r = 0.95). The major binding determinant of the glycoside substrates is the aglycon moiety. Thus, the Ki values of phenols are similar in magnitude to the Ks values of the corresponding aryl beta-glucoside. The pH dependence for the inhibition by various phenols indicates that it is the un-ionized phenol which binds to the enzyme when an enzymic group of pKa = 6.8 (+/- 0.1) is protonated. The affinity of the phenol inhibitor is dependent on its basicity with a Bronsted coefficient for binding of beta = -0.26 (n = 14, r = 0.98). The pH dependence of the binding of two particularly potent beta-glucosidase inhibitors was also examined. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-glucitol) has a pH-corrected Ki = 6.5 microM, and D-glucono-1,5-lactam has a pH-corrected Ki = 29 microM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUDale MP; Ensley HE; Kern K; Sastry KA; Byers LD EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3530-9 MJBeta-Glucosidases; Glucosidases; Seeds MNGlycosides /PD; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Protein Binding; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity MTComparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1. (Oxidoreductases); EC 1.5.1.15 (Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase); EC 3.5.4. (Aminohydrolases); EC 6. (Ligases); EC 6.3.4.3 (Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase); 128-53-0 (Ethylmaleimide); 1609-47-8 (Diethyl Pyrocarbonate); 73699-18-0 (formyl-methenyl-methylenetetrahydrofolate synthetase) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000534 TIEvidence for overlapping active sites in a multifunctional enzyme: immunochemical and chemical modification studies on C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ABThe relationship of the active sites which catalyze the three reactions in the trifunctional enzyme C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase (C1-THF synthase) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been examined with immunochemical and chemical modification techniques. Immunotitration of the enzyme with a polyclonal antiserum resulted in identical inhibition curves for the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities which were distinctly different from the inhibition curve for the synthetase activity. During chemical modification with diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), the three activities were inactivated at significantly different rates, indicating that at least three distinct essential residues are involved in the reaction with DEPC. The pH dependence of the reaction with DEPC was consistent with the modification of histidyl residues. Treatment of C1-THF synthase with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) resulted in significant inactivation of only the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities, with the cyclohydrolase at least an order of magnitude more sensitive than the dehydrogenase. Inactivation of cyclohydrolase was biphasic at NEM concentrations above 0.1 mM, suggesting two essential cysteinyl residues were being modified. NADP+, a dehydrogenase substrate, protected both dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities, but not synthetase activity, against inactivation by either reagent. Synthetase substrates had no protective ability. Pteroylpolyglutamates and p-aminobenzoic acid polyglutamates exhibited some protection of all three activities. The p-aminobenzoic acid polyglutamate series showed progressive protection with increasing chain length. These results are consistent with an overlapping site for the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase reactions, independent from the synthetase active site. Possible active-site configurations and the role of the polyglutamate tail in substrate binding are discussed. AUAppling DR; Rabinowitz JC EM8601 IDAM2109-26; GM08889 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3540-7 MJAminohydrolases /ME; Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase /ME; Ligases; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase /ME; Multienzyme Complexes /ME; Oxidoreductases; Saccharomyces Cerevisiae MNAminohydrolases /AI; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Binding Sites; Diethyl Pyrocarbonate /PD; Ethylmaleimide /PD; Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase /AI; Immune Sera; Kinetics; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase /AI; Multienzyme Complexes /AI; Substrate Specificity MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); EC 4.2.1.20 (Tryptophan Synthase) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000535 TICharacterization of an early intermediate in the folding of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase by hydrogen exchange measurement. ABThe development of the hydrogen bonding network in the early stages of the folding of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase was monitored with a hydrogen exchange technique. The orders of magnitude difference between the rapid conversions of the unfolded forms to two stable intermediates (milliseconds) and the subsequent slow conversions of the intermediates to the native form (greater than 100 s) was used to selectively label with tritium the hydrogen bonds that form in the first 30 s of folding at 0 degree C. Rapid removal of the tritiated solvent by gel filtration ensured that hydrogen bonds formed in subsequent folding reactions would be unlabeled. Limited proteolysis and separation of peptides by high-pressure liquid chromatography permitted the determination of the amount of label retained in individual peptides by scintillation counting. Peptides 1-70 and 71-188, which when covalently linked comprise the stable amino domain in the native conformation, retain 91% and 93%, respectively, of the label retained when the protein is allowed to completely refold in tritiated solvent. Peptide 189-268, the marginally stable carboxyl domain, only retains 43% of the label. The striking difference in retention of label confirms the independent folding of these two domains and shows that the kinetic intermediates that appear in the folding of alpha subunit correspond to structural domains in the native conformation. The near-equality of the labeling of the two peptides comprising the amino domain shows that this domain folds as a single entity and that subdomain folding is unlikely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBeasty AM; Matthews CR EM8601 IDGM 23303; K04 AG00153 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3547-53 MJTryptophan Synthase MNAmino Acids /AN; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Escherichia Coli /EN; Hydrogen Bonding; Kinetics; Macromolecular Systems; Peptide Fragments /AN; Protein Conformation; Trypsin MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000536 TIPurification, sequence, and pharmacological properties of sea anemone toxins from Radianthus paumotensis. A new class of sea anemone toxins acting on the sodium channel. ABFour new toxins have been isolated from the sea anemone Radianthus paumotensis: RpI, RpII, RpIII, and RpIV. They are polypeptides comprised of 48 or 49 amino acids; the sequence of RpII has been determined. Toxicities of these toxins in mice and crabs are similar to those of the other known sea anemone toxins, but they fall into a different immunochemically defined class. The sequence of RpII shows close similarities with the N-terminal end (up to residue 20) of the previously sequenced long sea anemone toxins, but most of the remaining part of the molecule is completely different. Like the other sea anemone toxins, Radianthus toxins are active on sodium channels; they slow down the inactivation process. Through their Na+ channel action, Radianthus toxins stimulate Na+ influx into tetrodotoxin-sensitive neuroblastoma cells and tetrodotoxin-resistant rat skeletal myoblasts. The efficiency of the toxins is similar in the two cellular systems. In that respect, Radianthus toxins behave much more like scorpion neurotoxins than sea anemone toxins from Anemonia sulcata or Anthopleura xanthogrammica. In binding experiments to synaptosomal Na+ channels, Radianthus toxins compete with toxin II from the scorpion Androctonus australis but not with toxins II and V from Anemonia sulcata. AUSchweitz H; Bidard JN; Frelin C; Pauron D; Vijverberg HP; Mahasneh DM; Lazdunski M; Vilbois F; Tsugita A EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3554-61 MJCoelenterata; Coelenterate Venoms; Ion Channels /ME; Sea Anemones; Sodium MNAmino Acid Sequence; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Coelenterate Venoms /PD; Ion Channels /DE; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials /DE; Mice; Muscles /PH; Neuroblastoma; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.18.1.2 (Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase); EC 1.6. (NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases); 1404-15-5 (Nogalamycin); 20830-81-3 (Daunorubicin); 57576-44-0 (aclacinomycin A); 7439-96-5 (Manganese) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000537 TIAnthracycline antibiotic reduction by spinach ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase and ferredoxin. ABSpinach NADPH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.7.1) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the anthracyclines daunomycin, aclacinomycin A, and nogalamycin and their respective 7-deoxyanthracyclinones. Under anaerobic conditions, the endogenous rate of O2 reduction by NADPH catalyzed by ferredoxin reductase (0.12 s-1 at pH 7.4) is augmented by the anthracyclines and 7-deoxyanthracyclinones. The catalytic constants are approximately equivalent for this augmentation for all substrates (approximate V of 2 s-1 and KM of 75 microM). Both O2- and H2O2 are made. Under anaerobic conditions, anthracycline reduction catalyzed by ferredoxin reductase results in the elimination of the C-7 substituent to provide a quinone methide intermediate. Following tautomerization by C-7 protonation, 7-deoxyanthracyclinones are obtained. Under appropriate conditions these may be further reduced to the 7-deoxyanthracyclinone hydroquinones. For daunomycin, the quinone methide is formed rapidly after reduction and is easily monitored at 600 nm. It may react with electrophiles other than H+, as demonstrated by its competitive trapping by p-carboxybenzaldehyde. It may also react with nucleophiles, as demonstrated by its competitive trapping by N-acetylcysteine. For aclacinomycin, quinone methide formation is also rapid although no distinct transient near 600 nm occurs. In addition to protonation, it reacts with itself providing the 7,7'-dimer. With ethyl xanthate as a thiolate nucleophile, adducts derived from addition to C-7 are obtained. For nogalamycin, quinone methide formation is not rapid. Nogalamycin is reduced to its hydroquinone, which slowly converts in a first-order process [k = (1.2 +/- 0.2) X 10(-3) s-1, pH 8.0, 30 degrees C] to the quinone methide, which is then quenched by protonation. Spinach ferredoxin in its reduced form is chemically competent for anthracycline reduction. Its effect on both the aerobic and anaerobic reactions catalyzed by ferredoxin reductase is to increase severalfold the overall velocity for anthracycline reduction. In conclusion, the aerobic reaction pathways for the anthracyclines as mediated by ferredoxin reductase are remarkably similar, while the anaerobic reactions are remarkably different. If these anthracyclines exert their antitumor activity by a common anaerobic pathway, it is most likely that the pathway is determined by the properties of the anthracycline as complexed to its in vivo target. The behavior of ferredoxin further suggests that not only low-potential flavin centers but also iron-sulfur centers should be regarded as important loci for anthracycline reductive activation. AUFisher J; Abdella BR; McLane KE EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3562-71 MJAntibiotics; Daunorubicin; Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase; Ferredoxins; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Nogalamycin; Plants MNManganese /PD; Naphthacenes /ME; Stereoisomers; Structure-Activity Relationship MTComparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000538 TISpin-label studies on the origin of the specificity of lipid-protein interactions in Na+,K+-ATPase membranes from Squalus acanthias. ABThe pH dependence and salt dependence of the lipid-protein interactions of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and stearic acid with Na+,K+-ATPase membranes from Squalus acanthias have been studied with spin-label electron spin resonance spectroscopy, using lipids with nitroxide labels on the 14-position C atom of the sn-2 chain. For phosphatidic acid and stearic acid, the fraction of motionally restricted spin-label increases with increasing pH, with pKa's of 6.6 and 8.0, respectively. In contrast, the pKa of stearic acid in the bulk lipid environment of the membrane is estimated from spin-label spectroscopy to be approximately equal to 6.6. The fraction of motionally restricted phosphatidylserine spin-label remains constant over the pH range 4.7-9.2. In the fully dissociated state the fractions of motionally restricted spin-labeled phosphatidic and stearic acids decrease with increasing salt concentration, reaching an approximately constant value at [NaCl] = 0.5-1.0 M. For stearic acid the net decrease is comparable to that obtained on protonation, but for phosphatidic acid the decrease is considerably smaller (by approximately 55%) than that obtained on protonating the lipid. The fraction of motionally restricted phosphatidylserine spin-label varies relatively little with salt concentration up to 1 M NaCl. Direct electrostatic effects alone cannot account for the whole of the observed specificity of interaction of the two phospholipids with Na+,K+-ATPase membranes. AUEsmann M; Marsh D EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3572-8 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium; Phospholipids MNCell Membrane /EN; Dogfish; Electron Spin Resonance /MT; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mathematics; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Binding; Rectum; Salt Gland /EN MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN3713-31-3 (Fucose) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000539 TIBlood group A determinants with mono- and difucosyl type 1 chain in human erythrocyte membranes. ABApplication of a monoclonal antibody defining monofucosyl type 1 chain A (AH21) revealed the presence of a glycolipid having the same thin-layer chromatography mobility as Aa but showing a clear reactivity with AH21. This glycolipid was detectable in Lea-b- erythrocytes but not in Lea+b- or Lea-b+ erythrocytes. Another monoclonal antibody defining difucosyl type 1 chain A (HH3) detected the presence of a glycolipid component reacting with this antibody in Lea-b+ erythrocytes but not in Lea+b- or Lea-b- erythrocytes. The component defined by monoclonal antibody AH21 and that defined by HH3 were isolated and characterized by 1H NMR spectrometry and methylation analysis as having the structures (Formula: see text) The 1H NMR spectra of these glycolipid antigens were characterized by resonances for anomeric protons that are identical with those of glycolipids with type 1 chain previously isolated but distinctively different from those of type 2 chain analogues. Resonances reflecting ceramide composition are characteristic for these antigens from human erythrocytes and are distinguishable from those of the same antigen from other sources. AUClausen H; Levery SB; McKibbin JM; Hakomori S EM8601 IDCA19224; GM23100; CA29495 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3578-86 MJABO Blood-Group System; Erythrocyte Membrane MNAntibodies, Monoclonal; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbohydrate Sequence; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Fucose /AN; Glycolipids /IP; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase); EC 3.4.22.2 (Papain) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000540 TIA small hydrophobic domain that localizes human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase in liposomal membranes is cleaved by papain digestion. ABA small hydrophobic domain in isolated human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase is responsible for the interaction of this enzyme with detergent micelles and the aggregation of the enzyme on removal of detergent. Papain has been shown to cleave this hydrophobic domain and to generate a fully active hydrophilic enzyme that shows no tendency to interact with detergents or to aggregate [Dutta-Choudhury, T.A., & Rosenberry, T.L. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 5653-5660]. We report here that the intact enzyme could be reconstituted into phospholipid liposomes while the papain-disaggregated enzyme showed no capacity for reconstitution. More than 80% of the enzyme reconstituted into small liposomes could be released by papain digestion as the hydrophilic form. Papain was less effective in releasing the enzyme from large liposomes that were probably multilamellar. In a novel application of affinity chromatography on acridinium resin, enzyme reconstituted into small liposomes in the presence of excess phospholipid was purified to a level of 1 enzyme molecule per 4000 phospholipid molecules, a ratio expected if each enzyme molecule was associated with a small, unilamellar liposome. Subunits in the hydrophilic enzyme form released from reconstituted liposomes by papain digestion showed a mass decrease of about 2 kilodaltons relative to the intact subunits according to acrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, a difference similar to that observed previously following papain digestion of the soluble enzyme aggregates. The data were consistent with the hypothesis that the same hydrophobic domain in the enzyme is responsible for the interaction of the enzyme with detergent micelles, the aggregation of the enzyme in the absence of detergent, and the incorporation of the enzyme into reconstituted phospholipid membranes. AUKim BH; Rosenberry TL EM8601 IDNS-16577 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3586-92 MJAcetylcholinesterase; Erythrocytes; Liposomes; Papain MNEgg Yolk; Kinetics; Macromolecular Systems; Peptide Fragments /AN MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.2.1.18 (Neuraminidase); 303-43-5 (cholesteryl oleate) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000541 TIParameters affecting low-pH-mediated fusion of liposomes with the plasma membrane of cells infected with influenza virus. ABUnilamellar liposomes can be fused at low pH with the plasma membrane of cells that express the hemagglutinin glycoprotein of influenza virus on their surface [van Meer, G., & Simons, K. (1983) J. Cell Biol. 97, 1365-1374]. Here, we have resolved this fusion process into two kinetically distinct steps. The first and more rapid step converts the bound liposome to a form that can no longer be released by neuraminidase. The second step is the actual membrane fusion as measured by the loss of resonance energy transfer between two liposomal fluorescent phospholipids, N-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)dioleoylphosphatidylethanolami ne (N-NBD-PE) and N-(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl)dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (N-Rh-PE). In contrast to the first step, the rate of the second one was highly dependent on the liposomal lipid composition and the cell type used. The replacement of 50% of the phosphatidylcholine (PC) in egg PC-cholesterol liposomes by unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) species increased the rate of fusion at least 2-fold. Of the PE-containing liposomes that were associated with Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells after 30 s of fusion, 80% had actually fused with the plasma membrane. Fringe pattern fluorescence photobleaching experiments showed that after fusion a fraction of the cell-associated N-Rh-PE diffused laterally in the plasma membrane. Without fusion, the N-Rh-PE was completely immobile. Under optimal conditions, the mobile fractions were 65% on MDCK cells and 78% on baby hamster kidney cells. The mobility was acquired simultaneously with the dilution of the fluorescent phospholipids as measured from the loss of resonance energy transfer. The mobile fraction of N-Rh-PE on the cell surface can therefore be used as a second independent measure of actual membrane fusion. Finally, we observed that upon fusion up to 80% of the nonexchangeable liposome markers cholesterol [14C]oleate and glycerol tri[14C]oleate became accessible to cellular hydrolases. The results showed that this hydrolysis assay can also be used to monitor the second step of the fusion process. AUvan Meer G; Davoust J; Simons K EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3593-602 MJCell Membrane; Liposomes; Orthomyxovirus Type A, Avian MNCell Line; Cell Transformation, Viral; Cholesterol Esters /ME; Dogs; Energy Transfer; Hamsters; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney; Kinetics; Neuraminidase; Spectrometry, Fluorescence MTAnimal RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 29855-95-6 (poly(dC-dG); 71-30-7 (Cytosine); 73-40-5 (Guanine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000542 TI╥Asymmetric╙ opening reaction mechanism of Z-DNA base pairs: a hydrogen exchange study. ABWith the tritium-Sephadex method, the hydrogen-exchange kinetics of the five NH protons of guanine and cytosine residues in Z-form poly(dG-dC) X poly (dG-dC) were measured as a function of temperature and catalyst concentration. Over the measured temperature range from 0 to 34 degrees C, two classes of protons with constant amplitudes are found. The three protons of the fast class, which were assigned to the guanine amino and imino protons, have an exchange half-time in the minute time range (at 20 degrees C the half-time is 2.5 min) and an activation energy of 18 kcal mol-1. Since these two types of protons exchange at the same rate in spite of their grossly different pK values, the exchange of these protons must be limited by the same nucleic acid conformational change. The two cytosine amino protons of the slow class are especially slow with exchange half-times in the hour time range (at 20 degrees C the exchange half-time is 1 h) and the activation energy is 20 kcal mol-1. The exchange of these two protons is not limited by some nucleic acid conformational change as shown by the marked exchange acceleration of these protons upon addition of 0.2 M imidazole. In addition, we have also reexamined the hydrogen-deuterium exchange kinetics of the amino protons of guanosine cyclic 2',3'-monophosphate by a spectral difference method using a stopped-flow spectrophotometer. The measured kinetic process is monophasic with a rate constant of 3 s-1 at 20 degrees C, which is in the same range as the predicted rate constant of the guanine amino protons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AURamstein J; Vogt N; Leng M EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3603-9 MJBase Composition; DNA; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Polydeoxyribonucleotides MNCytosine; Guanine; Kinetics; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Tritium MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.7.- (DNA Polymerase I); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7439-96-5 (Manganese); 7439-97-6 (Mercury) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000543 TIInteraction of DNA polymerase I of Escherichia coli with nucleotides. Antagonistic effects of single-stranded polynucleotide homopolymers. ABBinding of deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates to DNA polymerase I of Escherichia coli was measured by using a microscale nonequilibrium dialysis method. It allowed rapid and economic measurement of dissociation constants, with negligible interfering side reactions. A stoichiometry of 1 mol of nucleoside 5'-triphosphate/mol of DNA polymerase was measured, and the occurrence of a single binding site was established, for which the nucleotides competed in the binary complex with the polymerase. Binding affinities decreased in the order dGTP greater than or equal to dATP greater than dCTP congruent to dTTP. These results are in agreement with previous findings [Englund, P. T., Huberman, J. A., Jovin, T. M., & Kornberg, A. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 3038-3044] except that, in a few cases, values of dissociation constants were smaller by factors of 2-3. The cations Mg2+ and Mn2+, as well as spermine, slightly enhanced complex stability at low levels and decreased it at high concentrations, while NaCl and Hg2+ had only destabilizing effects. Recognition between nucleoside 5'-triphosphates and nucleotide templates was studied by titration of the polymerase-[3H]dGTP complex with polynucleotide homopolymers. Complementary poly(dC) did not affect binding of dGTP, and non-complementary templates caused rejection of the nucleotide. Rejection of dGTP followed a saturation dependence with an equivalence of 110 +/- 10 monomer units of polynucleotides bound per molecule of DNA polymerase. The results favor a model by which recognition arises chiefly from the stereogeometrical fit of complementary template and nucleoside 5'-triphosphate into a rigid binding site. AUMuise O; Holler E EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3618-22 MJDNA Polymerase I /ME; Deoxyribonucleotides; Escherichia Coli MNDNA Polymerase I /AI; Kinetics; Magnesium /PD; Manganese /PD; Mercury /PD; Polydeoxyribonucleotides /PD; Protein Binding; Structure-Activity Relationship MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (iron bleomycin); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 83-86-3 (Phytic Acid); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000544 TIStimulation of iron(II) bleomycin activity by phosphate-containing compounds. ABOrthophosphate and phosphate derivatives including pyrophosphate, hexametaphosphate, ATP, ADP, and inositol hexaphosphate enhance the extent of DNA degradation by iron(II) bleomycin. These phosphate-containing compounds increase both the release of free nucleic base and that of base propenals which are DNA cleavage products, probably by enhancing the efficiency with which Fe(II) is recruited into the drug. Phosphate action occurs during drug activation prior to the attack on DNA. In addition, phosphates affect the stability of the activated drug complex, overcome the inhibition observed with high concentrations of DNA, and reduce the size of the DNA fragment necessary for reacting with the drug. Phosphate derivatives bind to iron(II) bleomycin and alter its optical spectrum. An analysis of titration data for pyrophosphate and inositol hexaphosphate indicates that each phosphate compound binds to more than one iron(II) bleomycin molecule. With ATP, ADP, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, only a single phosphate-containing compound binds to the ferrous drug complex. The affinity for ATP is sufficiently high as to suggest that the ternary complex formed in vitro may exist physiologically. AUBurger RM; Horwitz SB; Peisach J EM8601 IDCA-15714; HL-13399 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3623-9 MJAdenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Bleomycins; DNA; Phosphates; Phytic Acid MNCattle; DNA, Bacterial /ME; Kinetics; Plasmids; Staphylococcus aureus /GE; Thymus Gland MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000545 TISynthesis of d(GC) and d(CG) octamers containing alternating phosphorothioate linkages: effect of the phosphorothioate group on the B-Z transition. ABThe synthesis of four oligonucleotides containing alternating phosphorothioate groups, (Rp)-and (Sp)-d[G(p(S)CpG)3p(S)C] and (Rp)- and (Sp)-d[C(p(S)GpC)p(S)G], by the phosphite approach is described. Silica gel to which 2'(3')-O-acetyluridine and 5'-succinyl groups were bound served as support for oligomer synthesis. The syntheses were carried out by dimer addition with presynthesized diastereomerically pure dinucleoside phosphorothioates as building blocks. The products were characterized by 31P NMR, nuclease P1 digestion, and oxidation to the corresponding all-phosphate-containing oligomers. The ability of each oligomer to adopt the Z conformation under high-salt conditions was screened for by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Both (Rp)-d[G(p(S)CpG)3p(S)C] and (Sp)-d[C(p(S)GpC)3p(S)G] are capable of forming Z-type structures at high NaCl concentrations. In the case of (Rp)-d[G(p(S)CpG)3p(S)C] where a phosphorothioate of the Rp configuration occurs 5' to a deoxycytidine residue, the B----Z transition is potentiated in comparison to the unmodified oligomer. (Sp)-d[G(p(S)CpG)3p(S)C] and (Rp)-d[C(p(S)GpC)3p(S)G] retain the B conformation even at high NaCl concentration. AUCosstick R; Eckstein F EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3630-8 MJNucleic Acid Conformation; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Thionucleotides MNChemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Circular Dichroism; Indicators and Reagents; Kinetics; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Structure-Activity Relationship MTComparative Study RN14875-96-8 (Heme); 9035-37-4 (Cytochrome b); 9044-61-5 (cytochrome b559) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000546 TIAxial ligands of chloroplast cytochrome b-559: identification and requirement for a heme-cross-linked polypeptide structure. ABOptical, resonance Raman, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies have been used to characterize the ligands and spin state of the chloroplast cytochrome b-559. The protein was isolated from both maize and spinach in a low-potential form. The spectroscopic data indicate that the heme iron in both ferric and ferrous cytochrome b-559 is in its low-spin state and ligated in its fifth and sixth coordination positions by histidine nitrogens. Electron paramagnetic resonance data for the purified spinach cytochrome are in good agreement with those determined by Bergstrom and Vanngard [Bergstrom, J., & Vanngard, T. (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 682, 452-456] for a low-potential membrane-bound form of cytochrome b-559. The g values of high-potential cytochrome b-559 are shifted from those of its low-potential forms; this shift is interpreted as arising from a deviation of the planes of the two axial histidine imidazole rings from a parallel orientation. The model is consistent with the physical data and may also account for the facility with which cytochrome b-559 can be converted between low- and high-potential forms. Recent biochemical and molecular biological data [Widger, W. R., Cramer, W. A., Hermodson, M., Meyer, D., & Gullifor, M. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 3870-3876; Herrmann, R. G., Alt, J., Schiller, D., Cramer, W. A., & Widger, W. R. (1984) FEBS Lett. 179, 239-244] have shown that two polypeptides, one with 83 residues and a second with 39 residues, most likely constitute the protein of the cytochrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBabcock GT; Widger WR; Cramer WA; Oertling WA; Metz JG EM8601 IDGM 25480 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3638-45 MJChloroplasts; Cytochrome b; Plants MNBinding Sites; Electron Spin Resonance; Heme /ME; Macromolecular Systems; Protein Binding; Spectrophotometry; Spectrum Analysis, Raman MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.7.7. (Nucleotidyltransferases); EC 2.7.7.- (Adenine Nucleotide Translocase); 10028-17-8 (Tritium); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 61-19-8 (Adenosine Monophosphate); 72947-52-5 ((5-(dimethylamino-1-naphthoyl); 72947-53-6 ((5-(dimethylamino); 72947-54-7 (5-(dimethylamino-1-naphthoyl); 9002-93-1 (Octoxynol) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000547 TIInteraction of fluorescent 3'-[1,5-(dimethylamino)naphthoyl]adenine nucleotides with the solubilized ADP/ATP carrier. ABThe binding of the 3'-[1,5-(dimethylamino)naphthoyl] (DAN) derivatives of AMP, ADP, and ATP to the solubilized ADP/ATP carrier is studied, evaluating primarily the fluorescence enhancement and 3H-labeled compound binding. DAN nucleotides also fluoresce when adsorbed to Triton X-100 micelles that are used for solubilization of the carrier. The partition of DAN-AMP between water and Triton X-100 micelles is measured, and it is shown to be shifted toward a higher content in Triton micelles with increasing salt concentration. In order to maintain a low level of fluorescence, the Triton content is decreased. The fraction of DAN nucleotide fluorescence due to carrier binding is determined by the suppression with bongkrekate (BKA). In contrast to the membrane-bound carrier, the solubilized preparation shows an increase of total BKA-sensitive fluorescence by 30-60% upon addition of ATP or ADP. In the solubilized atractylate-protein complex, the ADP-stimulated fluorescence amounts even to 80%. The suppression of fluorescence by BKA is independent of the presence of ADP or ATP, while that by carboxyatractylate (CAT) depends on ADP or ATP. The quantitation with [3H]BKA and [3H]CAT of these ligand interactions with DAN-AMP fluorescence shows that DAN-AMP fluorescence reflects the ╥m╙-state carrier population and its redistribution under the influence of ADP or ATP. Thus, besides the ╥c╙/╥m╙ distribution, the kinetics of the c to m transition in the solubilized carrier also can be determined. The m share is increased to 80% when SO4, Pi, or pyrophosphate is present during solubilization. The rate of the ADP- or ATP-stimulated transition to the m state is markedly dependent on pH and on the presence of various anions, whereas the extent is little varied. The affinity decreases 4-fold going from DAN-AMP to DAN-ADP and to DAN-ATP (KD = 0.9, 1.6, and 3.2 microM). Comparison with physical binding of [3H]DAN nucleotides shows that the fluorescence yield of bound DAN-AMP is about 1.4 times higher than that of bound DAN-ATP. DAN substitution causes more than a 100-fold affinity increase for AMP and a 50-fold increase for ADP or ATP, probably because of interaction of the DAN group with a hydrophobic niche. A less specific, low-affinity displacement of DAN nucleotides by GDP, ADP, GTP and ATP (Ki = 1-2 mM) probably reflects primarily the ionic interactions at the binding center. AUKlingenberg M; Mayer I; Appel M EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3650-9 MJAdenine Nucleotide Translocase; Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Mitochondria, Heart; Nucleotidyltransferases MNAdenosine Diphosphate /ME; Adenosine Monophosphate /ME; Adenosine Triphosphate /ME; Cattle; Detergents /PD; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Polyethylene Glycols /PD; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tritium MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56-12-2 (GABA); 58-46-8 (Tetrabenazine); 96557-41-4 (N-(3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-11bH-benzo(a) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000548 TIPhotoaffinity labeling of the tetrabenazine binding sites of bovine chromaffin granule membranes. ABAn azido derivative of tetrabenazine, a specific inhibitor of the monoamine carrier of chromaffin granule membranes, has been synthesized. In the dark, this compound, 3H-labeled N-(3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-11bH-benzo [a]quinolizin-2-yl)-4-[(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino]butanamide+ ++ ([3H]TBA), bound reversibly to purified chromaffin granule membranes. Centrifugation through SP-Sephadex columns was used to separate bound and free [3H]TBA. This technique gave low levels of nonspecific binding and allowed recovery of [3H]TBA-membrane complexes. Scatchard analysis of the data indicated one class of sites with an equilibrium dissociation constant KD of 50 nM and a density of sites of 40-50 pmol/mg of protein, consistent with reported densities of reserpine and dihydrotetrabenazine binding sites. Competition experiments showed that TBA and tetrabenazine bound to the same site. Irradiation at 435 nm of [3H]TBA-membrane mixtures induced some irreversible binding of the probe to membranes. After irreversible binding of TBA, the number of dihydrotetrabenazine binding sites was decreased, indicating that the probe was covalently bound to the monoamine carrier. [3H]TBA-membrane complexes isolated by centrifugation through SP-Sephadex columns were irradiated, and their radioactivity was analyzed by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels. A polypeptide with a molecular weight of 70 000 was labeled. This polypeptide was different from dopamine beta-hydroxylase, and it was not adsorbed on concanavalin A-Sepharose. It is proposed that the monoamine carrier of chromaffin granule membrane has an oligomeric structure, involving a 45K subunit [Gabizon, R., Yetinson, T., & Schuldiner, S. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 15145] and a 70K subunit. AUIsambert MF; Henry JP EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3660-7 MJAdrenal Medulla; Affinity Labels; Azides; Chromaffin Granules; Chromaffin System; Intracellular Membranes; Tetrabenazine MNAzides /ME; Binding Sites; Cattle; Cell Fractionation; GABA; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indicators and Reagents; Kinetics; Tetrabenazine /CS MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN23668-11-3 (Pactamycin) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000549 TIPhotoaffinity labeling of the pactamycin binding site on eubacterial ribosomes. ABPactamycin, an inhibitor of the initial steps of protein synthesis, has an acetophenone group in its chemical structure that makes the drug a potentially photoreactive molecule. In addition, the presence of a phenolic residue makes it easily susceptible to radioactive labeling. Through iodination, one radioactive derivative of pactamycin has been obtained with biological activities similar to the unmodified drug when tested on in vivo and cell-free systems. With the use of [125I]iodopactamycin, ribosomes of Escherichia coli have been photolabeled under conditions that preserve the activity of the particles and guarantee the specificity of the binding sites. Under these conditions, RNA is preferentially labeled when free, small ribosomal subunits are photolabeled, but proteins are the main target in the whole ribosome. This indicates that an important conformational change takes place in the binding site on association of the two subunits. The major labeled proteins are S2, S4, S18, S21, and L13. These proteins in the pactamycin binding site are probably related to the initiation step of protein synthesis. AUTejedor F; Amils R; Ballesta JP EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3667-72 MJAntibiotics, Antineoplastic; Escherichia Coli /ME; Pactamycin; Ribosomes MNEscherichia Coli /DE /GD; Iodine Radioisotopes; Pactamycin /PD; RNA, Ribosomal /IP /ME; Ribosomal Proteins /IP /ME MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-28-2 (Estradiol) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000550 TIPurification and characterization of a non-vitellogenin, estrogen-induced plasma protein from the American bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. ABA non-vitellogenin, estrogen-induced protein has been detected for the first time in the plasma of male Rana catesbeiana. A greater than 90% purification of this plasma protein was achieved by salt fractionation with Mg(II) followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE- and CM-cellulose. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis with various antisera showed no immunological cross-reactivity between this protein and vitellogenin. The molecular mass of the purified protein was determined to be 116 000 daltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 105 000 daltons by analytical ultracentrifugation. Sedimentation studies indicate the protein is a nonaggregating spherical monomer with a sedimentation coefficient of 7.5 S. Amino acid analysis demonstrated a composition different from that of vitellogenin and lipovitellin A. Limited proteolysis with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and Bacillus subtilis protease revealed no common peptides on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Phosphate analysis indicated that, on a molar basis, the non-vitellogen, estrogen-induced protein had less than or equal to 3% of the phosphate found in vitellogenin. Further studies of the structure, function, and metabolism of this protein may reveal information relating to the hormonal control of vitellogenesis. AUMitchell RO; Dean WL; Hess PP; Feldhoff RC EM8601 IDGM 29434 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3672-7 MJBlood Proteins; Estradiol MNAmino Acid Sequence; Blood Proteins /IP; Chromatography, Affinity; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Immunoelectrophoresis; Molecular Weight; Peptide Fragments /AN; Rana Catesbeiana; Rana Pipiens; Species Specificity; Vitellogenin /IP; Xenopus MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (oligo(U+); 24937-83-5 (Poly A); 50-00-0 (Formaldehyde) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000551 TILocation of oligo(uridylic acid) sequences within messenger ribonucleic acid molecules of HeLa cells. ABA significant fraction of the polyadenylated mRNAs of HeLa cells contain an oligo(uridylic acid) [oligo(U)] sequence of 15-30 nucleotides. Several different experimental approaches were used to determine if these oligo(U)'s occupied similar sites within all mRNAs. In one approach, poly(adenylic acid)-containing mRNAs [poly(A+) mRNAs] averaging 2800 nucleotides in length were reduced to an average size of 500 nucleotides by controlled alkaline hydrolysis. Over 20% of the oligo(U)-containing fragments isolated from the hydrolysate retained a poly(A) sequence, showing that oligo(U)'s were not exclusively located near 5' ends of mRNA although 20% were apparently close to 3' ends. To confirm these observations, oligo(U)-containing mRNA [oligo(U+) mRNA] was exposed to the 3'-exonucleolytic activity of polynucleotide phosphorylase to produce fragments containing the 5' regions of mRNA. Each of a set of fragments of decreasing length generated by increased times of exposure of the mRNAs to the enzyme was found to have about the same oligo(U) content, including the shortest that averaged 550 nucleotides. These data not only eliminated an exclusive location for oligo(U) in either 3' or 5' ends of mRNA but also suggested that oligo(U)'s might be close to the 5' ends of some mRNAs. To verify this last observation, periodate-oxidized poly(A+) mRNA was labeled at the 5' caps and at 3'-adenosine residues by sodium [3H]borohydride reduction before it was nicked 3-5 times with alkali to produce 5' and 3' end-labeled pieces that could be separated with oligo(thymidylic acid)-cellulose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUKulkosky JW; Wood WM; Edmonds M EM8601 IDCA 18065; GM 32585 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3678-86 MJRNA, Messenger; Uracil Nucleotides MNBase Sequence; Chromatography, Affinity; Formaldehyde; Hela Cells /AN; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Poly A /AN MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (oligo(U+); 50-00-0 (Formaldehyde) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000552 TISequence content of oligo(uridylic acid)-containing messenger ribonucleic acid from HeLa cells. ABOligo(uridylic acid)-containing [oligo(U+)] RNA was isolated from poly(adenylic acid)-containing [poly(A+)] mRNA from HeLa cells by using either formaldehyde pretreatment or poly(A) removal, both of which resulted in increased accessibility of oligo(U)-rich sequences to a poly(A)-agarose affinity column. In this report, we compared the sequence content of oligo(U+) RNA with that of molecules lacking oligo(U) [oligo(U-) RNA] by their relative hybridization to cDNA reverse-transcribed from poly(A+) mRNA and by comparison of their in vitro translation products synthesized in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Formaldehyde-modified poly(A+) RNA, treated to remove the formol adjuncts, was inactive as a template for in vitro protein synthesis; consequently, only depolyadenylated RNA, which retains its translatability, could be used in the translation studies. The hybridization kinetic experiments revealed that oligo(U+) RNA contained most of the sequence information present in oligo(U-) RNA but at a reduced level (ca. 25%), the majority of the oligo(U+) RNA sequences being poorly represented in the cDNA. This result was supported by one- and two-dimensional gel analysis of their in vitro translation products which showed that oligo(U+) RNA, although less effective as a template for translation than oligo(U-) RNA, coded for proteins, the most abundant of which were encoded by rare messages not highly represented in oligo(U-) RNA or the total poly(A+) RNA. Although some minor products were synthesized by both oligo(U+) and oligo(U-) RNA, at least 33 proteins were unique to or highly enriched in the pattern of products directed by oligo(U+) RNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUWood WM; Wallace JC; Edmonds M EM8601 IDCA 18065; GM 32585 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3686-93 MJRNA, Messenger /IP; Uracil Nucleotides /IP MNBase Sequence; Chromatography, Affinity; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Formaldehyde; Hela Cells /AN; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; RNA, Messenger /GE; Rabbits; Reticulocytes /ME; Translation, Genetic; Uracil Nucleotides /GE MTAnimal; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1.3 (Lipase); 10028-17-8 (Tritium) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000553 TIMechanism of the hepatic lipase induced accumulation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by cells in culture. ABHepatic lipase can enhance the delivery of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol to cells by a process which does not involve apoprotein catabolism. The incorporation of HDL-free (unesterified) cholesterol, phospholipid, and cholesteryl ester by cells has been compared to establish the mechanism of this delivery process. Human HDL was reconstituted with 3H-free cholesterol and [14C]sphingomyelin, treated with hepatic lipase in the presence of albumin to remove the products of lipolysis, reisolated, and then incubated with cultured rat hepatoma cells. Relative to control HDL, modification of HDL with hepatic lipase stimulated both the amount of HDL-free cholesterol taken up by the cell and the esterification of HDL-free cholesterol but did not affect the delivery of sphingomyelin. Experiments utilizing HDL reconstituted with 14C-free cholesterol and [3H]cholesteryl oleoyl ether suggest that hepatic lipase enhances the incorporation of HDL-esterified cholesterol. However, the amount of free cholesterol delivered as a result of treatment with hepatic lipase was 4-fold that of esterified cholesterol. On the basis of HDL composition, the cellular incorporation of free cholesterol was about 10 times that which would occur by the uptake and degradation of intact particles. The preferential incorporation of HDL-free cholesterol did not require the presence of lysophosphatidylcholine. To correlate the events observed at the cellular level with alterations in lipoprotein structure, high-resolution, proton-decoupled 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (90.55 MHz) was performed on HDL3 in which the cholesterol molecules were replaced with [4-13C]cholesterol by particle reconstitution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBamberger M; Lund-Katz S; Phillips MC; Rothblat GH EM8601 IDHL22633; HL07443; HL05948; + SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3693-701 MJLipase; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol; Liver MNCell Line; Cells, Cultured; Lipoproteins, HDL /BL /ME; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Radioisotope Dilution Technic; Rats; Tritium MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.23.- (Penicillium janthinellum carboxyl proteinase) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000554 TIStereochemical analysis of peptide bond hydrolysis catalyzed by the aspartic proteinase penicillopepsin. ABThe X-ray crystal structures of native penicillopepsin and of its complex with a synthetic analogue of the inhibitor pepstatin have been refined recently at 1.8-A resolution. These highly refined structures permit a detailed examination of peptide hydrolysis in the aspartic proteinases. Complexes of penicillopepsin with substrate and catalytic intermediates were modeled, by using computer graphics, with minimal perturbation of the observed inhibitor complex. A thallium ion binding experiment shows that the position of solvent molecule O39, between Asp-33(32) and Asp-213(215) in the native structure, is favorable for cations, a fact that places constraints on possible mechanisms. A mechanism for hydrolysis is proposed in which Asp-213(215) acts as an electrophile by protonating the carbonyl oxygen of the substrate, thereby polarizing the carbon-oxygen bond, a water molecule bound to Asp-33(32) (O284 in the native structure) attacks the carbonyl carbon as the nucleophile in a general-base mechanism, the newly pyramidal peptide nitrogen is protonated, either from the solvent after nitrogen inversion or by an internal proton transfer via Asp-213(215) from a hydroxyl of the tetrahedral carbon, and the tetrahedral intermediate breaks down in a manner consistent with the stereoelectronic hypothesis. The models permit the rationalization of observed subsite preferences for substrates and may be useful in predicting subsite preferences of other aspartic proteinases. AUJames MN; Sielecki AR EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3701-13 MJPeptide Peptidohydrolases MNAmino Acid Sequence; Models, Molecular; Peptide Fragments /ME; Protein Conformation; X-Ray Diffraction MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (gelsolin); 10043-52-4 (Calcium Chloride); 67-42-5 (EGTA) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000555 TIInteractions of gelsolin and gelsolin-actin complexes with actin. Effects of calcium on actin nucleation, filament severing, and end blocking. ABGelsolin is a calcium binding protein that shortens actin filaments. This effect occurs in the presence but not in the absence of micromolar calcium ion concentrations and is partially reversed following removal of calcium ions. Once two actin molecules have bound to gelsolin in solutions containing Ca2+, one of the actins remains bound following chelation of calcium, so that the reversal of gelsolin's effect cannot be accounted for simply by its dissociation from the ends of the shortened filaments to allow for elongation. In this paper, the interactions with actin of the ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) stable 1:1 gelsolin-actin complexes are compared with those of free gelsolin. The abilities of free or complexed gelsolin to sever actin filaments, nucleate filament assembly, bind to the fast growing (+) filament ends, and lower the filament size distribution in the presence of either Ca2+ or EGTA were examined. The results show that both free gelsolin and gelsolin-actin complexes are highly dependent on Ca2+ concentration when present in a molar ratio to actin less than 1:50. The gelsolin-actin complexes, however, differ from free gelsolin in that they have a higher affinity for (+) filament ends in EGTA and they cannot sever filaments in calcium. The limited reversal of actin-gelsolin binding following removal of calcium and the calcium sensitivity of nucleation by complexes suggest an alternative to reannealing of shortened filaments that involves redistribution of actin monomers and may account for the calcium-sensitive functional reversibility of the solation of actin by gelsolin. AUJanmey PA; Chaponnier C; Lind SE; Zaner KS; Stossel TP; Yin HL EM8601 IDGM09523; HO01063; HL23591; + SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3714-23 MJActins; Calcium Chloride; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cytoskeleton; Macrophages; Microfilament Proteins; Microfilaments /UL; Muscles MNEGTA /PD; Kinetics; Macromolecular Systems; Microfilaments /DE; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000557 TIMotion of myosin cross-bridges in skeletal muscle fibers studied by time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy decay. ABThe time-resolved fluorescence polarization anisotropy signal has been measured from fluorescent-labeled myosin cross-bridges in single glycerinated muscle fibers in the relaxed and rigor states. In one experimental configuration, the polarization of the excitation light and the fiber axis are aligned, and the anisotropy is sensitive to rotational motions of the probes about axes other than the fiber axis. The rotational correlation times are approximately 1000 ns for relaxed fibers and greater than 7000 ns for rigor fibers. In another experimental configuration, the excitation light polarization is perpendicular to the fiber axis, and its propagation vector has a component parallel to the fiber axis so that the anisotropy is sensitive to probe rotational motion about different axes, including the fiber axis. In this configuration, the rotational correlation times are approximately 300 ns for both relaxed and rigor fibers. The theory of rotational diffusion in a potential described in a related paper [Burghardt, T.P. (1985) Biophys. J. (in press)] is applied to the relaxed fiber data. AUBurghardt TP; Thompson NL EM8601 IDHL-16683 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3731-5 MJMuscles; Myosin MNKinetics; Macromolecular Systems; Mathematics; Rabbits; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes); 9001-28-9 (Factor IX) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000558 TINucleotide sequence of the gene for human factor IX (antihemophilic factor B). ABTwo different human genomic DNA libraries were screened for the gene for blood coagulation factor IX by employing a cDNA for the human protein as a hybridization probe. Five overlapping lambda phages were identified that contained the gene for factor IX. The complete DNA sequence of about 38 kilobases for the gene and the adjacent 5' and 3' flanking regions was established by the dideoxy chain termination and chemical degradation methods. The gene contained about 33.5 kilobases of DNA, including seven introns and eight exons within the coding and 3' noncoding regions of the gene. The eight exons code for a prepro leader sequence and 415 amino acids that make up the mature protein circulating in plasma. The intervening sequences range in size from 188 to 9473 nucleotides and contain four Alu repetitive sequences, including one in intron A and three in intron F. A fifth Alu repetitive sequence was found immediately flanking the 3' end of the gene. A 50 base pair insert in intron A was found in a clone from one of the genomic libraries but was absent in clones from the other library. Intron A as well as the 3' noncoding region of the gene also contained alternating purine-pyrimidine sequences that provide potential left-handed helical DNA or Z-DNA structures for the gene. KpnI repetitive sequences were identified in intron D and the region flanking the 5' end of the gene. The 5' flanking region also contained a 1.9-kb HindIII subfamily repeat. The seven introns in the gene for factor IX were located in essentially the same position as the seven introns in the gene for human protein C, while the first three were found in positions identical with those in the gene for human prothrombin. AUYoshitake S; Schach BG; Foster DC; Davie EW; Kurachi K EM8601 IDHL 31511; HL 16919; HL 07147; + SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3736-50 MJFactor IX; Genes, Structural MNAmino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; DNA Restriction Enzymes; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000560 TIStructure and polymorphism of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerols. Three- and six-layered structures. ABTriacylglycerols, which usually contain at least one unsaturated fatty acid, are the most important forms of stored biological lipids in teleosts, mammals, and most plants. Since the physical properties of such mixed-chain triacylglycerols are poorly understood, a systematic study of such compounds has been initiated. Stereospecific 1,2-dioleoyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerols were synthesized with even carbon saturated fatty acyl chains of 14-24 carbons in length. Their polymorphic behavior was examined by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. The thermal behavior revealed from one to four major polymorphic transitions depending upon saturated chain length. Plots of enthalpy of fusion and entropy vs. carbon number for melting of the most stable polymorph were linear throughout the series with slopes of 1.0 kcal/mol per carbon atom and 2.6 cal/(mol K) per carbon atom, respectively. These slopes indicate that the saturated chains are packed in a well-ordered tightly packed lattice. When the compounds were rapidly cooled to 5 degrees C, X-ray powder diffraction revealed strong beta' (ca. 3.8 and 4.2 A) reflections and weak beta (ca. 4.6 A) reflections. The beta subcell reflections intensified when the compounds were heated to within 5 degrees C of the melting temperature of the highest melting polymorph. Evidence of an alpha phase was not seen on 30-min X-ray exposures for any of the compounds. In the proposed packing arrangement the saturated and unsaturated chains are segregated into layers. The stable form of all compounds exhibits a triple layer packing mode in which a bilayer of oleoyl chains is segregated from an interdigitated layer of saturated chains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUFahey DA; Small DM; Kodali DR; Atkinson D; Redgrave TG EM8601 IDHL26335; HL07291 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3757-64 MJTriglycerides MNCalorimetry; Molecular Conformation; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thermodynamics; X-Ray Diffraction MTComparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.2.1.18 (Neuraminidase); EC 3.2.1.30 (Acetylglucosaminidase); EC 3.2.1.96 (endo-beta-acetylglucosaminidase); 32181-59-2 (N-acetyllactosamine); 60106-89-0 (Dihydroalprenolol) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000561 TIThe oligosaccharide moiety of the beta 1-adrenergic receptor from turkey erythrocytes has a biantennary, N-acetyllactosamine-containing structure. ABThe turkey erythrocyte beta 1-adrenergic receptor can be purified by affinity chromatography on alprenolol-Sepharose and characterized by photoaffinity labeling with N-(p-azido-m-[125I]iodobenzyl)-carazolol. Through the use of the specific glycosidases neuraminidase and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H and affinity chromatography on lectin-Sepharose gels, we show here that the receptor is an N-glycosyl protein that contains complex carbohydrate chains. No high-mannose carbohydrate chains appear to be present. The binding of the radiolabeled antagonist dihydroalprenolol to the receptor is affected neither by the enzymic treatments nor by the presence of lectins, suggesting that the carbohydrate moiety is not involved in the catecholamine binding site. AUCervantes-Olivier P; Durieu-Trautmann O; Delavier-Klutchko C; Strosberg AD EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3765-70 MJAmino Sugars; Erythrocyte Membrane; Oligosaccharides; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta MNAcetylglucosaminidase; Chromatography, Affinity; Dihydroalprenolol /BL; Lectins /PD; Neuraminidase; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta /ME; Turkeys MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.2.1. (Glycoside Hydrolases); EC 3.2.1.18 (Neuraminidase); 131-48-6 (N-acetylneuraminic acid); 79-06-1 (acrylamide) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000562 TIInteraction of carbohydrate and protein in thyroxine binding globulin. ABThe fluorescence properties of human thyroxine binding globulin were evaluated during enzymatic deglycosylation by using both neuraminidase and a mixture of glycosidases. Three fluorescent chromophores, one intrinsic and two extrinsic, were monitored, and all showed changes in fluorescent parameters that have been interpreted in terms of a loss of interactions between the carbohydrate and amino acid residues during deglycosylation. The loss of carbohydrates also results in a decrease in stability of the protein to both acid and guanidinium chloride inactivation. Since deglycosylation decreases the frictional ratio of thyroxine binding globulin, it is concluded that, although sialic acid and other sugar residues are in contact with the protein surface, the hydrated carbohydrate chains protrude partially into the solvent. AUGrimaldi S; Robbins J; Edelhoch H EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3771-6 MJThyroxine-Binding Protein /ME MNAcrylamides /PD; Carbohydrates /AN; Glycoside Hydrolases; Kinetics; Neuraminidase; Protein Binding; Sialic Acids /AN; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thyroxine-Binding Protein /IP MTHuman RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 34273-04-6 (Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate); 66428-89-5 (Forskolin); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7439-96-5 (Manganese); 7681-49-4 (Sodium Fluoride) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000563 TIPurification of the calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase from bovine cerebral cortex. ABA calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase was purified 3000-fold from bovine cerebral cortex using DEAE-Sephacel, calmodulin-Sepharose, and two heptanediamine-Sepharose column steps. The purified enzyme activity was stimulated by calmodulin, forskolin, 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate, and NaF. The molecular weight of the protein component was estimated as 328 000 with a smaller form of Mr 153 000 obtained in the presence of Mn2+. The most highly purified preparations contained major polypeptides of 150 000, 47 000, and 35 000 daltons on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels. Photoaffinity labeling of the preparation with azido[125I]iodocalmodulin gave one product of 170 000 daltons on SDS gels. It is proposed that the catalytic subunit of the calmodulin-sensitive enzyme is 150 000 +/- 10 000 daltons and that the enzyme exists as a complex of one catalytic subunit and the stimulatory guanyl nucleotide regulatory complex. These data are consistent with the previous report that the catalytic subunit of this enzyme has a molecular weight of 150 000 +/- 10 000 [Andreasen, T.J., Heideman, W., Rosenberg, G.B., & Storm, D.R. (1983) Biochemistry 22,2757]. AUYeager RE; Heideman W; Rosenberg GB; Storm DR EM8601 IDNS 20498; HL 23606; GM-07270 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3776-83 MJAdenyl Cyclase; Calmodulin; Cerebral Cortex MNAdenyl Cyclase /ME; Cattle; Forskolin /PD; Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate /PD; Macromolecular Systems; Magnesium /PD; Manganese /PD; Molecular Weight; Protein Conformation; Sodium Fluoride /PD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000564 TIEpidermal growth factor from the mouse. Physical evidence for a tiered beta-sheet domain: two-dimensional NMR correlated spectroscopy and nuclear Overhauser experiments on backbone amide protons. ABWhen H2O-exchanged, lyophilized mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) is dissolved in deuterium oxide at low pH (i.e., below approximately 6.0), 13 well-resolved, amide proton resonances are observed in the downfield region of an NMR spectrum (500 MHz). Under the conditions of these experiments, the lifetimes of these amide protons in exchange for deuterons of the deuterium oxide solvent suggest that these amide protons are hydrogen-bonded, backbone amide protons. Several of these amide proton resonances show splittings (i.e., JNH alpha-CH) of approximately 8-10 Hz, indicating that their associated amide protons are in some type of beta-structure. Selective nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments performed on all amide proton resonances strongly suggest that all 13 of these backbone amide protons are part of a single-tiered beta-sheet structural domain in mEGF. Correlation of 2D NMR correlated spectroscopy data, identifying scaler coupled protons, with NOE data, identifying protons close to the irradiated amide protons, allows tentative assignment of some resonances in the NOE difference spectra to specific amino acid residues. These data allow a partial structural model of the tiered beta-sheet domain in mEGF to be postulated. AUMayo KH EM8601 IDGM-34662 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3783-94 MJEpidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone MNAmino Acid Sequence; Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone /IP; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Macromolecular Systems; Mice; Models, Molecular; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Protein Conformation; Salivary Glands MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (8-azidoguanosine triphosphate); 86-01-1 (Guanosine Triphosphate); 9009-81-8 (Rhodopsin) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000566 TIUse of 8-azidoguanosine 5'-[gamma-32P]triphosphate as a probe of the guanosine 5'-triphosphate binding protein subunits in bovine rod outer segments. ABIn an in vitro incubation, 8-azidoguanosine 5'-[gamma-32P]triphosphate ( [gamma-32P]-8-azido-GTP) labeled bleached rhodopsin independent of ultraviolet light. Characterization of this labeling indicated that rhodopsin was phosphorylated with [gamma-32P]-8-azido-GTP as a phosphate donor. At low concentrations, ATP increased this labeling activity 5-fold. In the same incubation, [gamma-32P]-8-azido-GTP also labeled G alpha (Mr 40 000). This labeling was ultraviolet light dependent. G beta (Mr 35 000) was also labeled dependent for the most part upon ultraviolet light, but a smaller component of labeling appeared to result from phosphorylation. Differential labeling of G alpha and G beta was found to vary intricately with experimental conditions, especially prebleaching of rhodopsin, tonicity of the medium, and the presence or absence of 2-mercaptoethanol. Affinity labeling of G alpha and G beta by [gamma-32P]-8-azido-GTP in competition with ATP or GTP was kinetically complex, consistent with possible multiple binding sites for GTP on both subunits. Independent evidence for two or more binding sites on G alpha has been offered by other laboratories, and recently, at least one binding site on G beta and its analogues among the N proteins of adenylate cyclases has been identified. AUKohnken RE; Mc Connell DG EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3803-9 MJAzides; Guanine Nucleotide Regulatory Protein /ME; Guanosine Triphosphate; Retinal Pigments; Rhodopsin; Rod Outer Segments; Rods and Cones MNAzides /RE; Binding Sites; Cattle; Guanine Nucleotide Regulatory Protein /IP; Guanosine Triphosphate /ME /RE; Kinetics; Macromolecular Systems; Molecular Weight; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Photolysis; Ultraviolet Rays MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN29836-26-8 (octyl-beta-D-glucoside); 50-06-6 (Phenobarbital); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000567 TIEffects of detergent on substrate binding and spin state of purified liver microsomal cytochrome P-450LM2 from phenobarbital-treated rabbits. ABSpectral changes accompanying the binding of the nonionic detergent n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (n-octyl glucoside) to cytochrome P-450LM2 purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital-treated rabbits have been compared to changes in catalytic activity obtained in a reconstituted system consisting of various levels of detergent, P-450LM2, and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. In the absence of substrate and reductase, addition of n-octyl glucoside to 2-3 mM resulted in a difference spectrum (detergent-bound minus detergent-free cytochrome) characterized by a small maximum at 390 nm and a minimum at 410 nm, suggestive of a slight stabilization of the high-spin (S = 5/2) state of the cytochrome. As the detergent concentration was increased to 4-8 mM (corresponding to maximal activity and pentameric or hexameric P-450), a new peak appeared at 427 nm while the minimum remained at 410 nm. Between 10 and 30 mM n-octyl glucoside (conditions which produced catalytically inactive and monomeric P-450) the minimum in the difference spectrum shifted to 390 nm and the maximum to 425 nm, characteristic of a shift in spin equilibrium toward low-spin (S = 1/2) cytochrome. At low and high detergent concentrations, substrate [d-benzphetamine with n-octyl glucoside or cyclohexane with the zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS)] was bound to P-450LM2 with formation of high-spin P-450, although the increase in high-spin cytochrome was less at high detergent levels than at low. The affinity of P-450 for substrate decreased by 2-3-fold at high detergent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUWagner SL; Gray RD EM8601 IDGM25738 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3809-14 MJCytochrome P-450 /ME; Detergents; Glucosides; Glycosides; Microsomes, Liver /ME; Phenobarbital; Surface-Active Agents MNCytochrome P-450 /IP; Kinetics; Microsomes, Liver /DE; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Spectrophotometry MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase); 0 (myosin subfragments); 107-21-1 (ethylene glycol); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 7732-18-5 (Water); 9013-26-7 (Actomyosin) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000568 TITransient kinetics of adenosine 5'-triphosphate hydrolysis by covalently cross-linked actomyosin complex in water and 40% ethylene glycol by the rapid flow quench method. ABThe initial steps of the ATPase of covalently cross-linked actomyosin subfragment 1 (acto-SF-1) were studied by the rapid flow quench method, and the results obtained were compared with those with reversible (i.e., non-cross-linked) acto-SF-1 and SF-1 under identical conditions. Cross-linked acto-SF-1 plus [gamma-32P]ATP reaction mixture milliseconds old was quenched either in a large excess of unlabeled ATP (ATP chase) or in acid (Pi burst). The conditions were pH 8 and 15 degrees C at 5 mM or 0.15 M KCl and with or without 40% ethylene glycol. In 40% ethylene glycol (5 mM KCl), as with SF-1 and reversible acto-SF-1, the ATP chase was used to titrate active sites and to study the kinetics of ATP binding. Unlike those with SF-1 or reversible acto-SF-1, saturation kinetics were not obtained. The second-order rate constant for ATP binding was 3.1 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 for cross-linked acto-SF-1, 1.8 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 for reversible acto-SF-1, and 2 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 for SF-1. In Pi burst experiments, a transient phase could not be discerned. Because of a high kcat, cross-linked acto-SF-1 was difficult to study in aqueous solution, but at 5 mM KCl, the ATP chase and Pi burst curves were similar to those obtained in 40% ethylene glycol. At 0.15 M KCl the ATP chase curve was difficult to interpret (small amplitude), and there was a small Pi burst.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBiosca JA; Travers F; Barman TE; Bertrand R; Audemard E; Kassab R EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3814-20 MJActomyosin; Adenosine Triphosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphate MNEthylene Glycols; Kinetics; Mathematics; Muscles /ME; Myosin /ME; Peptide Fragments /ME; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Time Factors; Water MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1. (Oxidoreductases); EC 1.3.99.1 (Succinate Dehydrogenase); 0 (succinate dehydrogenase-coenzyme Q reductase); 110-15-6 (succinic acid); 1339-63-5 (Ubiquinone); 14875-96-8 (Heme); 7439-89-6 (Iron); 7704-04-3 (Ubiquinone Q2); 7704-34-9 (Sulfur); 9002-93-1 (Octoxynol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000569 TIStudies on the succinate dehydrogenating system. Isolation and properties of the mitochondrial succinate-ubiquinone reductase. ABA simple procedure for preparation of highly purified soluble succinate-ubiquinone reductase from bovine heart mitochondrial particles is described. The enzyme exhibits four major bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and contains (nmol per mg protein): covalently bound flavin, 6; non-heme iron, 53; acid-labile sulfur, 50; cytochrome b-560 heme, 1.2. The enzyme catalyzes thenoyltrifluoroacetone, or carboxin-sensitive (pure non-competitive with Q2) reduction of Q2 by succinate with a turnover number close to that in parent submitochondrial particles. The succinate reduced enzyme exhibits ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur center EPR-signal (g = 1.94 species) and a semiquinone signal (g = 2.00). An oxidized preparation shows a symmetric signal centered around g = 2.01. An unusual dissociation of the enzyme in the absence of a detergent is described. When added to the assay mixture from a concentrated protein-detergent solution, the enzyme does not reduce Q2 being highly reactive towards ferricyanide ('low Km ferricyanide reactive site'; Vinogradov, A.D., Gavrikova, E.V. and Goloveshkina, V.G. (1975) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 65, 1264-1269). The ubiquinone reductase, not the ferricyanide reductase was observed when the enzyme was added to the assay mixture from the diluted protein-detergent solutions. Thus the dissociation of succinate dehydrogenase from the complex occurs in the absence of a detergent dependent on the concentration of the protein-detergent complex in the stock preparation where the samples for the assay are taken from. An active antimycin-sensitive succinate-cytochrome c reductase was reconstituted by admixing of the soluble succinate-ubiquinone reductase and the cytochrome b-c1 complex, i.e., from the complexes which both contain the ubiquinone reactivity conferring protein (QPs). Cytochrome c reductase was also reconstituted from the succinate-ubiquinone reductase and succinate-cytochrome c reductase containing inactivated succinate dehydrogenase. The reconstitution experiments suggest that there exists a specific protein-protein (or lipid) interaction between QPs and a certain component(s) of the b-c1 complex. AUTushurashvili PR; Gavrikova EV; Ledenev AN; Vinogradov AD EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 19 1985, 809(2) p145-59 MJMitochondria, Heart; Multienzyme Complexes /ME; Oxidoreductases /ME; Succinate Dehydrogenase /ME MNBinding Sites; Cattle; Electron Spin Resonance; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Flavins /AN; Heme /AN; Iron /AN; Kinetics; Multienzyme Complexes /IP; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases /IP; Polyethylene Glycols /PD; Spectrophotometry; Substrate Specificity; Succinate Dehydrogenase /IP; Succinates /ME; Sulfur /AN; Ubiquinone /AN /ME MTAnimal RN1307-52-4 (Ruthenium Red); 7440-39-3 (Barium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000570 TIBa2+ ions inhibit the release of Ca2+ ions from rat liver mitochondria. ABThe release of Ca2+ from respiring rat liver mitochondria following the addition of either ruthenium red or an uncoupler was measured by a Ca2+-selective electrode or by 45Ca2+ technique. Ba2+ ions are asymmetric inhibitors of both Ca2+ release processes. Ba2+ ions in a concentration of 75 microM inhibited the ruthenium red and the uncoupler induced Ca2+ release by 80% and 50%, respectively. For the inhibition, it was necessary that Ba2+ ions entered the matrix space: Ba2+ ions did not cause any inhibition of Ca2+ release if addition of either ruthenium red or the uncoupler preceded that of Ba2+. The time required for the development of the inhibition of the Ca2+ release and the time course of 140Ba2+ uptake ran in parallel. Ba2+ accumulation is mediated through the Ca2+ uniporter as 140Ba2+ uptake was competitively inhibited by extramitochondrial Ca2+ and prevented by ruthenium red. Due to the inhibition of the ruthenium red insensitive Ca2+ release, Ba2+ shifted the steady-state extramitochondrial Ca2+ concentration to a lower value. Ba2+ is potentially a useful tool to study mitochondrial Ca2+ transport. AULukacs GL ; Fonyo A EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 19 1985, 809(2) p160-6 MJBarium /PD; Calcium; Mitochondria, Liver /PH MNBarium /ME; Biological Transport; Intracellular Membranes /PH; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials /DE; Mitochondria, Liver /DE; Rats; Ruthenium Red /PD; Uncoupling Agents /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.10.2.2 (ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase); EC 1.6.99. (Quinone Reductases); EC 3.4. (Peptide Hydrolases); 1339-63-5 (Ubiquinone); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 69279-91-0 (asolectin); 9007-43-6 (Cytochrome C) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000571 TIStudies of protein-phospholipid interaction in isolated mitochondrial ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase. ABThe interaction between phospholipids, ubiquinone and highly purified ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase was studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The enzyme complex and its delipidated forms undergo thermodenaturation at 337.3 and 322.7 K, respectively. The reduced reductase is more stable toward thermodenaturation than is the oxidized enzyme. While phospholipids restored enzymatic activity to the delipidated enzyme complex and stabilized the enzyme toward thermodenaturation, ubiquinone showed little effect on the thermostability of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase. The effect of phospholipids on the thermotropic properties of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase is dependent upon the molecular properties of the phospholipid. When ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase was embedded in closed asolectin vesicles, an exothermic transition peak was observed upon thermodenaturation. When the asolectin concentration in the reconstituted preparation was less than 0.3 mg/mg protein, an amorphous structure was observed in the electron micrograph and the preparation showed an endothermic transition upon thermodenaturation. The thermotropic properties of the enzyme-phospholipid vesicles were affected by the phospholipid head groups as well as the fatty-acyl chains, with those phospholipids having the most highly unsaturated fatty-acyl chains having the greatest effect. The energy for the exothermic transition may be derived from the collapse, upon thermodenaturation, of a strained interaction between the unsaturated fatty-acyl groups of phospholipids and protein molecules resulting from vesicle formation. The exothermic transition of the enzyme-phospholipid vesicle was abolished when cholesterol was included in the vesicles and when reductase was treated with a proteolytic enzyme prior to incorporation into the phospholipid vesicles. AUGwak SH; Yu L; Yu CA EM8601 IDGM 30721 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 19 1985, 809(2) p187-98 MJMitochondria, Heart; Multienzyme Complexes; Phospholipids; Quinone Reductases; Ubiquinone MNCalorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cattle; Chemistry; Cholesterol /PD; Cytochrome C /ME; Electron Transport; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated /PD; Freeze Fracturing; Heat; Liposomes; Microscopy, Electron; Multienzyme Complexes /ME; Peptide Hydrolases /ME; Phosphatidylcholines /PD; Phospholipids /PD; Protein Denaturation; Quinone Reductases /ME; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thermodynamics; Ubiquinone /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.10.2.2 (ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase); EC 1.6.99. (Quinone Reductases); 0 (reaction-center protein, plant); 11130-51-1 (cytochrome b561); 1406-65-1 (Chlorophyll); 9007-43-6 (Cytochrome C); 9035-37-4 (Cytochrome b); 9035-42-1 (Cytochrome C-1); 9035-43-2 (cytochrome c2) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000572 TIKinetics of the c-cytochromes in chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides as a function of the concentration of cytochrome c2. Influence of this concentration on the oscillation of the secondary acceptor of the reaction centers QB. ABThe oxidation kinetics of Cyt c1 and c2 have been measured in normal chromatophores and in chromatophores fused with liposomes in order to increase the internal volume. The kinetics of Cyt c1 oxidation were found to be dependent on Cyt c2 concentration. The initial rate of Cyt c1 oxidation decreased after fusion by a factor of about two, indicating a process dependent on diffusion. The results do not allow a clear distinction between a diffusion of Cyt c2 along the inner membrane surface or through the inner volume of the vesicle; two- and three-dimensional models are discussed. In contrast to Cyt c1, the kinetics of oxidation of Cyt c2 were not influenced by changes in concentration. It is concluded that reduced Cyt c2 is preferentially bound to the reaction centers. A binary pattern as a function of flash number from the dark-adapted state was measured in the turn-over of the two-electron gate of the reaction center. In chromatophores with more than 0.5 cytochrome c2 molecules per reaction center, this binary pattern titrated out with a midpoint around 340 mV on reduction of the suspension. In experiments with chromatophores with a low Cyt c2 content, or with spheroplast-derived vesicles which had lost Cyt c2, the binary oscillation in the two-electron gate could be observed at much lower potentials. The results suggest that the binding of reduced cytochrome c2 modifies the behavior of the two-electron gate. A model in which reaction center dimers are stabilized by Cyt c2 is proposed to explain the effect. AUSnozzi M; Crofts AR EM8601 ID5 R01 GM26305 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 19 1985, 809(2) p260-70 MJChlorophyll; Chromatophores; Cytochrome C; Plant Proteins; Rhodopseudomonas Spheroides MNCytochrome C-1 /ME; Cytochrome C /PD; Cytochrome b /ME; Electron Transport; Kinetics; Liposomes; Multienzyme Complexes /ME; Oxidation-Reduction; Quinone Reductases /ME; Spectrophotometry; Spheroplasts /ME MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.9.3.1 (Cytochrome Oxidase); 7439-89-6 (Iron); 7440-50-8 (Copper) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000573 TIStudies on the effects of copper deficiency on rat liver mitochondria. I. Changes in mitochondrial composition. ABAs part of an investigation of the lesions of copper (Cu) deficiency a study was undertaken of the copper, iron, cytochrome and fatty acid composition of liver mitochondria from Cu deficient and Cu-adequate control rats. Cu concentrations were significantly decreased in whole liver, liver mitochondria and in blood plasma. Total iron was significantly increased in whole liver but remained at the normal level in mitochondria. Cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) and its component cytochromes a and a3 were significantly reduced in liver mitochondria from Cu-deficient rats, whereas there was no effect on the concentration of cytochromes b, c1 and c. Evidence from comparisons between cytochrome c oxidase activity and the amount of enzyme present, as assessed from the mitochondrial cytochrome a and a3 content, suggests that in addition to an absolute loss of enzyme, Cu-deficiency adversely affects the efficiency of the residual enzyme. Severe Cu deficiency had no effect on 'ageing' or 'swelling' properties of liver mitochondria, indicating no marked effects on fatty acid composition. Fatty acid analyses demonstrated a slight but significant increase in docosapentenoic acid (22:5) of Cu-deficient mitochondria, but since this represents a minor component there was no change observed in the 'unsaturation index'. It was concluded that, in contrast to previous reports, Cu deficiency of the severity reported did not have a deleterious effect on the integrity and permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane as exemplified by any qualitative modification of fatty acid constitution per se. AULawrence CB; Davies NT; Mills CF; Nicol F EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 9 1985, 809(3) p351-61 MJCopper /DF; Mitochondria, Liver /ME MNBody Weight; Copper /BL /ME; Cytochrome Oxidase /ME; Cytochromes /ME; Fatty Acids /ME; Flavins /ME; Hemoglobins /ME; Iron /BL /ME; Mitochondria, Liver /EN; Mitochondrial Swelling; Rats MTAnimal; Male RNEC 1.- (Succinate Cytochrome C Oxidoreductase); EC 1.6.99.3 (NADH Dehydrogenase); EC 1.9.3.1 (Cytochrome Oxidase); 110-15-6 (succinic acid); 300-85-6 (3-hydroxybutyric acid); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid); 6915-15-7 (malic acid); 7440-50-8 (Copper) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000574 TIStudies on the effects of copper deficiency on rat liver mitochondria. II. Effects on oxidative phosphorylation. ABEffects of dietary copper deficiency in rats on respiratory enzymes of isolated rat liver mitochondria have been studied. After 2 weeks of Cu-depletion, cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) activity had declined by 42% and between 4 and 8 weeks exhibited between 20 and 25% of the activity of control mitochondria. Activities of NADH cytochrome c reductase (EC 1.6.99.3) and succinate cytochrome c reductase (EC 1.3.99.1), were unaffected initially but declined by 32 and 46%, respectively, after 8 weeks of Cu-depletion. After 4 weeks there was a significant (34%) decline in succinate supported state 3 respiration with only a modest (18%) decline in state 4 respiration. The ADP:O ratio was unaffected by Cu-depletion after 6 and 8 weeks of dietary Cu-restriction. State 3 respiration was significantly reduced after 6 weeks when glutamate/malate or beta-hydroxybutyrate were used as substrates, whereas state 4 respiration and ADP:O ratios were unaffected. The fall in state 3 respiration was of sufficient magnitude at 8 weeks to cause a significant decline in the respiratory control ratio with all substrates. Comparisons between the relative activities of cytochrome c oxidase and reductase activities in Cu-deficient preparations, the relatively specific effect of the deficiency on state 3 respiration with all substrates tested and the ability to increase significantly oxygen consumption in excess of maximal state 3 respiration by the uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol suggest that the defect in Cu-deficient mitochondria cannot be attributed solely to the decreased activity of cytochrome c oxidase. AUDavies NT; Lawrence CB; Mills CF EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 9 1985, 809(3) p362-8 MJCopper; Mitochondria, Liver /ME; Oxidative Phosphorylation MNCytochrome Oxidase /ME; Glutamates /ME; Hydroxybutyrates /ME; Malates /ME; Mitochondria, Liver /EN; NADH Dehydrogenase /ME; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Succinate Cytochrome C Oxidoreductase /ME; Succinates /ME MTAnimal; Male RNEC 1.6.99.3 (NADH Dehydrogenase); EC 1.9.3.1 (Cytochrome Oxidase); 9007-43-6 (Cytochrome C) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000575 TIMonoclonal antibodies to cytochrome c from Paracoccus denitrificans: effects on electron transport reactions. ABThe effect of a monoclonal antibody to a soluble cytochrome c from Paracoccus denitrificans was tested on the membrane-bound electron-transport system of this bacterium. This antibody (F3-10.2) and one previously described (F3-29.4) (Kuo, L.M., Davies, H.C. and Smith, L. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 766, 472-482) were deduced to bind to the cytochrome c in the area including amino acid residue number 23 on a loop on the side of the heme crevice. In contrast to the observations with the previously tested antibody, the present data show the second antibody to block completely the reaction of the cytochrome c with cytochrome c oxidase but not that with cytochrome c reductase. Neither antibody has an appreciable inhibitory effect on the NADH oxidase of the isolated detergent-treated membranes. The two antibodies bind in different ways, giving insight into the interaction of a soluble protein with membrane-bound enzymes. The data indicate that the reaction sites on the cytochrome c for the oxidase and reductase moieties of P. denitrificans are different. They also argue against the need for a dissociable cytochrome c comparable to that which functions on the mitochondrial inner membrane. AUKuo LM; Davies HC; Smith L EM8601 IDHL28272 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 9 1985, 809(3) p388-95 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Cytochrome C; Paracoccus denitrificans MNBinding Sites, Antibody; Cytochrome C /ME; Cytochrome Oxidase /ME; Electron Transport; NADH Dehydrogenase /ME; Polarography; Solubility; Spectrophotometry MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9035-37-4 (Cytochrome b); 9035-40-9 (cytochrome b6); 9035-46-5 (cytochrome f) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000576 TICharacterization of a photosynthetic mutant of Lemna lacking the cytochrome b6-f complex. ABA photosynthetic mutant of Lemna perpusilla (no. 1073) has been examined by spectrophotometric and immunoblotting techniques in order to localize the site of defect. In contrast to previous conclusions (Shahak, Y., Posner, H.B. and Avron, M. (1976) Plant Physiol. 57, 577-679), neither cytochrome f nor cytochrome b6 could be detected spectrophotometrically in the mutant. Furthermore, immunoblotting using antibodies specific for each of the four constituent subunits of the cytochrome b6-f complex demonstrate that the entire complex is absent in the mutant. The light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex of Photosystem II is present in similar amounts in wild-type and mutant Lemna. However, the total amount of plastoquinone-9 is reduced by approx. 65% in the mutant strain, while the photoreducible plastoquinone-9 pool is comparable in wild-type and mutant Lemna. AULam E; Malkin R EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 29 1985, 810(1) p106-9 MJCytochrome b /ME; Photosynthesis MNAntibodies /IM; Cytochrome b /IM; Cytochromes /ME; Immunologic Technics; Mutation; Plants /GE /ME; Spectrophotometry MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN128-37-0 (Butylated Hydroxytoluene); 542-78-9 (Malondialdehyde); 56305-04-5 (trolox C); 60-00-4 (EDTA); 70-51-9 (Deferoxamine); 7439-89-6 (Iron); 88088-23-7 (ferric gluconate) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000577 TIThe effect of ferric iron complex on isolated rat liver mitochondria. I. Respiratory and electrochemical responses. ABAddition of iron(III)-gluconate complex to isolated rat liver mitochondria resulted in an increased iron content of mitochondria. Iron was accumulated through a relatively fast process (maximal uptake in less than 2 min incubation) by an energy-independent mechanism. The in vitro iron overload of mitochondria was associated with enhancement in the oxygen consumption, which was due to the induction of lipoperoxidative processes catalyzed by iron. It was found that a concentration of iron as low as 0.1 mM elicits a consistent production of malondialdehyde in mitochondria. Concomitant with the induction of lipoperoxidation a progressive fall in the mitochondrial membrane potential was observed. The occurrence of energy-consuming processes as a consequence of iron addition, and particularly the enhancement of endogenous Ca2+ cycling across the membrane, was suggested as the cause of the membrane potential drop. AUMasini A; Trenti T; Ceccarelli-Stanzani D; Ventura E EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 29 1985, 810(1) p20-6 MJFerric Compounds; Iron /PD; Mitochondria, Liver /DE; Oxygen Consumption MNButylated Hydroxytoluene /PD; Chromans /PD; Deferoxamine /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; EDTA /PD; Electrochemistry; Energy Metabolism /DE; Iron /AN; Malondialdehyde /AN; Membrane Potentials /DE; Mitochondria, Liver /AN; Oligomycins /PD; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN110-15-6 (succinic acid); 56305-04-5 (trolox C); 60-00-4 (EDTA); 70-51-9 (Deferoxamine); 7439-89-6 (Iron); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 88088-23-7 (ferric gluconate) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000578 TIThe effect of ferric iron complex on isolated rat liver mitochondria. II. Ion movements. ABIt has been found that addition of iron(III)-gluconate complex to rat liver mitochondria disturbed the mitochondrial Ca2+ transport. Indirect evidence when the changes in the membrane potential during the transport of Ca2+ were followed, as well as direct evidence, when the fluxes of Ca2+ were monitored by a Ca2+-selective electrode, indicated that this iron complex induced an efflux of Ca2+ from liver mitochondria. The mechanisms by which iron induced Ca2+ release appeared to be linked to the induction of lipoperoxidation of mitochondrial membrane. The mitochondrial membrane, however, did not become irreversibly damaged under these conditions, as indicated by its complete repolarization. It was also shown that the induction by iron of lipoperoxidation brought about an efflux of K+ from mitochondria. AUMasini A; Trenti T; Ceccarelli-Stanzani D; Ventura E EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 29 1985, 810(1) p27-32 MJCalcium /ME; Ferric Compounds; Iron; Mitochondria, Liver /DE; Potassium /ME MNCalcium /AN; Chromans /PD; Deferoxamine /PD; EDTA /PD; Magnesium /ME; Membrane Potentials /DE; Mitochondria, Liver /AN /ME; Oligomycins /PD; Potassium /AN; Rats; Succinates /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.3. (Nucleotidases); EC 3.1.3.5 (5'-nucleotidase); EC 3.1.3.9 (Glucosephosphatase); EC 3.6.1.- (calcium magnesium ATPase); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium); 2001-95-8 (Valinomycin); 27816-59-7 (SITS); 53005-05-3 (DIDS); 555-60-2 (Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000581 TIThe mechanism of calcium uptake by liver microsomes: effect of anions and ionophores. ABThe mechanism of calcium uptake by liver microsomes was investigated using various anions and ionophores. Calcium uptake was shown to be specific to microsomes and unlikely to be due to contamination by plasma membranes by correlation of calcium uptake to the marker enzymes specific for these two fractions. Under the conditions employed, phosphates, sulfate, chloride, acetate, nitrate, thiocyanate, maleate, succinate and oxalate all stimulated calcium uptake by microsomes, but to different degrees. The greatest effect (4-6-fold) was observed with phosphate. On the contrary, phosphate is the only anion that stimulates the plasma membrane calcium uptake to any significant degree. Treatment of isolated microsomes with 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene (DIDS) resulted in inhibition of ATP- and anion-dependent calcium uptake. A lipid-permeable organic acid such as maleate retained its ability to promote calcium uptake in DIDS-treated microsomes. However, a lipophilic anion, such as nitrate, stimulated calcium uptake only in the presence of the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). In addition, 2 microM valinomycin, when added in the absence or presence of 10 to 100 mM K+, had no stimulatory effect on calcium uptake. These results appear to be consistent with a model in which the active uptake of calcium into microsomes involves electroneutral Ca2+-nH+ exchange. AUChan KM; Koepnick SL EM8601 IDP60AM20579; AM33629-01 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p291-8 MJCalcium; Ionophores; Microsomes, Liver MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium /ME; Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium /ME; Adenosine Triphosphate /ME; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone /PD; Glucosephosphatase /ME; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Nucleotidases /ME; Phosphates /PD; Potassium /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; SITS /AA /PD; Time Factors; Valinomycin /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN27816-59-7 (SITS); 53005-05-3 (DIDS); 7365-45-9 (HEPES) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000583 TIAged human erythrocytes exhibit increased anion exchange. ABYoung and old erythrocytes show different rate constants of anion exchange as measured by 35SO4(2-) efflux at 37 degrees C. Results indicate that the rate constant for 35SO4(2-) efflux (SO2-4-Cl- exchange) from old cells is approximately 20% greater than from young less dense cells. The cell water volume of older cells is also decreased. Based on these results and previously reported decreases of cell membrane area in aged cells we conclude that anion exchange (35SO4(2-)) is increased in older, more dense human erythrocytes. AUZanner MA; Galey WR EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p310-5 MJChlorides; Erythrocyte Aging; Sulfates MNAdult; Biological Transport, Active /DE; Body Water /ME; HEPES; Mathematics; SITS /AA /PD MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (nucleoside transporter); 118-00-3 (Guanosine); 13153-27-0 (6-(4-nitrobenzylthio); 3483-12-3 (Dithiothreitol); 38048-32-7 (4-nitrobenzylthioinosine); 554-77-8 (Chloromercuriphenylsulfonate); 574-25-4 (Thioinosine); 58-96-8 (Uridine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000584 TIEvidence for the asymmetrical binding of p-chloromercuriphenyl sulphonate to the human erythrocyte nucleoside transporter. ABNucleosides cross the human erythrocyte membrane by a facilitated-diffusion process which is selectively inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR). The chemical asymmetry of the transporter was investigated by studying the effects of p-chloromercuriphenyl sulphonate (PCMBS) on uridine transport and high-affinity NBMPR binding in inside-out and right-side-out membrane vesicles, unsealed erythrocyte ghosts and intact cells. PCMBS was an effective inhibitor of the transporter (50% inhibition at 30 microM), but only when the organomercurial had access to the cytoplasmic membrane surface. PCMBS inhibition of NBMPR binding to ghosts was reversed by incubation with dithiothreitol. Both uridine and NBMPR were able to protect the transporter against PCMBS inhibition. AUTse CM; Wu JS; Young JD EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p316-24 MJBlood Proteins; Chloromercuriphenylsulfonate; Membrane Proteins; Phenylmercury Compounds MNBiological Transport, Active /DE; Dithiothreitol /PD; Erythrocyte Membrane /DE /ME; Guanosine /AA /ME; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thioinosine /AA /ME; Thionucleosides /ME; Uridine /ME MTHuman RN1074-12-0 (Phenylglyoxal); 7004-12-8 (Arginine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000585 TIAnion transport in red blood cells and arginine-specific reagents. Interaction between the substrate-binding site and the binding site of arginine-specific reagents. ABPhenylglyoxal is found to be a potent inhibitor of sulfate equilibrium exchange across the red blood cell membrane at both pH 7.4 and 8.0. The inactivation exhibits pseudo-first-order kinetics with a reaction order close to one at both pH 7.4 and 8. The rate constant of inactivation at 37 degrees C was found to be 0.12 min-1 at pH 7.4 and 0.19 min-1 at pH 8.0. Saturation kinetics are observed if the pseudo-first order rate constant of inhibition is measured as a function of phenylglyoxal concentration. Sulfate ions as well as chloride ions markedly decrease the rate of inactivation by phenylglyoxal at pH 7.4, suggesting that the modification occurs at or near to the binding site for chloride and sulfate. The decrease of the rate of inactivation produced at pH 8.0 by chloride ions is much higher than that produced by sulfate ions. Kinetic analysis of the protection experiments showed that the loaded transport site is unable to react with phenylglyoxal. From the data it is concluded that the modified amino acid(s) residues, presumably arginine, is (are) important for the binding of the substrate anion. AUZaki L; Julien T EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p325-32 MJAldehydes; Anions; Arginine; Erythrocyte Membrane; Phenylglyoxal MNBinding Sites; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mathematics; Sulfates /ME MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1344-28-1 (Aluminum Oxide); 147-94-4 (Cytarabine); 15663-27-1 (Cisplatin); 23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 37199-22-7 (dowex); 57-22-7 (Vincristine); 59-05-2 (Methotrexate); 7631-86-9 (Silica); 9014-76-0 (sephadex); 9060-05-3 (Amberlite XAD-2 resin) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000586 TIThe interaction of cytostatic drugs with adsorbents in aqueous media. The potential implications for liposome preparation. ABA new method that involves the use of the cation exchange resin Dowex 50W-X4 to remove non-encapsulated drugs from liposome dispersions was investigated. Cytostatic drugs widely varying in their molecular structure can be removed from aqueous solutions by Dowex 50W-X4. The applicability of the resin to separate free from liposome-bound drugs was illustrated for a number of cytostatic drugs (cisplatin, doxorubicin, vincristine). The technique presented allows for a rapid, efficient and convenient procedure for the free drug removal from liposome dispersions without dilution of the liposomal preparation. Studies with liposome-encapsulated drugs will be facilitated by the use of this method, since it avoids many of the problems introduced by conventional methods as dialysis, gel filtration and centrifugation/washing. To elucidate the interaction mechanism of doxorubicin with Dowex 50W-X4, alternative adsorbents were studied for their doxorubicin binding properties. In the adsorption process of doxorubicin onto Dowex 50W-X4 both electrostatic (ion exchange) and hydrophobic effects play a role. The results indicate that hydrophobic contributions to the interaction are responsible for the high resistance offered by the binding forces against desorption of adsorbed doxorubicin. For other adsorbents the interactions are either mainly of an electrostatic or a hydrophobic nature. AUStorm G; van Bloois L; Brouwer M; Crommelin DJ EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p343-51 MJAnion Exchange Resins; Antineoplastic Agents; Ion Exchange Resins; Liposomes MNAdsorption; Aluminum Oxide; Cisplatin /AD; Cytarabine /AD; Dextrans; Doxorubicin /AD; Methotrexate /AD; Polystyrenes; Silica; Temperature; Vincristine /AD MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (phosphatidylcholesterol); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 61361-72-6 (dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000587 TIX-ray diffraction demonstrates that phosphatidyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholesterol are not lamellar above the main transition temperature. ABX-ray diffraction was used to investigate the lattice structure of aqueous dispersions of two phosphatidyldiacylglycerols and of a phosphatidylcholesterol above and below the chain melting transition temperature. Previously, Noggle et al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1982) 691, 240-248) had investigated these lipids and had concluded on the basis of electron microscopy that the lipids were in a lamellar state above the transition temperature. However, they found the 31P-NMR signals were not characteristic of lamellar phases. It was, therefore, concluded that these lipids were yielding unexpected 31P-NMR spectra. The present X-ray results demonstrate that, in fact, the lipids are not in a lamellar state above the transition temperature and that the 31P-NMR and X-ray data are not necessarily in disagreement. Characteristics of the phases both above and below the chain melt temperature are discussed. AUGruner SM; Jain MK EM8601 IDGM32614; GM29703 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p352-5 MJCholesterol; Phosphatidic Acids; Phosphatidylglycerols MNLipid Bilayers; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Temperature; X-Ray Diffraction MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1.- (Phospholipases A); 0 (lysophospholipids); 0 (tert-butyloxycarbonyl-leucyl-alanyl-leucyl-alanyl-leucyl-tryptophan); 502-53-4 (1-hexylglycerol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000588 TISolute-induced acceleration of transbilayer movement and its implications on models of blood-brain barrier. ABHexylglycerol accelerates the transbilayer (flip-flop) movement of phospholipids, lysophospholipids and peptides. For example, lysophosphatidylcholine added to dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles activates the action of pig pancreatic phospholipase A2 (Jain and DeHaas (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 736, 157-162) This activating effect is dissipated slowly after mixing, and no activation is observed when the lysophospholipid molecules are equally distributed on both sides of the bilayer. The half time for transbilayer movement of lysophosphatidylcholine is about 7 h, and it is accelerated over 100-fold in the presence of n-hexylglycerol, as well as by a variety of other amphipathic solutes including n-alkanols, ketamine, and flufenamic acid. Hexylglycerol also accelerates the rate of transbilayer movement of an amphipathic hexapeptide bocLALALW, as well as of the phosphatidylcholine molecules in erythrocyte membrane. These effects are observed without any change in the gross bilayer organization as judged by 31P-NMR. Biophysical significance of such solute induced acceleration of transbilayer movement of amphipathic solutes is discussed to account for the effect of alkylglycerols on blood brain barrier. AUJain MK; Jahagirdar DV; Van Linde M; Roelofsen B; Eibl H EM8601 IDGM29703 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p356-64 MJBlood-Brain Barrier; Lipid Bilayers MNCattle; Erythrocytes /ME; Glycerides /PD; Lysophosphatidylcholines /ME; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Oligopeptides /ME; Peptides /ME; Phosphatidylcholines /ME; Phospholipases A /ME; Phospholipids /ME; Rats; Solutions; Swine; Time Factors MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (lissamine-rhodamine-phosphatidylethanolamine); 64205-19-2 (N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl); 7440-48-4 (Cobalt) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000589 TIThe use of cobalt ions as a collisional quencher to probe surface charge and stability of fluorescently labeled bilayer vesicles. ABCo2+ quenched the fluorescence of the lipid probes NBD-phosphatidylethanolamine (NBD-PE) and lissamine-rhodamine phosphatidylethanolamine (N-Rh-PE) incorporated into lipid vesicles, according to a collisional quenching mechanism in agreement with the Stern-Vollmer law. The quenching coefficient (Q) for NBD-PE, incorporated into uncharged phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles was 13.8 M-1. This value was equal to the quenching coefficient of water-soluble NBD-taurine in aqueous solution, indicating that Co2+ was readily accessible to the outer surface of PC vesicles. In phosphatidylserine-phosphatidylethanolamine (PS-PE) (1:1) vesicles, quenching was also proportional to Co2+ concentration but Q was 114 mM-1, some 8000-fold smaller. Using the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model we demonstrated that the surface density of Co2+ bound to lipid was linear with Co2+ concentration in the medium up to 7%. Co2+-associated phospholipid would in turn quench NBD-PE or N-Rh-PE by collisional quenching with lateral diffusion. We investigated the ability of Co2+ to permeate PS-PE (1:1) vesicles. Co2+ quenched fluorophores on the outer surface of large unilamellar vesicles, formed by reverse-phase evaporation. In small unilamellar vesicles Co2+ quenched probes on both outer and inner surfaces, indicating rapid permeation of the ions into the vesicles. Using stopped-flow rapid mixing, we measured the rate of influx of Co2+, and correcting for surface potential using the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model, we calculated a permeability coefficient of 10(-12) cm/s for Co2+ concentrations below 300 microM. Above this concentration, there was a very steep rise in the permeability coefficient, indicating that binding of Co2+ induces defects in the bilayer of these vesicles. This may be related to the ability of the vesicles to undergo membrane fusion. A method for calculating the membrane surface potential from Co2+ quenching data is presented. AUMorris SJ; Bradley D; Blumenthal R EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p365-72 MJCobalt; Fluorescent Dyes; Lipid Bilayers MNKinetics; Mathematics; Permeability; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Rhodamines; Surface Properties RN10103-46-5 (calcium phosphate); 1476-84-2 (magnesium ATP); 25454-23-3 (Calcium Oxalate); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000590 TICalcium oxalate and calcium phosphate capacities of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. ABBoth oxalate-supported and phosphate-supported calcium uptake by canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum initially increase linearly with time but fall to a steady-state level within 20 min. The departure from linearity could be due to a decrease in influx or to an increase in efflux of calcium. Because Ca2+-ATPase activity is linear, a decrease in the influx of calcium is an unlikely cause of the non-linear calcium uptake curves. A possible cause of an increase in calcium efflux is rupture of the vesicles. This hypothesis was tested by investigating the amount of calcium which could be released upon addition of 5 mM EGTA. The amount of rapidly releasable calcium was zero until a threshold calcium uptake of about 4-6 mumol calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate per mg was reached. After that point the rapidly releasable calcium continued to increase with calcium oxalate to reach more than 23 mumol/mg, but stayed constant at about 0.7 mumol/mg for calcium phosphate. The rapidly releasable calcium was attributed to calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate crystals externalized by vesicle rupture. The differences in the amounts of rapidly releasable calcium were attributed to different kinetics of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate dissolution. Addition of ryanodine caused a marked increase in the threshold for rapidly releasable calcium oxalate. Transmission electron micrographs showed that vesicles can become filled with calcium oxalate crystals, but the vesicles were heterogeneous with respect to their size and their sensitivity to ryanodine. These observations support the hypothesis that calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate capacities are limited by vesicle rupture and that ryanodine increases the capacity by closing a calcium channel in a subpopulation of vesicles that otherwise would not accumulate calcium. AUFeher JJ; Lipford GB EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p373-85 MJCalcium Oxalate; Calcium Phosphates; Myocardium; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum MNAdenosine Triphosphate /PD; Crystallization; Dogs; Kinetics; Microscopy, Electron; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum /UL; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000591 TIEffects of long-chain cis-unsaturated fatty acids and their alcohol analogs on aggregation of bovine platelets and their relation with membrane fluidity change. ABThe effects of long-chain cis-unsaturated fatty acids with different alkyl chain lengths and different numbers of double bonds on aggregation of bovine platelets and membrane fluidity were investigated. All the cis-unsaturated fatty acids tested inhibited aggregation and at the same time increased membrane fluidity in accordance with their inhibitory effects. The saturated fatty acids and trans-unsaturated fatty acid tested for comparison had much lower or no effects on aggregation and membrane fluidity. The inhibitory effects of mono cis-unsaturated fatty acids increased with increase of their alkyl chain length. cis-Unsaturated fatty acids with two or more double bonds had more inhibitory effects than mono-unsaturated fatty acids. The position of the double bonds had less influence than the number of double bonds. We also examined the effects of cis-unsaturated fatty acids on membrane fluidity with diphenylhexatriene and anthroyloxy derivatives of fatty acids as probes and observed increased fluidity to be considerable in the membrane. The alcohol analogs of cis-unsaturated fatty acids also inhibited aggregation and increased membrane perturbation. These results suggest that the inhibition of platelet aggregation by cis-unsaturated compounds is due to perturbation of the lipid layer. AUKitagawa S; Endo J; Kametani F EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p391-7 MJFatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fatty Alcohols; Membrane Fluidity; Platelet Aggregation MNAdenosine Diphosphate /PD; Cattle; Fluorescence Polarization; Temperature MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (apocytochrome C); 29836-26-8 (octyl-beta-D-glucoside); 81-25-4 (cholic acid); 9007-43-6 (Cytochrome C) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000592 TIInvestigations on the insertion of the mitochondrial precursor protein apocytochrome c into model membranes. ABDifferent aspects of the interaction of apocytochrome c and model membranes composed of negatively charged lipids, were studied in order to get insight into the nature of this interaction. The effect of the protein on the lipid packing properties are revealed by DSC, ESR and monolayer techniques. These experiments clearly demonstrate that upon electrostatic interaction with the negatively charged phospholipids, apocytochrome c is able to penetrate into the hydrophobic region of the model membrane. In the case of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, this results in a perturbation of 160 lipid molecules per apocytochrome c molecule. Most likely, apocytochrome c disrupts the formation of the gel phase and restricts the lipid chain motion above the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition. Tryptophan fluorescence measurements confirm that at least a part of the protein penetrates into the bilayer, and suggest that after this penetration, the tryptophan (residue no. 59) is located in the glycerol backbone region of the phospholipids. Although the secondary structure of apocytochrome c is predicted to contain about 35% of alpha-helical structure, the CD pattern of an aqueous solution of the protein is featureless. However, negatively charged lipids are able to express this alpha-helical potency in the apocytochrome c, which might be important for the insertion of the protein into lipid membranes. AURietveld A; Ponjee GA; Schiffers P; Jordi W; van de Coolwijk PJ; Demel RA; Marsh D; de Kruijff B EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p398-409 MJApoproteins; Cytochrome C; Membrane Lipids; Membranes, Artificial MNCalorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cattle; Cholic Acids /PD; Circular Dichroism; Electron Spin Resonance; Glucosides /PD; Mathematics; Pressure; Protein Conformation; Surface Properties MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (gramicidin A, 7,8-des-Val-) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000593 TIHow shortening a channel may lower its conductance. The case of des-Val7-DVal8-gramicidin A. ABA shortened analog of gramicidin A has been shown by Urry et al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 775, 115-119) to have lower conductance than native gramicidin A. They argue this suggests that the major current carrier is the doubly occupied channel. A different perspective is presented here. Channel formation does not alter bilayer width. In a shortened channel an ion approaching the binding site moves further toward the center of the lipid-pore system. The electrostatic contribution to the energy barrier near the constriction mouth is greater for the shorter channel. As long as entry to the channel is rate limiting singly occupied short channels should exhibit lower conductance. The data are not inconsistent with singly occupied channels being the major current carriers. Experiments on other gramicidin analogs are suggested to more clearly distinguish between singly and doubly occupied channels as the dominant conducting species. AUJordan PC; Vayl IS EM8601 IDGM-28643 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p416-20 MJGramicidins; Ion Channels MNElectric Conductivity; Mathematics MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN116-31-4 (Retinaldehyde); 13838-16-9 (Enflurane); 151-67-7 (Halothane); 53026-44-1 (Bacteriorhodopsin); 76-38-0 (Methoxyflurane) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000594 TIVolatile anesthetics cause conformational changes of bacteriorhodopsin in purple membrane. ABWe examined the effects of volatile anesthetics on the structure of the bacteriorhodopsin in the purple membrane by measurements of the absorption spectrum and the visible circular dichroism (CD) spectrum and assay of the retinal composition. As the concentrations of halothane, enflurane and methoxyflurane were increased, the absorption at 560 nm decreased but that at 480 nm increased with an isosbestic point around 510 nm. These anesthetic-induced spectroscopic changes were reversible. The CD spectrum showed the biphasic pattern with a positive and a negative band. As the concentration of halothane was increased from 4 mM to 8mM, the negative band reversibly diminished more drastically than the positive band, and at 8 mM of halothane the positive band shifted to around 480 nm. These results show that halothane disturbed the exciton coupling among bacteriorhodopsin molecules. The retinal isomer composition was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. The ratio of 13-cis- to all-trans-retinal was 47:53, 34:66 and 19:81 at control, 7.4 mM and 14.9 mM enflurane, respectively. After elimination of enflurane, the ratio returned to the control value. These findings indicate that volatile anesthetic directly affect a bacteriorhodopsin in the purple membrane and induce conformational changes in it. AUNishimura S; Mashimo T; Hiraki K; Hamanaka T; Kito Y; Yoshiya I EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p421-4 MJAnesthetics; Bacteriorhodopsin; Carotenoids; Membrane Proteins MNChromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Circular Dichroism; Darkness; Enflurane /PD; Halobacterium; Halothane /PD; Hamsters; Isomerism; Methoxyflurane /PD; Protein Conformation /DE; Retinaldehyde /AN; Spectrophotometry MTAnimal RN554-77-8 (Chloromercuriphenylsulfonate); 7732-18-5 (Water) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000595 TIThe failure of hydrodynamic analysis to define pore size in cell membranes. ABThe equivalent pore theory predicts that the size of water transporting pores can be calculated from the ratio of osmotic (Pf, cm . s-1) to diffusive (Pd, cm . s-1) water permeability. Determinations of Pf and Pd in human red cells within the last thirty years have increased the ratio of Pf to Pd. According to the equivalent pore theory the pore diameter has increased from 9 A to 25 A. A pore diameter of 25 A is not compatible with the permeability characteristics of the red cell membrane. We conclude that the equivalent pore theory fails to determine pore size in red blood cells. We suggest that water transporting pores in human red cells transport water molecules in a single file fashion. AUGaley WR; Brahm J EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p425-8 MJCell Membrane Permeability; Models, Biological; Osmosis; Water MNChloromercuriphenylsulfonate /PD; Erythrocyte Membrane /DE /ME; Mathematics MTHuman RNEC 1.6. (NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases); EC 1.6.99.- (ferricyanide reductase); EC 1.6.99.3 (NADH Dehydrogenase); EC 3.1.3. (Nucleotidases); EC 3.1.3.5 (5'-nucleotidase); EC 3.2.1.17 (Muramidase); EC 3.2.1.31 (Glucuronidase); 65455-52-9 (Percoll); 7631-86-9 (Silica); 9003-39-8 (Povidone) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000596 TIA rapid isolation procedure of plasma membranes from human neutrophils using self-generating Percoll gradients. Importance of pH in avoiding contamination by intracellular membranes. ABIn this study we report an overall procedure for the isolation of both human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and their plasma membrane, by means of self-generating Percoll gradients. After efficient purification (40% yield), neutrophils were lysed by nitrogen cavitation and cellular structures quickly isolated in a one-step procedure. Plasma membrane recovery was monitored by [3H]concanavalin A and 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) activity. We showed the latter activity is indeed present in human neutrophils. The procedure resulted in a good yield of plasma membrane, since 45% and 55% of total 5'-nucleotidase and [3H]concanavalin A activity, respectively, were recovered within two gradient fractions. Depending on the final pH of the Percoll gradient medium, endoplasmic reticulum markers contaminated either the plasma membrane or the granule fractions. At pH 9.05, NADH-ferricyanide reductase activity clearly separated from plasma membrane markers and displayed the same profile as CDPcholine:diacylglycerolcholine phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2), a typical enzyme of endoplasmic reticulum. These results emphasize the need for strict monitoring of the pH of the gradient medium in subcellular fractionation of neutrophils. AURecord M; Laharrague P; Fillola G; Thomas J; Ribes G; Fontan P; Chap H; Corberand J; Douste-Blazy L EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p1-9 MJCell Fractionation; Cell Membrane; Neutrophils MNCell Membrane /EN; Cell Separation; Centrifugation, Density Gradient /MT; Glucuronidase /ME; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracellular Membranes; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase /ME; NADH Dehydrogenase /ME; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases /ME; Nucleotidases /ME; Povidone /DU; Silica /DU MTHuman RNEC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase); 100-51-6 (benzyl alcohol); 67-56-1 (Alcohol, Methyl) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000597 TIRegional differences in the lipid composition and fluidity of rat colonic brush-border membranes. ABThe lipid composition and fluidity of brush-border membranes prepared from rat proximal and distal colonocytes were determined. Fluidity, as assessed by steady-state fluorescence polarization techniques using the fluorophores 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, DL-2(9-anthroyl)stearic acid and DL-12(9-anthroyl)stearic acid, was decreased in distal compared to proximal plasma membranes. This pattern was similar to that previously described for both antipodal plasma membranes in rat enterocytes of the small intestine. The decrease in fluidity of the distal as compared to the proximal membranes resulted from an increase in cholesterol content, cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio and degree of saturation of the fatty acid residues in the distal membranes. The specific activities of total alkaline phosphatase and cysteine-sensitive alkaline phosphatase, enzymes previously shown to be functionally dependent on the physical state of the colonic brush-border membrane's lipid, were also significantly lower in distal as compared to proximal clonic plasma membranes. These studies, therefore, demonstrate that differences in the lipid fluidity, lipid composition and certain enzymatic activities exist in brush-border membranes prepared from rat proximal and distal colonocytes. The regional variation in rat colonic luminal membrane lipid fluidity and composition may, at least partially, be responsible for differences in these enzymatic activities as well as in sodium and water absorption along the length of this organ. AUBrasitus TA; Dudeja PK EM8601 IDCA36745 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p10-7 MJColon /UL; Membrane Lipids; Microvilli MNAlcohol, Methyl /PD; Alkaline Phosphatase /ME; Benzyl Alcohols /PD; Colon /AH /ME; Fatty Acids /ME; Fluorescence Polarization; Intestinal Mucosa /PH /UL; Membrane Fluidity; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000598 TIFusion of bacterial spheroplasts by electric fields. ABSpheroplasts of Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium were found to fuse in an electric field. We employed the fusion method developed by Zimmermann and Scheurich (1981): Close membrane contact between cells is established by dielectrophoresis (formation of chains of cells by an a.c. field), then membrane fusion is induced by the application of short pulses of direct current. Under optimum conditions the fusion yield was routinely 90%. Fusable spheroplasts were obtained by first growing filamentous bacteria in the presence of cephalexin, then converting these to spheroplasts by the use of lysozyme. The fusion products were viable and regenerated to the regular bacterial form. Fusion of genetically different spheroplasts resulted in strains of bacteria possessing a combination of genetic markers. Fusion could not be achieved with spheroplasts obtained by growing the cells in the presence of penicillin or by using lysozyme on bacteria of usual size. AURuthe HJ; Adler J EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p105-13 MJEscherichia Coli; Membrane Fusion; Salmonella Typhimurium MNCalcium /PD; Electricity; Escherichia Coli /UL; Magnesium /PD; Salmonella Typhimurium /UL; Species Specificity MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase); 62-49-7 (Choline) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000599 TIMembrane retrieval in the guinea pig neurohypophysis: biochemical characterization of a retrieval structure. AB[3H]Choline and [35S]methionine injected into the guinea pig hypothalamus in vivo were incorporated into the lipids and proteins, respectively, of secretory vesicles transported to the neural lobe. Prolonged in vivo stimulation of hormone secretion by dehydration decreased the [3H]choline content of secretory vesicles, with a concomitant increase in the [3H]choline content of a membrane fraction isolated on sucrose gradients. After stimulation of neural lobes in vitro in the presence of horseradish peroxidase, this extracellular fluid marker was found in the same membrane fraction. SDS electrophoresis of membrane proteins radiolabelled by [35S]methionine in vivo demonstrated that this fraction contained at least one major protein also present in the secretory vesicle membrane. These results suggest that we have isolated a membrane fraction containing the structure(s) involve in membrane retrieval in the neurohypophysis. AUSaermark T; Jones PM; Robinson IC EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p114-8 MJPituitary Gland, Posterior MNCholine /DU; Cytoplasmic Granules /ME; Endocytosis; Exocytosis; Guinea Pigs; Horseradish Peroxidase /DU; Intracellular Membranes /ME; Nerve Tissue Proteins /ME; Pituitary Gland, Posterior /UL MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1406-18-4 (Vitamin E) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000600 TIEstimation of the location of natural alpha-tocopherol in lipid bilayers by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. ABNatural, 2R,4R',8R'-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), labelled selectively with 13C in the methyl group at position 5, was incorporated into unilamellar vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine. The vesicles are impermeable to the shift reagent Pr3+ and, in the presence of this reagent, separate 13C resonances due to labelled alpha-tocopherol in the outer and inner monolayers could be observed with relative intensities, 2:1. Subsequent addition of the relaxation reagent Gd2+ causes broadening and greatly shortened spin-lattice relaxation times for the resonance due to alpha-tocopherol in the outer monolayer only. These data confirm that alpha-tocopherol is located in both halves of the bilayers with its more hydrophilic chroman moiety very near the lipid-water interface, and indicate that the methyl group at position 5 of the alpha-tocopherol in the inner monolayer must be at least 40 A from the aqueous interface of the outer monolayer. AUPerly B; Smith IC; Hughes L; Burton GW; Ingold KU EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p131-5 MJVitamin E MNLipid Bilayers; Membrane Fluidity; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipids MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 59-05-2 (Methotrexate); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000601 TITransport competence of plasma membrane vesicles from cultured human fibroblasts. ABWe obtained plasma membranes from cultured human skin fibroblasts. The preparation was enriched 10-fold with about 40 percent yield. There was minimal contamination with other cell membranes. Various observations indicated vesicular conformation of a portion of the plasma membranes, notably by electron microscopy and from the effect of osmotic pressure on the distribution of solutes between mass and medium at equilibrium. Other studies indicated that these fibroblast plasma membrane vesicles retained mediated transport processes for a variety of substrates. The evidence included: stereospecific and temperature-dependent uptake of glucose; dependence of L-alanine uptake on sodium ion and an inward-directed transmembrane Na+ gradient; stimulation of L-alanine uptake, with overshoot, by enhancement of the interior-negative transmembrane potential; concentration dependent uptake of methotrexate with apparent competitive inhibition by folinic acid; stimulation of L-lysine uptake by trans-L-arginine. These findings indicate that human fibroblast plasma membrane vesicles could be used to study membrane transport processes and, perhaps, expression of mutant genes that cause inborn errors of transport. AUBuchanan JA; Rosenblatt DS; Scriver CR EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p136-42 MJBiological Transport; Cell Membrane MNAmino Acids /ME; Binding, Competitive; Cell Fractionation; Cell-Free System; Cells, Cultured; Glucose /ME; Membrane Potentials; Methotrexate /ME; Sodium /ME; Stereoisomers; Temperature MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1.- (calcium magnesium ATPase); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000602 TIThe nature of the Ca2+-pump defect in the red blood cells of patients with cystic fibrosis. ABThe reduction in (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity in the cystic fibrosis red blood cells can be attributed to a reduction in the number of active Ca2+ pumps per red blood cell and an altered interaction of calcium ions with the pump. Despite this, the normal free intracellular [Ca2+] is preserved due to a lower rate of passive calcium entry. AUMuallem S; Miner C; Seymour CA EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p143-7 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium; Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium; Calcium; Cystic Fibrosis; Erythrocyte Membrane MNBiological Transport, Active MTHuman RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); 144-62-7 (oxalic acid); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000603 TISubcellular origin of the oxalate- or inorganic phosphate-stimulated Ca2+ transport by smooth muscle microsomes: revisitation of the old problem by a new approach using saponin. ABSaponin, a cell-skinning reagent which perforates the cell membrane via its specific interaction with plasmalemmal cholesterol, was used to identify the subcellular origin of ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation in the presence and absence of inorganic phosphate and oxalate by microsomal fractions isolated from rat vas deferens and dog aorta. The purified plasma membranes from rat gastric fundus muscle, which elicit the stimulation of ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation by inorganic phosphate but not by oxalate, were used as a control reference. Saponin at concentrations effective for skinning smooth muscle fibres (10-50 micrograms/ml) inhibited Ca2+ binding in the absence of ATP to a similar extent in all fractions, but the inhibition of ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation was more pronounced in dog aorta microsomes and rat gastric fundus muscle plasma membranes than in rat vas deferens microsomes. The resistance of phosphate- and oxalate-stimulated ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation to inhibition by saponin was much greater in rat vas deferens than in dog aorta microsomes. Our results suggest that phosphate- and oxalate-stimulated ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation also occurs in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from smooth muscle and is by no means an unique property of endoplasmic reticulum. AUKwan CY EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p148-52 MJCalcium; Microsomes; Muscle, Smooth MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium /ME; Biological Transport /DE; Dogs; Endoplasmic Reticulum /ME; Muscle, Smooth /UL; Oxalates /PD; Phosphates /PD; Rats; Saponins /DU; Sarcolemma /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-39-3 (Barium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000604 TIEffect of Ba2+ on the K+ conductance pathways in the frog cornea. ABTwo types of transepithelial potential difference (PD) responses have been observed in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, when the K+ concentration is changed in the aqueous solution. (1) A normal response, that is, a decrease in the positivity of the aqueous solution when the K+ is increased in this solution. (2) An anomalous response, that is, an increase in PD when K+ is increased from 0 to 4 mM in the aqueous solution. In present experiments 2 mM Ba2+ results in a significant decrease in transepithelial PD and an increase in resistance (R), consistent with the well-known effect of Ba2+ on the K+ conductance in other biological membranes. In the presence of Ba2+ compared to its absence the normal PD responses were decreased when K+ was increased from 4 to 20 or to 79 mM in the aqueous solution. Barium enhanced, but not significantly, the anomalous PD response (PD increase) when K+ was increased from 0 to 4 mM. An anomalous PD response (PD decrease) was obtained with Ba2+ when K+ was changed from 4 to 0 mM while in its absence the response was normal (PD increase) or did not change. These findings support the concept that anomalous PD responses as a result of the electrogenic (Na+ + K+)-ATPase may be obtained when the resistance of the simple K+ pathway is increased. AUCarrasquer G; Rehm WS; Schwartz M EM8601 ID5-31458 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p23-8 MJBarium; Cornea /PH; Ion Channels; Potassium MNCornea /DE; Electric Conductivity; Membrane Potentials /DE; Rana Catesbeiana MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.14.99.- (Fatty Acid Desaturases); EC 3.1.3.9 (Glucosephosphatase); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000607 TIIn vitro modification of cholesterol content of rat liver microsomes. Effects upon membrane 'fluidity' and activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and fatty acid desaturation systems. ABThe cholesterol content of rat liver microsomal membranes was modified in vitro by incubating microsomes and cytosol with liposomes prepared by sonication of microsomal lipids and cholesterol. In this way, the cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratio was increased from 0.11-0.13 in untreated microsomes to a maximal of 0.8 in treated ones. Cholesterol incorporation in microsomes produced an increase in the diphenyl-hexatriene steady-state fluorescence anisotropy and a decrease in the efficiency of pyrene-excimer formation which indicated a decrease in the rotational and translational mobility, respectively, of these probes in the membranes lipid phase. Cholesterol incorporation in microsomes did not affect significantly the glucose-6-phosphatase activity in 0.1% Triton X-100 totally disrupted microsomes, but diminished the glucose-6-phosphatase activity of 'intact' microsomes. This indicates that possibly the glucose 6-phosphate translocation across the microsomal membrane is impeded by an increase in the membrane apparent 'microviscosity'. Cholesterol incorporation in microsomes decreased NADH-cytochrome c reductase without affecting NADH-ferricyanide reductase activity. The delta 9 desaturation reaction rate was enhanced by cholesterol incorporation at low but not at high palmitic acid substrate concentration. delta 5 and delta 6 desaturase reaction-rates were increased both at low and high fatty acid substrate concentrations. These results suggest that a mechanism involving fatty acid desaturase enzymes, might exist to self-regulate the microsomal membrane lipid phase 'fluidity' in the rat liver. AUGarda HA; Brenner RR EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p45-54 MJCholesterol; Fatty Acid Desaturases; Glucosephosphatase; Microsomes, Liver /PH MNElectron Transport; Fluorescence Polarization; Membrane Fluidity; Microsomes, Liver /EN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Temperature; Viscosity MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000608 TIEffects of adriamycin on lipid polymorphism in cardiolipin-containing model and mitochondrial membranes. ABThe effects of the anti-tumor drug adriamycin on lipid polymorphism in cardiolipin-containing model membranes and in isolated inner mitochondrial membranes has been examined by 31P-NMR. Adriamycin binding does not affect the macroscopic structure or local order in the phosphate region of cardiolipin liposomes. In cardiolipin liposomes and in cardiolipin-phosphatidylcholine (1:1) liposomes, the drug inhibits the ability of Ca2+ to induce the hexagonal HII phase. Adriamycin interaction with both dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine-cardiolipin (2:1) and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine-phosphatidylserine (1:1) liposomes results in structural phase separation into a liquid-crystalline hexagonal HII phase for the phosphatidylethanolamine and a liquid-crystalline lamellar phase for the negatively charged phospholipid. Combined high-resolution 31P-NMR, electron microscopy and light scattering studies reveal the prominent fusion capacity of adriamycin towards cardiolipin-phosphatidylcholine small unilamellar vesicles. Addition of Ca2+ to total rat liver inner mitochondrial membrane lipids, dispersed in excess buffer, results in hexagonal HII formation for part of the phospholipids. By contrast, the original bilayer structure is completely conserved when the above experiment is performed in the presence of adriamycin. 31P-NMR spectra of isolated inner mitochondrial membranes are indicative of a bilayer organization for the majority of the phospholipids. Approximately 15% of the signal intensity originates from phospholipids which experience isotropic motion. Adriamycin addition almost completely eliminates the latter spectral component. In the absence of adriamycin, Ca2+ addition greatly increases the percentage of the phospholipids giving rise to an isotropic signal possibly indicating the formation of non-lamellar lipid structures. Adriamycin which specifically binds to cardiolipin (K. Nicolay et al. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 778, 359-371) completely blocks the Ca2+-induced structural reorganization of the lipids in this membrane. AUNicolay K; van der Neut R; Fok JJ; de Kruijff B EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p55-65 MJCardiolipins; Doxorubicin; Membrane Lipids MNCalcium /ME; Cardiolipins /PH; Chemistry, Physical; Doxorubicin /PD; Intracellular Membranes /DE; Lipid Bilayers; Mitochondria /DE /UL; Models, Biological; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Oxidative Phosphorylation /DE; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylserines MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.22.2 (Papain); 0 (phosphate-binding proteins); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 57-50-1 (Sucrose); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000609 TISolubilization and reconstitution of the renal phosphate transporter. ABProteins from brush-border membrane vesicles of rabbit kidney cortex were solubilized with 1% octylglucoside (protein to detergent ratio, 1:4 (w/w). The solubilized proteins (80.2 +/- 2.3% of the original brush-border proteins, n = 10, mean +/- S.E.) were reconstituted into artificial lipid vesicles or liposomes prepared from purified egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (80%) and cholesterol (20%). Transport of Pi into the proteoliposomes was measured by rapid filtration in the presence of a Na+ or a K+ gradient (out greater than in). In the presence of a Na+ gradient, the uptake of Pi was significantly faster than in the presence of a K+ gradient. Na+ dependency of Pi uptake was not observed when the liposomes were reconstituted with proteins extracted from brush-border membrane vesicles which had been previously treated with papain, a procedure that destroys Pi transport activity. Measurement of Pi uptake in media containing increasing amounts of sucrose indicated that Pi was transported into an intravesicular (osmotically sensitive) space, although about 70% of the Pi uptake appeared to be the result of adsorption or binding of Pi. However, this binding of Pi was not dependent upon the presence of Na+. Both Na+-dependent transport and the Na+-independent binding of Pi were inhibited by arsenate. The initial Na+-dependent Pi transport rate in control liposomes of 0.354 nmol Pi/mg protein per min was reduced to 0.108 and 0 nmol Pi/mg protein per min in the presence of 1 and 10 mM arsenate, respectively. Future studies on reconstitution of Pi transport systems must analyze and correct for the binding of Pi by the lipids used in the formation of the proteoliposomes. AUSchali C ; Fanestil DD EM8601 IDAM 32168 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p66-74 MJCarrier Proteins; Kidney; Phosphates MNArsenates /PD; Biological Transport /DE; Detergents; Glucose /ME; Liposomes; Microvilli /AN; Molecular Weight; Papain /DU; Rabbits; Sodium /ME; Solubility; Sucrose /PD; Water-Electrolyte Balance MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN490-83-5 (Dehydroascorbic Acid); 50-81-7 (Ascorbic Acid); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000610 TINa+-independent dehydro-L-ascorbic acid uptake in renal brush-border membrane vesicles. ABA membrane preparation enriched in the brush-border component of the plasma membrane was isolated from rat renal superficial cortex by a divalent cation precipitation procedure. Uptake of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid, the oxidized form of L-ascorbic acid, by the brush-border membrane vesicles was studied. The uptake mechanism was found to be sodium-independent and insensitive to the trans-membrane electrical potential difference. Uptake was saturable and subject to cis-inhibition. Concentrative uptake was demonstrated only under conditions of trans-stimulation by structural analogs. The results suggest a mechanism of facilitated diffusion for the uptake of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid in renal brush-border membranes. AUBianchi J; Rose RC EM8601 IDAM 19119 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p75-82 MJAscorbic Acid; Dehydroascorbic Acid; Kidney MNAnions /PH; Biological Transport; Cell-Free System; Glucose /ME; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Microvilli /ME; Potassium /PH; Protein Binding; Rats; Stereoisomers MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); 0 (nucleoside transporter); 128-53-0 (Ethylmaleimide); 14930-96-2 (Cytochalasin B); 4371-52-2 (Cysteine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000611 TIThe topology of the major band 4.5 protein component of the human erythrocyte membrane: characterization of reactive cysteine residues. ABA preparation of band 4.5 protein of the red cell membrane, containing largely the sugar transporter, was labelled with the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethyl [14C]maleimide. In preparations denatured with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), all five sulfhydryl groups present in the peptide, Mr 45 000 to 60 000, react with the alkylating agent within 20 min at 37 degrees C. If the peptide is reconstituted in lipid vesicles and cleaved with trypsin before extraction and denaturation with SDS, three sulfhydryl groups are found in a 30 kDa fragment and two in a 19 kDa fragment. In 'native' reconstituted protein only three groups react, even after two hours of exposure, two in the 30 kDa fragment and one in the 19 kDa fragment. Thus, one sulfhydryl group is cryptic, inaccessible to N-ethylmaleimide in each fragment. In intact cells, the single reactive group of the 19 kDa fragment can be protected against reaction with N-ethylmaleimide by the impermeant sulfhydryl reagent, p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (PCMBS). It is, therefore, considered to be exposed on the outer face of the membrane. The two reactive groups of the 30 kDa fragment are not protected by PCMBS and are, therefore, not considered to be exposed to the outside medium. Cytochalasin B, a competitive inhibitor of sugar transport affords temporary protection of the exofacial group of the 19 kDa against reaction with N-ethylmaleimide, and affords longer term protection of one of the reactive groups of the 30 kDa fragment. These findings allow conclusions about the topology of the sugar transport protein in the bilayer. Both proteolytic fragments must cross the bilayer. One of three reactive sulfhydryl groups is exofacial and two may be cytoplasmic. The two cryptic groups may be located within the bilayer. AUDeziel MR; Jung CY; Rothstein A EM8601 IDAM 13376 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p83-92 MJBlood Proteins; Erythrocyte Membrane; Membrane Proteins; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins MNCysteine; Cytochalasin B /ME; Ethylmaleimide /DU; Kinetics; Protein Conformation; Trypsin /DU MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000612 TIStoichiometric and electrostatic characterization of calcium binding to native and lipid-substituted adenosinetriphosphatase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. ABThe stoichiometry of calcium binding to specific sites (i.e., those producing enzyme activation) was found to be 8-10 nmol/mg protein in native sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles, and 13.9-15.4 nmol/mg of ATPase purified by non-ionic detergent solubilization and anion exchange chromatography. Parallel measurements of phosphoenzyme yielded levels of 4.0-4.9 and 6.0-7.7 nmol/mg of protein in the two preparations, respectively, demonstrating that each 115 kDa ATPase chain includes one catalytic site and two calcium binding sites. The apparent association constant, K = (6 +/- 2) X 10(5) M-1, and the binding cooperativity, nH = 1.9, were unchanged when measurements were carried out with native sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles and when the membrane surface charge was altered by lipid substitution with phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylserine, at neutral pH in the presence of 10 mM MgCl2 and 80 mM KCl. On the other hand, the apparent association constant was increased in the absence of Mg2+ or, to a lesser extent, in the absence of monovalent cations. It was also observed that the cooperative character of the calcium binding isotherms was reduced in low ionic-strength media. Analysis of the electrostatic effects indicates that the calcium-binding domain is shielded from the membrane phospholipid surface charge by virtue of its location within the ATPase protein. The effects of various electrolytes are attributed to monovalent-cation binding in the calcium-binding domain. The apparent loss of cooperativity of the calcium binding isotherms at low ionic strength is attributed to a progressive displacement of the titration curve which is minimal at low degrees of saturation and becomes larger at higher degrees of saturation. This behavior is described quantitatively by the progressive effect of calcium binding on an electrostatic potential generated by localized protein charge densities within, or near, the calcium-binding domain. AUScofano H; Barrabin H; Inesi G; Cohen JA EM8601 IDHL-27867 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p93-104 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase; Calcium; Membrane Lipids; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum MNElectricity; Kinetics; Magnesium /PD; Membrane Potentials; Phosphatidylcholines /PH; Phosphatidylserines /PH; Potassium /PD; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000613 TIThe interaction of calcium with gangliosides in bilayer membranes. ABWe studied the binding of calcium to bilayer membranes formed from mixtures of phosphatidylcholine and mono-, di-, or trisialoganglioside by measuring its effect on the electrophoretic mobility of multilamellar vesicles and the conductance of planar bilayers. In 0.001 M monovalent salt solutions the surface potential of the membranes is large and micromolar concentrations of calcium have a significant effect on the mobility and conductance. In 0.1 M monovalent salt solutions the surface potential is small and millimolar concentrations of calcium are required to affect these parameters. The strong apparent binding of calcium we observed at low ionic strength could be due to the nonspecific accumulation of calcium in the electrical diffuse double layer. To distinguish between this nonspecific effect and binding of calcium to the membrane, we substituted dimethonium for calcium. Dimethonium is a divalent cation that screens negative charges but does not bind to lipids. We also examined the effect of replacing phosphatidylcholine by monoolein: calcium binds to phosphatidylcholine but not to monoolein. We describe our electrophoretic mobility results by combining the Poisson-Boltzmann and Navier-Stokes equations with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. We conclude that calcium binds weakly to gangliosides with an intrinsic association constant of less than 100 M-1, which is similar to the association constant of calcium with phospholipids. AUMcDaniel R; McLaughlin S EM8601 IDGM24971 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p153-60 MJCalcium; Gangliosides; Lipid Bilayers MNBinding Sites; Electrophoresis /MT; Mathematics; Membrane Potentials; Thermodynamics MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000614 TIThe effect of general anesthetics on the proton and potassium permeabilities of liposomes. ABThe pump-leak hypothesis of general anesthesia proposes that anesthetics act by increasing the functional proton permeability of membranes, particularly those of synaptic vesicles. Since transmembrane proton gradients are required for neurotransmitter accumulation, decay of such gradients by an uncompensated anesthetic-induced leak would result in loss of neurotransmitter from the vesicles, followed by synaptic block and anesthesia. We have tested this hypothesis by determining the effect of four different general anesthetics on the relative permeabilities of liposome membranes to protons and potassium ions. In all cases, physiologically relevant levels of anesthetics caused a 200 to 500 percent increment in ionic permeability. There was no marked preference for protons, suggesting that the anesthetics did not induce a leak specific for this ionic species. Instead the anesthetics appeared to produce a more general defect available to both protons and potassium ions which resulted in a functional increment in proton permeability. These observations were compared with available data on proton transport rates by synaptic vesicle ATPase enzymes. The magnitude of the anesthetic-induced leak could not be compensated by the ATPase, which is only capable of a 40 percent increase in rate when uncoupled. We consider these results to be consistent with the pump-leak hypothesis. AUBarchfeld GL; Deamer DW EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p161-9 MJAnesthetics; Liposomes; Potassium; Protons MNAnesthesia, General; Permeability; Synaptic Membranes /ME MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000615 TISurvival of rabbit and horse erythrocytes in vivo after changing the fatty acyl composition of their phosphatidylcholine. ABThe phospholipid composition and the distribution of phospholipids over the two leaflets of the membrane have been investigated for rabbit and horse erythrocyte membranes. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) comprises 39.4% and 41.3% of the total phospholipid complement of the rabbit and horse erythrocytes, respectively. In both membranes the distribution of this phospholipid is asymmetric: 70% of the PC is present in the outer layer of the rabbit membrane and 60% in that of the horse. The major species of this phospholipid class are the (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl)- and the (1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl)PC. The disaturated species, (1,2-dipalmitoyl)PC, is present in limited amounts only. Partial replacement of the native PC from intact erythrocytes was accomplished with a purified PC specific transfer protein from bovine liver. Replacement of the native PC species with (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl)PC up to 40% of the total PC complement had no effect on the osmotic fragility, the shape and the in vivo survival time of both erythrocyte species. Replacement of the native PC in both rabbit and horse erythrocytes with (1,2-dipalmitoyl)PC up to 20% gave rise to an increased osmotic fragility, a shape change from discocytic to echinocytic and a significant reduction in survival time measured after reinjection of the modified cells. At 30% replacement with (1,2-dipalmitoyl)PC the resulting spheroechinocytes appeared to be cleared from the circulation within 24 h after reinjection. The conclusion can be drawn that the repair mechanisms which may exist in vivo are insufficient to cope with the drastic changes in properties of the erythrocyte membrane which are induced by replacing more than 15% of the native PC by the dipalmitoyl species. AUKuypers FA; Easton EW; van den Hoven R; Wensing T; Roelofsen B; op den Kamp JA; van Deenen LL EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p170-8 MJErythrocyte Aging; Erythrocyte Membrane; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylcholines MNHorses; Osmotic Fragility; Phospholipids /BL; Rabbits MTAnimal RN2609-46-3 (Amiloride); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000616 TIPresence of a potential-sensitive Na+ transport across renal brush-border membrane vesicles from rats of the Milan hypertensive strain. ABSodium transport was measured in brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from kidney cortex of the Milan hypertensive strain (MHS) rats and the corresponding normotensive controls. In the presence of an outwardly directed proton gradient, 22Na was transiently accumulated in the vesicles. When a transmembrane electrical potential was imposed across membrane vesicles, both the accumulation ratio and the initial uptake were increased, indicating the presence of an electrogenic pathway for sodium in these membranes. The potential-dependent sodium uptake was significantly higher in MHS rats. Kinetic analysis give simple Michaelis Menten curves in the presence and in the absence of a membrane potential. In both conditions Jmax was significantly increased in MHS rats, whereas Km was the same for the two rat strains. Sodium uptake was inhibited by amiloride at concentrations that inhibit Na+-H+ exchange. The presence of the higher, potential-sensitive, sodium uptake in MHS is in agreement with studies on renal physiology which support the hypothesis that an increase in tubular sodium reabsorption may be the primary cause for the development of hypertension in this rat strain. AUHanozet GM; Parenti P; Salvati P EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p179-86 MJHypertension; Kidney; Sodium MNAmiloride /PD; Biological Transport, Active; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Microvilli /ME; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN37758-47-7 (G(M1); 6912-86-3 (Tryptophan) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000617 TIInteraction of myelin basic protein with gangliosides and ganglioside-phospholipid mixtures. ABThe interaction of myelin basic protein with monosialoganglioside GM1 was investigated. It was found that the emission maximum of the tryptophan of the protein is blue-shifted due to the interaction. In mixtures of the monosialoganglioside with phosphatidylcholine, the myelin basic protein induces phase separation of the lipids as inferred from differential scanning calorimetry experiments. AUBach D; Sela B EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p225-30 MJEncephalitogenic Basic Proteins; Gangliosides; Phospholipids MNCalorimetry, Differential Scanning; G(M1) Ganglioside /ME; Mathematics; Protein Binding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Swine; Tryptophan /AN MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN555-60-2 (Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000618 TIElectron spin resonance studies of lipid fluidity changes in membranes of an uncoupler-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli. ABThe fluidity of the lipids in membrane preparations from a mutant of Escherichia coli resistant to the uncoupler CCCP, grown at different temperatures with and without CCCP, was examined by electron spin resonance using the spin probe 5-doxyl stearic acid. The fluidity of the membrane lipids at the growth temperature, as estimated using electron spin resonance, was less in cells grown at lower temperatures. Precise homeoviscous adaptation was not observed. Growth in the presence of CCCP resulted in a decrease in membrane lipid fluidity, particularly in the inner (cytoplasmic) membrane. There was no change in the proportion of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin in the cell envelope. However, there was an increase in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in membranes from cells grown with uncoupler. This was reflected in the increased fluidity of the lipids extracted from these membranes. This result is contrary to that expected from measurements of the fluidity of the lipid in these membranes. The decreased fluidity of the lipid in these membranes may be a consequence of the observed increase in the ratio of protein to phospholipid. AUHerring FG; Krisman A; Sedgwick EG; Bragg PD EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p231-40 MJCarbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone /PD; Escherichia Coli /ME; Membrane Fluidity; Membrane Lipids; Nitriles MNCarbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone /ME; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Electron Spin Resonance; Escherichia Coli /DE /GE; Mutation; Protons; Temperature MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (lactate transport protein); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000619 TIEvidence for a lactate transport system in the sarcolemmal membrane of the perfused rabbit heart: kinetics of unidirectional influx, carrier specificity and effects of glucagon. ABThe kinetics and specificity of L-lactate transport into cardiac muscle were studied during a single transit through the isolated perfused rabbit heart using a rapid (15 s) paired-tracer dilution technique. Kinetic experiments revealed that lactate influx was highly stereospecific and saturable with an apparent Kt = 19 +/- 6 mM and a Vmax = 8.4 +/- 1.5 mumol/min per g (mean +/- S.E., n = 14 hearts). At high perfusate concentrations (10 mM), the inhibitors alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (Ki = 7.3 mM), pyruvate (Ki = 6.5 mM), acetate (Ki = 19.4 mM) and chloroacetate (Ki = 28 mM) reduced L-lactate influx, and Ki values were estimated assuming a purely competitive interaction of the inhibitors with the monocarboxylate carrier. The monocarboxylic acids [14C]pyruvate and [3H]acetate were themselves transported, and sarcolemmal uptakes of respectively 38 +/- 1% and 70 +/- 8% were measured relative to D-mannitol. Perfusion of hearts for 10-30 min with 0.15 or 1.5 microM glucagon increased myocardial lactate production and simultaneously inhibited tracer uptake of lactate, pyruvate and acetate. It is concluded that a stereospecific lactate transporter exhibiting an affinity for other substituted monocarboxylic acids is operative in the sarcolemmal plasma membrane of the rabbit myocardium. AUMann GE; Zlokovic BV; Yudilevich DL EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p241-8 MJCarrier Proteins; Glucagon; Lactates; Myocardium; Sarcolemma MNBiological Transport /DE; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Perfusion; Rabbits MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male RN130-95-0 (Quinine); 56-54-2 (Quinidine); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-39-3 (Barium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000620 TIInhibition of Ca2+-activated K+ channels in pig pancreatic acinar cells by Ba2+, Ca2+, quinine and quinidine. ABPatch-clamp whole-cell and single-channel current recordings were made from pig pancreatic acinar cells to test the effects of quinine, quinidine, Ba2+ and Ca2+. Voltage-clamp current recordings from single isolated cells showed that high external concentrations of Ba2+ or Ca2+ (88 mM) abolished the outward K+ currents normally associated with depolarizing voltage steps. Lower concentrations of Ca2+ only had small inhibitory effects whereas 11 mM Ba2+ almost blocked the K+ current. 5.5 mM Ba2+ reduced the outward K+ current to less than 30% of the control value. Both external quinine and quinidine (200-500 microM) markedly reduced whole-cell outward K+ currents. In single-channel current studies it was shown that external Ba2+ (1-5 mM) markedly reduced the probability of opening of high-conductance Ca2+ and voltage-activated K+ channels whereas internal Ba2+ (6 X 10(-6) to 3 X 10(-5) M) caused activation at negative membrane potentials and inhibition at positive potentials. Quinidine (200-400 microM) evoked rapid chopping of single K+ channel openings acting both from the outside and inside of the membrane and in this way markedly reduced the total current passing through the channels. AUIwatsuki N; Petersen OH EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p249-57 MJBarium; Calcium /PD; Ion Channels; Pancreas; Quinidine; Quinine MNCalcium /AI; Electrophysiology; Potassium /ME; Swine MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN67-68-5 (Dimethyl Sulfoxide); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000621 TIThe fusogenic substance dimethyl sulfoxide enhances exocytosis in motor nerve endings. ABFusion of synaptic vesicles with the surface membrane of the nerve terminal is a key step in synaptic transmission, which normally requires the entry of calcium ions into the cell. We report that this fusion and the subsequent liberation of transmitter can also be induced by the fusogenic substances DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) and PEG (poly(ethylene glycol)). Calcium ions and DMSO exhibit a synergistic effect in the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the axolemma, resembling their action on fusion phenomena in liposomes. AUGeron N; Meiri H EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p258-62 MJDimethyl Sulfoxide; Exocytosis; Membrane Fusion; Neuromuscular Junction MNAction Potentials /DE; Calcium /PD; Neuroregulators /ME; Polyethylene Glycols /PD; Rana ridibunda; Synaptic Vesicles /DE MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN59-43-8 (Thiamine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000622 TIEffect of a phenyl group in quaternary ammonium compounds on thiamine uptake in isolated rat hepatocytes. ABThe inhibitory effect of a phenyl group in quaternary ammonium compounds on thiamine uptake in isolated rat hepatocytes was investigated. The phenyltrimethylammonium ion was a more potent inhibitor than the tetramethylammonium ion, while the dibenzyldimethylammonium ion was the most potent inhibitor of thiamine uptake among those compounds examined. A kinetic study showed that this compound was a competitive inhibitor. The cetyltrimethylammonium ion was a less effective inhibitor than the benzyltrimethylammonium ion, and the palmitoylcholine ion was a weak inhibitor. These results indicate that the lipophilicity of a quaternary ammonium compound is not always correlated with its affinity for thiamine-carrier binding, but the presence of a phenyl group plays a significant role in affinity. The inhibitory effect of the series of (CH3)3N+ (CH2)nC6H5 (n = 0-6) compounds on thiamine uptake in isolated rat hepatocytes was studied. The maximal inhibitory activity occurred at n = 5. These results suggest that the phenyl group in a quaternary ammonium compound has a specific interaction with the thiamine-binding site in rat liver plasma membrane. AUYoshioka K; Nishimura H; Hasegawa T EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p263-6 MJAmmonium Compounds; Liver; Thiamine MNCell Membrane /ME; Kinetics; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male RN7440-23-5 (Sodium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 83014-44-2 (Quin2) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000623 TIControl of free cytoplasmic calcium by intracellular pH in rat lymphocytes. ABActivation of Na+-H+ exchange in rat thymocytes was found to be followed by an increase in free cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i). We determined whether the change in [Ca2+]i was secondary to the uptake of Na+, or to the cytoplasmic alkalinization that result from activation of the antiport. Increasing intracellular [Na+] by treating the cells with ouabain or gramicidin failed to affect [Ca2+]i. In contrast, procedures that increased the cytoplasmic pH, such as addition of monensin or NH3, significantly elevated [Ca2+]i. These results suggest an important role of cytoplasmic pH in the control of [Ca2+]i in lymphocytes. AUGrinstein S; Goetz JD EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p267-70 MJCalcium; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; T Lymphocytes MNAminoquinolines /DU; Cytoplasm /ME; Fluorescent Dyes /DU; Protons; Rats; Sodium /ME; Spectrometry, Fluorescence MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7005-03-0 (Leucine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000624 TIRegulation of amino acid transport system L by amino acid availability in CHO-K1 cells. A special role for leucine. ABStarvation of CHO-K1 cells for leucine leads to a 3-4-fold increase in transport system L activity, without modification of transport through systems A and ASC. The concentration of leucine must be below 10 microM before the enhancement of transport can be clearly seen. To achieve low concentrations of leucine such as 10 microM, extensive dialysis of fetal calf serum was required. The enhancement of transport was completed after 12-24 h of starvation and was fully reversed within 1 h of re-feeding with leucine. Starvation for isoleucine, valine or phenylalanine also produced an increase in system L transport activity, but the effect was only one half of that seen following leucine starvation. AUMoreno A; Lobaton CD ; Oxender DL EM8601 IDGM20737 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p271-4 MJAmino Acids; Leucine MNBiological Availability; Biological Transport; Cell Line; Cricetulus; Culture Media; Hamsters; Ovary MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000625 TIEvolutionary conservation of protein binding sites on high-molecular-mass ribosomal RNA. AURaue HA ; el-Baradi TT; Planta RJ EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 3 1985, 826(1) p1-12 MJEvolution; RNA, Ribosomal /ME; Ribosomal Proteins /ME MNBacillus stearothermophilus /GE; Binding Sites; Escherichia Coli /GE; Molecular Weight; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Protein Binding; RNA, Heterogeneous Nuclear /GE /ME; RNA, Ribosomal /GE; Ribosomal Proteins /GE MCReview MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000626 TIDNA sequences homologous to long double-stranded RNA. Transcription of intracisternal A-particle genes and major long repeat of the mouse genome. ABLong double-stranded RNA (dsRNA-A) (Kramerov, D.A., Ryskov, A.P. and Georgiev, G.P. (1977) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 475, 461-475) from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells was used for the search for mobile dispersed genes in the mouse genome. Two kinds of genomic sequences hybridizing to dsRNA-A were cloned. They were designated A1 and A2. The A1 sequence was identified as the gene for intracisternal A particles, while the A2 sequence was found to be the major long repetitive sequence of the mouse genome. Melted dsRNA-A hybridized equally well to both DNA strands of A1 and A2 sequences while total poly(A)+ RNA bound preferentially to one of them. Thus, a partially symmetrical transcription took place in the case of A1 and A2 elements. The analysis of transcripts of A1 elements in Ehrlich carcinoma cells revealed RNAs with sizes of 9.5 kb, 6.8 kb and 6.0 kb. In plasmocytoma MOPC 21 cells, instead of the 6.0 kb RNA, two other kinds of RNA with sizes 5.3 kb and 7.8 kb were found. These transcripts poorly coincided with the four known variants of intracisternal A-particle (IAP) genes. It seemed that at least some of the described RNAs were transcribed from some minor non-identified variants of IAP genes. The A2 transcripts were practically restricted to nuclei, their sizes being heterogeneous. AUKramerov DA; Bukrinsky MI; Ryskov AP EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 3 1985, 826(1) p20-9 MJCloning, Molecular; Intracisternal A-Particle Genes; Proto-Oncogenes; RNA, Double-Stranded; Transcription, Genetic MNDNA Restriction Enzymes; Mice; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid MTAnimal RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes); 13292-46-1 (Rifampin) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000627 TIIsolation and construction of mutants of the G4 minus strand origin: analysis of their in vivo activity. ABAn active, rifampicin-resistant primase-dependent bacteriophage G4 origin of complementary DNA strand synthesis has been cloned as a 274 bp fragment into the filamentous phase M13 and its secondary structure altered by deletion and insertion. It has been found that the entire 136 bp G4 intergenic region containing the secondary structure loops I and III is necessary for rifampicin-resistant conversion of SS----RF DNA in vivo. The secondary structures, however, can be widely separated by insertion between them of both random DNA sequences, and sequences that form strong additional secondary structure configurations and the origins still retain activity. Primase therefore probably recognises two DNA domains on loops I and III, the physical separation of which is not important. AUSakai H; Godson GN EM8601 IDNIAID 7-1142-996 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 3 1985, 826(1) p30-7 MJColiphages /GE; Escherichia Coli /GE; Mutation; Rifampin MNBase Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Coliphages /DE; DNA Restriction Enzymes; DNA, Viral /GE; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia Coli /DE; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Plasmids MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1. (Endonucleases); EC 3.1.30.1 (endonuclease S1 (Aspergillus); 127-07-1 (Hydroxyurea); 147-94-4 (Cytarabine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000628 TIAnalysis of the structure and spatial distribution of ultraviolet-induced DNA repair patches in human cells made in the presence of inhibitors of replicative synthesis. ABThe repair of ultraviolet-induced damage in the presence of hydroxyurea or hydroxyurea and arabinosylcytosine was investigated in confluent human fibroblasts at the level of DNA loops attached to the nuclear matrix. Estimation of single-strand break frequencies based on the release of DNA from the DNA-nuclear matrix complex after incubation with nuclease S1 revealed the occurrence of multiple incision events per DNA loop in the presence of inhibitors. When both inhibitors were employed, over 90% of the repair-labelled DNA was not ligated within 2 h post-incubation. In the absence of ligation of repair patches, we observed a preferential release of repair-labelled DNA from the nuclear matrix by nuclease S1 compared to prelabelled DNA, regardless of the period of post-UV incubation. The results suggest that repair events are clustered to some extent in a certain area of a DNA loop. However, the position of these clusters relative to the attachment sites of DNA loops at the nuclear matrix is random. The data are discussed in terms of denaturation of a putative repair complex in the presence of hydroxyurea resulting in an excess of incisions over repaired sites. AUMullenders LH; van Kesteren-van Leeuwen AC; van Zeeland AA; Natarajan AT EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 3 1985, 826(1) p38-48 MJDNA Repair; DNA Replication /RE; DNA /RE; Ultraviolet Rays MNCell Line; Cytarabine /PD; DNA Replication /DE; DNA /IP; Endonucleases /ME; Hydroxyurea /PD; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Xeroderma Pigmentosum MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-02-2 (Dexamethasone) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000629 TIThe hepatic glucocorticoid domain: evidence for early and late hormone-mediated changes in the synthesis of individual protein gene products. ABStudies were conducted to determine the extent of rapidly evolving effects of glucocorticoids on the transcriptional activity of individual hepatocyte genes through comparisons of the relative rates of synthesis of the more than 3000 protein gene products that are resolved in giant two-dimensional separatory gels. During the first 20 h in primary culture normal hepatocytes displayed substantial spontaneous changes in over 80 proteins. One effect of an added glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, was to retard or reverse the progression of roughly half of these. However, such long-term hormone treatment also caused 27 inductions and 26 repressions, many of which occurred in proteins that do not change spontaneously. Some of these coincide with the previously reported glucocorticoid domain of hepatoma cells. In contrast to such long-term changes, short-term (4 h) incubation with dexamethasone induced 10 proteins and repressed 6 others. Five of these early hormone inductions and all of the early repressions were maintained or enhanced by 20 h. However, the remaining five early glucocorticoid inductions appeared to be transient, since by 16-20 h the effects were either markedly reduced or absent. These results show the existence of an early glucocorticoid domain, qualitatively different from that seen at later times, which may be more representative of the primary steroid hormone responses. AUColbert RA; Amatruda JM; Young DA EM8601 IDAM16177; T32 GM07356 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 3 1985, 826(1) p49-66 MJDexamethasone; Genes, Structural; Liver /ME; Transcription, Genetic MNElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Kinetics; Liver /DE; Molecular Weight; Proteins /GE /IP; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN10043-52-4 (Calcium Chloride); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride); 7786-30-3 (magnesium chloride) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000630 TIIonic effects on the structure of nucleoprotein cores from adenovirus. ABNucleoprotein cores, prepared from adenovirus type 5 with a deoxycholate/heat treatment, consist of the viral DNA and two major internal proteins. The core particles exhibit structural characteristics that are highly reproducible and dependent on their ionic environment. In low-ionic-strength buffer, the cores had a sedimentation coefficient of 180 S and appeared in the electron microscope as homogeneous particles with distinct centers from which numerous arms and loops radiated. Condensation of the cores was induced by Mg2+ or Ca2+ over the range 0 to 1 mM. The sedimentation coefficient increased monotonically with divalent cation concentration, reaching a maximum of 405 S in 1 mM Mg2+. A corresponding condensation in the core structure was observed by electron microscopy. Increasing concentrations of NaCl also produced a conformational change in the cores, with an almost linear increase in sedimentation velocity up to 274 S in 0.04 M NaCl. Between 0.05 and 1.0 M NaCl, the cores were insoluble. In 2.0 M NaCl, the cores were again soluble with an s20,w of 228 S. Under all ionic strength conditions in which the cores were soluble, both core proteins remained bound to the DNA. AUEnnever JF; Love SM; Harpst JA EM8601 ID5T-01-GM-00035; GM-14252; GM-21946; + SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 3 1985, 826(1) p67-79 MJAdenoviruses, Human; Nucleoproteins /ME MNCalcium Chloride; Cations, Divalent; KB Cells; Magnesium; Microscopy, Electron; Molecular Weight; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Nucleoproteins /IP; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Conformation; Sodium Chloride MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.4.3.4 (Monoamine Oxidase); EC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.21.1 (Chymotrypsin); EC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); EC 3.4.99.- (Staphylococcus V-8 protease); 506-68-3 (Cyanogen Bromide); 555-57-7 (Pargyline) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000631 TIMonoamine oxidase A and monoamine oxidase B activities are catalyzed by different proteins. ABMonoamine oxidases A and B (amino: oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (flavin-containing), EC 1.4.3.4) have been identified in the outer membranes of rat liver mitochondria by their covalent reaction with the inhibitor, [3H]pargyline. On analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. Monoamine oxidase A was found to migrate more slowly that monoamine oxidase B. Proteins which correspond to monoamine oxidases A and B (as identified by the electrophoretic distribution of covalently bound [3H]pargyline) were excised from the gels. Subsequent analysis showed that both monoamine oxidase A and monoamine B had been highly purified by this procedure. Electrophoretic analysis of the peptides produced by limited proteolysis with bovine trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase and cyanogen bromide indicate that monoamine oxidases A and B have different amino acid sequences. AUSmith D; Filipowicz C; McCauley R EM8601 IDAM 19701 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p1-7 MJIsoenzymes; Monoamine Oxidase MNAmino Acid Sequence; Chymotrypsin; Cyanogen Bromide /PD; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Mitochondria, Liver /EN; Pargyline /PD; Peptide Peptidohydrolases /ME; Protein Denaturation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Trypsin /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000632 TIRat high-molecular-weight kininogen: purification, production of antibodies and demonstration of lack of immunoreactive kininogen in a strain of brown Norway rats. ABHigh-molecular-weight kininogen was purified to apparent homogeneity from Wistar rat plasma by a two-steps chromatographic procedure. 3 mg of kininogen were obtained from 205 ml of plasma. The purified high-Mr kininogen had a bradykinin content of 10.2 micrograms bradykinin equivalents/mg protein. Under denatured and reduced conditions it gave a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis corresponding to an apparent molecular mass of 110 kDa. Antibodies obtained against rat high-Mr kininogen gave a single precipitation line when tested against rat plasma in double immunodiffusion and in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Although rat high-Mr kininogen possesses physicochemical properties (molecular mass, kinin content per molecule and amino acid composition) similar to human high-Mr kininogen, its antibodies do not cross-react with human, monkey or rabbit plasma, indicating major interspecies differences in the structure of the molecule. Immunoreactive kininogen of Wistar rats was identical to that of Brown Norway rats from a strain bred in Orleans, France (BN/Orl). However, plasma from a strain of Brown Norway rats bred in Leuven, Belgium (BN/Kat), reported to be deficient in a kinin precursor (Damas, J. and Adam, A. (1980) Experientia 36, 586-587), did not contain immunoreactive material discernible by double immunodiffusion or crossed immunoelectrophoresis. AUReis ML; Alhenc-Gelas F; Alhenc-Gelas M; Allegrini J; Kerbiriou-Nabias D; Corvol P; Menard J EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p106-13 MJAntibodies; Kininogens /IP MNAmino Acids /AN; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Gel Diffusion Tests; Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional; Kininogens /IM; Molecular Weight; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7439-89-6 (Iron); 9007-74-3 (Fetal Hemoglobin); 9008-02-0 (deoxyhemoglobin); 9034-51-9 (Hemoglobin A) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000633 TIChanges in Fe site structure from fetal to adult hemoglobin probed by XANES. ABIron X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of human fetal (F) and adult (A) deoxyhemoglobin (deoxyHb) measured at the Frascati synchrotron radiation facility reveal the different geometrical structure of the Fe-porphyrin complexes in the two proteins. By this method, having determined for the first time the variation of atomic positions in fetal and adult hemoglobin in solution (close to the 'in vivo' situation), we give further insight into the structure-function relationship in hemoglobins. AUBianconi A; Congiu-Castellano A; Dell'Ariccia M; Giovannelli A; Burattini E; Castagnola M; Durham PJ EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p120-4 MJFetal Hemoglobin; Hemoglobin A; Iron MNHemoglobins; Spectrum Analysis; X-Rays MTHuman RNEC 3.2.1.- (Glucosaminidase); EC 3.2.1.30 (Acetylglucosaminidase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000634 TIPurification and properties of bovine mammary gland N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. ABTwo forms of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were purified from bovine mammary gland by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, affinity chromatography on Con A-Sepharose and preparative isoelectric focusing. The two forms, designated A and B on the basis of their binding to DEAE-cellulose at pH 7, were glycoproteins with different molecular weights as determined by gel filtration and sedimentation equilibrium analysis. The A form had a molecular weight of 118 000, while the B form had a molecular weight of 234 000. Both A and B forms of the purified enzyme showed the presence of two distinct subunits, having apparent molecular weights of 55 000 and 25 000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-electrophoresis. Amino acid composition of the purified forms showed that a high degree of similarity existed between the two forms. However, the B form had slightly higher levels of serine and threonine than the A form. The structure and possible interrelationship of these two forms in the bovine mammary gland are discussed in relation to the structure of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase from other sources. AUKitchen BJ; Masters CJ EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p125-32 MJAcetylglucosaminidase; Glucosaminidase; Mammae MNAmino Acids /AN; Carbohydrates /AN; Cattle; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Macromolecular Systems; Molecular Weight MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.2.3 (Phosphoglycerate Kinase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000635 TIAltered phosphoglycerate kinase from old rat muscle shows no change in primary structure. ABPhosphoglycerate kinase (ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.2.3) from young and old rat muscle was purified to homogeneity. After ascertaining that each preparation of the enzyme obtained from the latter indeed possessed altered properties, matched pairs of young and old enzymes were subjected to amino acid analysis and peptide mapping by HPLC. Following S-carboxymethylation, the respective young and old enzymes were digested with each of the following three proteinases: trypsin, chymotrypsin and S. aureus V8 proteinase. The corresponding peptides were resolved by reverse-phase HPLC. The peptide patterns obtained from both enzyme forms were identical. Even when the peptides obtained from digestion of phosphoglycerate kinase with S. aureus V8 proteinase were further digested with trypsin, no differences were observed. Comparative amino acid analyses also showed no differences. These results provide direct evidence that there are no changes in the sequence of altered rat muscle phosphoglycerate kinase and support the hypothesis that the differences in properties between the young and old forms of the enzyme result from a conformational modification. AUHardt H; Rothstein M EM8601 IDAG00618 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p13-21 MJAging; Muscles; Phosphoglycerate Kinase MNAmino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids /AN; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.4.3 (Phospholipase C); 3436-45-1 (diheptanoylphosphatidylcholine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000636 TICharged detergents enhance the activity of phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus) towards micellar short-chain phosphatidylcholine. ABPhospholipase C (phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.3) (Bacillus cereus) activity toward diheptanoylphosphatidylcholine is increased 50-100% by low concentrations of both positively and negatively charged detergents. Zwitterionic and nonionic detergents have no such activating effect. This charged detergent activation requires an interface, since comparable detergent concentrations have no effect on the hydrolysis rate of monomeric dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine. From NMR and diacylglycerol solubility studies it is suggested that activation results from detergent interacting with diacylglycerol to accelerate product release from the enzyme. AUel-Sayed MY; Roberts MF EM8601 IDGM 26762 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p133-41 MJBacillus Cereus; Detergents; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipase C; Surface-Active Agents MNDiglycerides; Hydrolysis; Mathematics; Micelles; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Solubility MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.2.1.9 (Glyceraldehydephosphate Dehydrogenase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000637 TIGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of rat erythrocytes has no membrane component. ABIn the course of studying mammalian erythrocytes we noted prominent differences in the red cells of the rat. Analysis of ghosts by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that membranes of rat red cells were devoid of band 6 or the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate: NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12). Direct measurements of this enzyme showed that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in rat erythrocytes was about 25% of that in human cells; all of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in rat erythrocytes was within the cytoplasm and none was membrane bound; and in the human red cell, about 1/3 of the enzyme activity was within the cytoplasm and 2/3 membrane bound. The release of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from fresh rat erythrocytes immediately following saponin lysis was also determined using the rapid filtration technique recently described. The extrapolated zero-time intercepts of these reactions confirmed that, in the rat erythrocyte, none of the cellular glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was membrane bound. Failure of rat glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to bind to the membranes of the intact rat erythrocyte seems to be due to cytoplasmic metabolites which interact with the enzyme and render it incapable of binding to the membrane. AUBallas SK; Kliman HJ; Smith ED EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p142-9 MJGlyceraldehydephosphate Dehydrogenase MNElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Erythrocyte Membrane /EN; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins /AN; Kinetics; Membrane Proteins /AN; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human RN9007-43-6 (Cytochrome C) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000638 TIBinding of cyanide to cytochrome c' from Chromatium vinosum. ABSpectroscopic evidence is presented which demonstrates the binding of cyanide to the ferric cytochrome c' from Chromatium vinosum. The cytochrome was shown to bind one equivalent of cyanide with an equilibrium constant of 2.1 X 10(4) at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C. This finding represents the first observation of the binding of an anionic ligand to the heme iron in a ferric cytochrome c'. These results suggest that the binding site of the ferric Chromatium cytochrome c' may be significantly more accessible than previously indicated. AUKassner RJ; Kykta MG; Cusanovich MA EM8601 IDAM28188; HL26216 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p155-8 MJChromatium; Cyanides; Cytochrome C MNHydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Spectrophotometry; Temperature MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.5. (Amidohydrolases); EC 3.5.2.3 (Dihydro-Orotase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000639 TIEvidence for a pH-dependent isomerization of Clostridium oroticum dihydroorotase. ABAnalytical gel permeation chromatography on both Sephadex and polyacrylamide columns shows that Clostridium oroticum dihydroorotase (L-5,6-dihydroorotate amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.2.3) undergoes a large decrease in molecular size when the pH is decreased from 8 to 6. The Stokes radius decreases from about 40 A to 36 A. Neither the molecular size nor kinetic properties are dependent on protein concentration. Thus, the decreased molecular size reflects a pH dependent isomerization of the enzyme. AUBidigare RR; Sander EG; Pettigrew DW EM8601 IDCA29568; GM30911 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p159-60 MJAmidohydrolases; Clostridium; Dihydro-Orotase MNChromatography, Gel; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isomerism; Kinetics MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.22.- (cancer procoagulant); 144-48-9 (Iodoacetamide); 7439-97-6 (Mercury) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000640 TIComparison of properties of cancer procoagulant and human amnion-chorion procoagulant. ABCysteine proteinases that initiate coagulation in the absence of factor VII have been isolated from rabbit V2 carcinoma and from human amnion-chorion. Many of their biochemical properties, including a molecular weight of 68 000 and inhibition by iodoacetamide and mercury, are the same. In the paper we compare the isoelectric point, the amino acid composition and the carbohydrate content of human amnion-chorion procoagulant and cancer procoagulant. With the exception of minor differences in the amino acid composition, attributable in part to differences in species, the two proteins are closely homologous. AUFalanga A; Gordon SG EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p161-5 MJPeptide Peptidohydrolases MNAmino Acids /AN; Iodoacetamide /PD; Isoelectric Point; Mercury /PD; Pregnancy; Rabbits MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000641 TIThe N-terminal amino acid sequence from alpha 1-antitrypsin isolated from liver inclusion bodies. ABThe alpha 1-antitrypsin from the liver of a subject with alpha i-antitrypsin deficiency was purified and subjected to automated Edman degradation. The N-terminal amino acid sequence from position 1 to 12 was identical to that in plasma alpha 1-antitrypsin, type Z. This result precludes that the intrahepatic accumulation of Z alpha 1-antitrypsin is due to a defective removal of a signal peptide. AUJeppsson JO; Eriksson S EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p30-3 MJAlpha 1-Antitrypsin; Cellular Inclusions; Liver MNAmino Acid Sequence; Autoanalysis; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Immunoelectrophoresis MTHuman RNEC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.- (proteoglycanase); EC 3.4.23.1 (Pepsin); EC 3.4.23.2 (gelatinase); EC 3.4.24.3 (Clostridiopeptidase A); 9000-70-8 (Gelatin); 9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000642 TIPurification and characterization of a bone metalloproteinase that degrades gelatin and types IV and V collagen. ABA third metalloendopeptidase activity, gelatinase, has been completely separated from the collagenase and proteoglycanase activities of rabbit bone culture medium. Although the proteinase could not be purified to homogeneity in large amounts, it was possible to obtain accurate molecular weight values and activity after electrophoresis on non-reduced SDS/polyacrylamide gels. The latent form had an Mr of 65 000 which could be activated with 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate, APMA, to a form of Mr 61 000; under reducing conditions the latent and active forms had Mr of 72 000 and 65 000, respectively. Trypsin was a very poor activator of the latent enzyme. Gelatinase degraded gelatins derived from the interstitial collagens and it also had low activity on native types IV and V collagen and on insoluble elastin. Gelatinase acted synergistically with collagenase in degrading insoluble interstitial collagen. The specific mammalian tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases inhibited gelatinase by forming a stable inactive complex. Comparison of the properties of gelatinase with those of collagenase and proteoglycanase suggest that the three proteinases form a family which together are capable of degrading all the major macromolecules of connective tissue matrices. AUMurphy G; McAlpine CG; Poll CT; Reynolds JJ EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p49-58 MJBone and Bones; Collagen; Gelatin; Pepsin MNCations, Divalent /PD; Clostridiopeptidase A /IP; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Molecular Weight; Pepsin /ME; Peptide Peptidohydrolases /IP; Rabbits; Temperature; Tissue Culture MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.2.1.- (Glucosidases); EC 3.2.1.20 (Alpha-Glucosidases); EC 3.4. (Peptide Hydrolases); 24938-91-8 (emulphogene BC 720) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000643 TIHorse kidney neutral alpha-D-glucosidase: purification of the detergent-solubilized enzyme; comparison with the proteinase-solubilized forms. ABNeutral alpha-D-glucosidase (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.20) from horse kidney brush-border membranes was solubilized using Emulphogene BC 720 and purified by an affinity chromatography technique. The enzyme preparation (390-fold purified), which was free of other known microvillus hydrolases, exhibited one precipitate line in crossed immunoelectrophoresis and migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Several criteria (charge-shift crossed immunoelectrophoresis and hydrophobic chromatography) revealed the purified detergent form of the enzyme to be an amphipathic molecule. The papain treatment of either brush-border membrane vesicles or the purified detergent form of neutral alpha-D-glucosidase released an enzymatic form devoid of these amphipathic properties. Conversely, after trypsin treatment of the ╥d' form of the enzyme, two enzymatic forms were obtained: the first and major form retained these amphipathic properties; the second form exhibiting the same properties as the papain-released form. Furthermore, only a very small amount of neutral alpha-D-glucosidase can be released after trypsin solubilization of brush-border membrane vesicles, and the released enzyme did not exhibit amphipathic properties. These results were interpreted as meaning that the trypsin attack site on the detergent form of the enzyme had either poor affinity for, or obstructed access to, the proteinase when the enzyme was integrated in native membrane or in Triton X-100 micelles, whereas the proteolytic site of the papain was always accessible. AUGiudicelli J; Boudouard M; Delque P ; Vannier C; Sudaka P EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p59-66 MJAlpha-Glucosidases; Glucosidases; Kidney; Peptide Hydrolases; Polyethylene Glycols MNAntigenic Determinants /AN; Chromatography, Gel; Horses; Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional; Kinetics; Microvilli /EN; Solubility MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.6. (Sulfatases); EC 3.1.6.8 (Cerebroside Sulfatase); 138-85-2 (4-hydroxymercuribenzoate); 17781-34-9 (4-hydroxymercuribenzenesulfonate); 2949-92-0 (methyl methanethiosulfonate); 36930-63-9 (1,5-I-AEDANS); 66-27-3 (Methyl Methanesulfonate); 69-78-3 (Dithionitrobenzoic Acid) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000644 TISulfhydryl groups of rabbit liver arylsulfatase A. ABRabbit liver arylsulfatase A (aryl-sulfate sulfhydrolase, EC 3.1.6.1) monomers of 130 kDa contain two free sulfhydryl groups as determined by spectrophotometric titration using 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) and by labeling with the fluorescent probe 5-(iodoacetamidoethyl)aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid. Fluorescence quenching data indicate that the reactive sulfhydryl is present in proximity to one or more tryptophan residues. Chemical modification of the sulfhydryl groups does not alter the distinctive pH-dependent aggregation property of the arylsulfatase A. The free sulfhydryls of the enzyme react with numerous sulfhydryl reagents. Based on the reactions of iodoacetic acid, methyl methanethiosulfonate, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) and 5-(iodoacetamidoethyl)aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with the sulfhydryl groups of arylsulfatase A, it is concluded that free sulfhydryls are not essential for the enzyme activity. In contrast, the observed inactivation of the enzyme by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate or p-hydroxymercuriphenylsulfonate is probably due to a modification of a histidine residue, consistent with previous reports that histidine is near the active site of arylsulfatase A. p-Hydroxymercuribenzoate and p-hydroxymercuriphenylsulfonate are able to react both with cysteine and with histidine residues of the protein molecule. AUWaheed A; Van Etten RL EM8601 IDGM 22933 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p67-73 MJCerebroside Sulfatase; Liver; Sulfatases; Sulfhydryl Compounds MNChromatography, Gel; Dithionitrobenzoic Acid /PD; Fluorescent Dyes /PD; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxymercuribenzoates /PD; Methyl Methanesulfonate /AA /PD; Naphthalenesulfonates /PD; Phenylmercury Compounds /PD; Rabbits; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 6. (Ligases); EC 6.4.- (glutamyl carboxylase); 0 (des(gamma-carboxy); 81-81-2 (Warfarin); 9001-26-7 (Prothrombin) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000647 TIVitamin K-dependent carboxylase: the carboxylation of exogenous substrates in different systems. ABTwo types of solid-phase carboxylase, SPC-II and SPC-X, have been prepared from the livers of warfarin-treated cows. Their enzymatic activities were compared with substrate-free carboxylase in microsomes from normal cows and substrate-bound carboxylase in microsomes from warfarin-treated cows. A number of exogenous substrates for carboxylase have been purified and tested. We found that large substrates, such as descarboxyprothrombin, are carboxylated only by substrate-free carboxylase and not by the substrate-bound enzyme. No differences in apparent Km values between solid-phase carboxylases II and X were observed. AUde Boer-van den Berg MA; Ulrich MM; Hemker HC; Soute BA; Vermeer C EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p94-8 MJLigases; Microsomes, Liver /EN MNCattle; Kinetics; Microsomes, Liver /DE; Prothrombin /AA /ME; Warfarin /PD MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.5.3.- (Aminopyrine N-Demethylase); EC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.22.2 (Papain); EC 3.4.99.- (Staphylococcus V-8 protease); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000648 TISeparation of two constitutive forms of cytochrome P-450 active in aminopyrine N-demethylation from rabbit intestinal mucosa microsomes. ABTwo constitutive forms of cytochrome P-450, designated P-450ib and P-450ic, were purified from intestinal mucosa microsomes of untreated rabbits. P-450ib and P-450ic have minimal molecular weights of 56 000 and 49 000, respectively, as determined by calibrated sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The CO-reduced difference spectral maximum of cytochrome P-450ib is at 450 nm and P-450ic is at 451 nm. Both the cytochromes preferentially demethylate aminopyrine, benzphetamine and N,N-dimethylaniline in the presence of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. Cytochrome P-450ib has absorption maxima at 417, 535 and 573 nm in the oxidized form, indicating that this cytochrome is in a low-spin state. Ouchterlony double-diffusion studies show that cytochrome P-450ib does not cross-react with antisera against liver cytochrome P-450LM2 purified from phenobarbital-treated rabbits, but P-450ic cross-reacts with spur formation. Unlike cytochrome P-450ib, P-450ic is very similar, if not identical, to liver cytochrome P-450LM2 on the basis of its molecular weight, spectral properties, catalytic activities and immunochemical properties. AUIchihara K; Kusunose E; Kaku M; Yamamoto S; Kusunose M EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p99-105 MJAminopyrine N-Demethylase; Cytochrome P-450; Intestinal Mucosa; Isoenzymes; Microsomes MNElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Gel Diffusion Tests; Molecular Weight; Papain /ME; Peptide Peptidohydrolases /ME; Rabbits MTAnimal; Male RNEC 3.1.3. (Nucleotidases); EC 3.1.3.5 (5'-nucleotidase); 288-32-4 (imidazole); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000649 TIInhibition of smooth muscle 5'-nucleotidase by imidazole and its reversal by magnesium. ABImidazole, commonly used as an effective pH-buffering reagent in aqueous media maintained at pH 7-8, was found to depress the 5'-nucleotidase (5'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.5) activity of microsomal membrane fraction isolated from rat vas deferens smooth muscle in a dose-dependent manner in the absence of added Mg2+. Such an inhibitory effect of imidazole on the smooth muscle 5'-nucleotidase was not dependent upon the purity or integrity of the membrane fractions used and could be fully reversed by the inclusion of 5-10 mM Mg2+ in the assay medium. Of the five different pH-buffering reagents tested, imidazole was specific in exerting inhibitory effect on the 5'-nucleotidase in the absence of Mg2+ and this inhibition could not be accounted for by the impurities present in the imidazole. Differential effects of chelating reagents and other divalent metal ions on the 5'-nucleotidase activity were also observed in imidazole and Tris buffer solutions. The 5'-nucleotidase activity was not affected if the membranes were preincubated and washed with a large volume of 50 mM imidazole and subsequently assayed in 50 mM Tris in the absence of Mg2+. Similar findings were obtained with EDTA treated membrane. These results suggest that imidazole does not act by removal of the activating metal ion but rather interacts directly with 5'-nucleotidase and alters the metal-enzyme interactions. AUKwan CY; Sipos SN EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p167-71 MJImidazoles /PD; Magnesium; Muscle, Smooth; Nucleotidases MNBuffers /PD; Cations, Divalent /PD; Cell Membrane /EN; Chelating Agents /PD; Cytoplasm /EN; Imidazoles /AI; Microsomes /EN; Rats; Vas Deferens /EN MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.3.11 (Hexosediphosphatase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000650 TIIsolation and partial characterization of rat muscle fructose bisphosphatase. ABFructose bisphosphatase (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.11) has been isolated in homogeneous form from rat muscle by a simple and convenient procedure, including adsorption on carboxymethylcellulose and substrate elution. The resultant enzyme preparation has a specific activity comparable to that of the enzymes isolated from rabbit liver, rabbit muscle and rat liver. The native relative molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation to be approx. 138 000, and the enzyme appears to be a tetramer containing subunits of Mr approx. 34 500. The amino acid composition is distinctly different from that of the rabbit muscle, rabbit liver and rat liver enzymes. The purified enzyme contains no tryptophan and has a blocked amino terminal. AUvan Tonder A; Terblanche SE; Oelofsen W EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p186-91 MJHexosediphosphatase; Muscles MNAmino Acids /AN; Chemistry; Chromatography, Gel; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Rats; Ultracentrifugation MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.4.1. (Galactosyltransferases); EC 2.4.1. (Glucosyltransferases); EC 2.4.1.101 (UDPGNAC-alpha-D-mannose beta-2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I); EC 2.4.1.22 (Lactose Synthetase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000651 TIStimulation of bovine milk galactosyltransferase activity by bovine colostrum N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. ABPurified bovine milk galactosyltransferase was stimulated by purified bovine colostrum N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I by more than 10-fold. Only slight stimulation of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I by galactosyltransferase was observed. Heat inactivation destroyed the ability of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I to stimulate the galactosyltransferase. The stimulation of galactosyltransferase was accompanied by a decrease in Km of this enzyme from 9.7 to 3.3. mM and an increase in Vmax from 1.87 to 3.71 nmol galactose transferred/min per mg galactosyltransferase when GlcNAc was the substrate. When the Km for UDPgalactose was determined, it increased from 0.19 to 0.42 mM in the presence of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I and the Vmax increased from 0.66 to 2.76 nmol galactose transferred/min per mg galactosyltransferase. In phosphatidylcholine vesicles, no effect on Km values with GlcNAc as substrate was noted, while an increase in the Km of UDPgalactose was observed. The Vmax values were generally higher in the lipid vesicles. Complex formation between galactosyltransferase and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I was demonstrated both by glycerol density gradient centrifugation and Bio-Gel P-100 column chromatography. An approximate molecular weight for the complex was obtained on a calibrated Sephadex G-200 column and found to be about 75 000, consistent with a 1:1 complex. The stimulation of galactosyltransferase involved the N-acetyllactosamine synthetase activity of this enzyme and not the lactose synthetase activity, since the latter activity was only slightly affected. Since N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I is not involved in the lactose synthetase reaction, the stimulation is consistent with the known biosynthetic role of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I in the biosynthesis of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. AUMoscarello MA; Mitranic MM; Vella G EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p192-200 MJColostrum; Galactosyltransferases; Glucosyltransferases; Milk MNCattle; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chromatography, Gel; Enzyme Activation; Kinetics; Lactose Synthetase /ME; Phosphatidylcholines; Protein Binding MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.1.1 (Hexokinase); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7724-15-4 (2-(4-toluidino); 7786-30-3 (magnesium chloride) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000652 TIA fluorescence study of thermally induced conformational changes in yeast hexokinase. ABFluorescence studies have been performed on yeast hexokinase (ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) as a function of temperature. Observations of both the intrinsic protein fluorescence and the fluorescence of the noncovalently bound apolar probe 2-(p-toluidinyl)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid under conditions where hexokinase is monomeric, indicate that significant thermal structural transitions occur in the protein over the physiological range of temperature (0 degrees-40 degrees C) and that there are different temperature-dependent forms of the enzyme. Thermal transitions between these forms are affected by the binding of the substrates D-glucose and ATP-Mg. It therefore appears that catalysis connects conformers that differ in stability and the present results are consistent with models in which hexokinase function is linked to changes in the interactions between the domains into which this protein is folded. AUWasylewski Z; Criscimagna NL; Horowitz PM EM8601 IDGM25177 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p201-6 MJHexokinase; Saccharomyces Cerevisiae MNAdenosine Triphosphate; Fluorescent Dyes; Glucose; Heat; Magnesium; Naphthalenesulfonates; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thermodynamics MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000653 TIPhysical properties of chicken erythrocyte HMG-1, HMG-2 and HMG-E. ABHMG-1, HMG-2 and HMG-E were purified from chicken erythrocyte chromatin without exposure to overt denaturing conditions and subjected to several types of physical measurement. The principal conclusions drawn from the measurements were: none of the proteins has a strong tendency to self-associate, although HMG-1 does weakly self-associate; the frictional properties of HMG-1 and HMG-E (and probably HMG-2) indicate that the proteins deviate significantly from compact, moderately hydrated spheres; and each of the proteins contains approximately 40% helix and little if any beta-pleated sheet. AULand MD; Cox DJ; Manning DR; Reeck GR EM8601 IDGM-29203; GM-22243; CA-17782; + SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p207-12 MJErythrocytes; High Mobility Group Proteins MNCentrifugation, Density Gradient; Chemistry, Physical; Chickens; Circular Dichroism; High Mobility Group Proteins /IP; Molecular Weight; Protein Conformation MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1 (Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases); EC 3.1.1.14 (chlorophyllase); 0 (digalactosyldiglycerides); 1406-65-1 (Chlorophyll) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000654 TIInactivation of chlorophyllase by negatively charged plant membrane lipids. ABChlorophyllide combines spontaneously not only with phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes but also with various other (plant) lipids dispersed in an aqueous medium. The lipid-associated chlorophyllide is highly fluorescent and the fluorescence yield is virtually independent of the nature of the lipid. Chlorophyllase (chlorophyll chlorophyllidohydrolase, EC 3.1.1.14) activity assays that are based on the determination of this chlorophyllide fluorescence show that phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and also sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), associate with isolated chlorophyllase, thereby inactivating the enzyme in a co-operative way. The extent of this inactivation depends on the pH and ionic strength of the reaction medium and can be completely reversed by divalent cations (Mg2+). The inhibition of chlorophyllase effected by free PG liposomes can be counteracted by electrically neutral lipids at relatively high concentration (PC and also chloroplast lipids). Digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) is not effective in this respect. When PG has been incorporated in PC or DGDG liposomes, its ability to inhibit chlorophyllase activity is reduced. Whereas the remaining chlorophyllase-inactivating effect of PG, incorporated in PC, can still be reversed by Mg2+, this is not found when enzyme inactivation is caused by PG incorporated in DGDG. The results reported here are consistent with those obtained earlier concerning the stabilization of chlorophyllase by PG and PG/galactolipid mixtures (Lambers, J.W.J., Verkleij, A.J. and Terpstra, W. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 786, 1-8). They are discussed in terms of the regulation of chlorophyllase activity by lipids surrounding the enzyme and by divalent cations. AULambers JW; Terpstra W EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p225-35 MJCarboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Membrane Lipids; Plants MNChlorophyllides /AN; Chlorophyll /AN; Chloroplasts /ME; Electrochemistry; Glycolipids /ME; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Liposomes /ME; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphatidylcholines /ME; Phosphatidylglycerols /ME; Spectrometry, Fluorescence MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.1 (Chymotrypsin); 0 (ovomacroglobulin); 74-89-5 (methylamine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000655 TIStructural changes in alpha-2- and ovomacroglobulins studied by gel chromatography and electron microscopy. ABThe structural change that occurs in alpha-2-macroglobulin upon its interaction with methylamine or chymotrypsin was studied by high-performance gel chromatography and electron microscopy. The result enabled us to estimate the Stokes radius of the protein as 8.8 nm and 7.9 nm before and after binding with the proteinase, respectively. The methylamine-treated protein also had the Stokes radius of 7.9 nm. Similar studies on the chicken and crocodilian ovomacroglobulins showed that these homologues of alpha 2-macroglobulin had Stokes radii of 9.2-9.3 nm and 8.5-8.7 nm before and after binding with chymotrypsin. Their Stokes radii did not change as a result of the methylamine treatment. Electron micrographs of the native and altered forms of the three proteins are presented. This study introduces a simple and quantitative method to study the structural change of alpha 2-macroglobulin and its homologues. AUNishigai M; Osada T; Ikai A EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p236-41 MJAlpha Macroglobulins; Macroglobulins MNAlligators and Crocodiles; Chickens; Chromatography, Gel /MT; Chymotrypsin; Methylamines; Microscopy, Electron; Protein Conformation MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-13-6 (Urea) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000656 TIMicrocalorimetric studies of the heats of solution of bovine myelin basic protein. ABHeats of solution for myelin basic protein have been determined using microcalorimetry. All aqueous systems studied yielded negative heats of solution; in contrast, trifluoroethanol produced a small positive heat of solution, while reaction with dimethyl sulfoxide was strikingly exothermic. The heat of interaction for native myelin basic protein with 8 M urea at pH 4.0, 29 degrees C, was found to be -79 +/- 16 kcal/mol. The significance of these results in terms of the protein's structural organization is discussed. AURandall CS; Zand R EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p242-8 MJEncephalitogenic Basic Proteins MNCalorimetry, Differential Scanning; Calorimetry /MT; Cattle; Mathematics; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation /DE; Thermodynamics; Urea /PD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RNEC 3.1. (Esterases); EC 3.4.21.1 (Chymotrypsin) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000657 TIActive forms of chymotrypsin C isolated from autolyzed porcine pancreas glands. ABFour active forms of chymotrypsin C (C1, C2A, C2B, and C3) were isolated from the autolyzed porcine pancreas glands. Their molecular weights were estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 29 100 for C1, 26 300 for C2A and C3, and 25 500 for C2B. The kinetic analyses of esterase activity of the enzymes toward Ac-LLeu-OEt and Ac-LPhe-OEt showed that chymotrypsin C1 hydrolyzed the two substrates more efficiently than did chymotrypsin C3. Chymotrypsin C1 consisted of chain A (H-Cys-...-Asn-OH, Mr 886) and chain BC (H-Val-...-Lys-OH, Mr 28 200). Chymotrypsin C3 consisted of the two components of C3L and C3S that could be dissociated in the presence of 2.3% SDS. C3L consisted of the chain A and the chain C (H-Ser-...-Lys-OH, Mr 13 600). C3S was the chain B (H-Val-...-Lys-OH, Mr 11 800). These kinetic and chemical analyses show that chymotrypsins C1 and C3 correspond to chymotrypsin A delta and A alpha, respectively. AUIio-Akama K; Sasamoto H; Miyazawa K; Miura S; Tobita T EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p249-56 MJChymotrypsin; Isoenzymes; Pancreas MNAmino Acids /AN; Chemistry; Chymotrypsin /ME; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Esterases /ME; Isoenzymes /ME; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Swine MTAnimal RNEC 2.3.1.43 (Lecithin Acyltransferase); 0 (apolipoprotein A-IV); 0 (apolipoprotein E-3); 0 (apolipoprotein E-4) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000659 TIActivation of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase by apolipoproteins E-2, E-3, and A-IV isolated from human plasma. ABApolipoprotein A-IV, apolipoprotein E-2 and apolipoprotein E-3 were individually incorporated into defined phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes for study of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activation. Enzyme activities obtained with these liposomes were compared with that from liposomes containing purified apolipoprotein A-I. Apolipoprotein A-IV, apolipoprotein E-2, and apolipoprotein E-3 all activated lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. With purified enzyme and with egg yolk phosphatidylcholine as the acyl donor, maximal activation was obtained at a concentration of approximately 0.5 nmol for apolipoprotein A-IV and 0.4 nmol for the apolipoprotein E isoforms. Apolipoprotein A-IV was approximately 25% as efficient as apolipoprotein A-I for the activation of purified enzyme; apolipoprotein E-2 was 40% as efficient, and apolipoprotein E-3, 30%. Similar activation results were obtained using plasma as the enzyme source. Analysis of the plasma of patients with absence of apolipoprotein A-I or with only trace amounts of apolipoprotein A-I exhibited a reduced rate of cholesterol esterification and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity that was proportional to the reduced level of the enzyme's mass. These results indicate that apolipoprotein A-IV and apolipoprotein E may serve as physiological cofactors for the enzyme reaction. AUChen CH; Albers JJ EM8601 IDHL 30086 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p279-85 MJApolipoproteins; Lecithin Acyltransferase MNApolipoproteins A /BL; Apolipoproteins E /BL; Apolipoproteins /PD; Enzyme Activation; Kinetics; Phosphatidylcholines MTComparative Study; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1.34 (Lipoprotein Lipase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000660 TIMonoclonal antibodies to avian lipoprotein lipase. Purification of the enzyme by immunoaffinity chromatography. ABThree monoclonal antibodies to avian lipoprotein lipase have been isolated by fusing spleen cells from immunized BALB/c mice with myeloma P3X-63 Ag 8. The antibodies were detected by their ability to bind immobilized lipoprotein lipase in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by immunoprecipitation of purified enzyme in the presence of second (rabbit anti-mouse) antibodies. Two of these antibodies, CAL1-7 and CAL1-11, inhibited catalytic activity, whereas with CAL1-2 interaction with lipoprotein lipase could be demonstrated only in ELISA and in Western blot assays following denaturation of the enzyme with sodium dodecyl sulfate. An immunoadsorbent column was prepared by coupling immunopurified CAL1-11 to Sepharose-4B. When acetone powder extracts of adipose tissue were applied on the column, 70% of the catalytic activity bound to the matrix. Effective elution was achieved with 1.8 M NaCl, 40% glycerol, 5% acetone, 20 mM Chaps (3[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]propanesulfonate), 0.5 mM EDTA, 1 mM phosphate (pH 6.5). After concentration of the active fractions on a heparin-Sepharose 4B column, the purified enzyme was obtained with an overall recovery of 25%. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrates that the preparation is homogeneous with a major band at Mr 60900. Thus, avian adipose lipoprotein lipase has been purified by a one-step immunoaffinity followed by a concentrating step on heparin-Sepharose 4B. AUGershenwald JE; Bensadoun A; Saluja A EM8601 IDHL-14990; HL-24873 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p286-95 MJLipoprotein Lipase /IP MNAntibodies, Monoclonal; Birds; Chromatography, Affinity /MT; Kinetics; Lipoprotein Lipase /IM /ME; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Molecular Weight MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000661 TIMacrophage interaction with very-low-density lipoproteins results in triacylglycerol-enriched smooth muscle cells. ABMacrophage-conditioned medium containing very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and its effects on smooth muscle cell triacylglycerol metabolism was investigated. Macrophages exposed to VLDL from normolipemic rats accumulated high levels of intracellular triacylglycerol, while similarly treated smooth muscle cells showed only slight changes. Medium, initially composed of VLDL and albumin, contained substantial levels of free fatty acids after exposure to macrophages. In the presence of albumin, the loss of VLDL triacylglycerol from the medium and the appearance of medium free fatty acids was consistent with a precursor-product relationship. The extent of medium fatty acid accumulation was dependent on the length of time of incubation with macrophages and was proportional to the concentration of VLDL and albumin added to the culture dish. This macrophage-conditioned medium, when given to smooth muscle cells, promoted a 6-12-fold increase in smooth muscle cell triacylglycerol levels over that produced by fresh VLDL and albumin. Similar increases in cell triacylglycerol levels could be produced using fresh medium approximating the oleate concentration and the fatty acid to albumin molar ratios found in macrophage-conditioned medium. In macrophage-conditioned medium with VLDL but without albumin, little free fatty acid was found. Other factors produced by macrophages did not seem to affect the metabolism of VLDL by smooth muscle cells since, in the absence of albumin, media with VLDL caused comparable responses in smooth muscle cell triacylglycerol accumulation whether or not the medium was previously exposed to macrophages. Thus, the minor changes in triacylglycerol content in smooth muscle cells promoted by medium containing VLDL and albumin were substantially enhanced by a prior exposure of the medium to macrophages, primarily due to the free fatty acids present in the macrophage-conditioned medium. AUBergstraesser LM; Bates SR EM8601 IDHL-27005; HL-15062 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p296-305 MJAorta, Thoracic; Lipoproteins, VLDL; Macrophages; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Triglycerides MNCells, Cultured; Culture Media; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified /ME; Fatty Acids /ME; Kinetics; Macaca mulatta; Mice MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000662 TIThe time-course of lipid biosynthesis in horse skin. ABTo observe the time-course of formation of sebaceous lipids in the horse, skin was pulse-labelled in vivo by intradermal injection of [1-14C]acetate and the injection sites were harvested at intervals for up to 12 days by skin punch biopsy. The distribution of radioactivity among the major neutral lipid classes and the phospholipids from these biopsies showed that, soon after pulse-labelling, the phospholipids were highly labelled followed by a long-term decrease in radioactivity. Over the same period, the low initial labelling of the dominant component, the equolides (giant ring omega-lactones, C32-C36), was followed by a long-term increase in radioactivity. This suggests a post-pulse transferance of radioactivity from the phospholipids to the equolides, presumably in the fatty acids. Of the phospholipid fatty acids from horse dermis, including sebaceous glands, 33% were found to contain iso-branched structures unique to horse sebaceous lipids. Of the iso-branched fatty acids, 40% were delta 9-18:1 and delta 9- and delta 11-20:1 acids, which are structurally appropriate to be precursors for the monounsaturated equolides. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that the sebaceous phospholipids of horse skin serve as long-term lipid intermediates in the biosynthesis of the equolides during sebaceous cell development. AUColton SW 6th; Downing DT EM8601 IDAM22083 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p306-11 MJLipids; Skin /ME MNAcetates /ME; Biopsy; Carbon Radioisotopes; Horses; Kinetics; Skin /CY; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.- (Phospholipases); EC 3.1.1.- (Phospholipases A) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000663 TISecretion of phospholipase A1 by bone marrow-derived macrophages. ABBone marrow-derived macrophages contain phospholipase activity of the A1 and A2 types, active at acid or neutral pH and with different specificities for the fatty acid to be liberated. In contrast to this variety, only one single phospholipase could be detected in extracellular fluids of these cells. Surprisingly, this phospholipase was of the A1 type and active at about pH 8. It exhibited a restricted substrate specificity in that, of the various substrates tested, only phosphatidylcholine containing palmitic acid in position 2 was degraded. This total restriction was not detected with phosphatidylethanolamine substrates. In addition to phospholipase A1, extracellular fluids exhibited lipase activity. A modulation of enzyme secretion could not be achieved by lymphokines or phorbol esters. However, release could be blocked by treating cells with cycloheximide (5 micrograms/ml) or tunicamycin (0.5 micrograms/ml). Phospholipase A1 was also released by thioglycollate-induced peritoneal macrophages. AUSchmidt B; Hansen K; Ferber E EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p312-20 MJBone Marrow; Macrophages; Phospholipases A /SE; Phospholipases MNCarbon Radioisotopes; Cells, Cultured; Kinetics; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Phospholipases A /ME; Substrate Specificity MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN150-97-0 (Mevalonic Acid); 503-48-0 (mevalonolactone); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000664 TIThe availability of different sources of cholesterol for bile acid synthesis by cultured chick embryo hepatocytes. ABThe availability of different sources of cholesterol for bile acid synthesis by cultured chick embryo hepatocytes was studied. Mevalonolactone was taken up by the cells and converted to cholesterol, cholesterol ester and tauroconjugates of bile acids. The addition of mevalonolactone had little effect on the conversion of endogenous cholesterol to taurocholic acid; however, taurochenodeoxycholic acid synthesis was stimulated. 25-30% of the cholesterol synthesized from mevalonolactone was converted to taurochenodeoxycholic, taurocholic and two so-far unidentified bile acids. All bile acids were secreted into the incubation medium. When cholesterol was added as mixed liposomes with phosphatidylcholine, it was taken up by the cells and converted to bile acids. At low concentrations of liposomes, the greater part of the cholesterol which was taken up by the cells was converted to bile acids. At higher concentrations, considerable amounts of cholesterol and cholesterol ester accumulated inside the cells. When mevalonolactone and cholesterol liposomes was added together, both substrates were used simultaneously for bile acids synthesis. HDL cholesterol was the best substrate tested, yielding large amounts of two, so-far, unidentified bile acids (possibly allo-bile acids) and smaller amounts of taurocholic and taurochenodeoxycholic acid. Addition of HDL suppressed the conversion of endogenous cholesterol to taurocholic acid; taurochenodeoxycholic acid synthesis, however, was stimulated. AUHerscovitz H; Tietz A EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p321-34 MJBile Acids and Salts; Cholesterol; Liver MNAcetates /ME; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Kinetics; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol /ME; Liposomes; Mevalonic Acid /AA /ME; Phosphatidylcholines MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000666 TIThe sites of degradation of purified rat low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein in the rat. ABLow density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein were isolated from rat serum by sequential ultracentrifugation in the density intervals 1.025-1.050 g/ml and 1.125-1.21 g/ml, respectively. The isolated lipoproteins were radioiodinated using ICl. Low density lipoprotein was further purified by concanavalin A affinity chromatography and concentrated by ultracentrifugation. 95% of the purified low density lipoprotein radioactivity was precipitable by tetramethylurea, while only 4% was associated with lipids. The radioiodinated high density lipoprotein was incubated for 1 h at 4 degrees C with unlabelled very low density lipoprotein, followed by reisolation by sequential ultracentrifugation. Only 3% of the radioactivity was associated with lipids and 90% was present on apolipoprotein A-I. The serum decay curves of labelled and subsequently purified rat low and high density lipoprotein, measured over a period of 28 h, clearly exhibited more than one component, in contrast to the monoexponential decay curves of iodinated human low density lipoprotein. The decay curves were not affected by the methods used to purify the LDL and HDL preparations. The catabolic sites of the labelled rat lipoproteins were analyzed in vivo using leupeptin-treated rats. In vivo treatment of rats with leupeptin did not affect the rate of disappearance from serum of intravenously injected labelled rat low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein. Leupeptin-dependent accumulation of radioiodine occurred almost exclusively in the liver after intravenous injection of iodinated low density lipoprotein, while both the liver and the kidneys showed leupeptin-dependent accumulation of radioactivity after injection of iodinated high density lipoprotein. AUvan't Hooft FM; van Tol A EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p344-53 MJLipoproteins, HDL; Lipoproteins, LDL MNChromatography, Affinity; Iodine Radioisotopes; Kinetics; Lipoproteins, HDL /IP; Lipoproteins, LDL /IP; Pregnancy; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1191-85-1 (5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid); 1553-41-9 (5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000667 TIEffect of culture in vitro with eicosatetraenoic (20:4(n-6) ) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5(n-3) ) acids on fatty acid composition, prostaglandin synthesis and chemiluminescence of rat peritoneal macrophages. ABRat peritoneal macrophages were cultured in either eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4(n-6) ) or eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5(n-3) ) and the effects on phospholipid fatty acids, prostaglandin synthesizing capacity and the ability of the macrophages to show chemiluminescence were examined. Chemiluminescence is an activity resulting from the synthesis of reactive oxygen species. It has been reported that prostaglandins inhibit this activity. The fatty acid profile of the four major phospholipids reflected the fatty acid component of the medium. Macrophages cultured in 20:4(n-6) synthesized twice the prostaglandin produced by controls and those cultured in 20:5(n-3) synthesized 10% that of controls and 5% that of 20:4(n-6)-cultured cells. Macrophages cultured with 20:4(n-6) for 12 h showed half the chemiluminescence of those cultured with 20:5(n-3), while those cultured with 20:4(n-6) for 24 h showed 10% the chemiluminescence of 20:5(n-3)-cultured cells. Addition of the prostaglandin synthase inhibitor, indomethacin, had no effect on chemiluminescence. AUMagrum LJ; Johnston PV EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p354-60 MJ5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid; 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fatty Acids; Macrophages /ME; Prostaglandins MNCells, Cultured; Culture Media; Luminescence; Macrophages /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000668 TIOpsonized bacteria stimulate leukotriene synthesis in human leukocytes. ABIncubation of human leukocytes with opsonized bacteria led to leukotriene formation. The main products identified were leukotriene B4, 20-OH leukotriene B4 and 20-COOH leukotriene B4. A lesser amount of leukotriene C4 was formed. In contrast, only minor amounts of leukotrienes were formed by leukocytes challenged with uncoated bacteria. However, both opsonized and unopsonized bacteria stimulated the synthesis of 5S,12S-DHETE and 5S,12S,20-THETE. Opsonized bacteria caused a transient elevation of leukotriene B4 levels, with a maximum after 5 min. After 20 min of incubation the levels of 20-OH leukotriene B4, and 20-COOH leukotriene B4 were 7- and 20-times higher than those of leukotriene B4, showing that the leukocytes effectively degrade leukotriene B4 via omega-oxidation. In the light of the profound biological effects of leukotrienes, the present report indicates that leukotriene formation induced by opsonized bacteria might be important in the host defense against microorganisms. AUClaesson HE; Lindgren JA; Gustafsson B EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p361-7 MJLeukocytes; Leukotrienes B /BL MNChromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Immune Sera; Kinetics; Leukotrienes B /BI /IP; Proteus Vulgaris; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 83-45-4 (stigmastanol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000669 TIThe presence of 5 alpha-sitostanol in the serum of a patient with phytosterolemia, and its biosynthesis from plant steroids in rats with bile fistula. ABThe presence of 5 alpha-sitostanol (24-ethyl-5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol) in serum of a patient with the rare genetic disease phytosterolemia was confirmed. This study aimed at clarifying the pathway(s) for the formation of 5 alpha-sitostanol, by use of rats with bile fistula. 5 alpha-Sitostanol was formed only slowly from sitosterol, but readily from 24-ethyl-4-cholesten-3-one. Some conversion was also obtained with 7 alpha-hydroxysitosterol as precursor. In view of the low rate of 7 alpha-hydroxylation of sitosterol, however, a pathway from sitosterol to 5 alpha-sitostanol involving 7 alpha-hydroxysitosterol as intermediate is probably of small physiological importance. Intestinal microorganisms are not essential for the above conversions, since the 5 alpha-sitostanol was found in bile from bile fistula rats. 5 alpha-Sitostanol was converted to water soluble metabolites (bile acids) much more slowly than was cholestanol (5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol), and was accumulated serum to a much larger extent. AUSkrede B; Bjorkhem I ; Bergesen O; Kayden HJ; Skrede S EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p368-75 MJBiliary Fistula; Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Sitosterols /BL MNAdolescence; Bile /ME; Carbon Radioisotopes; Kinetics; Liver /ME; Plants; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sitosterols /BI; Spectrum Analysis, Mass; Steroids /ME; Tritium MTAnimal; Case Report; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.3.1.43 (Lecithin Acyltransferase); 50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000670 TITriacylglycerol increase in plasma very low density lipoproteins in cyclophosphamide-treated rabbit: relationship with cholesteryl ester transfer activity. ABWe have studied the cholesteryl ester transfer between HDL and VLDL in cyclophosphamide-treated rabbits, in order to explain the abnormal cholesteryl ester partition between these two lipoprotein classes. The hypertriglyceridemia caused by treatment with the drug was associated with cholesteryl ester- and triacylglycerol-rich VLDL and with HDL poor in esterified cholesterol but relatively enriched in triacylglycerol. These two lipoprotein classes were characterized by their chemical composition and by gel filtration chromatography. VLDL particles were slightly larger in size, compared with controls. Different transfer combinations were envisaged between these abnormal lipoproteins and control ones. The transfer study involved the plasma fraction of d greater than 1.21 g/ml containing the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). It appeared that the chemical composition of lipoproteins was responsible for the level of cholesteryl ester transfer between lipoproteins. Actually, when the cholesteryl ester acceptor lipoproteins (VLDL) were enriched in triacylglycerol, the transfer was enhanced. Therefore, the effect of lipolysis on the transfer has also been explored. Lipoprotein lipase seemed to enhance the transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to VLDL when these lipoproteins were normal, but an important decline was obtained when triacylglycerol-rich VLDL were lipolyzed. This study defines the relationship between lipoprotein chemical composition and transfer activity of cholesteryl ester from HDL to VLDL. AULoudet AM; Dousset N; Perret B; Ierides M; Carton M; Douste-Blazy L EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p376-84 MJCholesterol Esters; Cyclophosphamide; Lipoproteins, HDL; Lipoproteins, VLDL; Triglycerides MNCarbon Radioisotopes; Kinetics; Lecithin Acyltransferase /ME; Rabbits MTAnimal; Male RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000671 TICholesterol can stimulate secretion of apolipoprotein B by cultured human hepatocytes. ABDuring a 5 day cultivation of human hepatocytes in a primary culture the secretion of apolipoprotein B was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Density-gradient ultracentrifugation demonstrated that the majority of the secreted apolipoprotein B was associated with the very-low-density lipoprotein fraction. Exposure of the cells to cholesterol (5-100 micrograms/ml) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in apolipoprotein B secretion rate. AUKosykh VA; Preobrazhensky SN; Fuki IV; Zaikina OE; Tsibulsky VP; Repin VS; Smirnov VN EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p385-9 MJApolipoproteins B; Cholesterol; Liver /SE MNAdult; Cells, Cultured; Child, Preschool; Child; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Infant; Kinetics; Liver /CY /DE MTHuman RN8001-22-7 (soybean oil) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000672 TIEffect of age on the modification of rat plasma lipids by fish and soybean oil diets. ABThe effects of sardine and soybean oils on plasma lipids have been studied in young and aged rats. Plasma cholesterol and bile acids of aged rats fed on a sardine oil diet decreased to a greater degree than those of young rats. Cholesterol, bile acids and phospholipids of the soybean oil diet group decreased only in aged rats. Increases in plasma eicosapentaenoic (sardine) and linoleic (soybean) acid levels of aged rats were observed to be greater than those of young rats. These results indicate that the age enhances the effects of fish and soybean oils on plasma lipids by suppressing their characteristic fatty acid metabolism. AUSuzuki H; Hayakawa S; Tamura S; Wada S; Wada O EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p390-3 MJDietary Fats; Fish Oils; Lipids; Oils MNAging; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Soybeans MTAnimal; Male RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000673 TIAge-associated changes in rat plasma lipids, platelet fatty acids and prostacyclin release. ABThe effect of age on plasma lipids, platelet fatty acids and prostacyclin release was studied in the rat. The contents of arachidonic acid, cholesterol, bile acids and free fatty acids in the plasma of aged rats (15 months old) were higher than those of young rats (3 months old). No significant differences in fatty acid composition of platelet lipids and release of prostacyclin from aortas between young and aged rats were observed. The data suggest that plasma lipids may play a more important role in the development of cardiovascular disease with increasing age than prostaglandins do. AUSuzuki H; Kobayashi T; Hayakawa S; Wada O EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p394-6 MJBlood Platelets; Fatty Acids; Lipids; Prostaglandins X MNAging; Bile Acids and Salts /BL; Blood Platelets /SE; Cholesterol /BL; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified /BL; Phospholipids /BL; Prostaglandins X /SE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Triglycerides /BL MTAnimal; Male RN50-76-0 (Dactinomycin); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 66-81-9 (Cycloheximide) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000674 TIAndrogen receptor dynamics in the rat ventral prostate. ABUpon testosterone administration, a dose-dependent cytosolic depletion and nuclear accumulation of androgen receptors in the ventral prostate of 1-day-castrated male rats is observed. Replenishment in the cytosol is rapid with a return to control levels 3 h after testosterone stimulation. The process of nuclear retention (as measured 4-6 h post-injection) is both dose-dependent and time-dependent (there is no retention of the androgen receptor 15 h after testosterone). When assayed 1 h after testosterone, the increase in nuclear binding sites was not sufficient to conclude that the disappearance of cytosolic binding sites could be accounted for by translocation of cytosolic receptors to the nucleus. The cytosolic compartment contained more than 70% of the total cellular receptors whether testosterone was present (in the range 50-400 micrograms/100 g body wt.) or not. Nuclear processing of androgen receptors is extensive and it is dose-dependent. Turnover of prostatic androgen receptors was studied simultaneously in the cytosolic, microsomal and nuclear compartments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after testosterone administration. Cytosolic and microsomal depletion-replenishment patterns are similar, displaying a nadir after 1 h and a full replenishment 3-4 h post-testosterone. Cycloheximide, but not actinomycin D, inhibits cytosolic and microsomal replenishment. Nuclear accumulation and retention of androgen receptors is insensitive to both drugs. The very rapid and RNA synthesis-independent turnover of androgen receptors in the ventral prostate suggests that testosterone regulates the receptor levels acutely by both a rapid post-transcriptional positive action and a similarly rapid negative effect on nuclear receptor half-life. AUSteinsapir J; Evans AC Jr; Bryhan M; Muldoon TG EM8601 IDAM32046 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p1-11 MJProstate; Receptors, Androgen; Testosterone MNCell Nucleus /ME; Cycloheximide /PD; Cytosol /ME; Dactinomycin /PD; Kinetics; Microsomes /ME; Proteins /BI; RNA /BI; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN11002-13-4 (Angiotensinogen); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000675 TIImmunochemical studies on biosynthesis of rat plasma angiotensinogen and its regulation by cortisol. ABGlucocorticosteroid hormones increase the level of rat plasma angiotensinogen by increasing its rate of synthesis. Two forms of plasma angiotensinogen have been purified differing with respect to molecular weight and affinity to concanavalin A. Immunochemical studies using antibodies raised against the separated forms of angiotensinogen revealed cross-reactivity with both antigens. Both antibodies were able to quantitatively precipitate the angiotensinogen activity present in rat serum samples. Cortisol increased the total amount of plasma renin substrate without changing the relative amounts of both angiotensinogen forms. mRNA coding for plasma angiotensinogen was determined by in vitro translation of poly(A)-containing RNA and immunochemical analysis of translation products. Angiotensinogen mRNA could be detected in total poly(A)-containing RNA isolated from rat liver, but not in mRNA isolated from brain, although angiotensinogen has been reported to be present in the latter organ. The level of hepatic mRNA coding for plasma angiotensinogen was high in rats treated with cortisol, but not detectable in animals depleted from endogenous glucocorticosteroids by bilateral adrenalectomy. AUVoigt J; Koster H EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p100-7 MJAngiotensinogen; Angiotensins; Hydrocortisone MNAngiotensinogen /BL /IM; Antibody Specificity; Cloning, Molecular; Liver /ME; Molecular Weight; RNA, Messenger /GE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Translation, Genetic MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (mannose receptor); 25895-60-7 (sodium cyanoborohydride); 7790-28-5 (sodium metaperiodate); 9009-86-3 (Ricin) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000676 TIModification of the carbohydrate in ricin with metaperiodate and cyanoborohydride mixtures: effect on binding, uptake and toxicity to parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells of rat liver. ABThe carbohydrate in the toxic glycoprotein ricin was chemically modified by simultaneous treatment with sodium metaperiodate and sodium cyanoborohydride. This treatment causes oxidative cleavage of the sugar residues and reduction of the aldehyde groups which are formed to primary alcohols. The modification markedly decreased the rapid removal of ricin from the blood by hepatic non-parenchymal cells with only a relatively small increase in accumulation of the toxin by parenchymal cells. Binding, uptake and toxicity of the modified ricin in primary monolayer cultures of hepatic non-parenchymal cells were all decreased to a much greater extent than in parenchymal cells. The results indicate that native ricin binds to non-parenchymal cells by a dual recognition process which involves both interaction of cell receptors with the mannose-containing oligosaccharides of the toxin and binding of ricin to galactose-containing glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cells. However, uptake and toxicity of native ricin in non-parenchymal cells appears to result principally from entry of the toxin through the mannose recognition pathway. By contrast, uptake and toxicity of the expressed essentially through the galactose-recognition route. AUSkilleter DN; Price RJ; Thorpe PE EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p12-21 MJLiver /ME; Ricin MNBiological Transport; Borohydrides; Carbohydrates; Chemistry; Liver /CY; Periodic Acids; Proteins /BI; Rats; Receptors, Immunologic /ME; Ricin /ME /TO; Structure-Activity Relationship MTAnimal RNEC 1.11.1. (Peroxidases); EC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase); EC 1.11.1.- (Lactoperoxidase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000677 TIThe transformation of chlorophenols by lactoperoxidase. ABThe lactoperoxidase-catalyzed transformations of penta-,2,3,4,6-tetra-, 2,4,6-tri-, 2,4-di- and 4-monochlorophenol were followed spectrophotometrically. Apparent stoichiometries of chlorophenol:H2O2 ranged from 1:1 for the tri- and tetrachlorophenol at pH7 to 5:2 for pentachlorophenol at pH 4. The initial velocity (v0) was only slightly influenced by changes in [H2O2] greater then 5 microns. v0 responded to [chlorophenol] according to the empirical expression v0=[lactoperoxidase] . (k1[chlorophenol] + k2[chlorophenol]2). The constant k1 was trichlorophenol, respectively, at pH 7. With the di- and monochlorophenol the solution soon became opaque, and the reaction ceased. The results show that more than one reaction occurs. Some comparisons were also made with horseradish peroxidase A and C. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide prevented opaqueness, but was shown to be a substrate for lactoperoxidase. Assuming an average concentration of 0.1 microns for H2O2 and pentachlorophenol in man, the metabolic rate becomes 30 ng/h per g of peroxidase-containing tissue, possibly with deposition of the products. AUOberg LG; Paul KG EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p30-8 MJChlorophenols; Lactoperoxidase; Peroxidases MNBiotransformation; Horseradish Peroxidase /ME; Kinetics; Oxidation-Reduction; Spectrum Analysis; Structure-Activity Relationship MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (lipopeptidophosphoglycan) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000678 TIComparative compositions of cell surface glycoconjugates isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. ABCell surface glycoconjugates of epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi have been isolated and analyzed to give their amino acid and carbohydrate compositions. Those which have been investigated are a complex of three closely associated glycoproteins, GP24, GP31, GP37, and a lipopeptidophosphoglycan. The GP24-GP31-GP37 complex has an unusual amino acid composition with very low levels of hydrophobic amino acids, it contains 56% (w/w) carbohydrate, with mannose, galactose and glucosamine (presumably N-acetyl) being present in approximately equal quantities. The lipopeptidophosphoglycan also has low levels of hydrophobic amino acids and contains equal levels of mannose and galactose together with lesser amounts of (N-acetyl) glucosamine. The glycoconjugates are contrasted and compared with two other previously characterised cell surface glycoproteins (GP25 and GP72) from T. cruzi. AUFerguson MA; Snary D; Allen AK EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p39-44 MJGlycoproteins; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Trypanosoma Cruzi MNAmino Acids /AN; Carbohydrates /AN; Macromolecular Systems /AN; Molecular Weight; Trypanosoma Cruzi /GD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.- (complement 1 q); EC 3.- (Complement Activating Enzymes); 1074-12-0 (Phenylglyoxal); 7004-12-8 (Arginine); 765-87-7 (1,2-cyclohexanedione) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000679 TIEvidence for arginine residues in the immunoglobulin-binding sites of human Clq. ABThe immune complex binding activity of human Clq was lost following treatment of the protein with the arginine-selective reagents cyclohexane 1,2-dione and phenylglyoxal. Both inactivations followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The affinity of Clq for immune complexes was reduced 7-fold following cyclohexane-1,2-dione treatment, and could be substantially restored by treatment of the modified protein with hydroxylamine. Heat-aggregated IgG protected Clq against inactivation by both reagents. Incorporation of 25 molecules of [7-14C]phenylglyoxal per Clq molecule completely inactivated the protein. These data are consistent with the presence of arginyl residues in the immunoglobulin recognition sites of human Clq. AUComis A; Easterbrook-Smith SB EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p45-51 MJAntigen-Antibody Complex; Arginine /ME; Complement Activating Enzymes /ME MNArginine /AI; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Buffers; Complement Activating Enzymes /AI; Cyclohexanones /DU /PD; Kinetics; Phenylglyoxal /DU /PD MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.5.1 (Phosphoglucomutase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000680 TIInhibition of phosphoglucomutase by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. ABFructose 2,6-bisphosphate inhibits phosphoglucomutase. The inhibition is mixed with respect to glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and non-competitive with respect to glucose 1-phosphate. In contrast with fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate, which also possess inhibitory effect, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate does not phosphorylate phosphoglucomutase. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate preparations contain contaminants which can explain artefactual results previously reported. AUBartrons R; Carreras M; Climent F; Carreras J EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p52-5 MJFructosediphosphates; Hexosediphosphates; Phosphoglucomutase MNDiphosphoglyceric Acids /PD; Glucosephosphates /PD; Kinetics; Muscles /EN; Rabbits; Structure-Activity Relationship MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.5.1 (Phosphoglucomutase); EC 3.1.3. (Phosphomonoesterases); EC 3.1.3.13 (bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase); 13760-29-7 (Tetrathionic Acid); 820-11-1 (3-phosphoglycerate) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000681 TIPurification of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate synthase-phosphatase from pig skeletal muscle. ABTwo enzymes which possess 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate synthase, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase and phosphoglycerate mutase activities have been purified from pig skeletal muscle. One of the enzymes corresponds to type M phosphoglycerate mutase. The other enzyme shows properties similar to those of the 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate synthase-phosphatase present in mammalian erythrocytes. The erythrocyte and the muscle enzyme possess the same molecular (56 000) and subunit (27 000) weights. The synthase, phosphatase and mutase activity ratio is similar in both enzymes, and they are affected by the same inhibitor (glycerate 3-P) and activators (glycolate 2-P, pyrophosphate, sulfite and bisulfite). AUPons G; Carreras J EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p56-61 MJPhosphoglucomutase; Phosphomonoesterases MNEnzyme Activation; Glyceric Acids /PD; Macromolecular Systems; Molecular Weight; Muscles /EN; Sulfites /PD; Swine; Tetrathionic Acid /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.22.- (thiol proteinases); EC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase); 66701-25-5 (E-64); 7005-03-0 (Leucine); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000682 TIEffect of calcium on protein composition of human platelet cytoskeletons. ABTriton X-100 residues (cytoskeletons) of human platelets were prepared in the presence of various concentrations of free calcium (Ca2+), and the polypeptide composition and ATPase activity were examined. Triton residues prepared in the presence of Ca2+ concentrations below 2 X 10(-7) M were composed primarily of polypeptides with an apparent molecular mass of 43 (actin), 105 (alpha-actinin-like protein) and 250 (actin-binding protein) kDa and showed low K+-EDTA-ATPase activity. When Triton residues were prepared at Ca2+ above 5 X 10(-7) M, a 200 kDa polypeptide (myosin heavy chain) and K+-EDTA-ATPase activity increased markedly, but actin-binding protein and alpha-actinin-like protein decreased. When N-(N-(L-3-trans-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)-L-leucyl)agmatine, an inhibitor for Ca2+-dependent proteinase, was added to Triton lysis buffer containing high Ca2+, polypeptides of 250, 235 and 105 kDa remained associated with the residues. Under electron microscopic analysis, the treatment of platelets with Triton X-100 at low Ca2+ showed a network of microfilaments. When platelets were treated with high Ca2+, the microfilaments were disrupted and a few thick filaments and many granules appeared. However, when the inhibitor for Ca2+-proteinase was included in Triton lysis buffer, the microfilaments remained intact. These results suggested that an increase in Ca2+ concentration to more than 5 X 10(-7) M not only makes myosin associate with cytoskeletons but also regulates the organization of filamentous structures. AUYoshida K; Kimura H EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p62-9 MJBlood Platelets; Calcium; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Cytoskeleton MNAdenosine Triphosphatase /ME; Cytoskeleton /UL; Leucine /AA /PD; Peptide Peptidohydrolases /AI; Polyethylene Glycols /DU MTHuman RNEC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride); 9013-26-7 (Actomyosin) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000683 TIThe influence of caldesmon on ATPase activity of the skeletal muscle actomyosin and bundling of actin filaments. ABChicken gizzard caldesmon causes up to 40% inhibition of Mg2+-ATPase activity of rabbit skeletal muscle actomyosin. In the presence of chicken gizzard tropomyosin this inhibition is significantly increased, reaching a maximum (around 80%) at a molar ratio of caldesmon to actin monomer of 1 to 10-13. The inhibition of actomyosin ATPase takes place over a wide pH range (from 6.0 to 8.0) but is decreased with an increase in KCl and MgCl2 concentrations. Caldesmon, in the range of caldesmon/ actin ratios within which it inhibits actomyosin ATPase, forms bundles of parallelly aligned actin filaments. Calmodulin in the presence of Ca2+ dissociates these bundles and restrains the inhibition of actomyosin ATPase, provided that it is used at a high molar excess over caldesmon. AUDabrowska R ; Goch A; Galazkiewicz B ; Osinska H EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p70-5 MJActomyosin; Adenosine Triphosphatase; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; Calmodulin MNChickens; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Magnesium /PD; Microfilament Proteins /ME; Microfilaments /UL; Potassium Chloride /PD; Rabbits; Tropomyosin /ME MTAnimal RN15958-92-6 (bradykinin, 9-des-Arg-); 16875-11-9 (bradykinin, 1-des-Arg-); 58-82-2 (Bradykinin) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000684 TIMonoclonal antibodies to bradykinin inhibit smooth muscle contractile action of bradykinin. ABFour hybridoma cell lines have been established that secrete monoclonal antibodies to nonapeptide bradykinin. Bradykinin coupled to ovalbumin, using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide as coupling agent, was used to immunize BALB/c mice. Spleen cells from the immunized animals were fused to P3-X63-AG8-653 mouse myeloma cells. The resultant hybrid cells were screened by enzyme-linked immunoassay for production of antibodies to bradykinin. Hybrids from four positive wells were subcloned by limiting dilution and expanded as ascites tumor into pristane-primed mice. All the four hybrids secreted monoclonal antibodies of IgG1 (k) isotype. Unlabeled peptides bradykinin, lysyl-bradykinin (kallidin) and methionyl-lysyl-bradykinin competed with the radiolabeled [Tyr1]kallidin for monoclonal antibody binding sites. These antibodies recognized preferentially either NH2- or COOH-terminals of the nonapeptide bradykinin and can distinguish between des-Arg1-bradykinin and des-Arg9-bradykinin. Bradykinin fragments smaller than eight residues were not recognized by these antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies BK-D6A5, BK-B6C9 and BK-A3D9 neutralized the smooth muscle contractile activity of bradykinin. An enzyme-linked immunoassay developed using these monoclonal antibodies showed the effective range of bradykinin determination between 5 and 150 ng. AUBedi GS; Back N EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p90-9 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal /IM; Bradykinin /IM MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Antibody Specificity; Bradykinin /AA; Cross Reactions; Immunoenzyme Technics; Kininogens /IM; Mice; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth /PH MTAnimal RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); EC 4.6.1.2 (Guanyl Cyclase); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 7665-99-8 (Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000685 TIcAMP activates adenylate and guanylate cyclase of Dictyostelium discoideum cells by binding to different classes of cell-surface receptors. A study with extracellular Ca2+. ABcAMP induces a transient increase of cAMP and cGMP levels in Dictyostelium discoideum cells. Fast binding experiments reveal three types of cAMP-binding site (S, H and L), which have different off-rates (t0.5, 0.7-15 s) and different affinities (Kd, 15-450 nM). A time- and cAMP-concentration-dependent transition of H- to L-sites occurs during the binding reaction (Van Haastert, P.J.M. and De Wit, R.J.W. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 13321-13328). Extracellular Ca2+ had multiple effects on cAMP-binding sites. (i) The number of H + L-sites increased 2.5-fold, while the number of S-sites was not strongly affected. (ii) The Kd of the S-sites was reduced from 16 nM to 5 nM (iii) The conversion of H-sites to L-sites was inhibited up to 80%. The kinetics of the cAMP-induced cAMP accumulation was not strongly altered by Ca2+, but the amount of cAMP produced was inhibited up to 80%. The kinetics of the cAMP-induced cGMP accumulation was strongly altered; maximal levels were obtained sooner, and the Ka was reduced from 15 to 3.5 nM cAMP. Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ increased the number of binding sites, all with EC50 = 0.5 mM. The S-sites and the cGMP response were modified by equal Ca2+ concentrations and by higher concentrations of Mg2+ and Mn2+ (EC50 are respectively 0.4 mM, 2.5 mM and about 25 mM). The conversion of H- to L-sites and the cAMP response were specifically inhibited by Ca2+ with EC50 = 20 microM. It is concluded that cAMP activates guanylate cyclase through the S-sites; adenylate cyclase is activated by the H + L-sites, in which the appearance of the L-sites during the binding reaction represents the coupling of occupied surface cAMP receptors to adenylate cyclase. AUvan Haastert PJ EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p324-33 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /PD; Adenyl Cyclase; Calcium; Dictyostelium /ME; Guanyl Cyclase; Receptors, Cyclic AMP MNAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /ME; Dictyostelium /EN; Enzyme Activation; Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate /PD; Kinetics MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.- (Phospholipases); EC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); 0 (diphtheria toxin receptor); 66-81-9 (Cycloheximide) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000686 TIEvidence that membrane phospholipids and protein are required for binding of diphtheria toxin in Vero cells. ABTreatment with phospholipase C strongly protected monkey kidney (Vero) cells against diphtheria toxin and reduced the ability of the cells to bind 125I-labelled toxin. Treatment with phospholipase D and with trypsin also protected the cells, although to a lesser extent. Phospholipase A2 had no protective effect. Phospholipase C also protected fetal hamster kidney cells against the toxin. After removal of the enzymes, as well as after treatment of the cells with 4-acetamide 4'-isothiocyanostilbene 2,2'-disulfonic acid, diphtheria toxin binding capability was restored slowly, apparently by a process requiring protein synthesis, since cycloheximide blocked the restoration. The data indicate that both phospholipids and protein are involved in the binding sites for diphtheria toxin. AUOlsnes S; Carvajal E; Sundan A; Sandvig K EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p334-41 MJDiphtheria Toxin; Membrane Lipids; Membrane Proteins; Phospholipids; Receptors, Cholinergic /ME MNCell Line; Cercopithecus aethiops; Cycloheximide /PD; Kidney; Kinetics; Phospholipases /PD; Receptors, Cholinergic /DE; Trypsin /PD MTAnimal RNEC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 362-74-3 (Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP); 52665-69-7 (A-23187); 7771-44-0 (arachidonic acid); 83-89-6 (Quinacrine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000687 TIThe role of thrombin in the regulation of the endothelial prostaglandin production. ABProstaglandin synthesis in endothelial cells may be initiated by the addition of exogenous substrate (arachidonic acid) or by addition of thrombin or the CA2+-ionophore A23187, which leads to prostacyclin formation from endogenous substrates. We noticed that endothelial cells produce more than twice the amount of prostacyclin when incubated with thrombin and arachidonic acid together than with arachidonic acid alone. In addition, it was found that the thrombin-induced conversion of endogenous substrates was inhibited by exogenous arachidonic acid. This means that the conversion of exogenous added arachidonic acid to prostacyclin was stimulated by thrombin. This activation of the enzymes involved in prostacyclin synthesis lasted about 5 min and could be inhibited by phospholipase inhibitors such as mepacrine and p-bromophenyl-acylbromide but not by the cAMP analogue dibutyryl cAMP, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid release from cellular phospholipids. These data demonstrate that, in addition to causing release of endogenous substrate, thrombin and the Ca2+-ionophore also activate the enzyme system involved in the further transformation of arachidonic acid. AUde Groot PG; Brinkman HJ; Gonsalves MD; Van Mourik JA EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p342-9 MJProstaglandins; Thrombin; Umbilical Veins MNA-23187 /PD; Arachidonic Acids /ME; Bromobenzenes /PD; Carbon Radioisotopes; Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP /PD; Endothelium /DE /ME; Kinetics; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /ME; Pregnancy; Quinacrine /PD MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.24.3 (Clostridiopeptidase A); 363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000688 TICultured human epidermis cells produce cell-associated interleukin 1-like prostaglandin E2- and collagenase-stimulating factors. ABIn order to identify factors which may regulate the functions of dermal fibroblasts, cell lysates and conditioned media of cultured human epidermal cells were tested on dermal fibroblasts for the stimulation of prostaglandin E2- and collagenase-production. Both prostaglandin E2- and collagenase-stimulating activities appeared during epidermal cell culture: after 2 d they were detected in the cell lysate, and after 4 d of culture they were found also in the conditioned media. Molecular sieving chromatography of epidermal cell lysates led to the detection of two main peaks showing concomitant prostaglandin E2- and collagenase-stimulating activities at Mr approximately equal to 18 000 and Mr approximately equal to 10 000. A single peak of concomitant prostaglandin E2- and collagenase-stimulating activities were seen at Mr approximately equal to 10 000 in the epidermal cell conditioned media. This suggests that the cell-associated concomitant prostaglandin E2- and collagenase-stimulating activities are processed from a common precursor molecule and released. Collagenase-stimulating activity without accompanying prostaglandin E2 was also detected in the range of Mr approximately equal to 30 000-45 000. AUHauser C; Saurat JH; Jaunin F; Sizonenko S; Dayer JM EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p350-5 MJClostridiopeptidase A; Interleukin 1; Prostaglandins E; Skin MNAdolescence; Adult; Cells, Cultured; Child; Fibroblasts /ME; Kinetics; Stimulation, Chemical MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 37589-80-3 (GTPgammaS); 66428-89-5 (Forskolin); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 86-01-1 (Guanosine Triphosphate) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000689 TIStimulation and inhibition of rat basophilic leukemia cell adenylate cyclase by forskolin. ABThe influence of the diterpene, forskolin, was studied on adenylate cyclase activity in membranes of rat basophilic leukemia cells. Forskolin increased basal adenylate cyclase activity maximally 2-fold at 100 microM. However, adenylate cyclase activity stimulated via the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein, Ns, by fluoride and the stable GTP analog, guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), was inhibited by forskolin. Half-maximal and maximal inhibition occurred at about 1 and 10 microM forskolin, respectively. The inhibition occurred without an apparent lag phase, whereas the enzyme stimulation by forskolin was preceded by a considerable lag period. The inhibition was not affected by treating intact cells or membranes with pertussis toxin and proteolytic enzymes, respectively, which have been shown in other cell types to prevent adenylate cyclase inhibition mediated by the guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component, Ni. The forskolin inhibition of the stable GTP analog-activated adenylate cyclase was impaired by increasing the Mg2+ concentration and was reversed into a stimulation by Mn2+. Under optimal inhibitory conditions, forskolin even decreased basal adenylate cyclase activity. Finally, forskolin largely reduced the apparent affinity of the rat basophilic leukemia cell adenylate cyclase for its substrate, MgATP, which reduction resulted in an apparent inhibition at low MgATP concentrations and a loss of the inhibition at higher MgATP concentrations. The data indicate that forskolin can cause both stimulation and inhibition of adenylate cyclase and, furthermore, they suggest that the inhibition may not be mediated by the Ni protein, but may be caused by a direct action of forskolin at the adenylate cyclase catalytic moiety. AUJakobs KH; Watanabe Y EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p356-63 MJAdenyl Cyclase /ME; Forskolin; Leukemia, Experimental MNAdenyl Cyclase /AI; Basophils /EN; Cell Line; Cell Membrane /EN; Enzyme Activation; Guanosine Triphosphate /AA /PD; Kinetics; Magnesium /PD; Rats; Thionucleotides /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 83014-44-2 (Quin2) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000690 TIThe effect of quin2 on chemotaxis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. ABExposure of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes to micromolar concentrations of quin2-AM results in high intracellular concentrations of quin2, which lead to inhibition of chemotaxis. The loading efficiency of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, being the percentage of quin2-AM which is taken up by the cells and transformed intracellularly into quin2, is very high, reaches a maximum after 30 min, is independent of the presence of extracellular Ca2+ and is fairly independent of cell concentration. As a consequence, inhibition of chemotaxis is strongly dependent on experimental conditions: with a low cell density (3 X 10(6)/ml) exposure to 20 microM quin2-AM results in complete inhibition of chemotaxis, whereas the same concentration of quin2-AM is nearly without effect when an 8-fold higher cell concentration is used. Inhibition by quin2 is dependent on extracellular Ca2+; inhibition is more pronounced in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ than in its presence. It is suggested that quin2 inhibits chemotaxis by interference with intracellular Ca2+. AUElferink JG; Deierkauf M EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p364-9 MJAminoquinolines; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Fluorescent Dyes; Neutrophils /PH MNAdenosine Triphosphate /BL; Cell Movement /DE; Kinetics; Neutrophils /CY /DE; Rabbits MTAnimal RN51-45-6 (Histamine); 51-83-2 (Carbachol); 58-15-1 (Aminopyrine); 66428-89-5 (Forskolin); 67-42-5 (EGTA); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000691 TIDifferential effects of extracellular calcium removal and nonspecific effects of Ca2+ antagonists on acid secretory activity in isolated gastric glands. ABThe role of extracellular calcium in the action of the secretagogues, carbachol, histamine and forskolin, on parietal cell HCl secretion was investigated using glands isolated from rabbit gastric mucosa. Omission of calcium from the cellular incubation medium and chelation of a major portion of contaminating calcium with EGTA resulted in a disappearance of the initial transient response to carbachol (as measured by uptake of the weak base, amino[14C]pyrine), but the sustained response to carbachol persisted. Neither histamine nor forskolin-stimulated increase in amino[14C]pyrine uptake were affected by omission of extracellular calcium. Furthermore, the potentiating interactions between histamine and carbachol and between forskolin and carbachol appeared to occur independent of extracellular calcium. Attempts to assess the contribution of intracellular calcium to secretory activity using the Ca2+ antagonists, verapamil, nifedipine, nicardipine and lanthanum, and the putative intracellular Ca2+ antogonist, TMB-8 (3,4,5-trimethyloxybenzoic acid 8-(diethyl-amino)-octyl ester) were unsuccessful. Nifedipine had no effect on secretagogue stimulated amino[14C]pyrine accumulation even at concentration well above the pA2 reported for excitable tissues. Verapamil, nicardipine, lanthanum and TMB-8 all appeared to have nonspecific inhibitory effects on amino [14C]pyrine uptake. From these results we conclude that: (1) parietal cell HCl secretion can occur independent of extracellular Ca2+; (2) influx of extracellular Ca2+ enhances the response to carbachol but has little influence on the secretory response initiated by cAMP-dependent secretagogues; and (3) parietal cell Ca2+ channels have a different molecular configuration than Ca2+ channels in excitable cells. AUChew CS EM8601 IDAM31900 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p370-8 MJCalcium; Exocrine Glands /SE; Gastric Acid; Gastric Juice /SE; Gastric Mucosa MNAminopyrine /DU; Carbachol /PD; Carbon Radioisotopes; EGTA /PD; Exocrine Glands /DE; Forskolin /PD; Gastric Juice /DE; Histamine /PD; Kinetics; Rabbits MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.7. (Phosphotransferases, ATP); EC 2.7.1.68 (diphosphoinositide kinase); 9002-93-1 (Octoxynol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000692 TISubcellular localization and enzymatic properties of rat liver phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase. ABThe phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase activity in rat liver showed a subcellular distribution different from that of phosphatidylinositol kinase. It was preferentially associated with plasma membrane-rich subcellular fractions, while no or minimal activity could be ascribed to mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi membranes or the endoplasmic reticulum. The plasma membrane enzyme phosphorylated endogenous and exogenously added phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate at comparable initial rates. The phosphorylation of endogenous substrate was strongly inhibited by Triton X-100, while the phosphorylation of added substrate was enhanced, suggesting that endogenous phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate was readily available to the enzyme in unperturbed plasma membranes. The total activity of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase in rat liver was only 1/20 that of phosphatidylinositol kinase. The enzyme activity showed an unusually broad pH-optimum in the neutral range. Mg2+ was the preferred divalent cation and Km towards ATP was about 3-fold higher than the corresponding value for phosphatidylinositol kinase. AULundberg GA; Jergil B; Sundler R EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p379-87 MJLiver; Phosphotransferases, ATP /ME MNCell Fractionation; Detergents /PD; Kinetics; Phosphotransferases, ATP /IP; Polyethylene Glycols /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Subcellular Fractions /EN MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-83-2 (Carbachol); 54-11-5 (Nicotine); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000693 TICyclic AMP inhibits secretion from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells evoked by carbamylcholine but not by high K+. ABThe role of cAMP in the control of secretion from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells was examined using the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin. Treatment of chromaffin cells with forskolin resulted in a rise in cAMP levels. Forskolin inhibited catecholamine release elicited by carbamylcholine or nicotine but had no effect on secretion evoked by 55 mM K+. Inhibition of carbamylcholine-stimulated release by forskolin was half-maximal at 10 microM forskolin. The inhibition by forskolin of secretion evoked by carbamylcholine was at a step distal to the rise in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), since this rise was not inhibited by forskolin, which itself produced a small rise in [Ca2+]i. The results suggest that secretion evoked by carbamylcholine is due to the activation of an additional second messenger pathway acting with the rise in [Ca2+]i. This additional pathway may be the target for cAMP action. AUBaker EM; Cheek TR; Burgoyne RD EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p388-93 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Adrenal Medulla /SE; Carbachol; Catecholamines; Chromaffin Granules; Chromaffin System; Potassium MNAdrenal Medulla /DE; Cattle; Kinetics; Nicotine /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN21820-51-9 (phosphotyrosine); 55520-40-6 (Tyrosine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000694 TIObservation of tyrosine-O-phosphate in Drosophila melanogaster larvae by 31P-NMR spectroscopy. AB31P-NMR spectra of intact larvae and pupae of Drosophila melanogaster have been obtained at 109.3 MHz. A major resonance in these samples has been identified as tyrosine-O-phosphate. Its chemical shift reflects the hemolymph plasma pH. Upon disruption of the organisms (necessary for chemical analyses of tyrosine-O-phosphate), phosphatases rapidly hydrolyze this phosphate ester, generating inorganic phosphate and free tyrosine. AUMoore RR; Burt CT; Roberts MF EM8601 IDRR00995 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p394-7 MJDrosophila Melanogaster; Tyrosine MNHydrogen-Ion Concentration; Larva /AN; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Phosphates /AN; Tyrosine /AN MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN154-17-6 (Deoxyglucose); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000695 TIEffects of insulin on glucose metabolism in isolated heart myocytes from adult rats. ABThe study examined the effect of insulin on glucose metabolism in freshly isolated calcium-tolerant heart myocytes from adult rats. The uptake of 2-deoxyglucose demonstrated an initial lag in response to insulin and the maximal insulin effect was not attained until after 3 min preincubation with the hormone. A dose-response study of 14CO2 production from [14C]glucose revealed that the maximum insulin stimulation of glucose utilization occurred with 5 mU/ml. Both the uptake and the oxidation of glucose proceeded at a linear rate in the absence and presence of insulin. However, insulin exerted a greater effect on the uptake (42-54%) than on the oxidation (17-22%) of exogenous glucose. Incorporation of glucose into glycogen was markedly increased by insulin and resulted in the myocyte glycogen concentration returning to in vivo levels. In the absence of insulin, glucose incorporation plateaued within 10 min of incubation and the glycogen concentration was not altered. Our findings also indicate that at equilibrium, insulin-treated cells exhibited a higher glycogen turnover rate. It thus appears that insulin exerts a differential effect on the different pathways in glucose metabolism in the isolated cardiac cells. This may be related in part to their quiescent state and lower energy demand. AUChen V; McDonough KH; Spitzer JJ EM8601 IDHL-23157; HL-07098 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p398-404 MJGlucose; Insulin; Myocardium MNBiological Transport, Active /DE; Carbon Radioisotopes; Deoxyglucose /ME; Glycolysis /DE; Heart /DE; Kinetics; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000696 TICultured endothelial cells do not respond to a platelet-derived growth-factor-like protein in an autocrine manner. ABCultured endothelial cells produce a growth factor similar or identical to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Endothelial cells are able to proliferate in plasma-supplemented medium, while most nontransformed cells require serum-supplemented medium. Since PDGF is a major serum mitogen, we have tested the possibility that endothelial cells interact with and respond to the autologously produced PDGF-like (PDGF-c) protein. We have found that bovine aortic and rat heart endothelial cells express little or no cell surface PDGF receptors as determined by binding of pure 125I-PDGF. Treating these cells under acidic conditions, which release receptor-bound PDGF in control cells without affecting receptor function, did not reveal a population of cryptic receptors. In addition, when rat heart endothelial cells were grown in the presence of an antibody to PDGF, proliferation was unimpaired, though no detectable free PDGF was present in the medium. An equivalent amount of antibody completely blocked the mitogenic response of human fibroblasts that had been preincubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C with an equivalent dose of PDGF. Thus, endothelial cells do not respond mitogenically in a manner that would be expected from the interaction of autologously produced PDGF with its cell surface receptor. Endothelial cells were detergent-solubilized and immobilized on nitrocellulose in an attempt to detect the presence of intracellular PDGF receptors. Specific binding of 125I-PDGF to adsorbed, solubilized bovine aortic or rat heart endothelial cells was undetectable, though significant binding to adsorbed, solubilized fibroblasts, used as a positive control, was observed. We conclude that endothelial cells do not have detectable intracellular PDGF receptors. AUKazlauskas A; DiCorleto PE EM8601 IDHL-29582; M01 RR00210 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p405-12 MJAorta; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor /PD MNAorta /DE; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Endothelium /CY /DE; Fibroblasts /CY; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Myocardium /CY; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor /ME; Rats; Receptors, Endogenous Substances /ME MTAnimal; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 84371-65-3 (RU 486) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000697 TIEffect of the antiglucocorticoid agent RU 38486 on the dexamethasone inhibition of Friend cell differentiation. ABGlucocorticoid hormones are known to inhibit the erythroid differentiation of Friend cells. The mechanism of action of these hormones has been questioned, and results suggesting an action not involving the nuclear binding of the receptors have been published. We have used the antiglucocorticoid RU 38486 to block the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on the induced differentiation of Friend cells. Our results strongly suggest a glucocorticoid action involving the binding of classical receptors to the cell nucleus. AUMayeux P; Felix JM; Billat C; Jacquot R EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p413-7 MJDexamethasone /PD; Estrenes MNAbortifacient Agents, Steroidal /PD; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cell Line; Dexamethasone /AI; Erythroleukemia /PA; Kinetics; Leukemia, Experimental /PA; Mice MTAnimal RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 630-60-4 (Ouabain) IS0300-9084 LAFrench JCA14 SBM UI86000698 TI[Mapping of the different functional domains of (Na+, K+) ATPase] AUPonzio G TT[Cartographie des differents domaines fonctionnels de la (Na+,K+)ATPase.] EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) pXIII-XVI MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /ME MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /AI; Adenosine Triphosphate /ME; Affinity Labels; Cell Membrane /EN; Cytoplasm /EN; Molecular Weight; Ouabain /ME /PD; Peptide Fragments /ME; Phosphorylation; Photochemistry; Trypsin /ME MTAnimal RNEC 4.1.99.3 (DNA Photolyase); 120-73-0 (purine); 289-95-2 (pyrimidine); 65-71-4 (Thymine); 6912-86-3 (Tryptophan); 71-30-7 (Cytosine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000699 TIRecent aspects of the photochemistry of nucleic acids and related model compounds. ABThis survey focuses on recent developments in the far ultraviolet photochemistry of nucleic acids and related model compounds. The photoproducts discussed are the cyclobutidipyrimidines, the pyrimidine-pyrimidone adducts, the purine-pyrimidine adducts and the addition products of amino acids to pyrimidine bases. The specific aspects of the high-intensity laser photochemistry of nucleic acid components are also briefly reviewed. AUCadet J; Voituriez L; Grand A; Hruska FE; Vigny P; Kan LS EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p277-92 MJDNA /RE; Ultraviolet Rays MNAmino Acids; Base Sequence; Chemistry; Cyclobutanes; Cytosine; DNA Photolyase /ME; DNA Repair; DNA /AN; Lasers; Lysine; Macromolecular Systems; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Photochemistry; Photolysis; Purines; Pyrimidine Dimers /AN; Pyrimidines; Pyrimidinones; Spectrum Analysis; Thymine; Tryptophan; X-Ray Diffraction MCReview RNEC 3.1.- (Endodeoxyribonucleases); EC 3.1.22.3 (endodeoxyribonuclease V); 110-89-4 (piperidine) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000700 TIDistribution of ultraviolet-induced lesions in simian virus 40 DNA. ABIn order to analyze the molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis in mammalian cells, we devised an analytical assay using Simian Virus 40 as biological probe. To study the possible correlations between the distribution of the lesions on the treated DNA and the distribution of mutations, we have located and quantified the lesions induced by ultraviolet light (254 nm) on a SV40 DNA fragment. At a fluence of 2,000 J/m2, our results show that the formation frequency of thymine-thymine dimers (TT) is three to four times higher than the formation frequency of the other types of dimers (TC, CT, CC). On the other hand, the formation frequency of a dimer is influenced by the adjacent sequence. In particular, a pyrimidine in the 5' position of a thymine-thymine dimer enhances its formation frequency. At the dose used the formation frequency of the pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts is twenty times less than the formation frequency of pyrimidine dimers. This paper shows the distribution of the major lesions induced by UV-light on a defined fragment of SV40 genome after UV irradiation. This work is necessary to get an insight into the molecular mechanisms of UV-mutagenesis. AUBourre F; Renault G; Seawell PC; Sarasin A EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p293-9 MJDNA, Viral /RE; Ultraviolet Rays MNBase Sequence; DNA, Viral /AN; Endodeoxyribonucleases; Photochemistry; Piperidines; Pyrimidine Dimers /AN; Pyrimidinones; SV40 Virus MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.- (Endodeoxyribonucleases); EC 3.1.22.3 (endodeoxyribonuclease V); EC 3.1.25.2 (endodeoxyribonuclease (apurinic or apyrimidinic); 0 (gene proteins, viral); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000701 TIRecognition of damaged regions in DNA by oligopeptides and proteins. ABThe binding of various damaged DNAs to the single-strand binding protein coded for by gene 32 from bacteriophage T4, on the one hand, and of oligopeptides containing tryptophan and lysine residues, on the other hand, is described. These molecules exhibit a higher affinity for modified DNA than for native DNA in so far as modification results in a local destabilization of the double-stranded structure of the nucleic acid. Stacking interactions between aromatic amino acids and nucleic acid bases appear to play a crucial role in the recognition of destabilized regions induced by chemical agents (carcinogens and antitumor drugs). These interactions confer to the peptide lysyl-tryptophyl-lysine an endonucleolytic activity specific for apurinic sites. From results obtained with such oligopeptides a model for the active sites of Ap-endonucleases is proposed which could account for the strategy used by the denV endonuclease from phage T4 during the first step of excision repair of pyrimidine dimers in DNA. The effect of the overall conformation of modified DNA on repair efficiency is discussed. AUToulme JJ ; Saison-Behmoaras TS EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p301-7 MJDNA Repair; DNA; Oligopeptides; Proteins MNAmino Acids /ME; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; DNA, Single-Stranded /ME; DNA, Superhelical /ME; DNA /RE; Endodeoxyribonucleases /ME; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Structure-Activity Relationship; Ultraviolet Rays; Viral Proteins /ME MCReview RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000702 TIImmunological detection of lesions in DNA. ABThe purpose of this paper is to show that the antibodies to nucleic acids, to nucleosides or to DNA damaged by a physical or a chemical agent, are useful tools in the study of DNA damage and repair. The results obtained with antibodies to nucleosides, antibodies to nucleosides and DNA modified by chemical carcinogens emphasize the potential of immunological methods in three main areas, a) the sensitive detection and quantitation of adducts; b) the visualization of adducts in tissues, individual cells, and along the DNA double helix; c) the study of conformational changes of DNA induced by adducts. AULeng M EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p309-15 MJDNA Repair; DNA; Immunologic Technics MNAntibody Specificity; Antigen-Antibody Complex /IM; Antigens /IM; Carcinogens; Chemistry; Haptens /IM; Immunization; Immunoglobulins /IM; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Nucleosides /IM; Rabbits /IM MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN298-81-7 (Methoxsalen); 3902-71-4 (Trioxsalen); 4063-41-6 (4,5'-dimethylangelicin); 484-20-8 (5-methoxypsoralen); 60174-36-9 (3-carbethoxypsoralen); 62442-59-5 (hydroxymethyltrioxsalen); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000703 TIChemical structure of psoralen-nucleic acid photoadducts. AUVigny P; Gaboriau F; Voituriez L; Cadet J EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p317-25 MJDNA; Psoralens MNChemistry; Chromatography; DNA /RE; Furans; Methoxsalen; Photochemistry; Psoralens /RE; Pyrones; Spectrum Analysis; Trioxsalen /AA; Ultraviolet Rays MCReview RN89683-26-1 (10-((1-carboxy-2-methylpropylidene) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000704 TIUse of a new DNA intercalating fluorescing probe for studies on the mechanism of frameshift mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium. ABAs a general rule, ellipticine derivatives are mutagenic and intercalate into double-stranded nucleic acids. We have tested a new fluorescent ellipticine compound, 10[(1-carboxy-2-methylpropylidene)-amino]-9-hydroxy-2-methylell ipticinium (val-NMHE), for establishing the relationship between the amount of drug bound to nucleic acids in situ in Salmonella typhimurium and its biological effects: decrease of growth rate and mutagenesis. Val-NMHE is mutagenic only on Ames'strain TA 1977 which carries a + 1 frameshift mutation. On a per cell basis, the number of revertants is not linearly correlated to the amount of drug bound to nucleic acids: this number is relatively higher for increasing amounts of drug. This effect is not related to the mere probability of interaction between the drug molecule and its target, a GGGG/CCCC sequence. It might be explained by other hypotheses briefly discussed herein. AURene B ; Banoun H; Auclair C; Paoletti C EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p327-34 MJAlkaloids; DNA, Bacterial; Ellipticines; Mutation; Salmonella Typhimurium /GE MNEllipticines /PD; Fluorescent Dyes; Intercalating Agents; Mutagenicity Tests; Salmonella Typhimurium /DE; Spectrometry, Fluorescence MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 4.1.99.3 (DNA Photolyase); 9010-74-6 (RNA, Bacterial); 9014-25-9 (RNA, Transfer) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000705 TIMutagenesis and growth delay induced in Escherichia coli by near-ultraviolet radiations. ABThe literature relating to genetic changes induced in Escherichia coli by near-ultraviolet radiations is reviewed and summarized: i) these radiations are much less mutagenic than would be expected from the known level of DNA damage, ii) pre-illumination with near-UV light antagonizes the mutagenic effect of UV (254 nm) light. In agreement with these findings, the SOS functions are not induced by near-UV radiations. Furthermore prior exposure of cells to near-UV light inhibits the subsequent 254 nm induction of the SOS response. Among the several hypothesis considered to explain these observations, one can be clearly favoured. Near-UV light triggers, at sublethal fluences, the growth delay effect. The target molecules, tRNAs, are photocrosslinked and some tRNA species become poor substrates in the acylation reaction. In vivo these tRNA molecules accumulate on the uncharged form, leading to a transient cessation of protein synthesis. The SOS response is inducible and as such requires protein synthesis. We therefore propose that near-ultraviolet radiations have a dual effect: i) they induce, mostly indirectly, DNA lesions which are potentially able to trigger the SOS response, ii) they prevent the expression of the SOS functions through the transient inhibition of protein synthesis (growth delay). AUFavre A; Hajnsdorf E; Thiam K; Caldeira de Araujo A EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p335-42 MJEscherichia Coli /RE; Mutation; Ultraviolet Rays MNBacterial Proteins /BI; Cell Division /RE; DNA Photolyase /ME; DNA Repair; DNA, Bacterial /RE; Escherichia Coli /GE; Genes, Bacterial /RE; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Photochemistry; RNA, Bacterial /ME /RE; RNA, Transfer /ME /RE MCReview MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1. (Endonucleases) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000706 TIThe SOS system. ABIn the bacterium Escherichia coli DNA damaging treatments such as ultraviolet or ionizing radiation induce a set of functions called collectively the SOS response, reviewed here. The regulation of the SOS response involves a repressor, the LexA protein, and an inducer, the RecA protein. After DNA damage an effector molecule is produced--possibly single stranded DNA--which activates the RecA protein to a form capable of catalysing proteolytic cleavage of LexA. The repressors of certain temperate prophages are cleaved under the same conditions, resulting in lysogenic induction. SOS functions are involved in DNA repair and mutagenesis, in cell division inhibition, in recovery of normal physiological conditions after the DNA damage is repaired, and possibly in cell death when DNA damage is too extensive. The SOS response also includes several chromosomal genes of unknown function, a number of plasmid encoded genes (bacteriocins, mutagenesis), and lysogenic induction of certain prophages. DNA damaging treatments seem to induce DNA repair and mutagenic activities and proviral development in many species, including mammalian cells. In general, substances which are genotoxic to higher eukaryotes induce the SOS response in bacteria. This correlation is the basis of the numerous bacterial tests for genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. AUd'Ari R EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p343-7 MJDNA Repair; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia Coli MNBacteriophages /PH; Cell Division; DNA Replication; DNA, Bacterial /RE; DNA, Single-Stranded /GE; Endonucleases /ME; Escherichia Coli /RE; Genes, Bacterial; Lysogeny; Mutation; Operon; Rec A Protein /GE /PH; Ultraviolet Rays; Virus Activation MCReview IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000707 TIRECA immunological assay as a tool to analyze the SOS response. ABThe content of RECA protein, one of the SOS genes product, was determined in a bacterial extract by a two site-radioimmunometric assay. The variation of the RECA concentration after induction by physical or chemical treatments was used as a probe to analyze the SOS response. Relationships between either the number or the nature of DNA lesions and the level of the relative amplification of RECA have been established. The modulation of the recA gene expression is discussed. AUSalles B; Calsou P; Defais M EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p349-52 MJDNA Repair; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia Coli; Rec A Protein MNDNA Replication /DE; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Bacterial /DE /RE; Mutation; Pyrimidine Dimers /GE; Radioimmunoassay; Rec A Protein /GE; Ultraviolet Rays MCReview RNEC 2.1.1. (Methyltransferases); EC 2.1.1.63 (O(6); EC 3.2.2. (Nucleosidases); EC 3.2.2.- (3-methyladenine-DNA glycosidase); 120-73-0 (purine); 20535-83-5 (O-(6); 5142-23-4 (3-methyladenine); 70-25-7 (Methylnitronitrosoguanidine); 73-24-5 (Adenine); 73-40-5 (Guanine) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000709 TIThe adaptive response in E. coli. ABThe adaptive response appears in E. coli after exposure to low levels of alkylating agents. This system is under the positive control of the ada gene. At least two enzymes are induced during the response: 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase. The latter is also the product of the ada gene. AUDefais M EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p357-60 MJDNA Repair; Escherichia Coli /GE MNAdenine /AA /ME; Alkylating Agents /PD; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia Coli /DE; Genes, Bacterial; Guanine /AA /PD; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine /PD; Methyltransferases /ME; Mutation; Nucleosidases /ME; Purines /ME MCReview RNEC 2.1.1. (Methyltransferases); EC 2.1.1.63 (O(6); EC 3.2.2. (Nucleosidases); EC 3.2.2.- (3-methyladenine-DNA glycosidase); 66-27-3 (Methyl Methanesulfonate); 70-25-7 (Methylnitronitrosoguanidine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000710 TIRepair of methylated bases in mammalian cells during adaptive response to alkylating agents. ABPretreatment of H4 (rat hepatoma) cells for 48 h with non toxic doses of alkylating agents methylmethane sulfonate, (MMS), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) renders the cells more resistant to the toxic and mutagenic effects of these compounds. This adaptive response seems to reflect improved repair of methylated lesions in cellular DNA. Therefore, we measured the activity of the DNA-glycosylase for N-methylated purines (7-MeGua and 3-MeAd) and the activity of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in control and adapted cells. We show that the adaptive response does not significantly increase the DNA-glycosylase activity but involves the induction of methyltransferase molecules. AULaval F EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p361-4 MJAlkylating Agents; DNA Repair; DNA; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental /FG MNCell Line; Drug Resistance; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental /EN; Methyl Methanesulfonate /PD; Methylation; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine /PD; Methyltransferases /ME; Nucleosidases /ME; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.7.- (DNA Polymerase III) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000711 TIMechanism of SOS-induced targeted and untargeted mutagenesis in E. coli. ABThis paper retraces the evolution of hypotheses concerning mechanisms of SOS induced mutagenesis. Moreover, it reports some recent data which support a new model for the mechanism of targeted and untargeted mutagenesis in E. coli. In summary, the SOS mutator effect, which is responsible for untargeted mutagenesis and perhaps for the misincorporation step in targeted mutagenesis, is believed to involve a fidelity function associated with DNA polymerase III and does not require the umuC gene product. umuC and umuD gene products are probably required specifically for elongation of DNA synthesis past blocking lesions, i.e. to allow mutagenic replication of damaged DNA. AUMaenhaut-Michel G EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p365-9 MJDNA Repair; Escherichia Coli /GE; Mutation MNDNA Polymerase III /PH; DNA Replication /DE; DNA, Bacterial /GE /RE; DNA, Viral /GE /RE; Escherichia Coli /DE /RE; Genes, Bacterial; Mutagens /PD; Phage Lambda /GE; Photochemistry; Pyrimidine Dimers; Rec A Protein /PH; Ultraviolet Rays MCReview RNEC 2.7.7.- (DNA Polymerase I); EC 3.1.- (Endodeoxyribonucleases); EC 3.1.25.2 (endodeoxyribonuclease (apurinic or apyrimidinic); 25609-92-1 (poly dC); 30811-80-4 (Poly C); 653-63-4 (2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate); 71-30-7 (Cytosine); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7439-96-5 (Manganese); 902-04-5 (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000712 TITemplate properties of ultraviolet-irradiated poly(dC) replicated by E. coli DNA polymerase I: indication for a role of apyrimidinic-sites in UV-induced mutagenesis. ABUltraviolet irradiation alters the template properties of poly(dC) when replicated by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. These effects are due to base modifications. Some of them are identified as apurinic/apyrimidinic sites (AP-sites) by their sensitivity to AP-endonuclease B purified from Micrococcus luteus, and their template properties. The rate of formation of AP-sites in poly(dC) is estimated at 3 X 10(-7) site per nucleotide per J.m-2. Exposure of supercoiled or relaxed pBR322 DNA to UV light results also in the formation of sites sensitive to AP-endonuclease B. In this case, the rate of formation of AP-sites is the same in relaxed or supercoiled DNA: 0.3 X 10(-7) site per nucleotide per J.m-2. The apyrimidinic sites are generated through the processing of an ultraviolet induced primary lesion. We suggest that this lesion is cytosine hydrate by its rate of decay and preferential formation in single stranded DNA. Our results suggest that AP-sites might be a minor pathway leading to UV-induced mutagenesis. AUBoiteux S; Pierre J; Laval J EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p371-6 MJDNA Polymerase I; Deoxyadenine Nucleotides; Escherichia Coli; Mutation; Poly C; Polyribonucleotides; Ultraviolet Rays MNCytosine /ME; Deoxyguanine Nucleotides /ME; Endodeoxyribonucleases /ME; Enzyme Activation /DE; Macromolecular Systems; Magnesium /PD; Manganese /PD; Poly C /RE; Templates MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000713 TILong- and short-patch gene conversions in Streptococcus pneumoniae transformation. ABIn pneumococcal transformation some point mutations are integrated by an excision-repair pathway which switches the heteroduplex DNA into homoduplex. This transfer of information is a gene conversion. We have reviewed some of the properties of this system especially those relating to heteroduplex specificity and given evidence that this extends over several kilobases of DNA. We then describe a new process of conversion in pneumococcal transformation which occurs over a very short distance (5 to 27 base-pairs) and is triggered by a single site mutation resulting from the transversion 5'-ATTCAT...to 5'...ATTAAT... Only one of the two heteroduplexes 5'...A...3'/3'...G...5', is converted. AUSicard M; Lefevre JC ; Mostachfi P; Gasc AM; Mejean V ; Claverys JP EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p377-84 MJGene Conversion; Genes, Bacterial; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Transformation, Bacterial MNBase Sequence; DNA Repair; DNA, Bacterial; Models, Biological; Mutation; Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes; Recombination, Genetic MCReview RNEC 3.1.21.- (endodeoxyribonuclease BSSHII); EC 3.1.21.- (endodeoxyribonuclease NarI); EC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes); 53-96-3 (2-Acetylaminofluorene); 60-54-8 (Tetracycline) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000714 TIConstruction of frameshift mutation hot spots within the tetracycline resistance gene of pBR322. ABThe chemical carcinogen, N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) when bound covalently to DNA induces a majority (greater than 90%) of frameshift mutations. The mutations occur with high frequencies at defined sequences (i.e. mutation hot spots). Two classes of mutation hot spots were found: at repetitive sequences and at specific non-repetitive sequences. Mutations at the repetitive sequences depend upon a functional umuC gene whereas mutations at specific non-repetitive sequences are umuC-independent. The first discovered sequence of this class is the NarI restriction enzyme recognition sequence (5'GGCGCC3'). In an attempt to define a family of such sequences we constructed a related sequence 5'GCGCGC3' within the tetracycline resistance gene of pBR322. This sequence was also found to be an--AAF induced--2 frameshift mutation hot spot in both wild type and umuC strains. AUBurnouf D; Fuchs RP EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p385-9 MJMutation; R Factors; Tetracycline MN2-Acetylaminofluorene /PD; Base Sequence; DNA Restriction Enzymes; DNA, Bacterial /GE /RE; Genes, Bacterial; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Ultraviolet Rays MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN20535-83-5 (O-(6); 73-40-5 (Guanine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000715 TIChemical carcinogens and proto-oncogens activation. ABThe induction of proto-oncogens H-ras-1 by nitrosomethylurea (Sukumar et al. (1983), 306, 658-661) is discussed in term of lack of DNA-repair of lesions induced in DNA by this alkylating agent, particularly O6-methylguanine residues and apurinic/apyrimidinic sites. AULaval J; Strauss BS EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p391-2 MJCarcinogens; Neoplasms; Oncogenes MNAlkylating Agents /PD; Alkylation; DNA Repair; DNA /ME; Gene Expression Regulation /DE; Guanine /AA /ME; Methylation; Mutation MCReview MTAnimal; Human IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000716 TISurvival and mutagenesis of ultraviolet irradiated simian virus 40 in foetal human fibroblasts. ABSurvival and mutagenesis of UV-irradiated, temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 mutants (SV40) have been studied after infection of human fibroblasts. Survival of the viral progeny obtained after 6,8 or 10 days at permissive temperature decrease as a function of the UV-dose delivered to the virus. In cels which have been pretreated with 10 Jm-2 of UV 24 hours before infection, progeny survival was increased as compared to survival in control cells. The reactivation factor varies from one to ten, depending on the number of lytic cycles carried out at permissive temperature. The level of mutation frequency, as measured by the reversion from a temperature sensitive growth phenotype towards a wild type phenotype, increases with the dose of UV-irradiation given to the virus. Moreover, the mutation frequency is increased in the viral progeny produced in UV-irradiated human cells. Similar experiments carried out with SV40-transformed human fibroblasts, which constitutively express SV40 T antigen, gave comparable results. These experiments show that, as in monkey cells, a new error-prone recovery pathway can be induced by pretreating human cells with UV-light before infection. AUGentil A; Daya-Grosjean L; Margot A; Sarasin A EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p393-8 MJFibroblasts; Mutation; SV40 Virus /GE; Ultraviolet Rays MNCell Line; Embryo; Fibroblasts /RE; SV40 Virus /GD /RE; Temperature MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (gene proteins, bacterial) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000717 TIExpression of a bacterial repair gene in mammalian cells. ABThe coding sequence of the uvrA gene from Escherichia coli has been fused to the early promoter, enhancer and origin of replication of the simian virus SV40, and was supplemented with splicing and polyadenylation sites arising from the same virus. Introduction of this hybrid gene into simian cos-1 cells results in the synthesis of a full length UvrA protein (114 kD) which has retained its ability to bind to single-stranded DNA. AUBackendorf C; Van de Putte P EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p399-403 MJBacterial Proteins; DNA Repair; DNA, Recombinant; Escherichia Coli; SV40 Virus; Transfection MNBacterial Proteins /GE; Cell Line; DNA Replication; Enhancer Elements (Genetics); Genes, Bacterial; Genes, Regulator; Genes, Viral; Plasmids; Promoter Regions (Genetics) MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN54-42-2 (Idoxuridine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000718 TIMutagenic and chromosomal events in radiation transformation. ABThe transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell is a complex multi-stage process. Data are presented from rodent cells which suggest that the initial radiation induced change does not represent a mutation in a specific structural gene or group of genes. Rather, DNA damage induced by radiation produces a heritable change which leads to the transformation of one or more of the progeny of the initial irradiated cells at some later time. This second rare event has certain characteristics of a mutation. Studies in human diploid cells indicate that radiation induces stable chromosomal rearrangements which persist throughout the lifespan of the cells in culture. Occasionally, such cells gain a selective growth advantage and are recognized as abnormal clones. These clones may expand to include the entire cell population and show a significantly prolonged lifespan in vitro. The hypothesis is presented that the transforming event occurs in such clones, possibly resulting from a mutational change which occurs at random during cellular proliferation. AULittle JB EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p405-15 MJCell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chromosomes; Mutation MNCell Count; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic /UL; Chromosome Aberrations; Clone Cells /RE; DNA /ME /RE; Diploidy; Embryo; Fibroblasts /RE /UL; Idoxuridine /ME; Iodine Radioisotopes; Mice; Translocation (Genetics); Ultraviolet Rays MCReview MTAnimal; Human IS0340-1200 LAEnglish JCA2H SBM UI86000720 TIEvolution of replicators playing a strategic game. ABA mathematical model of replicator evolution is considered. Replicators are words of a formal language specifying a strategy for a parlour game. They replicate with mutations and are selected according to their pay-off against other replicators. AUKurka P EM8601 SOBiol Cybern (Germany, West), 1985, 52(4) p211-7 MJEvolution; Game Theory; Models, Genetic MNMathematics IS0340-1200 LAEnglish JCA2H SBM UI86000721 TIA two dimensional model for saccade generation. ABA model for the generation of oblique saccades is constructed by extending and modifying the one dimensional local feedback model. It is proposed that the visual system stores target location in inertial coordinates, but that the feedback loop which guides saccades works in retinotopic coordinates. To achieve straight trajectories for centripetal and centrifugal saccades in all meridians, a comparator computes motor error as a vector and uses the vectorial error signal to drive two orthogonally-acting burst generators. The generation of straight saccade trajectories when the extraocular muscles are of unequal strengths requires the introduction of a burst-tonic cell input to motor neurons. The model accounts for the results of two-site stimulation of the superior colliculus and frontal eye fields by allowing simultaneous activation of more than one comparator. The postulated existence of multiple comparators suggests that motor error may be computed topographically. AUTweed D; Vilis T EM8601 SOBiol Cybern (Germany, West), 1985, 52(4) p219-27 MJEye Movements; Models, Biological; Saccades MNFeedback; Mathematics; Retina /PH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0340-1200 LAEnglish JCA2H SBM UI86000722 TIA neuro-synaptic model of the auditory masking and unmasking process. ABA model of bilateral information processing in the auditory system was presented on the basis of the interaction of postsynaptic potentials intra- and inter-nuclei in order to analyze the mechanism of binaural unmasking as well as monaural masking. The system was composed of a bilateral pair of auditory nuclei, which were organized in two parallel afferent systems as well as an efferent system. In the model, bilateral inputs were processed in three stages, i.e., the detection of interaural differences by the first afferent system, the equalization of relative neural timing by the efferent system, and the cancellation of specific spectral components by the second afferent system. Assuming the masking process to be forward and backward inhibitions on the auditory memory of signal by the ones of noise, the unmasking process could be explained as a result of disinhibition by the cancellation of bilateral masker inputs. AUItoh K EM8601 SOBiol Cybern (Germany, West), 1985, 52(4) p229-35 MJAuditory Pathways; Hearing; Neurons; Synapses MNAcoustic Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Laterality; Mathematics; Models, Neurological; Models, Psychological MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0340-1200 LAEnglish JCA2H SBM UI86000723 TIOn the mechanisms underlying appearance of responses to movement, directional sensitivity and velocity tuning of the cat's striate cortical neurons. ABThe responses to moving and stationary stimuli of 27 cat's striate cortical units were studied. Two stationary light bars located in different parts of the receptive field were used. The order of presentation and the time-interval between the stimuli varied; so, the presentation of a pair of stationary stimuli was an analogue of a moving stimulus. It was shown that responses occurred in neurons previously unresponsive to stationary stimuli when two stationary stimuli were presented successively in certain order. In the direction-sensitive units an asymmetry of the temporal course of the inhibitory processes was observed. The inhibitory zone located on the side of the preferred direction of movement was characterized by an early inhibitory phase followed by a phase of disinhibition and by a second inhibitory phase. For the inhibitory zone located on the side of the null direction no disinhibitory phase was demonstrated. The significance of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the receptive field for the appearance of responses to movement, the directional sensitivity and the velocity tuning in striate neurons is discussed. AUVitanova L; Glezer V; Gauselman V EM8601 SOBiol Cybern (Germany, West), 1985, 52(4) p237-46 MJNeurons; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception MNCats; Movement; Photic Stimulation; Space Perception MTAnimal RN540-18-1 (n-amyl butyrate) IS0340-1200 LAEnglish JCA2H SBM UI86000724 TICross-modal identification: effects of contingent changes in the stimulus series. ABTwo computer controlled experiments in an olfactory cross-modal matching task, using two-component odour mixtures matched against bar diagrams, were designed so that stimulus presentation was contingent upon the recent performance of the subject; stimuli that were relatively poorly (in experiment 1) or well (in experiment 2) matched were more frequently presented. Analysis shows that the autoregressive structure of the performance is modified by such contingent presentation and that there is a weak relationship between transmitted information in matching and the time series structure of the matching errors. It is suggested that the process is nonlinear. AUGregson RA; Gates A EM8601 SOBiol Cybern (Germany, West), 1985, 52(4) p247-58 MJAssociation Learning; Learning; Smell; Vision MNAdolescence; Adult; Butyrates; Color; Cyclohexanols; Models, Psychological; Odors MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.3.16 (Phosphoprotein Phosphatases) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000726 TI[Phosphoprotein phosphatases from cell nuclei of the bovine spleen: physico-chemical properties] ABThe physico-chemical properties of phosphoprotein phosphatase (EC 1.3.1.16) from bovine spleen cell nuclei were investigated. The enzyme was shown to possess a wide substrate specificity and to catalyze dephosphorylation of phosphocasein, ATP, ADP and p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP). The Km values for ATP, ADP and pNPP are 0.44, 0.43 and 1.25 mM, respectively. The molecular weight of the enzyme as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel of different concentrations is approximately 33 000. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed two protein bands with Mr 12 000 and 18 000. The enzyme molecule predominantly contains acidic amino acid residues, two free SH-groups and two disulphide bonds. Phosphoprotein phosphatase is a glycoprotein with the carbohydrate content of about 22%, and has an additional absorption maximum at 560 nm. The enzyme is competitively inhibited by ammonium molybdate (Ki = 0.37 microM) and non-competitively by sodium fluoride (Ki = 1.3 mM). Incubation of phosphoprotein phosphatase with 2 mM phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF) for 25 hours resulted in a approximately 46% loss of the enzyme activity. Ammonium molybdate, sodium fluoride and PMSF reversibly inhibit the enzyme. Modification of aminoacid SH-groups, NH2-groups and histidine led to a decrease of the enzyme activity. Incubation of phosphoprotein phosphatase with [gamma-33P]ATP resulted in the incorporation of 0.33 mol of 33P per mol of the enzyme. The mechanism of the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the phosphoester bond is discussed. AUReziapkin VI; Leonova LE; Komkova AI TT[Fosfoproteinfosfataza kletochnykh iader selezenki byka: fiziko-khimicheskie svoistva.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1067-75 MJPhosphoprotein Phosphatases /AN; Spleen MNAmino Acid Sequence; Cattle; Cell Nucleus /EN; Chemistry, Physical; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Hydrolysis; Molecular Weight; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases /AI /IP; Substrate Specificity; Sulfhydryl Compounds /AN MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000727 TI[The additivity principle in the reaction of angiotensin II and its analogs with antibodies and receptors of glomerular cells from the rat adrenal cortex] ABThe binding of angiotensin II and its analogues (13) to rabbit antibodies and glomerular cell receptors from rat adrenal cortex was studied, using the radioimmunoassay method and radioreceptor analysis. Double modifications introduced into the angiotensin structure were found to increase in an additive fashion its binding to the antibodies and renal cell receptors. The relative binding activity of the analogues carrying a double modification can be assessed if the activities of the analogues with the appropriate single modifications are known. It was concluded that the testing of modifications in the peptide structure for their additivity may provide some insight into the conformational properties of peptides during their binding to the protein. AUZalitis GM; Kublis GG; Antsans IuE TT[Printsip additivnosti v reaktsii angiotenzina II i ego analogov s antitelami i retseptorami kletok klubochkovoi zony kory nadpochechnikov krys.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1083-9 MJAdrenal Cortex; Angiotensin II /ME; Antibodies; Receptors, Angiotensin; Receptors, Endogenous Substances MNAngiotensin II /AA; Binding Sites, Antibody; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Protein Conformation; Rabbits /IM; Radioimmunoassay; Radioligand Assay; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro RN17230-88-5 (Danazol) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000728 TI[Interaction of blood sex steroid-binding globulin-steroid complexes with plasma membranes of human decidual endometrium cells] ABPlasma membranes of decidual tissue cells specifically bind the sex steroid-binding globulin (SBP) complexes with estrogen (estradiol, estriol, estrone) and with the pharmacological agent danazol but do not interact with the SBP-testosterone or SBP-dihydrotestosterone complexes. The selectivity of interaction of the SBP-steroid complexes with decidual tissue cellular membranes provide evidence for the active role of SBP in the realization of steroid effects on the target tissue. AUZhuk NI; Avvakumov GV; Strel'chenok OA TT[Vzaimodeistvie kompleksov sekssteroidsviazyvaiushchii globulin krovi-steroid s plazmaticheskimi membranami kletok detsidual'nogo endometriia cheloveka.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1105-7 MJDecidua; Estrogens; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin MNCell Membrane /ME; Danazol /ME; Pregnancy MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; In Vitro IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000729 TI[Effect of hyperthermia on the polypeptide composition of the nuclear matrix of the rat liver] ABThe increase in rat body temperature by 2-3 degrees as a result of overheating (45 degrees C, 22% humidity) over 90 and 120 min is accompanied by changes in the rate of labeled precursors incorporation into rat liver protein fractions. The incorporation of labeled amino acids into liver nuclear matrix proteins within the first 90 min of overheating is somewhat decreased, whereas 120 min thereafter it exceeds by 30% the corresponding values in control animals kept at room temperature. The polypeptide pattern of the nuclear matrix in hyperthermia is characterized by an increased relative content of polypeptide components around Mr 100, 55, 40 and 30 kDa against a decreased level of several polypeptides as compared to the control. AUAkopov SB; Bul'diaeva TV; Kuz'mina SN; Zbarskii IB TT[Vliianie gipertermii na polipeptidnyi sostav iadernogo matriksa pecheni krysy.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1127-31 MJHeat-Shock Proteins; Hyperthermia, Induced; Liver; Peptides MNAdaptation, Physiological; Body Temperature; Cell Nucleus /ME; Densitometry; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Heat-Shock Proteins /BI; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RNEC 3.1.- (Deoxyribonucleases); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000730 TI[Aggregation of fragmented chromatin associated with the synthesis of products of its treatment with nuclease] ABIsolated cell nuclei were incubated with nucleases followed by extraction of chromatin with a low salt buffer. With an increase of nuclear chromatin degradation with DNAse I or micrococcal nuclease, solubilization of deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) by a low salt buffer increases, reaching a maximum upon hydrolysis with 2-4% nuclear DNA and then decreases appreciably after extensive treatment with nucleases. Soluble fragmented chromatin aggregates in the course of treatment with DNAase. I. Addition to gel chromatin preparations of exogenous products of nuclease treatment of isolated nuclei leads to its aggregation. Pretreatment of nuclear chromatin with RNAase prevents solubilization of DNP by low ionic strength solutions. Some experimental data obtained with the use of severe nuclease treatment are discussed; for a correct interpretation of these data the aggregation of fragmented chromatin by products of its nuclease degradation should be taken into consideration. AULobanenkov VV; Mironov NM; Kuprianova EI; Shapot VS TT[Agregatsiia fragmentirovannogo khromatina, sviazannaia s poiavleniem produktov ego nukleaznoi obrabotki.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1132-40 MJChromatin; DNA; Deoxyribonucleases; Liver MNCell Nucleus /AN; Chromatin /IP; DNA, Neoplasm /AN; Hydrolysis; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental /AN; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Protein Conformation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Solubility MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro RNEC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase); 0 (troponin C) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000731 TI[Effect of neurotropic drugs on calmodulin and troponin C-dependent processes] ABThe effects of neurotropic compounds on Ca-binding proteins (calmodulin, troponin C) were investigated. It was shown that the majority of neuroleptics of the phenothiazine group effectively interact with the both proteins and inhibit calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and Ca2+-activated actomyosin. ATPase. Neuroleptics of the butyrophenone group as well as imipramine and diphenehydramine having a low efficiency interact only with calmodulin. Methophenazine, a phenothiazine neuroleptic, being an effective inhibitor of calmodulin and of calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase, does not influence troponin C or Ca-dependent actomyosin ATPase. Therefore, this compound may be used as a convenient tool in the study of processes controlled by these Ca-binding proteins. It is concluded that troponin C possesses Ca-dependent sites which bind pharmacological agents structurally similar to that of calmodulin. However, these sites bind pharmacological agents with a low efficiency and exhibit selectivity towards certain drugs. Despite the obvious homology of the both Ca-binding proteins, i.e., calmodulin, troponin C, their effects on the processes under their control appear to be selective. AUBaldenkov GN; Men'shikov MIu; Feoktistov IA; Tkachuk VA TT[Vliianie neirotropnykh soedinenii na kal'modulin- i troponin C-zavisimye protsessy.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1141-50 MJCalmodulin /ME; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /PD; Troponin /ME MN3',5'-Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase /AI; Brain /EN; Calmodulin /AI; Fluorescent Dyes; Phenothiazines /ME /PD; Rabbits; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /ME; Troponin /AI MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-85-2 (Testosterone) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000732 TI[Interaction of blood sex steroid-binding globulin with cell membranes of human decidual tissue] ABThe interaction of sex steroid-binding globulin (SHBG) from human blood with plasma membranes of human decidual tissue cells (estradiol target tissue) was investigated. It was shown that SHBG complexed with estradiol specifically interacts with these membranes. The dissociation constant (Kdis) for this interaction is (3.5 +/- 2.0) X 10(-12) M. The interaction of the SHBG-estradiol complex with the membranes is characterized by a high selectivity; such serum globulins as albumin, orosomucoid, transferrin, transcortin and the thyroxine-binding globulin do not compete with SHBG for the binding sites on the membranes. The SHBG-testosterone complex and SHBG alone do not interact with the membranes either. AUAvvakumov GV; Survilo LI; Strel'chenok OA TT[Vzaimodeistvie sekssteroidsviazyvaiushchego globulina krovi s membranami kletok detsidual'noi tkani cheloveka.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1155-61 MJDecidua; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin MNBinding, Competitive; Cell Membrane /ME; Estradiol /ME; Kinetics; Pregnancy; Testosterone /ME MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; In Vitro RN66-81-9 (Cycloheximide); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000733 TI[Structural characteristics of DNA from the rat liver during inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide] ABAt cot around 20, the rat liver DNA reassociation curves were obtained 12-48 hours after injection of the animals with sublethal doses of cycloheximide. In total preparations of DNA-24 and DNA-36 at cot 0.02-0.06, the number of fast reassociating sequences was increased, on the average, by 4%. The differences in reassociation rates for individual kinetic fractions are 2.5-3-fold. The total incorporation of the label into DNA-24 preparations is sharply decreased; however, a marked distinction in the incorporation between the fractions in parameter cot was observed. AUFonarev AB; Shugalii AV ; Papina RI; Todorov IN TT[O strukturnykh osobennostiakh DNK pecheni krys v protsesse ingibirovaniia belkovogo sinteza tsiklogeksimidom.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1162-6 MJCycloheximide; DNA; Liver /ME; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Translation, Genetic MNCycloheximide /TO; DNA /GE; Kinetics; Lethal Dose 50; Liver /DE; Rats; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN486-86-2 (N-methylcytisine); 57-95-4 (Tubocurarine) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000734 TI[Structural characteristics of the recognition site of cholinergic ligands of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from squid optic ganglia] ABThe effect of chemical modification on the binding of cholinergic ligands to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from squid optical ganglion was studied. The existence of two chemically distinct subpopulations of binding sites was postulated. Subpopulation I contains, in all probability, Arg, Tyr and carboxyl groups critical for the binding of both ligands. Subpopulation II differs from the first one in the amino group present instead of Arg. The amino group important for the binding of d-tubocurarine alone was found in both subpopulations. The data obtained allow one to construct a model of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor cholinergic ligand recognition sites. AUPliashkevich IuG; Demushkin VP TT[Strukturnye osobennosti uchastka uznavaniia kholinergicheskikh ligandov nikotinovogo retseptora atsetilkholina zritel'nykh gangliev kal'mara.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1167-74 MJGanglia; Receptors, Nicotinic MNAlkaloids /ME; Binding Sites; Ligands; Models, Biological; Optic Nerve /ME; Squid; Tubocurarine /ME MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro RNEC 1.11.1. (Peroxidases); EC 1.11.1.6 (Catalase); EC 1.11.1.7 (hydroperoxidase II) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000735 TI[Peroxidase activity of succinylated catalase] ABThe catalase succinylation by succinic anhydride excess results in an almost complete dissociation of the enzyme into subunits possessing no catalase activity. The catalase subunits show the peroxidatic activity on o-dianisidine oxidation. The oxidation kinetics of this substrate by the succinylated enzyme was studied at various temperatures. The activation energy for this process is 10.1 kcal/mole. Within the temperature range of 31-65.5 degrees, the succinylated enzyme thermostability was studied by monitoring the peroxidatic activity decrease upon o-dianisidine oxidation. The activation energy for the succinylated catalase thermoinactivation equals to 15.5 kcal/mole. The peroxidatic activity of catalase subunits obtained by enzyme succinylation and acidic solution treatment was compared to that of horseradish peroxidase in the oxidation of the same substrate, i.e., o-dianisidine. AUArtemchik VD; Kurchenko VP; Metelitsa DI TT[Peroksidaznaia aktivnost' suktsinilirovannoi katalazy.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1183-8 MJCatalase; Isoenzymes; Peroxidases MNCattle; Kinetics; Liver /EN; Oxidation-Reduction; Succinic Anhydrides /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro RN50-32-8 (Benzo(a); 53-59-8 (NADP); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000736 TI[Induction of microsomal cytochromes in the rat liver after intravenous administration of emulsions of perfluoro-organic compounds] ABIntravenous injections of perfluoroorganic emulsions to rats in a dose of 3 ml/kg led to changes in the composition and activity of enzymes of the liver microsomal membrane monooxygenase system. At the peak of induction, i. e., on the 3rd post-injection day, the levels of microsomal cytochromes P-450 and b5 increased 2.8- and 1.9-fold, respectively, as compared to the control. Simultaneously, the rate of NADPH oxidation in the microsomes and the rate of hydroxylation of substrates I and II showed an increase. Conversely, the rate of NADPH-dependent peroxidation of microsomal lipids on the 2nd-4th post-injection days reached its minimal values. These injections stimulated the detoxicating function of rat liver as evidenced from the duration of the hexenal sleep of the animals. All the changes in the monooxygenase system parameters were temporary and reached the control level on the 10th-14th days after injection. It was demonstrated that the main component of the perfluoroorganic emulsions, perfluorodecalin, was responsible for the induction of the monooxygenase system enzymes. AUObraztsov VV; Shekhtman DG; Sologub GR; Beloiartsev FF TT[Induktsiia mikrosomal'nykh tsitokhromov v pecheni krys posle vnutrivennogo vvedeniia zhivotnym emul'sii perftoroorganicheskikh soedinenii.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1220-7 MJCytochrome P-450; Fluorocarbons /PD; Microsomes, Liver MNBenzo(a)pyrene /ME; Enzyme Induction /DE; Fluorocarbons /AD; Hydroxylation; Injections, Intravenous; Lipid Peroxides /ME; NADP /ME; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN52-53-9 (Verapamil); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 60-00-4 (EDTA); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0470-4606 LARussian JCA3B SBM UI86000737 TI[Participation of Ca-dependent systems in thrombocyte aggregation induced by the action of staphylococcal toxin and ADP] ABThe mechanism of ADP and staphylococcal toxin effect on the platelet aggregation has been studied on the rabbit's platelet-rich plasma. Ca2+-channels blockade of the cell membrane by verapamil resulted in considerable inhibition of aggregation induced by ADP and some weakening of toxin action. Binding of extracellular calcium EDTA inhibited sharply or blocked the aggregation of both inductors. It has been concluded that Ca2+ transport into cell is necessary chain in ADP and staphylococcal toxin effect but under the action of toxin transport Ca2+ into platelet is brought through a verapamil-resistant Ca2+-channels forming in the membrane under the interaction with toxin. AUBrill' GE TT[Ob uchastii Ca-zavisimykh sistem v agregatsii trombotsitov, vyzvannoi deistviem stafilokokkovogo toksina i ADF.] EM8601 SOBiol Nauki (USSR), 1985, (7) p23-6 MJAdenosine Diphosphate; Bacterial Toxins; Calcium; Ion Channels; Platelet Aggregation; Staphylococcus MNEDTA /PD; Rabbits; Time Factors; Verapamil /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0470-4606 LARussian JCA3B SBM UI86000738 TI[Analysis of the reproductive cycles of blood-sucking mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae)] ABThe classificatory scheme of morphofunctional description of ovariole system of blood-sucky mosquitoes has been elaborated. The formalized procedure for diagnostic of females reproductive status based on the ovary morphology has been described. Using this scheme a new method for estimation of reproductive age of mosquito females has been suggested. The analysis of the diagnostic quality of the reproductive age has been conducted using given method. AUSokolova MI; Smirnov NA TT[Analiz reproduktivnykh tsiklov krovososushchikh komarov (Diptera, Culicidae).] EM8601 SOBiol Nauki (USSR), 1985, (7) p32-7 MJMosquitoes /PH MNMathematics; Methods; Mosquitoes /AH; Ovary /AH /PH; Reproduction MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN9002-67-9 (LH) IS0470-4606 LARussian JCA3B SBM UI86000739 TI[Mechanisms of self-regulation and interaction of the central nervous system and of the hypophyseal-sexual system] ABLiterary review on the problem of regulation of the sexual glands functions by the central nervous system and the effect of the sex and tropine hormones on the brain formation activity is given. In experiments on rabbits and rats sexual steroid hormones have been shown to alter the bioelectric activity mainly in the structures of the Nauta septo-hypothalamo-hippocampal circle and the amygdalar circle of the limbic system. The data obtained suggested the steroid hormones participation in the processes of self-regulation of the cerebral reticulo-hypothalamo-limbic complex's functions by means of involving the limbic system circles into the process of reverberation. AUMalyshenko NM TT[Mekhanizmy samoreguliatsii i vzaimodeistviia tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy i gipofizarno-polovoi sistemy.] EM8601 SOBiol Nauki (USSR), 1985, (7) p5-18 MJCentral Nervous System /PH; Homeostasis; Ovary; Pituitary Gland /PH; Testis MNAdolescence; Adult; Brain /DE /PH; Central Nervous System /DE; Child, Preschool; Child; Electrophysiology; FSH /PH; Homeostasis /DE; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System /DE /PH; LH /PH; Models, Neurological; Neurons /DE /PH; Ovulation /DE; Pituitary Gland /DE; Rabbits; Rats; Sex Hormones /PH MCEnglish Abstract; Review MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 7732-18-5 (Water) IS0470-4606 LARussian JCA3B SBM UI86000740 TI[Dependence of the properties of dioxane-based scintillation systems on the concentration of the components] ABCharacteristics of dioxan-based scintillation system have been studied. A composition for scintillation cocktails ensuring an effective homogeneous count of radioactive water samples (0-8% V) at minimum expense of ethyl alcohol has been suggested. AUChepyzheva MA; Kolomiitseva GIa TT[Zavisimost' svoistv stsintilliatsionnykh sistem na osnove dioksana ot kontsentratsii nekotorykh komponentov.] EM8601 SOBiol Nauki (USSR), 1985, (7) p97-9 MJDioxanes; Dioxins; Scintillation Counting /ST MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Indicators and Reagents /PD; Scintillation Counting /MT; Solvents /PD; Tritium /DU; Water /PD MCEnglish Abstract IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000741 TINonmigrating rhythmic activity in the stomach and duodenum of neonates. ABWe studied gastrointestinal motility in 20 infants, using a modified manometric method for neonates, and compared it to that in adults. Changes in the intragastric and intraduodenal pressures were recorded for 3 h after the ingestion of milk. Bands of contractions with the same rhythmicity as phase III activity in adults were frequently recorded. Some of them migrated caudally and were speculated to the equivalent of phase III activity of the interdigestive migrating complex (IMC) in adults. However, others did not migrate and showed some differences from phase III activity of adults and infants in the time of occurrence, duration and amplitude. The characteristic of gastroduodenal motility in infants was the frequent occurrence of these bands of nonmigrating rhythmic concentrations. Our findings indicated the following problems: (1) there are some differences in gastrointestinal motility between infants and adults and further investigations are required for the evaluation of the physiology or pathophysiology of this phenomenon; (2) in infants, many bands of rhythmic contractions of the alimentary tracts can exist without migration. This indicates the possibility that the occurrence of rhythmic contractions and their migration are regulated by different mechanisms. AUTomomasa T; Itoh Z; Koizumi T; Kuroume T EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p1-9 MJDuodenum; Gastrointestinal Motility; Stomach MNAdult; Chickens; Hydrostatic Pressure; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Muscle Contraction MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human RN1333-74-0 (Hydrogen); 63-42-3 (Lactose) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000742 TISmall intestine transit time and lactose absorption during phototherapy. ABDiarrhea is often seen during phototherapy in jaundiced infants. Lactose malabsorption and reduced gut transit time (GTT) are some of the proposed explanations. However, the etiology of the diarrhea is still controversial. We investigated GTT and lactose absorption during phototherapy using the H2 breath test. Breath H2 was measured every 10 min for 150 min after feeding of jaundiced infants with and without phototherapy, and in controls. There were 12 newborns in each group. The time of increase of H2 excretion over 10 ppm was taken as the transit time. Lactose malabsorption was estimated by integrating the area under the excess H2 curve. No difference was found in GTT, lactose absorption, peak breath H2 and the time of the peak between phototherapy-treated infants and jaundiced and nonjaundiced infants. The results did not support the presence of lactose malabsorption during phototherapy and the decreased total GTT reported in the literature was not due to shortened small intestinal transit time. AUSivan Y; Dinari G; Goodman C; Merlob P; Nitzan M EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p10-4 MJGastrointestinal Motility; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Newborn; Lactose MNBreath Tests; Diarrhea /PP; Hydrogen /ME; Intestinal Absorption; Phototherapy MTHuman RN11062-77-4 (Superoxide) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000743 TIPolymorphonuclear leukocyte function in term and preterm newborn infants. ABBacterial infections are a major problem in the care for newborn infants. In search for immunological deficits we investigated phagocytosis and killing of staphylococci using polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) isolated from 2 ml of venous blood. Phagocytosis of PMN from preterm (n = 10) and newborn infants (n = 9; mean birth weights 1,949 and 3,523 g, respectively) was not different from that of adult PMN (n = 14). Killing capacity of PMN from preterm infants was markedly impaired compared to term newborn infants and to adult PMN. We found similar rates of superoxide anion production and similar times for activation in response to phorbolmyristate acetate stimulation. Our study gives further evidence that PMN from term newborn infants have normal phagocytotic and bactericidal capacity. In PMN from preterm newborn infants, however, the bactericidal capacity is diminished similar to newborn infants under stress as described earlier by others. AUGahr M; Blanke R; Speer CP EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p15-20 MJInfant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Neutrophils MNAdult; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Phagocytosis; Staphylococcus /IM; Superoxide /BI MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000744 TISequestration of 3H-vitamin D3 by the fetal and neonatal rat liver. AB19- to 21-day-old fetuses as well as 3-, 7-, 14-, and 22-day-old pups were used to evaluate the sequestration of a tracer dose of 3H-D3 by the fetal and neonatal rat liver. In fetuses, 3H-D3 was injected directly into the umbilical vein; in neonates, 3H-D3 was injected into the portal vein. In both cases, 14C-sucrose was used as extracellular marker. 3H-D3 sequestration was evaluated at 11.3 +/- 1.1% (means +/- SEM) in fetuses, 3.3 +/- 0.6, 4.9 +/- 0.6, 6.3 +/- 0.5 0.5 and 42.0 +/- 1.9% of the dose administered in 3-, 7-, 14-, and 22-day-old rats, respectively. These results clearly show that, in the rat, the fetal liver can take up 3H-D3. Moreover, when compared to the values obtained in the late fetal period, 3H-D3 uptake decreased significantly during the first 2 weeks post partum (p less than 0.0001) and then dramatically increased (6-fold, p less than 0.0001) between days 14 and 22 post partum, when it reached an uptake capacity similar to that previously observed in adult rats. AUMartial J; Plourde V; Gascon-Barre M EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p21-8 MJAnimals, Newborn; Cholecalciferols; Liver /ME MNAge Factors; Biological Transport; Liver /EM; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN58-08-2 (Caffeine) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000745 TIEffects of oral caffeine intubation on bones in protein-energy malnourished newborn rats. ABLactating dams with 8 suckling pups were fed either a 6% or a 20% protein diet from the birth of the pups to day 15. The pups were divided into caffeine and noncaffeine groups. Every other day between days 3 and 13, pups were either intubated with caffeine (1 mg/100 mg) dissolved in 0.1 ml physiological saline solution, or 0.1 ml saline solution as a control. On day 15, mandible and long bone weights, DNA, protein and calcium contents, collagen synthesis and 45Ca uptake in these bones of the pups were studied. Nutritional factors exercised consistent effects on all the studied parameters, but there was no difference in effects attributable to caffeine intubation, except the increased collagen synthesis in the long bones of the group with 6% protein diet with caffeine as compared to noncaffeine members of the same dietary group. We concluded that the direct administration of a relatively small amount of caffeine to newborns causes minor effects on bone development under certain nutritional conditions. AUBatirbaygil Y; Quinby GE Jr; Nakamoto T EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p29-35 MJAnimals, Newborn /ME; Bone Development; Caffeine; Protein-Calorie Malnutrition MNAnimals, Newborn /GD; Body Weight /DE; Growth /DE; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000746 TIStarvation-induced organ hypoplasia in prenatal and postnatal guinea pigs. ABThe severity and permanence of growth retardation was measured in guinea pigs starved for 3 weeks with a 50% ration in late gestation (prenatal), at birth (neonatal), or at weaning. Acute and chronic effects were assessed as body mass, skeletal length, hematology, and the weight, DNA and protein contents of the hearts, the lungs, and the livers of the starved and refed animals. Organ hypoplasia was most pronounced in the prenatally starved group, and was associated with numerous stillbirths. Among survivors, catch-up growth was eventually complete. Prenatal starvation of this species provides a reproducible model of human intrauterine growth retardation, particularly of the pulmonary system. AULechner AJ EM8601 IDHL-29640 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p36-42 MJFetal Growth Retardation /PP; Starvation MNAnimals, Newborn /PH; Animals, Suckling /PH; Disease Models, Animal; Fetal Growth Retardation /ET; Gestational Age; Guinea Pigs; Heart /EM /GD; Liver /EM /GD; Lung /EM /GD; Pregnancy MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN113-79-1 (Argipressin) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000747 TIChanges in plasma arginine vasopressin during transition from fetus to newborn following minimal trauma delivery of lambs and goats. ABVasopressin in umbilical arterial and venous blood is high at delivery and may be important in the maintenance of arterial pressure and absorption of lung liquid. We used chronically instrumented near-term fetal lambs and goats to investigate the changes in plasma vasopressin that occur during perinatal cardiovascular transition following cesarean section without labor. Plasma arginine vasopressin was more than 5 times greater 15 min following birth than immediately prior to clamping the umbilicus, and it fell progressively over the ensuing 2-5 h to levels not significantly different from before birth. Fifteen min after delivery, neither arterial pressure, blood gases, nor pH appeared to account for the increase. AULeffler CW; Crofton J; Brooks DP; Share L; Hessler JR; Green RS EM8601 IDHL12990 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p43-8 MJArgipressin; Goats; Labor; Sheep MNBlood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Cesarean Section; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pregnancy; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN54-31-9 (Furosemide); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000748 TIProtection by magnesium of renal calcinosis in furosemide-treated weanling rats with moderate magnesium deficiency. ABProlonged treatment of premature infants with the potent diuretic furosemide has resulted in hypercalciuria, sometimes with renal calcinosis and other complications. Furosemide was administered to weanling rats to explore its effect on magnesium and calcium metabolism. The animals were fed purified diets providing 40 mg magnesium/100 g diet or 10 mg magnesium/100 g. Half of each dietary group (40-F or 10-F) received 18 doses of furosemide, 20 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally between days 7 and 35, and half received normal saline intraperitoneally (40-O or 10-O). Furosemide had little effect on the magnesium-sufficient animals (40-F), but comparison of 10-O and 10-F data showed that it aggravated the magnesium-deficiency syndrome. Comparison of data from 40-F and 10-F animals showed the protective effect of magnesium in preserving calcium homeostasis in furosemide-treated animals: the elevation of calcium values in 10-F rats was greater in plasma (p less than 0.0005), heart (p less than 0.0025), and kidney (p less than 0.0005). Stated another way, furosemide was associated with severely disordered calcium metabolism only in animals fed suboptimal magnesium. Studies exploring the role of magnesium in furosemide-treated infants can be recommended. AUCaddell JL EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p49-58 MJCalcium; Furosemide; Kidney; Magnesium MNCalcium /UR; Magnesium /UR; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tissue Distribution; Water-Electrolyte Balance /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase); EC 3.2.1.20 (Alpha-Glucosidases); EC 3.2.1.48 (Sucrase); 9007-90-3 (Gliadin) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000749 TIInfluence of gliadin on fetal chick intestine in tissue culture. ABThe purpose of this study was to develop a model system for detecting biological effects of gliadin which may be related to coeliac disease. The technique applied was tissue culture of chicken duodenum at several stages of fetal development. A normally occurring increase in disaccharidase activities in cultured tissue explants was diminished by the presence of peptic-tryptic digested gliadin or of a tryptic fragment of alpha-gliadin (alpha-GT 18,000). The effect of peptic-tryptic digested gliadin was only demonstrable in the early phase of fetal development (days 10-14), and disappeared at day 16. The release of enzymes into the culture medium was decreased by gliadin at the 12th day of fetal development. The results suggest that gliadin inhibits the differentiation processes of the fetal intestine. AUMothes T; Muhle W ; Muller F ; Hekkens WT EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p59-64 MJDuodenum; Gliadin; Plant Proteins MNAge Factors; Alkaline Phosphatase /ME; Alpha-Glucosidases /ME; Caseins /PD; Chick Embryo; Duodenum /EM /EN; Microvilli /EN; Peptide Fragments /PD; Sucrase /ME; Tissue Culture MTAnimal IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000750 TIAutoregulation of cerebral blood flow in the newborn beagle puppy. ABRegional cerebral blood flow (RCBF) was measured in 17 newborn beagle puppies under conditions of moderate hypotension, normotension, and moderate hypertension. RCBF demonstrated autoregulation over the blood pressure range 35-70 mm Hg. When arterial pressure exceeded 75 mm Hg, RCBF increased significantly for all grey matter structures, 2 of 4 white matter structures, and 2 of 3 germinal matrix structures. The magnitude of the hypertension-induced increase in RCBF was highest for thalamic and mesencephalic nuclei, intermediate in cerebral cortex and other subcortical nuclei, and lowest in white matter. The hypertension-induced increase in CBF was low (similar to white matter) in some areas of germinal matrix but higher (similar to midline cerebral cortex) to rostral germinal matrix. The differences in RCBF during hypertension between rostral germinal matrix and cerebral white matter may partially explain the vulnerability of the germinal matrix to hemorrhage. AUPasternak JF; Groothuis DR EM8601 IDNS 20008 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(2) p100-9 MJAnimals, Newborn; Cerebrovascular Circulation MNAutoradiography; Blood Pressure; Cerebral Hemorrhage /ET; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Ependyma /BS; Homeostasis; Regional Blood Flow MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN71-63-6 (Digitoxin) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000751 TIEffect of digitoxin on vaginal epithelial differentiation in the Balb/c mouse. ABVaginal epithelial differentiation (VED) in the mouse and the human is the replacement of columnar by squamous epithelium in the vagina. This occurs in humans in late first and second trimesters of pregnancy and in mice after birth. In both diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure during the process is associated with persistence of columnar epithelium and later reproductive tract tumor. Cardiac glycosides are estrogenic in both species. The concern: could cardiac glycosides produce similar effects to those seen after DES? Digitoxin was administered to Balb/c neonates at increasing doses. VED occurred by 10 days in three low-dose groups. Cardiotoxic mortality precluded study at higher doses. Therefore digitoxin did not affect VED. AUGorwill RH; Steele HD EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(2) p110-3 MJDigitoxin; Vagina MNAnimals, Newborn; Cell Differentiation; Epithelium /CY /DE; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Vagina /DE MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-66-6 (Zinc) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000752 TIPlacental handling of zinc in the guinea pig. ABThe distribution of zinc between the mother and the fetoplacental unit, and its placental transfer, were studied using stable and isotopic zinc in unanaesthetized pregnant guinea pigs and an in situ perfusion preparation. The concentration of stable zinc in fetal plasma and skeletal muscle was higher than that in the maternal tissues: 2.0 compared with 1.4 micrograms/ml and 84 with 49 ng/mg dry weight, respectively. The placenta and maternal and fetal liver had similar zinc concentrations: 90, 75 and 88 ng/mg dry weight, respectively. The ability of the placenta to concentrate 65Zn, measured 1 h after a single intravenous injection into the unanaesthetized mother, was comparable with that of the maternal liver. Maternal-fetal mass transfer of zinc was directly related to maternal plasma zinc concentrations from 0.7 to 24.1 micrograms/ml (b = 2 ng X min-1 X g-1 X microgram-1, r = 0.92). At physiological plasma levels, the calculated transfer would supply the fetus with 0.12 mg zinc/day, similar to the accretion rate over the last trimester. Placental transfer of zinc was not influenced by the concentration of zinc in the placental perfusate. Extraction of zinc from the perfusate was also slow, and partly by absorption. Maternofetal transfer of zinc was directly related to both uterine and umbilical blood flows. The high concentration of zinc in the syncytium, relative to both maternal and fetal plasma levels, suggests active uptake at the maternal surface, combined with a slow release into the fetus, down a concentration gradient. AUSimmer K; Dwight JS; Brown IM; Thompson RP; Young M EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(2) p114-21 MJPlacenta; Zinc MNBlood Gas Analysis; Guinea Pigs; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Rheology MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN63-42-3 (Lactose); 68608-58-2 (whey) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000753 TIEvaluation in guinea pigs of the allergenic capacity of two infant formulae based on hydrolyzed milk proteins. ABThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential capacity of infant formulae based, respectively, on hydrolyzed casein and on hydrolyzed whey proteins to induce sensitization in guinea pigs. This potential capacity was tested by intravenous challenges with centrifuged formulae and by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. The results showed that neither formula was sensitizing, therefore suggesting that protein hydrolyzates can be considered a suitable cow's milk substitute for infants with cow's milk protein intolerance. However, further studies are necessary in order to investigate whether these hydrolyzates are not allergenic in infants as well. AUGranati B; Marioni L; Rubaltelli FF EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(2) p122-4 MJHypersensitivity; Infant Food; Milk Proteins MNCaseins /IM; Guinea Pigs; Hydrolysis; Lactose /IM MTAnimal RN138-81-8 (2,3-diphosphoglycerate); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen); 9007-74-3 (Fetal Hemoglobin) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000755 TIPostnatal changes in fetal hemoglobin, oxygen affinity and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in previously transfused preterm infants. ABWe observed a temporary rise in the percentage of fetal hemoglobin (HbF%) in small preterm infants after cessation of frequent replacement transfusions. We prospectively studied 10 very low birthweight infants, who received frequent transfusions in the first several weeks of life, to determine the influence on oxygen affinity (P50). After cessation of frequent transfusions, those 5 infants whose HbF% increased to the highest values (mean 58%) had a lower oxygen affinity (P50 = 23.3 Torr, p less than 0.05) than the remaining 5 infants whose increase in HbF% was less marked, to an average of only 29% (P50 = 24.5 Torr). However, in light of the small difference in P50, we feel that a rise in HbF% by itself after a period of frequent transfusions is unlikely to restrict oxygen delivery except under stressful conditions. AUBrown MS; Phipps RH; Dallman PR EM8601 IDAM13897; HD07162 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(2) p70-6 MJDiphosphoglyceric Acids; Fetal Hemoglobin; Infant, Premature; Oxygen MNBlood Transfusion; Hematocrit; Infant, Newborn; Time Factors; Twins MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.3.1. (Acetyltransferases); EC 2.3.1.7 (Carnitine Acetyltransferase); 541-15-1 (Carnitine) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000756 TICarnitine and carnitine transferases in the intestinal mucosa of suckling rats. ABCarnitine acetyltransferase and palmitoyltransferase activity in the mucosa of the small intestine of rats rises after birth and falls at the time of weaning. The carnitine contents of the mucosa (free, acetyl-, palmitoyl- and total) decrease postnatally, reaching adult levels at the time of weaning. Orally administered 14C-carnitine is only slowly absorbed so that radioactivity is still high in plasma and organs 6 h later, whereas label given subcutaneously disappears from the plasma and tissues more rapidly. The intestinal mucosa also takes up carnitine from 14C-carnitine administered subcutaneously. It is concluded that carnitine plays an important role in the gut of suckling rats. AUHahn P; Chanez C; Hamilton J EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(2) p77-84 MJAcetyltransferases; Animals, Suckling; Animals; Carnitine Acetyltransferase; Carnitine; Intestinal Mucosa MNAge Factors; Intestinal Absorption; Milk /ME; Mitochondria, Muscle /EN; Mitochondria /EN; Rats; Stomach /EN; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000757 TIRelationship between resting glucose consumption and insulin secretion in the ovine fetus. ABIn the chronically catheterized fetal sheep, umbilical glucose uptake has previously been found to be related to maternal glucose concentration over a wide range of values. The relative contribution of fetal insulin secretion to resting umbilical glucose uptake has not previously been assessed. Simultaneous measurements of umbilical glucose uptake and an estimate of fetal insulin secretory rate were performed in 21 fetal lambs in late gestation over 1-hour sampling periods. Because of the relatively narrow range of maternal blood glucose concentrations, no relationship was apparent between maternal glucose concentration and umbilical glucose uptake. However, a significant relationship was present between the area beneath the insulin concentration curve, a rough estimate of insulin secretory rate, and umbilical glucose uptake. The data suggest that fetal insulin secretory rate may be an important regulator of fetal glucose uptake under physiologic circumstances. AUPhilipps AF; Porte PW; Raye JR EM8601 IDAM 16067 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(2) p85-9 MJBlood Glucose; Fetus; Insulin /SE; Islands of Langerhans MNInsulin /BL; Islands of Langerhans /SE; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Sheep MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 541-50-4 (acetoacetic acid) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000758 TIEffects of fasting on glucose turnover rate and metabolite levels in conscious pregnant guinea pigs. ABThe effect of fasting during pregnancy is of particular interest in the guinea pig because of the large fetal mass carried to term. The present studies examined the effect of acute and chronic starvation on maternal glucose turnover in the guinea pig. In the first experiment, 7 near-term pregnant guinea pigs were fasted for 6 h. The maternal glucose concentration and glucose production decreased rapidly, falling to about 65-70% of fed levels at 4 h of starvation. Mothers demonstrated a 2.6-fold elevation in ketoacids after 2, 4 and 6 h starvation. In a second experiment, 5 non-pregnant and 11 near-term pregnant animals were studied in the control period and after 24 h of fasting. The maternal glucose concentration in the control state was independent of fetal mass. The maternal glucose turnover rate in the fed state correlated linearly with fetal mass. After 24 h of fasting, the glucose concentration and glucose turnover rate both decreased, with the magnitude of each decrease proportional to fetal mass. We conclude that, in the pregnant guinea pig, the fetal mass impacts significantly on maternal glucose metabolism in the fed and fasting states. AUGilbert M; Sparks JW; Girard J; Battaglia FC EM8601 IDHD00781-19 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(2) p90-9 MJFasting; Glucose; Pregnancy, Animal MNAcetates /BL; Acetoacetates /BL; Amino Acids /BL; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified /ME; Fetus /AH; Guinea Pigs; Hydroxybutyrates /BL; Lactates /BL; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Pregnancy MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000759 TICounting counts [editorial] AURobins E EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1037-8 MJPsychotic Disorders /PX; Suicide MNPsychotic Disorders /DI MTHuman IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000760 TIAbnormal cerebrospinal fluid protein indices in schizophrenia. ABDeterminations of albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were performed in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 24 subjects with schizophrenia. These determinations allowed calculation of two indices, one that is an indicator of integrity of the blood-brain barrier and the other a measure of selective IgG production within the central nervous system (CNS). In comparison with previously determined reference values, 7 of 24 (29%) subjects showed increased blood-brain barrier permeability, and 8 of 24 (33%) demonstrated elevated endogenous CNS IgG production. One of these eight also demonstrated oligoclonal banding on high-resolution protein electrophoresis of the CSF. AUKirch DG; Kaufmann CA; Papadopoulos NM; Martin B; Weinberger DR EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1039-46 MJCerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Schizophrenia MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Blood-Brain Barrier; Electroconvulsive Therapy; IgG /CF; Middle Age; Reference Values; Schizophrenia /IM /TH; Serum Albumin /CF MTFemale; Human; Male RN24305-27-9 (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone); 6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine); 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000761 TIFree triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in a group of unipolar depressed patients and normal subjects. ABWe examined levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) in serum from a group of 32 patients with unipolar major depression and 46 normal control subjects using the Amerlex (Amersham, Arlington Heights, IL) RIA procedures for these hormones. Free T3 levels were significantly lower (p less than 0.004) in the depressed patients as a group (5.02 +/- 1.01 pmol/L, mean +/- SD) than in the normal control subjects (5.74 +/- 1.23 pmol/L). Free T3 levels were lower (p less than 0.01) in depressed men (5.25 +/- 1.43 pmol/L) when compared with male control subjects (6.46 +/- 1.01 pmol/L). Depressed women (4.78 +/- 0.60 pmol/L) also had lower T3 levels than did the female control subjects (5.09 +/- 1.06 pmol/L), but the difference was not statistically significant. Lower fT3 levels were also observed in melancholic depressed patients when compared with nonmelancholic depressed patients or when compared with normal control subjects. No differences in fT4 were observed between groups in this study. AUOrsulak PJ; Crowley G; Schlesser MA; Giles D; Fairchild C; Rush AJ EM8601 IDMH35370 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1047-54 MJDepressive Disorder; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Middle Age; Radioimmunoassay; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone /DU; Thyrotropin /BL MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-67-9 (Serotonin) IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000763 TIDaily patterns of serotonin uptake in platelets from psychiatric patients and control volunteers. ABSerotonin (5-HT) uptake into platelets from psychiatric patients and controls was measured in the morning and afternoon. Uptake varied with time of day in both groups studied, resulting in four recognizable patterns. Two patterns occurred in the majority of controls. In contrast, uptake patterns in the psychiatric patients were more variable, with each of the four patterns clearly represented. However, except for the fact that uptake was significantly decreased throughout the day in depressed patients, the patterns were not otherwise linked statistically to clinical condition. In any event, the greater variability of daily 5-HT uptake patterns in patients suggests that psychiatric disorders linked presumably to central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction are in some way reflected by labile platelet 5-HT pharmacokinetics. AUHumphries LL; Shirley P; Allen M; Codd EE; Walker RF EM8601 IDNIH/AG 02867 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1073-81 MJBlood Platelets; Mental Disorders; Serotonin MNAdolescence; Adult; Anorexia Nervosa /BL; Circadian Rhythm; Depressive Disorder /BL; Hyperphagia /BL; Kinetics; Middle Age; Psychotic Disorders /BL MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 60617-12-1 (beta-endorphin); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000764 TITardive dyskinesia: relation to computer-tomographic, endocrine, and psychopathological variables. ABSeverity of tardive dyskinesia (TD) and psychopathology of 36 chronic schizophrenic patients under long-term treatment with neuroleptics (NL) was rated during NL therapy and again 12 days after NL withdrawal. Both times serum levels of prolactin, norepinephrine, beta-endorphin, and cortisol were determined. In 27 of these patients ventricular-brain ratio, width of third ventricle, maximal width of anterior horns, distance between choroid plexus, and width of four largest sulci were also measured. Fifteen patients had no signs of TD; 14 had moderate, and 7 severe TD. TD was not related to age, age at onset of illness, duration of illness, dosage and type of neuroleptics, number of ECTs, or any endocrine variable. Psychopathology was barely related to TD, but after NL withdrawal, patients with TD tended to show more deterioration, particularly with regard to thought disorder and activation. With regard to computer-tomographic (CT) variables, patients without TD showed significantly less sulcal enlargement than those with TD. These results indicate that individual predisposition, which may have led to the development of TD, also seems to involve a higher risk of relapse after NL withdrawal. AUAlbus M; Naber D; Muller-Spahn F ; Douillet P; Reinertshofer T; Ackenheil M EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1082-9 MJDyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Hormones; Schizophrenia; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tranquilizing Agents, Major MNAdult; Brain /PA; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced /PA /PX; Endorphins /BL; Hydrocortisone /BL; Middle Age; Norepinephrine /BL; Prolactin /BL; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome /DI; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /TU MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN458-24-2 (Fenfluramine); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-64-9 (Dextroamphetamine) IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000765 TIA comparison of the acute effects of dextroamphetamine and fenfluramine in depression. ABFenfluramine (Fen) 40 mg, a selective releaser of serotonin, and dextroamphetamine (Dex) 15 mg were administered in a double-blind crossover design to 16 subjects with major affective disorder, depression. Three hours after administration both drugs significantly improved depression and improved vigor, fatigue, and confusion-bewilderment on the subscales of the Profile of Mood States. Dex was significantly better than Fen only on the vigor and fatigue subscales. Other data from this study suggest that when used acutely Fen can mimic long-term antidepressant effects, whereas the acute effects of Dex are similar to its stimulating effects in normals. AUWard NG; Ang J; Pavinich G EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1090-7 MJDepressive Disorder; Dextroamphetamine; Fenfluramine MNAdult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Depressive Disorder /PX; Double-Blind Method; Middle Age; Norepinephrine /BL; Psychological Tests; Serotonin /BL MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN458-24-2 (Fenfluramine); 50-67-9 (Serotonin) IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000766 TIPilot study on the effects of fenfluramine on negative symptoms in twelve schizophrenic inpatients. ABWe treated 12 chronic schizophrenic inpatients with fenfluramine, an anorexigenic drug that depletes serotonin, to test the hypothesis that the ╥negative╙ symptoms of schizophrenia might be related to brain serotonin activity. We measured change in both positive and negative symptoms in a double-blind, parallel-design trial of fenfluramine or placebo. Negative symptoms improved over time in some individuals within the active treatment group, but not in individuals within the placebo group. However, group comparisons of active treatment versus placebo were not significant. AUStahl SM; Uhr SB; Berger PA EM8601 IDMH-30854 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1098-102 MJFenfluramine; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology MNAdult; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Middle Age; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Serotonin /BL MTHuman; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.5.1.1 (Asparaginase); 0 (polyethyleneglycol-asparaginase); 56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid); 7006-34-0 (Asparagine) IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000767 TIUse of the polyethylene glycol adduct of L-asparaginase for the treatment of hyperasparaginemia in a schizophrenic patient. ABA man with hyperasparaginemia, presumably due to chronic deficiency of asparaginase activity, had been schizophrenic and unresponsive to antipsychotic drugs for at least 22 years. He was given repeated injections of bacterial L-asparaginase rendered relatively nonimmunogenic by covalent binding to polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG-asparaginase lowered plasma asparagine concentrations from 4 to 5 SD above normal down to undetectable levels, and eliminated asparagine from the cerebrospinal fluid. Despite biochemical correction lasting at least 55 days, the patient did not improve psychiatrically. Experience limited to this single patient suggests that PEG-asparaginase therapy is relatively innocuous, but does not clarify whether there is an etiological relationship between hyperasparaginemia and psychiatric illness. AUPerry TL; Wright JM; Hansen S; Davis FF; Abuchowski A EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1103-8 MJAmino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Asparaginase /TU; Asparagine; Polyethylene Glycols; Schizophrenia MNAdult; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors /EN; Asparaginase /DF; Aspartic Acid /BL; Brain /EN; Schizophrenia /EN MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN439-14-5 (Diazepam) IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000768 TIThe effect of nonsedating doses of diazepam on regional cerebral blood flow. ABDrugs like diazepam induce tranquilization in small doses and sedation in larger quantities. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured before and 5 min after the intravenous administration of nonsedating doses of diazepam or placebo (given on a double-blind basis) to 20 right-handed volunteers. Subjects who received diazepam showed marked right hemispheric rCBF decreases, especially in the frontal lobe, whereas controls did not show significant differences between the two sets of values. None of the subjects became sleepy during the experiment. AUMathew RJ; Wilson WH; Daniel DG EM8601 IDMH 38627 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1109-16 MJCerebrovascular Circulation; Diazepam MNAdult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Frontal Lobe /BS; Occipital Lobe /BS; Parietal Lobe /BS; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Temporal Lobe /BS MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000769 TINormal pressure hydrocephalus and psychiatric patients. AUDewan MJ; Bick PA EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1127-31 MJHydrocephalus, Normal Pressure; Hydrocephalus; Organic Mental Disorders, Psychotic MNCerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; Dementia /ET; Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure /SU; Manic Disorder /ET; Schizophrenia /ET MTHuman IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000770 TILateralization of visual hallucinations in chronic schizophrenia. AUBracha HS; Cabrera FJ Jr; Karson CN; Bigelow LB EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1132-6 MJDominance, Cerebral; Hallucinations; Schizophrenic Psychology; Visual Perception MNAdult; Auditory Perception; Chronic Disease MTFemale; Human; Male IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000771 TIGender effects seen in the cerebral ventricular/brain ratio (VBR). AUBridge TP; Parker ES; Ingraham L; Bickham CE EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1136-8 MJBrain; Cerebral Ventricles; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Body Height; Middle Age; Reference Values; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN599-79-1 (Salicylazosulfapyridine) IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000772 TIPersonality traits and acetylator status. AUSaiz-Ruiz J; Aguilera JC EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1138-40 MJPersonality Disorders; Salicylazosulfapyridine; Sulfonamides MNAcetylation; Adult; Depressive Disorder /FG; MMPI MTFemale; Human; Male IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000773 TIGilles de la Tourette syndrome and the neurological basis of obsessions and compulsions. ABGilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a chronic neurological disorder manifested by involuntary motor tics and vocalizations. Many GTS patients also suffer from obsessions and compulsions. The clinical similarities between GTS and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), their occurrence among members of the same families, and the fact that both can be observed as symptoms of known basal ganglia disturbances suggest that GTS and OCD share common neurological mechanisms. It is hypothesized that the tics and vocalizations of GTS are aberrant manifestations of simple motor programs that are spontaneously generated by the basal ganglia and that obsessions and compulsions represent more complex motor plans initiated by similar anomalous activities. AUCummings JL; Frankel M EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p117-26 MJGilles de la Tourette's Disease /PP; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder /PP; Organic Mental Disorders /PP MNBasal Ganglia /PP; Gilles de la Tourette's Disease /DI /FG; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder /DI /FG; Organic Mental Disorders /DI /FG MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0301-0511 LAEnglish JCA3U SBM UI86000774 TIIntroversion, attention and the late positive component of event-related potentials. ABVariation in P3 amplitude across normal individuals under the same experimental conditions has been routinely observed. The possibility that such variation reflects individual differences in the allocation of attention was examined by comparing P3 amplitude in introverts and extraverts, who are thought to differ in the allocation of attention during monotonous tasks. Event-related potentials were recorded while the subjects participated in a lengthy stimulus prediction task. P3 amplitude was determined by principal components analysis and it was found to be significantly larger for the introverts than for the extraverts. This finding is interpreted as evidence that P3 amplitude is sensitive to individual differences in the allocation of attention. AUDaruna JH; Karrer R; Rosen AJ EM8601 SOBiol Psychol (Netherlands), Jun 1985, 20(4) p249-59 MJAttention; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Introversion (Psychology) MNAdult; Extraversion (Psychology); Reaction Time MTFemale; Human; Male IS0301-0511 LAEnglish JCA3U SBM UI86000775 TICardiac responses to psychological tasks: impedance cardiographic studies. ABIn a series of studies, cardiac activity, assessed with an impedance cardiograph, was monitored as college students performed either a visual search or pursuit rotor task. Heart rate, systolic time intervals, stroke volume, cardiac output and the Heather (1969) index of contractility were measured before, during and after performance. In the first study, visual search did not affect the participants' (N = 44) level of cardiac output or their length of the pre-ejection period. It is likely that the lack of charge in cardiac output resulted from a fall in stroke volume and in the Heather index while the task was performed. Heart rate was most rapid during performance and emerged as the only measure affected by the withdrawal of monetary incentives for failure to solve the visual search problem. In the second study, 40 subjects performed a pursuit rotor task and increases in cardiac output as well as changes in all of the other cardiac measures occurred. The level of task difficulty influenced the extent of heart rate increases and stroke volume decreases during performance. An additional 20 male subjects participated in a third study in which the level of difficulty of the pursuit rotor task was signalled and the order of the levels of difficulty was balanced across trial blocks. Under these conditions, the changes in cardiac activity before, during and after performance were similar to those observed in the first two studies. Heart rate was the only measure sensitive to the level of task difficulty. In general, the findings underscore the sensitivity of heart rate to changes in subtle aspects of psychological situations. To enlist increases in cardiac output and inotropic parameters extensive alterations in behavioral state are required. AUHarrell JP; Clark VR EM8601 SOBiol Psychol (Netherlands), Jun 1985, 20(4) p261-83 MJHeart; Psychomotor Performance; Visual Perception MNAdolescence; Adult; Cardiac Output; Cardiography, Impedance; Heart Rate; Motivation; Myocardial Contraction; Stroke Volume; Systole MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0301-0511 LAEnglish JCA3U SBM UI86000776 TITranscutaneous partial oxygen tension and skin blood flow monitoring: continuous, noninvasive measures of cardiorespiratory change. ABTranscutaneous partial oxygen tension (tc pO2) and skin blood flow (via heat clearance) were measured noninvasively in 22 male subjects who performed stress-inducing tasks (i.e. hand-grip exercise, cold pressor test, breath holding, hyperventilation and mirror-tracing). An analysis of variance and covariance was conducted for tc pO2, heat clearance, heart rate, respiration rate, finger pulse volume and systolic/diastolic blood pressure. Results indicate that tc pO2 can depict phasic cardiorespiratory challenge. Heat clearance proved to be less sensitive to the demand conditions used here. An analysis of covariance revealed a negative correlation between tc pO2 and blood pressure and respiration rate, as well as a positive correlation between tc pO2 and heat clearance. This suggests that phasic changes in tc pO2 are induced by both peripheral vasomotor activity and changes in arterial pO2. AUGreenlee MW; Akita M EM8601 SOBiol Psychol (Netherlands), Jun 1985, 20(4) p285-94 MJCardiovascular System; Monitoring, Physiologic; Respiration; Stress MNAdult; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Heart Rate; Oxygen /PH; Polarography; Skin Temperature; Skin /BS MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000777 TIPheromone-induced reproductive inhibition in young female Peromyscus leucopus. ABSoiled bedding and urine from adult female white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were tested for their capacity to inhibit reproduction of young females. Test animals were given either physical or airborne contact with soiled bedding from adult females, adult female urine, clean bedding, or water from 21 to 150 days of age. Results indicate that reproductive inhibition is due to an airborne pheromone emitted by the adult females as a component of their urine. In the second experiment, young female mice were exposed to an adult female for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, or 24 h/day from 21 to 150 days of age. Results from this experiment show that exposure to adult females of as little as 3 h/day was sufficient to cause reproductive inhibition to occur. This phenomenon has important implications in terms of both female-female reproductive competition and socially mediated population regulation. AUHaigh GR; Lounsbury DM; Gordon TA EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p271-6 MJPeromyscus; Pheromones; Reproduction MNPregnancy MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000778 TIFollicular fluid effects on progesterone secretion are not due to follicle-stimulating hormone or steroids. ABAn antiserum raised against porcine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was unable to eliminate the stimulatory action of fluid from large antral porcine follicles on progesterone secretion by granulosa cells from small antral porcine follicles. The same titers of the antiserum were completely effective at eliminating the effect of 2 micrograms of NIH-FSH-P12, whereas maximal stimulation of progesterone secretion was observed with 0.5 micrograms FSH/ml. The androgen and estrogen concentrations measured in charcoal-treated inhibitory follicular fluid from small porcine antral follicles and from stimulatory follicular fluid from large follicles were added separately and together to culture media supplemented with serum to determine if these low concentrations (5 X 10(-11) to 5 X 10(-10) M) of steroids could mimic the actions of follicular fluid on progesterone secretion. Neither the inhibitory nor the stimulatory actions of the follicular fluids could be mimicked by these low concentrations of steroids. Higher concentration of steroids (10(-8) to 10(-7) M range) did stimulate progesterone secretion as reported by others. Our data indicate that the actions of charcoal-treated follicular fluids on granulosa cell progesterone secretion cannot be explained by difference in FSH or steroid contents between the inhibitory and stimulatory fluids and serum. AULedwitz-Rigby F; Petito SH; Tyner JK; Rigby BW EM8601 IDRR-07176 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p277-85 MJFSH; Graafian Follicle; Granulosa Cells /PH; Progesterone MNGranulosa Cells /DE; Swine MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 50-28-2 (Estradiol) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000779 TIEvidence for the existence of substance P in the prepubertal rat ovary. I. Biochemical and physiologic studies. ABThe presence of substance P (SP) in the immature rat ovary was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) of acidic extracts. The extracts produced an inhibition-displacement curve of 125I-SP binding parallel to that generated by authentic SP in the SP RIA. Initial chromatographic characterization of ovarian SP in Sephadex G-25 revealed the presence of a molecular form that coeluted with authentic SP and a more abundant component that eluted earlier, suggesting the presence of a heavier peptide, immunologically similar to SP. Nevertheless, further characterization of these two seemingly different components by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated that both of them had a retention time similar to that of authentic SP. The ovarian concentration of SP-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) varied in relation to the onset of puberty, with values increasing significantly between the late juvenile phase and the day of first proestrus. Substance P seems to be devoid of steroidogenic capacity since SP itself and its stable analog [pGlu5,MePhe8,Sar9]-SP5-11 (SP-A) failed to stimulate steroid secretion from either granulosa cells in culture or ovarian fragments in short-term incubation. Substance P also failed to stimulate prostaglandin E2 release from whole ovaries and to modify the steroidal response of cultured granulosa cells to follicle-stimulating hormone and to the beta 2-adrenergic agonist Zinterol. Production of SP-LI from granulosa cells in culture could not be detected under either basal or gonadotropin-stimulated conditions. These observations and the distribution of the peptide within the ovary presented in the companion paper (Dees et al., this issue) strongly suggest that SP is not directly involved in regulating steroidogenesis. Instead, SP may be a component of the so-called sensory innervation of the ovary, and among other undisclosed functions it may contribute to the regulation of ovarian blood flow. AUOjeda SR; Costa ME; Katz KH; Hersh LB EM8601 IDNIDA 02243 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p286-95 MJOvary; Substance P /PH MNCells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Estradiol /SE; Ovary /SE; Prostaglandins E /SE; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Substance P /AN MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.2.1.- (alpha-1,4-glucosidase); EC 3.2.1.- (Glucosidases); EC 3.2.1.20 (Alpha-Glucosidases); 541-15-1 (Carnitine) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000780 TIMajor contribution of epididymis to alpha-glucosidase content of ram seminal plasma. ABAcid alpha-glucosidase and L-carnitine (a well-known epididymal marker) were measured in rete testis and epididymal fluids of adult male rams. These fluids were collected by selective catheterization or by a micropuncture technique, respectively. Both parameters remained at a low and constant level in rete testis and all along caput and corpus epididymidis. Then they increased at equivalent rates in cauda epididymidis to much higher levels than those in seminal plasma (5 mU/mg protein and 10 mM, respectively). An optimum pH study of alpha-glucosidase activity in these fluids showed two well-separated peaks in rete testis and caput epididymal fluids around pH 4 and 7, respectively, but only a single peak at pH 4 in cauda epididymidis that was comparable to the one in seminal plasma. Sucrose density gradient fractions analyzed for their enzyme content in the absence or presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (1% w/v), a selective inhibitor of acid alpha-glucosidase activity, allowed the demonstration of two enzyme forms at pH 6.8 in rete testis fluid sedimenting in the 7S and 4S regions of the gradient, while a unique 4S form was encountered in cauda epididymidis and in seminal plasma. Although the fate of the minor 7S component of the rete testis fluid in its epididymal transit is presently unknown, similarities between the enzyme in cauda epididymidis and seminal plasma are strong enough to support the hypothesis that epididymis contributes primarily to the acid alpha-glucosidase content of ram seminal plasma. AUBesancon J ; Dacheux JL; Paquin R; Tremblay RR EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p296-301 MJAlpha-Glucosidases; Carnitine; Epididymis /ME; Glucosidases; Rete Testis /ME; Semen; Testis MNEpididymis /EN; Rete Testis /EN; Sheep MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-85-2 (Testosterone) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000781 TISexual maturation in male Belding's ground squirrels: influence of body weight. ABThe relation between body weight and sexual maturation was examined in a hibernator, Belding's ground squirrel, by manipulating the availability of food to weaned juvenile males. Following body weight manipulation in the summer, testicular growth, serum testosterone, and spermatogenesis were monitored during the subsequent year, which included 7 mo when males were in the coldroom (ca. 8 degrees C), followed by 5 mo in the laboratory (ca. 20 degrees C). Juveniles (less than 1 yr old) maintained on a restricted diet entered the coldroom at normal body weights for their age class in nature and had immature gonads throughout the year, which is characteristic of this group in the field. In contrast, juveniles given abundant food during the summer entered the coldroom at body weights typical for free-living yearlings and exhibited mature gonads shortly after males were removed from the cold (high relative testis weights, high serum testosterone levels, and all stages of spermatogenesis). The high level of gonadal activity in overfed males was confined to a period of a few weeks in the spring, which coincided with the time when mating occurs in nature. The ability of male Belding's ground squirrels to accumulate body weight prior to hibernation seems important to sexual maturation in this seasonally breeding rodent. AUBushberg DM; Holmes WG EM8601 IDHD-11311 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p302-8 MJBody Weight; Sciuridae; Sex Maturation MNOrgan Weight; Seasons; Spermatogenesis; Testis /PH; Testosterone /BL MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN28831-65-4 (lithospermic acid); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000782 TIEffect of purified lithospermic acid and its oxidation product on luteinizing hormone release in vitro. ABCrude aqueous extracts of the plant Lithospermum ruderale have been shown to have antigonadotropic activity that resides in its polyphenolic fractions. This study examined the ability of one such polyphenol, lithospermic acid (LA), and its oxidation product(s) (oxyLA) to inhibit luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in vitro. Primary pituitary cultures were exposed for 4.5 or 6 h to either LA or oxyLA. In the presence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), oxyLA was at least 10 times more potent than LH in inhibiting LH release. In the absence of GnRH, oxyLA but not LA caused an increase in LH release. After washing to remove the oxyLA and LA, cultures were challenged with GnRH. Only cultures pretreated with oxyLA showed a decrease in GnRH-stimulated LH release. These results indicate that oxyLA may contain the primary antigonadotropic agents in L. ruderale. The different responses observed in the presence and absence of GnRH, and the morphologic features of the oxyLA-treated cultures, suggest that the mechanism of action may involve the cell membrane of the gonadotrope. AUFindley WE; Hollstein U; Besch PK EM8601 IDRR-05425 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p309-15 MJBenzofurans /PD; LH; Pituitary Gland, Anterior MNBenzofurans /ME; Cells, Cultured; Pituitary Gland, Anterior /SE; Pituitary Hormone Releasing Hormones /DU; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000783 TIChanges in patterns of luteinizing hormone secretion before and after the first ovulation in the postpartum mare. ABTo determine whether luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion during the first estrous cycle postpartum is characterized by pulsatile release, circulating LH concentrations were measured in 8 postpartum mares, 4 of which had been treated with 150 mg progesterone and 10 mg estradiol daily for 20 days after foaling to delay ovulation. Blood samples were collected every 15 min for 8 h on 4 occasions: 3 times during the follicular phase (Days 2-4, 5-7, and 8-11 after either foaling or end of steroid treatment), and once during the luteal phase (Days 5-8 after ovulation). Ovulation occurred in 4 mares 13.2 +/- 0.6 days postpartum and in 3 of 4 mares 12.0 +/- 1.1 days post-treatment. Before ovulation, low-amplitude LH pulses (approximately 1 ng/ml) were observed in 3 mares; such LH pulses occurred irregularly (1-2/8 h) and were unrelated to mean circulating LH levels, which gradually increased from less than 1 ng/ml at foaling or end of steroid treatment to maximum levels (12.3 ng/ml) within 48 h after ovulation. In contrast, 1-3 high-amplitude LH pulses (3.7 +/- 0.7 ng/ml) were observed in 6 of 7 mares during an 8-h period of the luteal phase. The results suggest that in postpartum mares LH release is pulsatile during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle, whereas before ovulation LH pulses cannot be readily identified. AUFitzgerald BP; I'Anson H; Legan SJ; Loy RG EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p316-23 MJHorses; LH /SE; Ovulation; Puerperium MNLH /BL; Pregnancy MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000784 TISeasonal changes in pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in the ewe: relationship of frequency of LH pulses to day length and response to estradiol negative feedback. ABSeasonal changes in pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in ovariectomized ewes were examined over the course of 2 yr in relation to annual changes in environmental photoperiod, shifts in response to estradiol negative feedback control of LH secretion, and timing of the breeding season. Under natural environmental conditions, the frequency of LH pulses in individual ovariectomized ewes changed gradually and in close association with the annual cycle of day length. As days became shorter in late summer and autumn, LH pulse frequency increased; conversely, as day length increased in late winter and spring, frequency declined. Under artificial conditions in which ovariectomized ewes were exposed to different photoperiods, a similar inverse relationship was observed between day length and LH pulse frequency. The seasonal changes in frequency of LH pulses in ovariectomized ewes, although symmetric with the annual photoperiodic cycle, were not temporally coupled to the dramatic shifts in response to estradiol feedback inhibition of LH secretion at the transitions between breeding season and anestrus. The feedback shifts occurred abruptly and at times when LH pulse frequency in ovariectomized ewes was at, or near, the annual maximum or minimum. The tight coupling between LH pulse frequency and photoperiod leads to the conclusion that there is a photoperiodic drive to the LH pulse-generating system of the ewe. The temporal dissociation between changes in this photoperiodic drive and the seasonal shifts in response to estradiol negative feedback support the hypothesis that the neuroendocrine basis for these two phenomena is not one and the same. AURobinson JE; Radford HM; Karsch FJ EM8601 IDHD-11311; HD-18337 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p324-34 MJEstradiol; LH /SE; Light; Seasons MNFeedback; LH /BL; Ovariectomy; Sheep MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-85-2 (Testosterone); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000785 TIDesensitization of mouse Leydig cells in vivo: evidence for the depletion of cellular cholesterol. ABThe study presents a characterization of the refractory state in purified mouse Leydig cells desensitized by a single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in vivo. The treatment of mice with 1 microgram hCG i.p. for 48 h followed by Leydig cell isolation and purification resulted in a decrease in the maxima of hCG-induced cAMP accumulation and testosterone production by approximately 70% and approximately 55%, respectively, when compared to cells of control mice. Despite a 55% reduction in 125I-hCG binding sites, the sensitivity of stimulation was not changed. The refractoriness in testosterone production in vitro was also present when the Leydig cells were stimulated with cholera toxin or dibutyryl cAMP; however, it was not observed when testosterone production was induced by the addition of pregnenolone or 20 alpha- and 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol. Mouse lipoproteins, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in natural composition, were also able to overcome the steroidogenic block (although not always completely). On the basis of the cholesterol content of the lipoproteins, the two classes were similarly effective. They increased maximal hCG-induced testosterone production not only in desensitized cells, but also in control cells (by 80-100%), whereas their effect on basal testosterone production was negligible. In desensitized cells from hCG-treated mice (2 micrograms i.p., 48 h) cellular unesterified and esterified cholesterol were decreased by 21% and 81%, respectively, when compared to control cells. This loss occurred in the face of unchanged plasma cholesterol levels. In conclusion, our data indicate that the impaired steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig cells desensitized in vivo by a single injection of hCG is the result of a depletion in cellular cholesterol, rather than of an impaired conversion of cholesterol to testosterone. AUSchumacher M; Schwarz M; Leidenberger F EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p335-45 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Cholesterol /ME; Gonadotropins, Chorionic; Leydig Cells; Testosterone MNCholesterol /BL; Leydig Cells /ME; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol /ME; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol /ME; Mice MTAnimal; Male RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 521-18-6 (Stanolone); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000786 TINegative feedback regulation of gonadotropin secretion by androgens in fetal rhesus macaques. ABPreviously we described sex differences in circulating gonadotropin concentrations (greater in females) in fetal rhesus macaques, and demonstrated that these sex differences relate, at least in part, to the negative feedback actions of testicular secretions. A fully functional gonadal-hypothalamic-pituitary feedback relationship is present as early as Day 100 of gestation in fetal males because castration at this time results in a dramatic increase (greater than 10-fold) in fetal luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations. Although short-term (6-h) treatment of fetuses with testosterone (T) 3 wk after gonadectomy (GX) does not lower LH levels in males, it is completely effective in females. These data suggest that either T is not the primary testicular factor responsible for feedback suppression of LH in fetal males, or the hypothalamic-pituitary axis becomes insensitive to T after GX. To determine if immediate treatment with T after GX is effective in maintaining LH levels, we gonadectomized five fetal rhesus males on Days 98-104 of gestation and immediately implanted crystalline-T-containing intraabdominal Silastic capsules. An additional five fetuses were treated with the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Umbilical arterial samples for hormone analysis were obtained prior to GX and again approximately 3 wk later. Serum from control males (n = 11) castrated in utero on Day 100 of gestation contained significantly greater concentrations of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 3 wk after the operation than before GX. Five sham-operated male fetuses did not have elevated levels of either LH or FSH in their serum on Day 120 of gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUResko JA; Ellinwood WE EM8601 IDRR-00163; HD-16022 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p346-52 MJFSH /SE; Fetus; LH /SE; Stanolone /PD; Testosterone /PD MNEstradiol /BL; FSH /BL; Feedback; LH /BL; Macaca mulatta; Orchiectomy; Ovariectomy; Progesterone /BL; Stanolone /BL; Testosterone /BL MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000787 TIDevelopment of hamster circadian rhythms. I. Within-litter synchrony of mother and pup activity rhythms at weaning. ABThe circadian wheel-running activity rhythms of individual hamster pups raised and maintained in constant dim light were measured beginning at 18 days of age. Records of the postweaning free-running activity rhythm were used to determine the phase of a pup's rhythm on the day of weaning and its phase relationship to its mother's rhythm. Although raised in constant light, the rhythms of pups within a litter were approximately synchronous and in phase with their mother's activity rhythm. These results indicate that the circadian oscillator underlying the activity rhythm is functional prior to weaning and is entrained by some as yet unidentified aspect of maternal rhythmicity. Furthermore, the results suggest that even in the absence of external entraining cycles, behavioral rhythms, and perhaps physiologic rhythms as well, of a mother and her offspring are normally synchronized. AUDavis FC; Gorski RA EM8601 ID5R01 HD-01182; 5F32 HD-05916 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p353-62 MJCircadian Rhythm; Hamsters; Mesocricetus; Motor Activity MNExertion; Light; Weaning MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000789 TIIdentification and partial characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like factors in human seminal plasma. ABGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-like material was measured by radioimmunoassay in acid-ethanol-extracted human seminal plasma using radiolabeled D-[Leu6] GnRH ethylamide as labeled ligand, authentic GnRH as standard, and antibody raised against D-[Lys6] GnRH analog. The mean amount of GnRH-like material measured in the seminal plasma of semen samples with sperm counts greater than 20 X 10(6)/ml was 229.0 +/- 66 pg/ml, with sperm counts less than 20 X 10(6)/ml was 213 +/- 42 pg/ml, and from vasectomized samples was 252 +/- 36 pg/ml. There was no significant difference among the three groups. Scatchard analysis of radioreceptor binding data demonstrated significant displacement of GnRH agonist ligand from castrated male rat pituitary membrane preparations. Ultrafiltration and gel column chromatography of pooled extracted seminal plasma identified two compounds with apparent molecular weights of 2600 and 5000 that differ chemically and immunologically from native GnRH. Further characterization using affinity column chromatography suggests that at least one of these GnRH-like factors is a glycosylated protein. AUSokol RZ; Peterson M; Heber D; Swerdloff RS EM8601 IDRR-00425; 1 R01 HD-15132 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p370-4 MJLH-FSH Releasing Hormone; Semen MNChromatography, Gel; Infertility, Male /PP; Radioimmunoassay; Ultrafiltration; Vasectomy MTComparative Study; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000790 TIPulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone to anestrous sows: endocrine changes associated with GnRH-induced and spontaneous estrus. ABThis experiment determined whether pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) would induce estrus and ovulation in seasonally anestrous primiparous sows and compared endocrine responses of GnRH-induced sows with those of primiparous sows that exhibited spontaneous estrus after weaning. Seventeen primiparous Landrace X Large White sows farrowed in August 1982, lactated 23.8 +/- 0.4 days (mean +/- SEM), and weaned 9.0 +/- 0.3 pigs per litter. Blood for determination of progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol-17 beta (E) was collected every 6 h from 1 day before to 12 days after weaning. Twelve sows exhibited spontaneous estrus 135 +/- 9 h after weaning, and these sows were considered to be normal. Five sows were anestrous for at least 23 days postweaning and failed to ovulate, as indicated by concentrations of progesterone that were less than 1.0 ng/ml in blood samples collected daily during this period. From Day 0 to Day 30 postweaning, levels of estradiol in anestrous sows varied between 3 and 30 pg/ml, concentrations of LH were low, and preovulatory-like LH surges did not occur. Beginning on Day 30 postweaning, four anestrous sows were given 1.5 micrograms GnRH (i.v.) hourly until onset of estrus and blood was collected every 6 h during GnRH treatment. The average interval from beginning of GnRH treatment to onset of estrus was 84 +/- 5 h (range 72 to 96 h). Patterns of estradiol and LH secretion around estrus were similar in normal sows and those treated with GnRH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUArmstrong JD; Britt JH EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p375-80 MJEstradiol; Estrus; LH; Ovulation; Pituitary Hormone Releasing Hormones /PD MNEstrus /DE; Pituitary Hormone Releasing Hormones /AD; Swine MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000791 TIPrepuberal reproductive defects in neonatal estrogenized male rats. ABIntact Wistar male rats injected on Day 1 with 500 micrograms of estradiol benzoate or olive oil were decapitated on Days 15 and 22 or maintained until adulthood to analyze the balanopreputial separation. Other oil or estradiol-treated rats were orchidectomized on Day 15 and decapitated on Day 22. The neonatal estrogenization produced the following reproductive changes prior to puberty: testis, adrenal, and ventral prostate atrophy; increase in the weights of seminal vesicles and epididymis; decrease in testosterone plasma levels; delayed balanopreputial separation; abolition of luteinizing hormone response to orchidectomy; transient increase in prolactin plasma levels; and blockade in seminal and prostate response to orchidectomy. AUBellido C; Gaytan F ; Aguilar R; Pinilla L; Aguilar E EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p381-7 MJAnimals, Newborn; Estradiol /PD; Testis /PA MNAdrenal Glands /DE; Atrophy; Body Weight /DE; Estradiol /BL; LH /BL; Organ Weight /DE; Pituitary Gland /DE; Prolactin /BL; Prostate /DE /PA; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Testis /DE; Testosterone /BL MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000792 TIIn vitro fertilization in the rabbit after delayed ovum recovery. ABRabbit ovum donors were superovulated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Ova were recovered 16-17 h post-hCG from oviducts immediately after killing and from excised oviducts held in saline 30 min at 33 degrees or 38 degrees C prior to ovum recovery. In vivo-capacitated spermatozoa were used to inseminate both groups of ova. Data revealed a decrease in fertilization rates following a 30-min delay at 38 degrees C in ovum recovery. Thus, 64% (44/69 ova) were fertilized with rapid recovery, whereas 43% (39/90 ova) were fertilized following a 30-min delay. The decrease in fertilization imposed by delay in ovum recovery was apparently overcome when oviduct storage was at 33 degrees C. Under these conditions, 69% of inseminated ova were fertilized. Ova inseminated with in vitro-capacitated sperm showed a similar response to delayed ovum recovery. Embryonic development in culture of ova obtained from mated does was not affected by delay in recovery at 33 degrees or 38 degrees C provided mated does had been injected only with hCG. Ova from mated does receiving both PMSG and hCG were adversely affected by a 38 degrees C delay. The data emphasize the importance of rapid ovum recovery from oviducts and suggest the possibility of altering conditions to overcome damaging effects of delayed recovery. AUKeefer CL; Bennett KA; Brackett BG EM8601 IDHD-09406; HD-19288 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p388-92 MJFertilization in Vitro; Ovum MNRabbits; Specimen Handling; Sperm Capacitation; Superovulation MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN66-81-9 (Cycloheximide); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000793 TIThe effects of cycloheximide on in vitro response of Rana pipiens pituitaries to continuously superfused gonadotropin-releasing hormone. ABAn in vitro superfusion system was used to examine the effects of cycloheximide on the responsiveness of hemipituitaries from male Rana pipiens chronically treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Control hemipituitaries superfused with medium (DME) alone showed a rapid initial response to 100 ng/ml GnRH, and LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) levels remained above baseline throughout up to 13 h of treatment with GnRH. Subsequent to a 2-h rinse with DME alone following the initial treatment with GnRH, these control tissues showed a highly augmented increase in gonadotropin secretion in response to a final hour of GnRH superfusion, suggesting self-priming with as little as 5 h of initial GnRH treatment. Hemipituitaries treated with 71 microM cycloheximide showed a similar rapid initial response to 100 ng/ml GnRH, but levels declined to less than in control tissues within 3 h. Moreover, these tissues exhibited only slight responses when challenged with GnRH a second time. There were also no significant differences in response to GnRH by glands pretreated with cycloheximide for either 3 or 9 h. These results indicate the presence of a rapidly releasable pool of gonadotropin responsible for the initial response to GnRH that has minimal requirements for protein synthesis, and a second pool dependent upon protein synthesis that is involved in the maintenance of elevated gonadotropin secretion in response to chronically superfused GnRH, and for self-priming. AUPorter DA EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p393-400 MJCycloheximide; FSH; LH; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pituitary Hormone Releasing Hormones MNPituitary Gland, Anterior /SE; Rana Pipiens MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RNEC 1.1.1.- (20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases); EC 1.1.1.149 (20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase); 13311-84-7 (Flutamide); 362-74-3 (Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 521-18-6 (Stanolone); 52806-53-8 (Sch 16423); 53-16-7 (Estrone); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 63-05-8 (Androstenedione); 9012-63-9 (Cholera Toxin) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000794 TIInhibition of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity by follicle-stimulating hormone and androgens in cultured rat granulosa cells: a search for the mechanism of action. ABAlterations of progesterone metabolism and especially of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha-HSD) activity were studied in cultured rat granulosa cells following various treatments. The cells were incubated for up to 48 h with or without follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), androgens, hydroxyflutamide, estrogens, chlorea toxin, and dibutyryl cAMP [Bu2 cAMP]. Subsequently, the cells were incubated for 3 h with [4-14 C] progesterone (0.5 microM). The progesterone utilization and accumulation of 20 alpha-reduced and 5 alpha-reduced metabolites were assessed following thin-layer chromatography separation of radiolabeled steroids. Both FSH (1 microgram/ml) and testosterone (0.5 microM) decreased the 20 alpha-HSD activity by decreasing the maximal velocity (by 52% and 37%, respectively) without changing significantly the Km value. The inhibition of 20 alpha-HSD was demonstrable following 12 and 24 h exposure to FSH and following 24 and 48 h exposure to testosterone. Effects comparable to that induced by testosterone were elicited by other androgens (androstenedione and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone), but not by estrogens (estradiol-17 beta and estrone). Hydroxyflutamide reversed testosterone-induced effects: the increase of endogenous progesterone accumulation and the decrease of 20 alpha-HSD activity. Both cholera toxin (0.001-10 micrograms/ml) and Bu2 cAMP (62.5-1000 micrograms/ml) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of 20 alpha-HSD activity. Present results indicate that: the inhibition of 20 alpha-HSD by both FSH and androgens may be of a noncompetitive nature; androgen action on 20 alpha-HSD may be a true androgenic, receptor-mediated effect; and cAMP may mediate the FSH action on 20 alpha-HSD activity. AUDuleba AJ; Kim KS; Ho Yuen B; Moon YS EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p401-10 MJ20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Androgens; FSH; Granulosa Cells /ME; Progesterone MN20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases /ME; Androstenedione /PD; Cells, Cultured; Cholera Toxin /PD; Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP /PD; Estradiol /PD; Estrone /PD; Flutamide /AA /PD; Granulosa Cells /DE /EN; Progesterone /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Stanolone /PD; Testosterone /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000795 TIGeographic variation in litter size in the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus): factors influencing ovulation rate. ABLitter size in many mammalian populations varies along a gradient of latitude or altitude. This investigation tested the hypothesis that geographic variation in litter size among populations of the cotton rat is the result of differences in ovulation rate. Oviducts and uteri of virgin and recently mated lab-reared descendants of cotton rats from Kansas (KS), Texas (TX), and Tennessee (TN) were flushed on the day following the last day of estrus. Ovulation rates differ significantly among the three populations for both virgins (mean +/- SEM, KS = 5.3 +/- 0.3, TX = 4.6 +/- 0.5, and TN = 4.0 +/- 0.5) and for females that have recently copulated (KS = 6.5 +/- 0.3, TX = 5.7 +/- 0.7, and TN = 3.7 +/- 0.4; P less than 0.001). These nonvirgin females have significantly higher ovulation rates than virgins for KS and TX (P = 0.01 and 0.05, respectively), but there is no significant effect of copulation on TN. In all populations, ovulation rates of rats that release ova from both ovaries (KS = 6.1 +/- 0.2, TX = 5.9 +/- 0.4, and TN = 5.1 +/- 0.5) are significantly higher than those that use only one ovary (KS = 4.4 +/- 0.4, TX = 3.3 +/- 0.4, and TN = 3.2 +/- 0.3; P less than 0.001). The number of ovaries ovulating differs significantly between populations (P = 0.002). The effect of copulation on the number of ovaries ovulating is marginally significant (P = 0.08).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUOswald C; McClure PA EM8601 IDHD-13953 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p411-7 MJCricetidae; Litter Size; Ovulation MNKansas; Tennessee; Texas MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000796 TIPhotoperiodic regulation of reproductive development in male prairie voles: influence of laboratory breeding. ABTwo populations of male prairie voles, one derived from an outbred laboratory colony and the second consisting of F1 offspring of wild-trapped voles, were tested for responsiveness to photoperiod. Animals were reared from birth until 35 days of age either in 16L:8D or 8L:16D photoperiods. Short day lengths did not affect the reproductive apparatus of the laboratory-strain voles; however, offspring of wild-caught voles manifested arrested development of the reproductive system in short photoperiods. These results suggest that selection processes associated with laboratory husbandry can alter responsiveness to photoperiod; the use of wild-trapped animals or their F1 progeny is indicated in photoperiodism research. AUNelson RJ EM8601 IDHD-02982 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p418-22 MJCricetidae; Light; Reproduction; Sex Maturation MNOrgan Weight; Seminal Vesicles /PH; Testis /PH MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000797 TIA suppression of gonadotropin secretion by cortisol in castrated male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) mediated by the interruption of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone release. ABFour orchidectomized rhesus monkeys (3-3.5 yr of age) were treated for 62 days with daily i.m. injections of hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) at a dose of 10-20 mg/(kg BW X day), and blood samples were obtained daily or every other day before, during, and after treatment. Hydrocortisone acetate injections resulted in a progressive rise in mean plasma cortisol from basal concentrations of 17-35 micrograms/100 ml prior to initiation of steroid treatment to approximately 150 micrograms/100 ml 5 wk later. When serum cortisol concentrations reached 100 micrograms/100 ml, 3-4 wk after the initiation of HCA treatment, circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) began to decline, reaching nondetectable concentrations 35 days later. Withdrawal of HCA resulted in a return in plasma cortisol concentrations to pretreatment control levels, which was associated with a complete restoration of gonadotropin secretion. In 2 animals, administration of an intermittent i.v. infusion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (0.1 micrograms/min for 3 min once every hour), which appears to stimulate the gonadotropes in a physiologic manner, reversed the cortisol-induced inhibition of gonadotropin secretion, restoring circulating LH and FSH concentrations to within 80-100% of control. These results suggest that, in the rhesus monkey, the major site of the inhibitory action of cortisol on gonadotropin release resides at a suprapituitary level and is mediated by interruption of hypothalamic GnRH release. AUDubey AK; Plant TM EM8601 IDHD-16851; HD-08610 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p423-31 MJFSH; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamus; LH; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pituitary Hormone Releasing Hormones MNHypothalamus /SE; Macaca mulatta; Orchiectomy MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000798 TIPregnancy in young and aged rats: II. Peripheral serum progesterone concentrations. ABThe concentrations of serum progesterone (P4) were determined in 3- and 11-mo-old female rats throughout pregnancy to determine if the subnormal ovarian formation of P4 from pregnenolone (P5), previously shown in vitro in the older rats, is accompanied by lower concentrations of P4 in the peripheral serum. Beginning on Day 11 of gestation and continuing throughout the remainder of pregnancy, 11-mo-old females exhibited a decline in the number of live fetuses and an increase in the number of dead fetuses. Between Days 1 and 8 of gestation, serum P4 concentrations were similar in young and aging females. Between Days 9 and 21 of gestation, serum P4 concentrations in aging rats that maintained pregnancy, or that exhibited fetal loss, were consistently greater than in the young animals. The normal or above-normal concentrations of serum P4, despite the subnormal ovarian formation of P4 demonstrable in vitro in 11-mo-old females during the first half of pregnancy, may reflect an alteration in the peripheral catabolism of P4 or no change in ovarian secretion of P4 in vivo. Despite the changes in ovarian steroidogenesis observed in vitro, pregnancy failure in aging female rats is not related simply to subnormal content of P4 in the peripheral circulation. AUAlbrecht ED EM8601 IDAG-01336 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p432-5 MJAging; Pregnancy, Animal; Progesterone MNPregnancy; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-85-2 (Testosterone); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 9002-67-9 (LH); 9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000799 TIOntogeny of growth hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone secretory patterns in the ram. ABThe ontogenetic changes that occur in secretory patterns of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (Prl), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) in rams maintained in constant photoperiod were examined. Nine ram lambs were moved to individual pens in a controlled environment (12L: 12D cycle; 18-24 degrees C temperature) at 66 days of age. Blood samples were collected via indwelling cannulae at 15-min intervals for an 8-h period at 80, 136, 192, 248, and 304 days of age. Plasma concentrations of GH, Prl, LH, and T were quantitated and parameters of the secretory patterns determined. Mean concentration of GH tended to decline with age, probably because the amplitude of secretory peaks was significantly reduced with age. There were no age-associated changes in basal concentration of GH or incidence of GH peaks. There was an increase in Prl secretion (as estimated by mean concentration) at 136 and after 248 days of age. Significant age-associated changes occurred in all parameters of LH and T secretion. At the younger ages, testosterone concentrations were low and LH concentrations were elevated. At the older ages the relationship was reversed, with LH low and testosterone high. There were no significant correlations between frequency and magnitude of LH and T peaks. The significant correlations present among parameters of LH and T secretion were between basal concentration of LH and overall mean concentration and basal concentration of T. These results suggest that LH may not be the sole tropic stimulator of acute T secretion. AUKlindt J; Ohlson DL; Davis SL; Schanbacher BD EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p436-44 MJLH; Prolactin; Somatotropin; Testosterone MNAge Factors; Sheep /GD MTAnimal; Male RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000800 TIRelative luteinizing hormone-stimulable adenylyl cyclase of the preovulatory follicle: a predictor of ovulation in the domestic hen. ABThe regulation of the ovulatory cycle of the hen (Gallus domesticus) is an enigma. The hen's ovulatory cycle is approximately 26 h in length. She lays an egg each day at a progressively later time. The hen then skips a day, resets her ╥clock╙, and a new sequence is started. We investigated if the ovary regulates the ovulatory cycle. Our biologic endpoint was the measurement of basal and luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulable adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in granulosa layers of the largest (F1) and second largest (F2) follicles. F1 and F2 follicles were obtained at lights off on nights before the first (C1; n = 7), second (C2; n = 7), or terminal ovulation (CT; n = 5) or the night before the day when no ovulation was expected (Cskip; n = 6). F1 and F2 follicles removed on C1, C2, CT, and Cskip had been these specific follicles for 32 h, 12 h, 10 h, and 8 h, respectively. Mean basal activity (pmol/min/mg protein) for the follicles was: C1 = 27.2, C2 = 44.1, CT = 60.5, and Cskip = 68.7. No significant differences were found in LH-stimulable AC activities of these F1 follicles. Relative LH (expressed as fold increase over basal) stimulation was significantly correlated (P less than 0.001) with maturity of the F1 follicle (C1 greater than C2 greater than CT greater than Cskip). No differences in AC activity were found for the F2 follicles whether they were C1, C2, CT or Cskip. For the Cskip, relative LH AC activity for the F1 follicle (2.8) was similar to that for the F2 follicle (2.7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUJohnson PA; Bahr JM EM8601 IDHD-16328 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p445-50 MJAdenyl Cyclase; Graafian Follicle /EN; LH; Ovulation MNChickens; Enzyme Activation /DE; Graafian Follicle /DE MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN145-13-1 (Pregnenolone); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 63-05-8 (Androstenedione) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000801 TIThe development of placental androstenedione and testosterone production and their utilization by the ovary for aromatization to estrogen during rat pregnancy. ABDuring rat pregnancy the placenta may provide androgens as a source of precursor for estradiol (E2) formation by the ovary. However, the relative importance of testosterone (T) and delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4 A) for ovarian E2 production is unknown. The present study therefore determined the ability of the rat placenta to convert [3H] pregnenolone (P5) substrate to [3H] delta 4 A and [3H] T, and to [3H] progesterone (P4) in vitro on Days 12, 14, 16 and 18 of gestation. The placental formation of delta 4 A and T was correlated with the uterine vein and peripheral sera concentrations of both androgens, and with their ability to be aromatized to E2 in vitro by the ovary. Placental androgen formation from P5 increased and formation of P4 decreased with advancing gestation, with the formation of delta 4 A being approximately 2- to 4-fold greater (P less than 0.01) than the formation of T on Days 12 to 16 of gestation. The conversion of P5 to delta 4 A increased (P less than 0.001) from 18 +/- 0.9 (mean percent conversion +/- SEM) on Day 12 to 53 +/- 3 and 57 +/- 4 on Days 14 and 16, respectively, then decreased (P less than 0.05) to 42 +/- 2 on Day 18. The uterine vein and peripheral sera concentrations of delta 4 A were 2- and 3-fold greater (P less than 0.05-0.001) than T, respectively, on Days 12 to 16.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUJackson JA; Albrecht ED EM8601 IDAG-01336 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p451-7 MJAndrostenedione; Estradiol; Ovary; Placenta; Testosterone MNPregnancy; Pregnenolone /ME; Progesterone /BI; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000802 TISteroidogenic effect of 17 beta-estradiol on rabbit luteal cells in vitro: estrogen-induced maintenance of progesterone production. ABPrevious studies have established that 17 beta-estradiol is the principal luteotropic hormone in the rabbit. However, a direct effect of 17 beta-estradiol on rabbit luteal cell progesterone production has been difficult to show in vitro. The goal of this study was to develop a system in which the effect of estrogen on luteal cell progesterone production could be studied in vitro. To that end, a dissociated rabbit luteal cell preparation was developed using collagenase and the resultant isolated cells were studied using a perifusion system. Optimization of the cell digest procedure revealed that: inclusion of 2% bovine serum albumin in our optimal dissociation medium increased cell yield; and animals killed by cervical dislocation maintained more stable levels of progesterone during a 7-h perifusion compared to animals killed with barbituate-induced euthanasia (euthobarb). When dissociated luteal cells were perifused with medium, stable progesterone output (greater than 80% of initial levels) was observed for 5-6 h, after which medium progesterone concentrations declined. The inclusion of 17 beta-estradiol (10(-8) M) in the perifusion medium maintained progesterone output at control levels for up to 15 h. However, the maintenance of progesterone was not noted until after 5 h of perifusion, suggesting that the effect of estradiol may be time dependent. Thus, this investigation describes a rabbit luteal cell dissociation technique and perifusion system that may be used to examine the mechanism through which estradiol acts to maintain rabbit luteal progesterone production. AUMcLean MP; Miller JB EM8601 IDHD-14871; HD-00447 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p459-69 MJCorpus Luteum; Estradiol; Progesterone MNAdenyl Cyclase /ME; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Luteum /EN /ME; Rabbits MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN12769-48-1 (Substance P) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000803 TIEvidence for the existence of substance P in the prepubertal rat ovary. II. Immunocytochemical localization. ABNerve fibers containing substance P (SP) were localized in ovaries from juvenile and peripubertal rats by immunofluorescence. These fibers were closely associated with the theca externa of antral follicles, as well as being in the interstitial tissue and within the tunica adventitia of small blood vessels, mostly arterioles. Consistently, the greatest amount of SP immunoreactivity was observed surrounding the ovarian vasculature. Substance P was not detected in cells or within the corpora lutea (CL). Additionally, the peripubertal animals seemed to have a greater concentration of ovarian SP than the juvenile animals. Possible functional roles for this peptide in the ovary are discussed. AUDees WL; Kozlowski GP; Dey R; Ojeda SR EM8601 IDAA06014 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p471-6 MJOvary; Substance P MNFluorescent Antibody Technic; Histocytochemistry; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000804 TILectin staining of rat testis and epididymis after ligation of excurrent ducts at different levels. ABSeven rhodamine-conjugated lectins (PNA, RCA I, SBA, Con A, WGA, UEA I, and DBA; see Table 1) were utilized in studying the staining pattern of glycoproteins in rat testis and epididymis after ligation of ductuli efferentes (DE), corpus epididymidis (CE), and vas deferens (VD) for various time periods. Ductuli efferentes ligation caused a widening of seminferous tubules and detachment of spermatids with formation of multinuclear cells. These cells acquired a strong affinity for all lectins. Corpus epididymidis ligation also caused degeneration of spermatids with increased lectin staining in some tubules, but after 7 days another cell population close to the periphery of seminiferous tubules showed an increased nuclear affinity for some lectins followed by a clear degeneration and strong cytoplasmic staining with all lectins. Vas deferens ligation caused no degenerative changes in testicular spermatids. However, the peripheral cell population showed degenerative changes similar to those found after CE ligation. In both cases this was coincident with the formation of spermatic granulomas at the site of ligation. Ductuli efferentes ligation caused a gradual decrease of intratubular content in caput epididymidis, while the contrary was true after CE ligation. The latter was associated with intratubular accumulation of lectin-positive swollen cells and sperm aggregates as well as an increased lectin staining of narrow cells in initial segment and light cells in distal caput. After VD ligation an increased staining of light cells was initially found in distal cauda and distal caput, but, concomitant with distension of the tubules this reaction decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUVanha-Perttula T; Arya M EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p477-85 MJEpididymis; Lectins; Testis; Vasectomy MNLigation; Rats; Stains and Staining MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000805 TIIn vitro fertilization of bovine follicular oocytes obtained by laparoscopy. ABBovine follicular oocytes (n = 454), obtained after laparoscopy, were used to study in vitro capacitation, fertilization, and embryo development. Capacitation was accomplished by treating bovine spermatozoa with high ionic strength medium. Maturation, fertilization, and development studies were carried out in Brackett's defined medium or in Ham's F-10. In vitro fertilization rates, ranging from 14% to 55%, were found to be influenced by individual variations among males. Brackett's defined medium was found to be superior to Ham's F-10 for oocyte maturation, fertilization, and growth, these media giving cleavage rates of 60% and 32%, respectively. Oocytes with expanded cumuli at the time of recovery cleaved at a rate of 43%, which is significantly different from oocytes recovered without granulosa cells (22%) or oocytes with compact cumuli and corona cells (5%). The in vitro development pattern of the in vitro-fertilized embryos was found to be similar to that observed in vivo. Embryos were observed at the 2-cell stage 44.5 +/- 6.3 h after in vitro insemination, 4-cell after 59.0 +/- 9.4 h, 8-cell after 74.8 +/- 12.7 h, and 16-cell after 96.2 +/- 13.9 h (observations at 12-h intervals). The procedures described here resulted in cleavage rates of up to 60% using follicular oocytes embedded in expanded cumuli cells and semen samples from selected males. AUSirard MA; Lambert RD EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p487-94 MJFertilization in Vitro; Oocytes MNCattle; Peritoneoscopy; Sperm Capacitation MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.- (Aromatase); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 63-05-8 (Androstenedione) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000806 TISteroidogenesis in porcine atretic follicles: loss of aromatase activity in isolated granulosa and theca. ABTo evaluate the mechanisms involved in the reduction of estrogen concentrations in porcine follicular fluid during atresia, nonatretic and atretic follicles ranging from 4 to 7 mm in diameter were selected. Follicular fluid estrogen concentrations were 7-16-fold less in the atretic follicles. Isolated granulosa cells from atretic follicles demonstrated a significant reduction in aromatase activity and in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced progesterone production in vitro compared to granulosa cells from nonatretic follicles. Isolated theca from atretic follicles also demonstrated a reduction in estrogen production. However, androgen concentrations were equivalent in the follicular fluid of atretic and nonatretic follicles, and theca from atretic follicles maintained testosterone and androstenedione production in vitro. The loss of thecal aromatase activity with atresia is not secondary to a reduction in FSH responsiveness, since FSH did not increase thecal progesterone production in vitro. Cell degeneration also does not account for the reduction in thecal estrogen production, since both androgen output in vitro and follicular fluid androgen concentrations were maintained. These data thus demonstrate that a mechanism other than reduced FSH responsiveness must account for the selective loss of thecal aromatase activity in this stage of atresia. AUMaxson WS; Haney AF; Schomberg DW EM8601 IDHD-11827 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p495-501 MJAromatase; Follicular Atresia; Follicular Phase; Granulosa Cells /ME; Steroids; Theca Cells /ME MNAndrostenedione /BI; Cells, Cultured; Estrogens /BI; Granulosa Cells /EN; Organ Culture; Progesterone /BI; Swine; Testosterone /BI; Theca Cells /EN MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000807 TILight and electron microscopic studies on the localization of steroid-binding protein (SBP) in rabbit spermatozoa. ABLight (fluorescence) and electron microscopic studies were carried out to localize steroid-binding protein (SBP) in rabbit spermatozoa. Both nonpermeabilized and permeabilized (with Tween 20, saponin, or cold acetone) spermatozoa showed fluorescence following treatment with antirabbit SBP (anti-rSBP) and subsequently with rabbit antisheep immunoglobulin G-fluorescein isothiocyanate. While the ejaculated spermatozoa were positive, epididymal sperm were observed to be negative. Although the pattern of localization of rSBP was variable, the occurrence of a negative equatorial region as well as the presence of an intense positive spherical profile (╥spot╙) at the junction of the head and midpiece were notably consistent. The intensity of labeling with the probe, both at light and electron microscopic level, was maximal following permeabilization with cold acetone. A possible role of SBP as a steroid carrier protein across the plasma membrane of the sperm has been suggested. AUDavid GF; Koehler JK; Brown JA; Petra PH; Farr AG EM8601 IDHD-13956 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p503-14 MJSex Hormone-Binding Globulin; Spermatozoa MNEpididymis /CY; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Rabbits; Spermatozoa /ME /UL MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000809 TIMouse sperm antigens that participate in fertilization. II. Inhibition of sperm penetration through the zona pellucida using monoclonal antibodies. ABTo dissect the process of mammalian sperm interaction with the egg at a molecular level, we have generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to mature mouse sperm using syngeneic mouse testis as the immunogen. In this paper, we report upon three members of a mAb family, all of which displayed identical immunofluorescence patterns on cauda epididymal mouse sperm. Each of these mAbs, termed M42, M5, and M41, localized to a restricted region of plasma membrane overlying the acrosome. When tested for an effect on the fertilization process in vitro, two of the mAbs, M42 and M5, demonstrated significant inhibition. The inhibitory capacity was dependent upon the presence of the zona pellucida; neither M42 nor M5 was capable of blocking fertilization when zona pellucida-free mouse eggs were used. Identification of the antigens recognized by this group of mAbs was achieved by immunologic detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate-extracted sperm components separated via electrophoresis on 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels followed by transfer to nitrocellulose. M42, which blocked fertilization, recognized a high molecular weight cluster of bands with Mr of approximately 220,000 to 240,000. M5, which also prevented fertilization, specifically recognized a sperm component with subunit molecular weight of approximately 54,000. M41, which did not interfere with fertilization, did not interact with any high molecular weight components, but recognized components with Mr of approximately 60,000, 35,000, and 21,000. Taken together with the work presented in a companion paper (Saling, Irons, and Waibel, this issue), we have demonstrated that it is possible to describe particular cellular regions of mammalian sperm with respect not only to location and function, but also to the molecules that are candidates for a role in that function. AUSaling PM; Lakoski KA EM8601 IDHD-18201 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p527-36 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens; Fertilization; Ovum; Spermatozoa; Zona Pellucida MNMice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Spermatozoa /PH MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000810 TIMouse sperm antigens that participate in fertilization. III. Passive immunization with a single monoclonal antisperm antibody inhibits pregnancy and fertilization in vivo. ABPassive immunization was used to study the effect of antimouse sperm monoclonal antibodies on fertilization in vivo. The effects of two antibodies were compared in this investigation. One of them, M29, has been shown previously to localize to the equatorial segment of the sperm head and to inhibit mouse fertilization in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. The second antibody, M2, binds to the same area of the sperm head, and also belongs to the M immunoglobulin class (IgM), but does not affect fertilization in vitro. Superovulated female mice received two antibody injections intraperitoneally (at the times of the pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin injections) at concentrations of 0.5-4.0 mg of IgM or control IgG; animals were mated within 6-12 h of the hCG injection. Fertilization and concomitant establishment of pregnancy were reduced significantly, in a dose-dependent manner, only in those animals immunized with M29 IgM (e.g., 4 mg M29 IgM: 12.6% of 304 eggs fertilized; 4 mg M2 IgM: 96% of 192 eggs fertilized). Intraperitoneal administration of the antibodies did not depress superovulation levels nor oocyte viability. 125I-labeled M29 IgM was used to determine the amount of antibody present in the oviductal ampulla at the time of fertilization in passively immunized mice. Luminal M29 IgM was found to be a linear function of the intraperitoneal dose: 0.002-0.003% of the injected dose was present in the oviductal lumen 14-16 h post-hCG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUSaling PM; Waibel R EM8601 IDHD-18201 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p537-44 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Fertilization; Immunization, Passive; Pregnancy, Animal; Spermatozoa MNMice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Pregnancy MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3231 LAEnglish JCA40 UI86000811 TIWater-regulatory behaviour in terrestrial gastropods. AUPrior DJ EM8601 SOBiol Rev (England), Aug 1985, 60(3) p403-24 MJMollusca; Water-Electrolyte Balance MNBehavior, Animal /PH; Circadian Rhythm; Environment; Estivation; Locomotion; Motor Activity MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN13699-48-4 (Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000813 TISpatial modulation of water ordering in lecithin bilayers. Evidence for a ripple-ripple phase transition. ABIntense motional averaging effects on the 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of 2H2O that occur in aqueous dispersions of dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Myr2-PtdCho) are explained by a spatial modulation in the orientational order of the water induced by ripplelike structures. The ratio of the amplitude to the periodic length of the ripples, A/lambda, at a molar ratio of water/Myr2-PtdCho of 9.5:1, is measured by 2H NMR and found to be consistent with x-ray measurements of this ratio in the P beta phase of dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Pam2-PtdCho) bilayers. The sensitivity of 2H NMR allows us to report the presence of two distinct ripple phases mediated with a discontinuous change in the value of A/lambda. This result suggests that the two ripple structures observed for several phospholipid systems in excess water by freeze-fracture electron microscopy may be associated with two different phases instead of the same phase as previously assumed. AUStrenk LM; Westerman PW; Vaz NA; Doane JW EM8601 IDGM 27127 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p355-9 MJDimyristoylphosphatidylcholine; Lipid Bilayers MNMathematics; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000814 TIInteractions of permeant cations with sodium channels of squid axon membranes. ABTo determine how the permeant cations interact with the sodium channel, the instantaneous current-voltage (I-V) relationship, conductance-ion concentration relationship, and cation selectivity of sodium channels were studied with internally perfused, voltage clamped squid giant axons in the presence of different permeant cations in the external solution. In Na-containing media, the instantaneous I-V curve was almost linear between +60 and -20 mV, but deviated from the linearity in the direction to decrease the current at more negative potentials. The linearity of instantaneous I-V curve extended to more negative potentials with lowering the external Ca concentration. The I-V curve in Li solution was almost the same as that in Na solution. The linearity of the I-V curve improved in NH4 solution exhibiting only saturation at -100 mV with no sign of further decrease in current at more negative potentials. Guanidine and formamidine further linearized the instantaneous I-V curve. The conductance of the sodium channels as measured from the tail current saturated at high concentrations of permeant cations. The apparent dissociation constants determined from the conductance-ion concentration curve at -60 mV were as follows: Na, 378 mM; Li, 247 mM; NH4, 174 mM; guanidine, 111 mM; formamidine, 103 mM. The ratio of the test cation permeability to the sodium permeability as measured from the reversal potentials of tail currents varied with the test cation concentration and/or the membrane potential. These observations are incompatible with the independence principle, and can be explained on the basis of the Eyring's rate theory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUYamamoto D; Yeh JZ; Narahashi T EM8601 IDNS14144; GM24866 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p361-8 MJAxons; Cell Membrane Permeability; Ion Channels; Sodium MNCations; Kinetics; Osmolar Concentration; Squid MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000815 TIStructural fluctuations and current noise of ionic channels. ABIn the open state of the acetylcholine-receptor channel an increased current noise is observed, which may result from conformational fluctuations of the channel protein (Sigworth, F.J., 1985, Biophys. J. 47:709-720). In this study the spectrum of the current noise is analyzed assuming that low-frequency motions of structural domains of the protein give rise to conductance fluctuations. The movement of a domain is treated as the motion of an elastically bound Brownian particle, which is described by the Langevin equation. The current-noise spectrum predicted by this model is given by a sum of Lorentzians; it agrees with the observed spectrum when it is assumed that only the slowest process can be resolved in the experiment. The large value of the friction coefficient, which is obtained from the corner frequency, indicates that domain motion is restricted mainly by peptide-peptide interactions. AULauger P EM8601 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p369-73 MJIon Channels MNMathematics; Membrane Potentials; Models, Biological; Receptors, Cholinergic /PH RN7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000816 TIGating current harmonics. I. Sodium channel activation gating in dynamic steady states. ABInternally perfused and pronase-treated giant axons were prepared for gating current measurements. Gating current records were obtained under large-amplitude sinusoidal voltage clamp after allowing for settling times into dynamic steady states. The current records were analyzed as functions of the mean membrane potential of the test sinusoid for which the amplitude and frequency were held constant. The nonlinear analysis consisted of determining the harmonic content (amplitudes and phases) of the distorted periodic current records. The most pronounced feature found in the analysis is a dominant second harmonic centered at Emean = +10 mV. A number of other characteristic harmonic behaviors were also observed. The harmonics tend to die away for very small (less than -60 mV) and very large (greater than +72 mV) values of Emean. The harmonic behavior seen in the axonal data is basically different from that seen in gating current simulations generated by the sodium-activation kinetics of standard models, including the Hodgkin-Huxley model. Some of the differences can be reconciled without requiring fundamental changes in the model kinetic schemes. However, the dominant harmonic feature seen in the axonal data cannot be reconciled with the model kinetics without a fundamental change in the models. The axonal data suggest two moving molecular components with independent degrees of freedom whose properties are outlined on the basis of the data presented herein. AUFohlmeister JF; Adelman WJ Jr EM8601 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p375-90 MJAxons; Ion Channels; Sodium MNAction Potentials; Electric Conductivity; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Squid MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000817 TIGating current harmonics. II. Model simulations of axonal gating currents. ABA kinetic model of sodium activation gating is presented. The kinetics are based on harmonic analysis of gating current data obtained during large-amplitude sinusoidal voltage clamp in dynamic steady state. The technique classifies gating kinetic schemes into groups based on patterns of the harmonic content in the periodic gating current records. The kinetics that simulate the experimental data contain two independently constrained processes. The model predicts (a) sizable gating currents in response to hyperpolarizing voltage steps from rest; (b) a substantial increase in the initial peak of the gating current following voltage steps from prehyperpolarized potentials; (c) a small delay in the onset of sodium ion current following voltage steps from prehyperpolarized potentials; and (d) flickering during the open state in single channel current records. Although fundamentally different in kinetic structure from the Hodgkin-Huxley model, the present model reproduces the phenomenological development of Na conductance during the initiation and development of action potentials. The implications for possible gating mechanisms are discussed. A model gate is presented. AUFohlmeister JF; Adelman WJ Jr EM8601 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p391-400 MJAxons; Ion Channels; Sodium MNElectric Conductivity; Kinetics; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Squid MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000818 TIModel-independent electron spin resonance for measuring order of immobile components in a biological assembly. ABA model-independent description of the angular orientation distribution of elements in an ordered biological assembly is applied to the electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. As in a previous model-independent treatment of fluorescence polarization (Burghardt, T.P., 1984, Biopolymers, 23:2383-2406) the elemental order is described by an angular distribution of molecular frames with one frame fixed in each element of the assembly. The distribution is expanded in a complete orthonormal set of functions. The coefficients of the series expansion (the order parameters) describe the orientation distribution of the elements in the assembly without reference to a model and can be obtained from the observed spectrum. The method establishes the limitations of ESR in detecting order in the assembly by determining which distribution coefficients the technique can detect. A method of determining the order parameters from an ESR spectra, using a set of ESR basis spectra, is developed. We also describe a treatment that incorporates the actual line shape measured from randomly oriented, immobile elements. In this treatment, no model-dependent assumptions about the line shape are required. We have applied the model-independent analysis to ESR spectra from spin-labeled myosin cross-bridges in muscle fibers. The results contain detailed information on the spin-probe angular distribution and differ in interesting ways from previous model-dependent interpretations of the spectra. AUBurghardt TP; Thompson NL EM8601 IDHL-16683 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p401-9 MJElectron Spin Resonance; Models, Biological; Muscles MNMathematics; Myosin /PH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN2393-24-0 (4-benzylaminesulfonic acid); 9001-91-6 (Plasminogen) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000819 TIMacro- and micro-stabilities of the kringle 4 domain from plasminogen. The effect of ligand binding. AB1H-NMR spectra of kringle 4 from human plasminogen have been recorded over wide pH* and temperature ranges, both in the presence and in the absence of p-benzylaminesulfonic acid (BASA). Several resonances exhibit chemical shift differences between kringle folded and unfolded forms which are sufficiently well resolved to allow for a determination of equilibrium Van't Hoff enthalpies and entropies for unfolding. The interaction with BASA shifts the kringle unfolding temperature from approximately 335 degrees K to approximately 343 degrees K. The pH* range of stability is also wider for the complex than for the free kringle: in the acidic range the pH* of half-unfolding, pHu*, is decreased from 2.8 for the unligated polypeptide to approximately 2.0 in the presence of BASA, while in the basic range pHu*, shifts from approximately 10.8 to 11.5. However, in contrast with what is observed at acidic pH*, unfolding at basic pH* leads to irreversible denaturation and exhibits a sharp, order-disorder transition both in the presence and in the absence of ligand. The structural stabilization conferred by the ligand is accompanied by a drastic reduction of the average rate of 1H-2H exchange in 2H2O under conditions that preclude a major cooperative unfolding. Thus, macro- and micro-stabilities of kringle domains appear to be highly correlated. AUDe Marco A; Motta A; Llinas M ; Laursen RA EM8601 IDHL-15535; HL-29409; RR-00292 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p411-22 MJPlasminogen MNBenzylamines /PD; Drug Stability; Kinetics; Ligands; Mathematics; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Thermodynamics MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000820 TIThe localization of transport properties in the frog lens. ABThe selectivity of fiber-cell membranes and surface-cell membranes in the frog lens is examined using a combination of ion substitutions and impedance studies. We replace bath sodium and chloride, one at a time, with less permeant substitute ions and we increase bath potassium at the expense of sodium. We then record the time course and steady-state value of the intracellular potential. Once a new steady state has been reached, we perform a small signal-frequency-domain impedance study. The impedance study allows us to separately determine the values of inner fiber-cell membrane conductance and surface-cell membrane conductance. If a membrane is permeable to a particular ion, we presume that the conductance of that membrane will change with the concentration of the permeant ion. Thus, the impedance studies allow us to localize the site of permeability to inner or surface membranes. Similarly, the time course of the change in intracellular potential will be rapid if surface membranes are the site of permeation whereas it will be slow if the new solution has to diffuse into the intercellular space to cause voltage changes. Lastly, the value of steady-state voltage change provides an estimate of the lens' permeability, at least for chloride and potassium. The results for sodium are complex and not well understood. From the above studies we conclude: (a) surface membranes are dominated by potassium permeability; (b) inner fiber-cell membranes are permeable to sodium and chloride, in approximately equal amounts; and (c) inner fiber-cell membranes have a rather small permeability to potassium. AUMathias RT; Rae JL; Ebihara L; McCarthy RT EM8601 IDEY03095; EY03282 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p423-34 MJLens, Crystalline /PH MNCell Membrane /PH; Electric Conductivity; Kinetics; Lens, Crystalline /AH; Mathematics; Membrane Potentials; Models, Biological; Rana Pipiens MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000821 TISteady-state voltages, ion fluxes, and volume regulation in syncytial tissues. ABEquations are developed that describe the steady-state relationships among ion fluxes, solute fluxes, water flow, voltage, concentration of solute, and hydrostatic pressure in a spherically symmetrical syncytial tissue. Each cell of the syncytium is assumed to have membrane channels for Na, K, and Cl, a membrane pump for Na/K, and some concentration of intracellular protein of net negative charge. However, the surface cells and inner cells of the tissue are assumed to have different distributions of membrane transport properties, hence there is a radial circulation of fluxes and a radial distribution of forces. Some reasonable approximations are made that allow analytic solutions of the nonlinear differential equations. These solutions are used to analyze data from the frog lens and are shown to account for the known steady-state properties of this tissue. Moreover, these solutions are used to make predictions on other steady-state properties, which have not been directly measured, and graphical results on the circulation of water, ions and solute through the frog lens are presented. AUMathias RT EM8601 IDEY03095; HL29205 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p435-48 MJCells; Ion Channels; Models, Biological MNBiological Transport, Active; Cell Membrane /PH; Chlorides /ME; Ions; Mathematics; Membrane Potentials; Potassium /ME; Sodium /ME MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000822 TILinear impedance studies of voltage-dependent conductances in tissue cultured chick heart cells. ABPlateau and pacemaker currents from tissue cultured clusters of embryonic chick heart cells were studied in the time domain, using voltage-clamp steps, and in the frequency domain, using a wide-band noise input superimposed on a steady holding voltage. In the presence of tetrodotoxin to block the sodium channel, a depolarizing voltage step into the plateau range elicited: (a) a rapid (approximately equal to 2 ms) activation of the slow inward current; (b) a subsequent slower (approximately equal to 25 ms) decline in the slow inward current; and (c) activation of a very slow (5 to 10 s) outward current. Impedance studies in this voltage range could clearly resolve two voltage-dependent processes, which appeared to correspond to points b and c above because of their voltage dependence, pharmacology, and time constants. A correlate of point a was also probably present but difficult to resolve owing to the fast time constant of activation for the slow inward channel. At voltages negative to -50 mV a new voltage-dependent process could be resolved, which, because of its voltage dependence and time constant, appeared to represent the pacemaker channel (also termed If or IK2). In the Appendix, linear models of voltage-dependent channels and ion accumulation/depletion are derived and these are compared with our data. Most of the above-mentioned processes could be attributed to voltage-dependent channels with kinetics similar to those observed in time domain, voltage-clamp studies. However, the frequency domain correlate of the decline of the slow inward current was incompatible with channel gating, rather, it appears accumulation/depletion of calcium may dominate the decline in this preparation. AUEbihara L; Mathias RT EM8601 IDHL 29205; HL 20230 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p449-60 MJHeart MNCells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Electric Conductivity; Kinetics; Mathematics; Membrane Potentials; Microelectrodes; Models, Biological MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000823 TINonsteady motion in unloaded contractions of single frog cardiac cells. ABWe studied the mode of shortening of enzymatically isolated single frog cardiac cells with a high-speed videosystem to see whether or not shortening is smooth. The segmental shortening of the cell in response to electrical stimulation exhibited a clear pause following the initial shortening over a distance of approximately 11 nm/half-sarcomere. Several preparations showed a second pause following the initial one. Nonsteady motion with a pause lasted usually a few tens of milliseconds. The duration of nonsteady motion was shorter in cells with large velocities of steady shortening following the pause than those with smaller velocities. AUTameyasu T; Toyoki T; Sugi H EM8601 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p461-5 MJHeart /PH; Myocardial Contraction MNCalcium /PD; Cell Movement; Heart Ventricle /PH; Heart /DE; Myocardial Contraction /DE; Myocardium /CY; Rana Catesbeiana MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000824 TIEquilibrium muscle cross-bridge behavior. Theoretical considerations. ABWe have developed a model for the equilibrium attachment and detachment of myosin cross-bridges to actin that takes into account the possibility that a given cross-bridge can bind to one of a number of actin monomers, as seems likely, rather than to a site on only a single actin monomer, as is often assumed. The behavior of this multiple site model in response to constant velocity, as well as instantaneous stretches, was studied and the influence of system parameters on the force response explored. It was found that in the multiple site model the detachment rate constant has considerably greater influence on the mechanical response than the attachment rate constant. It is shown that one can obtain information about the detachment rate constants either by examining the relationship between the apparent stiffness and duration of stretch for constant velocity stretches or by examining the force-decay rate constants following an instantaneous stretch. The main effect of the attachment rate constant is to scale the mechanical response by influencing the number of attached cross-bridges. The significance of the modeling for the interpretation of experimental results is discussed. AUSchoenberg M EM8601 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p467-75 MJActins; Models, Biological; Muscles /PH; Myosin MNAdenosine Triphosphate /ME; Calcium /PD; Macromolecular Systems; Mathematics; Muscle Relaxation; Muscles /DE; Thermodynamics MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-46-2 (Cesium) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000825 TIThe K+ channel of sarcoplasmic reticulum. A new look at Cs+ block. ABK+-selective ion channels from mammalian sarcoplasmic reticulum were inserted into planar phospholipid bilayers, and single-channel currents measured in solutions containing Cs+. Current through this channel can be observed in symmetrical solutions containing only Cs+ salts. At zero voltage, the Cs+ conductance is approximately 15-fold lower than the corresponding K+ conductance. The open channel rectifies strongly in symmetrical Cs+ solutions, and the Cs+ currents are independent of Cs+ concentration in the range 18-600 mM. Biionic (Cs+/K+) reversal potentials are only 10 mV, showing that Cs+ is nearly as permeant as K+, though much less conductive. Addition of Cs+ to symmetrical K+ solutions reduces current through the channel in a voltage-dependent way. The results can be explained by a free energy profile in which the channel's selectivity filter acts in two ways: to provide binding sites for the conducting ions and to serve as a major rate-determining structure. According to this picture, the main difference between high-conductance K+ and low-conductance Cs+ is that Cs+ binds to an asymmetrically positioned site approximately 20-fold more tightly than does K+. AUCukierman S; Yellen G; Miller C EM8601 IDRO1-AM-19826 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p477-84 MJCesium; Ion Channels /PH; Potassium; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum /PH MNElectric Conductivity; Ion Channels /DE; Kinetics; Lipid Bilayers; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Muscles /PH; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Rabbits; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN4733-50-0 (2,3-dicyano-hydroquinone) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000827 TIFluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1,4-dihydroxyphthalonitrile. A method for determining intracellular pH in cultured cells. ABWe have developed new methodology for measuring intracellular pH (pHi) in cultured cell monolayers and epithelia by analyzing the emission spectra of the trapped fluorescent pH probe, 1,4-dihydroxyphthalonitrile (1,4-DHPN). This compound is unique since both its acid and base forms possess different fluorescence emission characteristics that can be used to quantitate pHi. The fluorescence difference spectrum between an acid and alkaline solution of 1,4-DHPN has a maximum at 455 nm and a minimum at 512 nm. By determining the ratio of the intensity at these two wavelengths as a function of pH, a calibration curve was constructed. Since the two intensities are determined simultaneously, the measurement is independent of dye concentration, bleaching, and intensity fluctuation of the excitation source. Furthermore, analysis of the emission spectra permitted the detection of light scattering, binding effects, and chemical modification of the probe. A microspectrofluorometer was constructed to analyze low light level emission spectra from intracellular 1,4-DHPN. The instrument consists of a modified Leitz inverted microscope (E. Leitz, Inc., Rockleigh, NJ) with a Ploem illuminator adapted for broadband excitation and objective focusing capability. The emission spectra were collected by focusing the fluorescence from the cell onto the entrance slit of an imaging monochromator, which was scanned by a SIT camera interfaced with a computer. This permitted the acquisition of fluorescence emission spectra extending from 391-588 nm in approximately 33 ms. pHi measured in the cultured toad kidney epithelial cell line, A6, was 7.49 +/- 0.04 (n = 12) with an external pH of 7.6. A6 cells were found to regulate pHi in response to both acute acid and alkali loads and maintained pHi relatively constant over a wide range of external pH values. The technique described in this report overcomes several of the difficulties encountered with other fluorescent pH probes where excitation spectroscopy is required to monitor pH. AUKurtz I; Balaban RS EM8601 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p499-508 MJCells, Cultured; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MNCell Line; Cell Survival /DE; Fluorescent Dyes; Hydroquinones /TO; Kidney; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Spectrometry, Fluorescence /IS /MT; Xenopus MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN2609-46-3 (Amiloride) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000829 TICapacitative transients in voltage-clamped epithelia. ABIn voltage-clamped epithelia the cell membrane potential transient during a + 10-mV transepithelial pulse conforms to the expected behavior for a series combination of two linear resistance-capacitance (RC) circuits. The evolution of the cell potential is characterized by a single time constant with values of 30-130 ms in frog skin and Necturus gallbladder. These observations have important consequences for the measurement of cell membrane resistance ratios and the interpretation of current-voltage relations. AUGarcia-Diaz JF; Essig A EM8601 IDAM 29968 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p519-23 MJEpithelium; Gallbladder; Skin MNAmiloride /PD; Cell Membrane /PH; Electric Conductivity /DE; Mathematics; Membrane Potentials; Models, Biological; Necturus; Ranidae MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000830 TIOn a mechanism of cardiac electrical stability. The fractal hypothesis. ABElectrical activation of the ventricles via the His-Purkinje system is represented on the body surface by a waveform with a broad range of frequency components. We speculate that this process is mediated by current flow through a fractal-like conduction network and therefore that the broadband spectrum of the depolarization waveform should be scaled as a power-law distribution. The prediction is confirmed by Fourier analysis of electrocardiographic data from healthy men. This observation suggests a new dynamical link between nonlinear (fractal) structure and nonlinear function in a stable physiologic system. AUGoldberger AL; Bhargava V; West BJ; Mandell AJ EM8601 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p525-8 MJHeart MNAdult; Bundle of His /PH; Electric Conductivity; Electric Stimulation; Heart Ventricle /PH; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Purkinje Fibers /PH MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000831 TIChaotic and irregular bursting electrical activity in mouse pancreatic B-cells. ABThe glucose-induced B-cell electrical activity was recorded in islets of Langerhans isolated from Swiss Webster albino mice originating from different suppliers. 23 out of 25 islets obtained from mice bred at the Charles River Breeding Station (CR mice) exhibited irregular or chaotic burst patterns of electrical activity, while 36 out of 40 islets isolated from mice bred locally at the National Institutes of Health displayed the typical bursting activity. The CR mice tended to recover a regular pattern after 1 mo on the National Institutes of Health mouse diet. The irregular or chaotic bursting electrical activity is proposed to result from changes in B-cell membrane composition or cellular metabolism, possibly induced by differences in diet. AULebrun P; Atwater I EM8601 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p529-31 MJIslands of Langerhans /PH MNElectric Conductivity /DE; Glucose /PD; Islands of Langerhans /DE; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Case Report; Comparative Study; Female RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000832 TIEstimation of intracellular [Ca2+] by nonlinear indicators. A quantitative analysis. ABWhen spatial gradients of intracellular free [Ca2+] are present, intracellular calcium indicators that have a nonlinear response to [Ca2+] may yield an estimate of [Ca2+] that differs from the spatial average [Ca2+]. We present two rules that provide (a) general criteria to distinguish those classes of indicators that will yield an overestimate of spatial average [Ca2+] from those that will yield an underestimate, and (b) limits on the extent to which spatial average [Ca2+] might be over- or underestimated. These rules are used to interpret quantitatively the aequorin luminescence signals obtained from cardiac ventricular myocardium. AUYue DT; Wier WG EM8601 ID5T32GM070309007; HL29473-02 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p533-7 MJBody Fluids; Calcium; Intracellular Fluid; Myocardium MNMathematics; Models, Biological MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000833 TIPrediction of the native conformation of a polypeptide by a statistical-mechanical procedure. I. Backbone structure of enkephalin. AUPaine GH; Scheraga HA EM8601 IDGM-14312 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1391-436 MJEnkephalins; Protein Conformation MNMathematics; Models, Biological MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000834 TIUse of buildup and energy-minimization procedures to compute low-energy structures of the backbone of enkephalin. AUVasquez M ; Scheraga HA EM8601 IDGM-14312 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1437-47 MJEnkephalins MNAmino Acid Sequence; Dipeptides; Mathematics; Protein Conformation MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000835 TIAmide I band of IR spectrum and structure of collagen and related polypeptides. AULazarev YA; Grishkovsky BA; Khromova TB EM8601 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1449-78 MJCollagen; Peptides MNAmides; Fishes; Protein Conformation; Rats; Skin; Spectrophotometry, Infrared MTAnimal RN24938-00-9 (Polyglutamic Acid) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000836 TIVibrational analysis of peptides, polypeptides, and proteins. XXXII. alpha-Poly(L-glutamic acid). AUSengupta PK; Krimm S EM8601 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1479-91 MJPeptides; Polyglutamic Acid; Proteins MNProtein Conformation; Vibration MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN13400-13-0 (cesium fluoride); 26966-61-0 (Poly dA-dT); 57683-27-9 (poly(dA-dC); 7440-46-2 (Cesium); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000837 TIRaman spectroscopic elucidation of DNA backbone conformations for poly(dG-dT).poly(dA-dC) and poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) in CsF solution. AUFodor SP; Starr PA; Spiro TG EM8601 IDGM25158 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1493-500 MJDNA; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Poly dA-dT; Polydeoxyribonucleotides MNCesium; Spectrum Analysis, Raman /MT; Structure-Activity Relationship MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.11 (Pancreatopeptidase); 9007-58-3 (Elastin) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000838 TIQuaternary structure of elastin: characterization of multichain peptide fragments obtained by elastase digestion. AUSerafini-Fracassini A; Field JM; Campbell AM EM8601 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1515-26 MJElastin; Pancreatopeptidase MNAmino Acids /AN; Cattle; Ligaments /EN; Macromolecular Systems; Peptide Fragments /AN; Protein Conformation MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (oligo(dA-dT); 26966-61-0 (Poly dA-dT); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000839 TITheoretical study of the binding of aliphatic diamines to the minor groove of a B-DNA (dA-dT)11 oligomer. AUGresh N EM8601 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1527-42 MJDNA; Diamines; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Poly dA-dT; Polydeoxyribonucleotides MNModels, Molecular; Structure-Activity Relationship MTComparative Study RNEC 3.2.1.17 (Muramidase) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000840 TICompressibility of lysozyme in solution from time-resolved brillouin difference spectroscopy. AUDoster W; Simon B; Schmidt G; Mayr W EM8601 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1543-8 MJMuramidase MNChickens; Egg White; Spectrum Analysis /IS /MT MTAnimal RN69866-21-3 (CC-1065) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000841 TIBinding of CC-1065 to poly- and oligonucleotides. AUKrueger WC; Li LH; Moscowitz A; Prairie MD; Petzold G; Swenson DH EM8601 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1549-72 MJAntibiotics, Antineoplastic; Leucomycins; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Polynucleotides MNChemistry; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Structure-Activity Relationship MTComparative Study RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000842 TITheory of gel electrophoresis of DNA. AULumpkin OJ; Dejardin P ; Zimm BH EM8601 IDGM-11916 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1573-93 MJDNA MNElectrophoresis /MT; Molecular Weight MTComparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000843 TIExpressions for the interpretation of circular intensity differential scattering of chiral aggregates. AUBustamante C; Maestre MF; Keller D EM8601 IDGM 32543; AI 08247 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1595-612 MJMolecular Conformation MNLight; Mathematics; Scattering, Radiation MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000844 TIMolecular recognition. I. Automatic identification of topographic surface features. AULee RH; Rose GD EM8601 IDGM-29458 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1613-27 MJMacromolecular Systems; Molecular Conformation MNFlavodoxin; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN15136-34-2 (cyclo(L-leucyl-L-tryptophyl) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000845 TIStructure-activity relationship of a bitter diketopiperazine revisited. AUGoodman M; Temussi PA EM8601 IDDE 05476 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1629-33 MJPiperazines; Taste MNMechanoreceptors /PH; Protein Conformation; Stereoisomers; Structure-Activity Relationship MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN3546-21-2 (Ethidium) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000846 TIBinding of ethidium to bacteriophage T7 and T7 deletion mutants. AUGriess GA; Serwer P; Horowitz PM EM8601 IDGM24365; GM25177 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1635-46 MJChromosome Deletion; Ethidium; Genes, Viral; Mutation; T-Phages /ME MNEscherichia Coli /ME; T-Phages /GE MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000847 TIGas chromatography/mass spectrometry of bacterial amines. ABBacterial amines were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Under electron impact all trifluoroacetamides exhibited peaks at m/z 69 due to [CF3]+. Many trifluoroacetamides also showed peaks at m/z 97 corresponding to the [COCF3]+ ion fragment. The spectra of n-alkyl and aralkyl trifluoroacetamides were consistent with the spectra and their interpretations in the earlier literature. Molecular ions were of low abundance for all alkyl trifluoroacetamides having alkyl chains longer than two carbon atoms. Chemical ionization gave molecular weight information in all cases. Most peaks observed were molecular addition products, e.g. [M + H]+ and [M + NH4]+. Application of chemical ionization mass spectrometry to analysis of bacterial amines revealed the production of beta-phenylethylamine, n-decylamine, 1,4-diaminobutane and 1,5-diaminopentane by Clostridium histolyticum; whereas both Clostridium bifermentans and Clostridium oedematiens produced beta-phenylethylamine. The latter organism also produced a peak with a retention time similar to that of an authentic amylamine derivative. AUTavakkol A; Drucker DB; Wilson JM EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p359-63 MJAmines; Clostridium MNMass Fragmentography /MT; Species Specificity MTComparative Study IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000848 TIDerivatization of ketosteroids for fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. ABGirard's reagents were used to derivatize ketosteroids and conjugates for analysis by positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Spectra contain an abundant ion corresponding to the cation (C+) of the newly formed ionic derivative (C+A-) and relatively little fragmentation. With derivatization, detection of ketosteroids at a concentration of 1 microgram microliter-1 in glycerol was straightforward. Such derivatization schemes may prove useful in the analysis of ketosteroids in complex biological mixtures. AUDiDonato GC; Busch KL EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p364-6 MJKetosteroids MNIndicators and Reagents; Microchemistry; Spectrum Analysis, Mass /MT RN15793-40-5 (terodiline) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000849 TIBiotransformation of terodiline I. Identification of metabolites in dog urine by mass spectrometry. ABNine metabolites of terodiline (N-tert-butyl-4,4-diphenyl-2-butylamine) have been identified in dog urine by various chromatographic techniques and mass spectrometry. The main metabolic pathway is aromatic hydroxylation, leading to the quantitatively most important metabolite, N-tert-butyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butylamine, and to two dihydroxylated metabolites, one mono substituted in both rings (N-tert-butyl-4,4'-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butylamine), and one disubstituted in one ring (N-tert-butyl-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butylamine). The latter is further metabolized by methylation, forming N-tert-butyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butylamine, the second most abundant metabolite. Still another metabolite is formed by hydroxylation in the tert-butyl group to N-(2-hydroxymethyl-2-propyl)-4,4-diphenyl-2-butylamine. A very minor dihydroxylated metabolite results from oxidation both in an aromatic ring and in the tert-butyl group, giving N-(2-hydroxymethyl-2-propyl)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butylamine. Oxidation of the carbon adjacent to the nitrogen and subsequent deamination gives the two ketones 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butanone and 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butanone. Reduction of the carbonyl function in the former yields the corresponding alcohol, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butanol. Some unchanged terodiline is also present. All metabolites formed by functionalization appear to be extensively conjugated, presumably with glucuronic acid. AUNoren B ; Stromberg S; Ericsson O; Olsson LI; Moses P EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p367-79 MJButylamines /UR MNBiotransformation; Butylamines /ME; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dogs; Hydroxylation; Mass Fragmentography /MT; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Spectrophotometry, Infrared /MT MTAnimal; Female RN7440-71-3 (Californium) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000850 TIComparison of 252californium plasma desorption and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry for analysis of small peptides. ABThe data obtained with 252Cf plasma desorption (PD) and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of eight tri-, tetra- and pentapeptides were compared. Good spectra were obtained with 1-10 nmol of peptide. In both techniques molecular weight information was obtained. The PD mass spectra are often dominated by the cationized molecular ions in contrast to the fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra, where cationization is rarely observed. Amino acid content is reflected in the immonium ions equally well in both techniques. The fragmentation patterns observed with the two techniques are almost identical. However, practical sequencing of peptides based on either FAB or PD mass spectrometry of underivatized peptides alone is difficult. This is due to the unpredictable and sometimes absent cleavage yield at certain peptide bonds. Another difficulty is the many simultaneous fragmentation pathways. However, for many peptides enough information is present to allow sequence determination for at least a major part of the molecule. AUFohlman J; Peterson PA; Roepstorff P; Hojrup P ; Kamensky I; Sawe G ; Hakansson P ; Sundquist B EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p380-7 MJOligopeptides MNCalifornium /DU; Spectrum Analysis, Mass /MT; Structure-Activity Relationship MTComparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN76875-69-9 (pentacaine) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000851 TIDetermination of pentacaine, trans-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl-3-pentyloxycarbanilate hydrochloride, in biological samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. ABA quantitative and selective method has been developed for the determination of a novel local anaesthetic compound pentacaine, trans-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl-3-pentyloxycarbanilate hydrochloride, in biological samples. After ion pair extraction from 1 M HCl into 1,2-dichloroethane, pentacaine and a structurally related internal standard were derivatized to prevent thermal decomposition in the gas chromatograph. An on-column methylation technique with trimethylanilinium hydroxide was used. Determination was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with selected ion monitoring. Interferences by endogenous lipophilic constituents were avoided by including an n-hexane wash before the ion pair extraction. This wash step did not reduce the drug recoveries. The method gave linear results over a concentration range of 5-100 ng ml-1 with a coefficient of variation less than 10% at 5 ng pentacaine ml-1. Specimens of plasma, whole blood, urine as well as in vitro preparations such as hepatic microsomes were successfully analysed. AUStefek M; Benes L ; Kovacik V EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p388-92 MJAnesthetics, Local; Carbamates MNCarbamates /BL /UR; Mass Fragmentography /MT; Microsomes, Liver /AN; Rats MTAnimal RNEC 3.4.14. (Dipeptidyl Peptidases); 0 (viral tail proteins); 506-68-3 (Cyanogen Bromide) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000852 TIVerification of the DNA predicted amino acid sequence of bacteriophage P22 tail protein by mass spectrometry. ABMass spectrometry was used to verify portions of a proposed amino acid sequence of the bacteriophage P22 tail protein which had been inferred from the DNA base sequence. The exopeptidases dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I and IV and dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase were used to hydrolyse intact protein and fragments generated by cyanogen bromide treatment of the tail protein. After partial purification by high performance liquid chromatography, peptides were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the initiation amino acid, N-formylmethionine, has been removed from the N-terminal of the protein and that the protein ends at the termination codon which is 667 amino acids from the N-terminal residue. Nine regions of the protein from 13 to 42 residues in length were verified. All of the sequences checked were in the same DNA reading frame and corresponded to the proposed sequence. AUBeckner CF; Caprioli RM EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p393-8 MJColiphages; DNA, Viral; Viral Proteins MNAmino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid /MT; Cyanogen Bromide; DNA, Viral /IP; Dipeptidyl Peptidases; Escherichia Coli /GE; Mass Fragmentography /MT; Peptide Fragments /AN; Viral Proteins /IP RN7782-39-0 (Deuterium) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000854 TIElectron impact induced fragmentations of the 1,4-diene analogues of steroid hormones and related steroids. ABThe electron impact induced fragmentations observed in the mass spectra of eight 1,4-diene-3-ketopregnane steroids are described. The effect of hydroxyl substituents in positions 11 beta, 17 alpha and 21, on the typical fragmentation pattern is analysed; in particular the 'long range' effect of the 17 alpha-hydroxy group on the relative abundance of the ions m/z 121 and 122 is confirmed using specific deuterium labelling. AUGonzalez MD; Burton G EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p405-8 MJPregnadienes; Pregnenediones MNDeuterium; Mass Fragmentography /MT; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000855 TIMass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectra and B1E-B2 triple sector mass spectrometric analysis of phosphoinositides by fast atom bombardment. ABFast atom bombardment is shown to produce useful spectra of the three phosphoinositides and the metabolically related phospholipids, lysophosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid. Analysis of the [M-H]- ions for fatty ester composition by mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectra (MIKES) is shown to be inadequate to resolve fatty acyl daughter ions when the parent ion contains isobaric species. However, analysis on a triple sector instrument with and without collisional activation does provide complete compositional information. Quantitative analysis of the fatty ester content of each lipid molecular species is complicated by dissimilar ion yields from fatty acyl-bearing fragments from compositionally different parent ions. AUSherman WR; Ackermann KE; Bateman RH; Green BN; Lewis I EM8601 IDNS-05159; RR-00954; AM-20579 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p409-13 MJPhosphoinositides MNBrain Chemistry; Cattle; Egg Yolk; Liver /AN; Molecular Conformation; Phosphatidic Acids /AN; Phosphatidylcholines /AN; Phosphatidylinositols /AN; Soybeans; Spectrum Analysis, Mass /MT MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 72509-76-3 (felodipine) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000856 TIIdentification of felodipine metabolites in rat urine. ABAfter intragastric administration of 100 mumol kg-1 [14C]felodipine to rats eight urinary metabolites were isolated. Batch extraction at pH 2.2 and semipreparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography were used for trace enrichment of the metabolites. Trimethylsilylation followed by transesterification with diazomethane blocked the carboxylic acid and alcohol groups selectively before gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the electron impact (EI) mode. Deuterated derivatives of the metabolites and chemical ionization measurements added complementary structural information. All metabolites reported in this study were formed from oxidized felodipine by ester hydrolysis. Hydroxylation of the pyridine methyl group represented an important metabolic pathway and metabolites oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acids were detected as well. Lactone formation from hydroxy acid metabolites in urine as a possible analytical artefact is discussed. AUHoffmann KJ; Weidolf L EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p414-23 MJAntihypertensive Agents; Nifedipine MNBiotransformation; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid /MT; Mass Fragmentography /MT; Nifedipine /ME /UR; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN0 (maltooligosaccharides) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000857 TILaser desorption Fourier transform mass spectra of malto-oligosaccharides. ABLaser desorption mass spectra of malto-oligomers, including starch, have been obtained using Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Fragmentations of these oligomers have been examined after doping with metal salts to obtain cation-attachment ions. Doping starch with NaCl, KBr and Ag2O results in analogous cation-attachment oligosaccharide fragment ions for all three metal ions. A distinct and unusual fragmentation pattern is observed for the larger oligomers. AUCoates ML; Wilkins CL EM8601 IDGM-30604 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p424-8 MJOligosaccharides MNFourier Analysis; Lasers; Spectrum Analysis, Mass /MT; Structure-Activity Relationship MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000858 TIDetermination of infused (13C)progesterone in ovarian arterial blood by selected ion monitoring. ABGas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with selected ion monitoring (SIM) is employed to detect and approximate the levels of (13C)progesterone is small blood samples obtained at intervals from ipsilateral and contralateral ovarian arteries and a peripheral vein before, during and after infusion into the utero-ovarian vein (five women during hysterectomy). The internal standard was 16 alpha-methylprogesterone. The method is rapid and allows the time course of the infused hormone to be plotted in spite of large and rapidly fluctuating concentrations of endogenous progesterone. The results show for the first time the local in vivo transfer of a steroid hormone from the uterine vein to the adjacent ovary in humans. AUHalket JM; Leidenberger F; Einer-Jensen N; Bendz A EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p429-31 MJOvary; Progesterone MNAdult; Arteries; Carbon Isotopes; Flame Ionization /MT; Follicular Phase; Laterality; Luteal Phase; Mass Fragmentography /MT; Middle Age; Time Factors; Veins MTFemale; Human RN7005-03-0 (Leucine); 816-66-0 (alpha-ketoisocaproic acid) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000859 TIAnalysis of (1-13C)leucine and (13C)KIC in plasma by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in protein turnover studies. ABThe methods used for the determination of the concentration and isotope enrichment of (1-13C)leucine and its metabolite (13C) alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) in plasma for the study of whole-body protein turnover are described. Leucine was analysed as its N-heptafluorobutyryl isobutyl ester and KIC as its quinoxalinol-TMS derivative, both by chemical ionization selected ion monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The sensitivity of the leucine assay was improved 30 times by monitoring the negative ions under the conditions described. The coefficient of variation for enrichment and concentration measurements were 0.5% and 2%, respectively, with a minimum detectable enrichment of 0.1 at% excess for both assays. AUFord GC; Cheng KN; Halliday D EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p432-6 MJCaproates; Keto Acids; Leucine; Proteins MNCarbon Isotopes; Mass Fragmentography /MT MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN55-63-0 (Glyceryl Trinitrate); 70-18-8 (Glutathione) IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000860 TIAnalysis, disposition and pharmacokinetics of nitroglycerin. AUCurry SH; Aburawi SM EM8601 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p235-80 MJGlyceryl Trinitrate /ME MNAdministration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Biotransformation; Drug Stability; Glutathione /PH; Glyceryl Trinitrate /AD /AE /AN; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Ointments; Posture; Skin Absorption; Tissue Distribution MCReview MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine) IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000861 TIFirst-pass elimination of lidocaine in the rabbit after peroral and rectal route of administration. ABLidocaine shows pronounced first-pass metabolism upon peroral administration in man (about 30 per cent peroral bioavailability). Since the rectal bioavailability is about 65 per cent in man it is assumed that some drug is directly absorbed into systemic circulation by-passing the liver. In rats peroral bioavailability is about 8 per cent whereas rectal bioavailability is about 100 per cent. This indicates that the rat is not a suitable model to study rectal lidocaine dosage forms. The purpose of this study was to investigate lidocaine disposition and bioavailability in rabbits after peroral and rectal administration. The peroral bioavailability in rabbits was found to be about 6 per cent and the rectal bioavailability is about 33 per cent. The results indicate that the rabbit is a suitable model for the study of systemic absorption of rectal lidocaine dosage forms. AURitschel WA; Elconin H; Alcorn GJ; Denson DD EM8601 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p281-90 MJLidocaine /ME MNAdministration, Oral; Biological Availability; Half-Life; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Lidocaine /AD; Models, Biological; Rabbits; Suppositories MTAnimal; Male RNEC 1.13.12. (Mixed Function Oxidases); 58-55-9 (Theophylline); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000862 TIPharmacokinetics of theophylline in protein-calorie malnutrition. ABThe influence of protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) on the disposition of theophylline was investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed for four weeks on a 23 per cent (control) or 5 per cent (low) protein diet ad lib. Dietary protein deficiency led to a decrease in body weight gain, plasma proteins, albumin, microsomal proteins, and cytochrome P-450. After intravenous administration of aminophylline equivalent to 10 mg kg-1 theophylline, the average mean residence time (MRT) was 58 per cent higher in the protein-deficient rats, while the total plasma clearance (Cl) per kilogram of body weight and elimination rate constant (k) were decreased by 39 per cent and 45 per cent, respectively, when compared to rats on a normal protein diet. No significant difference was found in the two groups of animals with respect to the apparent steady-state volume of distribution (Vss). The present results suggest that the mechanism responsible for the observed pharmacokinetic changes in the protein-deficient rats is related to the reduced amount and/or activity of the hepatic mixed function oxidases. AUJung D EM8601 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p291-9 MJProtein-Calorie Malnutrition; Theophylline MNBlood Proteins /ME; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytochrome P-450 /ME; Dietary Proteins /ME; Kinetics; Liver /ME; Microsomes, Liver /EN; Mixed Function Oxidases /ME; Models, Biological; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN25614-03-3 (Bromocriptine); 302-33-0 (Proadifen) IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000863 TIPharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bromocriptine in the rat. ABThe absorption, distribution, and excretion of bromocriptine were studied following oral and parenteral administration of non-radioactive and 14C-labelled drug in the rat. Total radioactivity was measured in blood, tissues, and excreta by liquid scintillation counting while the parent drug was determined in plasma and selected tissues by radioimmunoassay. The pharmacokinetic observations were compared with the time course of drug-induced hypothermia in cold-room acclimatized rats. The results indicated that oral doses of bromocriptine were rapidly, though incompletely (32-40 per cent), absorbed, but underwent extensive first-pass metabolism, resulting in an absolute bioavailability of only 6 per cent. The bioavailability increased to approximately 22 per cent in rats pretreated with the hepatic microsome inhibitor proadifen, thus suggesting the liver as the principal site of biotransformation. Absorbed bromocriptine showed preferential distribution into the tissues, although no apparent accumulation of drug-related material occurred in the body. The drug was eliminated almost exclusively by metabolism and biliary excretion into the faeces. Comparison of the pharmacodynamic and the pharmacokinetic profiles indicated a dose relationship between hypothermia and plasma bromocriptine concentrations but not total radioactivity levels. The hypothermic response was also intensified by proadifen pretreatment, thus confirming the parent drug as the pharmacologically active entity. It is believed that the previously reported delay in the onset of bromocriptine activity is not pharmacokinetic in nature, but is related to the properties of the receptors at the target site or to the pharmacologic events that result in the observed effects. AUSchran HF; Tse FL; Bhuta SI EM8601 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p301-11 MJBromocriptine MNBiotransformation; Body Temperature /DE; Bromocriptine /PD; Kinetics; Proadifen /PD; Rats; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000864 TIComparison of fitting methods for the analysis of plasma concentration-time data resulting from constant rate intravenous infusion. ABPlasma concentration-time data resulting from constant rate intravenous infusion may be analysed in two ways: Samples may be collected both during and after infusion and fit to an infusion model. Samples may be collected after infusion is complete and the data may be fit as an i.v. bolus. The purpose of this study was to contrast these two fitting procedures in terms of the accuracy of the parameter values obtained. Concentration-time data were computer-generated with the introduction of random error to simulate the disposition profiles of two model drugs. The results of these simulations indicate that satisfactory values for area-dependent parameters may be obtained without fitting data during the infusion phase. The exception to this is the apparent steady-state volume whose values become less accurate with longer infusion times. The parameters most affected by ignoring data points in the infusion phase are the central volume of distribution, and the coefficient and disposition rate constant associated with the initial, rapid phase of disposition. The equation which describes the entire concentration-time profile provides the most accurate parameter estimates of the model equation. In addition, we also describe the influence of the fitting method on the intercompartmental transfer rate constants. AUJohnson SL; Mayersohn M EM8601 IDAG03460 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p313-23 MJDrugs; Infusions, Parenteral MNKinetics; Models, Biological MTComparative Study; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN117-10-2 (danthron); 478-43-3 (rhein); 517-43-1 (sennoside A&B) IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000865 TIComparative physiological disposition of some anthraquinone glycosides and aglycones. ABThe in vitro microbial degradation and the urinary excretion and biliary secretion in rats of two anthraquinone glycosides (sennosides A and B) and four aglycones (sennidins A and B, rhein, and danthron) were studied using a high performance liquid chromatographic system with gradient elution and amperometric detection. Microbial degradation of sennosides A and B occurred almost exclusively in the presence of mice caecum inoculae and was associated with the release of sennidins A and B. Rhein and danthron were indiscriminately metabolized by bacteria sampled from all regions of mice intestine, whereas sennidins lacked stability in biological media. The fraction of the dose administered orally to rats and recovered as aglycones or as glucuronides in bile and urine after 48 hours was five times greater for rhein (15 per cent) and danthron (13.4 per cent) than for sennosides A (1.8 per cent) and B (2.8 per cent) excreted or secreted as sennidins. These results support the concept that anthraquinone glycosides are less likely to enter the systemic circulation and, thus, are able to exert their laxative effect at lower doses than aglycones. AUMoreau JP; Moreau S; Skinner S EM8601 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p325-34 MJAnthraquinones MNAnthraquinones /UR; Bacteria /ME; Bile /ME; Biotransformation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glycosides /ME; Intestines /MI; Kinetics; Mice; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN50-24-8 (Prednisolone); 53-03-2 (Prednisone) IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000866 TIA pharmacokinetic model for prednisone after infusion to steady-state in the rabbit. AUFerry JJ; Wagner JG EM8601 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p335-9 MJPrednisone /ME MNChromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Infusions, Parenteral; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Prednisolone /ME; Prednisone /AD; Rabbits MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000867 TITheoretical decrease in systemic availability with decrease in input rate at steady-state for first-pass drugs. AUWagner JG; Antal EJ; Elvin AT; Gillespie WR; Pratt EA; Albert KS EM8601 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p341-3 MJDrugs MNBiological Availability; Kinetics; Liver Circulation; Models, Biological MTAnimal RN51481-61-9 (Cimetidine) IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000868 TIEffect of variations in urine pH and flow rate on cimetidine renal disposition in man. AUSomogyi A; Gugler R EM8601 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p345-9 MJCimetidine; Kidney MNAdult; Computers; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Models, Biological MTHuman; Male IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000870 TIThe generative grammar of the immune system. Nobel lecture, 8 December 1984. AUJerne NK EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p439-51 MJImmune System MNAntibodies /IM; Antibody Specificity; Antigens /IM; B Lymphocytes /IM; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes /IM; Immunoglobulin Variable Region /IM; Linguistics; Mice; T Lymphocytes /IM MCReview MTAnimal; Human RNEC 2.3.1. (Acetyltransferases); EC 2.3.1.28 (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase); 56-75-7 (Chloramphenicol) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000871 TIFunctional prokaryotic gene control signals within a eukaryotic rainbow trout protamine promoter. ABFollowing the construction of a series of pSV2-cat derived plasmids containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene under the control of a eukaryotic trout protamine promoter, it was noted that Escherichia coli, transformed with these plasmids, developed resistance to chloramphenicol (CM). This result suggested that the eukaryotic trout protamine promoter possessed significant prokaryotic promoter activity. Modification of the trout protamine promoter region by removing the region containing the eukaryotic Goldberg-Hogness box in the plasmid p525-cat increased the expression of the CAT gene almost to the wild-type level and conferred strong CM resistance. Sequence comparisons of the plasmid series indicate that prokaryotic promoter elements are present in the trout protamine promoter and that their similarity to the prokaryotic promoter consensus sequences and the distance between the two elements is more favourable in p525-cat, the plasmid which confers the greatest CM resistance. AUJankowski JM; Walczyk E; Dixon GH EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p453-61 MJPromoter Regions (Genetics); Protamines; Salmonidae; Trout MNAcetyltransferases /GE; Base Sequence; Chloramphenicol /PD; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia Coli /GE; Genes; Plasmids MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.14.16.1 (Phenylalanine Hydroxylase); 17528-72-2 (5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin); 22150-76-1 (Biopterin); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000872 TIEffect of glucagon on hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase in vivo. ABModerate doses of glucagon (20 micrograms/kg I.V.) are sufficient to stimulate rat hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase in vivo. In addition, the stimulation of the tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in livers of animals fed on a high-protein diet has been correlated with an elevated phosphate content. The tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent hydroxylase activity in these animals can be further elevated by glucagon-stimulated phosphorylation. These results indicate that physiological changes in glucagon concentration modulate rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in vivo. The current understanding of the role of phosphorylation in regulating human phenylalanine hydroxylase is also considered. AUBeirne E; Carty MP; Donlon J EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p463-7 MJGlucagon; Liver; Phenylalanine Hydroxylase MNBiopterin /AA /PD; Dietary Proteins /AD; Liver /EN; Phenylketonuria /EN; Phosphorylation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN65455-52-9 (Percoll); 7631-86-9 (Silica); 9003-39-8 (Povidone) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000873 TISeparation of human endothelial cells from fibroblasts by centrifugation in Percoll gradients. ABHuman endothelial cells from the umbilical vein and skin fibroblasts can be separated by means of centrifugation in a density gradient of Percoll. Cells show a good recovery in culture. Viability is not impaired. AUSbarbati R EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p469-72 MJCell Separation; Fibroblasts; Umbilical Veins MNCentrifugation, Density Gradient; Endothelium /CY; Povidone; Silica MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.16.3.1 (Ceruloplasmin); 11062-77-4 (Superoxide); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 53-59-8 (NADP); 54-06-8 (Adrenochrome) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000874 TIInhibition by ceruloplasmin of the cardiac sarcolemmal adrenochrome formation. ABThe addition of ceruloplasmin to bovine cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles supplemented with NADPH was able to reduce the formation of adrenochrome from adrenaline. This inhibitory effect appears at 2.5 microM ceruloplasmin and it is almost complete at the level of 20 microM. AUGuarnieri C; Ventura C EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p473-6 MJAdrenochrome; Ceruloplasmin; Heart; Myocardium MNCattle; Epinephrine /ME; NADP /PD; Sarcolemma /DE /ME; Superoxide /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro RNEC 3.1.- (Phospholipases); EC 3.1.1.- (Phospholipases A) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000875 TIHydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine liposomes by lysosomal phospholipase A is maximal at the phase transition temperature of the lipid substrate. ABWe have measured the rate of hydrolysis of liposomes made of DL-alpha-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine by a soluble fraction of highly purified lysosomes isolated from rat liver. Phospholipids are hydrolyzed into lysophospholipids and fatty acids at a rate which is maximal near the temperature characteristic of the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition of the lipid bilayer. This strong influence of the physical properties of the substrate on the enzyme activity suggests a structural analogy between the lysosomal phospholipases of the A type (EC 3.1.1.32 and EC 3.1.1.4) and the pancreatic phospholipase A2. AUVandenbranden M; De Gand G; Brasseur R; Defrise-Quertain F; Ruysschaert JM EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p477-82 MJLiposomes; Lysosomes; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases MNHydrolysis; Kinetics; Liver /ME; Rats; Thermodynamics MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.6. (NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases); EC 1.6.1.1 (NADP Transhydrogenase) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000876 TICell-free translation of mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase. ABMammalian nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase is translated as a 5000 daltons larger molecular weight precursor in a cell-free system programmed with rat liver polysomes. The mature rat liver enzyme had the same molecular weight as the purified beef heart enzyme, 115 000 daltons. The precursor was not processed in vitro by liver mitochondria or by a rat liver mitochondrial matrix fraction, nor did it appear to bind to mitochondria. In contrast, pre-FeS protein of the cytochrome bc1 complex was processed in the same samples by both mitochondria and matrix, suggesting an important difference in the processing mechanisms or in the efficiency of processing of the two precursors. AUCarlenor E; Joste V; Nelson BD; Rydstrom J EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p483-90 MJEnzyme Precursors; Mitochondria, Liver; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; NADP Transhydrogenase; Translation, Genetic MNCattle; Cell-Free System; Molecular Weight; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rabbits; Rats; Reticulocytes /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 6. (Ligases); EC 6.4.1.2 (Acetyl CoA Carboxylase); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000877 TIRegulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by glucagon in HeLa cells. ABHeLa cells cultured in medium containing lipid-free fetal bovine serum or in Waymouth's serum-free medium showed an increase in acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity of 8- and 4-fold respectively as compared to cells cultured in medium containing fetal bovine serum. This increase in ACC activity was associated with a corresponding increase in the relative synthesis of ACC. Addition of glucagon (1.5 microgram/ml) to the HeLa cell culture medium caused a 50% decrease in ACC activity. This was accompanied by a concordant decrease in the relative synthesis of ACC as measured by immunochemical techniques. AUBhullar RP; Dakshinamurti K EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p491-7 MJAcetyl CoA Carboxylase /ME; Glucagon; Hela Cells; Ligases MNAcetyl CoA Carboxylase /BI; Culture Media; Fatty Acids /BI; Hela Cells /ME MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 4.2.1.16 (Threonine Dehydratase); 4371-52-2 (Cysteine) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000878 TIRat liver L-threonine deaminase: properties and purification. ABA new method of purification of rat liver L-threonine deaminase has been developed, and the results obtained are compared with values obtained by other authors. Some properties of this enzyme (pH optimum, temperature optimum, thermal stability, specificity, etc.) have been examined and we found that the enzyme is inhibited by carbonate ions, that L-cysteine (a competitive inhibitor) is also an inactivator of the enzyme and that it is bound to the enzyme in a ratio of 0.25 mole of cysteine per mole of enzyme, supporting the hypothesis that the enzyme consists of 4 subunits. AULeoncini R; Pagani R; Casella A; Marinello E EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p499-508 MJLiver; Threonine Dehydratase /IP MNChromatography, Gel; Cysteine /PD; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Weight; Protein Conformation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serine; Substrate Specificity; Threonine Dehydratase /AI /ME; Threonine MTAnimal; Male RNEC 5.- (Carbohydrate Isomerases); EC 5.3.1.1 (Triosephosphate Isomerase); 99-20-7 (Trehalose) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000879 TIBiosynthesis of trehalose by Brevibacterium flavum: use of long range 13C-13C coupling data to characterize triose phosphate isomerase activity. ABThe 13C isotopic labeling pattern in the disaccharide trehalose (1,1'-alpha-alpha-D-glucose) produced by the microorganism Brevibacterium flavum when grown on a medium containing [1-13C]glucose has been determined. Long range coupling between C-1 and C-6 carbons of the glucose units can be observed in the excreted material. It is proposed that some of the 13C isotopomers in the excreted trehalose reflect the labeling pattern in (unobserved) fructose 1,6-diphosphate. Analysis of the label distribution within the framework of a steady state kinetic model allows an analysis of the contributions of the hexose monophosphate shunt and the degree of equilibration of triose phosphate isomerase. Analogous measurements on excreted glucose could be carried out in other organisms. AULondon RE; Walker TE EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p509-15 MJBrevibacterium; Carbohydrate Isomerases; Disaccharides; Trehalose; Triosephosphate Isomerase MNCarbon Isotopes; Kinetics; Pentosephosphate Pathway RNEC 3.1. (Esterases); 298-83-9 (Nitroblue Tetrazolium) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000880 TIThe differentiation of HL-60 cells in the synthetic medium induced by GM3 ganglioside. ABGM3 ganglioside, added exogenously to a promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60 cells) in serum-free synthetic medium, induced differentiation into macrophage-like cells. Macrophagic morphology and function of differentiation-induced cells were determined by cell growth behavior, May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining, activities of nonspecific esterase, phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. GM3 ganglioside may play a role in triggering differentiation of HL-60 cells into macrophage-like cells. AUSenoo H; Momoi T EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p517-24 MJG(M3) Ganglioside; Gangliosides; Leukemia, Myeloblastic MNCell Differentiation /DE; Cell Line; Culture Media; Esterases /ME; Leukemia, Myeloblastic /PP; Macrophages /PA /PH; Nitroblue Tetrazolium /ME; Phagocytosis /DE MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000881 TIErythrocyte membrane Ca2+-pumping ATPase of hypertensive humans: reduced stimulation by calmodulin. ABThe Ca2+-pumping ATPase of erythrocyte plasma membranes of hypertensive humans (HTN) show, in the absence of calmodulin, a low Vmax comparable to that of the enzyme of the erythrocyte membranes of normotensive humans (NTN). Although the addition of calmodulin (1.5 micrograms per ml) increased the maximum activity of the calcium pump of membranes of HTN and NTN individuals by at least 2-fold and 4-fold, respectively, the activator protein partially purified from the erythrocytes of HTN individuals enhanced the activity of the enzyme in a fashion similar to that of the protein obtained from the haemolysate of NTN individuals. A determination of the dependence of the activity of the pump on concentration of ATP revealed that the Km (ATP) of the enzyme of membranes of HTN individuals is 52% higher than that of the enzyme of membranes of NTN individuals, while the Vmax (1.75 +/- 0.28 mumol ATP mg protein-1 h-1) of the pump is 46% lower in the membranes of HTN humans than that of the enzyme of membranes of normal individuals (3.25 +/- 0.42 mumol ATP mg protein-1 h-1). It seems likely from these results that elevated erythrocyte Ca2+ concentration associated with essential hypertension may be due to a defective interaction between the Ca2+-pumping ATPase and the calmodulin Ca2+ complex. AUOlorunsogo OO; Okudolo BE; Lawal SO; Falase AO EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p525-31 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium; Calmodulin; Erythrocyte Membrane /EN; Hypertension /EN MNBiological Transport, Active; Calcium /BL; Erythrocyte Membrane /DE; Hypertension /BL; Kinetics MTHuman; In Vitro IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000882 TIDerivation and diversification of monoclonal antibodies. Nobel lecture, 8 December 1984. AUKohler G EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p533-49 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal MNAlleles; Antibodies, Monoclonal /GE; Antibody Specificity; Chimera; Immunoglobulins, Heavy Chain; Immunoglobulins, Kappa Chain /GE; Immunoglobulins, Mu Chain /GE; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice MTAnimal; Human RNEC 3.1.- (Phospholipases); EC 3.1.1.- (Phospholipases A); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000883 TICrystallization of Ca2+ ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles by phospholipase treatment. ABCa2+ ATPase molecules in sarcoplasmic reticulum, isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle, have been induced to crystallize into two-dimensional arrays by incubating the vesicles with phospholipase A2 and dialysing against dilute Tris/HCl buffer. These crystals differ in shape and size from those produced by treatment of the sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles with Na3VO4. However, the unit-cell dimensions of both types of crystals are similar. The differences in shape and size are presumably due to differences in the mechanisms of crystal formation induced by treatment with phospholipase and Na3VO4. AUMisra M; Malhotra SK EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p551-8 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum MNCrystallization; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Microscopy, Electron; Muscles /EN; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor); 37221-79-7 (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000884 TIInteraction of vasoactive intestinal peptide with rat small intestinal epithelial cells after intestinal resection. ABSpecific binding of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and VIP-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation were studied in small intestinal epithelial cells (both of crypt and villous levels) 3, 7 and 14 d after a 60% resection of the small intestine. The affinity, but not the binding capacity, of VIP receptors decreased during the adaptive hyperplastic response. Basal cyclic AMP levels were similar in cells of both control and resected rats. Resection induced a decrease of potency, but not of efficiency, of VIP on the stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation. AUDiaz-Juarez JL; Bodega G; Arilla E; Prieto JC EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p559-66 MJIntestine, Small; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide MNAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /ME; Binding, Competitive; Intestine, Small /SU; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Endogenous Substances /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.4.1.1 (Glycogen Phosphorylase); 65-23-6 (Pyridoxine) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000885 TIAccelerated degradation of glycogen phosphorylase in denervated and dystrophic mouse skeletal muscle. ABPyridoxal phosphate, the cofactor of glycogen phosphorylase, fulfils the criteria needed of a turnover label for this enzyme. The decay of protein-bound label following administration of [3H]pyridoxine is a good index of the rate of degradation of the enzyme in vivo. This method has been applied to the study of catabolism of the enzyme in normal, denervated and dystrophic mouse skeletal muscle. In both of the pathological conditions the enzyme is degraded more rapidly than normal. AUButler PE; Cookson EJ; Beynon RJ EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p567-72 MJGlycogen Phosphorylase; Muscle Denervation; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal MNMice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Pyridoxine /ME MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9008-18-8 (Keratin) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000886 TIIntermediate filament structure. ABIn a previous communication (Biosci. Rep. 3, 517-525, 1983) we described quantitative X-ray diffraction studies of alpha-keratin which were shown to be consistent with the presence of finite arrays of repeating units, successive arrays being set down at axial intervals of 470 A. In addition the axial interval between repeating units in an array was shown to be 197.9 A. It was suggested that this could most readily be explained by supposing that a surface lattice was present which contained a dislocation along a helical path with unit height h = 470 A and unit twist magnitude of t = 49.1 degrees. The number of repeating units was shown to be in the range 7-9. With 7 repeats the mismatch of the lattice along the dislocation is small and this choice was used to develop a detailed model for the filament. Subsequent studies of molecular interactions have shown however that the coiled-coil rope segments in the rod domain of the molecule are most probably oriented parallel to the dislocation, and so minimization of lattice mismatch may be less important than originally supposed. In the present communication it is shown that the choice of 8, rather than 7, for the number of repeating units yields a model which is more compatible with estimates of the linear density and also provides the basis for a general model for polymorphism in intermediate filament lattices. AUFraser RD; MacRae TP EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p573-9 MJCytoskeleton; Intermediate Filaments MNKeratin /AN; Mathematics; X-Ray Diffraction MTAnimal RNEC 2.3.2.13 (Protein-Glutamine Gamma-Glutamyltransferase); 3617-44-5 (Phenylalanine); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 5473-12-1 (sarcosine methyl ester); 56-40-6 (Glycine); 616-34-2 (glycine methyl ester); 9004-10-8 (Insulin); 9035-68-1 (Proinsulin) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000887 TITransglutaminase and cellular motile events: retardation of proinsulin conversion by glycine methylester. ABGlycine methyl ester, an inhibitor of transglutaminase, decreased glucose-stimulated insulin release and delayed proinsulin conversion in rat pancreatic islets pulse-labelled with L-[4-3H]phenylalanine. Sarcosine methyl ester, which does not inhibit transglutaminase activity, failed to affect insulin release and proinsulin conversion. The incorporation of L-[4-3H]phenylalanine into islet peptides, the ratio of hormonal to total tritiated peptides and the insulin content of the islets failed to be affected by either of these methyl esters. It is proposed that transglutaminase participates in the control of motile events involved in both the transfer of proinsulin from its site of synthesis to its site of conversion, and the translocation of insulin from its site of storage to its site of release. AUAlarcon C; Valverde I; Malaisse WJ EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p581-7 MJGlycine; Proinsulin; Protein-Glutamine Gamma-Glutamyltransferase MNCell Movement; Glucose /PD; Glycine /PD; Insulin /ME; Islands of Langerhans /DE /ME; Phenylalanine /ME; Rats; Sarcosine /AA /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN107-92-6 (butyric acid) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000888 TISodium butyrate selectively inhibits host cell glycoprotein synthesis in human fibroblasts infected with cytomegalovirus. ABHost cell as well as viral DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts infected with human cytomegalovirus was found to be largely resistant even to high concentrations of sodium butyrate. Likewise, production of viral progeny was reduced by 1-2 orders of magnitude but not abolished. On the other hand, the drug allowed (modified) glycosylation only of viral polypeptides whereas that of host proteins was suppressed. Immunofluorescence studies on living cells suggested that butyrate may interfere with processing and intracellular transport of virus-specific surface membrane antigens. AURadsak K; Wiegandt H; Unterdorfer G ; Wagner C; Kaiser CJ EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p589-99 MJButyrates; Butyric Acids; Cell Transformation, Viral; Cytomegaloviruses; Fibroblasts; Glycoproteins MNAntigens, Surface /BI; DNA Replication /DE; DNA, Viral /BI; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Fibroblasts /ME; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Fluorometry MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 69-23-8 (Fluphenazine); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000889 TIDevelopmental study on the regulation of neurotransmitter-sensitive adenylate cyclase systems in primary cerebral cell cultures from embryonic mice. ABAn ontogenetic study of the effect of various neurohormones and other activators on adenylate cyclase systems was carried out using cultures of cells from 15-d-old embryonic mouse brain. Dopamine stimulated the enzyme activity at earlier culture ages (i.e. 4 and 10 d) but had little stimulatory effect at later ages (i.e. 20 and 33 d). Further, this stimulation at the earlier ages was blocked by the dopaminergic blocker, fluphenazine, but not by alpha and beta-adrenergic antagonists. In contrast to dopamine, isoproterenol (a beta-adrenergic agonist) had little stimulatory effect at earlier ages, but its ability to stimulate cyclase activity increased with age. This increase in all age groups was blocked by propranolol (a beta-adrenergic antagonist). Epinephrine-sensitive enzyme activity showed a steady increase with age, which could be blocked with propranolol except in 4-d-old cultures, where it was blocked instead by fluphenazine. Because the cultures are relatively enriched in neurons at earlier ages and in glia in later ages, the results suggest a predominantly neuronal localization for the dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclases and a glial localization of the isoproterenol and epinephrine sensitive adenylate cyclases. Histamine, serotonin, calcium/calmodulin and chloroadenosine were either only slightly or not at all stimulatory. AUShanker G; Pieringer RA EM8601 IDNS-10221 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p601-8 MJAdenyl Cyclase; Brain /EM; Neuroregulators MNBrain /DE /EN; Cells, Cultured; Dopamine /PD; Epinephrine /PD; Fluphenazine /PD; Isoproterenol /PD; Mice; Pregnancy; Propranolol /PD MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN14875-96-8 (Heme) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000890 TIA characterization of haem uptake and intracellular distribution by isolated hepatocytes. ABThe uptake and intracellular distribution of haem by isolated rat hepatocyte suspensions was studied. An increase in cell haem content occurred after a challenge with 5, 10 or 20 microM haem, supplied as methaemalbumin. The rate of haem uptake was temperature dependent; no non-specific binding occurred. Intracellular haem distribution data are consistent with a rapid association of haem with the endoplasmic reticulum fraction prior to its accumulation in the cytosol and at the mitochondrion. AULodola A EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p609-14 MJHeme; Liver /ME MNLiver /CY; Rats; Subcellular Fractions /EN; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN53026-44-1 (Bacteriorhodopsin); 55520-40-6 (Tyrosine); 7553-56-2 (Iodine) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000891 TIInteraction of tyrosine residues with the chromophore in bacteriorhodopsin. ABWe previously reported that the absorption spectrum at low temperatures of iodinated bacteriorhodopsin can be separated into four components with maxima at shorter wavelengths than in native bacteriorhodopsin. In this study, the time course of the formation of each spectral component after iodination was analyzed, revealing that these four components correspond to four different iodinated states of tyrosine residues interacting with the retinal chromophore of bacteriorhodopsin. Therefore at least two tyrosine residues interact with the chromophore of bacteriorhodopsin. AUTakeda K; Iwasa T; Tokunaga F; Packer L EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p615-23 MJBacteriorhodopsin; Carotenoids; Tyrosine MNCold; Iodine /ME; Photochemistry; Spectrophotometry; Time Factors MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000892 TIAn International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (1985) ISCN 1985. Report of the Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature. EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(1) p1-117 MJCytogenetics; Genetics, Medical; Nomenclature MNChromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Banding; Chromosome Deletion; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Human /UL; Karyotyping; Meiosis; Phylogeny; Pongidae; Sex Chromosome Abnormalities; Species Specificity; Translocation (Genetics) MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000893 TIAccurate diagnosis and assessment of growth in patients with orofacial clefting. AUDay DW EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p1-14 MJCleft Lip /PP; Cleft Palate /PP; Growth MNAge Determination by Skeleton; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Cleft Lip /DI; Cleft Palate /DI; Growth Disorders /DI; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Nutrition MTHuman IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000894 TIDiagnostic accuracy: effect on treatment planning. Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Symposium of the Society of Craniofacial Genetics. Denver, Colorado, June 17, 1984. EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p1-151 MJAbnormalities; Patient Care Planning MNAbnormalities /FG /TH; Craniofacial Dysostosis /DI /TH; Mouth Abnormalities /DI /TH MTHuman IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000895 TIThe use of COMFORTS in a genetics clinic. ABCOMFORTS adequately meets the criteria that led to the establishment of FOMERS: data on patients are cross-indexed by name, diagnosis, and pedigree number. However, because COMFORTS utilizes the memory and sorting capabilities of a computer, it is more easily used for large databases than is FOMERS. Alphabetizing records by name in a file; adding, deleting, or modifying diagnostic categories; and assigning and sequencing pedigree numbers are easy when the work is shared with a computer. The ease with which data can be entered, changed, or deleted was shown in the foregoing description of the program. Ease of use is only one aspect of COMFORTS; expanded facility for research is equally important. Of particular interest in this latter regard is the Cardinal Sign field of COMFORTS. COMFORTS also has features that facilitate scheduling and generation of demographic reports. AUJorgenson RJ; St. John DL EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p103-10 MJFiling; Genetics, Medical; Medical Records MNComputers; Forms and Records Control /MT MTHuman IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000896 TIA new autosomal recessive syndrome with Noonan-like phenotype, myopathy with congenital contractures and malignant hyperthermia. AUKousseff BG; Nichols P EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p111-7 MJContracture; Genes, Recessive; Malignant Hyperthermia; Muscular Diseases; Noonan Syndrome MNChild, Preschool; Infant, Newborn; Phenotype; Syndrome MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000897 TIChromosomal diagnosis of the Werner syndrome. AUJaramillo C; Jorgenson RJ; Miles DA; Moore CM EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p119-26 MJWerner's Syndrome /FG MNAdult; Chromosomes, Human, 16-18; Chromosomes, Human, 19-20; Diagnosis, Differential; Karyotyping; Mosaicism; Pedigree; Scleroderma, Systemic /DI; Translocation (Genetics); Turner's Syndrome /DI; Werner's Syndrome /DI; X Chromosome MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000898 TICrouzon syndrome with periapical cemental dysplasia and acanthosis nigricans: the pleiotropic effect of a single gene? AUSuslak L; Glista B; Gertzman GB; Lieberman L; Schwartz RA; Desposito F EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p127-34 MJAcanthosis Nigricans; Craniofacial Dysostosis; Mouth Neoplasms; Mutation; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Odontogenic Tumors; Odontoma MNAdult; Child, Preschool MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000899 TITerminal transverse defects with aplasia cutis congenita (Adams-Oliver syndrome). AUShapiro SD; Escobedo MK EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p135-42 MJAbnormalities, Multiple; Fingers; Genes, Dominant; Scalp; Toes MNInfant, Newborn; Pedigree; Syndrome MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000900 TIUpper airway obstruction in craniofacial anomalies: diagnosis and management. ABParticular attention to airway problems must be paid to any child with a craniofacial anomaly. Knowledge of the potential for upper airway obstruction in children with craniofacial anomalies, early recognition of the signs of obstruction, and prompt treatment are extremely important aspects of the treatment plan for each patient. An infant with choanal atresia or a nasal glioma will need definitive repair of his specific deformity to ensure the airway prior to consideration of any other problem. Similarly, the child with severe mandibular hypoplasia may require an early tongue-lip adhesion or tracheotomy to relieve airway distress until mandibular growth or surgical advancement enlarges the natural airway. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy may present earlier and with more severe sleep apnea in a child with an already compromised pharyngeal lumen. Early tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy must be considered in these patients even if this may possibly lead to velopharyngeal incompetence. Sleep apnea may also occur as a complication of the creation of a pharyngeal flap. If operative intervention for the craniofacial anomaly is contemplated, the potential for airway problems increases. The anesthetic induction and intubation are extremely difficult in the child with mandibular hypoplasia. The anesthetist and otolaryngologist must have a full range of techniques available to them to accomplish this task. If intermaxillary fixation is required postoperatively, or if the endotracheal tube is in the operative field, consideration should be given to a short-term tracheotomy to protect the airway during and after the operation. Close cooperation among the members of the craniofacial team is mandatory to prevent and/or treat any upper airway obstruction that may occur in the child with a craniofacial anomaly. Anticipation of possible airway compromise, early recognition of any existing obstruction, and prompt management of the problem are imperative to the successful diagnosis and treatment of craniofacial anomalies. AUHandler SD EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p15-31 MJFacial Bones; Nasal Cavity; Respiration Disorders /ET; Respiratory Sounds /ET; Skull MNChild, Preschool; Child; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Intubation, Intratracheal; Laryngoscopy /IS; Respiration Disorders /DI /SU; Respiratory Sounds /DI; Sleep Apnea Syndromes /ET MTHuman IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000901 TIAdaptations to craniofacial anomalies and dysfunctions. AUChierici G EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p33-46 MJFacial Bones; Skull MNAdaptation, Physiological; Bone and Bones /TR; Cephalometry; Child; Cleft Lip /SU; Cleft Palate /SU; Macaca mulatta; Maxillofacial Development; Maxillofacial Prosthesis MTAnimal; Human IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000902 TIThe effect of syndrome diagnosis on speech remediation. ABOn the basis of work reported by colleagues, as well as our own clinical research studies of patients with the aforementioned syndromes, there are now some useful guidelines for appropriate remediation based on accurate initial diagnosis. Still, there is more to be learned about each of these syndromes. Furthermore, they represent but a small sample of a very large total. Recent literature has described the speech patterns of many more syndromes, as well as the genetic aspects of the more common speech and language disorders such as language delay, dyslexia, autism, and stuttering [72-78]. The most common recognizable birth defect is Down syndrome and there is, fortunately, a large body of information detailing the varied language, speech, and hearing aspects [79]. Those of us who work with children with Down syndrome have been alerted to the anticipated receptive and expressive language delays; the conductive and sometimes mixed hearing losses; the hoarse and raucous voices that are probably the result of a combination of anatomic, neurologic, and mucosal variations; the interesting disfluencies, and the amalgam of developmental and deviant articulatory errors. We know that although the tongue protrudes, it is rarely the true macroglossia which we would find in Beckwith syndrome, for example, but rather a hypotonic posture and a logical adaptation to an airway restricted by enlarged tonsils and adenoids and recurrent rhinitis. AUMeyerson MD EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p47-68 MJAbnormalities, Multiple; Speech Therapy MNChild; Cri-du-Chat Syndrome /RH; Down's Syndrome /RH; Ectodermal Dysplasia /RH; Growth Disorders /RH; Mandibulofacial Dysostosis /RH; Ophthalmoplegia /CN; Prader-Willi Syndrome /RH; Syndrome; Tongue /AB MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000903 TICommunicating the diagnosis to the deaf family. AUJensen KM EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p69-84 MJCommunication; Deafness; Genetic Counseling; Physician-Patient Relations MNPedigree; Sign Language MTFemale; Human; Male RN9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000905 TIAchondroplasia and obstructive sleep apnea: correction of apnea and abnormal sleep-entrained growth hormone release by tracheostomy. ABSevere obstructive sleep apnea in a patient with achondroplasia syndrome was found to result in a definitive deficiency of overnight growth hormone secretion related to absence of slow-wave sleep. Resolution of the apnea by tracheostomy resulted in normalization of growth hormone release and normal growth rates postoperatively. Sleep-related growth hormone deficiency may contribute to the short stature so often seen in a variety of craniofacial syndromes. Furthermore, this short stature may be reversible. AUGoldstein SJ; Shprintzen RJ; Wu RH; Thorpy MJ; Hahm SY; Marion R; Sher AE; Saenger P EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p93-101 MJAchondroplasia; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Sleep; Somatotropin; Tracheotomy MNChild; Sleep Apnea Syndromes /TH MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN3615-39-2 (Sorbose); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate) IS0006-355X LAEnglish JCA65 SBM UI86000906 TIThe influence of L-sorbose on red cell flow properties, shape and packing ability. ABSince the sweet ketohexose L-sorbose causes overt hemolysis in dogs but not in man, we examined the possibility that L-sorbose induces a ╥prehemolytic state╙ of human red cells, manifesting itself as impairment of rheological red cell properties. After 2 hours incubation at 37 degrees C relative viscosity of red cell suspensions measured by radial spreading in filter paper and packing ability of red cells were normal. Incubation for 24 and 48 hours of red cells in media containing L-sorbose, glucose or no sugar showed that relative viscosity was best maintained in glucose. Relative viscosity and packing ability of red cells in L-sorbose containing suspensions decreased less than in suspensions without sugar. This difference was independent of the glucose metabolism, red cell ATP, osmolality and pH of the suspending media, but appeared to be related to different degrees of spheroechinocytic red cell shape transformation observed in different suspending media. It is possible that L-sorbose has some antiechinocytic properties and/or that it induces an alteration of red cell membrane flexibility. There is no indication of an L-sorbose induced ╥prehemolytic state╙ in human red cells. AUStaubli M ; Walchli P ; Straub PW EM8601 SOBiorheology (England), 1985, 22(3) p175-84 MJBlood Viscosity; Erythrocytes; Sorbose MNAdenosine Triphosphate /BL; Erythrocyte Deformability /DE; Hematocrit; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Osmolar Concentration MTHuman; Male IS0006-355X LAEnglish JCA65 SBM UI86000907 TIAggregation of human red blood cells after moderate heat treatment. ABThe aggregation behaviour of normal and heat treated (48.4 degrees C, 48.8 degrees C, 49.5 degrees C) red blood cells (RBCs) suspended in dextran-saline solutions (Dx 70, Dx 173) was investigated by a laser light reflectometric method over a wide range of bridging energies. The characteristic times of rouleau formation were found to be increased after RBC heat treatment. The disaggregation shear stress is not significantly different between normal RBCs and heat treated RBCs. The loss of cell deformability is nevertheless shown to improve slightly the dissociation efficiency of the flowing liquid in a shear flow resulting in a small reduction of the disaggregation shear rate after heat treatment. Heat treatment is also shown to alter the structure of RBC network at equilibrium. These results indicate that heat induced alterations of erythrocytes only affects the mechanical properties of the cell membrane without significant changes in the macromolecular bridging energy. AUSnabre P; Baumler H ; Mills P EM8601 SOBiorheology (England), 1985, 22(3) p185-95 MJErythrocyte Aggregation; Heat MNBlood Viscosity; Dextrans; Erythrocyte Deformability; Kinetics MTHuman RNEC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen); 9002-84-0 (Polytetrafluoroethylene) IS0006-355X LAEnglish JCA65 SBM UI86000908 TIA new rheological method to measure fluidity change of blood during coagulation : application to in vitro evaluation of anticoagulability of artificial materials. ABIn order to attempt in vitro evaluation of antithrombogenecity for materials of artificial blood vessel tube, a new type of rheometer was developed. The rheometer originally consists of a cylindrical tube suspended from a torsion wire and filled with blood. The tube is excited in torsional oscillation and subsequent damped oscillation is observed. The apparatus can sensitively follow the change of fluidity during coagulation of blood. The damped oscillation curves during coagulation for fibrinogen - thrombin solution and blood put in a cylindrical tube made of the artificial material were measured. For fibrinogen - thrombin solution with lower fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations, the values of logarithmic damping factor (LDF) during coagulation increased and then decreased through a maximum. For blood and fibrinogen-thrombin solution with the higher concentrations of fibrinogen and thrombin, LDF monotonously decreased with the progress of coagulation. With a glass tube, the decrease of LDF for whole blood taken without anticoagulant rapidly occurred within about 15 min after sampling, while, with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (EPTFE; Goar tex) and polydimethylsiloxane (Silastic) tubes, the decrease of LDF proceeds over 40-60 min. The present method is probably available for in vitro evaluation of anticoagulability or antithrombogenecity of artificial materials. AUKaibara M; Date M EM8601 SOBiorheology (England), 1985, 22(3) p197-208 MJBlood Coagulation; Flowmeters MNAdult; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Blood Viscosity; Fibrinogen /PH; Glass; Methods; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Silicone Elastomers; Thrombin /PH; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Human RN111-30-8 (Glutaraldehyde) IS0006-355X LAEnglish JCA65 SBM UI86000909 TIRheological discrimination between native, rigid and aggregated red blood cells in oscillatory flow. ABThe viscoelastic behaviour of hardened or aggregated red blood cells is compared with the flow pattern of native red blood cells, all suspended in buffer solution at a hematocrit of 45%. The rheological properties are investigated under oscillatory shear at the constant frequency of 2Hz. Variation of the amplitude covers a range of shear-rates from 0.5/s to 200/s. It can be seen that rigidification of the red cells by treatment with glutardialdehyde leads to changes of the flow properties in the range of shear-rates above 10/s, whereas aggregate formation due to addition of dextran distinctly alters the flow properties in the range of shear-rates below 10/s. AUSchneditz D; Ribitsch V; Kenner T EM8601 SOBiorheology (England), 1985, 22(3) p209-19 MJErythrocyte Aggregation; Erythrocytes MNBlood Viscosity; Dextrans; Elasticity; Glutaraldehyde MTHuman RN1553-41-9 (5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid); 73310-10-8 (eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester) IS0006-355X LAEnglish JCA65 SBM UI86000910 TIViscosities of some triglycerides and ethylester of fatty acids frequently found in cell membranes--a possible effect of viscosity of fatty acids in phospholipids on hemorheology. AUHamazaki T; Kobayashi S; Urakaze M; Yano S; Fujita T EM8601 SOBiorheology (England), 1985, 22(3) p221-6 MJBlood Viscosity; Fatty Acids; Oils; Triglycerides MN5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid /AA /AN; Fatty Acids /AN; Membrane Fluidity; Membrane Lipids /AN; Oils /AN; Phospholipids /AN; Plants; Triglycerides /AN MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-355X LAEnglish JCA65 SBM UI86000911 TIFluorescence polarization applied to cellular microrheology. ABThe fluorescence polarization of probe molecules gives information on the ╥fluidity╙ of probe environment. Although the data cannot be related with absolute values of microviscosity, the method is largely used for probing the ╥fluidity╙ of lipid regions of biological membranes. Therefore, fluorescence polarization is of interest in clinical research, for membrane alterations are associated with either pathological processes of red cells, platelets, leukocytes or important cell functions. AUStoltz JF; Donner M EM8601 SOBiorheology (England), 1985, 22(3) p227-47 MJFluorescence Polarization; Rheology MNBlood Platelets /AN; Erythrocyte Membrane /AN; Fluorescence Polarization /IS /MT; Leukocytes /AN; Membrane Fluidity; Membrane Lipids /AN; Membrane Proteins /AN; Spectrometry, Fluorescence MCReview MTHuman IS0006-355X LAEnglish JCA65 SBM UI86000912 TIFirst haemorheological experiment under zero gravity on space shuttle 'Discovery' [letter] AUDintenfass L EM8601 SOBiorheology (England), 1985, 22(3) p249 MJErythrocyte Aggregation; Weightlessness MNSpace Flight MTHuman IS0006-355X LAEnglish JCA65 SBM UI86000913 TIAbstracts of seventh annual meeting, Japan Society of Biorheology. Sapporo, Japan, 16-17 June 1984. EM8601 SOBiorheology (England), 1985, 22(3) p251-72 MJBlood Circulation; Rheology MNBlood Viscosity MTAnimal; Human IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000914 TI[Effect of elevated systemic arterial pressure on neurogenic vasoconstriction in the microcirculatory bed of rat skeletal muscles] ABVasomotor reactions produced by electrical stimulation of the sympathetic tract were studied in anesthetized rats by intravital microscopy of the skeletal muscle (extensor hallucis proprius). Experiments were made in normal and elevated blood pressure. The stimulation itself did not change BP but led to an appreciable decrease in the initial diameter of the arterioles (28.6 +/- 1.4 m). The constriction amounted to 21%. The lumen decreased by 38.9%. Injection of felypressin (Sandoz) in a dose of 6 to 8 IU/100 g produced the pressor reaction. The 27.4% rise of BP during primary phase of the pressor response inhibited the development of the neurogenic vasoconstriction which was 11.5% for arteriolar diameter and 20.4% for lumen. The data suggest that inhibition of the neurogenic vasoconstriction is caused by an increase in arteriolar pressure. Consequently the elevation of intralumen pressure is considered as a protective mechanism of the drop of the tissue blood flow because of the sympathetic vasoconstriction. AUTimkina MI; Iusupov TT TT[Vliianie povysheniia sistemnogo arterial'nogo davleniia na neirogennuiu vazokonstriktsiiu v mikrotsirkuliatornom rusle skeletnoi myshtsy krysy.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p259-61 MJBlood Pressure; Muscles; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vasoconstriction MNElectric Stimulation; Microcirculation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN50-55-5 (Reserpine); 54-92-2 (Iproniazid) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000915 TI[Motor reactions in rats during critical growth periods in the early postnatal age] ABWithin the first days after birth, the sleeping rats demonstrate the high rate of motor reactions (RMR) of the jerk type. With advancing age the RMR diminishes. However during a sudden change in the growth, the 25-day-old rats show an increase in the RMR of the jerk type. This is manifested by the return of the functions to the state marking the first days of life. The catecholaminergic mechanisms of the growth and development of rats are discussed. AUPraznikov VP TT[Osobennosti dvigatel'nykh reaktsii u krys vo vremia kriticheskikh periodov rosta v rannem postnatal'nom vozraste.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p261-4 MJMovement; Rats MNCatecholamines /BL; Electroencephalography; Iproniazid /PH; Movement /DE; Reserpine /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000916 TI[Modulating influence of the 2d somatosensory cortex of the cerebral cortex on the effects of electroacupuncture on the trigeminal nuclei] ABThe effect of reversible functional inactivation of the second somatosensory cortex of the cerebral hemispheres on changes in the transmission of the afferent signals in the trigeminal nuclei after electroacupuncture was studied in acute experiments on adult cats anesthetized with hexenal (59 mg/kg i. p.). After functional inactivation of the second somatosensory cortex electroacupuncture failed to facilitate the evoked potentials in the oral trigeminal nucleus by stimulation of the tooth pulp and the lip of the mouth. In the caudal nucleus, the inhibitory effect of electroacupuncture on noxious stimulation decreased. The involvement of this brain cortex in the mechanisms of action of electroacupuncture on functionally different nuclei is discussed. AUReshetniak VK; Dolgikh VG; Durinian RA TT[Moduliruiushchee vliianie vtoroi somatosensornoi oblasti kory bolshikh polusharii mozga na effekty elektroakupunktury v trigeminal'nykh iadrakh.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p264-5 MJAcupuncture; Somatosensory Cortex; Trigeminal Nuclei MNCats; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000917 TI[Blood supply to the heart and coronary vasodilation reserves in experimental myocardial hypertrophy] ABThe effects of pressure overload left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on heart performance and coronary circulation were investigated in dog experiments. The data obtained clearly demonstrate that left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures were increased in LVH dogs. The heart rate and cardiac output were unchanged. However, there was a tendency toward lowering in the maximal rate of myocardial contractility and relaxation (+dP/dtmax and--dP/dtmax). It has been shown that in LVH dogs, the coronary blood flow was higher and coronary artery resistance was lower than in control ones. The peak reactive hyperemic flow was higher in LVH dogs but the coronary artery resistance calculated at the height of reactive hyperemia was similar both in control and LVH dogs, evidence of a reduction in the total coronary vasodilator reserves in the latter ones. The diastolic pressure-time index-tension time index (DPTI/TTI) ratio in LVH dogs decreased so that the value was sufficiently low to predict a reduction in endocardial perfusion even in experimental increased coronary perfusion pressure. AUStroganova NP; Kovalenko VI TT[Krovosnabzhenie serdtsa i rasshiritel'nyi rezerv koronarnykh sosudov pri eksperimental'noi gipertrofii miokarda.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p266-8 MJCoronary Circulation; Coronary Vessels; Heart Enlargement; Vasodilation MNCardiac Output; Dogs; Heart Rate; Myocardial Contraction; Vascular Resistance MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN1406-18-4 (Vitamin E); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 7695-91-2 (vitamin E acetate) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000919 TI[Effect of alpha-tocopheryl acetate on blood biochemical parameters in albino rats as affected by acoustic stress] ABExperiments on random-bred white male rats have demonstrated the activation of induced lipid peroxidation in red cell membranes, elevation on the basal level of plasma lipid peroxides, a decrease in the content of alpha-tocopherol in plasma and red blood cell membranes, considerable shifts in the content of esterified and free cholesterol in plasma and red blood cell membranes under prolonged acoustic stress (91 dB). Administration of alpha-tocopheryl acetate in a dose of 1 mg/kg exerted a beneficial effect on the test parameters under prolonged acoustic stress. AUMelkonian MM; Mkhitarian VG TT[Vliianie al'fa-tokoferilatsetata na nekotorye biokhimicheskie parametry krovi belykh krys v usloviiakh akusticheskogo stressa.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p270-2 MJStress; Vitamin E MNCholesterol /BL; Erythrocyte Membrane /ME; Lipid Peroxides /BL; Noise; Rats; Stress /DT; Vitamin E /BL /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN61742-10-7 (lithium hydroxybutyrate); 7439-93-2 (Lithium) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000920 TI[Effect of lithium salts on neuropathological syndromes of spinal origin] ABExperiments on noninbred rats were made to study the influence of lithium hydroxybutyrate on two patterns of spinal cord pathology: the generalized myoclonus and painful syndrome of spinal origin. The syndromes were induced by generators of pathologically enhanced excitation in the ventral and dorsal horns of the spinal cord. The effects of lithium chloride and sodium hydroxybutyrate were examined to compare the influence of lithium (cation) and hydroxybutyrate (anion) components to elucidate the role of each of the components. Lithium hydroxybutyrate appeared more effective, since it inhibited the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation in the appropriate structures, provoking the anticonvulsant effect in myoclonus and suppressing the painful syndrome. AUGrafova VN; Danilova EI TT[Vliianie solei litiia na neiropatologicheskie sindromy spinal'nogo proiskhozhdeniia.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p273-5 MJHydroxybutyrates; Lithium; Spinal Cord Diseases MNMyoclonus /DT; Pain /DT; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN1622-62-4 (Flunitrazepam); 50-49-7 (Imipramine); 60106-89-0 (Dihydroalprenolol); 613-67-2 (WB 4101) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000921 TI[Effect of chronic psychogenic stress on the characteristics of synaptic membrane receptors in the rat brain] ABIt has been shown that the 15-day stressing of rats by means of stochastic footshock combined with light flashes leads to a relatively stable ╥behavioral depression╙. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure to stress crude synaptosomes isolated from the whole brain demonstrated an increase in the KD of 3H-dihydroalprenolol specific binding and a lowering of the Bmax of 3H-WB-4101 specific binding sites. Specific binding of 3H-flunitrazepam changes inconclusively: the decrease in the KD is followed by a reduction in the concentration of receptors. Specific binding of 3H-imipramine by brain membranes remains unchanged under the above conditions. AUNikuradze VO; Rozhanets VV; Kozlovskaia MM; Val'dman AV TT[Vliianie khronicheskogo psikhogennogo stressa na kharakteristiki nekotorykh retseptorov sinapticheskikh membran golovnogo mozga krys.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p275-7 MJBrain; Stress, Psychological; Synaptic Receptors MNAdrenergic Alpha Receptor Blockaders /ME; Dihydroalprenolol /ME; Dioxanes /ME; Flunitrazepam /ME; Imipramine /ME; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RNEC 2.7.7.- (RNA Polymerase I); EC 2.7.7.- (RNA Polymerase II) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000922 TI[Change in the RNA polymerase activity in heart and liver cells during immobilization stress] ABImmobilization stress produces changes in the activity of polymerase I and II RNA in heart and liver cells. At the beginning of the poststressor reaction of the body the activity of both enzymes is lowered. Later on the activity of polymerase I RNA considerably exceeds the control level, whereas the activity of polymerase II RNA returns to the initial values. AUIavich MP; Meerson FZ TT[Izmenenie aktivnosti RNK-polimeraz v kletkakh serdtsa i pecheni pri immobilizatsionnom stresse.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p277-9 MJLiver; Myocardium; RNA Polymerase II; RNA Polymerase I; Stress, Psychological MNImmobilization; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN56-86-0 (glutamic acid); 6898-94-8 (Alanine); 6899-04-3 (Glutamine); 7664-41-7 (Ammonia) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000923 TI[Correction of contractile function and metabolism in canine ischemic myocardium due to exogenous glutamic acid] ABThe effect of intravenous glutamic acid infusion (3 mg/kg/min) was studied during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in anesthetized dogs. Left ventricular ischemia was induced by underperfusion of the anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries. Glutamic acid reduced the ischemic contractile depression 2 min after a 60%-reduction of the coronary blood flow. The left ventricular systolic pressure was decreased by 9% versus 22%, dP/dt by 16% versus 29%, left ventricular systolic pressure heart rate product by 16% versus 31%. Reperfusion with glutamic acid improved the recovery of cardiac performance without any increase in myocardial oxygen consumption. Glutamic acid infusion resulted in a 2-fold augmentation of glutamate uptake by the ischemic myocardium. It led to cessation of ammonia release by the heart due to activation of glutamine synthesis, enhancement of alanine formation coupled with pyruvate utilization and did not change lactate production. The mechanisms of the protective action of glutamic acid are discussed. AUPisarenko OI; Novikova EB; Serebriakova LI; Tskitishvili OV; Ivanov VE TT[Korrektsiia sokratitel'noi funktsii i obmena ishemizirovannogo miokarda sobaki pod vliianiem ekzogennoi glutaminovoi kisloty.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p280-2 MJCoronary Disease; Glutamates; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium MNAlanine /ME; Ammonia /ME; Dogs; Glutamine /ME; Oxygen Consumption /DE MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000924 TI[Hemodynamic changes in immobilization stress] ABIn chronic experiments on 75 Wistar, August and randombred rats hemodynamic changes were examined during 30-hour immobilization stress. The ECG was recorded and arterial blood pressure measured. The basic hemodynamic characteristics were determined with the help of the previously implanted ultrasonic blood flow probes. Analysis of hemodynamic changes in animals resistant, adapted and prone to stress demonstrated that changes in the total peripheral resistance play the leading role in the disturbance of the arterial blood pressure control. It was established that a progressive lowering of arterial blood pressure resulting from the abruptly reduced total peripheral resistance is the main and the most frequent cause of death of animals exposed to immobilization stress. At the same time the cardiac hemodynamic component may play an essential role in the mechanism of death. This component may include either progressive bradycardia or a combination of an ischemic myocardial damage and reduced total peripheral resistance. AUUl'ianinskii LS ; Medvedev OS; Buniatian AM; Matsievskii DD ; Rozhanskaia NI TT[Izmeneniia gemodinamiki pri immobilizatsionnom stresse.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p282-5 MJHemodynamics; Stress, Psychological MNAdaptation, Physiological; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Volume; Immobilization; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Stroke Volume; Vascular Resistance MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN1406-18-4 (Vitamin E); 50-81-7 (Ascorbic Acid) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000925 TI[Activation of lipid peroxidation processes in chronic ischemic heart disease] ABThe content of lipid peroxidation products--hydroperoxides with conjugated double bonds and fluorescent compounds, which are formed on interaction of primary lipid peroxidation products and proteins, considerably increases in blood plasma of patients suffering from coronary heart disease. Treatment with combined vitamins E and C enables the blood plasma lipid peroxidation products to be decreased to a far greater extent as compared with conventional therapy. AUKhuzhamberdiev M TT[Aktivatsiia protsessov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov pri khronicheskoi ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p285-6 MJCoronary Disease; Lipid Peroxides MNAscorbic Acid /TU; Coronary Disease /DT; Vitamin E /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000926 TI[Pulmonary circulation in different gaseous media] ABThe ultrasonic method was used in acute experiments on cats with an open (under artificial lung ventilation) and closed chest to explore lung circulation in a changed gaseous medium. Moderate hypoxia (10% O2) and hypercapnia (5, 10% CO2) induce a 10-15% decrease in the lung blood flow in the inferolobular pulmonary artery in the presence of unchanged or slightly elevated minute volume of the heart. The higher hypoxia (5% O2) provokes inconclusive changes in the lung blood flow: biphasic response or increase. It is assumed that considerable elevation of blood pressure in the common pulmonary artery in all the cases points to vasoconstriction that occurs under the effect of hypoxia and hypercapnia. AUSanotskaia IV; Matsievskii DD TT[Legochnoe krovoobrashchenie v usloviiakh izmenennoi gazovoi sredy.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p286-9 MJAnoxia; Hypercapnia; Pulmonary Circulation MNAsphyxia /PP; Cats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN64-69-7 (iodoacetic acid) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000927 TI[Oscillatory evoked potentials in the rabbit visual system during experimental retinal pathology induced by administration of monoiodoacetic acid] ABERG and EP of the visual cortex (VC) and superior colliculus (SC) were investigated under experimental dystrophy of the retina induced by intravenous injection of monoiodoacetic acid in different doses. The relative resistance of the VC to the derangement of retinal function was established. It was manifested by less marked suppression of its EP as compared with ERG. Taking into consideration the selective projection to the SC of the rod system that was damaged to a greater degree under pathology in question, it is suggested that functional suppression of the SC might facilitate the conduction of visual information through the main retino-geniculo-cortical canal. This might be one of the factors of VC resistance to the impairment of retinal function. This assumption was confirmed in experiments with SC electrocoagulation in which one could observe the facilitation of EP formation of the contralateral VC. AUGasanov GG; Gadzhieva NA; Rzaeva NM; Dmitrenko AI; Kulieva FB TT[Ostsilliatornye vyzvannye potentsialy v zritel'noi sisteme krolika pri eksperimental'noi patologii setchatki, sozdannoi vvedeniem monoioduksusnoi kisloty.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p289-92 MJEvoked Potentials, Visual; Retinal Degeneration /PP; Superior Colliculus; Visual Cortex MNElectroretinography; Iodoacetates; Rabbits; Retinal Degeneration /CI MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN50-22-6 (Corticosterone); 6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000928 TI[Dynamics of indices of the rat endocrine and lymphatic systems during cold adaptation] ABA study was made of the content of corticosterone, thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the blood, of the thymic weight and cytomorphological characteristics of rat lymph nodes during prolonged cold (4-5 degrees C) adaptation. Interrelated alterations in the characteristics under study were revealed at different stages of adaptation. The morphofunctional recovery of the lymphoid tissue occurs in the phase of the increased specific stability in spite of the fact that the action of cold is continued and the blood corticosterone concentration is elevated. A new type of the endocrine-lymphoid relationships is supposed to be formed during lengthy adaptation, with this type being different from that both in the starting state and acute stress. AUBorodin IuI; Sedova LA; Seliatitskaia VG; Shorin IuP TT[Dinamika nekotorykh pokazatelei endokrinnoi i limfaticheskoi sistem u krys pri kholodovoi adaptatsii.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p292-4 MJAcclimatization; Cold; Endocrine Glands; Lymphatic System MNCorticosterone /BL; Lymph Nodes /CY; Organ Weight; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Thymus Gland; Thyroxine /BL; Triiodothyronine /BL MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN525-66-6 (Propranolol) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000929 TI[Changes in the blood microcirculation in the mouth mucosa in experimental stomatitis] ABAphthous lesions in the oral mucosa (OM) were simulated in dog experiments by ligation of the common bile duct. In one of the experimental groups the beta-adrenoblocker propranolol was administered 30 min before surgery. Two hours after surgery the animals manifested changes in blood microcirculation of the OM. In animals treated with propranolol, the characteristics of blood microcirculation remained within normal. It is concluded that the development of aphthous lesions is preceded by functional disorders of blood microcirculation in the OM which are probably related to alterations in the neurovascular system. AUBarkovskii VS ; Airapetian GO TT[Izmeneniia gemomikrotsirkuliatsii v slizistoi obolochke polosti rta pri eksperimental'nom stomatite.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p294-6 MJMouth Mucosa; Stomatitis, Aphthous MNCommon Bile Duct /PH; Dogs; Ligation; Microcirculation /DE; Mouth Mucosa /DE; Propranolol /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN1406-18-4 (Vitamin E); 7559-04-8 (tocopherylquinone) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000930 TI[Effect of alpha-tocopherol on the concentration of alpha-tocopherylquinone in human blood lipids] ABThe electron-spin resonance (ESR) was applied to examine human plasma and red cell lipids. In the lipids, the signal of ESR of alpha-tocopherylquinone was recorded. The concentration of the latter in the lipids was found to be elevated in coronary heart disease. Intramuscular injection of 30% oily solution of alpha-tocopherylquinone in a dose of 2 ml two times a day over three days entailed an increase in the concentration of alpha-tocopherylquinone in plasma and red cell lipids. AUSaifutdinov RG TT[Vliianie al'fa-tokoferola na kontsentratsiiu al'fa-tokoferilkhinona v lipidakh krovi liudei.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p296-7 MJCoronary Disease; Lipids; Vitamin E MNErythrocytes /ME; Vitamin E /BL MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN35080-11-6 (Prajmaline); 4360-12-7 (Ajmaline) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000931 TI[Localization of the binding site for quaternary derivatives of ajmaline in the Na channel of an excitable membrane] ABThe effects of external or internal application of quaternary derivatives of ajmaline and N-propyl ajmaline (NMA) to the frog nodes of Ranvier were studied by the voltage clamp method. It was established that external application of NMA is much less effective than that of the tertiary amine ajmaline or its quaternary analog N-ethyl ajmaline at comparable concentration. Even at a concentration of 1 mM NMA when applied externally caused only relatively insignificant tonic and use-dependent inhibition of sodium currents. In contrast, internal application of NMA (1 mM) through the cut ends of the fiber led to pronounced use-dependent inhibition of sodium currents. The conclusion is drawn that the binding site for NMA is located in the inner mouth of the Na channels which becomes available for the charged blocker only after opening of the activation gate. AUZaborovskaia LD; Khodorov BI TT[O lokalizatsii uchastka sviazyvaniia chetvertichnykh derivatov aimalina v Na-kanale vozbudimoi membrany.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p297-9 MJAjmaline; Ion Channels /ME; Prajmaline; Ranvier's Nodes /ME MNBinding Sites; Ion Channels /DE; Prajmaline /PD; Rana ridibunda; Ranvier's Nodes /DE MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000932 TI[Accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in cataractous lenses] ABA study was made of the content of lipid peroxidation products (LPP) in the lenses extracted during operations for cataract as well as in transparent human lenses. In a mature cataract, the elevated content of primary, secondary and end products of lipid peroxidation (diene and triene conjugates, Schiff bases) was revealed. The content of LPP was identical in different clinical patterns of a mature cataract (senile, traumatic, complicated), which points to the universal role of lipid peroxidation in lenticular opacity. AUBabizhaev MA; Shvedova AA; Arkhipenko IuV; Kagan VE TT[Nakoplenie produktov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v khrustalike pri katarakte.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p299-301 MJCataract /ME; Lens, Crystalline; Lipid Peroxides MNCataract /FG; Mice MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Human; In Vitro RNEC 3.4.23.1 (Pepsin) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000933 TI[Interaction of enzymatically modified low-density lipoproteins with fibronectin] ABInteraction of human low-density lipoproteins (LDL) with homologous fibronectin fixed on collagen-Sepharose was studied. LDL were digested with pepsin, the degree of hydrolysis amounting to 10%. Upon passing modified LDL through a fibronectin-collagen-Sepharose column the desorption of fibronectin occurred. Addition of the increasing amount of fibronectin to the pepsin-treated LDL solution in the presence of Ca2+ ions led to the formation of LDL-fibronectin insoluble complexes. Interaction of native LDL with fibronectin was not observed. The data suggest that enzymatic modification of LDL increasing interaction of modified LDL with fibronectin, a component of extracellular matrix, could promote the accumulation of such LDL in arterial walls. AUChulkova TM TT[Vzaimodeistvie fermentativno modifitsirovannykh lipoproteidov nizkoi plotnosti s fibronektinom.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p301-3 MJFibronectins; Lipoproteins, LDL; Pepsin MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman; In Vitro RN11062-77-4 (Superoxide); 555-60-2 (Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000934 TI[Generation of superoxide radicals by ischemic heart mitochondria] ABTiron (1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid, disodium salt) was used as a spin trap to detect superoxide radicals produced by rat heart mitochondria. It was shown that ischemia results in the enhancement of the mitochondrial superoxide-forming activity. In the presence of the oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler mesoxalonitrile (3-chlorophenyl)-hydrazone the superoxide production rate in the control mitochondria increases, that in the ischemic mitochondria remains unchanged. AULedenev AN; Ruuge EK TT[Generatsiia superoksidnykh radikalov mitokhondriiami serdtsa v usloviiakh ishemii.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p303-5 MJCoronary Disease; Mitochondria, Heart /ME MNCarbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone /PD; Electron Spin Resonance; Free Radicals; Mitochondria, Heart /DE; Rats; Superoxide /ME; Uncoupling Agents /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000935 TI[Frequency-dependent effects in an alternating electric field on an isolated frog heart] ABAn isolated frog heart placed in a special chamber with Ringer solution (pH 7.2) was stimulated by electric field at a frequency of 0.3-4.0 Hz with graphite electrodes immersed in the solution. Unusual resonance phenomena were observed during a progressive increase or decrease of the stimulation frequency: the amplitude of the mechanical responses of the preparation rose at multiple frequencies of stimulation, whereas the frequency of the responses remained unchanged. AUBogdanova EA; Pliashkevich LN; Smagin AG TT[Chastotozavisimye effekty v znakoperemennom elektricheskom pole na izolirovannom serdtse liagushki.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p305-8 MJHeart MNElectric Stimulation; Electromagnetic Fields; Myocardial Contraction; Rana Temporaria MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000936 TI[Determination of double bonds in the lipid fraction of blood plasma in burn patients using the ADS-4M apparatus] ABAn ADS-4M analyser was employed to study the diagnostic potentialities of the method for determination of double bonds (DB) in lipids of the burnt's blood as a rapid method for revealing alterations in unsaturated fatty acids (USFA). The method was tried in 25 patients with varying gravity of burn injury and in 15 healthy subjects with a purpose of establishing the norm. It was discovered that in patients with burn, the number of DB differed from normal depending on the disease gravity. The time course of changes in the number of DB attests to the necessity of the use of the method under consideration for evaluating abnormalities in the content of USFA. AUSologub VK; Oliunina NA; Lisitsyn DM; Lavrov VA; Babskaia IuE TT[Opredelenie dvoinnykh sviazei lipidnoi fraktsii plazmy krovi priborom ADS-4M u obozhzhennykh.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p308-10 MJBlood Chemical Analysis; Burns; Lipids MNAdolescence; Adult; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000937 TI[Characteristics of the benzodiazepine receptors in rats with different predispositions to the development of experimental alcoholism] ABA study was made of the density and affinity of benzodiazepine receptors in the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres and hippocampus of rats with different predisposition to alcohol consumption. No differences were revealed in the parameters under study in animals with varying duration of ethanol anesthesia and in rats after voluntary consumption of ethanol for 3.5 and 10 months. In a state of abstinence rats with physical dependence manifested a dramatic decrease in the density and affinity of benzodiazepine receptors in the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres. No changes described were detected in the hippocampus. The role of benzodiazepine receptors in the development of abstinence is discussed. AUBurov IuV; Iukhananov RIu; Maiskii AI TT[Kharakteristika benzodiazepinovykh retseptorov u krys s razlichnoi predraspolozhennost'iu k razvitiiu eksperimental'nogo alkogolizma.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p311-3 MJAlcoholism; Cerebral Cortex; Hippocampus; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine MNAlcohol, Ethyl; Rats; Substance Dependence /ME MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN10099-58-8 (lanthanum chloride); 10138-52-0 (gadolinium chloride); 57-27-2 (Morphine); 7439-91-0 (Lanthanum); 7439-96-5 (Manganese); 7440-02-0 (Nickel); 7440-54-2 (Gadolinium); 7718-54-9 (nickel chloride); 7773-01-5 (manganese chloride) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000938 TI[Potentiating action of bi- and trivalent metal salts on the analgesic effect of morphine] ABIt has been found that the metal salts MnCl2, NiCl2, GdCl3 and LaCl3 in doses up to 30, 20, 5 and 10 micrograms, respectively, potentiate the analgesic effect of intracisternally injected morphine (2 micrograms per mouse). The ability of the metal salts to potentiate the affinity of opiate ligands to the appropriate receptors is effectuated via interaction of metal cation with the specific opiate receptor site. It is suggested that one of the possible mechanisms of the potentiating effect of some metal salts on the morphine-induced analgesia involves the enhancement of morphine affinity for mu-receptors in the brain. AUChichenkov ON; Porodenko NV; Zaitsev SV TT[Potentsiruiushchee deistvie solei dvukh- i trekhvalentnykh metallov na anal'geticheskikh effekt morfina.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p313-5 MJAnalgesics; Metals; Morphine MNDrug Synergism; Gadolinium /PD; Lanthanum /PD; Manganese /PD; Mice; Nickel /PD; Receptors, Endorphin /DE MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN1307-52-4 (Ruthenium Red); 58-08-2 (Caffeine); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 94-24-6 (Tetracaine) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000939 TI[Effect of caffeine on the Ca2+-transport function of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles in the rat myocardium] ABThe effects of caffeine on active transport of Ca2 by heavy and light fractions of rat myocardial microsomes were investigated with the use of a Ca2+-selective electrode and nephelometry. It was found that under the effect of caffeine (5 mM) the rate of Ca2 transport in the presence of oxalate decreased by 30 to 40%. The caffeine-induced inhibition was prevented by ruthenium and tetracaine, thus suggesting the inhibitor specificity. Since caffeine is a specific blocker of Ca2 transport to the terminal cisterns of the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, it is assumed that the microsomal fraction of rat myocardium contains terminal cistern fragments. AUBenevolenskii DS ; Men'shikova EV; Levitskii DO ; Ritov VB; Kozlov IuP TT[Vliianie kofeina na Ca2+-transportiruiushchuiu funktsiiu puzyr'kov sarkoplazmaticheskogo retikuluma iz miokarda krysy.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p315-7 MJCaffeine /PD; Calcium; Myocardium; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum MNBiological Transport, Active /DE; Caffeine /AI; Microsomes /ME; Rats; Ruthenium Red /PD; Tetracaine /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro RN502-85-2 (Sodium Oxybate) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000940 TI[State of the peripheral catecholaminergic systems during pharmacologic correction of immobilization stress using sodium oxybutyrate] ABFluorescent microscopy and spectrofluorometry of biogenic amines were employed to study the peripheral catecholaminergic systems in immobilized rats which received sodium hydroxybutyrate. The content of catecholamines was measured in the adrenergic nerves of dura mater, vas deferens and chromaffin tissue of the adrenals. It was established that sodium hydroxybutyrate in a dose of 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally promoted returning to normal of the adrenergic mediator activity during alarm and resistance stages. The role of the peripheral catecholaminergic systems in the mechanism of the stress-protective effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate is discussed. AUKhaisman EB ; Malikova LA; Arefolov VA TT[Sostoianie perifericheskikh katekholaminergicheskikh sistem v usloviiakh farmakologicheskoi korrektsii immobilizatsionnogo stressa s pomoshch'iu oksibutirata natriia.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p317-9 MJCatecholamines; Hydroxybutyrates; Sodium Oxybate; Stress, Psychological MNAdrenal Glands /ME; Adrenergic Fibers /ME; Chromaffin System /ME; Dura Mater /ME; Immobilization; Rats; Vas Deferens /ME MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN502-85-2 (Sodium Oxybate); 542-78-9 (Malondialdehyde); 61742-10-7 (lithium hydroxybutyrate); 7439-93-2 (Lithium) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000941 TI[Study of the mechanism of the anti-hypoxic action of lithium oxybutyrate using cerebral ischemia as a model] ABA study was made of energy metabolism and concentration of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in cerebral tissue of mice given sodium hydroxybutyrate and lithium hydroxybutyrate 30 and 60 s after decapitation. Administration of lithium hydroxybutyrate brought about a more economic consumption of the glycogen pool as compared with ╥hypoxic╙ control. The differences were revealed in the action of both salts on ATP. The concentration of MDA declined after their administration, lithium hydroxybutyrate being more efficacious. The possible mechanisms of the action of lithium hydroxybutyrate are discussed. AUIvanova IA; Bobkov IuG; Losev AS TT[Izuchenie mekhanizma antigipoksicheskogo deistviia oksibutirata litiia na modeli ishemii mozga.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p319-22 MJCerebral Ischemia; Hydroxybutyrates; Lithium MNBrain /ME; Cerebral Ischemia /ME; Energy Metabolism /DE; Malondialdehyde /ME; Mice; Sodium Oxybate /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000942 TI[Correlation between the number of serotonin type 2 receptors in the frontal cortex of the mouse brain and the expressivity of serotonin-dependent head twitches] ABThe number of serotonin type 2 receptors (S2) was measured in the frontal cortex of mice belonging to 7 inbred strains using specific 3H-spiperone binding. In the same mice, measurements were also taken of the number of 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced (200 mg/kg i.p.) of head twitches (HT). A significant positive interspecific correlation was demonstrated between the number of S2 and HT. The conclusion is drawn that in the frontal cortex 3H-spiperone is bound to functionally active S2 and that the intensity of HT is largely controlled by the genetically determined number of S2 in the brain. AUPopova NK; Kulikov AV; Pak DF TT[Korreliatsiia mezhdu kolichestvom serotoninovykh retseptorov vtorogo tipa vo frontal'noi kore mozga myshei i vyrazhennost'iu serotoninzavisimogo vstriakhivaniia golovoi.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p322-4 MJFrontal Lobe; Head; Hydroxytryptophan; Movement; Receptors, Serotonin MNMice, Inbred Strains; Mice MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000943 TI[Change in the absorptive capacity of macrophages from different organs after administration of hydrocortisone] ABTwo, twenty-four and 48 h after hydrocortisone treatment in a dose of 125 mg/kg bw the blood clearance rate for colloidal carbon particles in rats turned to be 2, 2.1. and 1.6 times less whereas that for 51Cr-SRBC in CBA mice 2.1, 2.2 and 1.7 times less as compared to untreated controls. Within 24 and 72 h after hormone injection the efficacy of red blood cell uptake by Kupffer cells decreased 1.35 and 1.8 times whereas the similar uptake by lung or spleen macrophages changed but insignificantly and that by bone marrow cells was even greater than in controls. Toward the 5th day after zymosan treatment the uptake capacity of Kupffer cells was the greatest whereas the plasma 11-OHCS content was 1.3-fold less versus the control values. AUMaianskii DN ; Voronina NP; Voronin AIu TT[Izmenenie poglotitel'noi sposobnosti makrofagov iz raznykh organov pri vvedenii gidrokortizona.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p324-6 MJHydrocortisone; Macrophages; Phagocytosis MN11-Hydroxycorticosteroids /BL; Bone Marrow /DE; Kidney /DE; Kupffer Cells /DE; Liver /DE; Lung /DE; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spleen /DE; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000944 TI[Role of antigen-binding cells in the formation of producers of antibodies and antigen-dependent nonspecific immunoglobulins] ABThe role of antigen-binding cells in the formation of antigen-dependent nonspecific immunoglobulin producers in the Mishell-Dutton system was investigated. It was shown that the main part of antigen-dependent nonspecific immunoglobulin producers arise from the cells bearing antigen-specific receptors (as well as antibody producers). The nature of antigen-specific receptors of the precursors of antibody-forming and antigen-dependent nonspecific immunoglobulin-forming cells is discussed. AUAgadzhanian MG; Megrabian TB; Sidorova EV TT[Rol' antigensviazyvaiushchikh kletok v obrazovanii produtsentov antitel i antigenzavisimykh nespetsificheskikh immunoglobulinov.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p327-9 MJAntibody-Producing Cells; Antigens; Immunoglobulins MNMice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Receptors, Antigen /IM; Spleen /IM MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000945 TI[Immunologic typing of splenic lymphocytes from human fetuses--donors of pancreatic islet cell cultures] ABTo determine the HLA-phenotype of a potential donor of pancreatic islet cells, use was made of lymphocytes from 18-25-week-old human fetuses. The HLA-phenotype was clearly established in 39 out of 52 cases. In 13 cases, the authors failed to reveal histocompatibility antigens because of low viability of lymphocytes. The relationship was ascertained between the detectability of HLA-antigens in fetal donors and cytophysiological characteristics of islet cell cultures prepared from the pancreas. AUKrasavtseva TK; Dolbin AG; Zaretskaia IuM; Bliumkin VN; Durneva TS TT[Immunologicheskoe tipirovanie limfotsitov selezenki vnutriutrobnykh plodov cheloveka--donorov kul'tur ostrovkovykh kletok] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p330-1 MJFetus; Histocompatibility Testing; Islands of Langerhans; Tissue Donors MNHLA Antigens /AN; Spleen /IM MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 11137-48-7 (essential 303 forte); 114-86-3 (Phenformin); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 637-07-0 (Clofibrate) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000947 TI[Effect of hypolipidemic preparations on basal and stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in tumor cells] ABA study was made of the action of the antidiabetic biguanide phenformin, clofibrate and the phospholipid drug Essentiale on the basal and adrenaline-stimulated activity of adenylate cyclase in Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma cells. All the drugs under study potentiated the hormone-stimulated activity of adenylate cyclase. Unlike phenformin and Essentiale, clofibrate did not exert any effect on the basal activity of adenylate cyclase. On the other hand, certain differences were revealed in changes of the lipid content of tumor cells during application of the drugs in question. Stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by hypolipidemic drugs is regarded as a promising approach to the goal-oriented changing of hormonal sensitivity of tumor cells. AUBershtein LM ; Kovaleva IG; Rozenberg OA TT[Vliianie gipolipidemicheskikh preparatov na bazal'nuiu i stimulirovannuiu aktivnost' adenilattsiklazy v opukholevykh kletkakh.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p334-6 MJAdenyl Cyclase; Antilipemic Agents; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor MNCarcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor /ME; Clofibrate /PD; Enzyme Activation; Epinephrine /PD; Lipids /ME; Mice; Phenformin /PD; Phosphatidylcholines /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000948 TI[Interaction of alveolar macrophages with fibronectin during sensitization and anaphylactic shock] ABInteraction of rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) with homologous fibronectin bound to gelatin-sepharose granules was studied. Macrophages obtained at the height of anaphylactic shock and cells from sensitized animals after preincubation with antigen or histamine failed to adhere to the fibronectin-coated surface. AM from intact and sensitized animals were capable of adhering to the fibronectin-coated granules in a Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent manner. Pretreatment of intact cells with trypsin inhibited AM-fibronectin interaction. The data indicate that the surface of AM bears protein receptors, capable of interacting with fibronectin, which change their affinity during anaphylactic shock and under the effect of histamine. It may be thus concluded that fibronectin is involved in the function of mononuclear phagocytes in health, evidence that complements the idea of the role played by macrophages in the pathogenesis of the immediate type hypersensitivity. AUZubairova LD; Zinkevich OD; Litvinov RI TT[Vzaimodeistvie al'veoliarnykh makrofagov s fibronektinom pri sensibilizatsii i anafilakticheskom shoke.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p336-9 MJAnaphylaxis; Fibronectins; Hypersensitivity; Macrophages; Pulmonary Alveoli MNRabbits MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000949 TI[Nature of the chalone fraction of erythrocyte extracts] ABThe chalone fraction of erythrocyte extracts is immunologically identical to albumin and not identical to hemoglobin. It differs from albumin and hemoglobin in biological properties and electrophoretic mobility. The immune antichalone serum permits evaluating erythropoiesis in posttransfusion polycythemia and acute blood loss. AUNeustroev GV TT[Issledovanie prirody keilonnoi fraktsii ekstraktov eritrotsitov.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p339-40 MJChalones; Erythrocytes MNHemorrhage /BL; Polycythemia Vera /BL; Polycythemia /BL; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Human IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000950 TI[Differences in the rate of establishment of permanent estrus in rats after autotransplantation of the ovaries and as affected by other conditions] ABIn adult female rats, constant light leads to the cessation of the sexual cycle and formation of permanent estrus after 6 to 7 days. In young animals, the sexual cycle was retained despite constant light and only after 3 months when the body weight of the rats reached 200-220 g the estrus became permanent. This happened earlier than in animals with the ovaries autotransplanted to the ears. The combination of constant light and autotransplantation of the ovaries caused an earlier formation of permanent estrus. It is marked that the same mechanism (the age-associated decrease of the cyclic center sensitivity to estrogen) underlies permanent estrus of various etiology. AUSmetanina MD; Vunder PA TT[Razlichiia v skorosti ustanovleniia postoiannogo estrusa u krys pri autotransplantatsii iachnikov i nekotorykh vozdeistviiakh.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p341-2 MJEstrus; Ovary MNAging; Light; Rats; Time Factors; Transplantation, Autologous MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN0 (estrophilin) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000951 TI[Role of sex steroids and the pituitary in regulating the level of a specific estrogen-binding protein in rat liver] ABThe effects of androgens (A), estrogens (E) and hypophysectomy on the content of an unusual rat liver estrogen-binding protein (UEBP) were studied by the differential quantitative method of the UEBP content measurement. The UEBP content was shown to increase during maturation of male rats. After A injections the UEBP content was high only in the liver of prepubertal but not of mature or immature males. Castration or hypophysectomy of mature males equally caused a decrease in the UEBP content in mature males whereas subsequent administration of A made it completely return to normal. Hypophysectomy of castrated males did not alter the UEBP content. A single injection of E provoked an appreciable reduction in the UEBP level after several days. Administration of A interfered with the inhibitory action of E after simultaneous injection of A and E and recovered the E-induced lowering of the UEBP content upon administration of A following E. Hypophysectomy of castrated males did not affect significantly the UEBP level. The UEBP content was insensitive to the direct action of pituitary factors. The pituitary is necessary for the realization of the effects of E alone but not A. It is suggested that the regulatory role of A consists in the maintenance of the constant optimal UEBP level in rat liver. AUSmirnova OV; Vishniakova TG; Rozen VB TT[Rol' polovykh steroidov i gipofiza v reguliatsii urovnia osobogo estrogensviazyvaiushchego belka pecheni krys.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p342-5 MJCarrier Proteins; Liver; Pituitary Hormones; Sex Hormones /PH MNCastration; Hypophysectomy; Rats; Receptors, Estrogen /ME; Sex Hormones /AD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000952 TI[Structural and functional organization of the dorsal column nuclei after unilateral exclusion of the medial lemniscus] ABThe authors studied ultrastructural changes in neurons and alterations in evoked electrical responses after stimulation of the forelegs in the nuclei gracilis and cuneatus one year after unilateral section of the medial lemniscus in cats. It was shown that intact projectional elements of the nuclei gracilis and cuneatus had the normal cytological appearance and functional activity of their synaptical organization in spite of the cytoarchitectonic asymmetry. After disruption of the medial lemniscus the symmetrical nuclei of the dorsal columns did not exhibit any asymmetry in the distribution of evoked responses after stimulation of the forelegs. AUOrlova TV; Grechkina EE TT[Strukturno-funktsional'naia organizatsiia iader dorsal'nykh stolbov posle odnostoronnego vykliucheniia medial'noi petli.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p346-9 MJMedulla Oblongata; Neural Pathways; Thalamic Nuclei MNCats; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Forelimb /IR; Medulla Oblongata /UL; Microscopy, Electron; Thalamic Nuclei /UL MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000953 TI[Morphological characteristics of tissue components of different layers of the rat myocardium] ABThe tissue components of the subendocardial, inner and outer intramural layers of the myocardium were examined by morphometry. There was no significant difference in the proportion of cardiomyocytes in the different layers of the myocardium (subendocardium 0.820 +/- 0.007; inner layer 0.713 +/- 0.100; outer intramural layers 0.727 +/- 0.008; subepicardium 0.699 +/- 0.009). The relative surface of cardiomyocytes was maximal in the subepicardium (58.62 +/- 1,18). The magnitudes of the volumetric density and surface of the capillaries decreased from the subepicardial toward the subendocardial layer. The diameter of myocytes in the test layers of the myocardium varied within a wide range. AUFedoseev VA; Pistsova TV TT[Morfologicheskie kharakteristiki tkanevykh komponentov raznykh sloev miokarda krysy.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p349-51 MJHeart MNMyocardium /CY; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000954 TI[Morphological characteristics of changes in the skeletal muscle tissue of the extremities after experimental post-ischemic recirculation] ABThe canine ischemic muscle tissue was subjected to a comprehensive morphological study after the recovery of the blood flow in the limbs for 2 hours. The effectiveness of of the recovery of the blood flow after the 3-hour ischemia was supported in acute experimental occlusion of the artery. The blood flow recovery after 6 hours of ischemia was associated with appreciable structural and metabolic abnormalities in the skeletal muscle fibers. These abnormalities were more demonstrable during recirculation after 9 and 12 hours of ischemia. No morphological criteria that might indicate whether the ischemic damage to the skeletal muscle is reversible or irreversible were defined. A comprehensive morphological study with an assay of structural and metabolic alterations is required instead. AUSavel'ev VS; Chekareva IA; Mishnev OD; Bogdanov OA TT[Morfologicheskaia kharakteristika izmenenii skeletnoi myshechnoi tkani konechnostei pri eksperimental'noi postishemicheskoi retsirkulatsii.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p351-5 MJExtremities; Ischemia; Muscles MNDogs; Muscles /PA /PH; Regeneration MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000955 TI[Appearance of clasmatosis in the normal and pathological liver] ABIt was established that clasmatosis of cytoplasmic fragments toward sinusoids occurred under normal physiological conditions (embryogenesis of chick liver, the liver of starved grass carp and silver carp) and pathological conditions (disturbance of rat hepato-intestinal circulation). The clasmosomes of rat and chick liver cells contained free ribosomes and small vesicles while those in the liver of starved fish consisted of glycogen. It was also shown that mitochondria with the signs of complete clasmatosis appeared in the hepatocyte cytoplasm immediately after the beginning of intensive bile secretion to the bile canaliculus (in liver cells of rat and chick embryo and in those of frogs after complete metamorphosis). Such mitochondria were partially disintegrated and were located near the bile canaliculi. It is assumed that clasmatosis of the fragments of the liver cell cytoplasm or mitochondria takes places where it is necessary to rapidly supply the body or cell with some products of metabolism or to remove something from the cell as is the case with erythroblasts, i. e. clasmatosis is one of the mechanisms of the adaptation of the cell and its organelles to changes in the environment. AUKalashnikova MM TT[Iavlenie klazmatoza v pecheni v norme i pri patologii.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p355-8 MJCytoplasm; Liver /UL MNCarp; Chick Embryo; Liver /EM /PA; Rana Temporaria; Rats; Starvation /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000956 TI[Changes in the ultrastructure of rat hepatocytes at different periods after hepatic ischemia] ABThe ultrastructure of rat hepatocytes was investigated at once at 30 min liver ischemia and at different periods after it. In 24 h of recirculation the processes of the recovery of hepatocyte ultrastructure dominated in the liver parenchyma, but even in 14 days of recirculation no complete reconstruction of hepatocyte ultrastructure was observed. AUSokirchenko IA; Shkurupii VA TT[Izmeneniia ul'trastruktury gepatotsitov krys v razlichnye periody posle ishemii pecheni.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p358-60 MJIschemia; Liver MNCell Nucleus /UL; Intracellular Membranes /UL; Liver /UL; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Ribosomes /UL MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RNEC 1.3.99.1 (Succinate Dehydrogenase); EC 1.6.99.3 (NADH Dehydrogenase) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000957 TI[Possible approach to evaluating the energy potential of mitochondria in morphological studies] ABBased on histoenzymatic, cytospectrophotometric, electron microscopy and stereometric studies of the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and mitochondrial areas the authors developed integral indicators of the mitochondrial energy potential. The indicators permit forming a more concrete and complete judgement about the structural and functional status of the mitochondria and cell on the whole as well as about the contribution to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis of individual substrates and components of redox processes, which widens the diagnostic and prognostic potentialities of the morphological and cytological assay. AUVasilenko VT TT[Vozmozhnyi podkhod k otsenke energeticheskoi moshchnosti mitokhondrii pri morfologicheskikh issledovaniiakh.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p361-2 MJMitochondria, Heart MNCold; Dogs; Energy Metabolism; Mitochondria, Heart /UL; NADH Dehydrogenase /ME; Succinate Dehydrogenase /ME MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000958 TI[Space-time sequence and mosaicism of neurogenesis in the CA1 field of the mouse hippocampus] ABPregnant CBA mice were given a single injection of 3H-thymidine (3H-T) (10 microCi/g) on days 11-19 of pregnancy. The mouse progeny was sacrificed on the first day of postnatal life. Brain was embedded into paraffin and durcupan. Radioautographs of paraffin and semithin sections were prepared and employed for mapping the site of intensely labeled neurons (ILN) in the CAI area of the hippocampus (H). ILN appeared in the CAI area after 3H-T injection, namely on embryonic day 12 (E 12). The ILN number reached a maximum after isotope injection on 2 14-15 and then dramatically fell down. The neurogenesis in the suprapyramidal layer of the CAI area slightly outstripped the neurogenesis in the pyramidal and infrapyramidal layers. At early times of the experiment the CAI area exhibited the predominance of single ILN, whereas at late times paired ILN prevailed. That fact might be linked with the replacement during the neurogenesis of asymmetric critical mitoses of the germinative neuronal precursors by symmetric critical mitoses. Analysis of the ILN distribution in the CAL area revealed mosaic clusters of ILN alternating with unlabeled or mildly labeled neurons. Those groups were most remarkable in mice injected with 3H-T on E 14 and E 15. The mosaicism of the neurogenesis in the H is regarded as the result of heterochronous neuronal production by local parts of the germinative zone, each of which builds up a separate radial segment of the H. AUNazarevskaia GD; Reznikov KIu TT[Prostranstvenno-vremennaia posledovatel'nost' i mozaichnost' neirogeneza v pole CA1 gippokampa u myshei.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p363-5 MJHippocampus; Mosaicism; Neurons MNMice, Inbred CBA; Mice; Pregnancy MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000959 TI[Reactivity of mononuclear phagocytes in the lungs and liver of rats exposed to low temperatures] ABA study was made of lung and liver mononuclear phagocytes of rats exposed to severe cold (-7 degrees C). The data indicate the depression of mononuclear phagocytes under short-term (2 h) exposure to cold followed by activation of phagocytes, which was more demonstrable in the lungs. The phase modifications in the activity of mononuclear phagocytes were associated with accumulation of lipid peroxidation products (LPP) and destruction of alveolocytes. The different accumulation of LPP in the test organs of animals exposed to cold is regarded by the authors as a possible reason for functional differences of lung and liver macrophages. AUTnimov MKh; Semeniuk AV; Nepomniashchikh GI; Voronina NP; Shishkina LN TT[Reaktivnost' mononuklearnykh fagotsitov legkikh i pecheni u krys pri deistvii nizkikh temperatur.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p365-7 MJCold; Liver; Lung; Monocytes; Phagocytes MNLipid Peroxides /ME; Liver /ME; Lung /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000960 TI[Experimental data on the mechanism of development of alcoholic cardiomyopathy] ABA study was made of histo- and ultrastructure and of some electron-histochemical characteristics of the myocardium and liver of alcoholic rats. Experimental animals manifested alterations in the myocardium which were similar to those seen in alcoholic cardiomyopathy in humans. In controls, such alterations were either lacking or occurred in rare cases. Rats which received ethanol showed fatty dystrophy of the liver. The experimental animals differed from controls in some morphometric parameters (body and heart weight, diameter of cardiomyocytes) as well. AUTsyplenkova VG; Vikhert AM; Stepantsov VV TT[Eksperimental'nye dannye o mekhanizme razvitiia alkogol'noi kardiomiopatii.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p367-70 MJCardiomyopathy, Alcoholic; Myocardium MNMicroscopy, Electron; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000961 TI[Experimental diarrhea in mice induced by oral infection with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli] ABIt has been shown in experiments on adult random-bred and BALB/c Sto mice that oral infection with human strain of E. coli N-10407 induces enterocolitis characterized by marked diarrheal syndrome but without lethal outcome. The action of the strain not colonizing the intestinal mucosa of mice may be accounted for by a weak cytopathic effect of the infecting microorganism and its toxin. The data obtained indicate that adult mice may serve as a convenient model for investigation of colibacillary diarrhea induced by enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli, BALB/c Sto mice being a more sensitive model than random-bred animals. AUAvtsyn AP; Parkhomenko IuG; Emel'ianenko IN TT[Eksperimental'naia diareia u myshei, vyzvannaia peroral'nym zarazheniem enterotoksigennym shtammom E. coli.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p371-3 MJDiarrhea; Escherichia Coli Infections MNMice, Inbred BALB C; Mice MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000962 TI[Hemobacterial agglutination--method of determining antierythrocyte antibodies] ABA technique of antierythrocyte antibody detection is described. It as based on co-agglutination of red blood cells and S. aureus cells. The method is unsophisticated and non-laborious. It provides massive agglutination, its sensitivity is one order of magnitude higher than that of the Coombs test. AUOlovnikov AM; Koifman MM ; Olovnikova NI TT[Gemobakterial'naia aggliutinatsiia--metod opredeleniia antieritrotsitarnykh antitel.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p373-5 MJAutoantibodies; Erythrocytes; Hemagglutination Tests MNAnemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune /IM; Staphylococcus aureus /IM MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000963 TI[Method for electrodiagnosis of the necrotic zone in skeletal muscles] ABA simple new method for determination of necrosis of the skeletal muscles is suggested. Stimulation of the muscle and the recording of the contraction is made via a needle electrode. The contraction is recorded as a characteristic drop of the muscle resistance to high-frequency current which per se does not cause any stimulation. The zone of necrosis does not demonstrate any characteristic changes in the resistance. The presence of necrosis in the areas under exploration was proved histologically. AUBabinkov VI; Abul'khanov AR; Iakovenko VN TT[Sposob elektrodiagnostiki zony nekroza skeletnykh myshts.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p375-6 MJElectrodiagnosis; Muscles MNNecrosis; Rabbits MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000964 TI[Masugi's nephritis: preparation of an active nephrotoxic serum] ABAn active nephrotoxic serum (NTS) was prepared by immunization of rabbits with isolated renal glomeruli of rats and Freund's complete adjuvant. The glomeruli were isolated from the renal cortex by the sieving procedure. Intravenous injection of the NTS to rats induced the development of marked proteinuria and the nephrotic syndrome. Histological and electron microscopic studies of renal tissue performed by days 5 and 15 since the first injection of the NTS revealed extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis. IgG depositions on the basal membranes of the glomerular capillaries were linear on day 5 and granular on day 15 since the first injection of the NTS. AUNikiforova NV; Perepechkina NP; Varshavskii VA ; Pal'tsev MA; Shaldaeva VV TT[Nefrit Masugi: poluchenie aktivnoi nefrotoksicheskoi syvorotki.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p377-80 MJGlomerulonephritis; Immune Sera MNMethods; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000965 TI[Immunoautoradiographic detection of viral antigens in infected cells] ABA simple and highly specific method for detection of virus antigens in infected cells is described. It involves the following stages: cell fixation by acetone, treatment by specific immune serum, and detection of the immune complex by 125I-protein of S. aureus followed by autoradiography. AUTarasishin LA; Zhovnovataia VL TT[Immunoautoradiograficheskoe vyiavlenie virusnykh antigenov v infitsirovannykh kletkakh.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p380-1 MJAntigens, Viral; Autoradiography; Cytological Technics MNAdenoviridae /IM; Hela Cells /MI MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 50-89-5 (Thymidine) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000966 TIRegulated proliferation of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells in long-term human marrow cultures. ABWe have examined the cycling status of various classes of erythroid and granulopoietic progenitor populations maintained for many weeks in standard normal long-term human marrow cultures. These were initiated with a single inoculum of marrow aspirate and were routinely fed by weekly removal of half of the nonadherent cells and replacement of half of the growth medium. Progenitors of large erythroid colonies (more than eight erythroblast clusters) present in the nonadherent fraction and progenitors of small granulocyte/macrophage colonies (fewer than 500 cells) present in both the nonadherent and adherent fractions were found to be actively cycling at all times examined (28% to 63% kill following a 20-minute exposure to 20 microCi/mL of high specific activity 3H-thymidine). In contrast, progenitors of large granulocyte/macrophage colonies (more than 500 cells) and progenitors of large erythroid colonies (more than eight erythroblast clusters), present in the adherent layer, consistently alternated between a quiescent state at the time of each weekly medium change and a proliferating state two to three days later (0% to 13% kill and 21% to 49% kill, respectively). Additional experiments revealed that the activation of primitive progenitors in the adherent layer was not dependent on the addition of fresh glutamine or hydrocortisone, nor on the physical manipulations involved in changing the growth medium. These studies provide the first direct evidence that normal long-term human marrow cultures support the continued turnover of a variety of early hematopoietic progenitor cell types. Further, they indicate that the proliferative activity of the most primitive of these progenitors is regulated by stage-specific cell-cell interactions that are subject to manipulation. AUCashman J; Eaves AC; Eaves CJ EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p1002-5 MJHematopoietic Stem Cells MNCell Adhesion; Cell Cycle; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Interphase; Thymidine /ME; Time Factors; Tritium /DU MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.7.- (DNA Nucleotidyltransferases); EC 2.7.7.31 (DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000967 TIDetection of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [letter] AUBarr RD; McCaffrey RP EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p1006-7 MJAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; T Lymphocytes MTHuman RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000968 TIApplication of molecular genetics to prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection in the hemophilias: some limitations. ABPrenatal diagnosis and carrier detection in the hemophilias have received much attention in recent years. The error rate in prenatal diagnosis by fetoscopy is less than 1%; fetoscopy is not possible, however, until the second trimester of pregnancy. Carrier detection based on bioassays of plasma has an irreducible error rate (approximately 5%?), because of the ╥lyonization╙ phenomenon in heterozygous women, and the final results are always probabilistic. New DNA methods promise to alleviate these difficulties. Prenatal diagnosis can be accomplished in the first trimester. ╥Lyonization╙ is bypassed in carrier detection, and the results may sometimes be essentially nonprobabilistic. But the DNA methods have certain limitations of their own which are not widely appreciated. Aside from cost and the necessity to adopt a new technology, there are inherent genetic problems: mothers must be heterozygous for both a disease gene and a marker gene, final results are probabilistic if the marker gene lies outside the disease gene, and multiple marker genes are often in linkage disequilibrium. We have concluded that a clinical unit planning to use the DNA methods must also maintain the conventional methods at a high level of performance. AUGraham JB; Green PP; McGraw RA; Davis LM EM8601 IDHL-06530; HL-07225 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p759-64 MJHemophilia; Heterozygote Detection MNChristmas Disease /FG; Crossing Over (Genetics); DNA Restriction Enzymes /ME; Genetics, Biochemical; Infant, Newborn; Mutation; Pedigree; Polymorphism (Genetics); Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Probability MTFemale; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.22.2 (Papain) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000969 TIBinding characteristics of anti-Rh0(D) antibodies to Rh0(D)-positive and Du red cells. ABThe relation of human erythrocyte Rh0(D) to Du sites is an important unresolved question in the field of immunohematology. To compare the immunological reactivity of Rh0(D)-positive and Du erythrocytes, the binding characteristics of two anti-Rh0(D) antisera to human Rh0(D)-positive and Du (╥low-grade╙) erythrocytes were studied. 14C-Protein A and direct antibody-labeled techniques were used to generate binding curves and to derive double-reciprocal plots. The results show that the number of antigen sites differ by a factor of 10 to 15 between the Rh0(D)-positive and Du red cells, but that the dissociation constants between anti-Rh0(D) and the Rh0(D) and Du antigens are indistinguishable when studied by the two labeling methods and two different anti-Rh0(D) antibodies. The extent of binding to 112 different Du samples showed a normal distribution and was independent of apparent phenotype. These data suggest immunologic identity of Rh0(D) and Du (╥low-grade╙) sites and that the difference between the antigens of Rh0(D) and Du cells is quantitative only. The data are incompatible with the ╥missing mosaic╙ and gene interaction theories of mechanism. AUCunningham NA; Zola AP; Hui HL; Taylor LM; Green FA EM8601 IDHL24009 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p765-8 MJErythrocytes; Isoantibodies; RH-HR Blood-Group System MNAntigen-Antibody Reactions; IgG /IM; Papain /PD; Phenotype; Staphylococcal Protein A /IM MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 24967-94-0 (Dermatan Sulfate); 9000-94-6 (Antithrombin III); 9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000970 TIHeparin cofactor II activity in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation and hepatic failure. ABHeparin cofactor II (HCII) is a glycoprotein in human plasma which inactivates thrombin rapidly in the presence of heparin or dermatan sulfate. We have developed a functional assay for HCII in which inhibition of thrombin by plasma is determined in the presence of dermatan sulfate. The assay is specific for HCII by the following criteria: (a) under the conditions of the assay, 125I-thrombin forms complexes in plasma which comigrate with the thrombin-HCII complex during sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE); (b) activity detected by the assay is decreased in plasma absorbed with monospecific antibodies against HCII; and (c) purified antithrombin III (ATIII) is unreactive in the assay system. Addition of Polybrene to the assay permits determination of HCII activity in samples containing less than or equal to 12 U/mL of heparin. The range of HCII concentrations in normal individuals is 1.2 +/- 0.4 mumol/L (mean +/- 2 SD, n = 34). HCII activity was determined in 54 consecutive patients undergoing evaluation for the possibility of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Ten of the 11 patients with documented DIC had decreased HCII activity as compared with only 7 of the 43 patients without DIC (chi 2 = 19.3, P less than .0001). The concentrations of HCII and ATIII varied in parallel in most of the patients tested. A significant correlation between decreased HCII activity and decreased serum albumin concentration was also observed in these patients and in eight additional patients with hepatic failure in the absence of DIC. We conclude that HCII activity is decreased in many patients with DIC and hepatic failure. AUTollefsen DM; Pestka CA EM8601 IDHL-27589; HL-01079 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p769-74 MJAntithrombin III; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation /ME; Liver Diseases MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Dermatan Sulfate /PD; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation /DT; Heparin /TU; Middle Age; Thrombin /AI MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9007-74-3 (Fetal Hemoglobin); 9008-00-8 (Hemoglobin C) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000971 TILigand state of intraerythrocytic circulating HbC crystals in homozygote CC patients. ABWhole blood and Stractan-Percoll fractions of blood from splenectomized patients with homozygous hemoglobin C (CC) disease were studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Erythrocytes containing typical CC crystals are found in the densest fraction as documented by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. We report that the intraerythrocytic Hb C circulating crystals are in the oxygenated liganded state as demonstrated by melting upon deoxygenation and by absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, crystals are more likely to form in cells with low concentration of Hb F. Changes of ligand state (which results in melting of the intraerythrocytic crystal) might be involved in the pathophysiology of this disease, removing the danger of vasoocclusive episodes. AUHirsch RE; Raventos-Suarez C; Olson JA; Nagel RL EM8601 IDHL-21016 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p775-7 MJHemoglobin C Disease /FG; Hemoglobin C MNCrystallization; Erythrocytes /ME /UL; Fetal Hemoglobin /AN; Freeze Fracturing; Hemoglobin C Disease /BL; Homozygote; Osmotic Pressure MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.1.1.27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000972 TISerum lactic dehydrogenase level has prognostic value in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ABSerum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured at diagnosis in 293 children with ╥standard-risk╙ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to determine the prognostic value of this biologic feature. Standard risk assignment was based on an initial leukocyte count of less than 100 X 10(9)/L, the absence of a mediastinal mass, the absence of meningeal involvement, and the presence of lymphoblasts lacking sheep erythrocyte receptors or surface immunoglobulin. Serum LDH levels ranged from 97 to 6,595 U/L, with a mean of 547 U/L. Higher LDH levels were associated with higher leukocyte counts, lower blast cell DNA indices, lower platelet counts, a larger spleen size, and nonwhite race. LDH levels were not related to the percentage of marrow S-phase cells, liver size, French-American-British (FAB) classification, hemoglobin levels, age, sex, or the presence of the common ALL antigen on marrow blasts. Patients with the highest LDH levels (greater than 1,000 U/L) were most likely to fail treatment, whereas those with the lowest levels (less than 300 U/L) had the lowest risk of failure (P less than .0001). The prognostic significance of serum LDH level was retained in a subset of patients that included only those with leukocyte counts less than 25 X 10(9)/L (P = .0018). When 11 presenting characteristics were subjected to multivariate analysis, serum LDH level was found to have independent prognostic strength, contributing clinically important information to that gained from leukocyte count. Early measurement of serum LDH could be useful in identifying a group of standard-risk ALL patients with a high relapse hazard. AUPui CH; Dodge RK; Dahl GV; Rivera G; Look AT; Kalwinsky D; Bowman WP; Ochs J; Abromowitch M; Mirro J; et al EM8601 IDCA-20180; CA-21765 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p778-82 MJEnzyme Tests; Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic MNAnalysis of Variance; Child, Preschool; Child; Leukocyte Count; Liver /PA; Lymphoma /DI; Organ Weight; Platelet Count; Prognosis; Spleen /PA MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes); 9007-49-2 (DNA); 9007-74-3 (Fetal Hemoglobin) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000973 TIDNA sequence variation associated with elevated fetal G gamma globin production. ABThe percentage of G gamma chains in the Hb F of SS patients and beta-thalassemia heterozygotes is generally 40%, but some have 60% to 70% G gamma. To test the hypothesis that DNA sequence variation 158 base pairs 5' of the G gamma gene is associated with this variation in G gamma values, DNA was analyzed using the restriction endonuclease Xmn I (gamma IVS-II probe). Xmn I recognizes the sequence from -157 to -166 only if T is at position -158. Individuals from five families had T at -158 for G gamma genes in both chromosomes, and the mean G gamma value was 69.7% +/- 4.6% (SD). For 13 families, individuals with T at -158 for the G gamma gene of one chromosome had a G gamma value of 60.6% +/- 5.7%. With one exception, lack of T at -158 was associated with low G gamma values (39.6% +/- 4.0%). In low Hb F G gamma-beta+-HPFH, the Xmn I site was seen 5' to both G gamma and A gamma genes, which suggests that T at -158 is associated with elevated Hb F; Pst I digestion showed that the A gamma gene T producer G gamma globin, which accounts for high levels of G gamma (87-88%). Calculations show that T at -158 is associated with a three- to 11-fold increase in production per G gamma gene, which is an order of magnitude less than that associated with the previously identified -202 C----G substitution of high Hb F G gamma-beta+-HPFH. AUGilman JG; Huisman TH EM8601 IDHLB-05168; HLB-15158 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p783-7 MJDNA; Fetal Hemoglobin; Immunoglobulins, Gamma Chain; Immunoglobulins, Heavy Chain MNAnemia, Sickle Cell /FG; Base Sequence; Chromosome Mapping; DNA Restriction Enzymes /GE; Genotype; Pedigree; Variation (Genetics) MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN16679-58-6 (Desmopressin) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000975 TIHeterogeneity of type I von Willebrand disease: evidence for a subgroup with an abnormal von Willebrand factor. ABType I von Willebrand disease (vWD) is characterized by equally low plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) and ristocetin cofactor (RiCof) and by the presence of all vWF multimers in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-agarose gel electrophoresis. For 17 patients (13 kindreds) diagnosed with these criteria, we have studied the platelet contents of vWF:Ag and RiCof and the changes of these in plasma after DDAVP infusion. Platelet vWF:Ag and RiCof were normal in four kindreds (called ╥platelet normal╙ subgroup); following 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin; plasma vWF:Ag, RiCof and the bleeding time (BT) became normal. In six kindreds, platelet vWF:Ag and RiCof were equally low (platelet low); after DDAVP, plasma vWF:Ag and RiCof remained low, and the BT was prolonged. In three additional kindreds, platelets contained normal concentrations of vWF:Ag, but RiCof was very low (platelet discordant); even though a complete set of multimers was found in plasma and platelets, there was a relatively small amount of large multimers. After DDAVP, plasma vWF:Ag became normal, but RiCof remained low and the BT was very prolonged. These findings demonstrated that there can be an abnormal vWF (RiCof less than vWF:Ag) even in type I vWD, coexisting with a complete set of vWF multimers (platelet discordant); that the abnormal vWF can be shown more clearly in platelets than in plasma or else in plasma after DDAVP infusion; and that DDAVP normalizes the BT only in those patients with normal platelet levels of both vWF:Ag and RiCof (platelet normal). AUMannucci PM; Lombardi R; Bader R; Vianello L; Federici AB; Solinas S; Mazzucconi MG; Mariani G EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p796-802 MJVon Willebrand's Disease MNAutoradiography; Blood Platelets /CL; Densitometry; Desmopressin /PD; Phenotype; Radioimmunoassay; Von Willebrand Factor /AN MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes); 9007-74-3 (Fetal Hemoglobin) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000976 TIFetal hemoglobin variants identified in adults through restriction endonuclease gene mapping methodology. ABIt has been found possible to detect the presence of some gamma chain abnormal fetal hemoglobins in adults through analysis of genomic DNA with selected restriction endonucleases. These variants are Hb F-Hull (A gamma 121Glu----Lys) which was observed in eight adult members of five families, Hb F-Pendergrass (A gamma 36Pro----Arg) in five adult members of one family, and Hb F-Port Royal (G gamma 125Glu----Ala) in 32 adult members of 17 families. The analyses were extended to include haplotyping, which involved 12 different restriction sites. The Hb F-Port Royal anomaly was only present on a chromosome with two G gamma genes (the 5'-G gamma-G gamma-3' globin gene arrangement) which may have arisen through gene conversion or point mutations. It appears likely that the mutation resulting in the 125Glu----Ala substitution occurred once on a 5'-G gamma-G gamma-3' chromosome, while additional base substitutions, gene conversions, and/or cross-over events are responsible for the association of the F-Port Royal anomaly with different chromosomes, as characterized by different haplotypes. AUNakatsuji T; Burnley MS; Huisman TH EM8601 IDHLB-05168; HLB-15158 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p803-7 MJDNA Restriction Enzymes; Fetal Hemoglobin MNChromosome Mapping; Heterozygote; Infant, Newborn; Pedigree; Polymorphism (Genetics); Variation (Genetics) MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN151-21-3 (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000977 TIHuman platelet fibrinogen: purification and hemostatic properties. ABConditions were developed in which 80% to 90% of platelet fibrinogen could be routinely purified in nondegraded form from the fluid phase of platelet suspensions stimulated with the calcium ionophore, A23187, in the presence of calcium, leupeptin, and prostaglandin E1. Fibrinogen was separated from other released proteins by chromatography on diethylaminoethanol (DEAE)-cellulose using a continuous pH and ionic strength gradient. Purified platelet fibrinogen, greater than 98% homogeneous by immunoelectrophoresis and sodium-dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), consisted of intact A alpha, B beta and gamma A chains, but not gamma' chains, and was 95% to 96% clottable. Platelet fibrinogen was shown to compete for the binding of radiolabeled plasma fibrinogen to ADP-activated platelets in a manner identical to that of unlabeled plasma fibrinogen itself. Also, at equivalent protein concentrations, platelet and plasma fibrinogens supported platelet aggregation to an equivalent extent. Based upon these results, we conclude that there is no significant difference between platelet and plasma fibrinogen with respect to their size, their clottability, their affinity for the activated platelet fibrinogen receptor, or their capacity to support subsequent platelet aggregation. AUKunicki TJ; Newman PJ; Amrani DL; Mosesson MW EM8601 IDHL-32279; HL-28444 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p808-15 MJBlood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Fibrinogen; Hemostasis MNAdenosine Diphosphate /PD; Binding, Competitive; Blood Proteins /SE; Cytoplasmic Granules; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Platelet Aggregation /DE; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate /DU MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4. (Peptide Hydrolases) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000978 TIIdentification and characterization of an endothelial, cell-specific antigen with a monoclonal antibody. ABThe purpose of these studies was to use monoclonal antibodies to identify and characterize plasma membrane components unique to the vascular endothelium. Our assumption is that such components may perform some of the specialized functions of the endothelium and, by their identification with antibody probes, we may be able to study further their function and structure. Thus, primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelium were used to immunize mice whose spleen cells were fused with the mouse myeloma cell NS-1. HEC-1 is a monoclonal antibody derived from such a fusion that appears to react with an antigen located only on endothelial cells. The antigen has been characterized by immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a glycoprotein with a mol wt of 180,000 daltons under nonreducing conditions and 90,000 daltons under reducing conditions. Despite a close resemblance to a membrane component shown by others to be a receptor for transferrin, several lines of evidence reported in this paper indicate that this is not the function of the HEC-1 antigen. These data show that monoclonal antibodies can be used to identify and characterize membrane components of the vascular endothelium. Moreover, these probes can be used to inquire about the structure and function of the antigen with which they react. AUParks WM; Gingrich RD; Dahle CE; Hoak JC EM8601 IDHL-14320; HL-27561; T32 HL-07344 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p816-23 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens; Endothelium MNAntigenic Determinants; Cell Communication; Cell Fusion; Cells, Cultured; Fibroblasts /IM; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /IM; Peptide Hydrolases /ME; Umbilical Veins MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (complement 3d receptor) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000979 TIMonoclonal antibodies to the 140,000 mol wt glycoprotein of B lymphocyte membranes (CR2 receptor) initiates proliferation of B cells in vitro. ABSeveral mouse monoclonal IgG antibodies (AB1, AB2, AB3, and AB5) were developed that reacted with a 140,000 mol wt glycoprotein on the surface of cultured RAJI B lymphoid cells. The antibodies reacted with purified normal human peripheral blood B cells and CLL Ig+ B cells and showed specific germinal center and mantle zone staining in tissue sections of secondary lymphoid organs. Immunodepletion studies using 125I surface-labeled Raji cell membrane antigens demonstrated that the antigen identified by AB5 is the same 140,000 mol wt glycoprotein detected by anti-B2 that has recently been shown to react with the C3d fragment or CR2 receptor. (Iida et al: J Exp Med 158:1021, 1983). Addition of the AB series and anti-B2 monoclonal antibodies to cultures of purified human peripheral blood B cells resulted in the uptake of 3H-thymidine at two to six times background control levels provided that irradiated autologous T cells were added to the culture. Stimulation was not evoked by other monoclonal antibodies to B cell surface molecules (ie, B1, BA-1, BA-2, and HLA-DR). Pepsin-generated F(ab')2 fragments of anti-CR2 antibodies were essentially as effective as the intact IgG molecule in stimulating B cells. Induction of B cell proliferation by antibody binding to CR2 suggests that the C3d receptor may have an integral role in regulation of humoral immune response. AUWilson BS; Platt JL; Kay NE EM8601 ID1K04CA 00845-02; AL 10704; AM 22518; + SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p824-9 MJAntigens, Surface; B Lymphocytes; Glycoproteins; Receptors, Complement MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /PD; Cell Membrane /IM; Lymphocyte Transformation /DE; Mice /IM; Molecular Weight MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (ara-C protein); 66-81-9 (Cycloheximide) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000980 TIDifferential protection of normal and malignant human myeloid progenitors (CFU-GM) from Ara-C toxicity using cycloheximide. ABCycloheximide, a reversible protein synthesis inhibitor, is thought to block DNA replication in normal cells by preventing synthesis of a labile protein. In animal systems, cycloheximide protects normal cells from cytotoxic S-phase specific agents, such as cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). Malignant cells appear not to be susceptible to cycloheximide-induced cycle arrest and, subsequently, may not be protected from Ara-C cytotoxicity. The effect of cycloheximide on granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) after in vitro Ara-C exposure was examined using normal human bone marrow, malignant progenitors from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and clonogenic cells from the human acute nonlymphocytic leukemia cell lines HL-60 and KG-1. Mononuclear or clonogenic cells were incubated for one hour with cycloheximide, followed by the addition, for three or 17 hours, of Ara-C before being plated in a methylcellulose culture system. CFU-GM survival was significantly increase if normal cells were treated with cycloheximide before Ara-C exposure. Similar cycloheximide pretreatment of CML progenitors and clonogenic HL-60 and KG-1 cells failed to protect CFU-GM from Ara-C-induced cytotoxicity. AUSlapak CA; Fine RL; Richman CM EM8601 IDCA 27476 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p830-4 MJCycloheximide; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Tumor Stem Cells MNBone Marrow /CY; Cell Line; Cell Survival /DE; Granulocytes /DE; Leukemia, Myeloblastic /BL; Leukemia, Myelocytic /BL; Monocytes /DE; Repressor Proteins /TO; Time Factors MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.- (Plasminogen Activator, Tissue-Type); 58-82-2 (Bradykinin) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000981 TITissue plasminogen activator release in vivo in response to vasoactive agents. ABRelease of tissue plasminogen activator into the circulation of rats in response to intravascular injections of vasoactive agents is studied by using a sensitive and specific clot lysis assay. Intra-arterial bradykinin elicits a rapid and transient rise in circulating plasminogen activator, which is maximum within one minute and is cleared within four to eight minutes. The plasminogen activator is fibrin dependent and is neutralized by an antiserum to human tissue-type plasminogen activator. Bradykinin is 1,000-fold more potent than the other agonists tested, which include histamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, eledoisin-related peptide, arginine-vasopressin, lysine-vasopressin, desmopressin acetate, carbachol, and acetylcholine. Potency of bradykinin is related to its amino acid sequence. Sequential infusions of bradykinin produce a tachyphylactoid response that could be overcome by increasing the dose of the sequential bradykinin challenge. It is concluded that the characteristics of the responses to bradykinin and other agents in vivo differ significantly from those observed in isolated tissue preparations. AUSmith D; Gilbert M; Owen WG EM8601 IDHL 31223; HL07344-07 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p835-9 MJCardiovascular Agents; Plasminogen Activator, Tissue-Type MNBradykinin /PD; Fibrinolysis; Kinins /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tachyphylaxis MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000983 TIThe expression of the Hodgkin's disease associated antigen Ki-1 in reactive and neoplastic lymphoid tissue: evidence that Reed-Sternberg cells and histiocytic malignancies are derived from activated lymphoid cells. ABKi-1 is a monoclonal antibody (raised against a Hodgkin's disease-derived cell line) that, in biopsy tissue affected by Hodgkin's disease, reacts selectively with Reed-Sternberg cells. The expression of Ki-1 antigen has been analyzed by immunocytochemical techniques in a wide range of human tissue and cell samples, including fetal tissue, malignant lymphomas (290 cases), and mitogen- and virus-transformed peripheral blood lymphocytes. The antigen was detectable on a variable proportion of cells in all cases of lymphomatoid papulosis and angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and in 28% of the cases of peripheral T cell lymphomas (including lympho-epithelioid lymphomas). It was also expressed (more strongly) on tumor cells in 45 cases of diffuse large-cell lymphoma, most of which had originally been diagnosed as malignant histiocytosis or anaplastic carcinoma, because of their bizarre morphology. However, all of these cases lacked macrophage and epithelial antigens. Thirty-five cases expressed T cell-related antigens (associated in nine cases with the coexpression of B cell-related antigens), seven bore B cell-related antigens alone, and three were devoid of T and B cell markers. DNA hybridization with a JH specific probe showed a germline configuration in 11 cases of T cell phenotype, in two cases lacking T and B cell antigens, and in one case of mixed T/B phenotype, while rearrangement was found in two cases of clear B cell type and in one mixed T/B case. Expression of the Ki-1 antigen could be induced, together with interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor, on normal lymphoid cells of both T and B cell type by exposure to phytohemagglutinin, human T leukemia viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, or Staphylococcus aureus. The results obtained indicate that Ki-1 antigen is an inducible lymphoid-associated molecule that identifies a group of hitherto poorly characterized normal and neoplastic large lymphoid cells. Tumors comprised solely of these cells show both morphological and immunological similarities to the neoplastic cells in Hodgkin's disease. This suggests that both disorders represent the neoplastic proliferation of activated lymphoid cells of either T cell or, less commonly, B cell origin. Disorders in which only a minority of cells express Ki-1 antigen (lymphomatoid papulosis, angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy, and certain T cell lymphomas) probably represent lesions in which only some of the abnormal cells have transformed into an ╥activation state.╙ In direct support of this view is the finding that the Ki-1 expression in these lesions is accompanied by the expression of HLA-DR and IL 2 receptors. AUStein H; Mason DY; Gerdes J; O'Connor N; Wainscoat J; Pallesen G; Gatter K; Falini B; Delsol G; Lemke H; et al EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p848-58 MJAntigens, Neoplasm; Hodgkin's Disease; Lymphocytes; Reticuloendothelial System MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal /IM; B Lymphocytes /IM; Cell Transformation, Viral; Child; Gene Expression Regulation; Histiocytes /IM; Lymphoma /CL; Middle Age; Spleen /CY; T Lymphocytes /IM; Tumor Stem Cells /IM MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (hematopoietic cell growth factor); 50-89-5 (Thymidine) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000984 TIStimulation of bone marrow-derived and peritoneal macrophages by a T lymphocyte-derived hemopoietic growth factor, persisting cell-stimulating factor. ABSeveral lines of evidence indicated that P cell-stimulating factor (PSF), a T lymphocyte-derived lymphokine known to stimulate the growth of hemopoietic stem and progenitor cells, also acted on macrophages. PSF was absorbed from medium that had been mixed for two hours at 0 degrees C with either resident or thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal cells, suggesting the presence of receptors for PSF on cells in the population. The addition of pure PSF to populations highly enriched in either resident or elicited adherent peritoneal macrophages resulted in stimulation of macrophages with morphological changes, including increases in size, spreading, vacuolation, and the number of cytoplasmic processes, together with stimulation of proliferation and the phagocytosis of opsonized yeast. PSF also stimulated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine by bone marrow-derived adherent macrophages. Addition of pure PSF to cultures that contained only a single macrophage resulted in enhanced survival and proliferation of these isolated cells, demonstrating that the effect of PSF on macrophages was direct. These results indicate that PSF can stimulate well-differentiated functional macrophages and raise the possibility that the effects of PSF on macrophages may play a regulatory role in immune responses. AUCrapper RM; Vairo G; Hamilton JA; Clark-Lewis I; Schrader JW EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p859-65 MJGrowth Substances; Macrophages; T Lymphocytes MNBone Marrow /CY; Escherichia Coli /IM; Lipopolysaccharides /IM; Macrophage Activation /DE; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice; Peritoneal Cavity /CY; Phagocytosis /DE; Thymidine /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN6734-33-4 (methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside); 90-33-5 (Hymecromone) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000985 TIAltered glycosaminoglycan production by HL-60 cells treated with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside. ABGlycosaminoglycans, mainly chondroitin 4-sulfate, are located in the primary granules of human myeloid cells. These polyanionic carbohydrates are believed to play an important role in leukocyte maturation and function. To study the effect of altered chondroitin sulfate metabolism on human promyelocytic leukemia cells, we have treated HL-60 cells with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside. beta-D-Xylosides initiate the synthesis of free chondroitin sulfate chains. Cytochemical studies of treated cells demonstrated a marked increase in cytoplasmic granules stained with cationic dyes. This was confirmed by radiolabeled precursor incorporation studies that demonstrated a 344% increase in 35S-sulfate uptake into glycosaminoglycans associated with the cells and a 39% increase in incorporation into glycosaminoglycans released into the media. Chromatographic analyses of these glycosaminoglycans from treated cells demonstrated that the newly formed chondroitin sulfate chains were not attached to protein core and were of shorter length, but of greater charge density than chondroitin sulfate produced by control cells. Thus, beta-D-xyloside appears to alter the protein linkage, chain length, and sulfation of chondroitin sulfate produced by HL-60 cells, and these changes are morphologically evident. These biochemically altered cells may provide important information concerning the role of these macromolecules in myeloid development. AULuikart SD; Sackrison JL; Thomas CV EM8601 IDCA-38972 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p866-72 MJGlycosaminoglycans; Hymecromone /PD; Tumor Stem Cells; Umbelliferones MNCell Division /DE; Cells, Cultured; Cytoplasmic Granules /DE; Hymecromone /AA; Leukemia, Myeloblastic /ME /PA; Sulfates /ME; Sulfur Radioisotopes /DU; Tumor Stem Cells /ME MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.2.1.18 (Neuraminidase); EC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); EC 3.4.22.2 (Papain); 0 (differentiation antigens, T lymphocyte) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000986 TIA novel leukocyte differentiation antigen: two monoclonal antibodies TM2 and TM3 define a 120-kd molecule present on neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, and activated lymphoblasts. ABWe produced two hybridomas by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with splenocytes from a mouse immunized with the THP-1 human monocytoid leukemia cell line. Two cloned hybridoma cell lines, designated as TM2 and TM3, were obtained. They secreted antibodies against a unique cell surface antigen expressed on all normal peripheral blood monocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, platelets, and mitogen-induced lymphoblasts, some cells from patients with immature-type lymphoid leukemias. However, the antibodies reacted neither with large numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes nor with red cells. Cross-blocking studies showed that these monoclonal antibodies recognized the same or a nearly positioned antigen epitope. Immunoprecipitation of THP-1 cell extract with TM2 or TM3 under reducing and nonreducing conditions yielded a specific band of mol wt equal to 120,000 daltons. This determinant appeared to be involved in granulocyte chemotaxis, since neutrophilic granulocytes exposed to TM2 or TM3 showed a significant decrease in chemotaxis toward endotoxin-activated serum. These two monoclonal antibodies did not affect O2- release or luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of neutrophils. Moreover, they did not alter platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. TM2 and TM3 will provide a new reagent in defining the linkage between lymphoid and myeloid differentiation and intermyeloid development. AUOhto H; Maeda H; Shibata Y; Chen RF; Ozaki Y; Higashihara M; Takeuchi A; Tohyama H EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p873-81 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Antigenic Determinants; Antigens, Surface; Blood Platelets; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; Neutrophils MNAcute Disease; Antibodies, Monoclonal /ME; Antigens, Surface /IM; Chemotaxis; Hematopoietic Stem Cells /GD; Leukemia /IM; Luminescence; Lymphocyte Transformation; Membrane Proteins /IM; Mice; Neuraminidase /ME; Papain /PD; Tissue Distribution; Trypsin /PD MTAnimal; Human; Male RN0 (complement 3 receptor); 151-21-3 (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000987 TICharacterization of patients with an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections and a genetic deficiency of leukocyte membrane complement receptor type 3 and the related membrane antigen LFA-1. ABThree children from two unrelated families had a history of recurrent bacterial infections, and their neutrophils were shown to have deficient phagocytic and respiratory responses and possible deficiencies in chemotaxis or adherence. Their neutrophils were strikingly deficient in the ability to ingest or give a respiratory burst in response to unopsonized bakers' yeast or zymosan (Z). Tests for neutrophil and monocyte CR1 (C3b/iC3b receptor) and CR3 (iC3b receptor) demonstrated rosettes with both EC3b and EC3bi. However, EC3bi were bound only to CR1, and not to CR3, because EC3bi rosettes were inhibited completely by anti-CR1. Neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells also did not fluorescence stain with monoclonal antibodies specific for the alpha-chain of CR3 (anti-Mac-1, anti-Mol, OKM1, and MN-41). Quantitation of C receptors with 125I monoclonal anti-CR1 and anti-CR3 indicated that neutrophils from each patient expressed normal amounts of CR1 per cell but less than 10% of the normal amount of CR3. Examination of neutrophils by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that a normal glycoprotein of approximately 165,000 daltons was missing. Immunoblotting of these gels indicated that the missing band was the alpha-chain of CR3. Subsequent analysis of all three patients' cells also demonstrated a deficiency of LFA-1 alpha-chain and the common beta-chain that is shared by the CR3/LFA-1/p150,95 membrane antigen family. The deficiency of LFA-1 probably explained the absent NK cell function, as normal NK cell activity is inhibited by anti-LFA-1 but not by anti-CR3. The reduced phagocytic and respiratory responses to Z were probably due to CR3 deficiency, because treatment of normal neutrophils with anti-CR3, but not anti-FLA-1, inhibits responses to Z by 80% to 90%. Ingestion of Staphylococcus epidermidis by normal neutrophils was shown to be partially inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to the alpha-chain of either CR3 or LFA-1, and monoclonal antibody to the common beta-chain inhibited ingestion by 75%. Thus, both CR3 and LFA-1 may have previously unrecognized functions as phagocyte receptors for bacteria. The absence of this type of nonimmune recognition of bacteria by these children's neutrophils may be one of the reasons for their increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. AURoss GD; Thompson RA; Walport MJ; Springer TA; Watson JV; Ward RH; Lida J; Newman SL; Harrison RA; Lachmann PJ EM8601 IDCA-25613 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p882-90 MJBacterial Infections; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes MNAntigens, Surface /GE; Child; Disease Susceptibility; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes /FG; Killer Cells, Natural /IM; Leukocytes /IM; Lymphocytes /IM; Monocytes /IM; Neutrophils /IM; Phagocytosis; Receptors, Complement /GE; Rosette Formation; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate /DU; Staphylococcus aureus /IM; Staphylococcus epidermidis /IM; Yeasts /IM MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase); 57-47-6 (Physostigmine) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000988 TIAcetylcholinesterase in human thymus cells. ABAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) was long thought to be an enzyme found specifically at the sites of nerve synapses and neuromuscular junctions. It has also been found to occur, however, in cells that are not involved with neurotransmission. This study presents the ultrastructural localization of AChE activity in human thymus cells, using the indirect thiocholine method. Cytochemical demonstration of the enzyme was based on the coupling of acetylthiocholine iodide hydrolysis to the precipitation of heavy metal salts. AChE activity was selectively revealed in the perinuclear cisternae, within the endoplasmic reticulum, and in the Golgi complex of thymic lymphocytes and epithelial cells. Evidence of the presence of reaction product in the latter cells was also found in vesicles that opened into the extracellular space. This is the first demonstration of AChE in human thymus cells. Its possible physiologic role in the thymus gland is discussed. AUTopilko A; Caillou B EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p891-5 MJAcetylcholinesterase; Thymus Gland MNAdult; Endoplasmic Reticulum /EN; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epithelium /EN; Extracellular Space /EN; Golgi Apparatus /EN; Infant; Physostigmine /PD MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000989 TIImmunologic and virologic status of multitransfused patients: role of type and origin of blood products. By the AIDS-Hemophilia French Study Group. ABAn immunologic and virologic work-up was undertaken in 425 symptom-free multitransfused patients with hemophilias or hemoglobinopathies living in France. Patients were entered into five groups according to the type of blood product they received: local factor VIII, a mixture of local and imported factor VIII, imported factor IX, local factor IX, washed red blood cells. The overall prevalence of IgG antibodies to the lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) was 45%. The highest rate was observed in hemophiliacs who received factor VIII concentrates prepared from plasma collected mainly on the American continent; intermediary values were found for hemophilic patients treated with local factor VIII or factor IX concentrates; and the lowest values were found for those who were treated with washed red blood cells. Lymphadenopathy, decreased skin hypersensitivity reactions, relative lymphopenia, and altered ratio of T lymphocyte subsets occurred at significantly higher rates in patients positive for LAV antibody, although such abnormalities were also encountered in LAV serologically negative patients. A correlation between treatment intensity and immunologic disturbances was found in patients infused with factor VIII preparations, irrespective of their positive or negative LAV antibody status. This study has shown the prominent role of LAV in the occurrence of immunologic disturbances in multitransfused patients. However, allogenic or altered proteins present in factor VIII but not in factor IX concentrates seem to play a role of immunocompromising agents. The interplay between LAV and additional factors possibly leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome remains to be analyzed. EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p896-901 MJBlood Transfusion MNAdeno-Associated Viruses /IM; Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Sickle Cell /TH; Antibodies, Viral /AN; Antigens, Viral /AN; Child, Preschool; Child; Cytomegaloviruses /IM; Epstein-Barr Virus /IM; Factor VIII /TU; Hemophilia /TH; Hepatitis B Virus /IM; Hypersensitivity, Delayed /IM; IgG /AN; Infant; Middle Age; Thalassemia /TH MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.1.1.49 (Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000990 TIEvidence for clonal development of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ABTo determine whether acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a clonal disease and to define the pattern of differentiation shown by the involved progenitor cells, we studied the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) types in the cells of 19 girls heterozygous for this X chromosome-linked enzyme. Lymphoblast immunophenotypes were those of HLA-DR+, CALLA+ ALL (six patients); HLA-DR+, CALLA- ALL (four patients); pre-B cell ALL (two patients); T cell ALL (four patients); and undefined ALL (three patients). Malignant blast cells at diagnosis from ten patients displayed a single G6PD type, indicative of clonal disease. In contrast, both A and B G6PD in ratios similar to those found in skin were observed in morphologically normal blood cells from the same patients. The leukemic cells of three patients were examined at both diagnosis and relapse; in each instance the same G6PD type was found, consistent with regrowth of the original leukemic clone at relapse. Results of studies of cells from nine additional patients tested only at relapse were similar. Our results indicate that childhood ALL is a clonally derived disease involving progenitor cells with differentiation expression detected only in the lymphoid lineage. AUDow LW; Martin P; Moohr J; Greenberg M; Macdougall LG; Najfeld V; Fialkow PJ EM8601 IDCA-20180; CA-27165; CA-16448; + SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p902-7 MJLeukemia, Lymphoblastic; Tumor Stem Cells MNAdolescence; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Blood Cell Count; Blood Cells /EN; Child, Preschool; Child; Clone Cells; Flow Cytometry; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase /BL /GE; Skin /EN MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN12125-02-9 (Ammonium Chloride); 9009-86-3 (Ricin) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000991 TIA ricin A chain-containing immunotoxin that kills human T lymphocytes in vitro. ABAn immunotoxin specific for human T lymphocytes was prepared by coupling an IgG2a anti-CD3 murine monoclonal antibody (64.1) to purified ricin A chain (64.1-A). Treatment of blood mononuclear cells with this immunotoxin at a concentration of 1.7 X 10(-9) mol/L for two hours at 37 degrees C in the presence of 20 mmol/L NH4Cl decreased phytohemagglutinin-stimulated protein synthesis by 95%. In addition, a sensitive culture assay showed that fewer than 0.03% T cells remained after treatment of human bone marrow mononuclear cells with 64.1-A at a concentration of 1.7 X 10(-9) mol/L. The inhibition of protein synthesis could be prevented by preincubating cells with unconjugated 64.1 antibody but not by preincubating cells with a control IgG2a antibody that binds to a different T cell antigen (CD5). At concentrations up to 1 X 10(-8) mol/L, 64.1-A had little effect on blood mononuclear cells from baboons or human myeloid precursors (CFU-GM), which do not express the CD3 antigen recognized by 64.1. Taken together, these results indicate that the toxicity of 64.1-A was specific and that 64.1-A may be a useful reagent for depleting T cells from donor marrow as a means of preventing acute graft-v-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. AUMartin PJ; Hansen JA; Vitetta ES EM8601 IDCA-29548; CA-30924; CA-18029; + SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p908-12 MJCytotoxicity, Immunologic; Immunoglobulins, Alpha Chain; Immunoglobulins, Heavy Chain; Ricin; T Lymphocytes MNAmmonium Chloride /PD; Antibodies, Monoclonal /IM; Cells, Cultured; Lymphocyte Transformation /DE; Phytohemagglutinins /PD MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.- (Plasminogen Activator, Tissue-Type); 9001-31-4 (Fibrin) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000992 TIProduction of monoclonal antibodies to the high fibrin-affinity, tissue-type plasminogen activator of human plasma. Demonstration of its endothelial origin by immunolocalization. ABMonoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to vascular plasminogen activator (vPA), the tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in human plasma, were produced to be used as probes for immunochemical analysis. Human tissue sections and one of these MAbs were used to demonstrate the endothelial origin of plasma-tPA by immunohistochemistry. To produce MAbs, mice were immunized with semipurified vPA isolated from postocclusion human venous blood. Primed spleen cells were fused with the mouse myeloma cell line NS-1. Screening for MAb-producing hybridomas was performed with postocclusion euglobulins as a source of antigen by means of a solid-phase fibrin-vPA immunoassay. The selective and high-affinity binding of vPA for fibrin ensures the specificity and sensitivity of this test. Thus, eight hybridomas secreting MAbs to vPA were selected, cloned, and established as permanent hybridoma cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis of cryostat sections of human tissues was performed with EA-delta 12D, a MAb having no inhibitory effect against vPA activity but binding to vPA with a high affinity. Thus, the only structures immunostained were endothelial cells of venules, capillaries, and arterioles. The EA-delta 12D monoclonal localization of plasma vPA in the endothelial lining of blood vessels provides evidence that tPA in plasma originates from the vascular wall and validates its designation as vascular plasminogen activator, ie, vPA. Also, our results are consistent with the fact that vPA in blood and tPA in tissues are immunologically identical and have a common endothelial origin. AUAngles-Cano E; Balaton A; Le Bonniec B; Genot E; Elion J; Sultan Y EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p913-20 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Plasminogen Activator, Tissue-Type MNAntibody Affinity; Antibody Formation; Antibody Specificity; Cell Fusion; Fibrin /IM; IgG MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000993 TIDelay in platelet recovery after bone marrow transplantation: impact of cytomegalovirus infection. ABThe effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on hematopoietic recovery after marrow-ablative chemoradiotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was studied in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of high-grade malignancy and in patients with acute leukemia. The recovery of platelets after autologous BMT occurred significantly quicker in CMV-negative patients than in CMV-positive patients (platelets greater than 50,000 per cubic millimeter after 21 1/2 v 40 days, respectively). No differences in the recovery of neutrophils were found between those with or without CMV infection. CMV-positive patients required significantly more transfusion support with thrombocyte concentrates than CMV-negative patients (three v six thrombocyte concentrates). In conclusion, CMV infections do not influence neutrophil recovery but do delay platelet recovery. As a consequence, patients with a CMV infection, whether primary, reactivated, or latent, require more thrombocyte concentrates, which increases the risk of transfusion-related infections. AUVerdonck LF; van Heugten H; de Gast GC EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p921-5 MJBlood Platelets; Bone Marrow; Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease MNAcute Disease; Adolescence; Adult; Blood Cell Count; Blood Transfusion; Erythrocytes; Leukemia /TH; Lymphoma /TH; Middle Age; Regeneration; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase); 9007-36-7 (Complement) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000996 TIThe acetylcholinesterase defect in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: evidence that the enzyme is absent from the cell membrane. ABParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a myelodysplastic disease characterized by erythrocytes that show abnormally increased sensitivity to complement-mediated lysis. Complement-sensitive PNH erythrocyte membranes have previously been shown to lack acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, but the molecular basis of this deficiency has been unclear. We have used monoclonal antibodies to four different epitopes on the AchE molecule to show that abnormal PNH erythrocytes failed to bind these antibodies. Moreover, abnormal PNH erythrocytes contained no protein immunoprecipitable by these antibodies, while normal complement-insensitive erythrocytes from PNH patients showed normal amounts of immunoprecipitable AchE which had normal electrophoretic mobility. These data suggest that abnormal PNH erythrocytes lack AchE enzyme activity due to the absence of the AchE molecule from the cell membrane. AUChow FL; Telen MJ; Rosse WF EM8601 IDI R01 AM31379 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p940-5 MJAcetylcholinesterase; Erythrocyte Membrane; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal MNCobra Venoms /PD; Complement /IM; Hemolysis /DE MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000997 TIInhibition of platelet adhesion to fibronectin, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor substrates by a synthetic tetrapeptide derived from the cell-binding domain of fibronectin. ABThe role in platelet function of the cell-binding region of fibronectin was explored by the use of synthetic peptides. The prototypical peptide gly-arg-gly-asp-ser was capable of inhibiting thrombin-induced platelet aggregation without altering the degree of platelet activation as judged by the secretion of 14C-serotonin. The peptide also effectively inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, the binding of radiolabeled fibronectin to platelets and the adhesion of platelets to fibronectin substrates. The smallest peptide from the cell-binding region of fibronectin which retained full activity was arg-gly-asp-ser. Transposition of amino acids or conservative substitutions of amino acids within this short sequence resulted in inactive peptides. Peptides containing the arg-gly-asp-ser sequence were also capable of inhibiting the adhesion of platelets to fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor substrates. Examination of the entire panel of synthetic peptides for ability to inhibit adhesion to fibrinogen or von Willebrand factor substrates revealed the same structure-function relationships that had been determined in the studies with fibronectin. AUHaverstick DM; Cowan JF; Yamada KM; Santoro SA EM8601 IDHL 29608; HL 07038 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p946-52 MJFibrinogen; Fibronectins; Oligopeptides; Platelet Adhesiveness; Von Willebrand Factor MNAmino Acid Sequence MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000998 TITpa-induced maturation in secretory human B-leukemic cells in vitro: DNA synthesis, antigenic changes, and immunoglobulin secretion. ABThe maturation of malignant cells in response to differentiating agents is interesting as a model of normal differentiation. The response of a freshly explanted neoplastic population of phenotypically well-characterized lymphosarcoma cell leukemia blasts was studied after incubation with the differentiating agent TPA (12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate). Terminal differentiation was assessed by measuring the immunoglobulin secreted in culture supernatants and the production of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins. Activation of the cells was studied using fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibodies to various antigens in a flow cytometer (fluorescence-activated cell sorter) and 3H-thymidine (3H-Tdr) incorporation was evaluated to measure DNA synthesis in cells grown in complete medium and TPA-supplemented medium. The events induced by TPA were characteristic of B cell maturation and included morphological changes to plasmacytoid cells, reduction in surface immunoglobulins (sIgM, sIgD, and K), enhancement of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, and amplification of immunoglobulin secretion. Surface antigen changes were accompanied by increased 3H-Tdr incorporation. Cell proliferation and differentiation appeared to be coupled and both were amplified by TPA treatment. These observations indicate that TPA can promote maturation of malignant secretory B cells to a terminal differentiation stage. The significance of these findings to normal B cell differentiation and their potential clinical utility is discussed. AUEfremidis AP; Haubenstock H; Holland JF; Bekesi JG EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p953-60 MJCell Cycle; Leukemia; Phorbols; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tumor Stem Cells MNAged; Antigens, Surface /AN; B Lymphocytes /DE; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cell Division /DE; Cells, Cultured; DNA /BI; Growth Substances /PH; IgM /SE; Immunoglobulins /SE MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000999 TIIn vivo administration of lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies in nonhuman primates: I. Effects of anti-T11 antibodies on the circulating T cell pool. ABThe effects of in vivo administration of three monoclonal antibodies specific for T11, the E rosette receptor on T lymphocytes, were examined in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). These three monoclonal antibodies were of different isotypes and were shown in in vitro studies to have differing affinities for the monkey T11 structure. Furthermore, each antibody induced antigenic modulation of T11 from the cell membrane of the lymphocytes to varying degrees in vitro. In vivo infusion of each of these antibodies into normal rhesus monkeys caused remarkably different effects on the circulating T lymphocyte pool. Infusion of these antibodies at doses of 2 mg/kg caused the coating of circulating T lymphocytes with antibody, the modulation of T11 off the T cell surface and the transient clearance of T cells from the circulation. Yet, the variation in the extent to which these effects were seen with these different antibodies indicates that extrapolating from studies of the in vivo use of one antibody to the use of another may be quite difficult. These studies clearly indicate the strengths of this nonhuman primate system for exploring the uses of monoclonal antilymphocyte antibodies as therapeutic agents. They, however, also demonstrate that differences may exist in the affinity of a particular antibody for homologous lymphocyte surface structures in humans and in a nonhuman primate species. These differences may make it difficult to predict the precise effects that the infusion of an antibody will cause in humans on the basis of alterations it induces in nonhuman primates. AULetvin NL; Ritz J; Guida LJ; Yetz JM; Lambert JM; Reinherz EL; Schlossman SF EM8601 IDAI 20729; RR00168 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p961-6 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; T Lymphocytes MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /CL; Antibody Specificity; Flow Cytometry; Lymphocyte Depletion; Macaca mulatta; Receptors, Immunologic /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN17230-88-5 (Danazol); 53-03-2 (Prednisone) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86001000 TIDifferences in T cell subsets between men and women with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. ABIdiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder, occurring predominantly in women. We studied by flow cytofluorimetry the T cell subsets in men and women with ITP and compared them with healthy sex-matched volunteers. In healthy controls, women were found to have higher proportions of T helper/inducer (Th/i) and lower T suppressor/cytotoxic (Ts/c) lymphocytes and consequently higher Th/i:Ts/c ratios than men. Accordingly, in clinical surveys, patients and controls should be matched for sex for proper comparisons. In patients with ITP in its active phase, an imbalance in T cell subsets was found in both sexes. The perturbation was more severe in women who had a marked decrease in number and proportion of Th/i lymphocytes and an increase in the proportion of Ts/c lymphocytes, whereas in men only, the proportion of Th/i lymphocytes was decreased. When patients with active disease were compared to those with ITP in remission, the decrease in Th/i subsets still persisted in both sexes but the Ts/c subset in women had returned to normal proportions. Therefore, the immune imbalance in ITP is more marked in women than men; imbalances in both Th/i and Ts/c are present in women while Ts/c appears not to be involved in men. AUMylvaganam R; Ahn YS; Harrington WJ; Kim CI; Gratzner HG EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p967-72 MJHelper Cells; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Suppressor Cells; T Lymphocytes MNDanazol /TU; Prednisone /TU; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic /TH; Sex Factors; Splenectomy MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86001001 TIA longitudinal study of patients with hemophilia: immunologic correlates of infection with HTLV-III/LAV and other viruses. ABA comprehensive study was initiated to examine the immunologic status of a sample (n = 47) of the asymptomatic hemophilia A and B populations of metropolitan Atlanta and to determine if any of the abnormalities changed with time or correlated with infection by human T cell leukemia virus type III and lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) or other viruses either alone or in combination. Patients with hemophilia A (Hem-A) showed a defect in cellular immunity evidenced by a depressed T cell helper/suppressor ratio (P less than .0001), an increased absolute T suppressor cell number (P less than .0001), and a diminished number of T helper cells (P = .003) when compared with health professionals. Lymphocytes from these patients also showed a reduced ability to transform in response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen. No deterioration in immune status was seen during a median ten-month period of follow-up. Sixty-four percent of Hem-A patients had antibodies to HTLV-III/LAV and those who were seropositive had a significantly decreased helper/suppressor cell ratio (P = .018) and a diminished T helper cell number (P = .002); they were also more likely to have had exposure to cytomegalovirus than HTLV-III/LAV-negative Hem-A patients (P = .016). Heavy use of factor VIII concentrate was associated with a decreased number of T helper cells (P = .037) and seropositivity for HTLV-III/LAV (P = .011 in 1982). Hemophilia patients had higher IgG, immune complex, and beta 2-microglobulin levels than health professionals (P less than .0001). Although the most prominent abnormality observed in T cell subsets of patients with hemophilia is an increase in T suppressor cells, a finding likely to be associated with immune augmentation in response to multiple stimuli, the T cell abnormality that was predictive of exposure to HTLV-III/LAV, the putative acquired immunodeficiency syndrome agent, was a diminished number of T helper cells. AUStein SF; Evatt BL; McDougal JS; Lawrence DN; Holman RC; Ramsey RB; Spira TJ EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p973-9 MJChristmas Disease; Hemophilia; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus MNAdeno-Associated Viruses /AN; Adult; Age Factors; Antibodies, Viral /AN; Beta 2 Microglobulin /AN; Cytomegaloviruses /IM; Factor VIII /TU; Helper Cells /IM; IgA /AN; IgG /AN; Longitudinal Studies; Lymphocyte Transformation; Suppressor Cells /IM MTHuman IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86001002 TIPeripheral T cell lymphoma: immunologic and cell-kinetic observations associated with morphological progression. ABPeripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) form a morphologically heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas that are generally considered to have immunophenotypes associated with mature T cells, usually those of helper T cells. We now describe and correlate the clinical, morphological, immunologic, and cell-kinetic findings based on the evaluation of eight tissue samples obtained at various times from a 13-year-old girl with PTCL. The early morphological expressions of this patient's PTCL were those of diffuse mixed-cell lymphoma and focal large-cell lymphoma (LCL) evolving from the histologic picture of an atypical immune response (AIR). These morphological findings were associated with an immature T cell immunophenotype associated with cortical thymocytes--namely, sheep erythrocyte rosette (sER)+, T11+, Leu-2a+, Leu-3a+, HLA-DR+, OKT6-, OKT9+, OKT10+--and with cell-kinetic findings that showed no evidence of aneuploidy and few cells in S phase. Diffuse pleomorphic LCL developed, which was associated with further dedifferentiation of the neoplastic T cells to the immunophenotype sER-, T11+, Leu-2a-, Leu-3a-, HLA-DR+, OKT6-, OKT9+, OKT10- and with cell-kinetic findings that demonstrated a distinct aneuploid population and a dramatic increase in the percentage of cells in the S phase. The immunophenotype of the PTCL at the time of the patient's death was T11-, Leu-2a-, Leu-3a-, HLA-DR+, OKT6-, OKT9+, OKT10-, an immunophenotype indistinguishable from that of a non-B non-T cell lymphoma. The immunologic findings in this case also suggest that an AIR in some cases may represent a prelymphomatous state or may be a morphological expression of PTCL. These observations indicate that PTCLs may be characterized by rapidly changing clinical, morphological, immunologic, and cell kinetic findings which are best evaluated by multidisciplinary studies. AUWinberg CD; Sheibani K; Krance R; Rappaport H EM8601 IDCA-26422; CA-33572; CA-09308; + SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p980-9 MJLymphoma; T Lymphocytes /PA MNAdolescence; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Antibodies /AN; Isoantibodies /AN; Lung /PA; Lymph Nodes /PA; Rosette Formation; Skin /PA; T Lymphocytes /IM MTCase Report; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.4.1. (Galactosyltransferases) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86001003 TISuppressed expression of blood group B antigen and blood group galactosyltransferase in a preleukemic subject. ABThe B antigen activity was severely diminished in a patient's RBCs at the preleukemic stage prior to chemo- or radiotherapy. The amount of H sites of the patient's RBC membranes was found to be comparable to that of O RBC membranes. The activity of alpha (1----2) fucosyltransferase (H enzyme) was not severely decreased in the patient's plasma and bone marrow. However, the activity of alpha (1----3) galactosyltransferase (B enzyme), which converts H substance to B substance, was drastically reduced in the patient's bone marrow. Thus, the diminished B antigen in the patient's RBCs was caused mainly by the blockage of conversion of the H substance to B substance. It is suggested that the viral oncogene linked to the ABO locus at q34 of chromosome No. 9 would occasionally suppress the expression of blood group A and B enzymes and A and B antigens. AUYoshida A; Kumazaki T; Dave V ; Blank J; Dzik WH EM8601 IDHL-29514 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p990-2 MJGalactosyltransferases; Isoantigens; Preleukemia MNABO Blood-Group System; Bone Marrow /EN; Erythrocytes /IM; Hematopoietic Stem Cells /EN; Middle Age; Preleukemia /EN /IM MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86001004 TIA longitudinal immunologic evaluation of hemophiliac patients. ABOver an average span of one year, we performed a prospective clinical and immunologic evaluation of 30 patients with hemophilia. No patient developed life-threatening opportunistic infection or malignancy; however, the immunologic abnormalities and lymphadenopathy initially present in nine patients (lymphadenopathy group) persisted. In addition, five patients, representing 24% of the initial group without lymphadenopathy, developed generalized lymphadenopathy (converter group). One episode of idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP) and one episode of staphylococcal sepsis occurred in this ╥converter╙ group; one episode of ITP also occurred in the lymphadenopathy group. Sixteen patients remained asymptomatic. At the time of the follow-up evaluation, those differences in mononuclear cell (MNC) percentages and numbers noted initially among the three hemophiliac groups were no longer present. Natural killer cell function alone or in the presence of biologic response modifiers was not different among hemophiliac and control groups. Before developing lymphadenopathy, the converter group of patients had significantly better lymphocyte mitogenic function than did the other two groups of patients with hemophilia. However, lymphocyte mitogenic responses of all groups of patients with hemophilia significantly deteriorated over the course of the study. The abnormal mitogenic responses noted in these patients was explained in part by higher levels of spontaneous suppressor cell activity in mononuclear cell preparations from patients with hemophilia. We conclude that long-term immunologic studies of this patient population requires both quantitative and qualitative evaluations. Our data show that patients with hemophilia have progressive dysfunction of cell-mediated immunity. AUdeShazo RD; Daul CB; Andes WA; Bozelka BE EM8601 IDCA 34977 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p993-8 MJHemophilia /IM MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Helper Cells /IM; Hemophilia /CO; Killer Cells, Natural /IM; Longitudinal Studies; Lymph Nodes /PA; Lymphadenitis /CO; Lymphocyte Transformation; Middle Age; Phytohemagglutinins /PD; Suppressor Cells /IM MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN288-32-4 (imidazole); 67-68-5 (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86001005 TIRelationship of mitochondrial membrane potential to hemoglobin synthesis during Friend cell maturation. ABPrevious studies have shown that exposure to imidazole dissociates hemoglobin synthesis from other aspects of cell maturation in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-treated mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. In the present study, we have found that imidazole causes hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane in MEL cells exposed to DMSO, in contrast to the depolarization observed with DMSO alone. Like the defect in hemoglobin synthesis, membrane hyperpolarization is reversible upon removal of imidazole and incubation of cells with DMSO alone. These correlations suggest that alterations in the electrostatic properties of the mitochondrial membrane, due directly or indirectly to the effects of imidazole, interfere with heme synthesis but not with other aspects of the maturation process in these developing erythroid cells. AUWong W; Robinson SH; Tsiftsoglou AS EM8601 IDAM17148; CA37727 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p999-1001 MJErythroleukemia; Hemoglobins; Leukemia, Experimental MNCell Line; Dimethyl Sulfoxide /PD; Flow Cytometry; Imidazoles /PD; Intracellular Membranes /PH; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mitochondria /PH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001032 TIObservations on the outcome of specialty education and training in forensic psychiatry. AUPollack S EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p117-9 MJForensic Psychiatry MNClinical Competence; Logic; Persuasive Communication; Physician's Role MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001033 TIReasonable medical certainty, diagnostic thresholds, and definitions of mental illness in the legal context. AUDiamond BL EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p121-8 MJForensic Psychiatry; Mental Disorders MNExpert Testimony /LJ; Forensic Psychiatry /LJ; Insanity Defense; Probability; United States MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001034 TICan psychiatry contribute to gun control? AUBromberg W EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p129-37 MJCrime; Forensic Psychiatry; Violence MNAggression; Antisocial Personality Disorder /PX; Crime /PC; Criminal Psychology; Homicide /OC; Masochism; Mass Media; United States MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001035 TIIs there an assault syndrome? AUModlin HC EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p139-45 MJStress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Violence MNAdult; Crime /LJ; Dreams; Forensic Psychiatry; Rape; Social Control, Formal; Syndrome; Workmen's Compensation /LJ MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001036 TIBeyond the scientific limits of expert testimony. AUWasyliw OE; Cavanaugh JL Jr; Rogers R EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p147-58 MJExpert Testimony; Forensic Psychiatry MNCrowding; Goals; Physician's Role; Prisons /LJ; Punishment; Referral and Consultation; Social Problems MTCase Report; Human IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001037 TIThe consultation model and forensic psychiatric practice. AUBloom JD; Bloom JL EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p159-64 MJForensic Psychiatry; Referral and Consultation MNEthics, Medical; Expert Testimony; Models, Theoretical; Role MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001038 TIMedical school forensic psychiatry units in health care delivery facilities rather than criminal justice institutions: an alternative model. ABWe have presented a model for developing forensic psychiatric treatment and teaching services of a medical school Department of Psychiatry, but where these services are the basic comprehensive health care delivery system for the entire community. These offer consultative and treatment services for adult and family court clinic, psychiatric forensic services, of forensic psychiatry open bed and medium security-type bed, as well as day hospital and outpatient services. All of these are sited in the normal health care delivery system of the university teaching hospitals and its patient treatment, teaching, and research facilities. Consultative services are offered on request to the criminal justice system, but the basic health care delivery system is controlled administratively by the ordinary university teaching hospital authorities and exists as a one of a kind unit at the Royal Ottawa Hospital. The Royal Ottawa Hospital is a private nonprofit hospital, with its own Board of Trustees, and is affiliated with the medical school, as part of a major university network. We believe it important to present this model for an overall forensic psychiatric service, in contradistinction to the more commonly established forensic psychiatric facilities in state mental hospitals, in a special facility for the criminally insane, or in a criminal justice system institution such as a penitentiary. We believe that our model for forensic psychiatric facilities has great advantages for the patient. Here the patient is treated in a specialized facility (as all psychiatric patients with specialized problems should be); but one which is a specialized forensic facility, within the range of specialized psychiatric facilities that are needed by an urban community.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUSarwer-Foner GJ; Smith S; Bradford J EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p165-72 MJDelivery of Health Care; Forensic Psychiatry; Hospitals, Teaching MNCriminal Law; Ontario; Psychiatric Department, Hospital; Referral and Consultation; Schools, Medical MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001039 TISeymour Pollack and the American Board of Forensic Psychiatry. AURappeport JR; Halpern AL PSPollack S EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p173-5 MJCertification; Forensic Psychiatry; Specialty Boards MNHistory of Medicine, 20th Cent.; United States MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001040 TISeymour Pollack, MD, and the creation of AAPL regional chapters. AURosner R PSPollack S EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p177-84 MJAcademies and Institutes /OG; Forensic Psychiatry MNAcademies and Institutes /HI; Constitution and Bylaws; Forensic Psychiatry /HI; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; United States MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001041 TIIn memoriam: Seymour Pollack, MA, MD, 1916-1982. AUTuchler MI PSPollack S EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p185-8 MNForensic Psychiatry /HI; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; United States MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001042 TISanctum sanctorum: the psychiatrist's role in postrial competency examination of jurors. EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p191-203 MJForensic Psychiatry MNUnited States MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001043 TISuicide litigation and risk management: a review of 32 cases. AUPerr IN EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p209-19 MJFinancial Management; Malpractice; Psychiatry; Risk Management; Suicide MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Forensic Psychiatry; Hospitals, Psychiatric /LJ; Medical Records; Mental Disorders /PX; Middle Age; Psychiatric Department, Hospital /LJ; United States MTFemale; Human; Male IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001044 TIChildren who witness violence: tortious aspects. AUMalmquist CP EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p221-31 MJForensic Psychiatry; Violence MNAccidents; Child, Preschool; Child; Fear; Great Britain; Homicide; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic /ET; Stress, Psychological /CO; United States MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001045 TIA comparison between men charged with domestic and nondomestic homicide. AUDaniel AE; Holcomb WR EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p233-41 MJFamily; Homicide MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child Behavior Disorders /PX; Hospitalization; Middle Age; Risk; Sex Factors; Stress, Psychological /CO; Substance Abuse /CO; Unemployment MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001046 TIUse of summons in involuntary civil commitment. AUDurham ML; Carr HD EM8601 IDR01MH36220-01 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p243-51 MJCommitment of Mentally Ill MNAge Factors; Dangerous Behavior; Length of Stay; Sex Factors; Washington MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001047 TIThe Mental-Mental Muddle and Work Comp in Oregon. II. ABTo summarize, in the state of Oregon at this time, mental illness caused by employment is covered by workers' compensation insurance. There have recently been some legislative attempts to seriously restrict this and there probably will be some more in the future. As the law now stands, the job stress must be the major contributing cause as measured against any off the job stress. The on the job events producing the stress must exist in reality. A stress emanating primarily from a worker's misperception or paranoid thinking does not constitute an acceptable causative agent. Obviously it is not always that easy to distinguish between on the job causes and off the job causes and objective stresses and merely perceived stresses. And what about the individual who has faulty perceptions which lead to actions that provoke an objective response? As a psychiatrist, I am glad to see more recognition given to mental illness caused by the work place. I applaud the Oregon Supreme Court for pointing out that an organization has an obligation to somehow deal with stress-producing supervisors. I think we have to be on guard against those forces working through the legislature which try to minimize or deny the importance of mental illness. At the same time, though, we have to try to enlighten rather than confuse. Our expertise is in diagnosing and treating, not in constructing legal terminology. In my evaluation of the Leary case, I tried to explain to the best of my ability just what was going on.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUColbach EM EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p253-8 MJMental Disorders; Occupational Diseases; Stress, Psychological; Workmen's Compensation MNAdult; Forensic Psychiatry; Middle Age; Oregon MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001048 TIDecision-making in child abuse and neglect. ABSocial attachment theory can be of value in examining the wide variety of abuse and neglect situations that come to the attention of authorities. We consider evaluation of the parent-child relationship as a crucial part of the judicial process. We have suggested parameters that can be used to evaluate the relationship. We have outlined some of the more common distortions in this relationship that have, in our experience, been associated with the mistreatment of children. The use of social attachment theory has been of great help in understanding the emotional reactions of the many children we have seen for evaluation and treatment. The theory also serves as a potential guide for improvements in social policy. If we are more sensitive to the psychological world of these children, we will be better able to truly protect them. AUWasserman S; Rosenfeld A EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p259-71 MJChild Abuse; Object Attachment; Parent-Child Relations MNChild; Decision Making; Foster Home Care /PX; Guilt; Rejection (Psychology); Safety; Self Concept; United States; Violence MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001049 TIDetecting child abuse by studying the parents. AUBursten B EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p273-81 MJBattered Child Syndrome; Child Abuse; Expert Testimony; Parents MNChild; Forensic Psychiatry; Risk; United States MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001050 TIThe role of unconscious conflict in informed consent. AUZeichner B EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p283-90 MJConflict (Psychology); Informed Consent; Unconscious (Psychology) MNDecision Making; Patient Education; Psychoanalytic Theory; Truth Disclosure; United States MTFemale; Human IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001051 TIA case of child abandonment--reflections on criminal responsibility in adolescence. ABThe issue of responsibility for delinquent acts has been examined in the light of adolescence as a unique developmental stage, and it has been proposed that the degree to which one should hold an adolescent morally responsible for his/her acts corresponds to the degree to which he/she has individuated from his/her family and become a psychologic adult. A case was presented in which the crime of child abandonment was committed by an adolescent who was still deeply enmeshed interpersonally with her mother and had not yet achieved a separate identity as an adult. The psychiatric findings were presented to the Court after a plea bargain had been struck and prior to sentencing. They conveyed the belief, in lay terms, that moral responsibility for this crime was collective, to be borne in part by the perpetrator's family. The Court responded humanely with a suspended sentence, conditioned on psychotherapy, allowing the young mother to remain together with her first child. Not only does this article suggest the value of an understanding of adolescent psychiatric concepts for the forensic psychiatrist, it also suggests that the more subtle aspects of assigning responsibility can be better evaluated by the court at the time of sentencing than during the trial phase. AURatner RA EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p291-301 MJAdolescent Psychology; Child Abuse MNAdolescence; Adult; Criminal Law; Defense Mechanisms; Denial (Psychology); Forensic Psychiatry; Infanticide /PX; Pregnancy; Rejection (Psychology); United States MTCase Report; Female; Human RN33245-39-5 (fluchloralin) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001062 TIIdentification of fluchloralin in imported dried fruit. AUBarry TL; Petzinger G; Stenson M EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p285-90 MJAniline Compounds; Food Contamination; Fruit; Herbicides MNChromatography, Gas; Pesticide Residues /AN; Spectrum Analysis, Mass RN333-41-5 (Diazinon) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001063 TIIdentification of diazinon and its metabolite in spinach by chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AUCairns T; Siegmund EG; Froberg JE EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p291-5 MJDiazinon; Food Contamination; Insecticides, Organothiophosphate; Vegetables MNChemistry; Diazinon /ME; Mass Fragmentography; Spectrum Analysis, Mass RN114-26-1 (Aprocarb) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001064 TIColorimetric determination of propoxur residues in vegetables and water. AUAppaiah KM; Sreenivasa MA; Kapur OP EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p296-300 MJAprocarb; Food Contamination; Vegetables; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollutants; Water Supply MNColorimetry; Hydrolysis; Indicators and Reagents; Phenols IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001065 TIActivation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by hepatic S-9 from a marine fish. AUMilling DM; Maddock MB EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p301-7 MJFishes; Liver; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Subcellular Fractions MNBiotransformation; Mutagenicity Tests; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons /TO; Salmonella /GE MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN3383-96-8 (Abate); 7732-18-5 (Water) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001066 TITemephos residues in stagnant ponds after mosquito larvicide applications by helicopter. AULores EM; Moore JC; Moody P; Clark J; Forester J; Knight J EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p308-13 MJAbate; Fresh Water; Insecticides, Organothiophosphate; Pesticide Residues; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollutants; Water MNChromatography, Gas; Insect Control; Larva; Mosquitoes MTAnimal RN2008-39-1 (2,4-D amine); 25168-26-7 (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid isooctyl ester); 26544-20-7 ((4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy); 94-74-6 (MCPA); 94-75-7 (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001067 TIAcute toxicity of four phenoxy herbicides to aquatic organisms. AUAlexander HC; Gersich FM; Mayes MA EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p314-21 MJDaphnia; Fishes; Herbicides; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollutants MN2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid /AA /TO; Dimethylamines /TO; MCPA /AA /TO MTAnimal IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001068 TIOrganochlorine hydrocarbon residues in sediments of two different lagoons of northwest Mexico. AURosales MT; Escalona RL; Alarcon RM ; Zamora V EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p322-30 MJHydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Pesticide Residues; Seawater; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollutants MNMexico; Time Factors MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-43-9 (Cadmium); 7440-50-8 (Copper) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001069 TIMetals and PCB concentrations in mussels from Long Island Sound. AUGreig RA; Sennefelder G EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p331-4 MJMetals; Mussels; Polychlorobiphenyl Compounds; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollutants MNCadmium /AN; Connecticut; Copper /AN MTAnimal RN7782-49-2 (Selenium); 7783-00-8 (selenious acid) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001070 TIEffect of selenite on the uptake of methylmercury in cod (Gadus morhua). AURingdal O; Julshamn K EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p335-44 MJFishes; Methylmercury Compounds; Selenium /PD MNLiver /ME; Methylmercury Compounds /TO; Muscles /ME; Selenium /ME; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption; Time Factors; Water Pollutants, Chemical /TO MTAnimal IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001071 TIEffects of gut sediment contents on measurements of metal levels in benthic invertebrates--a cautionary note. AUChapman PM EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p345-7 MJInvertebrates; Metals MNLarva /ME; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-44-0 (Carbon) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001072 TISuperficial accumulation of heavy metals in near shore marine sediments: an objective index of environmental pollution. AUEstablier R; Gomez-Parra A ; Blasco J EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p348-53 MJMetals; Soil Pollutants; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollutants MNCarbon /AN; Time Factors RN137-26-8 (Thiram) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001073 TIAccelerated tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) degradation in soil by inoculation with TMTD-utilizing bacteria. AUShirkot CK; Gupta KG EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p354-61 MJSoil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Thiocarbamates; Thiram /ME MNBiodegradation; Pseudomonas Aeruginosa /ME; Thiram /AN; Time Factors MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-50-8 (Copper); 7758-98-7 (copper sulfate) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001074 TIAbsorption of Cu++ by long-term cultures of Dunaliella salina, D. tertiolecta, and D. viridis. AULustigman B; Korky J; Zabady A; McCormick JM EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p362-7 MJAlgae, Green; Copper MNAbsorption; Species Specificity; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption RN7789-00-6 (potassium chromate(VI) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001075 TIDaphnia magna as an indicator of the acute toxicity of waste waters. AUNikunen E; Miettinen V EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p368-74 MJDaphnia; Sewage MNChromates /AN; Industrial Waste /AE; Paper; Sewage /AN; Wool MTAnimal RN56-38-2 (Parathion) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001076 TIEffects of cold ambient temperatures on acute mortality of Peromyscus leucopus dosed with parathion. AUMontz WE Jr; Kirkpatrick RL EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p375-9 MJCold; Parathion; Peromyscus MNBody Temperature Regulation; Body Temperature; Mice; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male RN7439-92-1 (Lead) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001077 TIHemolyzed, lyophilized bovine blood for quality control of lead determination of human whole blood. AUSubramanian KS; Meranger JC ; Connor J EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p380-5 MJLead MNCattle; Chemistry; Drug Stability; Freeze Drying; Hemolysis; Quality Control; Species Specificity; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption MTAnimal; Female; Human RN7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001078 TIFactors associated with blood pressure in females with heavy exposure to cadmium. AUKagamimori S; Naruse Y; Fujita T; Watanabe M; Nishino H; Shinmura T EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p386-92 MJBlood Pressure; Cadmium Poisoning MNAge Factors; Aged; Middle Age; Sodium /ME MTFemale; Human RN64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl); 75-07-0 (Acetaldehyde) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001079 TITissue distribution of acetaldehyde in rats following acetaldehyde inhalation and intragastric ethanol administration. AUHobara N; Watanabe A; Kobayashi M; Nakatsukasa H; Nagashima H; Fukuda T; Araki Y EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p393-6 MJAcetaldehyde /ME; Alcohol, Ethyl MNAcetaldehyde /AD /BL; Aerosols; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Male RN21787-80-4 (demethylchlordimeform); 6164-98-3 (Chlorphenamidine) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001080 TIExtraction and analysis of chlordimeform and demethylchlordimeform from human tissue samples. AURieger JA; Allen LV Jr; Fisher RC EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p397-405 MJAmidines; Chlorphenamidine /AN MNChemistry; Chlorphenamidine /AA; Liver /AN; Mass Fragmentography MTHuman RN87-86-5 (Pentachlorophenol) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001081 TIGas chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in human blood and urine. AUAtuma SS; Okor DI EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p406-10 MJChlorophenols; Pentachlorophenol MNChromatography, Gas; Nigeria; Pentachlorophenol /BL /UR; Pesticide Residues /AN MTHuman IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001082 TISerum organochlorine residues in Florida citrus workers compared to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey sample. AUGriffith J; Duncan RC EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p411-7 MJAgricultural Workers' Diseases; Insecticides, Organochlorine /BL MNAgricultural Workers' Diseases /CI; Citrus Fruits; Florida; Insecticides, Organochlorine /AE; Pesticide Residues /BL MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001083 TIFactors influencing grape worker susceptibility to skin rashes. AUWinter CK; Kurtz PH EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p418-26 MJAgricultural Workers' Diseases; Occupational Dermatitis; Pesticides MNFruit; Temperature MTHuman IS0395-3890 LAEnglish; French JCBGX SBM UI86001084 TIRespiratory mucus production in asthma. AUShelhamer JH; Kaliner MA EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p301-7 MJAsthma /PP; Glycoproteins; Mucus; Respiratory System MNAsthma /ET MTAnimal; Human IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001085 TIRespiratory function in recent pulmonary sarcoidosis with special reference to small airways. ABThis study was designed to evaluate airway dysfunction in relation to duration of disease in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis for less than two years. Twenty four subjects with recent disease were compared with nine subjects with disease of more than two years' duration. They underwent lung function testing (lung volumes, lung transfer factor for CO and pulmonary mechanics). Small airway function was assessed using frequency dependence of compliance, closing volume, nitrogen single breath test and flow-volume curves breathing air and helium-oxygen mixture. Airway dysfunction was seen in pulmonary sarcoidosis even in some patients with recent disease and it became more evident in disease of longer duration. The results suggest small airway involvement. The frequency of airway dysfunction is difficult to evaluate, varying from estimates of 0% using flow-volume curves to 79% with frequency dependence of compliance. This apparent discrepancy could be explained by the consequences of parenchymal involvement leading to inhomogeneities in distribution of compliance, and of elastic lung recoil. We conclude that patients with recent sarcoidosis are probably affected by intrinsic small airway disease, but an increase in elastic recoil often conceals its consequences. The airway disease may not be apparent using conventional function tests and published predicted values. AULamberto C; Saumon G; Loiseau P; Battesti JP; Georges R EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p309-15 MJLung Diseases; Sarcoidosis MNAdult; Lung Compliance; Lung Volume Measurements; Respiratory Function Tests MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001086 TIRespiratory inductance plethysmography: calibration techniques, their validation and the effects of posture. ABRespiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) is used to measure ventilation from two measurements of body surface movements (rib-cage and abdomen) via the application of volume-motion (V-M) coefficients. The correct derivation of both V-M coefficients (calibration) is necessary because there are considerable spontaneous variations in relative contributions from these two compartments even during resting breathing. In order to fully test a calibration, deliberate changes in rib-cage (RC) to abdominal (AB) contribution must be made. We used this approach to test two single-posture calibration techniques, multiple linear regression (MLR) and isovolume (ISV). Ten normal subjects and nine patients with chronic airway obstruction (CAWO) were studied using quiet breathing throughout. We also studied the effects of changing posture on the constancy of the V-M coefficients. MLR proved a little more accurate (p = 0.03) in deriving the V-M coefficients than ISV in normal subjects, and ISV consistently underestimated the AB V-M coefficient relative to RC. No difference between the two techniques existed in patients with CAWO. Both MLR and ISV calibrations failed to give acceptable calibrations in some patients. When MLR calibration was used, a deliberate 20% change in relative compartmental contribution (RC-AB) induced mean errors in RIP estimations of tidal volume of 3.5 and 9.5% in normal subjects and patients respectively. When there were no deliberate changes in relative contribution, the 95% confidence limits of individual tidal volume estimates were +/- 6.6 and +/- 12% in normal subjects and patients respectively. MLR calibration provides a statistical estimate of its quality at the time of V-M coefficient derivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUStradling JR; Chadwick GA; Quirk C; Phillips T EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p317-24 MJLung Diseases, Obstructive; Posture; Respiration MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Plethysmography /MT; Respiratory Function Tests MTComparative Study; Human; Male RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001087 TIHyperoxia effects on lung vascular circulating and marginated leukocytes in the rat. ABThe vascular sequestration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) may be responsible for endothelial injury leading to lung oedema, which occurs when rats are exposed to pure normobaric oxygen. Indeed, marginated PMN in close contact with the endothelium are able to damage the latter when activated. In the present work, marginated leukocytes were recovered by lavage through the pulmonary artery in isolated rat lung and the leukocyte differential count in blood and in the lung perfusion liquid (perfusate) was studied. Following 55 h of hyperoxia, a rise in the PMN count and lymphocytopenia were observed in the blood and in the perfusate. Moreover, the relatively greater increase in the PMN concentration in the perfusate than in the blood suggested a strengthening of their margination along the endothelium. A clear protective effect was noted during hyperoxia provided previous injection of endotoxin (1.5 mg X kg-1 intraperitoneally) had been performed. Indeed, after 65 h of hyperoxia, none of these rats (Endo/O2) died and there was no pleural effusion. The lymphocyte count was maintained within the normal limit and the number of PMN in the lung perfusion fluid and in blood was reduced. Results of this study suggest an essential role of the marginated PMN in lung oxygen toxicity. AUBureau M; Sourouille P; Brun-Pascaud M; Fey M; Pocidalo JJ EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p325-9 MJLung; Neutrophils; Oxygen; Pulmonary Artery MNEndotoxins /PD; Escherichia Coli; Leukocyte Count /DE; Lung /DE; Perfusion; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN51-45-6 (Histamine); 9006-59-1 (Ovalbumin) IS0395-3890 LAFrench JCBGX SBM UI86001088 TI[Effects of sensitization to ovalbumin on the lipid content of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in guinea pigs] ABFour groups of guinea-pigs were studied (l1: control, l2: sensitized to ovalbumin, l3: sensitized and challenged by aerosol of ovalbumin, l4: challenged by aerosol of histamine). In urethane anaesthetized guinea-pigs, pulmonary resistances and dynamic compliance were measured (before and after aerosol of ovalbumin in l3 and aerosol of histamine in l4). The lungs were removed and the static pressure-volume curves were performed to determine lung compliance. In the pulmonary lavage fluids, surface tension and total fatty acids and phospholipids were measured by Cahn's electrobalance and gas chromatography respectively. In l2 guinea-pigs, the mean value of total fatty acids and of phospholipids was significantly decreased in pulmonary lavage fluid, by 24.5% and 40.2% respectively. Surface tension was increased while lung mechanics was identical to control. In l3 guinea-pigs, the mean value of total fatty acids and of phospholipids was significantly decreased in pulmonary lavage fluids, by 55.7% and 53.2% respectively. Surface tension was increased. In vivo, lung mechanics was changed: dynamic compliance decreased, pulmonary resistances increased. Pressure-volume curves were flattened and pulmonary compliance of isolated lungs was decreased since bronchial obstruction remained after death. In l4 guinea-pigs, the mean value of total fatty acids and of phospholipids was increased in pulmonary lavage fluid but not significantly, by 26.6% and 9.2%. Surface tension was not changed. Lung mechanics was very significantly affected by bronchospasm, but after death the mechanics of the isolated lung and of control lung was identical. Finally, the decrease of surface-active lipids in pulmonary lavage fluid originates in the sensitization and is enhanced by antigen-induced bronchial anaphylaxis but not by histamine-induced bronchospasm. AURami J; Besombes JP; Riviere D ; Sallerin F TT[Effets de la sensibilisation a l'ovalbumine sur le contenu lipidique du liquide de lavage bronchoalveolaire du cobaye.] EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p331-8 MJBronchial Spasm /PP; Bronchi /SE; Histamine; Lipids; Pulmonary Alveoli /SE MNAerosols; Body Fluids /ME; Bronchial Spasm /ET; Bronchi /DE; Fatty Acids /ME; Guinea Pigs; Immunization; Irrigation; Ovalbumin /IM; Phospholipids /ME; Pulmonary Alveoli /DE; Respiratory Function Tests MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001089 TIPositive expiratory pressure (PEP-mask) physiotherapy improves ventilation and reduces volume of trapped gas in cystic fibrosis. ABTo investigate the lung function during positive expiratory pressure (PEP) physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis, the resistance tube of the PEP-mask was inserted into the expiratory outlet of our lung function equipment. This enabled us to measure a variety of lung function variables, while the lung function equipment functioned as a PEP-mask. We studied 12 patients and found that during PEP-mask physiotherapy functional residual capacity (FRC) increased significantly (p less than 0.02). There was a decrease of washout volume (WOV) (p less than 0.05), lung clearance index (WOV/FRC) (p less than 0.001) and volume of trapped gas (p less than 0.05), whereas total lung capacity, vital capacity, tidal volume and residual volume did not change significantly. It is concluded that in cystic fibrosis PEP-mask physiotherapy evens the intrapulmonary distribution of the ventilation and opens up regions, that are otherwise closed off. The results support the clinical observation that PEP-mask physiotherapy increases the transcutaneous tension of oxygen and the expectoration of sputum. AUGroth S; Stafanger G; Dirksen H; Andersen JB; Falk M; Kelstrup M EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p339-43 MJCystic Fibrosis; Lung; Positive Pressure Respiration MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Masks; Positive Pressure Respiration /IS /MT; Respiratory Function Tests MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001090 TIUpper airway reflexes in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. ABIn 16 newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) not artificially ventilated, oesophageal pressure was recorded with an electromanometer and the reactions to mechanical stimulation of the upper airways by means of a nylon fibre were investigated. The results were compared with the values obtained in 16 newborns without cardiorespiratory disturbances. The reactions were evoked by mechanical stimulation of the airways. Mechanical stimulation of the nasal mucosa produced expulsive reactions only in 45% of cases in newborns with RDS as compared with 95% in healthy newborns (p less than 0.001). Stimulation of the oropharyngeal and laryngeal regions elicited expulsive reactions in 48% of cases in newborns with RDS, but 74% in healthy newborns (p less than 0.001). In other cases, inhibition of breathing or apnoea was the most common reaction. The expulsive component of responses such as sneezing, expiratory reaction and crying was weaker in newborns with RDS than in control infants. The inspiratory component of sneezing and coughing, on the contrary, was stronger in newborns with RDS. These results indicate that active elimination of irritants from the airways is reduced in newborns with RDS. AUJavorka K; Tomori Z; Zavarska L EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p345-9 MJReflex; Respiration; Respiratory Distress Syndrome MNApnea /PP; Cough; Crying; Infant, Newborn; Larynx /PP; Nasal Mucosa /PP; Oropharynx /PP; Sneezing MTComparative Study; Human IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001091 TIMuscle fibre types in costal and crural diaphragm in normal men and in patients with moderate chronic respiratory disease. ABHistochemical muscle fibre composition of human costal and crural diaphragm was determined in biopsies sampled during surgical procedures. Two groups were studied: 10 subjects with normal lung function and 8 patients with chronic obstructive respiratory disease. Muscle fibres were classified as type I (slow twitch) or type II (fast twitch) on the basis of their myofibrillar ATPase pH lability. There was no significant difference in fibre proportions between costal diaphragm (COD) and crural diaphragm (CRD) for both groups of subjects. Yet, in the normal group, the diameters of both types of fibres were larger in COD than in CRD. The diameters of both types of fibres of the obstructive patients were significantly decreased in COD as compared to the normals. Moreover, linear correlations between type I and II fibre diameters and VC, FEV1, FEV1/VC, and body weight were found in COD and not in CRD. The differences found in muscle fibre size support the idea that the mechanical respiratory load is different for COD and CRD, COD being the more important force generator. Chronic obstructive respiratory disease causes a significant decrease in COD fibre size but does not affect CRD. AUSanchez J ; Medrano G; Debesse B; Riquet M; Derenne JP EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p351-6 MJDiaphragm; Lung Diseases, Obstructive MNAdult; Biopsy; Histocytochemistry; Middle Age MTComparative Study; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN13392-18-2 (Fenoterol); 22254-24-6 (N-Isopropylatropine) IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001092 TIValidity of air-helium DVmax measurements in trials of bronchodilators. ABThe authors studied the intraindividual variability of DVmax50 He-air in a large homogeneous group of 57 young healthy subjects. They found a 95% confidence interval for a true change between two repeated measurements of DVmax50 of +/- 28%. They compared the discriminant power of FEV1, Vmax50 and DVmax50 in 27 asthmatic young males and 12 normal controls, challenged on different days with fenoterol and ipratropium bromide aerosols given in random order under standardized conditions. FEV1 was not able to discriminate between the effect of the drugs in the normals or asthmatics. Vmax50 increased significantly more after fenoterol than after ipratropium in the asthmatics. DVmax50 was sometimes increased after fenoterol in the asthmatics but not by ipratropium in this group. These results suggest that sympathomimetics are more active on peripheral airways than the antimuscarinics. AUMinette P; Dubois P; Delwiche JP EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p357-62 MJAsthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Respiratory Airflow MNAdult; Aerosols; Clinical Trials; Fenoterol /PD; Forced Expiratory Volume; N-Isopropylatropine /PD MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001093 TIExercise performance of subjects with ankylosing spondylitis and limited chest expansion. ABTo examine the mechanism of exercise limitation associated with chest wall restriction (CWR), we compared the ramp (1 W/3 s) exercise performance of six untrained subjects with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and six healthy subjects matched for age and body size. Subjects with AS had CWR (maximum rib cage expansion : 1.4 +/- 0.2 cm; means +/- sem). The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of AS subjects (2.15 +/- 0.2 1-stpd) was less than their predicted VO2max (2.68 +/- 0.13 1-stpd; p less than 0.03) and the measured VO2max of matched healthy subjects (2.78 +/- 0.22 1-stpd; p less than 0.03). Subjects with AS achieved 95 percent of predicted maximum heart rate, and their maximum voluntary ventilation exceeded their maximum exercise ventilation by at least 15 l X min-1 unless parenchymal pulmonary disease was present. We conclude that maximum ramp exercise performance of AS subjects with CWR is decreased. Deconditioning or cardiovascular impairment rather than ventilatory impairment appears responsible for the observed reduction of VO2max. AUElliott CG; Hill TR; Adams TE; Crapo RO; Nietrzeba RM; Gardner RM EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p363-8 MJExertion; Respiratory Airflow; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Thorax MNAdult; Aged; Heart /PP; Lung Volume Measurements; Middle Age; Oxygen Consumption; Oxygen /ME MTComparative Study; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-45-6 (Histamine) IS0395-3890 LAFrench JCBGX SBM UI86001094 TI[Effects of histamine on the pressure-volume curve of the respiratory system in the guinea pig] ABIntravenous infusion of histamine has been shown to constrict smooth muscle of alveolar ducts. In this study, we have assessed the effects of a prolonged infusion of histamine to obtain a steady state response on quasistatic pressure-volume curves (P-V curves) together with the changes in dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and conductance (G) of the respiratory system. Increasing doses of histamine were given in order to obtain the dose-response characteristics of the changes in Cdyn, G and P-V curves. In nine anesthetized guinea-pigs under mechanical ventilation, administration of histamine resulted in a fall in Cdyn and G with a decrease of 50% of initial value approximately for 150 ng X kg-1 X s-1 of histamine. Modifications of the P-V curves were characterized by a decrease in the maximal volume, and an increase in the hysteresis of the P-V loop due to the downward displacement of the inflation limb. With infusion of histamine, there was a large decrease of quasi-static compliance which appeared to account for most of the decrease in dynamic compliance. Such changes in P-V curves can be related both to a closure of alveolar ducts and to an alteration of lung distensibility. Comparison of the dose-response curves for the different parameters indicated that Cdyn and G reflect, at least in part, events occurring in the periphery of the lung. AUClerici C; Macquin I; Lhoste F; Atlan G; Harf A TT[Effets de l'histamine sur la courbe pression-volume du systeme respiratoire chez le cobaye.] EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p369-74 MJHistamine /PD; Lung Compliance; Respiratory System MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Histamine /AD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RNEC 3.4.21.11 (Pancreatopeptidase); 102-02-3 (phenyl biguanide) IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001095 TILung reflexes in anaesthetized rabbits with elastase-induced emphysema. ABThe effects of elastase-induced emphysema on vagal pulmonary reflexes were studied in seven rabbits, given 600 IU of porcine pancreatic elastase intratracheally (E group), and eight untreated rabbits (U group) under pentobarbital anaesthesia. The presence of emphysema was confirmed by histological and pathological criteria and by documented changes in lung mechanics seven months after treatment. The strength of the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex (HBIR), indicative of pulmonary stretch receptor excitability, was unchanged in the U group, but was significantly increased in the E group at inflation volumes greater than the tidal volume (VT) range, as she slope of the curve relating HBIR to inflation volume was significantly steeper (0.40 vs 0.22 ml-1; p less than 0.05). The early ventilatory response (first 3 breaths) to right atrial injections of phenyldiguanide (20 and 30 micrograms X kg-1 i.v.) was used as an indication of the excitability of lung receptors with non-myelinated vagal afferents. This response, characterized by a significant decrease in expiratory duration (TE) without effect on VT or inspiratory time (TI), was not significantly different between the E and U groups. The overall pattern of breathing in the E group showed a significant decrease in VT associated with an increase in TI. AUDelpierre S; Fornaris M; Payan MJ EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p375-80 MJLung; Pulmonary Emphysema /PP; Reflex MNBiguanides /AD /PD; Functional Residual Capacity; Pancreatopeptidase /TO; Pulmonary Emphysema /CI /PA; Rabbits; Respiration /DE; Vagus Nerve /PH MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001096 TIThe immunoperoxidase slide assay. A new method for the demonstration of surface antigens on bronchoalveolar lavage cells. ABThe immunoperoxidase slide assay (ISA) is described as a new method for the demonstration of surface markers on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells. This technique makes the unlabelled antibody enzyme method using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immune complex for labelling suitable for the evaluation of single cells. By this method, viable cells are firmly attached to poly-L-lysine coated reaction areas of siliconized glass slides. The ISA technique was found to be very useful for testing a battery of monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens on BAL cells from one specimen in parallel. This is due to the low amount of cells needed for this method. Other advantages compared to immunofluorescence techniques are the reduced costs, the possibility of a permanent documentation of the staining on the glass slide preparations, the higher sensitivity and the well preserved morphology of cells. Normal values for lymphocyte markers (OKT3/Leu-1, OKT4/Leu-3a, OKT8/Leu-2a, Leu-7, B1) and monocyte/macrophage markers (OKIa, anti-Mono, anti-IgG) are reported. AUCostabel U; Bross KJ; Matthys H EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p381-7 MJAntigens, Surface; Body Fluids; Bronchi; Pulmonary Alveoli MNAdolescence; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Body Fluids /IM; Bronchi /IM; Immunoenzyme Technics; Irrigation; Lymphocytes /IM; Macrophages /IM; Middle Age; Monocytes /IM; Pulmonary Alveoli /IM MTFemale; Human; Male IS0395-3890 LAFrench JCBGX SBM UI86001097 TI[Value of sleep polygraph examination in the etiological diagnosis of apparently inexplicable respiratory insufficiency] ABThis study describes the case of a 58 year old man who presented with an episode of acute respiratory failure and right heart decompensation. After recovery from the acute illness, hypoxaemia, hypercapnia and pulmonary arterial hypertension remained, the causes of which were not known. There was no airway obstruction, only a moderate restrictive ventilatory defect, a little weight increase and a unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. Obstructive sleep apnoea was finally suspected and confirmed by sleep recording. The obstructive sleep apnoea probably explained the respiratory insufficiency and the pulmonary hypertension. Loss of weight was associated with the disappearance of hypercapnia and pulmonary hypertension. As a result of this study, the value of sleep recording is emphasized. When respiratory failure or pulmonary hypertension seem unexplained, think of obstructive sleep apnoea. AUWeitzenblum E; Krieger J; Kopferschmitt-Kubler MC TT[Interet de l'examen polygraphique du sommeil pour le diagnostic etiologique d'insuffisances respiratoires en appearence inexpliquees.] EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p389-91 MJRespiratory Insufficiency /ET; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Sleep MNMiddle Age; Respiratory Insufficiency /DI MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male RN51-45-6 (Histamine) IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001098 TIAssessment of changes in airway calibre using the body plethysmograph. ABWe set out to assess the contribution of errors in measurement of thoracic gas volume and the relationship between volume and conductance to the estimation of airway resistance and conductance. In three subjects, errors in thoracic gas volume were smaller by a computerized than a manual method, but were not great enough to have much effect on the variability of resistance and conductance. The conductance-volume relationship was very variable in 17 subjects; from this relationship, it was possible to predict whether conductance or specific conductance would be the more variable measurement in 16 out of the 17. Conductance-volume relationships changed markedly after bronchoconstriction with histamine in one out of three subjects. Overall we found specific conductance to be the most satisfactory measurement. This measurement can be made without estimation of thoracic gas volume by closure of the mouth shutter and can, therefore, be used to follow acute changes in airway calibre. AUJames PN; Rees PJ; Chowienczyk PJ; Cochrane GM EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p393-7 MJAirway Resistance MNAdolescence; Adult; Histamine /PD; Lung Volume Measurements; Plethysmography; Total Lung Capacity MTFemale; Human; Male IS0395-3890 LAEnglish; French JCBGX SBM UI86001099 TIExercise- and hyperventilation-induced asthma. AULockhart A; Regnard J ; Dessanges JF; Florentin D; Lurie A EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p399-409 MJAsthma, Exercise-Induced; Asthma; Hyperventilation MNBody Temperature Regulation; Body Water /PH; Bronchi /PP; Mast Cells /PH; Reflex /PH; Vagus Nerve /PH MCReview MTHuman IS0007-5140 LAEnglish JCBIO UI86001100 TIThe development of the frozen section technique, the evolution of surgical biopsy, and the origins of surgical pathology. AUWright JR Jr EM8601 SOBull Hist Med (United States), Fall 1985, 59(3) p295-326 MJBiopsy; Frozen Sections; Microtomy; Pathology, Surgical MNBiopsy /HI; Germany; Great Britain; History of Medicine, 19th Cent.; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Pathology, Clinical /HI; United States MCHistorical Article MTHuman IS0007-5140 LAEnglish JCBIO UI86001101 TIThe description and diagnosis of leprosy by fourteenth-century physicians. AUDemaitre L EM8601 SOBull Hist Med (United States), Fall 1985, 59(3) p327-44 MJHistory of Medicine, Medieval; Leprosy /HI; Physicians MNEurope; Leprosy /DI /TM; Syphilis /HI /TM MCHistorical Article MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-5140 LAEnglish JCBIO UI86001102 TIMeyer, Jung, and the limits of association. AULeys R PSMeyer A; Jung CG EM8601 SOBull Hist Med (United States), Fall 1985, 59(3) p345-60 MJWord Association Tests MNHistory of Medicine, 20th Cent.; New York City; Psychiatry /HI; Psychoanalysis /HI; Switzerland MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0007-5140 LAEnglish JCBIO UI86001103 TIHunting the yellow fever germ: the principle and practice of etiological proof in late nineteenth-century America. AUWarner M EM8601 SOBull Hist Med (United States), Fall 1985, 59(3) p361-82 MJYellow Fever /HI MNBacteriology /HI; History of Medicine, 19th Cent.; United States; Yellow Fever /ET /MI MCHistorical Article IS0007-5140 LAEnglish JCBIO UI86001104 TIA case book of the Philadelphia Almshouse Infirmary. Dr. James Rush attending physician [8 October 1819 to 10 February 1820] AUPrice RM PSRush J EM8601 SOBull Hist Med (United States), Fall 1985, 59(3) p383-9 MJCharities; Hospitals, Public MNHistory of Medicine, 19th Cent.; Pennsylvania MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography MTHuman IS0007-5140 LAEnglish JCBIO UI86001105 TIDiversity and professionalism in American medical history: the AAHM in the 1980s. AUCassedy JH EM8601 SOBull Hist Med (United States), Fall 1985, 59(3) p390-4 MJHistoriography; History of Medicine; Societies MNHistory of Medicine, 20th Cent.; United States MCHistorical Article IS0007-5140 LAEnglish JCBIO UI86001106 TIOf the writing of hospital histories there is no end. An essay review. AUGuy JR EM8601 SOBull Hist Med (United States), Fall 1985, 59(3) p415-20 MJHospitals MNCharities /HI; England; History of Medicine, 19th Cent.; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Hospitals, Public /HI; Hospitals, Voluntary /HI; Minnesota MCHistorical Article IS0092-8240 LAEnglish JCBOE UI86001107 TIGrowth models (including terminal and segmental branching) for topological binary trees. AUVan Pelt J; Verwer RW EM8601 SOBull Math Biol (United States), 1985, 47(3) p323-36 MJModels, Biological; Nervous System MNDendrites /PH; Mathematics MTAnimal IS0092-8240 LAEnglish JCBOE UI86001108 TIChaotic dynamics of information processing: the ╥magic number seven plus-minus two╙ revisited. AUNicolis JS; Tsuda I EM8601 SOBull Math Biol (United States), 1985, 47(3) p343-65 MJBrain; Cognition; Information Theory; Models, Psychological MNMathematics MTHuman IS0092-8240 LAEnglish JCBOE UI86001109 TIOn the computation of the tertiary structure of globular proteins--IV. Use of secondary structure information. AUCariani P; Goel NS EM8601 SOBull Math Biol (United States), 1985, 47(3) p367-407 MJProtein Conformation; Proteins MNHemerythrin; Hemoglobins; Lampreys; Macromolecular Systems; Models, Molecular; Myoglobin; Parvalbumins; Whales MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human IS0092-8240 LAEnglish JCBOE UI86001110 TIThe extension of two-dimensional cable theory to arteries and arterioles. AUDeakin MA; Neild TO; Turner RG EM8601 SOBull Math Biol (United States), 1985, 47(3) p409-24 MJArteries; Arterioles MNMathematics; Models, Anatomic; Models, Biological MTAnimal IS0092-8240 LAEnglish JCBOE UI86001111 TIThe unidirectional flux transient as a tool for quantifying parallel diffusional pathways through membranes. Exact solution for two pathways. AUBass L EM8601 SOBull Math Biol (United States), 1985, 47(3) p425-34 MJMembranes; Models, Biological MNDiffusion; Mathematics; Solutions MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't LAEnglish JCBQF UI86001112 TIEndodontics--a perspective. AUDiamond MH EM8601 SOBull Ninth Dist Dent Soc (United States), May 1985, 69(2) p56-8 MJEndodontics MNRoot Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Therapy /TD IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001114 TIThe geriatric medical education imperative. AUWilliams TF EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p471-7 MJGeriatrics MNUnited States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001115 TIThe Institute of Medicine Report on Aging and Medical Education--1984 update. AUBeeson PB EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p478-83 MJEducation, Medical; Geriatrics MNFinancing, Government; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); United States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001116 TIGeriatrics and medical education--initiatives of the Association of American Medical Colleges. AUJohnson JE 3d EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p484-91 MJGeriatrics; Hospitals, Teaching; Schools, Medical MNAged; Education, Medical; Long Term Care; United States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001117 TIEducation in the care of the elderly. AUArie TH EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p492-500 MJGeriatrics MNAged; Curriculum; England; Geriatric Psychiatry /ED MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001118 TIMedical education in geriatrics: ethical and social concerns. AUFreedman ML EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p501-5 MJEducation, Medical; Ethics, Medical; Geriatrics; Social Responsibility MNAged; United States MTFemale; Human IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001119 TIThe role of nonphysicians in the training of physicians. AUDobrof R EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p506-13 MJEducation, Medical; Geriatrics; Health Manpower MNAged; Public Assistance; Schools, Medical; United States MTFemale; Human IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001120 TIBiomedical research training as an apotheosis for geriatric education, with comments on the dogma of geriatrics and cost containment. AUWeksler ME; Durmaskin SC EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p514-9 MJEducation, Medical; Geriatrics /ED; Research MNAged; Cost Control; Geriatrics /EC; United States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001121 TIEducation in the clinical years: delusion or reality. AUVivell S; Robbins AS; Solomon DH; Beck JC EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p520-33 MJClinical Clerkship; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Geriatrics MNFamily Practice /ED; Geriatric Psychiatry /ED; Internal Medicine /ED; United States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001122 TIResidency training in geriatric medicine--1984. AUCalkins E EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p534-46 MJGeriatrics; Internship and Residency MNFamily Practice /ED; Internal Medicine /ED; United States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001123 TIFellowships in geriatrics. AULibow LS; Cassel CK EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p547-57 MJFellowships and Scholarships; Geriatrics MNGeriatric Psychiatry /ED; Internal Medicine /ED; United States MTFemale; Human; Male IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001124 TIContinuing medical education and geriatrics. AUWessler S EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p558-64 MJEducation, Medical, Continuing; Geriatrics MNAged; United States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001125 TIGeriatric medical education imperative. AUButler RN EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p565-72 MJEducation, Medical; Geriatrics MNAged; United States MTFemale; Human IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001126 TIEducating for caring. AUEisdorfer C EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p573-9 MJDelivery of Health Care; Geriatrics MNAged; United States MTFemale; Human IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001127 TIStatement on geriatric medical education. EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p580-1 MJEducation, Medical; Geriatrics MNAged; United States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001128 TIPreventive medicine in the aged [editorial] AUBerger EY EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p582-4 MJAged; Preventive Medicine MNUnited States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001129 TIStatement and recommendations concerning the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner. EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p585-98 MJForensic Medicine MNAutopsy; Budgets; Forensic Medicine /EC /HI; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; New York City; Salaries and Fringe Benefits MCHistorical Article MTComparative Study; Human IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001130 TIStatement on resuscitative intervention for patients who have suffered in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest: the issue of Do Not Resuscitate orders. EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p599-608 MJHeart Arrest; Resuscitation MNHospitalization; Legislation, Medical MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001131 TIReport of the Subcommittee on Professional Medical Conduct in New York State. EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p604-8 MJEthics, Medical; Physicians MNNew York MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001132 TIBenign nerve tumors of the upper extremity. AULouis DS; Hankin FM EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Sep 1985, 61(7) p611-20 MJArm; Neurilemmoma; Neurofibroma MNAdult; Hamartoma /PA; Hemangioma /PA; Lipoma /PA; Median Nerve /PA; Neurilemmoma /SU; Neurofibroma /SU; Peripheral Nerve Neoplasms /PA MTFemale; Human IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001133 TINew concepts in suture selection and technical approaches in gynecological surgery. AUDuvivier R EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Sep 1985, 61(7) p621-8 MJGenital Diseases, Female; Sutures MNCatgut; Peritoneum /PH; Wound Healing MTFemale; Human IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001134 TIThe management of neck nodes in head and neck cancer: a surgeon's view. AUSpiro RH EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Sep 1985, 61(7) p629-37 MJHead and Neck Neoplasms; Lymph Nodes MNBiopsy, Needle; Head and Neck Neoplasms /SU; Lymph Nodes /PA; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neck; Prognosis; Radical Neck Dissection MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001135 TIVascular trauma. AUPerry MO EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Sep 1985, 61(7) p638-49 MJArteries MNAngiography; Arm /BS; Arteries /SU; Carotid Arteries /IN; Innominate Artery /IN; Leg /BS; Postoperative Care; Subclavian Artery /IN; Wounds and Injuries /DI MTHuman RN15078-28-1 (Nitroprusside); 52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001136 TIIntracranial pressure changes during infusions of verapamil as compared with sodium nitroprusside. AUThiagarajah S; Azar I; Lear E; Albert D EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Sep 1985, 61(7) p650-6 MJFerricyanides; Intracranial Pressure; Nitroprusside; Verapamil MNBlood Pressure /DE; Cats; Heart Rate /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001137 TIJohnson and Boswell: ╥vile melancholy╙ and ╥the hypochondriack╙. AUOber WB PSJohnson S; Boswell J EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Sep 1985, 61(7) p657-78 MJDepressive Disorder; Hypochondriasis; Literature, Modern; Medicine in Literature MNDictionaries; England; History of Medicine, 16th Cent.; History of Medicine, 17th Cent.; History of Medicine, 18th Cent.; Scotland; Semantics MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography MTHuman; Male RN52-67-5 (Penicillamine); 7440-57-5 (Gold) IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001152 TIArthritis in children. ABChronic arthritis in children is uncommon. Careful clinical and laboratory studies over many years have defined subgroups of disease that have their characteristic pattern of joint development and disease course. The prognosis for children who have arthritis is generally excellent but it may take years of care by a variety of specialists to achieve optimum results. AUCraft AW EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p188-94 MJArthritis /DI MNAnti-Inflammatory Agents /TU; Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid /DI /TH; Arthritis /CO /TH; Child, Preschool; Child; Chronic Disease; Combined Modality Therapy; Gold /TU; Joints /SU; Penicillamine /TU; Physical Therapy; Prognosis; Psoriasis /DI /TH; Spondylitis, Ankylosing /DI /TH MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male RN37341-29-0 (IgE) IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001153 TIAsthma in childhood. ABFor the majority of children with asthma treatment is simple and effective and they can lead normal active lives. Unfortunately, many cases of asthma go unrecognized or undertreated, leading to much chronic ill health and missed schooling. The mechanisms underlying asthma and some basic approaches to diagnosis and management are outlined in this article. AUReiser J EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p196-204 MJAsthma /ET MNAdrenergic Beta Receptor Agonists /TU; Airway Resistance; Asthma /DI /TH; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchi /PP; Bronchodilator Agents /TU; Child; Combined Modality Therapy /MT; Desensitization, Immunologic; Hypersensitivity, Immediate /DI /IM /TH; IgE /IM; Lung /RA; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Therapy /MT MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001154 TIDeafness in children. ABEarly detection of deafness is important for rehabilitation and diagnosis. In spite of prompt treatment the effects of deafness on language and learning can be devastating. The scope of hearing aids is advancing all the time, but the severely deaf child will never be able to obtain anything but rudimentary auditory input. As deaf children and their parents become more aware of the risks of genetic deafness, an aetiology should be established wherever possible. AUSnashall SE EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p205-9 MJDeafness MNAudiometry /MT; Behavior; Child, Preschool; Counseling; Deafness /RH; Diagnosis, Differential; Hearing Aids; Hearing Loss, Conductive /DI /RH; Hearing Tests /MT; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Language Development; Learning MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001155 TIThe preparation of saphenous veins for coronary artery bypass grafts. ABCoronary grafting is the commonest operation nowadays performed in the Western world. Its success depends on the quality of the vein harvested; this task should be the duty of the most skilled surgeon of the team. This article lays down a rational quick efficient and successful technique so that the coordinated simultaneous procedures necessary in the early phase of a coronary graft operation result in an excellent vein in good time for its implantation in the heart. AUBehl PR EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p210-5 MJAortocoronary Bypass; Saphenous Vein /TR MNIntraoperative Care /MT; Postoperative Care /MT; Postoperative Complications /OC; Preoperative Care /MT; Saphenous Vein /AH MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001156 TIStress ulceration in the critically ill patient. ABStress ulceration is common in patients receiving intensive care. Its cause is ill defined, life threatening complications are rare but the use of H2 antagonists and antacids in prophylaxis is widespread. The development of haemorrhage and perforation appears to be related to a group of risk factors of which sepsis may be the most important. AUKnight A; Bihari D; Tinker J EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p216-9 MJCritical Care; Peptic Ulcer; Stress, Psychological MNAntacids /AE /TU; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Mucosa /BS /SE; Histamine H2 Receptor Blockaders /AE /TU; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage /PC; Peptic Ulcer /PC /PP; Risk; Stress, Psychological /PP MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001157 TIGetting a job: the interview. ABThe interview is a vital part of the process of selecting the best candidate for a hospital post from many suitable ones. Most doctors should be able to develop an interview technique that does justice to all their qualities. AUHobbs KE EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p220-2 MJInterviews; Personnel Management; Personnel Selection MNMedical Staff, Hospital MTHuman IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001158 TIYour accounts. Private practice--7. AUHepburn PF EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p234, 236 MJAccounting; Private Practice MNCosts and Cost Analysis; Great Britain; State Medicine; Taxes; Travel IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001159 TIBackache [letter] AUChalmers J EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p238 MJBackache MNMyelography MTHuman IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001160 TIManpower and training [letter] AUJones ES EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p238 MJInternal Medicine /MA MNGreat Britain; Internal Medicine /ED IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001161 TIRefuge in the private sector [letter] AUChamberlain G EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p238 MJPrivate Practice; Schools, Medical MNGreat Britain IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001162 TIThe Scrooge issue [letter] AUPatten J EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p238 MJState Medicine MNGreat Britain RN50-56-6 (Oxytocin); 58-82-2 (Bradykinin) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001163 TIThe selective antagonism of bradykinin action on rat isolated uterus by crude Mandevilla velutina extract. ABA crude aqueous alcoholic extract of Mandevilla velutina (Apocynaceae) rhizomes produced a concentration-dependent displacement to the right of the concentration-response curve to bradykinin (Bk) in the isolated uterus of the rat. Schild analysis of the data revealed a linear relationship (r = 0.99) and yielded a pA2 value of 3.3 + 0.08 (- log g ml-1) but the slope differed significantly from unity. The anti-Bk action was of rapid onset and was reversible upon washout. Contractions induced by acetylcholine, oxytocin, angiotensin II and BaCl2 were unaffected by the extract. This represents the first report of a selective Bk antagonist of plant origin. The isolation of the active principle(s) may result in a useful pharmacological tool for elucidating the physiological and physiopathological roles of endogenous Bk. AUCalixto JB; Nicolau M; Yunes RA EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p729-31 MJBradykinin; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Uterus MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Oxytocin /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN10361-37-2 (barium chloride); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 59-96-1 (Phenoxybenzamine); 7440-39-3 (Barium) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001165 TISimultaneous measurement of contractile effects in the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens by drugs perfused externally or via the lumen. ABThe effects of noradrenaline and barium chloride were studied in the rat isolated vas deferens by perfusion of drugs either externally or through the lumen of the organ. Two effects were recorded simultaneously in the same preparation: (a) isometric contractions, due to the tension elicited by drugs on the external (longitudinal) smooth muscle layer and (b) pressure of internal perfusion, due to contractions of the internal (circular) smooth muscle layer. It was found with the longitudinal muscle that: (a) the potency, expressed as pD2 values, and the maximum response to noradrenaline were lower if the drug was perfused internally rather than externally; (b) the differences in maximum effects were pronounced on the prostatic half but were not observed on the epididymal half; (c) the maximum response obtained by internal perfusion could be increased by simultaneously adding the same dose of drug externally; (d) when barium chloride was used instead of noradrenaline no significant differences were observed on pD2 values, but differences on maximal responses were similar to that observed for noradrenaline; (e) it was possible to block completely the effect of internal or external noradrenaline on the longitudinal muscle, by perfusing external phenoxybenzamine. In these conditions the responses of the circular muscle to the agonist were only partly blocked. With the circular muscle, the differences related to internal and external perfusion were less marked than in the longitudinal muscle. However, unlike the latter, the circular layer was slightly more sensitive to drugs applied internally, in relation to pD2 values. It is suggested that the difference in pD2 values may be due to the removal of noradrenaline by the neuronal uptake process, whereas the difference in maximal effect is due to the inaccessibility of part of the receptor population when drugs are added through the lumen. AUBusatto PA; Jurkiewicz A EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p737-46 MJBarium /PD; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Norepinephrine /PD; Vas Deferens MNBarium /AD; Diffusion; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Norepinephrine /AD; Perfusion; Phenoxybenzamine /PD; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN58-73-1 (Diphenhydramine); 60-87-7 (Promethazine); 91-84-9 (Pyrilamine) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001166 TIEffects of H1-receptor blocking drugs on the frog sartorius neuromuscular junction. ABThe effects of H1-receptor blocking agents, pyrilamine, promethazine, and diphenhydramine, on the amplitude and time course of endplate potentials (e.p.ps) were studied in the sartorius muscles of frogs. H1-receptor blockers (10(-5)-10(-4) M) reduced the amplitude of e.p.ps recorded intracellularly without affecting the resting membrane potential. The acetylcholine potential was decreased by perfusion of H1-receptor blockers. However, when the muscle fibre was stimulated directly, threshold and magnitude of action potential were not affected by H1-receptor blockers. The time constant of decay of the e.p.ps recorded extracellularly was reduced by H1-receptor blockers and the decay remained exponential with a single time constant. The quantal content was not reduced by perfusion of H1-receptor blockers at a concentration of 10(-4) M. It is assumed that the major site of action of these H1-receptor blocking agents is at the postsynaptic membrane. AUKatayama S; Tasaka K EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p747-53 MJAminopyridines; Diphenhydramine; Neuromuscular Junction; Promethazine; Pyrilamine; Receptors, Histamine H1; Receptors, Histamine MNAction Potentials /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Conductivity; Electrophysiology; Membrane Potentials /DE; Perfusion; Ranidae; Time Factors MTAnimal RN1183-35-3 (dihydroouabain); 50-55-5 (Reserpine); 630-60-4 (Ouabain); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001167 TIPotassium changes the relationship between receptor occupancy and the inotropic effect of cardiac glycosides in guinea-pig myocardium. ABK+ (2.4-15.6 mmol l-1) antagonized the positive inotropic effect of dihydro-ouabain. The concentration-effect curves became steeper with the shift to higher concentrations of the glycoside. At 1.2 mmol l-1 Ca2+, an increase in K+ from 2.4 to 12 mmol l-1 required tenfold higher concentrations of dihydro-ouabain to produce equal inotropic effects. This factor was reduced to four at 3.2 mmol l-1 Ca2+. The same change in K+ concentration, at 1.2 mmol l-1 Ca2+, diminished the inotropic effect of ouabain on rested-state contractions by a factor of six. The positive inotropic effect of Ca2+ was also antagonized by K+ (1.2-12 mmol l-1). Reduction of Na+ from 140 to 70 mmol l-1 abolished the antagonistic action of K+ (1.2-8.0 mmol l-1). Moreover the inotropic effect of Ca2+ was enhanced. Reduction of Na+, from 140 to 70 mmol l-1, antagonized the positive inotropic effect of dihydro-ouabain more at low (2.4 mmol l-1) than at high (8.0 mmol l-1) K+. Accordingly, the extent of the dihydro-ouabain-K+ antagonism was reduced. When the K+ concentration was increased from 2.4 to 12 mmol l-1, [3H]-ouabain binding was reduced by a factor of three. This is less than the reduction in the inotropic effectiveness of ouabain or dihydro-ouabain. Reduction of stimulation frequency from 1 to 0.1215 Hz did not significantly alter the antagonistic effect of K+. Diminution of Vmax of the action potential was observed only at K+ concentrations greater than 5.9 mmol l-1, whereas the resting membrane potential was continuously depolarized over the entire range of K+ concentrations. The results support the view that the reduction in receptor affinity cannot be the sole cause of the antagonism between the glycoside and K+. Impairment of passive Na+ influx during diastole, due to the K+-dependent depolarization of the resting membrane potential, contributed to about one half of the glycoside-K+ antagonism. AUBachmaier A; Ebner F; Reiter M EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p755-65 MJCardiac Glycosides; Myocardial Contraction; Potassium MNCalcium /ME; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Kinetics; Ouabain /AA /PD; Reserpine /PD; Sodium /ME; Stimulation, Chemical MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 39562-70-4 (nitrendipine); 42399-41-7 (Diltiazem); 56-53-1 (Diethylstilbestrol); 60-00-4 (EDTA); 66085-59-4 (nimodipine); 67-42-5 (EGTA); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001168 TICharacterization of [3H]-nitrendipine binding to uterine smooth muscle plasma membrane and its relevance to inhibition of calcium entry. ABSpecific, high affinity (KD = 164 pM) binding of the Ca channel inhibitor [3H]-nitrendipine was identified in plasma membrane-enriched fractions from the rat myometrium. Although dihydropyridines effectively competed for [3H]-nitrendipine binding sites, both verapamil and D600 were poor competitors. Diltiazem (10 microM) increased [3H]-nitrendipine binding by about 40%, but had no effect on binding affinity. Among several other drugs tested, diethylstilboestrol (DES) caused a considerable inhibition of binding, with an IC50 value of 4 microM. Both La3+ and EDTA (or EGTA) inhibited binding. The inhibition by the latter could be overcome by the addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+. A clear relationship was found between [3H]-nitrendipine binding and 5-nucleotidase activity in the various subcellular fractions. Data on K+-stimulated Ca2+ influx in the intact uterine strips showed a good agreement between the inhibition by both nitrendipine and DES of stimulated Ca influx and their inhibitory effect on [3H]-nitrendipine binding to plasma membrane. This type of correlation was lacking in the case of D600. These results suggest that Ca channels in the myometrial membrane possess multiple sites at which different drugs can act to block these channels. AUBatra S EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p767-74 MJCalcium; Ion Channels; Muscle, Smooth; Nifedipine; Uterus MNBinding, Competitive; Cell Fractionation; Cell Membrane /ME; Diethylstilbestrol /ME; Diltiazem /PD; EDTA /PD; EGTA /PD; Nicotinic Acids /ME; Nifedipine /ME; Potassium /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN2609-46-3 (Amiloride); 363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 53-86-1 (Indomethacin); 56092-81-0 (ionomycin); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 83-89-6 (Quinacrine) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001169 TIProstaglandin release mediates drug-induced stimulation of sodium transport in frog skin: the effects of quinacrine. ABQuinacrine markedly increased the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) into the basolateral solution of the bullfrog skin from a control value of 32.7 +/- 21.7 pg per 20 min period to a stimulated value of 8593.1 +/- 4112.3 pg per 20 min period. Quinacrine increased the amiloride-sensitive short circuit current from 20.7 +/- 2.1 microA cm-2 to 45.4 +/- 6.5 microA cm-2. The stimulatory effects of quinacrine on both short circuit current and prostaglandin release were blocked in skins pretreated with indomethacin (10(-6) M). Quinacrine did not block either the stimulation of the short circuit current or the increase in PGE2 release caused by the calcium ionophore, ionomycin. These results suggest: (a) the release of PGE2 and the stimulation of the short circuit current caused by quinacrine are linked since blocking PGE2 release inhibits the stimulation of the short circuit current; (b) given the complexity of its actions, quinacrine is a poor tool to examine whether the effects of a given agent are mediated through the activation of endogenous phospholipases. In addition our results taken together with other findings in the literature suggest that there is a diverse group of compounds that stimulate transepithelial sodium transport by releasing PGE2. AUErlij D; Gersten L EM8601 ID5R01AM2406406 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p775-81 MJProstaglandins; Quinacrine; Skin /ME; Sodium MNAmiloride /PD; Biological Transport, Active /DE; Ethers /PD; Indomethacin /PD; Prostaglandins E /ME; Rana Catesbeiana; Skin /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN300-54-9 (Muscarine); 4780-69-2 (muscarone) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001170 TIAffinity and efficacy correlate with chemical structure more than potency does in a series of pentatomic cyclic muscarinic agonists. ABThe efficacy and affinity of nine pentatomic cyclic muscarinic agonists were determined on the guinea-pig ileum, according to the method of Furchgott & Bursztyn (1967). The efficacy and affinity of these agonists are affected differently by structural modifications. Our results suggest that a strong dipole oriented in the same direction as that of the hydroxy group of muscarine, or the presence of a polarizable atom in the same position, are important for efficacy. AUAngeli P; Brasili L; Giannella M; Gualtieri F; Pigini M EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p783-6 MJParasympathomimetics MNChemistry; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Ileum /DE; Mathematics; Muscarine /AA /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN15826-37-6 (Disodium Cromoglycate); 51762-95-9 (doxantrazole); 53-86-1 (Indomethacin); 55837-27-9 (piretanide); 58974-93-9 (FPL-52694); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 91-84-9 (Pyrilamine) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001171 TIImmediate hypersensitivity reactions in epithelia from rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. ABColonic epithelia from rats infected with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis have been studied under short circuit conditions and in response to challenge with worm antigen. Challenge from the serosal but not the mucosal side with antigen caused a transient increase in inwardly directed short circuit current. No effects were observed in comparable tissues from noninfected animals. Simultaneous measurements of short circuit current and of the fluxes of sodium or chloride ions showed there was an increase in electrogenic chloride secretion and an inhibition of electroneutral sodium chloride absorption, associated with antigen challenge. This result, together with the inhibitory effects of piretanide on the response to antigen challenge, indicate that chloride ions are a major carrier of the short circuit current response. However, the equivalence of the biophysical response to ion fluxes was not established, there being an excess of chloride secretion. The mast cell stabilizing agent, FPL 52694, significantly inhibited the current responses to antigen, while cromoglycate and doxantrazole were ineffective. Mepyramine, an H1-receptor antagonist, and indomethacin, an inhibitor of fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase, were without effect on the responses to antigen challenge. Anti-rat IgE produced qualitatively similar responses to antigen in both normal and sensitized colonic epithelia. However, the responses were significantly greater in tissues derived from infected animals. Maximally effective antigen concentrations prevented subsequent responses to anti-rat IgE in sensitized tissues, while anti-rat IgE only attenuated the responses to antigen. The ways in which antigen challenge modifies epithelial function is discussed, particularly in relation to its possible role in promoting rejection of the nematodes during secondary infection. AUBaird AW; Cuthbert AW; Pearce FL EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p787-95 MJColon /PS; Hypersensitivity, Immediate /PS; Nematode Infections MNChlorides /ME; Chromones /PD; Colon /CY; Disodium Cromoglycate /PD; Electric Conductivity; Epithelium /PS; Hypersensitivity, Immediate /CO; IgG /IM; Indomethacin /PD; Mast Cells /DE; Nippostrongylus; Pyrilamine /PD; Rats; Sodium /ME; Sulfonamides /PD; Thioxanthenes /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN19216-56-9 (Prazosin); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 54-11-5 (Nicotine) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001172 TIEffect of nicotine on blood flow, oxygen consumption and glucose uptake in the canine small intestine. ABResting blood flow, arterio-venous glucose and oxygen (A-V)O2 differences, glucose uptake and oxygen consumption by a segment of the upper jejunum were measured in anaesthetized dogs. Systemic arterial pressure was also measured. The effect of nicotine infusion (25 micrograms kg-1 i.v., over 10 min) on these measurements was recorded in untreated dogs, in dogs treated with propranolol (0.5 mg kg-1) to produce beta-adrenoceptor blockade and in dogs after alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade with prazosin (0.2 mg kg-1). Nicotine cause a significant pressor response during infusion and a hypotensive response during the post infusion period. Propranolol did not significantly affect these results. Jejunal blood flow increased in the first half of nicotine infusion in both the untreated and beta-blocked animals. Vascular resistance was reduced during nicotine infusion and the decrease persisted post infusion in the beta-blocked group. In the untreated group (A-V)O2 was significantly reduced during the first 5 min of nicotine infusion, thereafter it returned to control levels, then rose significantly above control level, post infusion. beta-Adrenoceptor blockade had little effect on these responses to nicotine. When oxygen consumption was calculated it was found that nicotine had little effect during or after infusion. Nicotine caused significant hyperglycaemia during and for about 1 h after infusion. Tissue release of glucose was occasionally observed following the infusion. beta-Adrenoceptor blockade reduced the hyperglycaemia caused by nicotine. beta-Blockade alone increased uptake and nicotine caused a further three to four fold increase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUGrayson J; Oyebola DD EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p797-804 MJGlucose; Intestine, Small /ME; Nicotine /PD; Oxygen Consumption MNBlood Glucose /ME; Blood Pressure /DE; Dogs; Injections, Intravenous; Intestine, Small /DE; Nicotine /AD; Prazosin /PD; Propranolol /PD; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Vascular Resistance /DE MTAnimal RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 465-65-6 (Naloxone); 51-84-3 (Acetylcholine); 54-11-5 (Nicotine); 57-27-2 (Morphine); 58569-55-4 (Enkephalin, Methionine); 58822-25-6 (Enkephalin, Leucine); 63631-40-3 (enkephalin-Leu, Ala(2); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-39-3 (Barium) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001173 TIOpioid inhibition of synaptic transmission in the guinea-pig myenteric plexus. ABIntracellular recordings were made from neurones in the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig ileum. Presynaptic nerves were excited by a focal stimulating electrode on an interganglionic strand. Fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (e.p.s.ps) were depressed in amplitude by morphine and [Met5]enkephalin in the concentration range of 1 nM-1 microM. Nicotinic depolarizations evoked by exogenously applied acetylcholine (ACh) were not affected by these opioids. Hyperpolarization of the presynaptic fibres probably contributed to the depression of the fast e.p.s.p. because fast e.p.s.ps evoked by low stimulus voltages were more depressed than those evoked by high stimulus voltages and fast e.p.s.ps resulting from activation of a single presynaptic fibre were blocked in a non-graded manner. Opioids depressed the slow e.p.s.p. in those neurones in which they did not change the resting membrane potential. The slow e.p.s.p. was increased in amplitude in those neurones hyperpolarized by opioids. Depolarizations resulting from application of barium, substance P or ACh were also enhanced by opioids. Equivalent circuit models in which opioids increase, and substance P or ACh decrease, the same potassium conductance could account for this enhancement. The actions of opioids were prevented or reversed by naloxone (1 nM-1 microM). It is concluded that morphine and enkephalin inhibit the release of ACh and a non-cholinergic transmitter from fibres of the myenteric plexus, and that this may involve a hyperpolarization of presynaptic fibres. Additionally, opioids can interact postsynaptically with other substances which affect membrane potassium conductances. AUCherubini E; Morita K; North RA EM8601 IDAM/NS 32979; DA03160 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p805-17 MJEndorphins; Myenteric Plexus; Neural Transmission MNAcetylcholine /PD; Action Potentials /DE; Barium /PD; Electric Conductivity; Enkephalin, Leucine /AA /PD; Enkephalin, Methionine /PD; Guinea Pigs; Ileum /IR; Morphine /PD; Naloxone /PD; Nicotine /PD; Potassium /ME; Substance P /PD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium); 52665-69-7 (A-23187); 60-00-4 (EDTA); 630-60-4 (Ouabain); 67-42-5 (EGTA); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001174 TITransmembrane sodium and potassium gradients modulate histamine secretion induced by ionophore A23187. ABHistamine secretion was induced from rat peritoneal mast cells by calcium ionophore A23187 in the presence of various extracellular calcium concentrations. Transmembrane sodium and potassium gradients were altered by cold pretreatment of mast cells or through the inhibition of sodium-potassium ATPase by the use of ouabain or potassium-deprivation. Such pretreatments led to a parallel shift to the left of the extracellular calcium concentration-histamine secretion curve, i.e. to an apparent decrease of extracellular calcium requirement for the ionophore-induced histamine release. These effects were fully reversed by warming mast cells, by washing out ouabain or by adding potassium. Metabolic inhibition of mast cells prevented the ionophore-induced secretion in all the experimental conditions described. Secretion observed in the absence of added calcium was inhibited by short term treatment of cells with 5 X 10(-6) M EGTA or EDTA provided magnesium was absent from the assay medium. Data show that ionophore A23187 was able to induce secretion in the presence of micromolar concentrations of extracellular calcium, when the efficiency of the ionophore was not decreased by extracellular magnesium and when transmembrane sodium and potassium gradients were altered. AUAmellal M; Bronner C; Landry Y EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p819-26 MJA-23187; Histamine Liberation; Potassium; Sodium MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /ME; Calcium /PD; Cold; Compound 48-80 /PD; Digitalis Glycosides /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; EDTA /PD; EGTA /PD; Mast Cells /DE; Ouabain /PD; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-61-6 (Dopamine); 54-11-5 (Nicotine); 60-40-2 (Mecamylamine); 69-27-2 (Chlorisondamine) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001175 TIElectrophysiological actions of nicotine on substantia nigra single units. ABExtracellular recordings of single unit activity were made in the substantia nigra (SN) of chloral hydrate-anaesthetized rats. Dopaminergic neurones of the pars compacta (SNC) were stimulated by (-)-nicotine bitartrate (1.0 mg kg-1) given subcutaneously (s.c.). This action was prevented by the secondary amine mecamylamine HCl (2.0 mg kg-1 i.v.) but not by a ganglion-blocking dose of the bisquaternary compound chlorisondamine Cl (0.1 mg kg-1 i.v.). Mecamylamine reduced the spontaneous activity of dopaminergic neurones. Nicotine, when administered intravenously (2-128 micrograms kg-1 cumulative dose), also stimulated dopamine cells and this action was dose-related. Nicotine, administered intravenously, (2-128 micrograms kg-1 cumulative dose) markedly excited non-dopamine cells in the pars reticulata (SNR) in a dose-related manner. In rats pretreated with chlorisondamine (0.1 mg kg-1 i.v.), nicotine induced a small excitatory or depressant action, but the marked excitation was not seen. Mecamylamine (2 mg kg-1 i.v.) completely prevented the actions of nicotine. The results are consistent with a direct excitatory action of nicotine on dopaminergic neurones of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The pronounced excitatory action of systemically administered nicotine on non-dopamine cells of the pars reticulata appears to be of peripheral origin. AUClarke PB; Hommer DW; Pert A; Skirboll LR EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p827-35 MJNeurons /PH; Nicotine /PD; Substantia Nigra /PH MNChlorisondamine /PD; Dopamine /AN; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Injections, Intravenous; Mecamylamine /PD; Neurons /DE; Nicotine /AD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Substantia Nigra /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-45-6 (Histamine); 66357-35-5 (Ranitidine); 76956-02-0 (loxtidine) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001177 TIPharmacological basis for the induction of gastric carcinoid tumours in the rat by loxtidine, an insurmountable histamine H2-receptor blocking drug. ABThe very late occurrence of gastric carcinoids in a life-span carcinogenicity study with loxtidine in the rat might have resulted from continuous achlorhydria induced by this long-acting unsurmountable histamine H2-antagonist. The nature of the anti-secretory activity of loxtidine was compared with that of ranitidine on histamine-induced acid secretion in the perfused stomach preparation of the rat and in the rat isolated gastric mucosa preparation. Ranitidine and loxtidine had qualitatively different inhibitory effects on acid secretion, ranitidine being a competitive antagonist of histamine even at high concentrations, whereas the effect of loxtidine on both preparations was unsurmountable at relatively low concentrations. These results support the hypothesis that the late formation of gastric carcinoids in rats receiving loxtidine is a consequence of persistent achlorhydria caused by unsurmountable blockade of parietal cell H2-receptors. AUBrittain RT; Jack D; Reeves JJ; Stables R EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p843-7 MJCarcinoid Tumor; Receptors, Histamine H2; Receptors, Histamine; Stomach Neoplasms; Triazoles MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gastric Acid /SE; Histamine /PD; Ranitidine /PD; Rats MTAnimal; Female RNEC 1.14.99.1 (Prostaglandin Synthase); EC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 0 (thromboxane receptor); 119-36-8 (methyl salicylate); 36504-64-0 (nictindole); 54397-85-2 (Thromboxane B2); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 7771-44-0 (arachidonic acid); 78218-09-4 (dazoxiben) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001178 TIPlatelet desensitization induced by arachidonic acid is not due to cyclo-oxygenase inactivation and involves the endoperoxide receptor. ABHuman platelets pre-exposed to arachidonic acid (AA) (0.1-1 mM) or to the endoperoxide analogue U46619 (1-3 microM) and then washed and resuspended, failed to respond with aggregation or secretion to a second challenge by either agonist. The response to thrombin at low (0.04-0.1 u ml-1) but not at high (2.5 u ml-1) concentrations was also inhibited by pre-exposure to AA and U46619. The ability of platelets to synthesize thromboxane (Tx) B2 from AA or upon challenge with thrombin persisted despite platelet desensitization. In the presence of the reversible cyclo-oxygenase (CO) inhibitors methyl salicylate (MS) or L8027, pre-exposure to AA had no effect on subsequent challenge by the same agonist or by U46619, whereas platelet desensitization by pre-exposure to U46619 persisted. However, platelet activation by, and desensitization to AA and U46619, was prevented by trimetoquinol and compound L636499, two thromboxane/endoperoxide receptor antagonists. In contrast to the CO inhibitors, the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben, which in 3 'responders' out of 5 subjects suppressed aggregation, secretion, and Tx formation induced by AA, failed to prevent AA-induced desensitization. Compared to quiescent cells the distances between platelets desensitized after re-exposure to AA were reduced in electron microscopy, but the tight connections associated with aggregated cells were not observed. Degranulation was also not observed and cell morphology resembled that of normal quiescent platelets. In conclusion, (a) AA and U46619 desensitize human platelets at a similar site sensitive to prostaglandin/thromboxane receptor antagonists, and show cross-desensitization; (b) desensitization by AA appears to be mediated by a CO-dependent metabolite, as CO inhibitors prevent desensitization by AA but not to U46619; (c) the failure of dazoxiben to prevent desensitization by AA suggests that a metabolite other than TxA2, possibly the endoperoxides, mediates the phenomenon; (d) desensitization does not involve inactivation of CO or thromboxane synthetase enzymes. AUCarmo LG; Hatmi M; Rotilio D; Vargaftig BB EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p849-59 MJArachidonic Acids; Blood Platelets; Prostaglandin Synthase; Receptors, Endogenous Substances; Receptors, Prostaglandin MNAdenosine Triphosphate /ME; Blood Platelets /UL; Imidazoles /PD; Indoles /PD; Microscopy, Electron; Platelet Aggregation /DE; Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic /PD; Salicylates /PD; Thrombin /PD; Thromboxane B2 /BI MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN4368-28-9 (Tetrodotoxin); 437-38-7 (Fentanyl); 465-65-6 (Naloxone); 51-84-3 (Acetylcholine); 53-86-1 (Indomethacin); 57-27-2 (Morphine); 58569-55-4 (Enkephalin, Methionine); 71195-58-9 (alfentanyl); 72957-38-1 (dynorphin (1-13); 74913-18-1 (Dynorphin) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001179 TIContractor responses of the isolated colon of the mouse to morphine and some opioid peptides. ABMorphine (1 X 10(-8) - 1 X 10(-4)M), fentanyl (1 X 10(-9) - 1 X 10(-5)M) and alfentanyl (1 X 10(-10) - 1 X 10(-5)M) as well as methionine enkephalin [Met5]enkephalin (1 X 10(-11) - 1 X 10(-8)M), [D-Ala2, Met5]enkephalin (1 X 10(-12) - 1 X 10(-8)M) and dynorphin A(1 - 13) (1 X 10(-9) - 1 X 10(-6)M) caused a contractor response of the longitudinal musculature of the terminal colon of the mouse. These effects were competitively antagonized by naloxone. The pA2 values obtained for naloxone antagonism of morphine and opioid peptides and the high sensitivity of the preparation to enkephalins suggest the presence of delta-opiate receptors in this preparation but mu- and kappa-receptors may also be present. Opiate-induced contractions in the mouse colon were abolished by tetrodotoxin and after incubation with indomethacin. It is concluded that the excitatory actions of the opiates in the mouse colon are mediated via opiate receptors located on nerves which do not release acetylcholine, noradrenaline or 5-hydroxytryptamine. The opiates may produce their action by removing an inhibitory neural influence (the nature of which remains to be elucidated) allowing a prostaglandin-mediated effect to predominate, thereby increasing muscle tone. AUFontaine J; Reuse J EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p861-7 MJColon; Endorphins; Morphine MNAcetylcholine /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphin /PD; Enkephalin, Methionine /PD; Fentanyl /AA /PD; Gastrointestinal Motility /DE; Indomethacin /PD; Mice; Naloxone /PD; Peptide Fragments /PD; Tetrodotoxin /PD; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1191-85-1 (5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid); 15078-28-1 (Nitroprusside); 55-65-2 (Guanethidine); 7361-61-7 (Xylazine); 745-65-3 (Alprostadil); 83-89-6 (Quinacrine); 92-43-3 (phenidone) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001180 TIThe effect of hypoxia on neuroeffector transmission in the bovine retractor penis and rat anococcygeus muscles. ABThe effects of reducing the PO2 of the bathing fluid were studied on non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) transmission in isolated preparations of the bovine retractor penis muscle, the rat anococcygeus muscle, the guinea-pig taenia caeci and the guinea-pig urinary bladder. Hypoxia rapidly and reversibly impaired NANC transmission in the bovine retractor penis and rat anococcygeus muscles but did not affect transmission in the guinea-pig taenia caeci or bladder, suggesting that different NANC mechanisms are involved. Although neurally-evoked relaxation of the bovine retractor penis was impaired by hypoxia, relaxations produced by vasoactive intestinal peptide, prostaglandin E1, sodium nitroprusside or an inhibitory factor isolated from the bovine retractor penis were unaffected. Since the inhibitory factor is similar to, and may actually be the NANC transmitter, the results suggest that the site of action of hypoxia in impairing transmission is prejunctional at the inhibitory nerve endings. AUBowman A; McGrath JC EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p869-75 MJAnoxia; Neural Transmission; Neuromuscular Junction; Penis; Sacrococcygeal Region MN5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid /PD; Alprostadil /PD; Bladder /IR; Cattle; Electric Stimulation; Guanethidine /PD; Guinea Pigs; Nitroprusside /PD; Pyrazoles /PD; Quinacrine /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Xylazine /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN132-22-9 (Chlorpheniramine); 18453-07-1 (2-(2-aminoethyl); 34839-70-8 (Metiamide); 51481-61-9 (Cimetidine); 55273-05-7 (impromidine); 58-61-7 (Adenosine); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 66357-35-5 (Ranitidine); 69014-14-8 (tiotidine) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001181 TICharacterization of histamine receptors mediating the stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation in rabbit cerebral cortical slices. ABThe characteristics of histamine-stimulated adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) accumulation in slices of rabbit cerebral cortex have been investigated. The selective H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine, tiotidine, metiamide and ranitidine appeared to antagonize the stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation elicited by histamine in a competitive manner consistent with an interaction with histamine H2-receptors. The H1-receptor antagonist mepyramine (0.8 microM) produced only a weak inhibition of the response to histamine. The inhibition appeared to be non-competitive producing a decrease in the maximal response with little effect on the EC50 value. The specific H2-receptor agonist, impromidine, produced a maximum response of only 31 +/- 2% of that obtained with histamine. Studies with histamine and impromidine in combination indicated that impromidine was not acting as a partial agonist. 2-Thiazolylethylamine, a selective H1-agonist, produced only a weak response (EC50 approximately 1mM) yielding a relative potency with respect to histamine (= 100) of 2.5. In the presence of a supramaximal concentration of impromidine, histamine and 2-thiazolylethylamine further elevated the response to impromidine. In these conditions the relative potency of 2-thiazolylethylamine was increased to 59 (histamine = 100), a value which was comparable with that reported for H1-receptor-mediated contractions of guinea-pig ileum. The H1-receptor antagonists mepyramine, promethazine, triprolidine and chlorpheniramine competitively antagonized the potentiation of impromidine-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation elicited by histamine and 2-thiazolylethylamine in rabbit cerebral cortex without affecting the response to impromidine alone. (+)-Chlorpheniramine was some 150 fold more potent than the (-)-isomer in this respect. Histamine and adenosine in combination had a much greater than additive effect on the accumulation of cyclic AMP in rabbit cerebral cortical slices. The potentiation of the adenosine response could be partially but not completely antagonized by either cimetidine or mepyramine. In the presence of H2-receptor blockade with 0.02 mM tiotidine, histamine elicited a significant potentiation (EC50 44 microM) of the response to adenosine. This response was antagonized competitively by mepyramine yielding a KB value of 0.05 microM similar to that obtained from inhibition of the potentiation of impromidine-stimulated accumulation of cyclic AMP (0.02 microM). These results suggest that there are two components in the response to histamine in rabbit cerebral cortical slices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) AUAl-Gadi M; Hill SJ EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p877-88 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Cerebral Cortex; Receptors, Histamine MNAdenosine /PD; Chlorpheniramine /PD; Cimetidine /AA /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Imidazoles /PD; Kinetics; Mathematics; Metiamide /PD; Rabbits; Ranitidine /PD; Receptors, Histamine H1 /ME; Receptors, Histamine H2 /ME; Thiazoles /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN108-88-3 (Toluene); 51-34-3 (Scopolamine); 71-43-2 (Benzene); 75-05-8 (acetonitrile) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001182 TIEnthalpy-entropy relationship in drug-cholinoceptor interaction: a new approach. ABThe partial molal volume at infinite dilution, V2, was determined in toluene, benzene and acetonitrile for fifteen different drug molecules comprising muscarinic agonists, partial agonists and antagonists. The difference in V2 between a given drug, X, and hyoscine, expressed as (V2x - V2h) was then multiplied by the internal pressure of the holding phase (Pi approximately cohesive energy density) in order to obtain an estimate of the excess enthalpy (delta H) over hyoscine in the interaction of drug molecule X with a common cholinoceptor. As a working hypothesis, delta H for hyoscine is taken as zero, hyoscine having the lowest V2/affinity ratio of any drug in the series investigated. The corresponding change in entropy (delta S) was then calculated from the relationship: RT ln Kx = Pi(V2x - V2h) - T delta S, where Kx is the affinity constant of drug molecule X to the common cholinoceptor, obtained independently. Linear regression of Pi (V2x - V2h) congruent to delta H from the data in acetonitrile over delta S gave a satisfactory isoequilibrium plot, r2 = 0.954, slope (beta) = 231 degrees K. The present approach offers a new course for the study of the enthalpy-entropy relationship in the interaction of drug molecules in a given series with a common receptor. It could provide an alternative to the Van't Hoff procedure for the estimation of relative delta H, and is independent of the free energy of binding (delta G). AUCohen S; Haberman F EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p889-96 MJModels, Biological; Parasympathomimetics; Receptors, Cholinergic; Thermodynamics MNAcetonitriles; Benzene; Densitometry; Mathematics; Scopolamine /PD; Solutions; Toluene MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN113-79-1 (Argipressin); 404-86-4 (Capsaicin); 52-62-0 (Pentolinium Tartrate); 73168-23-7 (vasopressin-(1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001183 TIThe influence of neonatal treatment with capsaicin on the control of blood pressure in adult rats in water-replete and water-deprived states. ABArterial blood pressures and heart rates were measured in water-replete and in water-deprived (48 h) conscious, adult rats that had received capsaicin (50 mg kg-1) or its vehicle neonatally. Resting arterial blood pressures and heart rates in capsaicin-treated rats were not different from the controls in either the water-replete or the water-deprived state. Inhibition of the vascular actions of vasopressin (with 1-beta-mercapto,-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid, 8-D-arginine vasopressin, (d(CH2)5DAVP] had no significant effect on blood pressures in the water-replete animals but caused a significant hypotension in water-deprived rats; the magnitude of the hypotension was the same irrespective of whether the animals had received capsaicin or its vehicle. During angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (with captopril) and ganglion blockade (with pentolinium), the vasopressin-mediated blood pressure recovery was more gradual in the capsaicin-treated animals than in the controls, but after 60 min blood pressures were similar in all groups. Collectively the results indicate that although the full development of vasopressin-dependent mechanisms following acute hypotension takes longer when a large proportion of unmyelinated afferent fibres have been destroyed by neonatal treatment with capsaicin, 48 h of water deprivation results in a normal involvement of vasopressin-dependent mechanisms in the maintenance of blood pressure. AUBennett T; Gardiner SM EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p897-903 MJAnimals, Newborn; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Water Deprivation MNArgipressin /AA /PD; Captopril /PD; Heart Rate /DE; Pentolinium Tartrate /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Renin-Angiotensin System; Vasopressins /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 404-86-4 (Capsaicin); 4368-28-9 (Tetrodotoxin); 51-84-3 (Acetylcholine); 7440-39-3 (Barium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001184 TIPharmaco-mechanical coupling in the response to acetylcholine and substance P in the smooth muscle of the rat iris sphincter. ABIn the rat iris sphincter muscle contractile responses to transmural stimulation consisted of two components, a fast cholinergic followed by a slow non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) one. The magnitude of the latter varied widely and was on average 5% of that of the cholinergic component. Exogenous substance P (1 nM-1 microM) produced a concentration-dependent contraction, the maximum amplitude of which was as large as that produced by acetylcholine (ACh). Capsaicin (10 microM) induced a transient contraction only once in each preparation. After the treatment with capsaicin the NANC component disappeared. Neither nerve nor direct electrical stimulation with short pulses elicited any active change in the membrane potential under physiological conditions, but an action potential was triggered by direct stimulation when the extracellular Ca ion was totally replaced by Ba ion. Under the latter conditions spontaneous spike potentials occurred repetitively. ACh and substance P produced a large contraction without modifying the membrane potential. This was also the case in the presence of 5 mM Ba. These results suggest that substance P-ergic innervation may have a far lesser physiological significance than that which has been described in rabbits and that pure pharmaco-mechanical coupling is characteristic of the responses to acetylcholine, substance P, and nerve stimulation in the rat iris sphincter muscle. AUBanno H; Imaizumi Y; Watanabe M EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p905-11 MJAcetylcholine; Iris; Muscle, Smooth; Substance P MNBarium /PD; Calcium /PD; Capsaicin /PD; Electric Stimulation; Membrane Potentials /DE; Microelectrodes; Muscle Contraction /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tetrodotoxin /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-55-8 (Atropine); 71145-03-4 (Bay K 8644) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001185 TIBay K 8644, a dihydropyridine calcium agonist, augments vasoconstrictor responses to endogenous and exogenous noradrenaline in the peripheral vasculature of the dog. ABThe effect of Bay K 8644 (a substance known to increase calcium influx through the voltage-dependent calcium channel) on vasoconstrictor responses of resistance vessels to endogenous and exogenous noradrenaline (NA) was investigated in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized dogs which had also undergone spinal anaesthesia and bilateral vagotomy and received atropine. In these dogs the saphenous arterial bed was perfused at fixed flow rates with autologous blood to give perfusion pressure close to the systemic blood pressure. Electrical stimulation (3-30 Hz) of the saphenous nerve and single intra-arterial (i.a.) injections of noradrenaline (NA, 0.03-3 micrograms) produced an increase in perfusion pressure (vasoconstriction) in a frequency- and a dose-dependent manner, respectively. Intra-arterial infusions of Bay K 8644 (3 and 10 micrograms min-1) per se produced no significant change in perfusion pressure. However, these infusions augmented vasoconstrictor responses to both saphenous nerve stimulation (endogenous NA) and i.a. NA (exogenous NA). These results suggest that augmentation by Bay K 8644 of vasoconstrictor responses of resistance vessels to endogenous and exogenous NA is probably due to promotion of the calcium influx through calcium channels closely associated with alpha-adrenoceptors in smooth muscle cells there. AUGoto T; Satoh K; Taira N EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p913-6 MJNifedipine; Norepinephrine; Vasoconstriction MNAtropine /PD; Blood Pressure /DE; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Nifedipine /PD; Vagotomy; Vascular Resistance /DE MTAnimal; Female; Male RN124-87-8 (Picrotoxin); 2763-96-4 (Muscimol); 485-49-4 (Bicuculline); 56-12-2 (GABA); 57-24-9 (Strychnine) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001186 TIAn unusual effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on synaptic transmission of frog tectal neurones in vitro. ABBath-applied gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhanced, in a dose-dependent fashion, the amplitude of optic nerve-evoked monosynaptic excitatory responses of the frog optic tectum superfused in vitro at 7 degrees C. Muscimol was more potent than GABA in eliciting similar effects. GABA-induced responses were antagonized by picrotoxin and were insensitive to bicuculline or strychnine. Raising the bath temperature to 20 degrees C reduced the potency of GABA on these preparations. No significant effect of GABA on the compound action potential of the whole optic nerve was found. These data indicate that GABA can amplify visual inputs to the tectum through bicuculline-insensitive mechanisms. AUNistri A; Sivilotti L EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p917-21 MJGABA; Neural Transmission; Neurons; Superior Colliculus MNAction Potentials /DE; Bicuculline /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Evoked Potentials; Heat; Muscimol /PD; Optic Nerve /DE; Picrotoxin /PD; Rana Temporaria; Strychnine /PD MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 52-53-9 (Verapamil); 72830-39-8 (oxmetidine); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001187 TIEvidence that oxmetidine inhibits transmembrane-calcium flux in cardiac and vascular tissue. ABOxmetidine, at concentrations in excess of 1 X 10(-6)M, caused concentration-dependent negative inotropic and chronotropic responses in guinea-pig isolated heart preparations. Oxmetidine, at concentrations in excess of 1 X 10(-5)M, caused negative inotropic responses in guinea-pig papillary muscle preparations. The negative inotropic responses to oxmetidine were associated with shortening of the plateau phase of the action potential. Verapamil and nifedipine caused similar shortening of the plateau phase of the action potential at equivalent negative inotropic concentrations indicating that oxmetidine may also act as a calcium antagonist. In preparations partially depolarized by raising extracellular K+ concentration, oxmetidine also exhibited negative inotropic activity and reduced the calcium-dependent action potential. However, unlike verapamil and nifedipine, oxmetidine did not show voltage-dependent activity. Oxmetidine, at concentrations in excess of 1 X 10(-5)M, inhibited Ca2+-dependent contractions of dog saphenous vein preparations and inhibited 45Ca2+-uptake into veins depolarized by high extracellular K+. In vivo, these calcium antagonist actions of oxmetidine were demonstrated by vasodilatation, reduction in blood pressure, bradycardia and reduced cardiac output in anaesthetized cats. Oxmetidine, at concentrations of 1 X 10(-5)M and above, shows properties consistent with inhibition of transmembrane Ca2+ flux. This action can be distinguished from other calcium antagonists as the effects of oxmetidine are not voltage-dependent. AUGristwood RW; Jim KF; Macia RA; Matthews WD; Morl CJ; Owen DA EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p923-32 MJBlood Vessels /ME; Calcium; Imidazoles; Myocardium /ME MNAction Potentials /DE; Blood Vessels /DE; Cell Membrane /DE /ME; Depression, Chemical; Dogs; Electrophysiology; Guinea Pigs; Hemodynamics /DE; Mathematics; Myocardial Contraction /DE; Myocardium /CY; Nifedipine /PD; Potassium /ME; Verapamil /PD MTAnimal RN146-48-5 (Yohimbine); 50-22-6 (Corticosterone); 50-36-2 (Cocaine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 60443-17-6 (procaterol); 72795-19-8 (ICI 118,551); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001188 TIIdentification of presynaptic beta 2-adrenoceptors on the sympathetic nerve fibres of the human pulmonary artery. ABStrips of human pulmonary arteries from patients undergoing surgery for lung tumour were incubated with [3H]-noradrenaline. Subsequently, they were superfused with physiological salt solution containing cocaine and corticosterone. Tritium overflow from the strips was stimulated by transmural electrical impulses (2 Hz). The electrically evoked overflow of tritium consisted of 91% unmetabolized [3H]-noradrenaline, and this percentage was not altered by isoprenaline. Adrenaline (in the presence of rauwolscine), isoprenaline and the preferential beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist, procaterol, concentration-dependently increased the electrically evoked tritium overflow. Prenalterol, a beta-adrenoceptor agonist with moderate preference for beta 1-adrenoceptors, was considerably less active than the previously mentioned agonists; noradrenaline (in the presence of rauwolscine) was ineffective. The concentration-response curve of procaterol was shifted to the right by the preferential beta 2-adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118-551 but was not affected by the beta 1-selective antagonist, atenolol. Propranolol, but not atenolol, produced a shift to the right of the concentration-response curve of isoprenaline. It is concluded that the sympathetic nerve fibres of the human pulmonary artery are endowed with facilitatory presynaptic beta 2-adrenoceptors. AUGothert M ; Hentrich F EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p933-41 MJNerve Fibers; Pulmonary Artery; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta; Sympathetic Nervous System MNCocaine /PD; Corticosterone /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Ethanolamines /PD; Isoproterenol /PD; Mathematics; Norepinephrine /ME; Propanolamines /PD; Yohimbine /PD MTHuman RN363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 41598-07-6 (prostaglandin D2); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 551-11-1 (prostaglandin F2); 58-00-4 (Apomorphine); 64309-39-3 (2-(N,N-dipropyl); 745-65-3 (Alprostadil) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001189 TIModification of dyskinesias following the intrastriatal injection of prostaglandins in the rodent. ABThe abilities of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), PGE2, PGD2 and PGF2 alpha to antagonize striatal dopamine function were assessed following bilateral and unilateral injections into the striata of the rat and guinea-pig. Three tests were used to assess the effects of the bilateral injections, ability to antagonize dyskinetic biting induced by 2-di-n-propylamino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin (0.025 mg kg-1 s.c.), ability to antagonize stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine (0.5 or 2 mg kg-1 s.c.) and ability to induce catalepsy. Asymmetry/circling behaviour revealed on challenge with apomorphine (0.25 mg kg-1 s.c.) was measured following unilateral injection into the striatum. In the rat, dyskinetic biting induced by 2-di-n-propylamino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin was antagonized by PGE1 (0.001-1 micrograms) and PGE2 (0.00001-1 micrograms) but not by PGD2 or PGF2 alpha (1 microgram). Stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine was not antagonized by any of the prostaglandins. A weak catalepsy was induced by PGE1 (1 microgram only), PGE2 (0.001-1 micrograms) and PGD2 (0.001-1 micrograms) but not by PGF2 alpha. Asymmetry and circling behaviour was only observed following the unilateral injection into the striatum of PGE1 and PGD2 (0.01-1 microgram) and challenge with apomorphine. In the guinea-pig the actions of PGE1 and E2 were compared with those of PGF2 alpha. Dyskinetic biting induced by 2-di-n-propylamino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin was antagonized by bilateral injections into the striatum of PGE2 (0.001-1 microgram), but not PGE1 (0.5 micrograms) and PGF2 alpha (1 microgram) but not PGE, (0.5 micrograms) and PGF2 alpha (1 microgram).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUCostall B; Holmes SW; Kelly ME; Naylor RJ EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p943-9 MJCorpus Striatum; Movement Disorders; Prostaglandins D /PD; Prostaglandins E /PD; Prostaglandins F /PD MNAlprostadil /AD /PD; Apomorphine /PD; Dopamine /PH; Guinea Pigs; Laterality; Prostaglandins D /AD; Prostaglandins E /AD; Prostaglandins F /AD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Dopamine /ME; Stereotyped Behavior /DE; Tetrahydronaphthalenes /AI MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001190 TIGenetic counselling for schizophrenia. ABIt is possible that genes contributing to the development of schizophrenia may be identified within the next decade. Genetic methods are improving rapidly, and are surrounded by great public interest. Requests for genetic counselling are keeping pace with this increased attention, but the problems faced by psychiatric genetic counsellors are complex, and the experience of offering such counselling and the issues involved are rarely discussed. In this context the paper describes a year's work counselling for schizophrenia in the Maudsley Hospital Genetic Clinic. AUReveley A EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p107-12 MJGenetic Counseling; Schizophrenia MNAdult; Pedigree; Schizophrenia /PC MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001191 TIDepression in general practice: case thresholds and diagnosis. ABUsing multiple diagnostic and epidemiological criteria, three samples of general practice (GP) depressives were studied: those prescribed a new course of antidepressants, those given other treatment, and those missed by the GP. The majority of patients qualified as psychiatric cases on the PSE Index of Definition, the Bedford College Criteria, and the Research Diagnostic Criteria. Most satisfied diagnostic criteria for depression, or (fewer) anxiety. The disorders were relatively mild and often borderline on all three systems. Depressives given other treatment most often failed to meet diagnostic criteria. About half the antidepressant treated patients received RDC diagnoses of major depression. Among the other treatment sample, only one-fifth met these criteria, and half had non-depressive diagnoses. Most cases of depression treated by GPs satisfy criteria for psychiatric disorder, but tend to be relatively mild and borderline in quality. AUSireling LI; Paykel ES; Freeling P; Rao BM; Patel SP EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p113-9 MJDepressive Disorder MNAdolescence; Adult; Antidepressive Agents /TU; Anxiety Disorders /DI; Depressive Disorder /DT; Diagnostic Errors; Family Practice; Middle Age; Tranquilizing Agents /TU MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001192 TIDepression in general practice: clinical features and comparison with out-patients. ABGeneral practice (GP) depressives prescribed an antidepressant were compared with those given other treatment, and with antidepressant-treated psychiatric out-patient depressives. GP depressives were considerably less severely ill than out-patients, with fewer depressive symptoms and shorter illness, as well as less primary and less endogenous depression. The two groups of GP depressives differed less, but those receiving other treatment tended to have less severe depression than those receiving antidepressants and were less likely to satisfy diagnostic criteria for depression. Depressives in GP differ considerably in clinical characteristics from psychiatric out-patient depressives, and clinical features influence the GP's decision to treat with antidepressants. AUSireling LI; Freeling P; Paykel ES; Rao BM EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p119-26 MJDepressive Disorder MNAdolescence; Adult; Antidepressive Agents /TU; Depressive Disorder /DT; Family Practice; Middle Age; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Referral and Consultation MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001194 TIA survey of serum antibodies to eight common viruses in psychiatric patients. ABSerum antibody titres to eight neurotropic viruses were measured by enzyme immunoassay in 450 psychiatric in-patients and 143 controls. A seasonal variation in schizophrenic births was observed, with a peak incidence between March and April. Both herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus antibody titres correlated with age and, when this was controlled for, no significant differences emerged between any patient group and the controls. Mumps antibody titres were significantly lower in patients with mental subnormal and neurosis or personality disorder; measles and rubella antibody titres were lower in male but not female mentally handicapped patients; males had lower antibody titres to mumps, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus than females in all groups. A decrease in mumps antibody titres was also found in schizophrenics if the medication factor was excluded. These low antibody titres may indicate an impaired immune response. Thus perinatal or childhood subclinical viral infections of the central nervous system, particularly of mumps, might lead to a range of possible psychiatric outcomes in later life. AUKing DJ; Cooper SJ; Earle JA; Martin SJ; McFerran NV; Rima BK; Wisdom GB EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p137-44 MJAntibodies, Viral; Mental Disorders MNAdolescence; Adult; Affective Disorders /IM; Age Factors; Aged; Alcoholism /IM; Cytomegaloviruses /IM; Dementia /IM; Epilepsy /IM; Epstein-Barr Virus /IM; Measles Virus /IM; Mental Retardation /IM; Middle Age; Mumps Virus /IM; Personality Disorders /IM; Rubella Virus /IM; Schizophrenia /IM; Seasons MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001195 TISerum and CSF antibody titres to seven common viruses in schizophrenic patients. ABCSF and matched serum antibody titres to seven common viruses were measured in 20 chronic schizophrenic patients, and 17 of these were age and sex-matched with orthopaedic controls. CT scans were carried out in patients and age and sex-matched radiological controls. There was a trend for CSF viral antibody titres (except CMV, HSV and VZV) to be decreased in the patients compared to controls, statistically significant for mumps and IgG. The CSF/serum ratios showed a reduction in the patients, compared to controls, statistically significant for measles and rubella as well as mumps and IgG. Cerebral ventricular size was significantly increased in the patients compared to controls, but did not correlate with any of the antibody data. These findings suggest that there is a reduced immune response to certain common viruses in the CNS of schizophrenic patients, but possible effects of institutionalisation or current medication could only be adequately excluded by further prospective studies. AUKing DJ; Cooper SJ; Earle JA; Martin SJ; McFerran NV; Wisdom GB EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p145-9 MJAntibodies, Viral; Schizophrenia MNAdult; Antibodies, Viral /CF; Brain /RA; Cytomegaloviruses /IM; IgG /CF; Measles Virus /IM; Middle Age; Mumps Virus /IM; Rubella Virus /IM; Sex Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ventriculography, Cerebral MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001196 TIHow likely is it that a district health authority can close its large mental hospitals? ABA cross-sectional survey assessed all 1,087 patients who were in psychiatric beds provided by a large district health authority. The elderly predominated in all length of stay categories, and a high proportion of them had levels of social and physical incapacity which made it unlikely that they could be cared for other than in residential care. A substantial minority of younger patients with a length of stay between one and two years had levels of incapacity which suggested the need for major treatment, rehabilitation, or training efforts. The findings have major implications for Government policy to replace large mental hospitals. AULevene LS; Donaldson LJ; Brandon S EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p150-5 MJHealth Facilities; Health Facility Closure; Hospitals, Psychiatric MNActivities of Daily Living; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Cross Sectional Studies; England; Length of Stay; Middle Age; Social Behavior; Urinary Incontinence /OC MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001197 TIFamily management in the prevention of morbidity of schizophrenia: the adjustment of the family unit. ABChanges in the functioning of family members were assessed during a randomly controlled study of community management of schizophrenia. Eighteen families who completed two years community management based upon behavioural family therapy were compared with 18 families who received patient oriented management with family support. Families receiving family management reported less disruption of activities, reductions in physical and mental health problems, and less subjective burden than those receiving the patient oriented approach. It is concluded that the benefits of family management extend beyond the reduction in clinical and social morbidity of the index patient to beneficial effects for the family as a whole. AUFalloon IR; Pederson J EM8601 IDMH 33138 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p156-63 MJFamily Therapy; Schizophrenia; Social Adjustment MNLife Change Events; Parents /PX; Schizophrenic Psychology; Social Behavior Disorders /PX MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001198 TIThe pattern and prevalence of symptoms during the menstrual cycle. ABOne hundred volunteers completed a modified version of the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire daily for 35 days. The purpose of the study was disguised. None of the participants was taking oral contraceptives. Significantly more symptoms were reported in the premenstrual and menstrual phases and fewer during the follicular phase of the cycle, but the pattern of response varied considerably between subjects. Symptom reporting was higher, in all phases of the cycle, in women with high trait anxiety or psychiatric morbidity (indexed by the General Health Questionnaire) but these measures did not relate to fluctuations of symptoms around the menstrual cycle. The need for prospective longitudinal studies of menstrual cycle symptomatology is emphasised. AUvan den Akker O; Steptoe A EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p164-9 MJAffective Symptoms /PX; Menstrual Cycle MNAdolescence; Adult; Affective Symptoms /OC; Anxiety /OC; Body Temperature; Follicular Phase; Menstruation; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001199 TIThe role of meals as a reinforcing event in a token economy programme. ABItems such as meals have frequently been used as back-up events in Token Economy Programmes (TEPs) because of their supposed reinforcing effectiveness. However, despite the dubious ethical questions that this raises, there is little research evidence to support the necessity for their use in TEP's with hospitalised chronic mentally ill patients. The effects of introducing meals as a 'free' item on patients' performance of a number of target behaviours were investigated in a TEP where they had previously been scheduled as a back-up event. While 'free' meals produced a slight increase in the actual number of meals eaten, there were no systematic effects on patients' performance of the target behaviours. AUHigson PJ; Woods PA; Tannahill MM; Ellis NC EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p170-4 MJFood; Reinforcement (Psychology); Token Economy MNSchizophrenia /TH; Schizophrenic Psychology; Social Behavior MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001200 TIHome care for chronic mental illness in Bangalore: an experiment in the prevention of repeated hospitalization. ABThe article describes the outcome of a comparative study of home care, by a trained nurse, versus hospital out-patient supervision in the management of chronic psychiatric patients in Bangalore, India. Twenty-five patients, with a mean duration of illness of nine years, were started on the home care programme while a matched control group of 25 similar patients continued the regular out-patient contact offered by the hospital. Comparative assessments were carried out on the groups at the time of intake and again after two years. The results indicate that hospital admission was less often needed among the home care group. AUPai S; Channabasavanna SM; Nagarajaiah; Raghuram R EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p175-9 MJHome Care Services; Mental Disorders MNAdult; Bipolar Disorder /TH; Chronic Disease; Epilepsy /TH; India; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Patient Readmission; Schizophrenia /TH; Social Class; Social Support MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001201 TIAgeing and affective disorders: the age at first onset of affective disorders in Scotland, 1969-1978. ABFirst admission rates from 1969-78 for Scottish psychiatric units were calculated for discharge diagnoses of affective psychosis for each five-year age-group from 15 years to over 74 years. There were clear-cut linear increases in rates of depressive psychoses, mania, and all affective psychoses, consistent with a relatively steady increase in the rate of first-onset affective psychoses with increasing age. These findings are discussed in terms of social, psychological, and biological hypotheses of the causes of affective disorder. It is argued that no single factor could produce the observed linear increases with age and that the data appear more consistent with an integrative aetiological model of affective disorder. AUEagles JM; Whalley LJ EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p180-7 MJAffective Disorders, Psychotic /OC; Aging MNAdolescence; Adult; Affective Disorders, Psychotic /ET; Aged; Bipolar Disorder /ET /OC; Depressive Disorder /ET /OC; Manic Disorder /ET /OC; Middle Age; Scotland; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001202 TIThe bereaved child: variables influencing early psychopathology. ABThis is a 13-month follow-up study of 105 two to 17 year-old children bereaved of one parent, with 85 controls. Data were gathered on physical and mental health in the children and surviving parents, the child's sex and age and the bereaved parent's sex and psychopathology being included as risk factors. Dysphoria, falling school performance and withdrawn behaviour were significantly increased in bereaved children of both sexes at all ages, while temper tantrums, bedwetting and the depressive syndrome only increased in the age and sex categories normally associated with these conditions. A global index of psychopathology was increased compared with controls on most subgroups of bereaved children (P less than 0.0001), the highest scores for both sexes being associated with having a mentally ill (usually depressed) widowed mother. The results are discussed and suggestions made for future research. AUVan Eerdewegh MM; Clayton PJ; Van Eerdewegh P EM8601 IDMH25430; MH21027 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p188-94 MJAttitude to Death; Child Behavior Disorders; Depression; Psychophysiologic Disorders MNAdolescence; Age Factors; Child, Preschool; Child; Follow-Up Studies; Schools; Sex Factors; Sleep Disorders /ET MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001203 TINotification of addicts and the medical practitioner: an evaluation of the system. AUStrang J; Shah A EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p195-8 MJRegistries; Substance Dependence MNDrug and Narcotic Control /LJ; England; Family Practice; Records; Retrospective Studies MTHuman RN298-46-4 (Carbamazepine) IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001204 TIAn open clinical trial of carbamazepine in treatment-resistant bipolar and schizo-affective psychotics. AUElphick M EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p198-200 MJBipolar Disorder; Carbamazepine /TU; Psychotic Disorders MNAdult; Carbamazepine /AE; Clinical Trials; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001205 TILycanthropy lives on. AUColl PG; O'Sullivan G; Browne PJ EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p201-2 MJDelusions; Depersonalization Disorder MNAged; Aggression; Delusions /TH; Electroconvulsive Therapy MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001206 TI1,250 electroconvulsive treatments without evidence of brain injury. AULippman S; Manshadi M; Wehry M; Byrd R; Past W; Keller W; Schuster J; Elam S; Meyer D; O'Daniel R EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p203-4 MJBipolar Disorder /TH; Brain Injuries; Brain; Electroconvulsive Therapy MNAged; Bipolar Disorder /PA; Time Factors MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001207 TIResults of investigations in 150 demented patients consecutively admitted to a psychiatric hospital. AURenvoize EB; Gaskell RK; Klar HM EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p204-5 MJDementia MNAged; Alcoholism /CO; Brain Neoplasms /CO; Dementia /TH; Levodopa /AE; Meningioma /CO; Middle Age; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency /CO MTFemale; Human; Male RN36322-90-4 (piroxicam); 554-13-2 (lithium carbonate); 7439-93-2 (Lithium) IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001208 TIAn interaction between lithium carbonate and piroxicam presenting as lithium toxicity. AUWalbridge DG; Bazire SR EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p206-7 MJAnalgesics; Lithium; Thiazines MNAtaxia /CI; Bipolar Disorder /DT; Confusion /CI; Drug Interactions; Middle Age; Osteoarthritis /DT; Tremor /CI MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001209 TIUnderstanding the Italian experience [letter] AURamon S EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p208-9 MJHealth Facilities; Health Facility Closure; Mental Health Services MNItaly RN846-49-1 (Lorazepam) IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001210 TILorazepam dependence and chronic psychosis [letter] AUFraser AA; Ingram IM EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p211 MJLorazepam; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Schizophrenia; Substance Dependence MNAdult; Diagnosis, Differential MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001211 TIDupuytren's disease and mental handicap [letter] AUJancar J; Griffiths HE; Sawdon B EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p211-2 MJDupuytren's Contracture; Mental Retardation MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001212 TISeason of birth of schizophrenics in Hong Kong [letter] AULo CW EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p212-3 MJSchizophrenia /OC; Seasons MNHong Kong; Infant, Newborn; Schizophrenia /FG MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1269 LAEnglish JCB1S SBM UI86001213 TICognitive science and behaviourism. ABIn this paper it is argued that cognitive scientists, claiming the support of brain science and computer simulation, have revived a traditional view that behaviour is initiated by an internal, autonomous mind. In doing so, they have misused the metaphor of storage and retrieval, given neurology a misleading assignment, frequently replaced controlled experimental conditions with mere descriptions of conditions and the assessment of behaviour with statements of expectations and intentions, given feelings and states of mind the status of causes of behaviour rather than the products of the causes, and failed to define many key terms in dimensions acceptable to science. AUSkinner BF EM8601 SOBr J Psychol (England), Aug 1985, 76 ( Pt 3) p291-301 MJBehaviorism; Cognition MNAffect /PH; Behavior /PH; Brain /PH; Cognition /PH; Perception /PH MTHuman IS0007-1269 LAEnglish JCB1S SBM UI86001214 TIThe locus of the Stroop effect: one site masquerading as two? ABTwo experiments are reported, which used modifications to the normal Stroop task. Both required cued responses, the first being designed to eliminate interference at the output stage, and the second being an attempt to rule out interference before the output. In both cases interference effects persisted. The results are considered to support Seymour's (1977) account of overlapping conceptual codes. AUNaish PL EM8601 SOBr J Psychol (England), Aug 1985, 76 ( Pt 3) p303-10 MJColor Perception; Semantics MNDiscrimination Learning; Reaction Time; Reading MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1269 LAEnglish JCB1S SBM UI86001215 TIOrthographic and phonetic coding in developmental dyslexia. ABMemory coding in dyslexic readers and reading-age-matched controls was investigated using cued recall. In the first phase of the experiment subjects made rhyme judgements about pairs of words. In the second phase one member of each pair (the cue) was used to cue recall of the other member of the pair (the target). Cues and targets were either rhyming and orthographically similar, rhyming and orthographically distinct, orthographically similar and not rhyming, or unrelated. Dyslexics were as accurate at detecting rhyme compared to the reading-age-matched controls; however, they were slower and were subject to a greater orthography effect (Seidenberg & Tanenhaus, 1979). Overall memory performance did not differ between the two groups. However, dyslexics were found to make more use of an orthographic code with both visual and auditory presentation. They made less use of a phonetic code in the visual but not the auditory condition. The results support the view that dyslexics have less easy access to a phonological code in memory, but they are able to compensate for this by increased use of a visual/orthographic code. AURack JP EM8601 SOBr J Psychol (England), Aug 1985, 76 ( Pt 3) p325-40 MJDyslexia; Memory; Paired-Associate Learning; Phonetics; Recall MNChild; Semantics MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1269 LAEnglish JCB1S SBM UI86001216 TIIdentity priming in the recognition of familiar faces. ABMorton (1969) proposed that word recognition is mediated by logogens--threshold devices whose thresholds would be lowered after 'firing' and only slowly return to near their original levels. Extension and revision of the original logogen model has occurred in response to results obtained in experiments which examine the effect of previous exposure to an item on later recognition thresholds. On the basis of results obtained in such identity priming studies, Warren & Morton (1982) argued that picture recognition might be mediated by pictogens--threshold devices which respond when any picture of an object is seen. Warren & Morton found that recognition of a pictured object was facilitated by earlier exposure to the same or a different picture of the object, but was not facilitated by earlier exposure to the object's name. Recently, several authors have suggested that face recognition might be mediated by units somewhat analogous to logogens or pictogens. In order to explore this analogy, Warren & Morton's procedure of identity priming in picture recognition was adopted to examine identity priming in the recognition of famous faces. When the recognition test involved naming a celebrity's face, identity priming was obtained from prior exposure to the celebrity's name, a different picture or the same picture as that used in the test. If the procedure was modified so that subsequent recognition did not require retrieval of the name, a pattern consistent with the word and picture recognition literature was found. Prior exposure to either a different or the same picture produced a priming effect but prior exposure to the celebrity's name did not. These results are generally consistent with the hypothesis of face recognition units. Differences between face recognition units and pictogens are also discussed. AUBruce V; Valentine T EM8601 SOBr J Psychol (England), Aug 1985, 76 ( Pt 3) p373-83 MJForm Perception; Memory; Recall; Set (Psychology) MNDiscrimination Learning MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0144-6665 LAEnglish JCB23 SBM UI86001217 TIDelinquent behaviour and attitudes to formal authority. ABA scale was developed to assess attitudes towards formal authority in the school and in the public domain (police and law). Data derived from a sample of young adolescents (13 years) indicated that attitudes towards authority in these two domains were highly rated (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001). Factor analysis yielded four interpretable factors--alienation from the institutional system, belief in the absolute priority of rules, perception of the bias vs. impartiality of authorities, and personal relationship to school life--accounting for 47.6, 13.9, 9.3 and 8.0 per cent of common variance respectively. Both overall attitude scores and factor scores were significantly related to self-reported delinquencies. Finally, covariance analysis of the results indicated that the attitude variable accounted for a substantial proportion of the sex difference in delinquency. AUReicher S; Emler N EM8601 SOBr J Soc Psychol (England), Sep 1985, 24 ( Pt 3) p161-8 MJAttitude; Juvenile Delinquency; Social Control, Formal MNAdolescence; Psychological Tests; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0144-6665 LAEnglish JCB23 SBM UI86001218 TIPredicting our own aggression: person, subculture or situation? ABUsing a self-report technique, teenaged subjects (stratified by sex and social class) were asked to report their predicted behaviour over 24 conflict scenarios involving 12 male and 12 female targets. In terms of degree of aggression predicted, there was a strong effect of situation. Towards male targets, lower middle-class subjects were more aggressive than upper middle-class subjects and males were more aggressive than females. With respect to female targets, the social class difference again appeared but there was no simple sex difference. The interaction of sex and social class indicated that lower middle-class females were most aggressive toward female targets. Cross-situational consistency was low even controlling for class and sex, indicating little support for a generalized 'aggressive personality'. The most powerful single effect was the situation being judged. Feature analysis of situations tending to produce fight vs. flight responses suggested that flight is associated with perceived high risk encounters whereas fighting is the modal response in 'fair fight' situations where the risk of injury is lower. It is suggested that impression management concerns operate only in these low risk situations. AUCampbell A; Bibel D; Muncer S EM8601 SOBr J Soc Psychol (England), Sep 1985, 24 ( Pt 3) p169-80 MJAggression; Self Concept; Social Environment MNAdolescence; Personality; Risk; Set (Psychology); Sex Factors; Social Class MTFemale; Human; Male RN51-35-4 (Hydroxyproline); 9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001220 TIExperimental wound healing: increased breaking strength and collagen synthetic activity in abdominal fascial wounds healing with secondary closure of the skin. ABDelayed primary closure or secondary closure of skin and subcutaneous fat in contaminated laparotomy incisions virtually eliminates the risk of wound abscess in clinical practice. Incisional hernias rarely develop in these wounds. This experimental study offers a possible explanation. Longitudinal incisions in the linea alba of female Wistar rats healed under skin incisions which were either sutured ('closed' subgroup) or left to close by secondary intention ('open' subgroup). Postoperative breaking strengths and collagen contents (measured as hydroxyproline) were studied at intervals of 3-120 days. Measurable strength developed by 5 days, at which time 'open' subgroup wounds were found to be weaker and to have less collagen. At all other times, however, 'open' subgroup wounds were stronger, a property which could be ascribed at earlier, but not at later, periods (42 or 120 days), to a higher content and concentration of collagen. At 3 days the rate of collagen production was significantly (P less than 0.025) lower in 'open' than in 'closed' subgroup wounds but the converse was true at 6 and 9 days (P less than 0.025), thus accounting for the changes in biomechanical properties. It is suggested that initially the stimulus for collagen synthesis is greater in the 'open' wounds and this leads to the development of a collagenous structure which is better adapted to resist tensile forces. AUScott PG; Chambers M; Johnson BW; Williams HT EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p777-9 MJAbdominal Wall; Fascia; Hydroxyproline; Wound Healing MNCollagen /BI; Laparotomy; Postoperative Period; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Skin /SU; Tensile Strength MTAnimal; Female IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001221 TIThe effect of antiseptics on the healing wound: a study using the rabbit ear chamber. ABThe effects of several antiseptic agents on granulation tissue were studied using rabbit ear chambers as models of the healing wound. This enabled us to study dynamically the action of these agents on the microcirculation of the wound. All the agents tested caused some adverse effect, but in the cases of hypochlorite antiseptics Eusol and Chloramine T, blood flow in the capillary circulation of the granulation tissue ceased and the process of repair was subsequently delayed. A laser Doppler flowmeter was used to measure these changes in local perfusion which reflected the toxic effects seen on microscopy of the ear chamber. AUBrennan SS; Leaper DJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p780-2 MJAnti-Infective Agents, Local; Wound Healing MNEar, External /PH; Granulation Tissue /BS /DE; Microcirculation /DE; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001222 TIInfluence of diabetes mellitus on operative risk. ABIn a retrospective study postoperative morbidity was compared between 224 patients with diabetes mellitus and 224 non-diabetic control patients matched with regard to operative procedure (major vascular, abdominal and acute surgery for hip fracture), sex, age, complicating cardiovascular disease and weight. Forty-six patients in each group had complications, without any trend towards specific morbidity in the diabetic group. Incidence of morbidity was similar in diabetic patients treated with insulin, oral antidiabetic agents or diet. Diabetic patients with complications had significantly (P less than 0.01) lower blood glucose pre- and postoperatively than those without complications. The risk of overlooking (type II error) a 25 per cent increase in complication rate in the diabetic patients was less than 10 per cent and the risk of overlooking a 50 per cent increase in morbidity less than 0.5 per cent. These results do not support the common belief that diabetes per se may increase surgical risk. AUHjortrup A; Sorensen C; Dyremose E; Hjortso NC; Kehlet H EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p783-5 MJDiabetes Mellitus; Surgery, Operative MNAged; Blood Glucose /AN; Cardiovascular Diseases /ET; Postoperative Complications /ET; Retrospective Studies; Risk MTFemale; Human; Male RN37270-89-6 (calciparin); 9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001223 TIEfficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight heparin (CY216) in preventing postoperative venous thrombo-embolism: a co-operative study. ABThe efficacy and safety of a low-molecular-weight (LMW) heparin fraction in preventing postoperative venous thrombo-embolism, was assessed in a double blind, randomly allocated trial, and in an 'open' study. Of 395 patients included in the double blind trial, 199 received unfractionated (UF) calcium heparin, and 196 the LMW heparin fraction. The data were analysed on an 'intention to treat' basis. The two groups were well matched for risk factors which could predispose to the development of venous thrombosis. Fifteen (7.5 per cent) of one hundred and ninety-nine patients receiving UF heparin, and five (2.5 per cent) of one hundred and ninety-six patients in the LMW heparin group developed DVT (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of excessive incisional or total blood loss during surgery, postoperative drainage or wound haematoma formation. Of 910 patients included in the 'open' study who received a single injection of LMW heparin every day, 30 (3.2 per cent) died during the postoperative period; in none of the autopsied patients were pulmonary emboli detected. Thirty-one (3.4 per cent) patients developed isotopic DVT; twenty-seven (2.9 per cent) were receiving prophylaxis at the time the DVT was diagnosed. Thirty-six (3.9 per cent) patients developed wound haematoma; twenty-five (12.4 per cent) of those were in the two hundred and one undergoing surgery for gynaecological conditions, and eleven (1.5 per cent) in the seven hundred and nine patients having general abdominal surgery. This difference is statistically significant (P less than 0.001). The results of a double blind trial indicate that a single daily injection of 1850 APTT units (7500 antifactor Xa units) of a LMW heparin is more effective than 10 000 APTT units of commercially available UF heparin in preventing postoperative DVT. The findings of the 'open' study suggest that this regimen also provides an effective prophylaxis against post-operative major pulmonary embolism. AUKakkar VV; Murray WJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p786-91 MJHeparin; Thromboembolism MNAdult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Middle Age; Molecular Weight; Postoperative Complications /PC; Pulmonary Embolism /PC; Risk MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001224 TIEffects of bile, infection and pressure on pancreatic duct integrity. ABIonic flux, potential difference and mucosal ultrastructure have been studied in the rat bile-pancreatic duct and the effects of pressure, bile and infection on the duct evaluated. The duct remained stable after perfusion with control solution under low pressure and high pressure produced widening of intercellular spaces only. Perfusion with a bacterial solution of Escherichia coli did not effect significant changes. Sterile human bile disturbed the integrity of the duct by increasing ionic flux, altering potential difference and producing reversible ultrastructural changes of cell oedema. High pressure increased these changes. Infected human bile under high or low pressure was by far the most toxic substance tested. Perfusion with infected bile led to irreversible duct damage and complete loss of duct integrity. Pressure and infected bile may have a role in damaging duct integrity and could thus play an integral part in the genesis of acute gallstone pancreatitis. AUArmstrong CP; Taylor TV; Torrance HB EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p792-5 MJBile; Pancreatic Ducts MNEscherichia Coli Infections /PA; Escherichia Coli /IP; Microscopy, Electron; Perfusion; Pressure; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001225 TIPancreatic resection for severe acute pancreatitis. ABNon-operative management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis carries a mortality of up to 80 per cent. Over the last 6 years we have pursued an aggressive policy of intensive supportive therapy followed by pancreatic resection in those patients with this severe form of the disease. We have managed 15 patients in this way, 14 by subtotal pancreatic resection (usually body and tail of the gland) and one by total pancreatectomy; 7 had early overwhelming multi-system failure with a median of 4 positive prognostic factors whilst 8 were operated on later between 3 and 8 weeks (plus one at 32 weeks) and had varying clinical pictures. Eight patients had ischaemia of the transverse colon which was noted at operation in four, and presented postoperatively in the remainder. Re-operation was necessary in 13 patients to remove further slough or resect ischaemic bowel. Five patients (33 per cent) died between 10 days and 4 weeks postoperatively, death being due to sepsis and multi-system failure in four and a massive retroperitoneal haemorrhage in one. Of the ten survivors, four require insulin. Timely excision of necrotic pancreatic tissue combined with intensive supportive therapy may help reduce the high mortality in this condition. AUAldridge MC; Ornstein M; Glazer G; Dudley HA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p796-800 MJPancreatectomy; Pancreatitis /SU MNAcute Disease; Adult; Aged; Middle Age; Necrosis; Pancreas /PA; Pancreatectomy /MO; Pancreatitis /PA; Postoperative Complications /ET; Reoperation MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001226 TIConservative pancreatectomy. ABBy convention, resection of the proximal pancreas includes the distal stomach (and duodenum) and resection of the distal pancreas includes the spleen. In 28 patients the stomach and spleen were preserved to minimize functional disability. In 13 patients with proximal pancreatectomy (7 men, median age 39 years) the pylorus and first 3 cm of duodenum were preserved. Indications were chronic pancreatitis (n = 9) and localized neoplasia (ampulla 2, duodenum 1, insulinoma 1). One patient died (aged 81 years), and 2 required re-operation for a pancreatic abscess or stenosed choledochojejunostomy. The 12 survivors are well at a median of 1.25 years (range 0.25-3.25 years). In 15 patients with distal pancreatectomy (6 men, median age 44 years) the spleen was preserved. Indications were islet cell tumour in 2 and chronic abdominal pain in 13,9 of whom had an isolated dorsal pancreas and 6 of whom had histological evidence of chronic pancreatitis. Recovery was uneventful apart from 2 patients with a fluid collection in the lesser sac, 1 needing percutaneous aspiration. In the absence of gross inflammatory adherence, partial pancreatectomy need not entail removal of the adjacent stomach or spleen. AUCooper MJ; Williamson RC EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p801-3 MJPancreatectomy MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Pancreatic Neoplasms /SU; Pancreatitis /SU; Splenectomy; Stomach /SU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001227 TIGastro-oesophageal reflux and oesophagitis before and after vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. ABFifty patients undergoing elective vagotomy for the treatment of chronic duodenal ulceration have been investigated pre-operatively and again 3 months postoperatively to determine the extent and severity of associated gastro-oesophageal reflux. Pre-operatively all patients had a normal lower oesophageal sphincter pressure but 50 per cent had symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux, 42 per cent had excessive reflux on 24 h pH monitoring and 30 per cent had oesophagitis on endoscopy and/or oesophageal biopsy. Postoperatively, reflux symptoms were present in only 12 per cent of patients but pH studies were still abnormal in 36 per cent and oesophagitis was observed in 32 per cent. Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was unaffected by vagotomy. Gastro-oesophageal reflux is common in pre-operative duodenal ulcer patients and is not significantly reduced by vagotomy. Careful pre-operative oesophageal assessment is necessary to determine which duodenal ulcer patients require an anti-reflux procedure in addition to vagotomy. AUFlook D; Stoddard CJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p804-7 MJDuodenal Ulcer /SU; Esophagitis, Peptic; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Vagotomy MNChronic Disease; Duodenal Ulcer /CO; Esophagogastric Junction /PP; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pressure; Time Factors MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001228 TIPyloric reconstruction. ABFourteen patients with persistent and severe postcibal symptoms following vagotomy and pyloroplasty for duodenal ulcer had the pylorus reconstructed. A dumping provocation test was useful in patient selection and evaluation of results. When assessed between 6 months and 3 years after operation, nine patients had an excellent or good result and three were improved. Surgical technique is relatively simple and the operation should be considered and practised more often than it seems to be from documented experience. AUKoruth NM; Krukowski ZH; Matheson NA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p808-10 MJPylorus MNAdult; Diarrhea /SU; Dumping Syndrome /SU; Duodenal Ulcer /SU; Postoperative Complications /SU; Time Factors; Vagotomy MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001229 TIMalignant melanoma of the hand and foot: diagnosis and management. ABForty-six patients with melanoma of the hand (5) and foot (41) studied prospectively between 1972-84 have been reviewed to determine guidelines for diagnosis and management. The clinical appearance is varied and the lesions are often misdiagnosed as warts or fungal infections. Clinical assessment of tumour thickness on the sole is difficult because of the nature of the plantar skin. Incision rather than excision biopsy is indicated because of the functional consequences of large excisions on the hand and foot. Melanoma of the toe was treated by local metatarsophalangeal amputation. Plantar melanomas were excised with a 3 cm margin. Dorsum melanomas were treated by a selective policy of 1, 2 or 3 cm margins according to clinical assessment of tumour thickness. These policies have resulted in only one case of local recurrence. An in situ Silastic foam mould facilitates immediate application of split skin grafts to irregular areas. The functional results of split skin grafts on sole and heel have been satisfactory. Toe lesions were thickest, dorsum thinnest, sole and heel intermediate. The prognosis related to these groupings of tumour thickness. Simultaneous clinical nodal involvement carried a hopeless prognosis, and most patients developing nodes within 2 years die--unless treated by prophylactic dissection. The role of prophylactic dissection is still not defined, but it is likely that it will be used more frequently in the future. Early diagnosis offers most hope of improving the outlook. Many elderly patients with nodular lesions have had moles for many years. Younger patients are now being seen with thin lesions, even on the toe. AUHughes LE; Horgan K; Taylor BA; Laidler P EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p811-5 MJFoot Diseases /SU; Hand; Melanoma /SU; Skin Neoplasms /SU MNAdult; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Foot Diseases /DI; Melanoma /DI; Methods; Middle Age; Prospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms /DI; Skin /TR MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001230 TIThe detection of renal allograft rejection by fine-needle intrarenal manometry. ABThe causes of early renal allograft malfunction include rejection, acute tubular necrosis, cyclosporin nephrotoxicity and vascular complications. Fine-needle intrarenal manometry is a potential method of distinguishing rejection from the other causes of malfunction and has been used by Salaman and Griffin in patients' treated with cyclosporin. The technique involves inserting a fine-needle, which is connected to a specially designed manometer, into the substance of the transplant kidney. One hundred and six measurements of intrarenal pressure have been made in 28 patients immunosuppressed with either azathioprine and prednisolone or cyclosporin. Thirteen rejection episodes were identified and confirmed by biopsy. These were treated by pulse steroid (methylprednisolone) therapy. Seven episodes of cyclosporin toxicity were identified and there were fifteen episodes of acute tubular necrosis. The mean intrarenal pressure in the rejecting group was 52.8 mmHg compared with 22.3, 24.1 and 24.3 mmHg for the normal function, acute tubular necrosis and cyclosporin nephrotoxicity groups, respectively (P less than 0.01; Wilcoxon unpaired test). There were no differences within these groups related to the type of immunosuppression used. There were no clinical complications associated with the procedure. Thus in newly transplanted patients, fine-needle intrarenal manometry accurately identified rejection and distinguished it from normal function, acute tubular necrosis and cyclosporin nephrotoxicity in all the patients regardless of the immunosuppressants used. AUWilson RG; Taylor RM; Proud G EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p816-8 MJGraft Rejection; Kidney /TR MNCyclosporins /AE; Kidney Diseases /CI; Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute /DI; Kidney /PP; Manometry /MT; Needles; Postoperative Complications /DI; Pressure MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001231 TICAPD and renal transplantation. ABContinuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is believed to improve the immune competence of end-stage renal failure patients and to increase the risk of graft rejection following subsequent renal transplantation. At this centre, 220 consecutive renal transplants have been studied in patients treated by either CAPD or haemodialysis (HD). Patient and graft survival was not significantly different for the two treatment groups over a five year follow-up. When only first cadaver recipients were considered (152 grafts) one-year graft survival (non-immunological failures excluded) was 77 per cent for CAPD and 79 per cent for HD patients (P greater than 0.05). Time on dialysis and number of pre-operative transfusions were significantly greater for the HD patients (P less than 0.05). A group of HD and CAPD patients were identified as being matched for age, sex, HLA, A, B, DR antigen matches, pre-operative transfusions and time-on dialysis. One-year graft survival of the CAPD patients was 82 per cent and for the HD patients 61 per cent. Studies of patient lymphocyte function and plasma suppressive activity in vitro revealed no differences between CAPD and HD treated patients. CAPD is not an immunological risk factor in renal transplantation and its continued use in the preparation of patients for transplantation is recommended. AUDonnelly PK; Shenton BK; Lennard TW; Proud G; Taylor RM EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p819-21 MJKidney; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Preoperative Care MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Graft Survival; Hemodialysis; Immunocompetence; Lymphocyte Transformation; Middle Age; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory /AE; Risk MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001232 TIEndoscopic management of upper urinary tract stones. ABSince 1981, 525 renal and ureteric calculi have been removed with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCN) or transurethral ureteroscopy as the primary modalities of therapy. Successful extraction of the stone at the first attempt was achieved in 92 per cent of cases by PCN and 70 per cent of cases by ureteroscopy, whilst further endoscopic surgery improved the overall success rates to 98 per cent and to 80 per cent respectively. Complication rates from these procedures have both been low as has the morbidity, with most patients leaving hospital within 4 days and returning to work within 2 weeks. The successful development of endoscopic lithotomy and the use of in situ destruction techniques has meant that we now reserve open surgery for difficult multibranched staghorn calculi and ureteric stones embedded in the urothelium. With the advent of extracorporeally generated shockwave lithotripsy it is likely that even these types of stone will be amenable to minimally invasive procedures. AUPayne SR; Ford TF; Wickham JE EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p822-4 MJKidney Calculi; Ureteral Calculi MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Endoscopy; Length of Stay; Lithotripsy; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001233 TIUse of a ringed intraluminal graft in the operative management of abdominal aortic aneurysms. ABThe efficacy of a non-sutured technique of anastomosis has been assessed in 20 patients who had bifurcated grafts inserted for aneurysms of the infrarenal aorta. The grafts had rigid Dacron-covered metal rings incorporated at each end and the anastomoses were effected by securing these rings within the lumen of the vessel with a firmly tied Dacron tape. In order to allow access of the ring to the lumen of the aorta it was necessary to employ an intraluminal occlusion balloon catheter for proximal control. The patients included in the study formed a particularly high risk group. There were 12 emergency and 8 elective procedures. The mean duration of the operations was 134 +/- 34 min (+/- s.d.); the mean blood loss during surgery was 3498 +/- 2660 ml (+/- s.d.) and the mean length of inpatient stay after operation was 16 +/- 13 days (+/- s.d.). There were eight postoperative deaths and post-mortem examination, which was allowed in six cases, showed satisfactory appearances of the grafts and anastomoses. The surviving patients have remained free from complications for up to 18 months after operation. A non-sutured technique is possible for most aortic anastomoses but is of limited applicability for iliac and more distal anastomoses. With further technical refinements an intraluminal graft with a non-sutured aortic anastomosis may become a valuable alternative to the conventionally sutured prosthesis in the management of ruptured abdominal aneurysms. AUCave-Bigley DJ; Harris PL EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p825-7 MJAortic Aneurysm; Blood Vessel Prosthesis MNAged; Aorta, Abdominal /SU; Aortic Rupture /SU; Feasibility Studies; Methods; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001234 TIThe influence of tumour cell DNA abnormalities on survival in colorectal cancer. ABThe cellular DNA content was measured from paraffin-embedded material in 134 colorectal cancers from patients in whom the outcome was known. Seventy-two (55 per cent) were found to contain cells with abnormal DNA (DNA aneuploid). The presence of such a population of cells was not related to pathological stage or histological grade. However, only 14 (19 per cent) patients with DNA aneuploid tumours survived 5 years compared with 27 (43 per cent) of patients with diploid tumours (chi 2 = 8.0, P = 0.005). Stepwise logistic analysis showed cellular DNA content to be an important prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, independent of pathological stage and histological grade. AUArmitage NC; Robins RA; Evans DF; Turner DR; Baldwin RW; Hardcastle JD EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p828-30 MJColonic Neoplasms /PA; DNA; Rectal Neoplasms /PA MNAneuploidy; Colonic Neoplasms /AN /MO; Diploidy; Prognosis; Rectal Neoplasms /AN /MO MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen); 9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001235 TIHypovolaemia and healing in colonic anastomoses. ABColonic anastomotic leakage is more common following emergency resections than after elective operations. Transient hypovolaemia, which is more likely to occur during emergency surgery, has been shown to impair collagen metabolism in abdominal and skin wounds but its effect on colonic anastomotic healing has not been previously examined. Acute intra-operative loss of 10 per cent circulating blood volume in rats significantly impaired collagen concentration in both ileocolic (P less than 0.02) and colocolic (P less than 0.05) anastomoses measured on the third postoperative day. This degree of blood loss did not significantly affect early anastomotic strength. Hypovolaemia leads to tissue hypoxia, and this in turn may lead to impaired anastomotic healing. Measurement of tissue oxygen tension may predict poor healing by identifying inadequate intestinal perfusion. Colonic pTO2 measured in rabbits was significantly lower than in small bowel (37 +/- 18 mmHg versus 42 +/- 18 mmHg; P less than 0.001), and fell significantly in colon following 10 per cent blood loss (P less than 0.001). We conclude that adequate intra-operative fluid replacement during colonic resection and anastomosis is a prerequisite for successful healing. AUFoster ME; Laycock JR; Silver IA; Leaper DJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p831-4 MJBlood Volume; Colon; Oxygen; Wound Healing MNCollagen /ME; Colon /SU; Partial Pressure; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tensile Strength MTAnimal; Female IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001236 TIAn assessment of occult blood testing to determine which patients with large bowel symptoms require urgent investigation. ABOne hundred and fifty-two consecutive patients with symptoms suggestive of colorectal disease were offered occult blood testing before undergoing barium enema examination or colonoscopy; one hundred and thirty-nine successfully completed the test. Thirty-four had positive results of whom thirteen had a cancer and eight an adenomatous polyp (diagnostic yield for neoplasia of 59 per cent). No false negative results occurred, a sensitivity of 100 per cent, and only 21 false positives occurred, a specificity for malignancy of 84 per cent. Subjects attending outpatients should be offered occult blood testing; those with a positive test should undergo colonoscopy. The cost-benefit of such a scheme is emphasized. AUFarrands PA; O'Regan D; Taylor I EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p835-7 MJColonic Diseases; Occult Blood; Rectal Diseases MNAged; Cost Benefit Analysis; England; False Positive Reactions; Middle Age; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001237 TIFibro-adenoma of the breast. ABA retrospective study of 134 patients with a clinical diagnosis of fibro-adenoma of the breast indicated that histological confirmation of this diagnosis is made in only 50 per cent. The majority of the others have a diagnosis of benign mammary dysplasia. Eight patients had an unsuspected carcinoma, all but one being above the mean age for the fibro-adenoma group. The natural history of fibro-adenoma is not known precisely. In view of the high sensitivity of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of malignant disease, we believe that there is justification to carry out a prospective study to determine this. In this study women with a clinical diagnosis of fibro-adenoma will be carefully observed provided they are less than 35 years of age and fine-needle aspiration cytology reveals no malignant cells. AUWilkinson S; Forrest AP EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p838-40 MJAdenofibroma; Breast Neoplasms; Fibrocystic Disease of Breast MNAdenofibroma /PA; Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Biopsy, Needle; Breast Neoplasms /PA; Diagnosis, Differential; Fibrocystic Disease of Breast /PA; Middle Age; Retrospective Studies MTComparative Study; Female; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001238 TIAccuracy of aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of breast disease. ABThe accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology has been assessed in 480 consecutive breast lesions where definitive histology was later available. The results in terms of specificity and sensitivity have also been compared to mammography and clinical examination. With adequate smears aspiration cytology was 100 per cent specific with no false positive diagnosis. This compares with 15 false positive mammograms and 12 false positive diagnoses on clinical examination. Cytology was unsatisfactory in 36 per cent of benign lesions owing to poor cellularity of the sample but when considered with mammography and examination led to a reduction in biopsies for benign disease. A definitive cytological diagnosis of malignant tumours resulted in a reduction in frozen sections with a substantial saving of resources and improvement in patient counselling. No mastectomy was performed for benign disease. AUSmallwood J; Herbert A; Guyer P; Taylor I EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p841-3 MJBiopsy, Needle; Breast Diseases MNBreast Diseases /PA; Breast Neoplasms /DI; Breast /PA; False Positive Reactions; Mammography; Physical Examination MTComparative Study; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001239 TIAre the lesions of duct ectasia sterile? ABA prospective study was established to determine whether, using suitable transport media, bacteria could be isolated from the lesions of mammary duct ectasia. The results indicate that both aerobic and anaerobic organisms are present in a high proportion of patients with nipple discharge associated with this condition and in all patients who develop peri-areolar sepsis (abscess and mammillary fistulae) as part of the syndrome. The lesions of duct ectasia are therefore not sterile and the possibility exists that bacteria have a role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of this condition. AUBundred NJ; Dixon JM; Lumsden AB; Radford D; Hood J; Miles RS; Chetty U; Forrest AP EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p844-5 MJBacteria; Breast Diseases; Mastitis MNAbscess /MI; Dilatation, Pathologic /MI; Fistula /MI; Nipples /MI; Prospective Studies MTFemale; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001240 TICholedochoduodenostomy and the blind loop syndrome [letter] AUWereldsma JC EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p847 MJBlind Loop Syndrome; Common Bile Duct; Duodenum MNPostoperative Complications /ET MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001241 TIPeritoneal lavage in severe acute pancreatitis [editorial] AUImrie CW EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p677 MJPancreatitis MNAcute Disease; Irrigation; Peritoneum MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001242 TILumbar sympathectomy for arterial disease. AUCotton LT; Cross FW EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p678-83 MJLeg; Sympathectomy MNArteries /IR; Intermittent Claudication /TH; Ischemia /TH; Lumbosacral Region; Pain /TH; Rest; Sympathectomy, Chemical; Vascular Diseases /TH MCReview MTAnimal; Human RN60-54-8 (Tetracycline) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001243 TIEvolving practice in acute diverticulitis. AUKrukowski ZH; Koruth NM; Matheson NA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p684-6 MJDiverticulitis /TH MNAcute Disease; Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Diverticulitis /CO /SU; Emergencies; Intraoperative Period; Irrigation; Middle Age; Peritonitis /ET; Tetracycline /AD MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001244 TILong-term results after pancreas resection for acute necrotizing pancreatitis. ABThis study was designed to investigate the long-term effects of early pancreatic resection for acute necrotizing pancreatitis. During 1973-1978 40 resections were performed in our clinic. Eleven patients died initially (28 per cent). None of the four further deaths was due to pancreatitis or associated disorders. Twenty-four patients were re-examined 5-11 years after resection--one patient refused to participate. Five had not been able to return to work because of severe polyneuropathy; one more had retired because of chronic pancreatitis in the pancreatic remnant. Polyneuropathy was found in five further patients. The reason for this high incidence of polyneuropathy (42 per cent) remains unknown. Eight patients still drank excessive alcohol; three of them had had recurrent pancreatitis and dyspepsia, and insulin requiring diabetes. All but 2 (92 per cent) had diabetes, 14 needing insulin--half of them at 6 months to 6 years after the resection. Moreover, 11 patients (46 per cent) suffered from dyspeptic symptoms. The results suggest that because of the high frequency of late complications, in addition to the early complications, early resection of pancreas should be critically re-evaluated as the treatment for acute necrotizing pancreatitis. If resection is used in patients with extreme pancreatic necrosis, careful and continuous postoperative follow-up will be needed. AUNordback IH; Auvinen OA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p687-9 MJPancreatitis /SU MNAcute Disease; Adult; Aged; C-Peptide /BL; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Age; Necrosis; Pancreas /PA; Pancreatectomy; Pancreatitis /PA; Postoperative Complications; Time Factors MTHuman RN51-83-2 (Carbachol) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001245 TIChanges in colonic motility during the development of chronic large bowel obstruction. ABThe effect of chronic progressive distal large bowel obstruction on colonic motility was studied in six mini-pigs. Motility was detected in vivo during the development of obstruction with chronically implanted Ag/AgCl electrodes using an impedance technique. When the obstruction was complete the segments of bowel were resected and spontaneous contractile activity and response to cholinergic stimulation were studied in an organ bath. Any hypermotility resulting from obstruction was shortlived and a gradual state of hypomotility supervened proximal to the obstruction. Decompression of the bowel did not result in the immediate return of motility and the resected bowel was unresponsive to carbachol. These results suggest that spontaneous resolution of large bowel obstruction is unlikely and that motility disturbances are unlikely to be a cause of anastomotic dehiscence. AUCoxon JE; Dickson C; Taylor I EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p690-3 MJColon; Gastrointestinal Motility; Intestinal Obstruction MNCarbachol /PD; Chronic Disease; Gastrointestinal Motility /DE; Swine, Miniature; Swine; Time Factors MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001246 TISpontaneous bleeding into a parathyroid cyst. AUDick JA; Brame KG; Owen WJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p693 MJCysts; Hemorrhage; Parathyroid Diseases MNMiddle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001247 TIThe role of surgical local excision in the treatment of rectal cancer. ABSelection of patients with ulcerating rectal cancer for treatment by local excision has been governed by a policy based on clinical and histological criteria; if these criteria are not fulfilled, major resection is recommended. This policy was re-examined in three groups of patients treated by local excision: Group 1 for cure (27 patients), Group 2 due to unfitness for major surgery (13 patients), Group 3 for local tumour control in the presence of metastatic disease (6 patients). When the policy was fulfilled, there was a cancer-specific death rate of 8.3 per cent in Group 1 (two patients with poorly differentiated tumours) and 0 per cent in Group 2. Unavoidable policy breaches occurred when patients refused major surgery or were too unfit: in the latter elderly group, this did not have the adverse effect expected. It is concluded that pre-operative clinical digital assessment and histological grading are a satisfactory means of identifying a small group of tumours appropriate for local treatment and that the results justify local excision where the policy is observed. AUWhiteway J; Nicholls RJ; Morson BC EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p694-7 MJRectal Neoplasms /SU MNAdult; Aged; Methods; Middle Age; Prognosis; Rectal Neoplasms /MO /PA; Rectum /SU; Retrospective Studies MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001248 TIA multivariate analysis of clinical and pathological variables in prognosis after resection of large bowel cancer. ABData on 709 patients who had a resection for colorectal carcinoma at Concord Hospital between 1971 and 1980 were studied to determine the independent effects on survival of several patient characteristics and pathological variables using the Cox regression model. Clinicopathological stage had the strongest association. Other variables ranked according to their relative importance independent of stage were: histological grade, level of direct spread, the presence of venous invasion, age and sex of the patient and the presence of obstruction. AUChapuis PH; Dent OF; Fisher R; Newland RC; Pheils MT; Smyth E; Colquhoun K EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p698-702 MJAdenocarcinoma /SU; Colonic Neoplasms /SU; Rectal Neoplasms /SU MNAdenocarcinoma /MO /PA; Aged; Colonic Neoplasms /MO /PA; Middle Age; Prognosis; Rectal Neoplasms /MO /PA; Regression Analysis MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001249 TIImmediate resection in emergency large bowel surgery: a 7 year audit. ABIn a consecutive series of 153 emergency admissions with large bowel disease during a 7 year period, 49 per cent were for colonic obstruction, 46 per cent for peritonitis and 5 per cent for miscellaneous conditions. Urgent operation was performed on 104 (68 per cent) patients. Of those operated upon, 82 (79 per cent) had a primary resection with a mortality rate of 12.2 per cent, intraperitoneal sepsis rate of 2.4 per cent and wound sepsis rate of 7.3 per cent. The median postoperative hospital stay was 21 days. An immediate anastomosis was performed in 46 (56 per cent) patients with a mortality rate of 8.7 per cent, anastomotic leak rate of 2.2 per cent, and wound sepsis rate of 8.7 per cent. The median postoperative hospital stay was 19 days. The mortality in patients presenting with large bowel emergencies is related to age and advanced malignant disease. Immediate resection is applicable in over 80 per cent of patients requiring urgent operation and morbidity can be low and treatment economical. Immediate anastomosis after proximal colonic resection is safe and the use of intra-operative colonic irrigation permits a primary anastomosis in selected patients after emergency resection of the distal colon. AUKoruth NM; Hunter DC; Krukowski ZH; Matheson NA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p703-7 MJIntestinal Diseases /SU; Intestine, Large /SU MNAdult; Aged; Emergencies; Intestinal Diseases /MO; Intestinal Obstruction /SU; Intestine, Large /PP; Length of Stay; Middle Age; Peritonitis /SU; Postoperative Complications MTHuman; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001250 TIIntra-operative colonic irrigation in the management of left-sided large bowel emergencies. ABIn a consecutive series of 93 patients who required emergency surgery for distal colonic lesions, 61 had primary bowel resection with immediate anastomosis after intra-operative antegrade colonic irrigation. The operative mortality was 8 per cent, anastomotic leakage rate 7 per cent and superficial wound infection occurred in 3 per cent of patients. The mean hospital stay was 13 days. Of the remaining 32 patients, 3 did not have a resection and 29 had a primary resection and end colostomy without anastomosis: bowel continuity was later restored in 17 of 28 survivors (61 per cent) but 11 (39 per cent) were left with a permanent colostomy. The hospital mortality in this group was 6 per cent, superficial wound infection rate 14 per cent and the mean hospital stay 26 days. The results of this study suggest that intra-operative colonic irrigation is an effective method enabling the surgeon to perform a primary anastomosis with reasonable safety after emergency resection of selected distal colonic lesions. AUKoruth NM; Krukowski ZH; Youngson GG; Hendry WS; Logie JR; Jones PF; Munro A EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p708-11 MJColonic Diseases; Colon MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Emergencies; Intestinal Obstruction /SU; Intestinal Perforation /SU; Intraoperative Period; Irrigation; Middle Age; Peritonitis /SU MTHuman; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001251 TIRetrieval of an unusual foreign body from the second part of the duodenum. AUCase WG; Mayer AD; Benson EA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p711 MJDuodenum; Foreign Bodies MNAged; Dilatation /IS; Equipment Failure; Time Factors MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001252 TIThe results of surgery for epidermoid carcinoma of the anus. ABA series of 89 cases of anal carcinoma presenting over a 20-year period is reviewed. The majority were epidermoid carcinomas, 57 arising in the anal canal and 13 at the anal margin. The remainder were melanomas and basal cell carcinomas, and these were not considered further. The main presenting symptoms of epidermoid anal carcinomas were bleeding and pain. Tumours arising in the anal canal were commoner in women whilst those at the margin were more frequent in men. The majority (51/70) had a clinical diagnosis of malignancy made but in 19 cases this was not considered initially. The necessity for routine early histological diagnosis is stressed. Treatment was mainly surgical, either abdominoperineal resection (37 canal, 2 margin) or wide excision (8 canal, 11 margin). The 5 year survival of patients with anal margin tumours was better than those with canal lesions (50 per cent compared with 36 per cent). AUPyper PC; Parks TG EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p712-4 MJAnus Neoplasms /SU; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /SU MNAged; Anus Neoplasms /MO /PA; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /MO /PA; Middle Age; Prognosis MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001253 TITorsion of a caecal diverticulum in a young child. AUMcPherson GA; Holland S; Ross HB EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p714 MJCecal Diseases; Diverticulosis MNChild, Preschool; Rotation MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001254 TIPeculiarities of mucinous colorectal carcinoma. ABThe clinical and pathological features of 54 mucinous carcinomas of the large intestine were compared with those of 576 non-mucinous carcinomas. Tumours were only categorized as mucinous if they contained at least 60 per cent of mucin by volume. Those with a moderate mucin content (60-80 per cent) were indistinguishable in behaviour from 'non-mucinous' tumours. By contrast, those with a high mucin content (greater than 80 per cent) showed several differences from non-mucinous cancers: they had a more proximal distribution through the large intestine, they comprised a greater fraction of cancers in the under 50 age group (24 versus 7 per cent: P less than 0.01), they were more likely to be Dukes' stage 'D' (58 versus 31 per cent: P less than 0.01) and local fixity was commoner (70 versus 37 per cent: P less than 0.001). Consequently the overall resection rate was reduced from 90 to 73 per cent (P less than 0.01), the curative resection rate from 69 to 42 per cent (P less than 0.01) and the 5-year survival rate from 37 to 18 per cent (P less than 0.05). Colorectal carcinomas of high mucin content require wide excision, tend to recur locally and carry a poor prognosis. AUUmpleby HC; Ranson DL; Williamson RC EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p715-8 MJCarcinoma, Mucinous /PA; Colonic Neoplasms /PA; Rectal Neoplasms /PA MNAdenocarcinoma /MO /PA /SU; Age Factors; Aged; Carcinoma, Mucinous /MO /SU; Colonic Neoplasms /MO /SU; Middle Age; Rectal Neoplasms /MO /SU MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001255 TIPatterns of flap recurrence following mastectomy. ABFlap recurrence after mastectomy is divisible into three distinct entities: spot recurrence, multiple spot recurrence and field change. Spot recurrence and multiple spot recurrence are usually controlled by local measures and are not associated with any particular characteristics of the primary tumour. The field change type of flap recurrence is difficult to control and is associated with aggressive primary tumours (grade III, node positive, oestrogen receptor negative) and a very poor prognosis. The appearance of field change type of flap recurrence is an indication for systemic therapy. AUBlacklay PF; Campbell FC; Hinton CP; Blamey RW; Morgan DA; Elston CW; Haybittle JL EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p719-20 MJBreast Neoplasms /SU; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local MNBreast Neoplasms /MO /TH; Mastectomy; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local /TH; Prognosis MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001256 TIThe prediction of local or regional recurrence after simple mastectomy for operable breast cancer. ABBoth the histological grade of the primary tumour and lymph node status have been found to contribute significantly towards the development of a local or regional recurrence after simple mastectomy for operable breast cancer. No other factor, from a series of seven studied, has been found to be of independent significance. A small group of patients with grade III tumours, lymph node positive at mastectomy, has been identified in whom more than 40 per cent of all symptomatic local or regional recurrences occurred. The chance a patient in this group has of developing a local or regional recurrence requiring treatment within 4 years approaches 50 per cent. AUWilliams MR; Hinton CP; Todd JH; Morgan DA; Elston CW; Blamey RW EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p721-3 MJBreast Neoplasms /SU; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local MNBreast Neoplasms /PA /RT; Clinical Trials; Combined Modality Therapy; Lymph Nodes /PA; Mastectomy; Risk MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001257 TIA retrospective study of male breast cancer in Holland. ABA retrospective study has been undertaken of 104 men with breast cancer, all of them having a follow-up period of at least 5 years. In 78 cases a histological diagnosis was obtained. The preferred treatment for operable cases was radical mastectomy, in which 60 per cent positive axillary nodes were found. Five-year survival is 54 per cent and the disease-free interval is 42 per cent. Local recurrence occurred in 26 per cent and 16 per cent had developed distant metastases. The overall results are similar to those in the literature with the exception of those for stage III who did better in this series. The generally held beliefs that Klinefelter's syndrome is the strongest predisposing factor to developing male breast cancer and that gynaecomastia is not a premalignant condition are supported by this study. Comparison of results from this series, with those of women of the same age having breast cancer leads to the conclusion that the prognosis in male breast cancer is no worse than for women with comparable disease. AUvan Geel AN; van Slooten EA; Mavrunac M; Hart AA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p724-7 MJBreast Neoplasms /MO; Carcinoma, Ductal; Carcinoma, Papillary MNAdult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms /ET /PA; Carcinoma, Ductal /PA; Carcinoma, Papillary /PA; Child; Klinefelter's Syndrome /CO; Mastectomy; Middle Age; Neoplasm Staging; Netherlands; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies MTHuman; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001258 TIUltrasonographic detection of early and curable carcinoma of the gallbladder. ABFive patients with early carcinoma of the gallbladder detected by ultrasonography were studied. Three complained of non-specific upper abdominal symptoms or were asymptomatic and two had severe biliary colic. Gallstones were present in the two patients without biliary symptoms. Early carcinoma of the gallbladder was demonstrated as a polypoid tumour by ultrasound in four patients and as thickening of the gallbladder wall in one. The tumour was over 2 cm in diameter in all but one patient in whom the tumour enlarged rapidly from 5 to 10 mm. Size of the tumour and extent of spread were closely related. All but one patient underwent curative resection. Ultrasonography enhances the detection of early carcinoma of the gallbladder especially in old patients with non-specific abdominal symptoms and the operative cure rate is thereby improved. AUKoga A; Yamauchi S; Izumi Y; Hamanaka N EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p728-30 MJGallbladder Neoplasms; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNAged; Gallbladder Neoplasms /PA /SU; Gallbladder /PA /SU; Middle Age; Time Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001259 TISigmoid exclusion: a new technique in the management of radiation-induced fistula. ABColovesical and colovaginal fistulas following irradiation for pelvic malignancy represent a formidable surgical problem. Although complex surgical procedures to close the fistulas and restore continence have been described, often a defunctioning colostomy with an associated urinary conduit is the only feasible option. Three patients who have successfully undergone an original procedure (sigmoid exclusion) are presented. Sigmoid exclusion restores continence but avoids a permanent stoma. The involved sigmoid colon was isolated on its mesentery ensuring that the area incorporating the fistulas was not disrupted. The ends of the isolated sigmoid colon were closed and bowel continuity then restored by a colorectal or colo-anal anastomosis. Following closure of a temporary colostomy the patients were continent with no ill effects or sepsis from the excluded colon. This procedure has the dual advantage of restoring continence yet avoiding both an urinary conduit and a permanent colostomy, and represents a useful advance in the surgical management of radiation induced colonic fistulas. AUAitken RJ; Elliot MS EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p731-2 MJBladder Fistula; Colonic Diseases; Intestinal Fistula; Radiation Injuries; Vaginal Fistula MNAdult; Aged; Methods; Middle Age; Sigmoid /SU MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001260 TICongenital diaphragmatic hernia: a 20 year experience. ABThe records of 253 children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia admitted to The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, between 1961 and 1980 were analysed. The overall mortality of 37 per cent is greater than that reported in the preceding 13 years from the same institution, and showed no improvement over the 20 years. While there was no significant increase in the number of admissions over the study period, the proportion of children who underwent surgery within the first 6 h of life steadily increased from 13 per cent in the first five years to 39 per cent in the last five years. The mortality of this group (65 per cent) did not improve over the study period and this would account for the lack of improvement in the overall survival figures. However, analysis of birth weights, onset and severity of signs and lung weights indicates that the increasing number of early admissions was due to speedier transfer rather than to referral of more severely affected children in the later years. AUSimson JN; Eckstein HB EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p733-6 MJHernia, Diaphragmatic MNChild; Emergencies; Hernia, Diaphragmatic /MO /SU; Infant, Newborn; Lung /PA; Organ Weight; Postoperative Complications /MO; Recurrence; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001261 TIMaydl's hernia: report of a series of seven cases and review of the literature. ABSeven cases of Maydl's herniae with two patients needing resection of bowel are presented. This condition is rare and may be lethal if unrecognized. The hernial sac contains two loops of bowel with another loop of bowel being intra-abdominal. The intra-abdominal loop of bowel may become strangulated, either alone or in combination with bowel in the hernial sac. It is more often seen in men, and predominantly on the right side. Maydl's hernia should be suspected in patients with large incarcerated herniae and in patients with evidence of intra-abdominal strangulation or peritonitis. Postural or manual reduction of the hernia is contra-indicated as it may result in non-viable bowel being missed. AUGanesaratnam M EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p737-8 MJHernia, Inguinal /SU MNAdult; Aged; Constriction, Pathologic; Gangrene; Hernia, Inguinal /PA; Middle Age; Time Factors MTHuman; Male RN26124-68-5 (Polyglycolic Acid) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001262 TILayered versus mass closure of abdominal wounds in infants and children. ABA prospective trial of layered versus mass closure of laparotomy wounds was performed on 507 infants and children over a 33 month period. All wounds were sutured using polyglycolic acid sutures. There were four wound failures including one disruption in the layered closure group and one wound failure in the mass closure group. The incisional hernias healed spontaneously. Either method of closure yields good results and non-absorbable sutures are unnecessary. AUKiely EM; Spitz L EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p739-40 MJLaparotomy MNChild, Preschool; Child; Hernia, Ventral /ET; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Polyglycolic Acid; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Surgical Wound Infection /ET; Sutures MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN108-95-2 (phenol) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001263 TIA randomized trial to compare single with multiple phenol injection treatment for haemorrhoids. ABOne hundred and twenty consecutive patients were entered into a randomized trial of single versus multiple phenol injection for the treatment of haemorrhoids. Follow-up at 3 and 12 months was available in 105 patients (56 in the single group and 49 in the multiple group). The results have shown that injection therapy, whether this be single or multiple, is an extremely effective form of therapy for patients with first or second degree haemorrhoids. AUKhoury GA; Lake SP; Lewis MC; Lewis AA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p741-2 MJHemorrhoids; Phenols /TU; Sclerosing Solutions MNAdult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Drug Administration Schedule; Middle Age; Phenols /AD MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001264 TICholecystohepaticodochal fistula: the value of pre-operative recognition. AUFan ST; Lau WY; Lee MJ; Wong KP; Wong KK EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p743-4 MJBiliary Fistula; Common Bile Duct Diseases; Gallbladder Diseases; Hepatic Duct, Common MNAged; Bile Duct Diseases /RA; Cholangiography; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001265 TIHaematuria after blunt trauma: the role of pyelography. ABThis study is a combined prospective and retrospective review of 208 patients presenting with haematuria after blunt abdominal trauma. One hundred and twelve patients had an urgent intravenous pyelogram (IVP) with cystogram performed, while the remaining ninety-six were observed with serial urinalysis without any further investigation. Nineteen of the twenty-three patients with a positive IVP had gross haematuria and the remaining four had microscopic haematuria. Twenty-two of the patients with an abnormal IVP had positive abdominal signs, whilst only one case (with severe head injury) had no abdominal signs. In the 96 cases who were observed without IVP no complications occurred. It is suggested that if certain clinical criteria are observed most patients with post-traumatic microscopic haematuria can safely be spared an IVP. Indications for emergency IVP should include: gross haematuria or microscopic haematuria associated with abdominal signs or severe head injury or fracture of pelvis or spine. Had these criteria been observed during this study, 130 patients (62 per cent) would have avoided the risks and expenses of an IVP, and no significant urological injury would have been missed. AUDemetriades D; Rabinowitz B; Sofianos C; Landau A EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p745-7 MJHematuria /RA; Wounds, Nonpenetrating /RA MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Bladder /IN; Child, Preschool; Child; Emergencies; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; Hematuria /ET; Kidney /IN; Middle Age; Rupture; Urography; Wounds, Nonpenetrating /CO MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001266 TIIntramuscular haemangioma of the extremities: is computerized tomography useful? ABFourteen patients with intramuscular haemangiomas of the extremities were included in the study. All had computerized tomography (CT) and thirteen had angiography. Twelve of the thirteen were operated upon. CT scan proved to be an extremely valuable tool in the pre-operative planning as the extent of the lesion could be assessed accurately by this method; in most cases this was not possible with angiography. AUChristenson JT; Gunterberg B EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p748-50 MJExtremities; Hemangioma; Muscular Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MNAdolescence; Adult; Arm /RA; Child; Leg /RA MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001267 TIPeripheral resistance measurement in the assessment of severe peripheral vascular disease. ABThirty-seven patients undergoing femoropopliteal, fifteen undergoing femorodistal reconstruction and seven below knee amputees were subjected to prospective measurement of peripheral resistance. Resistance was significantly higher in the amputation and femorodistal groups than in the femoropopliteal group (P less than 0.03 and P less than 0.005 at 76 ml/min). In the femoropopliteal group patients with three vessel runoff had a significantly lower resistance than those with two or single vessel runoff (P less than 0.01). In the femoropopliteal group resistance of patent grafts at four months was significantly less than thrombosed grafts (P less than 0.006). Patients with a resistance less than 1200 mPRU had a significantly better patency than those in whom the resistance was greater than 1200 mPRU (P less than 0.05). Taking all the failed grafts there was a significant correlation between graft patency and resistance (P less than 0.003). Resistance measurement has been shown to correlate with the severity of the disease, with runoff defined radiographically and with graft patency. In a simplified form it may prove a useful adjunct to other methods of assessment in patients with distal disease. AUParvin SD; Evans DH; Bell PR EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p751-3 MJVascular Diseases; Vascular Resistance MNAmputation; Arteries /PP; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Femoral Artery /SU; Graft Occlusion, Vascular /PP; Leg /SU; Popliteal Artery /SU; Prospective Studies; Vascular Diseases /SU MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001268 TIInternal iliac aneurysm and arteriovenous fistula presenting with pulmonary embolism. AUCampbell WB; van Beek DF; Wood RF EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p754-5 MJAneurysm; Arteriovenous Fistula; Iliac Artery; Iliac Vein; Pulmonary Embolism MNAged MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001269 TIAorto-enteric fistula caused by an atheromatous plaque penetrating a Dacron graft. AUHill RA; Blair SD EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p755 MJAortic Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Fistula; Intestinal Fistula; Jejunal Diseases MNAorta, Abdominal /SU; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001270 TICystic adventitial disease of the common femoral and popliteal arteries. ABCystic adventitial arterial disease (CAAD) is usually situated in the popliteal artery and is a well recognized cause of intermittent claudication in otherwise healthy, young, non-smokers. Three cases of CAAD have recently been encountered, involving the popliteal artery in two patients and the common femoral in one. Two of these patients were hypertensive smokers in their sixth decades and only one was an otherwise healthy non-smoker, but all three had a characteristically rapid onset of symptoms. All had angiographic appearances suggestive of CAAD, confirmed by ultrasound and CAT scanning in one patient. Two were treated by resection of the affected artery and a replacement graft, both with excellent results. One popliteal lesion was bypassed with a vein graft which occluded after 3 months. CAAD may occur more commonly than generally realized. It can present in patients whose condition suggests an atheromatous cause for their symptoms. Since good results can be expected from appropriate surgical treatment in most cases, CAAD should be considered in the diagnosis of all patients with claudication, particularly when the onset has been rapid. AUHall RI; Proud G; Chamberlain J; McNeil IF EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p756-8 MJArterial Occlusive Diseases; Cysts; Femoral Artery; Popliteal Artery MNIntermittent Claudication /ET; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001271 TIStudy of cardiothoracic wound infection at St. Thomas' Hospital. ABWound infection occurred after 14.3 per cent of 433 open heart operations. In 309, saphenous veins were harvested for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and 8.7 per cent of sternal wounds and 12.9 per cent of leg wounds were infected. Only 1.6 per cent of the remaining 124 patients who had open heart operations without leg surgery suffered sternal wound infections. In the CABG group sternal infection was theatre-related and significantly associated with length of pre-operative stay, diabetes and re-operation. Similar organisms were isolated from both leg and sternal wounds which suggest that organisms were transferred from legs to sternum with the veins. No clinically relevant cross infection was demonstrated. Skin disinfection and surgical technique seem more important than antibiotic prophylaxis in the control of these infections. AUFarrington M; Webster M; Fenn A; Phillips I EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p759-62 MJHeart Surgery; Surgical Wound Infection MNAortocoronary Bypass /AE; Bacteria /IP; Diabetes Mellitus /CO; Leg /SU; Middle Age; Reoperation; Risk; Saphenous Vein /TR; Sternum; Surgical Wound Infection /MI MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001272 TISecondary carcinomatous infiltration of the penis: palliation with radiotherapy. ABSecondary carcinomatous involvement of the penis is surprisingly uncommon considering its proximity to the site of many common primary malignancies. Management of this unpleasant condition is difficult and should be primarily aimed at palliative relief of symptoms. Four cases are presented, two with primary prostatic adenocarcinoma, one rectal carcinoma and one carcinoma of the caecum. Three of these patients, on developing penile involvement, were subjected to a single course of radiotherapy. This resulted in marked relief of pain and reduction in tumour bulk allowing an improvement in micturition, where obstructive symptoms were present. Due to the small number of cases available treatment cannot be prospectively evaluated. A logical palliative treatment for metastatic penile disease is suggested. AUGillatt DA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p763-4 MJAdenocarcinoma /SC; Palliative Treatment; Penile Neoplasms /SC MNAdenocarcinoma /RT; Adult; Aged; Penile Neoplasms /RT MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001273 TIXanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis associated with pyeloduodenal fistula. AUCheatle TR; Waldron RP; Arkell DG EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p764 MJDuodenal Diseases; Granuloma; Intestinal Fistula; Pyelonephritis; Xanthomatosis MNFistula /ET; Kidney Diseases /ET; Kidney Pelvis; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001275 TISelective visceral angiography for unexplained acute gastrointestinal bleeding [letter] AUCrofts D EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p765-6 MJHemorrhage, Gastrointestinal MNAcute Disease; Angiography MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001276 TISpontaneous oesophageal rupture [letter] AUSchein M; Saadia R; Jamieson JR EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p766 MJEsophageal Diseases MNRupture, Spontaneous; Time Factors MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001277 TIDiagnosis of gallstones [letter] AUGoodman AJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p767 MJCholelithiasis MNGallbladder /RI; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001278 TIRisks of biliary surgery in the elderly [letter] AUStoller JL; Burhenne HJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p767-8 MJCholelithiasis MNAged; Cholecystectomy /MT; Risk MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001279 TICirculating levels of fibronectin in surgical patients [letter] AUBrown RA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p768 MJFibronectins; Surgery, Operative MNPostoperative Period MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001280 TIFrontiers in colorectal disease. St. Mark's Hospital 150th anniversary international conference supplement. EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS1-143 MJColonic Diseases; Rectal Diseases MNColonic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001281 TIMegacolon in adults. AUBarnes PR EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS10-2 MJMegacolon MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Megacolon /TH; Middle Age; Rectum /PP MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001282 TIContinuing experience with single layer appositional anastomosis in the large bowel. ABResults of continuing experience with single layer appositional anastomosis of the large bowel during 8 years (1977-84) were extracted from a prospective computerized audit of all abdominal operations under one consultant. After 204 elective operations mortality rate was 1.5 per cent: there were no deaths from anastomotic leakage. The total incidence of wound infection (including late infections) was 2.0 percent. The median duration of postoperative stay was 9.7 days and the mode 8 days. Three clinical anastomotic leaks (total incidence 1.5 per cent) occurred in 140 patients (2.1 per cent) after elective colorectal anastomoses. A restorative anastomosis was made in 86 per cent of patients with rectal carcinoma 6-12 cm from the anus and in 29 per cent with tumours below 6 cm. The overall incidence of a permanent stoma for rectosigmoid carcinoma was 19 per cent. 'Protective colostomy' and anastomotic drains were not used. The safety and applicability of single layer anastomosis in the rectum are compared with those of stapling. AUMatheson NA; McIntosh CA; Krukowski ZH EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS104-6 MJIntestine, Large MNAdult; Aged; Colon /SU; Methods; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications; Rectal Neoplasms /SU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001283 TIEffect of adjuvant chemo- or immunotherapy on the prognosis of colorectal cancer operated for cure. ABAfter radical surgery for colorectal cancer, 178 patients with a Dukes' B or C tumour were randomly assigned to one of three groups: A, controls (n = 62); B, chemotherapy (n = 59); C, immunotherapy (n = 57). Randomization criteria (age, sex, Dukes' stage, localization of tumour, operative procedure) were evenly distributed throughout the groups. After a median observation time of 30 months, statistical analyses were performed: survival and probability to be free of recurrence was described by Kaplan-Meier estimates of the survival function; for comparison of these survival functions, Breslow's test was used. Overall analyses show no benefit in the treatment group compared to controls. Separate analyses by Dukes' stages showed that in patients with Dukes' C tumours the probability of survival 40 months after surgery was 72 per cent in group C, 51 per cent in group B, and 33 per cent in group A. The differences between groups C and A, and B and A were statistically significant (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.03 respectively). For a Dukes' C tumour the probability to be free of distant metastases at 30 months after surgery was 80 per cent in group B, 68 per cent in group C and 52 per cent in group A. Also for a Dukes' C tumour the probability to be free of liver metastases at 21 months after surgery was 83 per cent in group B, 81 per cent in group C, and 54 per cent in group A (significant differences: B-A and C-A P less than 0.04 for both). There was no influence on the estimated incidence of local recurrences for stage Dukes' C. Patients with a Dukes' B tumour did not benefit from either of the adjuvant therapy schemes. AUWunderlich M; Schiessel R; Rainer H; Rauhs R; Kovats E; Schemper M; Dittrich C; Micksche M; Sedlacek HH EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS107-10 MJAdjuvants, Immunologic /TU; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic /TU; Colonic Neoplasms /TH; Rectal Neoplasms /TH MNAdjuvants, Immunologic /AE; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic /AE; Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Colonic Neoplasms /SU; Middle Age; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prognosis; Random Allocation; Rectal Neoplasms /SU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001284 TIEvacuation proctography in obstructed defaecation and rectal intussusception. ABThe symptoms of obstructed defaecation may present as a number of different syndromes including descending perineum, solitary rectal ulcer, irritable bowel and mucosal or complete rectal prolapse. In order to clarify the pathophysiology of obstructed defaecation we carried out dynamic and static radiological investigations together with manometric and electrophysiological measurements in ten patients with severe, intractable obstructed defaecation. Results were compared with a total of 35 control subjects. There were no significant differences in sphincter pressures or the recto-anal inhibitory reflex between patients and controls. Mean motor unit potential duration was prolonged in patients compared with controls (P less than 0.02) in the puborectalis and external sphincter indicative of neuropathic changes. X-ray measurements of the anorectal angle and perineal descent at rest showed no differences. However, obstructed defaecation patients had a greater increase in anorectal angle on straining (P less than 0.02) and significantly more descent on straining (P less than 0.002). Fast film sequence evacuation proctography showed that the anal canal was occluded by anterior rectal wall in four patients and five patients had variants of recto-rectal intussusception without overt rectal prolapse, which explained the obstructive symptoms. This information should allow the surgeon to follow a rational treatment programme based on the anatomical abnormality. AUBartolo DC; Roe AM; Virjee J; Mortensen NJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS111-6 MJConstipation /RA; Intussusception /RA; Rectal Diseases /RA; Rectum /RA MNAdult; Aged; Constipation /PP; Electrophysiology; Intussusception /PP; Manometry; Middle Age; Rectal Diseases /PP; Rectum /PP MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001285 TIIntrarectal ultrasound and computed tomography in the pre- and postoperative assessment of patients with rectal cancer. ABThe ability of intrarectal ultrasound to recognize the local extent of disease was investigated in 23 patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the lower two-thirds of the rectum before operation. Two probes, 12 cm long, working at a frequency of 3.5 and 7.5 MHz, were used. The results were compared with those of pre-operative computed tomography (CT) and with the pathological report of the resected specimens. Sonography correctly staged 20 of 23 tumours with two false negatives and one false positive, while CT correctly staged 19 of 23 tumours with two false negatives and two false positives. The results of ultrasound were found to be as accurate as those of CT; the low cost and simple use of ultrasound makes it preferable in the pre-operative assessment of the depth of invasion of rectal cancer. In addition, intrarectal ultrasound was routinely performed in 42 patients, operated on for rectal cancer by means of sphincter-saving procedures, at variable intervals in the first 2 years postoperatively. Eight local recurrences were recognized and confirmed by CT. Based on the low cost, reliability and simple use, intrarectal ultrasound is proposed as first examination for local recurrence detection in the follow-up of patients with low anterior resection for rectal cancer. AURomano G; de Rosa P; Vallone G; Rotondo A; Grassi R; Santangelo ML EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS117-9 MJAdenocarcinoma; Rectal Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNAdenocarcinoma /RA; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Rectal Neoplasms /RA MTComparative Study; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001286 TIConstipation: results of surgical treatment. AUTodd IP EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS12-3 MJConstipation MNColectomy /AE MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001287 TIAnorectal incontinence: electrophysiological tests. AUSwash M EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS14-5 MJFecal Incontinence MNElectromyography; Electrophysiology; Fecal Incontinence /PP MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001288 TIRisk factors in childbirth causing damage to the pelvic floor innervation. AUSnooks SJ; Swash M; Henry MM; Setchell M EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS15-7 MJFecal Incontinence; Labor Complications; Pelvis MNAdolescence; Adult; Obstetrical Forceps; Parity; Pelvis /IR; Perineum /IN; Pregnancy; Risk; Time Factors MTFemale; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001289 TIResults of postanal repair: a retrospective study. AUHenry MM; Simson JN EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS17-9 MJAnus /SU; Fecal Incontinence /SU MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Anus /PP; Child; Fecal Incontinence /PP; Middle Age; Retrospective Studies MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001290 TISphincter injuries: indications for, and results of sphincter repair. AUMotson RW EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS19-21 MJAnus /SU; Fecal Incontinence MNAnus /IN /PP; Postoperative Complications MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001291 TINervous control of the gut. AUWingate DL EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS2-3 MJGastrointestinal System MNNeural Transmission; Vagus Nerve /PH MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001292 TIGracilis muscle transposition for anal incontinence: late results. AUCorman ML EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS21-2 MJAnus; Fecal Incontinence; Muscles MNAdult; Middle Age; Transplantation, Autologous MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001293 TIMagnitude of risk for cancer in patients with colorectal adenomas. AUMorson BC; Bussey HJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS23-5 MJAdenoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Rectal Neoplasms MNNeoplasms, Multiple Primary; Retrospective Studies; Risk MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001294 TIPolyp follow-up: how, who for and how often? AUWilliams CB EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS25-6 MJColonic Polyps; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local MNAge Factors; Colonoscopy; Follow-Up Studies; Risk; Time Factors MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001295 TIFollow-up after removal of colorectal adenomas and radical surgery for colorectal carcinomas. AUKronborg O EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS26-8 MJAdenoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms MNColonoscopy; Follow-Up Studies; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Time Factors MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001296 TIThe rectum in adenomatous polyposis: the St. Mark's policy. AUBussey HJ; Eyers AA; Ritchie SM; Thomson JP EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS29-31 MJIntestinal Polyps /SU; Rectal Neoplasms /SU; Rectum /SU MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Colectomy; Intestinal Polyps /MO; Middle Age; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Postoperative Complications; Rectal Neoplasms /MO; Rectum /PP; Risk MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001297 TIPhysiological reactions of the gastrointestinal tract to stress. AUThompson DG EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS3-4 MJGastrointestinal System; Stress MNCold; Dichotic Listening Tests MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001298 TIFamilial polyposis. AUBeart RW Jr EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS31-2 MJIntestinal Polyps MNColectomy; Intestinal Polyps /SU; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local MTHuman RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001299 TIHLA and genetic marker studies in adenomatous polyposis. AUBodmer J; Kennedy L; Brennan J; Bodmer W EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS32-5 MJGenetic Marker; HLA Antigens; Intestinal Polyps; Precancerous Conditions MNDNA /GE; Intestinal Polyps /IM; Pedigree; Polymorphism (Genetics); Precancerous Conditions /IM MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001300 TIExperimental intestinal carcinogenesis. AUNigro ND; Bull AW EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS36-7 MJDiet; Intestinal Neoplasms MNDietary Fats /AE; Dietary Fiber /PD; Diet /AE; Neoplasms, Experimental /ET; Rats MCReview MTAnimal IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001301 TICancer of the large bowel: human carcinogenesis. AUHill MJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS37-9 MJIntestinal Neoplasms; Intestine, Large MNAdenoma /ET; Bile Acids and Salts /ME; Diet; Environment; Intestinal Neoplasms /FG /OC MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001302 TIGenetic aspects of carcinogenesis. AUSheer D EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS39-41 MJNeoplasms MNAdenocarcinoma /FG; Cell Line; Chromosome Aberrations; Colonic Neoplasms /FG; Karyotyping; Oncogenes; Rectal Neoplasms /FG MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001303 TIVisceral pain. AUKendall GP EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS4-5 MJAbdomen /PP; Pain MNAbdomen /IR; Gastrointestinal System /PP; Sensory Thresholds MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001304 TIAntibody markers. AUMakin CA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS42 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Colonic Neoplasms /IM; Rectal Neoplasms /IM MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /TU; Colonic Neoplasms /DI; Rectal Neoplasms /DI MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001305 TIRadioimmunoscintigraphy of cancer. AUBritton KE; Granowska M EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS43-4 MJNeoplasms MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Radioimmunoassay MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001306 TICarcinoembryonic antigen and recurrent colorectal cancer. AUNorthover JM EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS44-6 MJCarcinoembryonic Antigen; Colonic Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Rectal Neoplasms MNColonic Neoplasms /SU; Prognosis; Rectal Neoplasms /SU; Reoperation MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001307 TIClinicopathological staging of colorectal cancer: has the time arrived? AUDavis NC; Evans EB; Cohen JR; Theile DE; Job D EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS47-8 MJColonic Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Rectal Neoplasms MNColonic Neoplasms /SU; Neoplasm Metastasis; Rectal Neoplasms /SU MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001308 TIImaging. AUBartram CI EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS49-50 MJColonic Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Rectal Neoplasms MNColonic Neoplasms /RA; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Rectal Neoplasms /RA; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001309 TIMechanisms of flatulence and diarrhoea. AURead NW EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS5-6 MJDiarrhea; Flatulence MNColonic Diseases, Functional /PP; Defecation MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001310 TIClinical local staging of rectal cancer. AUNicholls RJ; Galloway DJ; Mason AY; Boyle P EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS51-2 MJNeoplasm Staging; Rectal Neoplasms /PA MNNeoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Rectal Neoplasms /MO MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001311 TIHistological criteria for local excision. AUMorson BC EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS53-4 MJColonic Neoplasms /SU; Intestinal Polyps /SU; Rectal Neoplasms /SU MNBiopsy; Colonic Neoplasms /PA; Intestinal Polyps /PA; Methods; Rectal Neoplasms /PA MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001312 TIIndications for local excision of rectal cancer. AUKillingback MJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS54-6 MJRectal Neoplasms /SU MNAdult; Aged; Methods; Middle Age; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Rectal Neoplasms /MO /PA MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001313 TITechniques of local surgical excision for rectal carcinoma. AUMann CV EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS57-8 MJRectal Neoplasms MNMethods MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001314 TIAdjuvant radiotherapy in rectal cancer: the MRC trials. AUDuncan W EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS59-62 MJRectal Neoplasms /RT MNClinical Trials; Great Britain; Radiotherapy /AE; Rectal Neoplasms /MO /SU MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001315 TIPre-operative radiotherapy in operable rectal cancer: interim report of a trial carried out by the Rectal Cancer Group. AUPorter NH; Nicholls RJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS62-4 MJAdenocarcinoma; Rectal Neoplasms /RT MNClinical Trials; Postoperative Complications; Rectal Neoplasms /MO /SU MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001316 TIRadiation therapy and rectal carcinoma: The Princess Margaret Hospital experience. AUCummings BJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS64-6 MJAdenocarcinoma /RT; Rectal Neoplasms /RT MNAdenocarcinoma /PA /SU; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Rectal Neoplasms /PA /SU MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001317 TIFaecal occult blood testing: sensitivity and specificity. AUMacrae FA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS67-9 MJColonic Neoplasms; Occult Blood; Rectal Neoplasms MNAdenoma /DI; Chromium Radioisotopes /DU; Methods MCReview MTComparative Study; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001318 TIA control trial of faecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer: 2-year results. AUHardcastle JD; Armitage NC; Chamberlain J; Balfour TW; Amar SS EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS69-71 MJColonic Neoplasms; Occult Blood; Rectal Neoplasms MNAdenoma /DI; Clinical Trials; Colonic Neoplasms /PA; Follow-Up Studies; Neoplasm Staging; Rectal Neoplasms /PA MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001319 TIPathophysiology of constipation. AULennard-Jones JE EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS7-8 MJConstipation /PP MNColon /PP; Constipation /ME /PX; Defecation; Dietary Fiber /ME; Sex Hormones /ME MCReview MTFemale; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001320 TIThe feasibility of large scale population screening. AUEkelund G; Carlsson U; Janzon L EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS71-2 MJColonic Neoplasms; Mass Screening; Rectal Neoplasms MNAged; Colonic Neoplasms /OC; Middle Age; Occult Blood; Rectal Neoplasms /OC; Sweden MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001321 TIDark red bleeding as a marker for large bowel neoplasms: a pilot study. AUSilman AJ; Mitchell P; Nicholls RJ; Macrae F; Leicester RJ; Bartram CI; Simmons M; Campbell P; Constable P; Hearn D EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS72-4 MJIntestinal Neoplasms; Intestine, Large MNAdenoma /DI; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal; Occult Blood MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001322 TIIleorectal anastomosis. AUHawley PR EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS75-6 MJAnus; Colitis, Ulcerative; Ileum MNColectomy; Methods; Postoperative Complications MTComparative Study; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001323 TIRestorative proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir. AUNicholls RJ; Moskowitz RL; Shepherd NA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS76-9 MJColectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative /SU; Ileum; Intestinal Polyps /SU MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative /PP; Defecation; Intestinal Polyps /PP; Postoperative Complications MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001324 TIArbuthnot Lane's disease: chronic intestinal stasis. AUPreston DM EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS8-10 MJConstipation MNAdult; Chronic Disease; Colon /PP; Constipation /TH; Defecation; Gastrointestinal Motility MCReview MTFemale; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001325 TIIleal 'J' pouch-anal anastomosis. AUDozois RR EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS80-2 MJAnus; Colitis, Ulcerative /SU; Ileum; Intestinal Polyps /SU MNColitis, Ulcerative /PP; Defecation; Intestinal Polyps /PP; Methods; Postoperative Complications MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001326 TIDysplasia and cancer in inflammatory bowel disease. AURiddell RH EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS83 MJColitis, Ulcerative; Intestinal Neoplasms /ET; Precancerous Conditions /DI MNColitis, Ulcerative /PA; Intestinal Neoplasms /CL /DI; Precancerous Conditions /CL /PA MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001327 TICancer risk in ulcerative colitis: surveillance or surgery. AULennard-Jones JE EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS84-6 MJColitis, Ulcerative; Colonic Neoplasms /ET; Rectal Neoplasms /ET MNAdult; Age Factors; Aged; Colonic Neoplasms /DI; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Age; Precancerous Conditions /DI; Rectal Neoplasms /DI; Risk MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001328 TICrohn's disease in childhood. AUSanderson IR; Walker-Smith JA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS87-90 MJCrohn Disease MNChild; Crohn Disease /OC /TH; Food, Formulated; Steroids /TU MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001329 TICrohn's disease in young people. AURitchie JK EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS90-1 MJCrohn Disease /TH MNAdolescence; Child; Crohn Disease /MO; Follow-Up Studies MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001330 TIThe short bowel. AUMclntyre PB EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS92-3 MJMalabsorption Syndromes; Short Bowel Syndrome MNElectrolytes /TU; Food, Fortified; Short Bowel Syndrome /ME MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001331 TIThe management of internal fistulae in Crohn's disease. AUGlass RE EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS93-5 MJCrohn Disease; Intestinal Fistula /ET MNCrohn Disease /DT /SU; Intestinal Fistula /DT /SU; Postoperative Complications MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001332 TIAnal lesions in Crohn's disease. AULockhart-Mummery HE EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS95-6 MJAnus Diseases; Crohn Disease MNAnus Diseases /PA /SU; Crohn Disease /PA /SU MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001333 TIEpidermoid cancer of the anus. AUGreenall MJ; Quan SH; DeCosse JJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS97-103 MJAnus Neoplasms /TH; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /TH MNAnus Neoplasms /PA /SU; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /PA /SU; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging MCReview MTHuman RN9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001334 TIBrittle diabetes [editorial] AUTattersall R EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p555-7 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent MNAdolescence; Blood Glucose /ME; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /ME /PX; Factitious Disorders /DI; Hyperglycemia /PC; Insulin Resistance; Insulin /TU; Ketosis, Diabetic /TH; Stress, Psychological /CO MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001335 TIEthics and politics [editorial] AUNicholson R EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p557 MJEthics, Medical; Politics MNAcademies and Institutes; Great Britain MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001336 TIServices for people with head injury [editorial] AUGloag D EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p557-8 MJHead Injuries MNCognition Disorders /RH; Great Britain; Quality of Health Care; Rehabilitation Centers /SD; Time Factors MTHuman; Male RN15676-16-1 (Sulpiride); 1852-49-9 (pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide); 2479-90-5 (estrone-3-glucuronide); 26445-07-8 (Pregnanediol); 53-16-7 (Estrone); 68-22-4 (Norethindrone); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001337 TISulpiride and the potentiation of progestogen only contraception. ABA progestogen (norethisterone) and a dopamine antagonist (sulpiride) were given alone and in combination to volunteers to examine their effects on excretion of ovarian steroids. Compared with non-treatment cycles (n = 15), contraception with a progestogen alone (n = 10) was associated with increased excretion of oestrone and partial suppression of excretion of pregnanediol, suggesting partial luteinization of unruptured follicles. By contrast, the combination of norethisterone and sulpiride (n = 9) suppressed both ovarian steroids to basal values, the suppression being even greater than with sulpiride alone (n = 5). These results suggest that a combination of a progestogen with a dopamine antagonist might have a role in contraception. AUPayne MR; Howie PW; McNeilly AS; Cooper W; Marnie M; Kidd L EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p559-61 MJContraceptives, Oral; Norethindrone; Sulpiride MNAdult; Drug Synergism; Estrogenic Substances, Conjugated /UR; Estrone /AA /UR; Menstrual Cycle; Ovary /SE; Pregnanediol /AA /UR; Prolactin /BL MTFemale; Human RN36894-69-6 (Labetalol); 52-53-9 (Verapamil); 87-33-2 (Isosorbide Dinitrate) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001338 TIEffect of isosorbide dinitrate, verapamil, and labetalol on portal pressure in cirrhosis. ABThe effects on portal pressure of the vasodilatory drugs isosorbide dinitrate and verapamil and of an alpha and beta blocking agent, labetalol, were assessed in 21 patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The wedged hepatic venous pressure gradient (wedged minus free hepatic venous pressures) was used as an index of portal pressure and was not significantly changed by treatment with labetalol (n = 5) but was significantly decreased by verapamil (n = 6; p less than 0.05) and isosorbide dinitrate (n = 10; p less than 0.01). Long term administration of isosorbide dinitrate also had a significant effect (p less than 0.01). AUFreeman JG; Barton JR; Record CO EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p561-2 MJHypertension, Portal /DT; Isosorbide Dinitrate; Labetalol; Liver Cirrhosis; Verapamil MNHypertension, Portal /CO; Liver Cirrhosis /PP; Venous Pressure MTHuman RN555-30-6 (Methyldopa); 6452-71-7 (Oxprenolol); 86-54-4 (Hydralazine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001339 TIAntihypertensive treatment in pregnancy: analysis of different responses to oxprenolol and methyldopa. ABOne hundred and eighty three hypertensive pregnant women were randomly assigned to antihypertensive treatment with oxprenolol (96 women) or methyldopa (87 women). Control of hypertension was equivalent in both treatment groups, and in 64 (35%) cases hydralazine had to be added to the treatment to achieve the therapeutic goal (diastolic blood pressure below 85 mm Hg). Five perinatal deaths occurred, one in the oxprenolol group and four in the methyldopa group. Detailed analysis confirmed a previous report of greater fetal growth in the group treated with oxprenolol; this trend was present regardless of severity of hypertension and parity. With increasing duration of treatment the differences between the two groups diminished, and there was no difference after 10 weeks of treatment, a finding that may explain some of the reported discrepancies among therapeutic studies. As hypertension in pregnancy may pursue an accelerated course, necessitating urgent delivery, and there is no satisfactory method of predicting the duration of treatment in individual patients fetal benefit is most likely to be achieved by treatment with oxprenolol, provided that there is no maternal contraindication to treatment with beta blockers. AUGallery ED; Ross MR; Gyory AZ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p563-6 MJHypertension; Methyldopa; Oxprenolol; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular MNAdult; Birth Weight; Clinical Trials; Hydralazine /TU; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Random Allocation MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN10024-97-2 (Nitrous Oxide); 59-30-3 (Folic Acid); 68-19-9 (Vitamin B 12); 9007-49-2 (DNA); 951-78-0 (Deoxyuridine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001340 TIToxicity of bone marrow in dentists exposed to nitrous oxide. ABThe morphology of the bone marrow of 21 dentists who habitually used nitrous oxide in their surgeries was investigated. Exposure to nitrous oxide was measured with an atmospheric sampling device, and each dentist was invited to fill in a questionnaire giving details of medical history, diet, and intake of alcohol. During the trial a full neurological and haematological investigation was carried out and a bone marrow aspirate was examined both morphologically and by the deoxyuridine suppression test. Mean exposures to nitrous oxide ranged from 159 to 4600 parts per million. In all subjects serum vitamin B12 and folate concentrations were within normal limits. Abnormal results of deoxyuridine suppression tests were obtained in three of the 20 dentists tested; two of these three had abnormal white cells in their peripheral blood films. This study provides direct evidence that occupational exposure to nitrous oxide may cause depression of vitamin B12 activity resulting in measurable changes in bone marrow secondary to impaired synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. AUSweeney B; Bingham RM; Amos RJ; Petty AC; Cole PV EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p567-9 MJAnesthesia, Dental; Bone Marrow; Dentists; Nitrous Oxide; Occupational Diseases MNBone Marrow /ME /PA; DNA /BI; Deoxyuridine /PD; Folic Acid /BL; Occupational Diseases /ME /PA; Vitamin B 12 /BL MTHuman; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (feverfew); 113-15-5 (Ergotamine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001341 TIEfficacy of feverfew as prophylactic treatment of migraine. ABSeventeen patients who ate fresh leaves of feverfew daily as prophylaxis against migraine participated in a double blind placebo controlled trial of the herb: eight patients received capsules containing freeze dried feverfew powder and nine placebo. Those who received placebo had a significant increase in the frequency and severity of headache, nausea, and vomiting with the emergence of untoward effects during the early months of treatment. The group given capsules of feverfew showed no change in the frequency or severity of symptoms of migraine. This provides evidence that feverfew taken prophylactically prevents attacks of migraine, and confirmatory studies are now indicated, preferably with a formulation controlled for sesquiterpene lactone content, in migraine sufferers who have never treated themselves with this herb. AUJohnson ES; Kadam NP; Hylands DM; Hylands PJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p569-73 MJMigraine; Plants, Medicinal; Sesquiterpenes MNAdult; Blood Pressure /DE; Body Weight; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Ergotamine /TU; Middle Age; Nausea; Vomiting MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.- (Plasminogen Activators); 0 (plasminogen activator inhibitor) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001342 TIPlasminogen activator inhibitor in the blood of patients with coronary artery disease. AUParamo JA; Colucci M; Collen D; van de Werf F EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p573-4 MJCoronary Disease; Glycoproteins; Plasminogen Activators MNAdult; Aged; Antigens /AN; Fibrinolysis; Middle Age; Plasminogen Activators /IM MTFemale; Human; Male RN53-03-2 (Prednisone); 53-43-0 (Dehydroepiandrosterone); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 651-48-9 (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate); 7440-66-6 (Zinc); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001343 TIPlasma testosterone concentrations in asthmatic men treated with glucocorticoids. AUReid IR; Ibbertson HK; France JT; Pybus J EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p574 MJAsthma; Prednisone; Testosterone MNAdult; Aged; Asthma /DT; Dehydroepiandrosterone /AA /BL; FSH /BL; LH /BL; Middle Age; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin /ME; Zinc /BL MTHuman; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001344 TIGeneral practitioner and long term care of patients with a spinal injury. ABA questionnaire was sent to disabled people to ascertain what part their general practitioners played in their long term care. The average consultation rate was 4.40 per patient a year. Overall, it appeared that the patients were most concerned with the general practitioner's attitude towards them and the general practitioner's availability. AUMulroy R EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p575-7 MJFamily Practice; Spinal Injuries MNAdult; Attitude of Health Personnel; England; Health Services Accessibility; Long Term Care; Middle Age; Physician-Patient Relations MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001345 TIPractical considerations in conducting research in primary medical care. AUMurphy EA EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p577-8 MJPrimary Health Care MNAntibiotics /TU; Child; Otitis Media /DT; Parents; Professional-Family Relations; Research MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001346 TIRett's syndrome in the west of Scotland. ABNineteen girls with characteristic features of Rett's syndrome, including normal initial development, regression at about 12 months of age, repetitive hand movements, and severe mental handicap were studied. This represents an estimated incidence of one in 30 000 live births (one in 15 000 girls) in the west of Scotland. Although the children were often initially considered to be autistic, they did not conform to this diagnosis as they made good personal contact within the limits of their mental development. The developmental regression was sometimes falsely attributed to vaccination. Each child showed striking involuntary movements and abnormality of tone, varying from hypotonia, which was found only in the youngest, to rigidity, which was common in older girls; this permitted classification into three clinical subtypes. The abnormalities were highly suggestive of an extrapyramidal disorder, and this has implications for further research and possible treatment. AUKerr AM; Stephenson JB EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p579-82 MJChild Development Disorders /OC; Mental Retardation /OC; Movement Disorders /OC MNAdolescence; Cephalometry; Child Development Disorders /CO; Child, Preschool; Child; Hand; Mental Retardation /CO; Movement Disorders /CO; Scotland; Stereotyped Behavior; Syndrome MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001347 TIDevelopmental paediatrics in primary care: what should we teach? ABThere is little agreement about what constitutes good developmental paediatric practice at the level of primary care. Many of the available screening tests are intrinsically unsatisfactory or badly performed, but screening is only a small part of developmental paediatrics. Every primary care doctor should be familiar with the scientific basis of the subject even if a decision is made not to embark on a formal screening programme. AUBaird G; Hall DM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p583-6 MJChild Development Disorders; Education, Medical, Graduate; Family Practice; Pediatrics MNChild, Preschool; Child; Deafness /DI; Great Britain; Infant, Newborn; Mass Screening; Referral and Consultation; Vision Disorders /DI; Visual Acuity MTHuman RN7553-56-2 (Iodine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001348 TIABC of nutrition. Malnutrition in the Third World--II. AUTruswell AS EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p587-9 MJDeveloping Countries; Nutrition Disorders MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Goiter, Endemic /OC; Health Education; Iodine /DF; Vitamin A Deficiency /PC /TH; Xerophthalmia /PC /TH MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001349 TIDisaster planning: managing the media. AUPartington AJ; Savage PE EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p590-2 MJCommunication; Disaster Planning MNEngland MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001350 TIRe-expansion pulmonary oedema: a potentially serious complication of delayed diagnosis of pneumothorax. ABRe-expansion pulmonary oedema may develop if diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax are delayed. This condition may be fatal if inappropriately managed. AUHenderson AF; Banham SW; Moran F EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p593-4 MJPneumothorax; Pulmonary Edema MNAdolescence; Adult; Pneumothorax /RA; Pulmonary Edema /RA; Time Factors MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001351 TIEconomics of coronary artery bypass grafting [letter] AUJarrett RJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p600 MJAortocoronary Bypass MNCost Benefit Analysis; Great Britain; Quality of Life MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001352 TIOver the counter sale of topical corticosteroids [letter] EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p600-1 MJDrugs, Non-Prescription; Hydrocortisone, Topical MNSkin Diseases /DT MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001353 TIEar wax and otitis media in children [letter] AUel-Silimy OE; Gibbin KP EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p601-2 MJCerumen; Otitis Media MNChild MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001354 TIMalnutrition, ignorance, and poverty [letter] AUHope R EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p602 MJNutrition Disorders; Poverty MNAdult; Child; Food Supply MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001355 TISalt and hypertension [letter] AUFowler AW; Barnfield J EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p602 MJDiet, Sodium-Restricted; Hypertension MNHealth Education MTHuman RN6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001356 TIThyroxine replacement treatment [letter] AUGoolden AW EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p602-3 MJThyroxine MNThyroidectomy; Triiodothyronine /BL MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001357 TIGastric emptying in chronic renal failure [letter] AUParr N; Mackie CR; Baxter JN; Jenkins SA; Ellenbogen S EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p603 MJGastric Emptying; Kidney Failure, Chronic MNGastric Acid /SE MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001358 TISomatic component to myocardial infarction [letter] AUWard A EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p603 MJMyocardial Infarction MNBackache /DI; Diagnosis, Differential MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001359 TIVisual evoked potentials in diabetics without retinopathy [letter] AUPapakostopoulos D; Dean Hart JC; Harney B; Corrall RJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p603 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent; Evoked Potentials, Visual MNRetina /PP MTHuman RN90-34-6 (Primaquine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001360 TIMixed malarial infection due to Plasmodium falciparum and P vivax [letter] AUGilks C; Pasvol G; Juel-Jensen B EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p603-4 MJMalaria MNAdult; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Plasmodium Falciparum; Plasmodium Vivax; Primaquine /TU MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001362 TISocial class differences in fetal and neonatal mortality rates [letter] AUThomas J EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p605 MJFetal Death; Infant Mortality; Social Class MNInfant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Wales MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001363 TIWithdrawal of funds for animal experiments at the University of Pennsylvania [letter] AUMoore EJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p605 MJAnimal Welfare; Animals, Laboratory; Ethics, Medical MNPennsylvania; Research Support; Scotland MTAnimal RN24526-64-5 (Nomifensine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001365 TIFatal immune haemolysis associated with nomifensine [letter] AURoss JR EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p606 MJAnemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Nomifensine MNMiddle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001366 TIWhat about the bleeding time [letter] AUGiles AR EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p606 MJBleeding Time; Platelet Function Tests MNChild; Reference Values MTFemale; Human; Male RN7727-43-7 (Barium Sulfate) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001367 TIComparison of barium swallow and ultrasound in diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children [letter] AUCarre IJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p606-7 MJBarium Sulfate; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNChild; Hernia, Hiatal /DI; Infant MTComparative Study; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001368 TIQuality of life in cancer trials [editorial] AUBrinkley D EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p685-6 MJClinical Trials; Neoplasms; Quality of Life MNPalliative Treatment MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001369 TICranial irradiation in childhood lymphoblastic leukemia: time for reappraisal [editorial] AUChessells JM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p686-7 MJBrain /RE; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic MNBrain /PP; Child, Preschool; Child; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy /AE MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001370 TIPhantom pregnancy [editorial] AUDrife JO EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p687-8 MJPseudopregnancy MNAdult; Amenorrhea /CO; Pseudopregnancy /ET /PP; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001371 TIClinical management of benzodiazepine dependence. AUHiggitt AC; Lader MH; Fonagy P EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p688-90 MJBenzodiazepine Tranquilizers; Substance Dependence /TH MNBenzodiazepine Tranquilizers /AD /AE; Drug Administration Schedule; Substance Dependence /PC /PX; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome /PC; Time Factors MTHuman RN56-40-6 (Glycine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001372 TIAbsorption of 1.5% glycine after percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy for renal stone disease. ABAn elderly normotensive man underwent percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy for renal stone disease, the procedure lasting three hours and the fragments being washed out with 20 l 1.5% glycine. After two hours the inflation pressure had risen to 25 cm H2O and his blood pressure to 150 mm Hg. Inflation pressure continued to rise until drainage tubes were inserted into the retroperitoneal space, releasing a large volume of fluid, some of which appeared to be from the peritoneal cavity. Shortly after transfer to the recovery area the patient showed signs of the transurethral resection syndrome, with hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia, and hypertension. He was treated appropriately and survived. Low infusion pressures should be used for irrigation during lithotripsy and 0.9% saline instead of 1.5% glycine. In patients given a general anaesthetic any rise in inflation pressure suggests extravasation of fluid and warrants emergency estimation of the plasma sodium concentration. AUSinclair JF; Hutchison A; Baraza R; Telfer AB EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p691-2 MJExtravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; Glycine; Kidney Calculi; Lithotripsy MNAbsorption; Aged MTCase Report; Human; Male RN146-22-5 (Nitrazepam) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001373 TIProlonged use of nitrazepam for epilepsy in children with tuberous sclerosis. ABA case note study of 90 children with tuberous sclerosis showed that 56 had taken nitrazepam for seizures for from one month to 13 years. In 38 children nitrazepam was withdrawn but only two had immediate major seizures. Given that sleepiness, deterioration in motor skills, or ataxia seems to be associated in some children with treatment with nitrazepam, doctors may wish to review their long term prescriptions of this drug in children with tuberous sclerosis. AUDennis J; Hunt A EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p692-3 MJEpilepsy, Myoclonus; Nitrazepam /TU; Tuberous Sclerosis /DT MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Epilepsy, Myoclonus /ET; Infant; Nitrazepam /AE; Tuberous Sclerosis /CO MTHuman RN60-27-5 (Creatinine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001374 TINormal variations in rate of albumin excretion and albumin to creatinine ratios in overnight and daytime urine collections in non-diabetic children. ABUrine albumin excretion measured over consecutive weekends and on repeated first morning collections from normal children showed considerable variation both during the day and from day to day in each subject. The results emphasise the need for repeated measurement of albumin excretion in children to confirm the presence of persistent microalbuminuria. AURowe DJ; Bagga H; Betts PB EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p693-4 MJAlbuminuria; Creatinine MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Circadian Rhythm; False Positive Reactions MTFemale; Human; Male RN9001-28-9 (Factor IX) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001375 TIAIDS and haemophilia: morbidity and morality in a well defined population. ABOne hundred and forty-three multitransfused patients with hereditary haemostatic disorders were examined for evidence of disease related to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ninety-nine patients with severe haemophilia A were tested for anti-HTLV-III and 76 were found to be positive. All except one of these seropositive patients had received commercial factor VIII concentrates at some time. Eighteen patients with haemophilia B were tested and all were anti-HTLV-III negative. Three out of 36 sexual partners of patients with haemophilia A positive for anti-HTLV-III were also seropositive. One, who had recently received blood transfusions, had AIDS with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Three patients with severe haemophilia A died from Aids. A further 30 haemophiliacs had AIDS related complex or lymphadenopathy that could be related to HTLV-III infection. There was a significant correlation between lymphadenopathy and anti-HTLV-III seropositivity. No evidence of casual spread of AIDS was found since all 68 health care staff tested were anti-HTLV-III negative, including three surgeons who regularly worked with patients positive for anti-HTLV-III. The resources devoted to counselling and laboratory support in centres treating people at risk and their families need to be urgently reassessed. AUJones P; Hamilton PJ; Bird G; Fearns M; Oxley A; Tedder R; Cheingsong-Popov R; Codd A EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p695-9 MJAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome /IM; Hemophilia MNAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome /ET /MO; Adolescence; Adult; Antibodies, Viral /IM; Blood Transfusion /AE; Child; England; Factor IX /TU; Factor VIII /TU; Hemophilia /MO /TH; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus /IM; Middle Age; Risk MTHuman; Male RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001376 TICoffee, tea, and plasma cholesterol: the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic prevalence study. ABThe association of intake of coffee and tea, assessed by 24 hour dietary recall, with plasma cholesterol and its lipoprotein fractions was studied in a sample of 1007 men and 589 women aged 35-64 resident in Jerusalem. These cross sectional data showed a significant linear association (p less than 0.001) between consumption of coffee in men and plasma cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Men who drank five cups of coffee or more had plasma cholesterol concentrations about 0.5 mmol/l (20 mg/100 ml) higher than non-drinkers after controlling for age, ethnicity, body mass, education, season of year, smoking, tea drinking, and dietary intake of fat and carbohydrates. In women adjusted mean plasma cholesterol concentration was 0.34 mmol/l (13 mg/100 ml) higher in coffee drinkers grouped together (p less than 0.01). The test for a linear trend was not significant. The association in both sexes was largely with the low density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction. High density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were somewhat increased in women who drank coffee (p less than 0.01 for a linear trend) but not in men. Tea drinking was not associated with unadjusted plasma cholesterol concentrations in either sex. Male tea drinkers, but not female, had slightly higher adjusted plasma cholesterol concentrations than non-drinkers (0.15 mmol/l (6 mg/100 ml), p = 0.04). No dose response relation was evident. In this population, characterised by a low intake of saturated fatty acids and relatively low mean plasma cholesterol concentrations, coffee drinking may be a determinant of low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. AUKark JD; Friedlander Y; Kaufmann NA; Stein Y EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p699-704 MJCholesterol; Coffee; Tea MNAdult; Diet; Ethnic Groups; Israel; Jews; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol /BL; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol /BL; Middle Age; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN121-54-0 (Benzethonium); 25155-18-4 (methylbenzethonium); 7542-37-2 (Paromomycin) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001377 TITopical treatment of recurrent cutaneous leishmaniasis with ointment containing paromomycin and methylbenzethonium chloride. AUel-On J; Weinrauch L; Livshin R; Even-Paz Z; Jacobs GP EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p704-5 MJAmmonium Compounds; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Benzethonium /AD; Leishmaniasis; Paromomycin MNAdministration, Topical; Anti-Infective Agents, Local /TU; Benzethonium /AA /TU; Leishmania tropica /IP; Leishmaniasis /PS; Middle Age; Ointments; Paromomycin /TU; Recurrence MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001378 TINutritional support improves antibody response to influenza virus vaccine in the elderly. AUChandra RK; Puri S EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p705-6 MJAntibodies, Viral; Influenza Vaccine; Nutrition MNAged; Aging; Orthomyxovirus Type A, Human /IM MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN446-86-6 (Azathioprine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001379 TIFast atrial fibrillation induced by treatment of psoriasis with azathioprine. AUDodd HJ; Tatnall FM; Sarkany I EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p706 MJAtrial Fibrillation; Azathioprine; Psoriasis MNMiddle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001380 TIOrchidopexy: theory and practice. AUCooper BJ; Little TM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p706-7 MJCryptorchism /SU MNAdolescence; Age Factors; Child, Preschool; Child; Cryptorchism /OC; England MTHuman; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001381 TIHaemophilus parainfluenzae and H influenzae respiratory infections: comparison of clinical features. AURhind GB; Gould GA; Ahmad F; Croughan MJ; Calder MA EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p707-8 MJHaemophilus Infections; Para-Influenza MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Haemophilus Influenzae /IP; Middle Age; Para-Influenza Viruses /IP; Retrospective Studies MTComparative Study; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001382 TIEffect of coroners' rules on death certification for alcoholic liver disease. AUMaxwell JD; Knapman P EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p708 MJDeath Certificates; Legislation, Medical; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic MNAutopsy; Coroners and Medical Examiners; England; Middle Age; Retrospective Studies; Wales MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001383 TIDoes the underprivileged area index work? ABThe underprivileged area index was developed by Jarman to identify areas with the greatest need for general practitioner services and where general practitioners were under the greatest pressure. We found that in wards that scored the worst on the underprivileged area index the doctor:patient ratios were the highest. We suggest that the index needs to be used with other indicators to identify variations in need in small areas. AULeavey R; Wood J EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p709-11 MJMedically Underserved Area MNGreat Britain; Physicians, Family /SD; Primary Health Care /MA; Work Schedule Tolerance MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001384 TIGP obstetrics: safe but endangered. AUJewell D EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p711-2 MJFamily Practice; Obstetrics MNChoice Behavior; Continuity of Patient Care; Great Britain; Risk MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001385 TIFirst consensus development conference in United Kingdom: on coronary artery bypass grafting. I. Views of audience, panel, and speakers. AUStocking B EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p713-6 MJAortocoronary Bypass; Technology Assessment, Biomedical MNAttitude; Great Britain MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001386 TIFirst consensus development conference in United Kingdom: on coronary artery bypass grafting. II. Commentary by chairman of conference. AUJennett B EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p716-8 MJAortocoronary Bypass; Technology Assessment, Biomedical MNGreat Britain MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001387 TIStudent audit of clinical teaching: a three year study. ABAn audit of teaching to junior clinical students in the University of Birmingham organised by students identified several surgical and medical firms on which they received little clinical teaching. Consultants spent an average of four and a half hours a week teaching junior students on the wards, arrived about 10 minutes late for that teaching, but missed less than 10% of teaching sessions. Junior students missed less than 10% of consultant teaching sessions and found them useful, though not always stimulating. Audit organised by students is an acceptable method of monitoring the informal teaching received by clinical students. AULockwood DN; Goldman LH; McManus IC EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p719-21 MJEducation, Medical, Undergraduate; Students, Medical; Teaching MNEngland; Hospitals, Teaching; Time Factors MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001388 TIGuidelines on authorship. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p722 MJAuthorship MNInternational Cooperation IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001389 TIABC of nutrition. Obesity: causes and management. AUTruswell AS EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p723-6 MJObesity MNBody Weight; Diet; Exertion; Feeding Behavior; Obesity /TH MTHuman RN9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001390 TINeonatal hypoglycaemia: an important early sign of endocrine disorders. AUStanhope R; Brook CG EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p728-9 MJEndocrine Diseases; Hypoglycemia MNAge Determination by Skeleton; Body Height; Child, Preschool; Endocrine Diseases /DT; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Somatotropin /TU MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001391 TIMore corneal grafts [letter] AUTullo AB; Tutton MK; Ridgway AE; Dyer P EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p735 MJCornea MNEye Banks; Great Britain MTHuman RN7429-90-5 (Aluminum) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001392 TISerum aluminium concentration and aluminium deposits in bone in patients receiving hemodialysis [letter] EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p735-6 MJAluminum; Bone and Bones MNHemodialysis MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001393 TIEconomics of coronary artery bypass grafting [letter] EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p736-7 MJAortocoronary Bypass MNCost Benefit Analysis; Heart /TR; Middle Age MTHuman RN7727-43-7 (Barium Sulfate) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001394 TIGeneral practitioners' advice on smoking to patients referred for barium meals [letter] AUPreston PG EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p737 MJBarium Sulfate; Smoking MNDuodenal Ulcer /DI; Enema MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001395 TIMetabolic control of insulin dependent diabetes after pancreas transplantation [letter] AUConnolly A EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p737-8 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent; Pancreas MNDenervation MTHuman RN50-78-2 (Aspirin) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001396 TIThe low dose aspirin controversy solved at last? [letter] AUEastham RD EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p738-9 MJAspirin MNBlood Platelets /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001397 TIChronic bronchial sepsis and progressive lung disease [letter] AUGoddard PR; Tajuddin UA; McGivern D EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p739 MJBronchiectasis; Lung Diseases MNAdult; Middle Age; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN65277-42-1 (Ketoconazole) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001398 TICSM update: adverse drug reactions and the liver [letter] AULake-Bakaar G; Cameron HA EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p739 MJKetoconazole; Liver Diseases MNLiver Cirrhosis /CI MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001399 TIIdiopathic hypopituitarism in the elderly [letter] AUJeffcoate WJ; Cotton RE EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p739-40 MJHypopituitarism; Hypothalamic Diseases MNAged MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001400 TIScreening for Down's syndrome using alpha fetoprotein [letter] AUWyatt PR EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p740 MJAlpha Fetoproteins; Down's Syndrome MNPregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001401 TIIgM and IgG antibodies to HTLV-III in the lymphadenopathy syndrome and subjects at risk for AIDS [letter] AUPouletty P; Kadouche J EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p741 MJAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus; Immunoglobulins MNLymphatic Diseases /IM MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001402 TIWho works in family planning clinics? AUFisher F; Kirkman R; Smith C EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p753-4 MJCommunity Health Services; Family Planning MNGreat Britain; Physicians MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001403 TICareer structure--the modern doctors' dilemma. AUTodd G; O'Brien M; Gooding D EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p755-6 MJCareer Mobility; Physicians MNAge Factors; Great Britain; State Medicine MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001404 TISeat belts and risk compensation [editorial] AUMackay M EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p757-8 MJRisk-Taking; Seat Belts MNAccidents, Traffic /PC; Great Britain; Wounds and Injuries /PC MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001405 TIPrevention and treatment of brain ischaemia [editorial] AUHinds CJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p758-60 MJCerebral Ischemia MNCerebral Ischemia /PP /TH; Prognosis MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001406 TIMedical hazards from dogs [editorial] AUBewley BR EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p760-1 MJAnimals, Domestic; Dogs; Public Health MNAccidents, Traffic; Bites and Stings; Dog Diseases /PC; Feces /MI; Great Britain; Vaccination MTAnimal; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001407 TIFailure of communication [editorial] AULock S EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p761 MJCommunication; Science MNEducation; Great Britain MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001408 TIMonoclonal antibodies in clinical medicine. AUDick HM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p762-4 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU /IM /TU; Antigens, Bacterial /IM; Antigens, Surface /IM; Antigens, Viral /IM; Cross Reactions; Graft Rejection; Kidney /TR; Leukemia /TH; Mice; Neoplasms /DI /TH MCReview MTAnimal; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001409 TIFirst trimester prenatal diagnosis and detection of carriers of haemophilia A using the linked DNA probe DX13. ABAlthough the use of a gene specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probe is the method of choice for detecting carriers of genes for rare genetic disorders, there will always be families in which such probes cannot be used because key subjects are not informative for restriction fragment length polymorphisms in or around the gene. In these cases closely linked DNA markers have to be used. An X chromosome specific DNA probe, DX13, which is closely linked to the haemophilia A locus on the X chromosome, was used for early prenatal diagnosis in two cases and to detect carriers in a series of nine possible heterozygote women. The first reported crossover between DX13 and the factor VIII:C locus was observed in this study. There are complexities inherent in using any linked DNA probe for assignment of genes, but such techniques are clinically important. AUWinter RM; Harper K; Goldman E; Mibashan RS; Warren RC; Rodeck CH; Penketh RJ; Ward RH; Hardisty RM; Pembrey ME EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p765-9 MJGenetic Marker; Hemophilia; Heterozygote; Prenatal Diagnosis MNLinkage (Genetics); Pedigree; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy; Risk MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001410 TISmall bowel biopsy for malabsorption: comparison of the diagnostic adequacy of endoscopic forceps and capsule biopsy specimens. ABBiopsy specimens of the small bowel were obtained from 40 patients suspected of having malabsorption. Four different techniques were used at a single session--namely, endoscopic biopsy of the descending duodenum using paediatric and standard size forceps and suction capsule biopsy of the descending duodenum and the proximal jejunum. Specimens were compared for size, adequacy, and ability to confirm or exclude mucosal abnormality. Fourteen patients had villous atrophy. In all patients four biopsy specimens were obtained with paediatric endoscopic forceps and four with standard endoscopic forceps. No capsule biopsy specimen was retrieved from the duodenum in three patients and from the jejunum in five patients. Specimens were considered to be adequate in 36 patients when paediatric forceps were used, in 39 when standard forceps were used, in 28 on duodenal capsule biopsy, and in 32 on jejunal capsule biopsy. This study indicates that the most reliable method for diagnosing or excluding villous atrophy is endoscopic forceps biopsy of the descending duodenum, provided that at least four specimens are obtained with standard size forceps. AUMee AS; Burke M; Vallon AG; Newman J; Cotton PB EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p769-72 MJBiopsy; Intestine, Small; Malabsorption Syndromes MNAdult; Aged; Atrophy /PA; Duodenum /PA; Endoscopy; Middle Age; Mucous Membrane /PA MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN24305-27-9 (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone); 6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine); 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001411 TIDiagnostic value of thyrotrophin releasing hormone tests in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. ABA prospective study was carried out to compare clinical and biochemical thyroid states with responses of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) in elderly patients with either atrial fibrillation (n = 75; mean age (SD) 79.3 (6.0) years) or sinus rhythm (n = 73; mean age 78.4 (5.6) years) admitted consecutively to the department of geriatric medicine. No patient in either group had symptoms or signs of hyperthyroidism. Overall, the TSH responses to TRH did not differ significantly between the two groups. Ten (13%) of the patients with atrial fibrillation (of whom four had raised thyroid hormone concentrations) and five (7%) of the patients with sinus rhythm showed no TSH response to TRH while 26% of each group (20 and 19 patients, respectively) showed a much reduced response. Only one of 13 patients with apparently isolated atrial fibrillation showed no TSH response to TRH, and none of these 13 patients was hyperthyroid. In particular, three patients (two with atrial fibrillation and one with sinus rhythm) who showed no TSH response to TRH at presentation exhibited a return of TSH response to TRH at follow up six weeks later. In conclusion, reduced or absent TSH responses to TRH are common in sick elderly patients whether they have atrial fibrillation or sinus rhythm and whether they are euthyroid or hyperthyroid biochemically. An absence of response is therefore an uncertain marker of hyperthyroidism in these groups of patients, and diagnosis and ablative treatment should be based at least on the presence of raised circulating free triiodothyronine or free thyroxine concentrations, or both. AUDavies AB; Williams I; John R; Hall R; Scanlon MF EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p773-6 MJAtrial Fibrillation /ET; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone MNAged; Atrial Fibrillation /BL; Hyperthyroidism /CO /DI; Prospective Studies; Thyrotropin /BL; Thyroxine /BL; Triiodothyronine /BL MTFemale; Human; Male RN51-35-4 (Hydroxyproline); 60-27-5 (Creatinine); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001412 TIMechanism of malignant hypercalcaemia in carcinoma of the breast. ABTo investigate the mechanisms of hypercalcaemia in carcinoma of the breast, 22 patients with hypercalcaemia due to metastatic carcinoma were studied and the findings compared with those obtained in normal subjects and patients with benign and malignant breast disease without hypercalcaemia. As expected, patients with metastases of bone showed biochemical evidence of increased bone resorption. Whereas all patients with hypercalcaemia had skeletal metastases, not all patients with skeletal metastases had hypercalcaemia despite considerable degrees of bone resorption. The presence of hypercalcaemia was associated with a significant increase in renal tubular reabsorption of calcium (p less than 0.001) and decreased reabsorption of phosphate (p less than 0.001) despite adequate rehydration of patients. These studies suggest that increased renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, possibly mediated by a humoral factor with activity similar to that of parathyroid hormone, contributes appreciably to the hypercalcaemia of malignant breast disease. AUPercival RC; Yates AJ; Gray RE; Galloway J; Rogers K; Neal FE; Kanis JA EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p776-9 MJBreast Neoplasms /PP; Hypercalcemia /PP MNAbsorption; Bone Neoplasms /SC; Breast Neoplasms /CO; Calcium /BL /UR; Creatinine /UR; Hydroxyproline /UR; Hypercalcemia /ET; Kidney Tubules /PP MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001413 TIScreening of Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen using a third generation technique. ABThe profit to be gained by testing Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with a third generation technique instead of the currently used immunoelectrophoresis was investigated by additional screening of 48 750 blood units by radioimmunoassay three weeks after donation. Twenty nine units were positive for HBsAg on radioimmunoassay (0.059%). Only six of these were found by immunoelectrophoresis (0.012%). Most of the 23 donors positive on radioimmunoassay and negative on immunoelectrophoresis were healthy carriers of HBsAg (20) or had asymptomatic chronic liver disease (two). One donor had acute hepatitis B. Fifteen of the 23 blood units were transfused. The 15 recipients were monitored biochemically and serologically for up to nine months. One recipient developed fulminant hepatitis B, three developed acute hepatitis B, and one became a healthy carrier of HBsAg. All these patients had received blood from healthy carriers of HBsAg. Two recipients were immunised against HBsAg, and in one patient no seroconversion was observed. The remaining recipients died soon after transfusion or were protected by antibodies to HBsAg that had been present before the transfusion. Testing of Danish blood donors using a third generation technique identified a substantial number of donors positive for HBsAg overlooked by immunoelectrophoresis. Most of these donors were healthy carriers of HBsAg. Blood taken from such carriers is highly infectious when transfused, probably because of the large amount of material transmitted. AUWantzin P; Nielsen JO; Tygstrup N; Soerensen H; Dybkjaer E EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p780-2 MJBlood Donors; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens MNDenmark; Immunoelectrophoresis; Radioimmunoassay MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001414 TIScreening for antimalarial maculopathy in rheumatology clinics. ABOphthalmoscopy and three tests of visual function were undertaken in 39 patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving treatment with antimalarial drugs and in a control group of 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were not receiving such treatment. Visual contrast sensitivity, macular threshold to red light, and central visual fields to red targets were not significantly different in treated patients and controls. There were no abnormalities in visual acuity, but 11 of 76 eyes of treated patients showed minor macular abnormalities on ophthalmoscopy that were not seen in control patients, suggesting that ophthalmoscopy may be the most sensitive measure of early drug toxicity. Five rheumatologists were able to identify 52 of 65 minor changes detected by an ophthalmologist. These studies, and a critical review of published reports, suggest that in clinical practice antimalarial drugs can be administered safely to patients with rheumatoid arthritis without the need for repetitive routine examination by an ophthalmologist or the use of complicated physiological tests. Recording of visual acuity in each eye and ophthalmoscopy by the prescribing doctor may be all that are required to detect early antimalarial maculopathy. AUFleck BW; Bell AL; Mitchell JD; Thomson BJ; Hurst NP; Nuki G EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p782-5 MJAntimalarials; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Macular Degeneration MNAdult; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid /PP; Middle Age; Ophthalmoscopy; Visual Acuity /DE MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001415 TIEffect of seat belt legislation on the incidence of sternal fractures seen in the accident department. AUBudd JS EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p785 MJFractures; Legislation; Seat Belts; Sternum MNAccidents, Traffic; Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Emergencies; Great Britain; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RN14931-83-0 (cobalt-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid chelate); 60-00-4 (EDTA) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001416 TICyanide toxicity after immersion and the hazards of dicobalt edetate. AUDodds C; McKnight C EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p785-6 MJAccidents, Occupational; Cyanides; EDTA; Edema MNAdult MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001417 TIIs cardiac ultrasound mandatory in patients with transient ischaemic attacks? AUShapiro LM; Westgate CJ; Shine K; Donaldson R EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p786-7 MJCerebral Ischemia, Transient; Echocardiography MNCerebral Ischemia, Transient /ET; Heart Diseases /CO MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001418 TIPsoas muscle hypertrophy: mechanical cause for ╥jogger's trots?╙ AUDawson DJ; Khan AN; Shreeve DR EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p787-8 MJColon; Jogging; Muscles; Running MNAdult; Colon /RA; Hypertrophy MTCase Report; Human; Male RN378-44-9 (Betamethasone) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001419 TIDouble blind, placebo controlled trial of betamethasone nasal drops for nasal polyposis. AUChalton R; Mackay I; Wilson R; Cole P EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p788 MJBetamethasone; Nasal Polyps MNAdministration, Intranasal; Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Middle Age; Posture MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001420 TIIs the distribution of training practices appropriate for the needs of general practice? ABThe distribution of practices that train general practitioners in the west of Scotland was examined. The concentration of training practices is lowest in conurbations that are grossly deprived. Several topics require debate: should trainees be given experience in such areas as an elective? Should the criteria for selecting training practices be similar in all areas? Should practices in deprived areas be encouraged to apply to become training practices? AUMurray TS EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p789-90 MJEducation, Medical, Graduate; Family Practice; Preceptorship MNFamily Practice /ED; Medically Underserved Area; Quality of Health Care; Scotland MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001421 TIClinical trial of common treatments for low back pain in family practice. ABThe results of a multicentered randomised clinical trial are reported of bed rest and of a physiotherapy and education programme for patients who presented in family practice with an acute episode of low back pain. No beneficial effect of either treatment was observed on several clinical outcome measures, including straight leg raising, lumbar flexion, activities of daily living, and pain. In fact the results favoured early mobilisation over bed rest and suggested that the physiotherapy and education programme was doing more harm than good. Moreover, additional analyses, which focused on clinically interesting patient subgroups, discovered no subset of patients who benefited from either of the treatments under study. Having failed to identify any clinically important benefits, or other explanations for these negative results, we can only conclude that family doctors have little reason to prescribe either bed rest or isometric exercises to patients who suffer from low back pain. AUGilbert JR; Taylor DW; Hildebrand A; Evans C EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p791-4 MJBackache /TH MNBackache /RH; Bed Rest; Canada; Clinical Trials; Family Practice; Patient Compliance; Physical Therapy MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001422 TISurvey of health visiting in antenatal care. ABThe range of the health visitor's work is expanding. To find out what antenatal work health visitors actually carry out and what their attitudes towards such work are we surveyed general practitioners, midwives, and health visitors in three district health authorities. The results indicate that health visitors are qualified and willing to work with women in the antenatal period. AUMcCabe F; Rocheron Y EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p794-6 MJCommunity Health Nursing; Prenatal Care MNCommunication Barriers; England; Ethnic Groups; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001423 TIIncreasing use of private practice by patients in Oxford requiring common elective surgical operations. ABA random sample of 6000 people from eight general practices in and around Oxford was studied to ascertain their surgical histories and method of care received. The proportion of operations that were performed privately had increased with time and had a steep gradient according to social class. Different procedures had different likelihoods of being performed privately, but the age and sex of the patient had a non-significant association with private surgery. Adjustment for possible confounding variables using logistic analysis indicated that in the 1980s elective surgery is five times more likely to be performed privately than it was at the institution of the National Health Service. AUMcPherson K; Coulter A; Stratton I EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p797-9 MJPrivate Practice; Surgery, Operative MNAdult; Age Factors; Aged; England; Middle Age; Sex Factors; Social Class; State Medicine MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001424 TIEfficiency of use of blood for surgery in south and mid Wales. AUNapier JA; Biffin AH; Lay D EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p799-801 MJBlood Transfusion; Efficiency MNBlood Banks; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; Hospitals; Surgery, Operative; Wales MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001425 TIDevising a course for overseas visitors who don't speak English well. AUSeedhom BB; Smeathers JE; Thompson DT EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p802-4 MJEducation, Medical, Continuing; Language MNBiomechanics; Communication Barriers; Curriculum; Engineering; Great Britain; Japan; Orthopedics MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001426 TIA difficult pain in the neck. AUWheeler DC; Calvey HD; Wicks AC EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p804-5 MJNeck; Pain MNAdult; Periapical Abscess /CO MTCase Report; Human; Male RN0 (17-oxogenic steroids) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001427 TIMeasurement of urine 17-oxogenic steroids, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, and 17-oxosteroids has been superseded by better tests. AURudd BT EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p805-6 MJAdrenal Cortex Hormones; Diagnostic Services MN17-Hydroxycorticosteroids /UR; 17-Ketosteroids /UR; Adrenal Cortex Diseases /DI; Hydroxycorticosteroids /UR MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001428 TIABC of nutrition. Therapeutic diets. AUTruswell AS EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p807-11 MJDiet MNCeliac Disease /DH; Diabetes Mellitus /DH; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Dyspepsia /DH; Food; Kidney Failure, Chronic /DH; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors /AE; Phenylketonuria /DH MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001429 TI╥AIDS╙ test a misnomer [letter] AUPinching AJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p821 MJAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Antibodies, Viral; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus; Nomenclature MNBlood Donors MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001430 TISetting standards in general practice [letter] EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p821-2 MJQuality of Health Care MNFamily Practice; Great Britain MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001431 TICreutzfeldt-Jakob disease [letter] AUBaker HF; Ridley RM; Crow TJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p822-3 MJJakob-Creutzfeldt Syndrome /FG MNAged; Jakob-Creutzfeldt Syndrome /ET; Middle Age MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001432 TIBrittle diabetes [letter] AUWilkinson G EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p823 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors MTFemale; Human RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001433 TIMisleading guidelines on oxygen treatment in asthma [letter] AUElder AT; Crompton GK EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p823 MJAsthma; Oxygen MNTransportation of Patients MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001434 TIIdiopathic hypopituitarism in the elderly [letter] AUBelfield P; Bannister P; Giles P EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p823-4 MJHypopituitarism MNAged; Thyroid Function Tests MTHuman RN75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001435 TIEnalapril induced renal impairment in bilateral renal artery stenosis [letter] AULakhani M; Lewis RV EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p824-5 MJEnalapril; Kidney Diseases; Renal Artery Obstruction MNRenal Artery Obstruction /PP MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001436 TILaparoscopic diagnosis of ascites [letter] AUTamhne RC EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p825 MJAscites; Peritoneoscopy MNChild, Preschool; Child; Infant; Peritoneoscopy /AE MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001437 TIDevelopment of new renal scars [letter] AUDossetor JF EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p826 MJKidney Diseases MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Kidney /PA; Urinary Tract Infections /CO MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001438 TIRisk profile for soldiers aged under 40 with coronary heart disease [letter] AUWilson KC EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p826 MJCoronary Disease; Military Personnel MNAdult; Great Britain; Risk MTHuman; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001439 TINo respiratory sequelae from whooping cough [letter] AUDavies DP EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p826-7 MJPertussis Vaccine; Whooping Cough MNChild; Hong Kong; Vaccination MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001440 TIManaging without doctors: realities of Griffiths. AUEllis N EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p837-8 MJState Medicine MNGovernment; Great Britain; Interprofessional Relations; Physician's Role IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001441 TICareer prospects of part time senior registrar anaesthetists. AUEaton JM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p839-40 MJAnesthesiology; Career Mobility MNAnesthesiology /ST; Follow-Up Studies; Great Britain; Inservice Training; Physicians, Women MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001442 TIManagement of multiple casualties with burns [editorial] AUGriffiths RW EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p917-8 MJBurns /TH; Wounds and Injuries MNBurn Units; Burns /CL; Disasters; Emergency Service, Hospital /OG; England MTHuman RN469-21-6 (Doxylamine); 65-23-6 (Pyridoxine); 8064-77-5 (bendectin) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001443 TIThe debendox saga [editorial] AUOrme ML EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p918-9 MJAbnormalities, Drug-Induced; Antiemetics; Doxylamine; Pyridines; Pyridoxine MNDrug Combinations /AE; Great Britain; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Risk MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001444 TIFamilies who care [editorial] AULivingston MG EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p919-20 MJFamily Health; Family; Home Nursing; Stress, Psychological MNCerebrovascular Disorders /NU; Head Injuries /NU; Stress, Psychological /PX MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001445 TIVibration white finger: a newly prescribed disease [editorial] AUTaylor W EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p921-2 MJOccupational Diseases; Raynaud's Disease; Vibration MNFingers /BS; Great Britain; Ischemia /ET; Middle Age; Raynaud's Disease /PP MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001446 TIHelping the sick doctor: a new service [editorial] AURawnsley K EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p922 MJPhysician Impairment MNConfidentiality; Counseling; Great Britain; State Medicine MTHuman RN0 (anti-IgE); 37341-29-0 (IgE); 51-45-6 (Histamine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001447 TIBronchoalveolar mast cells in extrinsic asthma: a mechanism for the initiation of antigen specific bronchoconstriction. ABBronchoalveolar lavage performed in 10 patients with extrinsic asthma and 14 controls yielded similar recoveries of fluid and cells. Mast cells and eosinophils, however, formed a greater proportion of the cells recovered from the asthmatic subjects (p less than 0.001 for mast cells; p less than 0.01 for eosinophils), the histamine content of the lavage cells being correspondingly increased (p less than 0.01). Both the percentage of mast cells and the histamine content of lavage cells were significantly inversely correlated with the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1; expressed as percentage of predicted) and with the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity before lavage. There was also a significant inverse correlation between the concentration of histamine required to produce a 20% fall in FEV1 and the percentage of mast cells recovered (p less than 0.05). When incubated with antihuman IgE bronchoalveolar mast cells from asthmatic subjects released a significantly increased proportion of total cellular histamine than cells from control subjects at all effective doses of anti-IgE. By contrast, dose response curves for IgE dependent histamine release from peripheral blood leucocytes were similar in asthmatics and controls. Specific antigen led to release of histamine from bronchoalveolar cells and peripheral blood leucocytes of asthmatic subjects but not controls. Lying superficially within the airways, bronchoalveolar mast cells would be readily exposed to inhaled antigen and would release mediators directly on to the airway surface. Their immunological response suggests that they are likely to be important in the pathogenesis of airflow obstruction in asthma. AUFlint KC; Leung KB; Hudspith BN; Brostoff J; Pearce FL; Johnson NM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p923-6 MJAntigenic Determinants; Asthma; Mast Cells MNAdult; Anti-Antibodies /IM; Asthma /PA; Bronchoscopy; Cell Count; Constriction, Pathologic /IM /PA; Histamine /IM; IgE /IM; Irrigation; Leukocytes /IM MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN486-56-6 (Cotinine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001448 TIPassive exposure to tobacco smoke: saliva cotinine concentrations in a representative population sample of non-smoking schoolchildren. ABSaliva cotinine concentrations in 569 non-smoking schoolchildren were strongly related to the smoking habits of their parents. When neither parent smoked the mean concentration was 0.44 ng/ml, rising to 3.38 ng/ml when both parents were cigarette smokers. Mothers' smoking had a stronger influence than did fathers' (p less than 0.01). In addition, there was a small independent effect of number of siblings who smoked (p less than 0.01). The dose of nicotine received from fathers' smoking was estimated as equivalent to the active smoking of 30 cigarettes a year, that from mothers' smoking as equivalent to smoking 50 cigarettes a year, and that from both parents smoking as equivalent to smoking 80 cigarettes a year. This unsolicited burden may be prolonged throughout childhood and poses a definite risk to health. AUJarvis MJ; Russell MA; Feyerabend C; Eiser JR; Morgan M; Gammage P; Gray EM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p927-9 MJCotinine; Environmental Exposure; Pyrrolidinones; Saliva; Tobacco Smoke Pollution MNAdolescence; Child; Great Britain; Parents; Smoking; Socioeconomic Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN364-62-5 (Metoclopramide) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001449 TIExtrapyramidal reactions with metoclopramide. ABThe epidemiology of extrapyramidal reactions to metoclopramide was studied by examining reports in the Adverse Reactions Register of the Committee on the Safety of Medicines and comparing these with prescribing figures by general practitioners in the United Kingdom for metoclopramide (Maxolon). In the period 1967-82 there were an estimated 15.9 million prescriptions and 479 reports of extrapyramidal reactions (455 of dystonia-dyskinesia, 20 of parkinsonism, and four of tardive dyskinesia). When corrected for prescribing rates the relative risk of dystonia and dyskinesia was 1.8 in female compared with male patients (95% confidence interval 1.4-2.2). The overall reporting rate for dystonia and dyskinesia was 28.6/million prescriptions but was significantly more common in young adults (p less than 0.0001) and especially girls and women aged 12-19 (190.7 reports/million prescriptions). By contrast parkinsonian reactions were significantly more common in the elderly (p less than 0.0001). AUBateman DN; Rawlins MD; Simpson JM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p930-2 MJMetoclopramide; Movement Disorders MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Dystonia /CI; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Middle Age; Parkinson Disease, Symptomatic /CI; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001450 TIEgg and cows' milk hypersensitivity in exclusively breast fed infants with eczema, and detection of egg protein in breast milk. ABForty nine eczematous infants who were still solely and exclusively breast fed and who had never received anything but breast milk were studied for evidence of sensitisation to foods. Thirty four similar infants without eczema formed a control group. The eczematous infants were divided into three groups according to clinical criteria: (1) definite atopic eczema; (2) possible atopic eczema; (3) atopic eczema unlikely. Twenty three infants showed cutaneous hypersensitivity to foods, usually egg and cows' milk. Seven of 14 infants in group 1 and nine of 20 in group 2 were sensitised compared with four of 15 in group 3 and three of 34 controls (p less than 0.01). Ovalbumin was detected in breast milk from 14 of 19 mothers tested after ingestion of egg, the concentrations being the same for mothers feeding eczematous and normal infants. Breast fed babies developing eczema may be sensitised by foods eaten by their mothers. AUCant A; Marsden RA; Kilshaw PJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p932-5 MJBreast Feeding; Dermatitis, Atopic; Eggs; Food Hypersensitivity; Milk MNCattle; Egg Proteins /AN; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Milk, Human /AN; Skin Tests MTAnimal; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001451 TIDoes stopping smoking delay onset of angina after infarction? ABThis study was designed to determine the relation between stopping smoking and angina after infarction in survivors of an acute coronary attack. The study population comprised 408 men aged under 60 who survived a first attack of unstable angina or myocardial infarction by 28 days and were smoking cigarettes at the time of their attack. These patients were followed up for an average of nine years. Three hundred and eighty four were alive at the one year follow up examination, when the presence or absence of angina together with habits of smoking were recorded. The prevalence of angina at one year was 19.5% in the 241 who had stopped smoking cigarettes compared with 32.2% in those who had continued (p less than 0.01). Six years later, however, the prevalence of angina after infarction was the same in the two groups. It is concluded that the onset of angina after infarction can be delayed by stopping smoking cigarettes but that this effect is not maintained in the long term. AUDaly LE; Graham IM; Hickey N; Mulcahy R EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p935-7 MJAngina Pectoris; Myocardial Infarction; Smoking MNAngina Pectoris /OC /PC; Follow-Up Studies; Ireland; Middle Age; Time Factors MTHuman; Male RNEC 2.7.3.2 (Creatine Kinase); 60-27-5 (Creatinine); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001452 TISevere hypocalcemia and increased creatine kinase activity. AUTimms P; Bold AM; Rothe P; Lau E EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p937-8 MJCreatine Kinase; Hypocalcemia MNAdult; Aged; Calcium /BL; Child, Preschool; Creatinine /BL; Magnesium /BL; Middle Age; Phosphates /BL; Serum Albumin MTHuman RN103-90-2 (Acetaminophen) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001453 TIAcute hypersensitivity reactions to paracetamol. AUStricker BH; Meyboom RH; Lindquist M EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p938-9 MJAcetaminophen; Drug Hypersensitivity MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Netherlands; Time Factors; World Health Organization MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN13539-59-8 (Apazone) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001454 TIPhotosensitivity during treatment with azapropazone. AUOlsson S; Biriell C; Boman G EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p939 MJApazone; Photosensitivity Disorders; Triazines MNMiddle Age; Seasons; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001455 TICommon childhood problems: variation in management. AUJewell D; Bain J EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p941-4 MJChild Care; Family Practice; Health Education MNChild Development Disorders /TH; Child; Parents; Pertussis Vaccine /TU; Questionnaires; Speech Disorders /TH; Whooping Cough /TH MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001456 TITreatment of burns casualties after fire at Bradford City football ground. ABOn 11 May 1985 the main stand of Bradford City Football Club caught fire. Within four minutes the stand was alight from end to end. Fifty three people were burnt to death and about 250 injured; 83 required admission to hospital, and 55 of these were treated by primary excision of their burns and skin grafting. In such disasters the help of staff from other hospitals and areas is essential. Patients should be assessed to see whether they have burns that will ultimately be fatal; if they have they should not be sent to regional burns units, where they would take up beds that could be used for patients with treatable burns. All districts should ensure that their plans for accidents in which burns injuries predominate are adequate. AUSharpe DT; Roberts AH; Barclay TL; Dickson WA; Settle JA; Crockett DJ; Mossad MG EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p945-8 MJBurns /TH; Disaster Planning; Emergency Service, Hospital; Fires; Football MNAdult; Aged; Burn Units; Burns /SU; England; Middle Age; Postoperative Care; Surgery, Plastic MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001457 TIEpidemic of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. ABIn an epidemic of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis the surgeon was found to be the source of contamination. The probable route was accidental puncture of gloves during operation. During the epidemiological investigation a second cluster of patients contaminated with Staph epidermidis during open heart surgery was found also related to one surgeon. This strain caused no detectable signs or symptoms of infection. Carriage of virulent staph epidermidis has rarely been recognised as a hazard but may have serious consequences. AUvan den Broek PJ; Lampe AS; Berbee GA ; Thompson J; Mouton RP EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p949-50 MJDisease Outbreaks; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Staphylococcal Infections MNCarrier State; Equipment Contamination; Gloves, Surgical /ST; Staphylococcus epidermidis /IP MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001458 TIFood sensitivity. AUTruswell AS EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p951-5 MJFood Hypersensitivity MNAngioneurotic Edema /ET; Asthma /ET; Eczema /ET; Food Hypersensitivity /DH /DI; Gastrointestinal Diseases /ET; Hyperkinesis /ET; Migraine /ET; Rhinitis /ET; Urticaria /ET MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001459 TIProlonged hypoparathyroidism presenting eventually as second trimester abortion. AUEastell R; Edmonds CJ; de Chayal RC; McFadyen IR EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p955-6 MJAbortion; Hypoparathyroidism /DI; Pregnancy Complications MNAdult; Hypoparathyroidism /CO; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001460 TICosts of health care: experience of one department of rheumatology. ABLittle or no information exists about the costs of providing services in the National Health Service. A study was commissioned to measure the costs of running the department of rheumatology in Cornwall. The results emphasised the relative cheapness of outpatient care compared with inpatient care. AUThould AK EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p957-9 MJHospital Departments; Rheumatology MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Costs and Cost Analysis; Direct Service Costs; England; Health Resources /SD; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Inpatients; Middle Age; Outpatients; Population Dynamics; State Medicine MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001461 TIHTLV-III infection in spouses of haemophiliacs [letter] AUUnsworth PF EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p966 MJRetrovirus Infections; Sex Behavior MNHuman T-Cell Leukemia Virus MTFemale; Human; Male RN56-40-6 (Glycine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001462 TIAbsorption of 1.5% glycine after percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy for renal stone disease [letter] EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p966-7 MJGlycine; Lithotripsy MNWater Intoxication /ET MTHuman RN50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001463 TIOver the counter sale of topical corticosteroids [letter] AUShuster S EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p967-8 MJDrugs, Non-Prescription; Hydrocortisone MNAdministration, Topical MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001464 TIDeaths from peptic ulceration [letter] EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p968 MJPeptic Ulcer MNAdult; Aged; Great Britain; Middle Age; Time Factors MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001465 TIAntihypertensive treatment in pregnancy [letter] EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p968-9 MJHypertension; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular MNBlood Pressure; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human RNEC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferases) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001466 TIRaised plasma glutathione S-transferase values in hyperthyroidism and in hypothyroid patients receiving thyroxine replacement [letter] AUMardell RJ; Gamlen TR EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p969-70 MJGlutathione Transferases; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001467 TIFactors that influence patients in Sri Lanka in their choice between Ayurvedic and Western medicine [letter] AUWolffers I EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p970 MJMedicine, Ayurvedic; Patient Acceptance of Health Care MNSri Lanka MTHuman RN7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001468 TIThyroxine replacement treatment: clinical judgment or biochemical control? [letter] AURippere V EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p970 MJThyroxine MNHypothyroidism /DT; Thyroid Function Tests MTFemale; Human RN125-84-8 (Aminoglutethimide) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001469 TIAminoglutethimide induced agranulocytosis in breast cancer [letter] AUCaldwell G; Bradbury A; Toft AD EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p970-1 MJAgranulocytosis; Aminoglutethimide MNAged; Breast Neoplasms /DT MTFemale; Human RN56-53-1 (Diethylstilbestrol) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001470 TIDo sex hormones affect colorectal cancer? [letter] AUWalker AM; Jick H EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p971 MJColonic Neoplasms; Estrogens, Synthetic MNDiethylstilbestrol /AE; Middle Age; Washington MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001471 TIRelation between recurrence of cancer and blood transfusion [letter] AUMoffat LE; Sunderland GT EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p971 MJBlood Transfusion; Kidney Neoplasms MNNeoplasm Recurrence, Local MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001472 TISmoking, sugar, and inflammatory bowel disease [letter] AUPorro GB; Panza E EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p971-2 MJDietary Carbohydrates; Intestinal Diseases; Smoking MNColitis, Ulcerative /ET; Crohn Disease /ET MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001473 TIMRC trial of treatment of mild hypertension [letter] AUWaal-Manning HJ; Paulin JM; Simpson FO EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p972 MJHypertension MNBlood Pressure Determination /MT; Posture MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001474 TIManpower problems in general surgery [letter] AURothnie NG EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p973 MJSurgery MNData Collection; Great Britain MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001475 TIClinical freedom and management accountability. AURendall M EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p982-3 MJFreedom; Human Rights; Physician-Patient Relations; State Medicine MNEfficiency; Great Britain; Health Priorities; Social Responsibility MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001476 TIMedical manpower: a district model. AUTodd JN; Coyne AM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p984-6 MJHealth Manpower; Regional Health Planning MNCareer Choice; England; Medical Staff, Hospital /SD; Models, Theoretical; Personnel Staffing and Scheduling MTHuman IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001477 TIMigraine coma. Meningitic migraine with cerebral oedema associated with a new form of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia. ABA family with hemiplegic migraine has been documented for a period of over forty years. From this study and the literature we conclude that (1) migraine is a cause of recurrent coma which may be associated with life-threatening cerebral hemisphere oedema; (2) hyperpyrexia with CSF pleocytosis occurs in hemiplegic migraine, which may thus simulate viral meningoencephalitis; and (3) cerebral angiography is hazardous in hemiplegic migraine and may exacerbate coma and cerebral oedema. In the family reported, cerebellar ataxia was present during recovery from attacks of hemiplegic migraine and affected patients ultimately suffered from persistent ataxia with radiological cerebellar atrophy. This syndrome thus constitutes a distinct form of late-onset autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia and also of familial periodic ataxia. The status of 'cerebellar migraine' is reviewed. AUFitzsimons RB; Wolfenden WH EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p555-77 MJComa; Migraine MNAdult; Aged; Brain Edema /CO; Brain Injuries /CO; Brain /PA; Cerebellar Ataxia /CO /FG; Cerebrospinal Fluid /CY; Fever /CO; Hemiplegia /CO; Meningitis /CO; Mental Disorders /CO; Middle Age; Psychotic Disorders /CO MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001478 TIImpairment of olfactory recognition after closed head injury. ABTo investigate the effects of closed head injury (CHI) on olfactory identification, we administered a test of olfactory naming and forced choice recognition to 52 CHI patients who had no evidence of anosmia. The Olfactory Identification Test consisted of 'scratch and sniff' labels of familiar nonirritant odorants. In comparison with a normal control group (n = 19) of similar age, olfactory naming and recognition were impaired in the CHI series, particularly in patients with moderate or severe head injury. The presence of a haematoma or contusion in the frontal/temporal region was also related to impaired olfactory recognition. We suggest that nonmissile head injury can produce at least a partial impairment of olfactory recognition despite relatively preserved olfactory detection. AULevin HS; High WM; Eisenberg HM EM8601 IDNS 21889; NS 07377 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p579-91 MJAnosmia; Brain Injuries; Smell MNAdolescence; Adult; Anosmia /PP; Brain Injuries /PP; Child MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001479 TIPathophysiology of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia. ABThe pathophysiology of reflexes mediated by the fifth and seventh cranial nerves has been studied in 16 patients with blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia compared with normal age-matched subjects. The EMG activity of the dystonic spasms in the periocular and jaw muscles was similar to that described in other muscles in patients with generalized torsion dystonia. The latency of the R1 and R2 components of the blink reflex and of the corneal reflex was normal. However, the amplitude and the duration of the R1 and R2 and the duration of the corneal reflex were increased. In some patients the R1 component was also present on the side contralateral to the stimulus, while in normal subjects it was present only on the ipsilateral side. The excitability cycle of recovery of the R2 component of the blink reflex after a prior conditioning shock was enhanced in the patients. There were no EEG potentials preceding blepharospasms in the patients, although a Bereitschaftspotential was seen beginning some 500 ms prior to voluntary blinks in the same individuals. Exteroceptive suppression in the contracting masseter and orbicularis oculi muscles was absent in 40 to 50 per cent of the patients. The jaw jerk was present in all the patients with normal latency. These results indicate that the neuronal arcs of the facial reflexes in blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia are normal. However, there is an abnormal excitatory drive, perhaps from the basal ganglia, to the facial motoneurons and the interneurons which mediate the facial reflexes in the brainstem. AUBerardelli A; Rothwell JC; Day BL; Marsden CD EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p593-608 MJBasal Ganglia Diseases; Meige Syndrome MNAdult; Aged; Blinking; Cornea /PP; Electromyography; Eye; Middle Age; Muscle Contraction; Reflex MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001480 TIFocal increase of blood flow in the cerebral cortex of man during vestibular stimulation. ABThis study is an attempt to reveal projection areas for vestibular afferents to the human brain. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured over 254 cortical regions during caloric vestibular stimulation with warm water (44 degrees C). rCBF was measured when the external auditory meatus was irrigated with water at body temperature as a control to vestibular stimulation. During vestibular stimulation there was only a single cortical area, located in the superior temporal region, which showed a consistent focal activation in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated side. On the rCBF display this area was located in the superior temporal region posterior to the auditory area, probably in the superior temporal gyrus. It is suggested that this area represents the primary projection area of the vestibular nerve and that it is the activation of this area during caloric stimulation that gives rise to the associated conscious vestibular sensation of vertigo. AUFriberg L; Olsen TS; Roland PE; Paulson OB; Lassen NA EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p609-23 MJCerebral Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Vestibular Apparatus MNAdult; Afferent Pathways /PH; Middle Age; Vestibular Function Tests MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium) IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001481 TIImmunocytochemical localization of Na+, K+-ATPase in the canine choroid plexus. ABTo determine the localization of Na+, K+-ATPase in the choroid plexus of the canine fourth ventricle, antisera against canine renal Na+, K+-ATPase holoenzyme and the alpha and beta subunits of the enzyme were employed and the distribution of reaction product examined at the light and electron microscopic level by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method. In the choroidal epithelial cells, antigenic sites were restricted to the outer surface of the apical plasmalemma, including the membranes of the microvilli. No reaction product was detected in the cytoplasm or along the lateral and basal plasmalemma. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that the apical border of the choroidal epithelial cell plays an important role in cerebrospinal fluid secretion as a result of active transport mediated by Na+, K+-ATPase. AUMasuzawa T; Ohta T; Kawakami K; Sato F EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p625-46 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium; Choroid Plexus MNChoroid Plexus /UL; Dogs; Immunochemistry MTAnimal IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001482 TITemporal frequency discrimination in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. ABThe temporal contrast sensitivity function and temporal frequency discrimination have been studied in normals and in 7 cases of multiple sclerosis or optic neuritis. Sinusoidal gratings of two spatial frequencies (0.2 and 2.0 cycles/deg) were used. The abnormalities demonstrated in the patients varied between individuals but overall a picture has emerged of four principal anomalies. The temporal transfer function of the 2 cycles/deg medium spatial frequency grating has a band-pass appearance, whereas it is low-pass in normal subjects (5 out of 8 eyes). The peak of temporal frequency discrimination function (i.e. the temporal frequency at which discrimination is most acute) occurs at a lower temporal frequency in the patients than in normal subjects particularly at the higher spatial frequency (5 out of 8 eyes for a spatial frequency of 2.0 cycles/deg; 2 out of 8 eyes for a spatial frequency of 0.2 cycles/deg). It was found that normal subjects were able to discriminate between the maximum temporal frequency used as a standard in the discrimination experiments (16 Hz) and a higher temporal frequency. In the patients, however, a cut-off in the discrimination function occurred at a temporal frequency well below this (8 out of 8 eyes for a spatial frequency of 2.0 cycles/deg; 2 out of 8 eyes for a spatial frequency of 0.2 cycles/deg). Further to the above result, in a number of patients an attempt was made to ascertain how the gratings were perceived in this abnormally extensive region of ambiguity in the high temporal frequency range. It was found that high temporal frequencies, at a constant contrast level above threshold and constant apparent contrast, were perceived either as flickering at a slower rate than did an intermediate temporal frequency or even appeared stationary. This effect was rare at the lower spatial frequency (1 out of 8 eyes) but was demonstrated in 4 out of 8 eyes at the spatial frequency of 2.0 cycles/deg. It was not specifically sought in all individuals. These results are discussed in the context of an information channelling model of temporal frequency processing in the visual system. AUPlant GT; Hess RF EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p647-76 MJMultiple Sclerosis; Optic Neuritis; Vision Disorders MNDiscrimination (Psychology) /PH; Visual Perception MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001483 TIAphasia and handedness in relation to hemispheric side, age at injury and severity of cerebral lesion during childhood. ABThe effects of the variables of hemispheric side of lesion, age at injury and severity of cerebral damage on language performance and hand dominance were investigated in groups of hemiparetic children. Severity of cerebral damage was defined by the degree of structural abnormality shown on computed tomography (CT) scans. Tests of auditory verbal comprehension and object naming were used as indicators of productive and receptive language skills. The responses to a series of questions on a handedness inventory provided a rated measure of hand dominance. The results indicated that language deficits characterize the performance of all patient groups with left cerebral injuries. Impairments are more profound, however, in the case of left hemisphere injuries acquired after the age of 5 years. In addition, prenatal and early postnatal left cerebral lesions consistently result in strong sinistrality. It is concluded that the crucial variable underlying the demonstration of language deficits and left hand dominance is not severity of lesion but age at injury and hemispheric side of lesion. AUVargha-Khadem F; O'Gorman AM; Watters GV EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p677-96 MJAphasia; Brain Injuries; Laterality MNAdolescence; Aphasia /PP; Brain Injuries /PP /PX; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Language Tests; Psychological Tests; Verbal Learning MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001484 TILesions of premotor cortex in man. ABModerate unilateral weakness of shoulder and hip muscles and limb-kinetic apraxia were observed in 11 patients with frontal lobe lesions on the side opposite to the neurological deficits. On the CT scans, the posterior border of the lesions lay anterior to the precentral gyrus, thus involving the premotor cortex but not the primary motor cortex. In 9 cases, the lesions were caused by a brain infarct, in 2 cases by a tumour. In 1 patient the lesion was purely subcortical. Whereas the paresis affected all hip muscles, in the shoulder mainly those movements associated with abduction and elevation of the arm were disturbed. The EMG showed considerable delays for the preactivation of proximal arm muscles during rapid arm movements, thus interfering with the normal proximal-distal sequencing of muscle action. Limb-kinetic apraxia only became apparent during tasks requiring certain coordinations between both arms or legs. Bimanual interaction was normal. Two patients with proximal hemiparesis and small lesions in the precentral gyrus which have been examined for comparison showed no limb-kinetic apraxia and different distributions of the paretic shoulder girdle muscles. In view of the long-standing controversies as to the functional role of the premotor cortex and the question of specific deficits after lesions of this area, the relevant literature is reviewed. AUFreund HJ; Hummelsheim H EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p697-733 MJBrain Diseases; Motor Cortex; Movement Disorders MNAdult; Aged; Anthropoidea; Apraxia /PP; Brain Diseases /RA; Frontal Lobe /PP; Middle Age; Motor Skills; Movement Disorders /RA; Muscles /IR; Neurologic Examination MTAnimal; Case Report; Female; Human; Male RN1951-25-3 (Amiodarone) IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001485 TIThe pathology of amiodarone neurotoxicity. I. Experimental studies with reference to changes in other tissues. ABRats and mice were given amiodarone by mouth at doses of 50 mg/kg/day. The drug induced accumulations of lipids within lysosomes, leading to the formation of cytoplasmic bodies. These were found in many tissues, both nervous and nonnervous, but were excluded from regions with blood-brain or blood-nerve barriers. Of nervous system regions lying outside a vascular barrier, autonomic ganglia were the most affected, with large accumulations of lysosomal bodies in nerve cells and processes, and evidence of degenerative changes. the myenteric plexus was also involved. No significant changes were seen in peripheral nerves. A limited period of increased permeability caused by nerve crush, or due to immaturity of the blood-nerve barrier resulted in the short-lived appearance of drug-induced inclusions. The rate of regeneration of axons following nerve crush was not affected, although there were small defects in myelination. AUCosta-Jussa FR ; Jacobs JM EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p735-52 MJAmiodarone; Benzofurans; Nervous System Diseases MNMice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Nervous System Diseases /PA; Neurotoxins /AE; Peripheral Nerve Diseases /CI /PA; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1951-25-3 (Amiodarone) IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001486 TIThe pathology of amiodarone neurotoxicity. II. Peripheral neuropathy in man. ABSural nerve changes are described in 2 cases of amiodarone neuropathy. Clinically, 1 patient developed a sensorimotor neuropathy, whereas in the other it was predominantly motor. Examination of sural nerves showed demyelination with only mild axonal loss. Cytoplasmic changes developed in Schwann cells of myelinated and unmyelinated axons, and involved loss of most recognizable organelles. These changes were associated with, and possibly preceded, myelin sheath breakdown. Inclusions, mainly of a lamellated type, were found in all cell types in the nerves. These inclusions, known to be lysosomal in origin, are a characteristic finding in amiodarone-induced neuropathy. The pathogenesis of the neuropathy is discussed, with particular reference to the findings in a parallel experimental study. AUJacobs JM; Costa-Jussa FR EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p753-69 MJAmiodarone; Benzofurans; Peripheral Nerve Diseases MNAdult; Aged; Peripheral Nerve Diseases /PA MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001487 TINeuro-otological abnormalities in xeroderma pigmentosum with particular reference to deafness. ABThe neuro-otological findings are described in 3 unrelated patients who had xeroderma pigmentosum. All had impaired hearing. Routine audiometric assessment suggested that the hearing loss was of cochlear origin; brainstem evoked potentials in 2 patients and electrocochleography in 1 support this conclusion. Two adult patients had a supranuclear ophthalmoplegia. Vestibular function was mildly deranged and visual suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex impaired. AUKenyon GS; Booth JB; Prasher DK; Rudge P EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p771-84 MJDeafness; Xeroderma Pigmentosum MNAdult; Deafness /PP; Hearing Disorders /ET /PP; Middle Age; Oculomotor Nerve /PP; Vestibular Apparatus /PP; Xeroderma Pigmentosum /PP MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001488 TISubcortical dementia. Frontal cortex hypometabolism detected by positron tomography in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. ABThe dementia associated with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is considered to be subcortical because the cerebral cortex, unlike the subcortical structures, is usually free from major neuropathological lesions; the characteristic symptoms point to a dysfunction of the prefrontal lobe. The regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMR Glu) was studied by positron emission tomography and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose18FDG in 6 patients presumed to have PSP and was compared with values found in 8 control subjects of similar age. The results obtained showed a highly significant rCMR Glu decrease in the prefrontal cortex of our patients. The loss of several subcortical afferents to prefrontal cortex may be responsible for the frontal cortical hypometabolism present in PSP. AUD'Antona R; Baron JC; Samson Y; Serdaru M; Viader F; Agid Y; Cambier J EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p785-99 MJDementia /ME; Paralysis, Bulbar /ME MNAged; Dementia /CO /DI; Frontal Lobe /ME /RI; Glucose /ME; Middle Age; Paralysis, Bulbar /CO /RI; Tomography, Emission Computed MTFemale; Human; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001489 TIAxonal projections of X-cells to the superior colliculus and to the nucleus of the optic tract in cats. ABAxonal projections of ganglion cells to the superior colliculus (SC) and to the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) were re-examined physiologically in the cat's retina. Taking care to minimize current spreads around the stimulating electrodes placed in the NOT or the SC, we reached a conclusion that a substantial proportion of X-cells project to the NOT while a small but definite proportion of them project to the SC. AUSawai H; Fukuda Y; Wakakuwa K EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p1-6 MJAxons; Ganglia /PH; Neural Transmission; Superior Colliculus; Visual Pathways MNCats; Differential Threshold; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Ganglia /CY; Neurons /PH MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001490 TIEffect of paraventricular nucleus lesions on arterial pressure and heart rate after aortic baroreceptor denervation in the rat. ABTwo series of experiments were done in male Wistar rats to investigate the effects of lesions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) on the maintenance and development of the elevated arterial pressure resulting from denervation of aortic baroreceptors. In the first series, after control recordings of arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR), rats were subjected to either bilateral aortic depressor nerve (ADN) transection or sham-ADN transection. These animals were later subjected to either bilateral lesions of the PVH or sham-PVH lesions. AP (146 +/- 2 mm Hg) and HR (515 +/- 5 bpm) were significantly elevated in only the ADN-transected groups. Bilateral lesions of the PVH significantly reduced AP (119 +/- 3 mm Hg) and HR (440 +/- 8 bpm) in the ADN transected animals compared to ADN-transected sham-PVH-lesioned animals, to levels which were not significantly different from pre-ADN-transected levels (AP, 113 +/- 2 mm Hg; HR, 448 +/- 3 bpm), and from sham-ADN-transected PVH-lesioned (AP, 119 +/- 2 mm Hg; HR, 391 +/- 6 bpm) and sham-ADN-transected sham-PVH-lesioned animals (AP, 116 +/- 2 mm Hg; HR, 436 +/- 4 bpm). In the second series of experiments, after control AP and HR recordings rats were first subjected to either bilateral lesions of the PVH or sham-PVH lesions, and second to either bilateral ADN transection or sham-ADN transection. PVH lesions did not significantly alter the AP and HR from control levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUZhang TX; Ciriello J EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p101-9 MJAorta; Blood Pressure; Denervation; Heart Rate; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Pressoreceptors MNHypertension /ET /PP; Hypothalamus /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001492 TISimultaneous recordings from pairs of cat somatosensory cortical neurons with overlapping peripheral receptive fields. ABFifty-three cell pairs in the somatosensory cerebral cortex were examined in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats for evidence of short latency interactions. Many neuronal pairs separated by distances of 150 to 500 micron were observed to have temporal dependencies. In a subset of 19 pairs where the surrounding multiunit activity could be classified as rapidly adapting or slowly adapting, short latency interactions existed only between cell pairs sharing the same multiunit background activity. If one member of the pair was in a slowly adapting background and the other in a rapidly adapting background, the cells did not influence one another. This observation was taken as evidence for parallel and separate processing of afferent signals from rapidly and slowly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors in cat somatosensory cortex. AUMetherate R; Dykes RW EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p119-29 MJNeurons; Somatosensory Cortex /PH MNAdaptation, Physiological; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Physical Stimulation; Reaction Time; Somatosensory Cortex /CY; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001493 TIGenetic brain polypeptide variants in inbred mice and in mouse strains with high and low sensitivity to alcohol. ABTwelve genetically determined brain polypeptide charge variants were identified by comparing cerebellar vermis of 7 inbred mouse strains and of mice selectively bred from 8 strains closely related to these 7 ancestral strains and one other for acute behavioral sensitivity to the sedative effects of ethanol. The selectively bred ethanol-sensitive (LS, long sleep) and insensitive (SS, short sleep) mice exhibited different allelic variants at 6 of these 12 gene loci expressed in the cerebellum. Variant polypeptide A1 (81 kdalton, pI 5.6) was shown to be associated with the membrane of synaptosomal mitochondria and to exhibit a basic variant in SS mice that is determined by a dominant allele. Other variant polypeptides showed codominant inheritance in F1 crosses. However, the phenotype of no single one of these brain polypeptides consistently correlated with the ethanol behavioral sensitivity of the 7 inbred mouse strains nor of 8 recombinant inbred (B X D, C57BL X DBA) strains. This finding supports the hypothesis that a substantial amount of inbreeding, leading to random fixation of alleles independent of selection for ethanol sensitivity, occurred during the breeding of the SS and LS mice. The present findings of a lack of a strong association between sleep time and a brain polypeptide variant do not preclude the existence of a major gene effect contributing to variation in acute sensitivity to ethanol but are consistent with reports that multiple loci are responsible for the difference in ethanol sensitivity between SS and LS mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUGoldman D; Nelson R; Deitrich RA; Baker RC; Spuhler K; Markley H; Ebert M; Merril CR EM8601 IDAA03527; DA07043 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p130-8 MJAlcohol, Ethyl; Brain; Peptides; Variation (Genetics) MNCerebellum /ME; Densitometry; Drug Resistance; Mice /GE; Peptides /ME; Phenotype; Polymorphism (Genetics); Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sleep /PH; Subcellular Fractions /ME; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 12687-51-3 (Angiotensin III) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001494 TICharacterization of angiotensin binding in the African green monkey. ABThe observation that there are differences in the characteristics and distribution of angiotensin receptors in the central nervous system of mammalian species led to the analysis of angiotensin binding in a primate model, the African Green monkey. Initial studies using [125I]angiotensin II ([125I]AII) as the radioligand showed binding in peripheral tissues but little binding in the central nervous system. Conversely, binding studies using [125I]AIII as the radioligand indicated more central nervous binding with diminished peripheral binding. Specific binding of [125I]AIII is evident throughout the brain with high binding in the circumventricular organs, striatum, caudate nucleus, olfactory bulb and localized areas of the thalamus and cerebral cortex. This binding was found to possess many of the properties commonly associated with binding to membrane-bound receptors. The specifically bound radioligand extracted from incubations of [125I]AIII and central nervous tissue appears to be a product of the metabolism of [125I]AIII rather than the peptide itself. Binding of [125I]AII does occur in peripheral tissues and to a limited extent in the cerebellum, but to a different receptor from that characterized using [125I]AIII. These results are similar to those seen in the gerbil and raise questions concerning the utilization of the rat as the primary model for studying the biochemistry of the brain-angiotensin system in humans. AUPetersen EP; Abhold RH; Camara CG; Wright JW; Harding JW EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p139-46 MJAngiotensin III; Angiotensin II; Brain MNCaudate Nucleus /ME; Cercopithecus aethiops; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Iodine Radioisotopes /DU; Kinetics; Subcellular Fractions /ME; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN26566-61-0 (Galactose); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001495 TIEndoneurial oxygen tension and radial topography in nerve edema. ABEndoneurial edema occurs in numerous human and experimental neuropathies. We tested the hypothesis that the resultant increase in intercapillary distance (ICD) may result in endoneurial hypoxia. Experimental galactose neuropathy (EGN) was chosen since in this model, edema is due to the accumulation of galactitol, which does not directly damage nerve fibers, so that it was possible to study the role of endoneurial edema alone. We measured endoneurial oxygen tensions (PnO2) using oxygen-sensitive microelectrodes and related PnO2 radial topography to ICD. We also determined local oxygen consumption (VLO2) and critical PnO2(PcritO2). EGN and age-matched controls were studied at 4 months. (1) Caudal nerve conduction velocity was reduced in EGN. (2) The PnO2 values were reduced in EGN and the PnO2 histogram was shifted into the hypoxic range. These changes were paralleled by a significant increase in ICD in EGN. (3) The radial topography of PnO2 in EGN differed from the relatively uniform distribution in control nerves. In EGN the subperineurial PnO2 was significantly lower than the PnO2 at the center of the fascicle. These changes were paralleled by a significantly greater increase in ICD in the periphery. (4) That the PnO2 reduction in EGN was significant is suggested by the marked reduction in VLO2 and the large percentage (greater than 75%) of intrafascicular regions that fell below PcritO2 in EGN. AULow PA; Nukada H; Schmelzer JD; Tuck RR; Dyck PJ EM8601 IDNS 14304; NS 17891 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p147-54 MJEdema; Nervous System Diseases /ME; Oxygen MNCapillaries /PA; Edema /PA; Galactose; Microelectrodes; Nervous System Diseases /CI /PA; Oxygen Consumption; Partial Pressure; Peroneal Nerve /BS /PA; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sciatic Nerve /BS /PA; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN146-48-5 (Yohimbine); 300-62-9 (Amphetamine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001496 TIAmphetamine's effects on terminal excitability of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons are impulse-dependent at low but not high doses. ABThe actions of amphetamine in the locus coeruleus and its terminal fields in the frontal cortex were studied using extracellular recording to measure terminal excitability, firing rate and the probability of antidromic action potential invasion of the somatodendritic region in urethane anesthetized rats. At low dose (0.25 mg/kg), amphetamine increased terminal excitability. In comparison, subsequent administration of the highest dose (5.0 mg/kg, i.v.) of amphetamine tested suppressed neuronal firing and blocked antidromic action potential invasion of the somatodendritic region. Despite the absence of impulse traffic, high dose amphetamine reversed the effect of low dose amphetamine in the terminal field and decreased terminal excitability. The alpha 2 antagonist, yohimbine (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.), reversed the effects of high dose amphetamine on terminal excitability and somatodendritic invasion without reinstating neuronal firing. Noradrenergic autoreceptor agonists are known to decrease terminal excitability, whereas antagonists are known to increase terminal excitability. Thus, since low dose amphetamine produces the same effect on terminal excitability that antagonists do, it appears that low dose amphetamine may reduce autoreceptor activation by reducing norepinephrine release in frontal cortex as a consequence of inhibiting locus coeruleus neuronal firing. In contrast, high dose amphetamine acts like autoreceptor agonists do and decreased terminal excitability. Hence high dose amphetamine may increase norepinephrine release, even in the absence of impulse traffic. AURyan LJ; Tepper JM; Young SJ; Groves PM EM8601 IDDA 02854; DA 00079 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p155-63 MJAmphetamine; Locus Coeruleus /DE; Nerve Endings; Norepinephrine MNDendrites /PH; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials /DE; Locus Coeruleus /CY; Neurons /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Reaction Time; Yohimbine /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-07-7 (mitomycin C) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001497 TISchwann cell mitosis in response to regenerating peripheral axons in vivo. ABSchwann cell mitosis has been demonstrated in chronically denervated cat tibial nerves re-innervated by axons regenerating from the proximal stump of a coapted peroneal nerve. Thymidine incorporation rose above baseline levels at the axon front, with no detectable increase in more distal regions occupied by denervated Schwann cells. Schwann cells therefore enter S phase upon the arrival of a regenerating axon in vivo as previously described in tissue culture. Intraneural treatment of the denervated distal stump with Mitomycin C prior to re-innervation delayed the subsequent appearance of myelin formation. This supports the notion that axonally stimulated division of Schwann cells is a prerequisite for myelination during nerve regeneration. Axonal advancement was also retarded by drug treatment, possibly because of a reduced level of trophic support provided by the compromised Schwann cells. A comparable absence of myelin and poor re-innervation was found in chemically untreated distal stumps that had been maintained in the denervated state for prolonged periods when Schwann cell columns are known to undergo progressive atrophy. These observations suggest that nerve repair should be delayed for limited periods if efficacious regeneration is desired. AUPellegrino RG; Spencer PS EM8601 IDNS13106; NS19611; T32 GM7288 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p16-25 MJAxons /PH; Mitosis; Nerve Regeneration; Schwann Cells; Tibial Nerve /PH MNAxons /CY; Cats; Denervation; Mitomycins /PD; Myelin Sheath /DE; Nerve Regeneration /DE; Tibial Nerve /CY /DE; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-10-3 (palmitic acid); 76-74-4 (Pentobarbital) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001498 TIBrain palmitate incorporation in awake and anesthetized rats. ABUniformly labeled [14C]palmitate was injected intravenously in awake and barbiturate-anesthetized rats, and arterial plasma radioactivity due to unesterified [14C]palmitate was determined on plasma samples removed at timed intervals up to the time of death. Overall brain radioactivity was determined by liquid scintillation spectroscopy, and regional brain radioactivity was determined by quantitative autoradiography. The transfer constant, k, for the unidirectional uptake of radiotracer palmitate into the brain at 4 h was calculated from the brain radioactivity and the integrated plasma radioactivity from injection to 4 h. The unidirectional palmitate uptake was calculated as the product of k and the plasma concentration of unesterified palmitate. Barbiturate anesthesia reduced regional palmitate transfer constants and unidirectional palmitate uptakes into different brain regions by 40-60%. Palmitate incorporation into the brains of awake rats at 4 h represents uptake into structural brain components which contain lipids. The results indicate that pentobarbital anesthesia reduces this rate of incorporation by about half. AUKimes AS; Sweeney D; Rapoport SI EM8601 ID1F32 AG 05183 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p164-70 MJAnesthesia; Brain; Palmitic Acids /ME; Pentobarbital; Wakefulness MNCarbon Radioisotopes /DU; Palmitic Acids /BL; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN52906-92-0 (Motilin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001499 TIBiochemical and immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of motilin in pig cerebellum. ABThe presence of motilin in rat and porcine cerebellum was investigated by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with radioimmunoassay or immunohistochemistry. The antibodies used for this study were raised against synthetic gastrointestinal porcine motilin, which is, so far, the only known sequence of this peptide. The results obtained show the presence of a sharp peak of motilin-like immunoreactivity after HPLC of porcine cerebellum extracts, with an elution time corresponding to that of synthetic porcine motilin. Motilin-like immunoreactivity was also detected immunohistochemically in porcine cerebellum. However no motilin-like immunoreactivity was detected in rat cerebellum biochemically or immunohistochemically. This finding suggests that if a motilin-like neuropeptide is present in rat cerebellum, its molecular form differs from that present in porcine cerebellum. AUFratta W; Panula P; Yang HY; Costa E EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p171-5 MJCerebellum; Motilin; Swine MNChromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Histocytochemistry; Immunochemistry; Radioimmunoassay; Rats MTAnimal RN7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001500 TIResponse of rat paraventricular neurones with central projections to suckling, haemorrhage or osmotic stimuli. ABIn lactating, urethane-anaesthetized female rats extracellular recordings were made from paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurones that were antidromically activated following electrical stimulation of the neurohypophysis, amygdala or nucleus tractus solitarius/vagal complex (NTS/VC). Of the PVN units, 98 projected to the neurohypophysis but none of these neurosecretory neurones were found to simultaneously project to extrahypothalamic areas. From the firing patterns and the response of these neurons to suckling, haemorrhage or osmotic stimuli both 'vasopressinergic' and 'oxytocinergic' neurones were identified. We found 43 PVN units to project to the NTS/VC and 22% of tested neurones were activated by osmotic or haemorrhage stimuli; no phasic activity was associated with this activation. The suckling stimulus failed to elicit any response from these units. Upon testing the PVN units that projected to the amygdala (n = 35), it was found that haemorrhage and suckling stimuli were without effect, while the osmotic stimulus activated one of 6 units tested. Thus, the extrahypothalamic PVN projections examined in this study were not associated with the suckling reflex response, although there is evidence for their limited involvement in neural response to osmotic or haemorrhage stimuli. AULawrence D; Pittman QJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p176-83 MJAnimals, Suckling; Animals; Brain; Hemorrhage; Neural Transmission; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus /PH; Sodium Chloride MNAmygdaloid Body /PH; Evoked Potentials; Medulla Oblongata /PH; Neurons /PH; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus /CY; Pituitary Gland, Posterior /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Vagus Nerve /PH MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001501 TITectospinal neurons in the cat have discharges coding gaze position error. ABTectospinal neurons (TSNs) in the caudal superior colliculus of the alert behaving cat have a sustained discharge that depends on the magnitude and direction of the vector between a food target and the visual axis. Each TSN has its 'optimal' vector for which it will be activated at a maximum discharge rate independent of whether the animal's head is free or fixed. The discharge is not due to prolonged stimulation of a TSN's receptive field since the discharge persists even when the target is not visible. AUMunoz DP; Guitton D EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p184-8 MJNeurons; Psychomotor Performance; Spinal Cord /PH; Superior Colliculus /PH MNCats; Efferent Pathways /PH; Eye Movements; Neural Transmission; Spinal Cord /CY; Superior Colliculus /CY MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.9.3.1 (Cytochrome Oxidase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001502 TIMetabolic activity in SmI cortical barrels of adult rats is dependent on patterned sensory stimulation of the mystacial vibrissae. ABCytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemistry was used to examine the effect of sensory deprivation on metabolic activity in the somatosensory cortex (SmI) of adult rats. Chronic trimming of one or several rows of mystacial vibrissae resulted in a decrease in CO reactivity in the corresponding barrels in layer IV. Reduced CO staining also was observed in cortical laminae superficial and deep to the affected layer IV barrels, suggesting that patterned deflections of the whiskers are important for maintaining the metabolic activity of neurons at least 3 and perhaps 4 synapses removed from the periphery. AULand PW; Simons DJ EM8601 IDEY05280; NS19950 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p189-94 MJSensation; Somatosensory Cortex /PH; Vibrissae MNCytochrome Oxidase /ME; Hair Removal; Histocytochemistry; Physical Stimulation /MT; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sensory Deprivation /PH; Somatosensory Cortex /EN MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN1134-47-0 (Baclofen); 56-12-2 (GABA); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001503 TIPre- and postsynaptic effects of baclofen in the rat hippocampal slice. ABCA1 pyramidal cells responded to baclofen with a hyperpolarization. This response was found in the apical and basal dendrites and, like the hyperpolarizing response of the dendrites to GABA, appeared to be Ca2+-dependent since it was blocked or reduced by intracellular injection of EGTA or extracellular application of cadmium. Baclofen also reduced the excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials produced by stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals. The pre- and postsynaptic effects on the synaptic waveform could be distinguished. AUBlaxter TJ; Carlen PL EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p195-9 MJBaclofen; Hippocampus; Synapses MNCalcium /PH; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Conductivity; GABA /PD; Neural Transmission /DE; Potassium /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN142-47-2 (Sodium Glutamate); 487-79-6 (Kainic Acid); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001505 TIInhibition of the lordosis reflex in rats by intrahypothalamic infusion of neural excitatory agents: evidence that the hypothalamus contains separate inhibitory and facilitatory elements. ABIn attempts to activate lordosis-facilitating neural mechanisms in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), neural excitatory agents were infused into the medial hypothalamus, and the effects of the infusions on the lordosis reflex and on the electrical activity of VMH neurons were studied. Surprisingly, bilateral intrahypothalamic infusion of glutamate (10 mM, 1.0 microliter/side) into behaving, ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rats displaying moderate lordotic responsiveness did not facilitate lordosis, but instead, resulted in a rapid (within a few minutes) and transient (recovery in about 20 min) inhibition of lordosis. Further experiments showed that this lordosis-inhibiting effect of glutamate was dose-related, and was completely blocked by prior infusion of a local anesthetic, procaine. Infusion of KC1 (1.5 or 15%, 1.0 microliter/side) also induced a dose-related, rapid and transient inhibition of lordosis, that was essentially identical to that induced by glutamate. Kainic acid (0.25 micrograms/0.5 microliter/side) also caused a rapid inhibition of lordosis, but the effect was long-lasting (days). The inhibition of lordosis by these agents was dissociated in time course, presence, and/or severity from effects on non-lordotic behaviors. Electrophysiological studies showed that all three agents tested could excite multiunit activity of the VMH, and that the time courses of these excitations were closely comparable to those of the inhibition of lordosis induced by the respective agents. Altogether, these studies indicated that the excitation of certain medial hypothalamic neurons can inhibit the lordosis reflex. The implied lordosis-inhibiting neural mechanisms are separate from facilitatory mechanism(s), according to differences in latency, duration, and procaine-sensitivity of response. AUKow LM; Harlan RE; Shivers BD; Pfaff DW EM8601 IDHD 05585; HD 05737; HD 05751 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p26-34 MJNervous System; Neural Inhibition; Reflex; Sex Behavior, Animal MNElectrophysiology; Hypothalamus; Injections; Kainic Acid /PD; Potassium Chloride /PD; Rats; Sodium Glutamate /PD MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN18883-66-4 (Streptozotocin); 4205-90-7 (Clonidine); 64854-64-4 (FK 33-824); 9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001506 TIEffect of growth hormone-releasing stimuli in streptozotocin diabetic rats. ABThe dynamics of growth hormone (GH) secretion in response to different GH secretagogues has been studied in adult freely moving male rats one month after induction of diabetes by single i.v. injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Baseline plasma GH concentrations and pituitary GH content were not different in streptozotocin-diabetic (St-D) rats and controls. Clonidine (0.15 mg/kg i.v.), an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, failed to evoke GH release in St-D rats. Substitution therapy with insulin (1 IU/100 g b.wt.daily) delivered through subcutaneously implanted minipumps, allowed re-institution of a normal GH responsiveness to clonidine. At odds with clonidine, FK 33-824 (0.1 mg/kg i.v.), a potent analog of the opioid peptide Met-enkephalin, induced a similar rise in plasma GH levels in control and St-D rats. Finally, administration of a synthetic replicate of a GH-releasing hormone of human pancreatic origin, hpGRF-40 (2.5 micrograms/kg i.v.) elicited a higher GH response in St-D rats than in controls. These data indicate that in St-D rats: (1) an impaired function of noradrenergic pathways controlling GH release is present; (2) contrary to previous beliefs, an alpha 2-adrenergic mechanism is not involved in the GH-releasing effect of opioid peptides; and (3) pituitary GH responsiveness to hpGRF is increased. AULocatelli V; Miyoshi H; Bestetti G; Rossi GL; Muller EE EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p35-40 MJClonidine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; FK 33-824; Somatotropin MNDiabetes Mellitus, Experimental /PP; Hypothalamus /PP; Pituitary Gland /PP; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Streptozotocin MTAnimal; Human; Male RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 14439-61-3 (Ro 5-4864) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001507 TIBinding of [3H]Ro 5-4864 in primary cultures of astrocytes. ABIntact primary cultures of astrocytes display benzodiazepine receptors, which can be labeled with [3H]Ro 5-4864. Binding of [3H]Ro 5-4864 is specific, saturable and temperature dependent, being maximal at 0 degrees C. Scatchard analyses show a single population of high affinity binding sites with a Kd value of 6.7 nM and a Bmax value of congruent to 12,000 fmol/mg protein. The binding reaches equilibrium at congruent to 100 min, with k+1 of 0.0078 nM-1 X min-1 and is rapidly reversible with k-1 of 0.057 min-1. [3H]Ro 5-4864 binding is not modulated by GABA. Certain benzodiazepines (flunitrazepam, diazepam, Ro 7-3351) and dipyridamole displace this binding with IC50 values in the nanomolar range, whereas other benzodiazepines (alprazolam, clonazepam, chlordiazepoxide) as well as carbamazepine, phenytoin and phenobarbital have IC50 values in the micromolar range. These characteristics resemble those of Ro 5-4864 binding to brain membrane preparations reported by other authors and thus indicate that the cultured astrocytes are good models of their in vivo counterparts. AUBender AS; Hertz L EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p41-9 MJAstrocytes; Benzodiazepinones MNBinding Sites; Cells, Cultured; Kinetics; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Temperature; Tritium /DU MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.3.1.6 (Choline Acetyltransferase); EC 4.1.1.15 (Glutamate Decarboxylase); 1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 89-00-9 (quinolinic acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001509 TIEffects of intracerebral injections of quinolinic acid on serotonergic neurons in the rat brain. ABThe effects of intrastriatal and intrahippocampal injections of the excitotoxic amino acid, quinolinic acid (QUIN), were examined in the rat using immunohistochemical and neurochemical techniques. Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid measurements at 90 min, 6 h, 4 and 11 days following QUIN administration revealed highly elevated levels of the metabolite in the injected nuclei, with peak increases occurring after 4 days. Serotonin levels remained largely unchanged over the same time period. Direct visualization of hippocampal serotonergic fibers by immunohistochemistry demonstrated morphological changes (varicosities, swellings) in otherwise undamaged serotonin-positive afferents 4 days following a local QUIN injection. Hippocampal serotonin turnover was assessed at 4 days after an intrahippocampal QUIN-application: following inhibition of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, the accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan was twice as rapid in QUIN-lesioned hippocampi as in controls. Dose-response relationships, examination of brain regions distant from the two injection sites and the temporal sequence of the changes described here suggest a close association between QUIN-induced neuronal degeneration and alterations in the serotonergic system. AUAldinio C; Mazzari S; Toffano G; Kohler C ; Schwarcz R EM8601 IDNS-16102 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p57-65 MJBrain /DE; Neurons; Pyridines; Quinolinic Acids /PD; Serotonin /PH MNBrain /CY; Choline Acetyltransferase /ME; Corpus Striatum /EN /ME; Glutamate Decarboxylase /ME; Hippocampus /EN /IM /ME; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid /ME; Injections; Quinolinic Acids /IM; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serotonin /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001510 TISynchrony between cortical neurons during operant conditioning. ABOne hundred twenty five pairs of neurons were recorded simultaneously from precentral cortex of Macaca mulatta monkeys during an operant conditioning task. At the end of 5-min behavioral periods, a cross-correlation histogram was generated to look for relationships between the firing of the two cortical neurons. Eighty four (67%) unit pairs showed a significant coincidence of firing within 1 ms of each other. This relationship occurred regardless of whether the units' firing rate fluctuations were correlated or not. These data imply that in the majority of cases, the two units are probably more related than previously reported. AUWyler AR EM8601 IDNS 04053 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p66-72 MJCerebral Cortex /PH; Conditioning, Operant MNCerebral Cortex /CY; Macaca mulatta; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 40077-13-2 (BE 2254); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 59-96-1 (Phenoxybenzamine); 6917-35-7 (Inositol) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001511 TIAlpha 1-adrenergic receptors and stimulation of [3H]inositol metabolism in rat brain: regional distribution and parallel inactivation. ABThe relationship between norepinephrine-stimulated phosphatidyl-inositol metabolism and alpha 1-adrenergic receptor density was examined in rat brain. Increases in phosphatidyl-inositol metabolism were determined by accumulation of [3H]inositol phosphates in the presence of lithium in brain slices, while receptor density was determined by specific binding of 125I-BE 2254 (125IBE) in membrane fractions. Treatment of slices of cerebral cortex with increasing concentrations of the irreversible alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine caused a parallel inactivation of specific 125IBE binding sites and norepinephrine-induced [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation, although approximately 20% of the binding sites remained after abolition of the inositol response. Comparison of the density of 125IBE binding sites and the magnitude of norepinephrine-stimulated [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation in 8 different brain regions did not show a particularly good correlation. The thalamus had the highest density of binding sites and an intermediate inositol response, while the hippocampus had the highest inositol response but an intermediate density of binding sites. However, the cerebellum had the lowest density of binding sites and no measurable inositol response. Treatment of slices of each region with 300 nM phenoxybenzamine abolished the inositol response and caused a 59-73% decrease in the density of 125IBE binding sites. The lack of correlation between receptor density and inositol response between brain regions could not be explained on the basis of receptor affinity, spare receptors, protein content, nor differences in slice size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUJohnson RD; Minneman KP EM8601 IDNS21325 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p7-15 MJBrain /ME; Inositol; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /PH MNBinding Sites; Brain /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Iodine Radioisotopes /DU; Norepinephrine /PD; Phenethylamines /ME; Phenoxybenzamine /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /AN; Stimulation, Chemical; Tissue Distribution; Tritium /DU MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001512 TICommissural and ipsilateral internuclear connection of vestibular nuclear complex of the cat. ABCommissural and ipsilateral intrinsic connections of the vestibular nuclear complex of cats were investigated using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP was microiontophoretically injected into limited areas (0.2-0.5 mm in diameter) of the respective vestibular nuclei. In the commissural connections, major fibers were observed between the bilateral superior vestibular nuclei (SVN) and between the bilateral descending vestibular nuclei (DVN); a moderate number of fibers was found from the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) to the contralateral MVN, SVN and lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) and from the DVN to the contralateral LVN. Minor commissural connections were detected between the bilateral LVN. The ipsilateral internuclear connections of the vestibular nuclear complex were: (1) from the LVN, MVN and DVN to the SVN, (2) from the MVN and DVN to the LVN and (3) from the MVN to the DVN. Minor ipsilateral intrinsic connections were found from the SVN to the MVN. AUIto J; Matsuoka I; Sasa M; Takaori S EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p73-81 MJVestibular Nuclei MNBrain Mapping; Cats; Horseradish Peroxidase /DU; Neural Pathways /PH MTAnimal RNEC 1.11.1. (Peroxidases); EC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001513 TIHorseradish peroxidase evidence for a spinal projection from the preoptic area of the goldfish, a light and electron microscopic study. ABHorseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied to the transected spinal cord of goldfish labeled neurons in the preoptic area. Since leakage of HRP into the blood could produce the labeling of neurosecretory cells, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of HRP were made with a wide range of dosages in order to intentionally label preoptic neurosecretory cells. The distribution of preoptic neurons labeled after spinal HRP application was far more restricted than the labeling via uptake of HRP from the blood, even when cells in the spinal cord-transected fish were intensely labeled. Furthermore, in HRP electron microscopic material, morphological differences were observed between neurons labeled by the two procedures. Large numbers of dense core vesicles and well-developed stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum, features typical of cells projecting to the pituitary, were not observed in cells labeled via the spinal cord. These findings indicate that in goldfish a direct projection exists from the preoptic area to the spinal cord which could be homologous to one arising from the paraventricular nucleus of mammals. Both i.p. injection and spinal transection also produced labeling of more caudal periventricular diencephalic cells which resemble preoptic cells in efferent projections as well as ultrastructural features. AUGregory WA; Tweedle CD EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p82-91 MJCyprinidae; Goldfish; Horseradish Peroxidase; Neural Transmission; Peroxidases; Preoptic Area /PH; Spinal Cord /PH MNGoldfish /PH; Microscopy, Electron; Neurons /PH /UL; Neurosecretory Systems /CY; Preoptic Area /CY /UL; Spinal Cord /CY /UL MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN443-31-2 (6-hydroxytryptamine); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001514 TIMonoamine release from dopamine-depleted rat caudate nucleus reinnervated by substantia nigra transplants: an in vivo electrochemical study. ABPrevious studies have shown that fetal substantia nigra (SN) transplanted into a cavity overlying a dopamine (DA)-denervated caudate nucleus can reverse a number of the behavioral abnormalities induced by the denervation. While some histochemical and physiological evidence suggests that this reversal is the result of a functional DA input from the transplant to the host brain, there is little direct evidence for transmitter release from ingrowing graft-derived nerve fibers. In the present work in vivo electrochemistry was used to analyse the magnitude, time course and spatial distribution of neurotransmitter releases evoked by local application of potassium (K+) from DA-depleted, SN transplant-reinnervated striatum. Animals were injected unilaterally with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the SN and screened by measuring apomorphine-induced rotation. Some were then given SN grafts, which were placed in a 'delayed cavity' just dorsal to the lesioned striatum. Nafion-coated graphite epoxy capillary (GEC) electrodes were employed for the electrochemistry to minimize signals derived from ascorbate or acidic DA metabolites. The GEC electrode was fixed to a K+-filled micropipette and this assembly was used to map the caudate nucleus of control, 6-OHDA-treated, and 6-OHDA-treated, grafted animals. The morphometric relationships between striatal recording sites and transplant location were subsequently verified histologically. Releases from striatal sites within 1.0 mm of the SN grafts were slightly, but not significantly, less than those obtained from control caudate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AURose G; Gerhardt G; Stromberg I ; Olson L; Hoffer B EM8601 IDNS-09199; DA-02429; MH-00289 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p92-100 MJBiogenic Amines; Caudate Nucleus /SU; Dopamine; Substantia Nigra MNCaudate Nucleus /ME; Electrochemistry; Histocytochemistry; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serotonin /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001515 TIMorphologic and functional abnormalities that develop in kitten Purkinje neurons during maintenance for months after maturation in organotypic cultures. ABThe morphologic and functional properties of the Purkinje cells (P-cells) grown for 10-11 weeks in organotypic cultures from newborn kitten cerebella were studied and compared to cultures which had been grown for 4-5 weeks under the same standard conditions. Electrophysiological and morphological data were obtained from HRP iontophoretically labeled neurons and were quantified by means of computerized techniques. Extracellular recordings of spontaneous activity showed that the 10-11-week-old P-cells had a pacemaker-like firing rate whereas the P-cells aged 4-5 weeks in vitro displayed a bursting activity. The qualitative morphological data evidenced abnormal swellings both on dendritic and axonal processes of the 10-11-week-old P-cells which were not present on the 4-5-week-old P-cells. The quantitative data revealed a significant decrease in the overall size of the dendritic network of the 10-11-week-old P-cells mainly due to a reduction in the total dendritic length and in the total number of dendritic segments, whereas the individual segment lengths remained almost unchanged. Dendritic spine counts showed no decrease in the dendritic density of these older P-cells. Such data suggest that the changes observed in 10-11-week-old cultured P-cells may be compared to the age-related changes occurring in vivo and that such in vitro models could be useful tools in the study of the pathology of aging. However, alternative factors other than senescence are discussed since they may account for some degenerative changes observed in the older cultured P-cells. AUCalvet MC; Calvet J; Eude D; Dufosse M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p205-21 MJPurkinje Cells MNAnimals, Newborn; Axons /CY; Cats; Cells, Cultured; Dendrites /CY; Electrophysiology; Histocytochemistry; Horseradish Peroxidase; Purkinje Cells /PH MTAnimal RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001516 TIWater deprivation increases anterior hypothalamic norepinephrine metabolism in the rat. ABRats were limited to 10 min of access to water per day. After 1 week, concentrations and rate of metabolism of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine were determined in hypothalamic and limbic areas associated with regulation of water homeostasis. Chronic water deprivation caused hypovolemia, hypotension and ingestion of a large volume of water when water became available. Norepinephrine metabolism was consistently increased in samples containing the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, but no other catecholamine in any other brain area was significantly affected by the deprivation schedule. We conclude that the anterior hypothalamic nucleus is involved in the response to chronic disruption of water balance in the rat. AUKlemfuss H; Seiden LS EM8601 IDMH-11191; MH-14274; MH-10562 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p222-7 MJHypothalamus, Anterior; Norepinephrine; Water Deprivation MNRats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 63968-82-1 (kassinin); 86933-75-7 (neuromedin K); 88507-24-8 (substance K) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001517 TIThe regional distribution of kassinin-like immunoreactivity in central and peripheral tissues of the cat. ABThe regional distribution of kassinin-like immunoreactivity (KLI) was investigated by radioimmunoassay in central and peripheral tissues of the cat. In the cat brain KLI was found to have a widespread distribution with the highest concentrations present in the substantia nigra followed by the hypothalamus and caudate nucleus. Moderate levels were detected in the spinal cord, brainstem and thalamus but only low levels were found in the frontal cortex and cerebellum. In the periphery KLI was present in moderate amounts in the pituitary but in only low amounts in the dorsal root ganglion. KLI was present throughout the gastrointestinal tract with the highest concentration in the duodenum. The distribution of KLI was found to resemble closely that of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) although the ratio of SPLI to KLI varied widely throughout the tissues tested. In the frontal cortex and cerebellum the concentration of SPLI was at least 5-fold higher than that of KLI whereas in the pituitary gland, caudate nucleus and terminal ileum the concentrations of SPLI were only 50% higher. High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of individual tissue extracts was used in order to characterize the KLI. In the caudate nucleus, substantia nigra and hypothalamus the major immunoreactive peak co-eluted with synthetic substance K. In contrast, in the spinal cord and terminal ileum the major peak of KLI co-eluted with synthetic neuromedin K. These results demonstrate that KLI is widely distributed throughout cat tissues and that this distribution closely resembles that of SPLI. However, it also appears that there are important qualitative differences in the KLI between the areas tested. AUHunter JC; Hannah PA; Maggio JE EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p228-32 MJCentral Nervous System /ME; Gastrointestinal System /ME; Oligopeptides /ME; Substance P /ME MNAdrenal Glands /AN /ME; Cats; Central Nervous System /AN; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Ganglia, Spinal /AN /ME; Ganglia, Sympathetic /AN /ME; Gastrointestinal System /AN; Nerve Tissue Proteins /AN /ME; Oligopeptides /AN; Radioimmunoassay; Substance P /AN; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN60617-12-1 (beta-endorphin); 9035-55-6 (Lipotropin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001518 TILight and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of beta-endorphin/beta-LPH-like immunoreactive neurons in the arcuate nucleus and surrounding areas of the rat hypothalamus. ABbeta-Endorphin/beta-LPH-like immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and its surrounding areas were visualized by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Immunoreactive processes were found in the vicinity of the pia mater, in the lateral part of the external layer of the median eminence and near the lateral wall of the third ventricle. Neuronal perikarya contained immunoreactive dense granules as well as developed cell organellae. They received neuronal inputs from other neurons through axoplasmic and axodendritic synapses. Immunoreactive neuronal processes containing dense granules and mitochondria were found as preterminal elements on non-immunoreactive neuronal soma and dendrites. Immunoreactive processes also make intimate contact with capillaries in the arcuate nucleus near the median eminence. AUIbata Y; Kawakami F; Okamura H; Obata-Tsuto HL; Morimoto N; Zimmerman EA EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p233-42 MJArcuate Nucleus; Endorphins; Lipotropin; Neurons MNArcuate Nucleus /CY /UL; Immunochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Neurons /CY /UL; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001520 TIThe organization of neurons in the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus projecting to the superior and inferior colliculi in the rat. ABThe topographic organization of neurons in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) which project to the superior and inferior colliculi was studied using the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the fluorescent double labeling methods. Neurons projecting to the superior colliculus (SC) are situated in the rostral portion of the DNLL, whereas those to the inferior colliculus (IC) are found in the caudal area of this nucleus. These two portions are completely separated from each other and no neurons projecting to both the SC and the IC are observed. In the dorsolateral part of the rostral portion of the DNLL, neurons projecting to the ipsilateral SC are found, whereas neurons projecting to the contralateral SC are located in the central to medial part of the nucleus, but no neurons sending collateral axons to both sides of the SC were observed. Neurons located in the central part of the caudal area of the DNLL project to the ipsilateral IC and neurons in the lateral and medial parts project contralaterally to the IC. Some of the neurons in the caudal part of the DNLL have divergent axonal branching projecting to both sides of the IC. In the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, labeled neurons were observed only when the HRP was injected into the ipsilateral IC. AUTanaka K; Otani K; Tokunaga A; Sugita S EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p252-60 MJInferior Colliculus; Mesencephalon; Neurons; Superior Colliculus MNCorpora Quadrigemina /AH; Histocytochemistry; Horseradish Peroxidase; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN31362-50-2 (Bombesin); 68374-47-0 (somatostatin, octapeptide(8-D-Trp) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001521 TICentral nervous system effects of bombesin on the cardiovascular response to cold exposure. ABThe effects of cold exposure on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were examined in conscious, unrestrained rats receiving intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of bombesin or appropriate control solutions. Cold exposure elicited significant elevations of MAP, HR and VO2 in control-treated rats. I.c.v. administration of bombesin produced dose-related suppressions of cold-induced elevations of HR and VO2, but not MAP. The central nervous system (CNS)-selective somatostatin analog, ODT8-SS, injected i.c.v., reversed the effects of bombesin on HR and VO2 during cold exposure. Intravenous administration of atropine methyl nitrate did not antagonize the effects of bombesin on HR and VO2 during cold exposure. HR and VO2 were strongly correlated in bombesin-treated rats suggesting that this peptide may prevent cold-induced elevations of VO2 through a CNS action on cardiac function. AUFisher LA; Cave CR; Brown MR EM8601 IDHL-32008; NS-14263 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p261-8 MJBombesin /PD; Cardiovascular System; Central Nervous System; Cold MNBlood Pressure /DE; Body Temperature Regulation /DE; Bombesin /AD; Heart Rate /DE; Injections, Intraventricular; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Peptide Fragments /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Somatostatin /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN65426-90-6 (true blue) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001522 TILongitudinal columnar organization within the dorsal motor nucleus represents separate branches of the abdominal vagus. ABTo identify the distribution of central preganglionics associated with each branch of the subdiaphragmatic vagus, the fluorescent tracer True Blue (TB) was administered intraperitoneally to rats with 4 out of 5 branches cauterized, and then, after 72 h, the animals were sacrificed for histological analysis. Each vagal branch contained the axons of a topographically distinct column of cells within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN). The columns representing the 4 branches with the largest numbers of efferents are organized as paired, bilaterally symmetrical, longitudinal distributions on either side of the medulla. Each DMN side contains a column occupying the medial two-thirds or more of the nucleus and corresponding to one of the gastric branches (left DMN, anterior gastric; right DMN, posterior gastric). Also on each side, the lateral pole of the DMN consists of a coherent cell column corresponding to one of the celiac branches (left DMN, accessory celiac; right DMN, celiac). The fifth branch, the hepatic, is represented by a limited number of somata forming a diffuse column largely coextensive with that representing the anterior gastric branch. At some levels of the DMN, the columns overlap. Labeled cells observed in the reticular formation were correlated in number, left-right ratios and response to vagotomy with those in the DMN, which suggests that they are displaced cells of the nucleus. Distributions of labeled cells in the nucleus ambiguus and the retrofacial nucleus were not tightly correlated with those of the DMN. An analysis of cell counts obtained for each of the individual branches suggests that vagal axons do not generally send collaterals through more than one branch. AUFox EA; Powley TL EM8601 IDAM27627 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p269-82 MJMedulla Oblongata; Neurons, Efferent; Spinal Cord; Vagus Nerve MNBenzofurans; Fluorescent Dyes; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001523 TIWidespread reductions in cerebral blood flow and metabolism elicited by electrical stimulation of the parabrachial nucleus in rat. ABWe have studied the effect of electrical stimulation of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) and adjacent areas of dorsal pons on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and glucose utilization (rCGU) in anesthetized (chloralose), paralyzed (tubocurarine) rats. rCBF and rCGU were measured in dissected tissue samples of 9 brain regions by the [14C]iodoantipyrine and [14C]2-deoxyglucose method, respectively. Electrical stimulation restricted to the medial parabrachial nucleus (PBNm, n = 5) elicited significant (P less than 0.05) reductions in rCBF in 7 out of 9 brain regions. Reductions were greatest in cerebral cortex (up to 35% in occipital cortex) and least in the white matter of the corpus callosum (23%). The effect on rCBF persisted after transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk (n = 5). In contrast, stimulation of the lateral portion of PBN (n = 5), periventricular gray (n = 5) and interestingly, the nucleus locus coeruleus (n = 5) failed to elicit similar changes in rCBF. PBNm stimulation also elicited decreases in rCGU (n = 4) in 5 out of 9 brain areas, most notably regions of cerebral cortex. The decreases in rCGU (delta rCGU) were linearly related to the decreases in rCBF (delta rCBF) according to the equation delta rCBF = 2.37 delta rCGU + 2.1 (r = 0.72; P less than 0.001). We conclude that excitation of neural pathways originating in, or passing through, PBNm elicits a widespread reduction in cerebral metabolism and secondarily in blood flow (secondary vasoconstriction). Since projections of the PBNm do not involve the entire cortex, it seems likely that the effect is mediated via inhibition of diffuse cortical projections through a subcortical site. AUMraovitch S; Iadecola C; Ruggiero DA; Reis DJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p283-96 MJBrain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Glucose; Pons MNElectric Stimulation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN102-32-9 (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid); 25999-31-9 (Lasalocid); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 51-64-9 (Dextroamphetamine); 51-67-2 (Tyramine); 52665-69-7 (A-23187) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001524 TIRelease of endogenous brain epinephrine by the calcium ionophores X537A and A23187. ABThe Ca2+ ionophores X537A and A23187 produced dose-dependent release of endogenous epinephrine (Epi) as well as norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) from chopped rat hypothalamus and brainstem. The X537A-induced release of these catecholamines (CAs) was found to be Ca2+-independent, whereas the A23187-induced release was Ca2+-dependent. X537A and A23187 were approximately equipotent in causing the release of the hypothalamic Epi, NE and DA, but X537A was much more effective than A23187 in causing the maximal release. X537A, but not A23187, reduced the total endogenous CA content and increased the total 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) content in the chopped hypothalamus. Ca2+-independent release of Epi, NE and DA in the chopped hypothalamus was also observed with indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines (e.g. tyramine and amphetamine). Tyramine and amphetamine did not affect the total endogenous CA contents nor the total DOPAC content. These results suggest that X537A caused release of endogenous brain Epi, NE and DA by transporting the biogenic amines across vesicular or intracellular storage sites. However, A23187 caused release of these CAs by exocytosis via transport of Ca2+ into the neurons. AULiang NY; Hower JA; Borchardt RT EM8601 IDHL24093 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p297-302 MJA-23187; Brain Stem /SE; Epinephrine; Hypothalamus /SE; Lasalocid MN3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid /SE; Brain Stem /DE; Dextroamphetamine /PD; Dopamine /SE; Hypothalamus /DE; Norepinephrine /SE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tyramine /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN25614-03-3 (Bromocriptine); 50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001525 TITime-course and regional distribution of the metabolic effects of bromocriptine in the rat brain. ABLocal cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) and motor behavior were examined in awake Fischer-344 rats after administration of the dopaminergic agonist bromocriptine (BROMO). LCGU was measured using the [14C]2-deoxyglucose technique in 63 brain regions at 1,2,3 or 4 h after BROMO 20 mg/kg, and at 4 h after BROMO 100 mg/kg i.p. At 2 h, LCGU was reduced significantly in 13% of the 63 regions examined. The affected regions are related to the topographical distribution of dopaminergic innervation in the brain. At 3-4 h, LCGU remained depressed in some of the above dopaminergic regions, but was elevated significantly in regions which are involved in sensorimotor function. BROMO also produced two behavioral effects depending on time after administration. Locomotor activity was depressed at 1-2 h, and stereotyped behavior appeared at 3-4 h. The time-dependent effects of BROMO may reflect progressively increasing brain concentrations of the drug or of its active metabolites. The coincidence of locomotor depression and reduction of LCGU in dopaminergic regions suggests a role of dopamine autoreceptors in regulation of motor function. Metabolic stimulation of many non-dopaminergic regions when stereotypy is evident suggests that circuit(s) involving these areas may contribute to stereotypy. AUPizzolato G; Soncrant TT; Rapoport SI EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p303-12 MJBrain /ME; Bromocriptine; Glucose MNBasal Ganglia /DE /ME; Behavior, Animal /DE; Brain Stem /DE /ME; Brain /DE; Cerebellum /DE /ME; Cerebral Cortex /DE /ME; Diencephalon /DE /ME; Limbic System /DE /ME; Mesencephalon /DE /ME; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN54-95-5 (Pentylenetetrazole); 57-41-0 (Phenytoin); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001526 TIInhibitory effect of phenytoin on intracellular cyclic nucleotide and calcium changes during pentylenetetrazole-induced bursting activity in snail neurons. ABEffects of phenytoin (PHT) on the intracellular calcium reservoir, lysosome-like granules (LLG), and calcium-related intracellular events during pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced bursting activity in the neurons of the Japanese land snail, Euhadra peliomphala, were examined. PTZ-induced morphological change of LLG was inhibited by PHT. Calcium release from LLG was inhibited by PHT. PHT also inhibited the cyclic AMP increase by PTZ. PHT inhibited the increase in calcium-dependent protein kinase activity during PTZ-induced bursting activity. These findings suggest that PHT inhibits, as a first step, cyclic AMP increase which is one of the trigger factors of bursting activity as well as subsequent calcium-related intracellular pathological changes during seizure activity. AUSugaya E; Kishii K; Onozuka M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p313-9 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Calcium; Neurons /ME; Pentylenetetrazole; Phenytoin MNAction Potentials /DE; Neurons /DE /PH /UL; Snails MTAnimal; In Vitro RN4205-90-7 (Clonidine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 57-27-2 (Morphine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001527 TILocus coeruleus lesions in the rat enhance the antinociceptive potency of centrally administered clonidine but not morphine. ABThe nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) has been implicated in the descending inhibition of spinal nociceptive dorsal horn neurons, spinal nociceptive reflexes and in the antinociception produced by morphine. To further explore the involvement of the LC in antinociception, bilateral electrolytic lesions in the LC were made in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Lesions in the LC did not alter the antinociception produced by morphine (2.5 and 5 micrograms) administered in the periaqueductal gray in either the tail-flick (TF) or hot-plate (HP) tests when tested 7 and 14 days after the lesions. Baseline nociceptive thresholds in the TF and HP tests likewise were not affected at 7 or 14 days post-lesion. In contrast, the antinociceptive potency of clonidine administered intrathecally on day 13 post-lesion was enhanced significantly in the TF test; the antinociceptive ED50 of the LC lesion group was 0.52 micrograms whereas that of the sham lesion group was 2.29 micrograms. The antinociceptive potency of clonidine administered systemically (750 and 500 micrograms/kg, s.c.) was also enhanced in the LC lesion group in the TF but not the HP test. Norepinephrine (NE) in the lumbar spinal cord was correlated negatively and significantly with the extent of destruction of the LC. The lumbar spinal content of NE was reduced maximally at 12 days post-lesion (to 56% of control). The binding of [3H]clonidine in the lumbar spinal cord was slightly greater in the LC lesion than sham lesion group; the Bmax values were 42.4 fmol/mg protein and 35.5 fmol/mg protein for the LC lesion and sham lesion groups, respectively. It is suggested that the LC participates in the descending inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission and that this inhibition may be mediated in the spinal cord by alpha-2 adrenoceptors located postsynaptically with respect to the NE terminals of the spinopetal LC efferents. AUOssipov MH; Chatterjee TK; Gebhart GF EM8601 IDDA02879; T32 MH15172 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p320-30 MJClonidine /PD; Locus Coeruleus /PP; Morphine /PD; Pain /PP; Periaqueductal Gray MNClonidine /AD /TU; Locus Coeruleus /PA; Morphine /AD /TU; Norepinephrine /ME; Pain /DT; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spinal Cord /ME /PP MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN20408-97-3 (5-thio-D-glucose); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 60-81-1 (Phlorhizin); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001528 TIFourth ventricular phlorizin dissociates feeding from hyperglycemia in rats. ABThe effects of 4th ventricular injections of phlorizin and 5-thioglucose (5-TG) on feeding, plasma glucose, and plasma insulin levels were determined. Fourth ventricular applications of phlorizin (13 micrograms) and 5-TG (150 and 210 micrograms) were equally effective in stimulating feeding. Systemic injections of phlorizin (13 micrograms) did not stimulate feeding. In the absence of food, hyperglycemia was elicited by 4th ventricular injections of 5-TG. In contrast, the dose of phlorizin that stimulated feeding, did not produce hyperglycemia. Basal plasma insulin levels were not affected by either of the 4th ventricular injections. These data indicate that activation of caudal brainstem metabolic interoceptors provides an afferent limb for the production of compensatory responses and that behavioral and autonomic compensatory responses can be activated independently. The glucodynamic action of phlorizin appears selective for that mechanism mediating the behavioral compensatory response of feeding in contrast to the dual effects produced by 5-TG. These and other data suggest that different caudal brainstem mechanisms control behavioral and autonomic compensatory responses. AUFlynn FW; Grill HJ EM8601 IDAM-21397; MH-15092 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p331-6 MJBrain Stem; Feeding Behavior; Glucose; Hyperglycemia; Phlorhizin /PD MNBrain Stem /PH; Glucose /AD /PD; Injections, Intraventricular; Insulin /BL; Phlorhizin /AD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN67-42-5 (EGTA); 7665-99-8 (Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001529 TIConditioning hyperpolarization reveals a property of the light-sensitive current in photoreceptors that is modified by cGMP and EGTA. ABIn the dark, an ionic current flows into the outer segments of retinal rods. The absorption of photons by rhodopsin leads to a graded suppression or inactivation of this inward 'light-sensitive' current. The present study shows that following a conditioning hyperpolarization of the rod membrane in the dark, there was a transient increase in total inward current which could no longer be completely suppressed or inactivated by a bright light. The increased inward current following a hyperpolarization had the same reversal potential as the normal inward current but was apparently less sensitive to light. Thus the chain of events between light stimulation and the subsequent membrane current response can be influenced by voltage. Previously, it has been shown that the light-sensitive current is modulated by cGMP and Ca2+, both of which have been proposed as internal messengers that link the absorption of photons to the change in inward membrane current. In the present study, intracellular injection of cGMP or EGTA produced an additional increase in inward current following a conditioning hyperpolarization. On the other hand, these substances antagonized the effect of voltage by permitting complete inactivation of the total inward current by light after a hyperpolarizing step. These results indicate that cyclic nucleotides and calcium can modify the inactivation of an ionic current following a conditioning hyperpolarization. A simple model suggests that these findings are consistent with the notion that this inward conductance in rods has two open states, one sensitive to light and the other insensitive. cGMP or low Ca2+ appears to favor the open state that can be inactivated by light. AULipton SA EM8601 IDEY04179 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p337-49 MJEGTA; Ethylene Glycols; Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Rods and Cones /PH MNAmbystoma; Cells, Cultured; Conditioning (Psychology); Evoked Potentials, Visual /DE; Photic Stimulation; Rods and Cones /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN1199-18-4 (6-hydroxydopamine); 16590-41-3 (Naltrexone); 57-27-2 (Morphine); 74913-18-1 (Dynorphin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001530 TINon-dopaminergic mechanisms in the turning behavior evoked by intranigral opiates. ABThe turning effects of the unilateral intranigral injection of morphine and of different analogs of dynorphin and enkephalin were studied. All injections were made in awake rats through cronically implanted guide cannulae. Dynorphin1-13 at a dose of 10 micrograms (0.6 nmol) and dynorphin1-17 at a dose of 2 micrograms (0.9 nmol) produced contralateral circling when injected unilaterally in the substantia nigra (SN), lasting for about 1 h. D-Ala-dynorphin1-17, a more stable analog of dynorphin, produced at a dose of 2 micrograms (0.9 nmol), a longer-lasting effect. Injections of different enkephalin analogs were also made into the SN, [D-Ser2]-Leu-enkephalin (10 micrograms, 14.5 nmol) and [D-Ala2,D-Ala3]-Met-enkephalin (10 micrograms, 15 nmol) also produced contralateral circling after unilateral intranigral injection. This behavior lasted for 60-90 min, depending on the different enkephalins used. As already reported by Iwamoto and Way18 morphine also produced contralateral circling when injected into the SN. The circling evoked by all these opiates was completely antagonized by 5 mg/kg of naltrexone s.c. In order to study the role of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system, we made unilateral lesions of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and kainic acid lesions of the striatum and we looked at the effect elicited by these lesions on the behavior produced by the above compounds when injected into the SN. The lesion of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system failed to affect either the number of turns or the duration of the contralateral circling produced by unilateral injections of morphine, dynorphin and enkephalin analogs into the SN correspondent to the lesioned side. On the other hand kainate lesions of the body of the caudate potentiated the turning induced by intra-SN morphine and dynorphin. Therefore it appears that the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system is not essential in the expression of the contraversive turning behavior produced by intranigral injections of endogenous opiates or morphine and that opiates might produce dopamine-like effects indirectly, through the inhibition of nigral non-dopaminergic output neurons. AUMorelli M; Di Chiara G EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p350-9 MJDynorphin /PD; Enkephalins /PD; Median Forebrain Bundle; Morphine /PD; Movement; Neural Pathways; Substantia Nigra MNDynorphin /AD; Enkephalins /AD; Hydroxydopamines /AD /PD; Morphine /AD; Naltrexone /AD /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001531 TISpontaneous electrical activity induced by herpes virus infection in rat sensory neuron cultures. ABDissociated cultures of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons were infected with a syncytial strain of herpes simplex virus type 1. Over 90% of neurons in infected cultures were spontaneously active and fired action potentials which, on membrane potential hyperpolarization, were replaced by depolarizing events similar to excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Amplitude analysis of these events produced populations described by the sum of several unitary events with Gaussian rather than binomial or Poisson distributions. Such spontaneous activity was blocked by tetrodotoxin but not by low calcium high magnesium solutions containing cadmium. Simultaneous recording from pairs of spontaneously active neurons revealed excitatory connexions between cells. It is suggested that virus-induced fusion of nerve cell processes induces electrical coupling between sensory neurons, and that the resulting electrical network supports spontaneous activity. AUMayer ML; James MH; Russell RJ; Kelly JS; Wise JC; Pasternak CA EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p360-4 MJHerpes Simplex; Neurons, Afferent /PH MNCells, Cultured; Ganglia, Spinal /CY /MI /PH; Membrane Potentials; Neurons, Afferent /MI; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN39379-15-2 (Neurotensin); 85213-84-9 (neurotensin-related hexapeptide) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001532 TIPhylogenetic conservatism in the presence of a neurotensin-related hexapeptide in neurons of globus pallidus. ABThe vast majority of the pallidal neurons of the hamster, pigeon, caiman and turtle basal telencephalon were positively labeled by an antiserum against LANT-6, a neurotensin-like hexapeptide. In sharks also, LANT-6-positive neurons were observed in the apparent equivalent of the globus pallidus. These results, which imply the coexistence of a LANT-6-like peptide with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in pallidal neurons, suggest that a LANT-6-like peptide may be an important and evolutionarily conserved neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in pallidal neurons. AUReiner A; Carraway RE EM8601 IDNS-19620; AM 28565; AM28557 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p365-71 MJGlobus Pallidus /CY; Neurons; Neurotensin; Oligopeptides MNAlligators and Crocodiles; Dogfish; Globus Pallidus /AN /UL; Mesocricetus; Neurons /UL; Phylogeny; Pigeons; Species Specificity; Turtles MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 2430-27-5 (dipropylacetamide); 56-12-2 (GABA); 99-66-1 (Valproate) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001533 TIGABA mimetics decrease extracellular concentrations of 5-HIAA (as measured by in vivo voltammetry) in the dorsal raphe of the rat. ABThe effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mimetics on extracellular concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) (as measured by differential pulse voltammetry with carbon fiber electrodes) in the dorsal raphe has been investigated in the rat. Systemic administration of dipropylacetamide decreased extracellular 5-HIAA to a similar extent, and within a comparable time course, in the dorsal raphe and striatum. Similar results were obtained after intradorsal raphe infusion of muscimol (100 ng). In contrast, local infusion of tetrodotoxin into the dorsal raphe failed to alter serotonin metabolism in this area. It is concluded that GABA depresses serotonin metabolism not only in nerve endings, but also in dendrites (and/or cell bodies) of serotonergic neurons. AUScatton B; Serrano A; Nishikawa T EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p372-6 MJBrain Stem /ME; Corpus Striatum /ME; GABA; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Raphe Nuclei /ME MNBrain Stem /DE; Corpus Striatum /DE; Electrochemistry; Raphe Nuclei /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Valproate /AA /PD MTAnimal; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001534 TIDischarges of neurons in the midpontine dorsal tegmentum of mesencephalic cat during locomotion. ABDischarges of neurons in the midpontine dorsal tegmental field (DTF neurons) were recorded and analyzed during locomotion and were compared with those of reticulospinal neurons (RS neurons) located lateral to the DTF area. The conduction velocity of the descending axon of the DTF neurons was significantly smaller than that of the RS neurons. During locomotion, the DTF neurons showed a tonic increase in the discharge rate. In contrast, the discharge rate of the RS neurons showed cyclic modulation in step with locomotion. AUKawahara K; Mori S; Tomiyama T; Kanaya T EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p377-80 MJLocomotion; Neurons; Pons; Tegmentum Mesencephali MNAction Potentials; Cats; Reticular Formation /PH; Spinal Cord /PH MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 55985-32-5 (nicardipine); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001535 TINeuronal differentiation of Ca2+ channel by nerve growth factor. ABThe inhibitory effect of nicardipine, a potent Ca2+ channel blocker in muscular cells, on the Ca2+ channel of clonal rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12h) and cultured rat adrenal medullary cells was studied during the neuronal differentiation mediated by nerve growth factor (NGF). Nicardipine at nM-order concentrations suppressed the high-K+-evoked, Ca2+-dependent release of preloaded [3H]norepinephrine from PC12h cells and adrenal medullary cells, whereas it scarcely inhibited the release from the cultured rat brainstem cells. The inhibitory actions of nicardipine on both PC12h and newborn rat adrenal medullary cells were significantly decreased after these cells were cultured in the presence of NGF. These results suggest that the changes in Ca2+ channel are accompanied by the neuronal differentiation mediated by NGF. AUTakahashi M; Tsukui H; Hatanaka H EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p381-4 MJCalcium; Ion Channels; Nerve Growth Factors; Neurons /DE; Nifedipine MNAdrenal Gland Neoplasms /PP /SE; Adrenal Medulla /CY /SE; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cell Line; Clone Cells; Neurons /CY /PH; Nifedipine /PD; Norepinephrine /SE; Pheochromocytoma /PP /SE; Rats MTAnimal IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001536 TIDemonstration of the synaptic origin of primary afferent depolarisation (PAD) in the isolated spinal cord of the hamster. ABIntracellular recordings have been made from 31 primary afferent fibres within the dorsal horn of an isolated mammalian spinal cord. In 17 fibres stimulation of an adjacent dorsal root evoked primary afferent depolarization (PAD); these fibres also showed spontaneous depolarizations. Replacement of the calcium in the perfusing medium by manganese blocked both evoked and spontaneous activity showing them to be of synaptic origin. Observations on the effects of current injection and of bicuculline support an involvement of GABA in the generation of PAD. AUBagust J; Forsythe ID; Kerkut GA EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p385-9 MJNeurons, Afferent; Spinal Cord; Synapses MNAction Potentials; Hamsters; Mesocricetus MTAnimal; In Vitro RN1069-48-3 (Allylglycine); 124-87-8 (Picrotoxin); 485-49-4 (Bicuculline); 56-40-6 (Glycine); 57-24-9 (Strychnine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001538 TIStrychnine and L-allylglycine but not bicuculline and picrotoxin induce transsynaptic degeneration following transection of the inferior alveolar nerve in adult rats. ABThe effects of the convulsants strychnine, bicuculline, picrotoxin and L-allylglycine on the transsynaptic destruction of medullary dorsal horn neurons were examined following transection of the inferior alveolar nerve in adult rats. Strychnine and L-allylglycine enhanced the transsynaptic effect of nerve transection and caused degeneration of many dorsal horn neurons, while bicuculline and picrotoxin did not. The removal of glycinergic and GABAergic postsynaptic inhibition appears to enhance the transsynaptic destructive activity which follows the peripheral nerve transection. AUSugimoto T; Takemura M; Okubo J; Sakai A EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p393-8 MJAllylglycine; Bicuculline; Glycine; Neurons; Picrotoxin; Strychnine; Synapses MNMandibular Nerve /PH; Medulla Oblongata /DE; Nerve Degeneration /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study RNEC 2.3.1.6 (Choline Acetyltransferase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001539 TINucleus isthmi provides most tectal choline acetyltransferase in the frog Rana pipiens. ABUp to 9 weeks following the removal of unilateral retinal input, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the de-afferented tectal lobe is not significantly different from the intact tectal lobe. At 14 weeks, there is a 29% increase in the de-afferented side compared to the intact side. Following unilateral lesion of nucleus isthmi, ChAT activity in the tectal lobe ipsilateral to the lesion is approximately 30% of that measured in the contralateral lobe. Following bilateral n. isthmi lesion, ChAT activity in each tectal lobe is reduced by approximately 94% from intact tectal lobe controls. Thus, nucleus isthmi is the principal source of cholinergic input to the tectum. AURicciuti AJ; Gruberg ER EM8601 IDEY04366 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p399-402 MJCholine Acetyltransferase; Superior Colliculus; Tegmentum Mesencephali; Visual Pathways MNRana Pipiens MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001540 TIFurther indications for enhancement of retrograde transneuronal transport of WGA-HRP by synaptic activity. ABFactors affecting the retrograde transneuronal transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP), from spinal motoneurones to interneurones, have been studied in the cat. To this end, the location of transneuronally labelled interneurones was compared in animals which were awake or remained anaesthetized after WGA-HRP had been injected into the semitendinosus or the medial gastrocnemius nerve. In the anaesthetized animals motor axons of the injected nerves were stimulated selectively, to activate only Renshaw cells, or together with group I afferents, to activate also laminae V-VI interneurones with input from these muscles. The interneurones labelled in this study were distributed in different spinal cord regions than the interneurones labelled in preparations in which group I afferents of antagonist muscles were stimulated, as described in a previous study. The reported observations extend evidence of Harrison et al. that the retrograde transneuronal transport of WGA-HRP is facilitated by synaptic activity. AUJankowska E EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p403-8 MJInterneurons; Motor Neurons; Spinal Cord; Synapses MNCats; Horseradish Peroxidase; Lectins /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 31362-50-2 (Bombesin); 39379-15-2 (Neurotensin); 404-86-4 (Capsaicin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001541 TIBombesin-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of capsaicin-treated rats: a radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical study. ABThe neuroanatomical distribution of bombesin-like immunoreactivity (BLI) in the rat central nervous system was investigated using radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry. Whereas cross-reactivity of the bombesin antiserum with substance P was problematic in the immunohistochemical experiments, no significant cross-reactivity with substance P was apparent in the radioimmunoassay. Results from the radioimmunoassay studies reveal particularly high concentrations of BLI in the hypothalamus, thalamus, medulla and spinal cord. Adult rats treated neonatally with capsaicin displayed significant depletions of somatostatin-like and substance P-like immunoreactivity and a small, statistically significant, reduction of BLI in the cervical spinal cord. Capsaicin treatment significantly reduced substance P-like immunoreactivity, but not somatostatin-like immunoreactivity, in the medulla and resulted in a small BLI depletion of borderline statistical significance in this brain region. Neonatally administered capsaicin treatment had no effect on the thalamic concentration of any of these three neuropeptides and neurotensin-like immunoreactivity was unchanged in all brain regions studied. These results suggest that the source of some of the BLI found in the spinal cord may be capsaicin-sensitive dorsal root ganglion cells. AUDecker MW; Towle AC; Bissette G; Mueller RA; Lauder JM; Nemeroff CB EM8601 IDNIMH-39415; NS-00507; NS-15706; + SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p1-8 MJBombesin; Capsaicin; Central Nervous System MNAnimals, Newborn; Hypothalamus /AN; Immunochemistry; Medulla Oblongata /AN; Neurotensin /AN; Radioimmunoassay; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Somatostatin /AN; Spinal Cord /AN; Substance P /AN; Thalamus /AN MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-84-3 (Acetylcholine); 6912-86-3 (Tryptophan) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001542 TIEffect of atmospheric ions on hippocampal pyramidal neuron responsiveness to serotonin. ABThe effect of long-term exposure to positive or negative atmospheric ions on the responsiveness of rat forebrain neurons to serotonin (5-HT) was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to positive or negative ions (1.5 X 10(6) ions/ml) for 21 days, and a third group of rats served as controls. Unitary extracellular recordings from pyramidal neurons of the CA1 and CA3 regions of the dorsal hippocampus were obtained under urethane anesthesia, and their responsiveness to microiontophoretically applied acetylcholine (ACh), norepinephrine (NE) and 5-HT was assessed. Spontaneous rate of discharge and sensitivity to NE and ACh of hippocampal neurons were not affected by exposure to atmospheric ions. Exposure to negative ions increased and that to positive ions decreased the responsiveness of these neurons to 5-HT. During the winter, a circadian rhythm of responsiveness to 5-HT was observed in the control group, sensitivity being lowest in the morning and highest in the evening. Exposure to ions disrupted this circadian rhythm; in rats exposed to negative ions, responsiveness throughout the day was similar to that observed in the evening in the controls, whereas in rats exposed to positive ions, the circadian rhythm of responsiveness to 5-HT was inverted. Brain concentrations of 5-HT, tryptophan, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were unchanged by exposure to atmospheric ions. AUDowdall M; De Montigny C EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p103-9 MJHippocampus; Ions; Neurons; Pyramidal Tracts MNAcetylcholine /PD; Atmosphere; Brain Chemistry; Circadian Rhythm; Hippocampus /PH; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid /AN; Neurons /PH; Norepinephrine /PD; Pyramidal Tracts /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Seasons; Serotonin /AN /PD; Tryptophan /AN MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 41598-07-6 (prostaglandin D2); 551-11-1 (prostaglandin F2) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001543 TISpecific bindings of prostaglandin D2, E2 and F2 alpha in postmortem human brain. ABBinding activities specific for each of [3H]prostaglandin (PG) D2, E2 and F2 alpha were detected in the P2 fraction of the human brain homogenates. The bindings were time-dependent, saturable and of high affinity; Kd values were 30 nM for all the PG bindings. Regional distribution of these binding activities was determined by measuring specific bindings with 10 nM [3H]PG-D2, [3H]PG-E2 and [3H]PG-F2 alpha in the P2 fractions from 17 brain regions. The PG-D2 binding activity was high in the hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus followed by cerebellar nuclei, thalamus, nucleus accumbens and cerebral cortex. The PG-E2 binding sites were similarly concentrated in the hypothalamus and the limbic system, but, unlike the PG-D2 binding, no significant binding of [3H]PG-E2 was observed in cerebellar nuclei, cerebellar cortex and putamen. Compared with these two PG bindings, PG-F2 alpha binding activity was low in many areas, but significant binding was detected in the amygdala, cingulate cortex, cerebellar medulla, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, midbrain and hypothalamus. These results suggest the presence and specific distribution of three distinct types of PG binding activities, i.e. specific binding of PG-D2, PG-E2 and PG-F2 alpha, in the human brain. AUWatanabe Y; Tokumoto H; Yamashita A; Narumiya S; Mizuno N; Hayaishi O EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p110-6 MJBrain; Prostaglandins D; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Receptors, Endogenous Substances; Receptors, Prostaglandin MNMiddle Age MTComparative Study; Female; Human; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-57-5 (Gold) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001544 TIUltrastructural morphometric analysis of somatostatin-like immunoreactive neurones in the rat central nervous system after labelling with colloidal gold. ABNerve terminals of the rat median eminence, arcuate nucleus and spinal cord were examined in the electron microscope after post-embedding, colloidal gold labelling of immunoreactivity to somatostatin. Strong immunostaining was thus obtained together with adequate morphological preservation. Reactive boutons showed clusters of gold particles essentially confined to dense-cored vesicles. In the median eminence, the positive varicosities made up more than half of all terminals and averaged 735 nm in diameter. Those in the arcuate nucleus and spinal cord were much less numerous and generally smaller (575 nm). The labelled vesicles had mean external diameters of 109, 95 and 79 nm in the median eminence, arcuate nucleus and spinal cord, respectively. Calculations of the likely amounts of somatostatin within the vesicles of the median eminence and arcuate nucleus yielded values of 0.7 and 1.4 mM, corresponding to 190 and 230 molecules of the peptide, respectively. These data support a neurotransmitter or modulator role for somatostatin in the central nervous system. AUFoster GA; Johansson O EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p117-27 MJArcuate Nucleus /UL; Median Eminence /UL; Neurons /UL; Somatostatin; Spinal Cord /UL MNArcuate Nucleus /AN; Brain Chemistry; Colloids; Gold; Immunochemistry; Median Eminence /AN; Microscopy, Electron; Neurons /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spinal Cord /AN MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56775-88-3 (Zimelidine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001545 TIStimulation of spinal serotonergic receptors facilitates seminal emission and suppresses penile erectile reflexes. ABPenile erection and ejaculation are produced by spinal reflexes subject to tonic control from the brain. This study examines the possible involvement of serotonergic transmission in the supraspinal modulation of such reflexes. The effects of two drugs which facilitate serotonergic transmission by different mechanisms, namely the direct receptor agonist, 5-methoxy-N,N'-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT), and the reuptake inhibitor, zimelidine, were compared in intact and spinal rats. Results show that serotonergic stimulation in intact rats by either drug produces a dose-related increase in the incidence of seminal emission as well as a definite decrease of the display of erectile responses. In the spinal animals 5-MeODMT treatment reproduced both effects. By contrast, zimelidine, which needs functional nerve endings to exert its agonistic action, was ineffective in the spinal rats. This is interpreted to exclude a peripheral mechanism for the effects of the serotonin agonists on penile reflexes of intact animals and makes a strong case for a spinal site of action. We postulate the existence of serotonergic receptors located in the lower segments of the spinal cord which, when stimulated, trigger seminal emission and suppress erection. AUMas M; Zahradnik MA; Martino V; Davidson JM EM8601 IDFO 5 TW03196; NIMH 21178 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p128-34 MJEjaculation; Penile Erection; Receptors, Serotonin; Reflex MNMethoxydimethyltryptamines /PD; Rats; Spinal Cord /DE /PH; Zimelidine /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001546 TIRole of the paraventricular and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclear areas in the regulation of the pituitary-adrenocortical system. ABThe role of the paraventricular (PVN) and ventromedial (VMN) hypothalamic nuclei in the activation and inhibition of the pituitary-adrenocortical system was studied in chronic experiments on rabbits. The functioning of the pituitary-adrenocortical system was estimated by changes in blood corticosteroid levels. PVN and VMN lesions resulted in a reduction of the stress-induced corticosteroid rise. VMN lesions resulted in smaller changes of the stress-induced response than PVN lesions while combined VMN and PVN lesions did not cause a larger reduction of the stress-induced activation than lesions of either area. The data obtained confirm that the PVN and VMN are connected in series. Hydrocortisone (100 micrograms/kg) administered intravenously 5 min before immobilization inhibits the stress-induced corticosteroid rise in intact rabbits. PVN and VMN lesions result in a reduction of the hydrocortisone inhibitory effect, PVN lesions having a greater effect than VMN ones. The PVN is of greater importance in both the activation and the inhibition of the pituitary-adrenocortical system than the VMN. AUFilaretov AA; Filaretova LP EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p135-40 MJAdrenal Cortex Hormones; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Pituitary-Adrenal System /PH; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus MNAdrenal Cortex Hormones /PH; Hydrocortisone /PD; Pituitary-Adrenal System /DE; Rabbits; Stress /PP MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine); 50-48-6 (Amitriptyline); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001547 TIEffect of CO2 on a brain extracellular space marker and evidence of its neuronal modulation. ABIncreases in inspired CO2 consistently altered the local concentration of the brain extracellular space marker alpha-naphthalene sulfonate (alpha-NS) as measured with ion-selective micropipettes in the rat thalamus. Stereotaxic injection of lidocaine in the region of the locus coeruleus attenuated this effect of CO2, and amitriptyline, a tricyclic anti-depressant and amine reuptake inhibitor, potentiated the effect. These results suggest that metabolic demand, as mimicked here by the addition of CO2, alters the fluid environment of the brain and central noradrenergic mechanisms may modulate this response. AUKent TA; Nagy G; Oke AF; Preskorn SH; Adams RN EM8601 ID5R01 NS08740; MH-00272; NINCDS-17252 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p141-4 MJBrain /ME; Carbon Dioxide; Extracellular Space; Naphthalenesulfonates MNAmitriptyline /PD; Brain /DE; Lidocaine /PD; Locus Coeruleus /DE; Norepinephrine /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN31363-74-3 (5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine); 50-36-2 (Cocaine); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001548 TISodium-independent binding of [3H]cocaine in mouse striatum is serotonin related. ABThere was a highly significant correlation between IC50 values of various drugs in inhibiting the Na+-independent [3H]cocaine binding in the mouse striatum and their values in inhibiting the synaptosomal uptake of [3H]serotonin. In contrast, there was no correlation between the inhibition of binding in the absence of Na+ and the inhibition of [3H]dopamine uptake. Lesioning of serotonergic nerve terminals with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine reduced the Na+-independent [3H]cocaine binding, without affecting the Na+-dependent binding. These results indicate that the bulk of the Na+-independent [3H]cocaine binding in the mouse striatum is associated with serotonergic nerve terminals. AUReith ME; Meisler BE; Sershen H; Lajtha A EM8601 IDDA 03025 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p145-8 MJCocaine; Corpus Striatum /ME; Dopamine; Serotonin; Sodium MN5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine /PD; Corpus Striatum /DE; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN17833-53-3 (N-methylaspartate); 487-79-6 (Kainic Acid); 52809-07-1 (quisqualic acid); 56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid); 6740-88-1 (Ketamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001549 TIAn intracellular study of the interactions of N-methyl-DL-aspartate with ketamine in the mouse hippocampal slice. ABIntracellular recordings were made from dentate and CA1 pyramidal cells of the mouse hippocampal slice preparation. N-methyl-DL-aspartate (NMDLA), quisqualate and kainate and the anaesthetic agent, ketamine, were applied by microelectrophoresis. Excitation by NMDLA but not by the other amino acids, was associated with increased outward rectification. Ketamine had no effect on the resting potential or current/voltage relation of the cells, but selectively antagonised the responses to NMDLA. Action potentials evoked by NMDLA were characteristically broader than those evoked by the other amino acids or by the passage of depolarising current through the electrode. AUDuchen MR; Burton NR; Biscoe TJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p149-53 MJAspartic Acid; Hippocampus; Ketamine MNAction Potentials /DE; Aspartic Acid /PD; Drug Interactions; Kainic Acid /PD; Membrane Potentials /DE; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Oxadiazoles /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro RN362-74-3 (Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001550 TIDibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate stimulates in vitro luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release only from median eminence derived from ovariectomized, estradiol-primed rats. ABThe present study examined the effect of intermittent infusion of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP; 10(-7) M; 10 min on, 20 min off) on in vitro luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) release from the rat median eminence (ME) derived from immature rats: intact females, intact males, ovariectomized (OVX) females, castrated (CAST) males, ovariectomized, estradiol primed (OVX + E2) females and castrated, estradiol primed (CAST + E2) males. In intact, OVX and CAST conditions, spontaneous LH-RH release from MEs was not modified by dbcAMP infusion. However, E2 implants in OVX and CAST rats selectively affected the responsiveness of MEs to dbcAMP: ME from OVX + E2 were highly responsive to dbcAMP; contrarily, MEs from CAST + E2 were unresponsive to this nucleotide. Therefore, these differences in MEs responsiveness to dbcAMP-induced LH-RH release appear to be dependent upon a critical effect of E2 priming on this tissue in female but not in male rats. AUKim K; Ramirez VD EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p154-7 MJDibutyryl Cyclic AMP; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone; Median Eminence MNEstradiol /PD; Median Eminence /SE; Orchiectomy; Ovariectomy; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male RNEC 4.6.1.2 (Guanyl Cyclase); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone); 521-18-6 (Stanolone); 66-81-9 (Cycloheximide) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001551 TIEffects of gonadal steroids on guanylate cyclase activity in the developing and adult brain. AB17 beta-estradiol enhances guanylate cyclase activity when incubated in vitro with tissue slices from all areas of the neonatal rat forebrain. This action is not mimicked by other steroids. In vivo exposure of neonatal and adult rat brains to estradiol (either secreted directly or formed by metabolic conversion of testosterone) also increases guanylate cyclase activity in estrogen target areas of the brain. AUAmechi OA; Butterworth PJ; Thomas PJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p158-61 MJAmygdaloid Body /EN; Cerebral Cortex /EN; Guanyl Cyclase; Hypothalamus /EN MNAging; Aldosterone /PD; Amygdaloid Body /DE; Animals, Newborn; Cerebral Cortex /DE; Cycloheximide /PD; Estradiol /PD; Hypothalamus /DE; Rats; Stanolone /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male RN113-79-1 (Argipressin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001552 TIElectrophysiological analysis of potential arginine vasopressin projections to the ventral septal area of the rat. ABExtracellular electrophysiological studies of neurons in the ventral septal region of the rat have examined afferent input from the paraventricular nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Short latency excitatory or inhibitory orthodromic potentials were obtained following electrical stimulation of each nucleus, thereby providing evidence for these areas as a possible source of arginine vasopressin (AVP) fibers to the ventral septal region. These projections may mediate the reported antipyretic action of arginine vasopressin in the ventral septal region. AUDisturnal JE; Veale WL; Pittman QJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p162-7 MJArgipressin; Neurons; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Septum Pellucidum; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus MNElectrophysiology; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001553 TITime-course of ultrastructural changes in regenerated optic fiber terminals of goldfish. ABThe ultrastructure of regenerated optic fiber terminals differs from normal terminals during the first 12 months following optic nerve crush. The area of the regenerated terminals occupied by axoplasm initially increases (1 month postcrush, mpc), then declines to a below normal level (8-12 mpc) and eventually returns to the normal level (16 mpc). The density of vesicles within the regenerated terminals remains initially the same (1 mpc), then increases (4-12 mpc) and finally returns to normal values by 16 mpc. The multiplicity of reestablished retino-tectal synapses gradually increased from an initially lower value at 1 mpc to the normal value by 4 mpc whereas the length of their synaptic contacts decreased from an initial elongation (1 mpc) to the normal length (4 mpc). AURadel JD; Yoon MG EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p168-71 MJNerve Regeneration; Optic Nerve; Superior Colliculus MNGoldfish; Nerve Crush; Optic Nerve /UL; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7429-90-5 (Aluminum); 7784-13-6 (aluminum chloride hexahydrate) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001554 TIAluminum intoxication: a disorder of neurofilament transport in motor neurons. ABIn the rabbit, intrathecal administration of aluminum salts (AlCl3) induces accumulation of neurofilaments in nerve cells of the central nervous system. In motor neurons, the spatial pattern of neurofilamentous accumulation following aluminum intoxication suggests a defect in the axonal transport of neurofilament proteins. To test this hypothesis, we examined the distribution of radioactive cytoskeletal proteins in sciatic nerves of intoxicated and control animals. In the nerves of aluminum-injected animals, there was a 40% reduction in the relative amount of radioactive neurofilament proteins compared to tubulin. These results suggest that an abnormality in neurofilament transport may be important in the pathogenesis of the neurofibrillary pathology induced by aluminum intoxication. AUTroncoso JC; Hoffman PN; Griffin JW; Hess-Kozlow KM; Price DL EM8601 IDNS 10580; NS 15721; NS 18687; + SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p172-5 MJAluminum; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Motor Neurons; Sciatic Nerve /ME; Tubulin MNBiological Transport /DE; Motor Neurons /ME; Rabbits; Sciatic Nerve /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001555 TIA calculation method for evaluating the time course of GABA removal from a synaptic cleft by presynaptic uptake systems. ABA calculation method for evaluating the time course of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) removal from a synaptic cleft by presynaptic uptake is suggested. The evaluation of the actual time required to remove GABA requires the knowledge of: (a) KM's and Vmax's (mol/min/mg protein) of the synaptosomal uptake systems in a certain brain area; (b) the synaptosomal volume per mg of protein in the synaptosomal preparation used; (c) the mean sphere diameter for synaptic boutons in the brain area considered and the proportion of GABAergic nerve terminals. AUCupello A; Hyden H EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p176-8 MJBrain; GABA; Synaptosomes MNModels, Biological; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001556 TIDistribution and response characteristics of masseteric nerve-driven neurons in two separate cortical projection areas of cats. ABCortical projection areas and distribution and response characteristics of masseteric nerve-driven neurons (MDN) were studied by recording surface-evoked potentials and single neuronal activities elicited by stimulation of the contralateral masseteric nerve in cats. Neuronal activities of MDNs could be recorded in two separate cortical areas. One was located in laminae II-III of area 3b of the posterior part of the coronal gyrus (P), and the other in laminae IV-V of areas 3a and 6a beta of the anterior parts of the coronal and lateral sigmoid gyri (A). The majority of MDNs were driven by low-threshold muscle afferents (Group I and II). Peak latencies of MDNs in P were shorter than those in A. Intracortical microstimulation (less than 30 microA) in A produced oro-facial movements while stimulation in P did not produce any motor effects. AUIwata K; Itoga H; Ikukawa A; Hanashima N; Sumino R EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p179-82 MJEvoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Masseter Muscle; Masticatory Muscles; Neurons, Afferent; Somatosensory Cortex MNCats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.6.1.19 (Aminobutyrate Aminotransferase); 56-12-2 (GABA); 60643-86-9 (4-aminohex-5-enoic acid); 7439-89-6 (Iron) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001557 TIIron concentration reduced in ventral pallidum, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra by GABA-transaminase inhibitor, gamma-vinyl GABA. ABRecent histochemical studies indicate that there is considerable overlap of brain areas accumulating iron in oligodendrocytes with those in which GABA neurons terminate. The ventral pallidum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra and cerebellar nuclei are iron-rich areas, receive GABA-containing efferents, and have high concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). The present study examines the effect of disruption of the metabolism of GABA on the accumulation of iron in GABAergic projection sites. Gamma-vinyl GABA, an enzyme activated inhibitor of GABA-transaminase, was injected unilaterally into the globus pallidus and adjacent striatum or into the substantia nigra of the rat brain. Additional animals received unilateral injections of saline into the same areas or an electrocoagulation lesion of the globus pallidus and surrounding striatum. Two days after injection or lesion all animals were perfused and 40 micron sections of the brain were processed with the Perls' + diaminobenzidine (DAB) histochemical method for iron. The intensity of iron stain was measured with densitometry. Gamma-vinyl GABA injection into the striatum/pallidum resulted in a significant reduction in iron concentration in the ipsilateral ventral pallidum, globus pallidus and substantia nigra. Gamma-vinyl GABA injected into the substantia nigra reduced iron in the injection site. This study provides evidence that the presence of iron in the brain is related to the utilization of GABA. AUHill JM EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p18-25 MJAminobutyrate Aminotransferase; Aminocaproic Acids; Corpus Striatum; Globus Pallidus /ME; Iron; Substantia Nigra /ME MNGABA /ME; Globus Pallidus /DE; Histocytochemistry; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Substantia Nigra /DE; Superior Colliculus /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female RN87096-84-2 (neuromedin B) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001558 TIDistribution and chromatographic characterization of neuromedin B-like immunoreactivity in the human spinal cord. ABThe quantitative regional distribution of neuromedin B-like immunoreactivity in normal postmortem human spinal cord was studied by a specific radioimmunoassay. Neuromedin B-like immunoreactivity was found in highest concentration in the dorsal part of the sacral cord. Chromatographic analyses by gel permeation and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed two major peaks of neuromedin B-like immunoreactivity and the prevalent molecular form, approx. 90% of the total immunoreactivity, was chromatographically identical to synthetic porcine neuromedin B. AUNamba M; Ghatei MA; Anand P; Bloom SR EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p183-6 MJNerve Tissue Proteins; Oligopeptides; Spinal Cord MNAged; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Middle Age; Radioimmunoassay MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN25126-32-3 (Sincalide) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001559 TICNS effects of circulating CCK8: involvement of brainstem neurones responding to gastric distension. ABCholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8) given i.v. or i.p. produces a variety of behavioural and CNS effects; these actions are probably exerted at a peripheral site but the neuronal pathways involved are uncertain. We show here that i.v. CCK8 acts on neurones in the n. tractus solitarius with an input from the stomach; cells are either excited or depressed by CCK8 and gastric distension, and responses to the two stimuli are always in the same direction. The responses to close arterial injection of CCK8 indicate a site of action within the splanchnic bed, and most probably a direct action on the vagal afferents mediating gastric mechanoreceptor discharge. AURaybould HE; Gayton RJ; Dockray GJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p187-90 MJMechanoreceptors; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons, Afferent; Sincalide /PD; Stomach MNRats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sincalide /AD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001560 TIAmygdala norepinephrine involved in two separate long-term memory retrieval processes. ABNoradrenergic manipulation of the rodent amygdala results in time-dependent disruption of long-term memory for a one-trial aversive experience. Findings using both state-dependent and consolidation experimental procedures suggest that the norepinephrine system of the amygdala underlies not only consolidation-like mechanisms. There appear to be specific noradrenergic substrates for two or more memory retrieval processes which may be physiologically similar to either acquisition or later memory development involving aversive information. AUEllis ME EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p191-5 MJAmygdaloid Body; Learning; Memory; Norepinephrine MNEscape Reaction; Rats MTAnimal; Male RNEC 4.2.1.11 (Phosphopyruvate Hydratase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001561 TIThe separation and identification of enolase isozymes of brain and sciatic nerve by high-pressure liquid anion-exchange chromatography. ABA rapid technique for separating and quantitating the three enolase isozymes present in rodent brain and sciatic nerve was developed using high-pressure liquid anion-exchange chromatography. At pH 7.9, one cationic and two anionic enzyme forms were separated with baseline resolution in an imidazole buffer containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and magnesium. The recovery of enolase activity was 90% or greater for brain and 85% for sciatic nerve. Chromatography of liver and axon-free (degenerated) sciatic nerve allowed the identification of non-neuronal, hybrid, and neuron-specific enolase isozymes. These enzyme forms, respectively, constituted 40%, 29% and 19% of total activity in brain, and 63%, 13% and 4% of total activity in normal sciatic nerve. AUSoiefer AI; Miller MS; Sabri MI; Spencer PS EM8601 IDNINCDS 07183; NIOSH 00851; NS 19611 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p196-9 MJBrain; Isoenzymes /IP; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase /IP; Sciatic Nerve MNBrain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Isoenzymes /AN; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-84-3 (Acetylcholine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001562 TISingle acetylcholine channel currents in sympathetic neurons. ABSingle acetylcholine (ACh) channel currents were studied by the gigaohm patch-clamp technique in cultured sympathetic neurons of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Recordings were made at 22 degrees C on cell-attached and excised membrane patches. When ACh (0.5-1 microM) was present in the pipette, a single class of inward currents was observed with a chord conductance of 30 pS and a reversal potential of -2 mV. The mean channel open time was 11.6 ms at -65 mV and showed little or no voltage-dependence over the range -85 to -45 mV. These channels appear to mediate the fast nicotinic excitatory postsynaptic current. AUSchofield GG; Weight FF; Adler M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p200-3 MJAcetylcholine; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Neurons MNCells, Cultured; Membrane Potentials; Rana Catesbeiana MTAnimal RN439-14-5 (Diazepam); 485-49-4 (Bicuculline); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001563 TIContinuous release of diazepam: electrophysiological, biochemical and behavioral consequences. ABNeuronal GABAergic sensitivity was assessed using electrophysiological, biochemical and behavioral techniques following the continuous release and maintenance of relatively constant brain levels of diazepam for greater than or equal to 21 days. Our studies indicate that long-term exposure to diazepam results in: (1) a decrease in iontophoretic sensitivity to GABA in the dorsal raphe nucleus, (2) an increase in the affinity of the GABA recognition site in brain tissue and (3) an increase in susceptibility to bicuculline-induced seizures in the intact animal. Since the decrease in GABAergic responsiveness was observed in the presence of measurable levels of diazepam, it was concluded that this subsensitivity phenomenon is associated with tolerance and not with withdrawal effects of the benzodiazepines. AUGallager DW; Malcolm AB; Anderson SA; Gonsalves SF EM8601 IDNS-19655 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p26-36 MJBrain; Diazepam MNBicuculline /PD; Convulsions /CI; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diazepam /ME /PD; GABA /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine /DE; Serotonin /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN113-79-1 (Argipressin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001564 TIThe suprachiasmatic nucleus of the human brain in relation to sex, age and senile dementia. ABThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is considered to be the endogenous clock of the brain, essential for the ovulation cycle and the temporal organization of sleep-wake patterns, among other things. Immunocytochemical staining with anti-vasopressin as a marker permitted a morphometric study of this nucleus in the human brain, which revealed that the shape of the SCN is sexually dimorphic. The shape of the SCN was elongated in women and more spherical in men. In both sexes a decrease in SCN volume and cell number was observed in senescence (80-100 years). The latter change was especially pronounced in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). This suggests the presence of a structural defect in the SCN which underlies the general disturbance of biological rhythms in senescence and SDAT. AUSwaab DF; Fliers E; Partiman TS EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p37-44 MJAlzheimer's Disease /PA; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alzheimer's Disease /ME; Argipressin /AN; Brain Chemistry; Child; Histocytochemistry; Immunochemistry; Middle Age; Sex Factors; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus /AN /PA MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN113-79-1 (Argipressin); 50-56-6 (Oxytocin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001565 TIThe vasopressin and oxytocin neurons in the human supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus; changes with aging and in senile dementia. ABThe neuropeptides vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) are supposed to be involved not only in peripheral functions (e.g. diuresis, labour and lactation) but also in central processes that are frequently disturbed during aging and senile dementia (e.g. fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and cognitive functions). A concomitant decrease in activity of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS) with aging has been postulated in the literature, but has not yet been established. In order to investigate possible age-related changes in the human HNS, immunocytochemically identified AVP and OXT neurons in the paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus (PVN and SON) were analysed morphometrically in subjects from 10 to 93 years of age, including patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). Cell size was used as a parameter for peptide production. Mean profile area of OXT cells did not show any significant changes with increasing age. Mean profile area of AVP cells, however, showed an initial decrease up to the sixth decade of life, after which a gradual increase was observed. Size of AVP and OXT cell nuclei did not change significantly with aging. Observations in brains from patients with SDAT were within the range for their age group. The present results do not support degeneration or diminished function of the HNS in senescence or SDAT, as generally presumed in the literature, but suggest an activation of AVP cells after 80 years of age. The activation of AVP cells in senescence is in accordance with previous findings in the aged Wistar rat. AUFliers E; Swaab DF; Pool CW; Verwer RW EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p45-53 MJAlzheimer's Disease; Argipressin; Neurons; Oxytocin; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Supraoptic Nucleus MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Aging; Alzheimer's Disease /PP; Child; Histocytochemistry; Immunochemistry; Middle Age; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus /SE; Supraoptic Nucleus /SE MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN504-24-5 (4-aminopyridine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001566 TISpontaneous epileptiform discharges in hippocampal slices induced by 4-aminopyridine. AB4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) induced 2 types of spontaneous field potentials (SFPs) in the hippocampal slice. Type I resembled spontaneous activity induced by other convulsants. They occurred at a rate of approximately 1 Hz, started in the CA2/CA3 region and spread at a velocity of 0.3 m/s to area CA1. Transsection experiments and laminar profiles indicated that they spread synaptically along the Schaffer collateral pathway. Synaptic blockade by low Ca2+/high Mg2+ or kynurenic acid reversibly abolished type I SFPs. Increasing [Ca2+]o lowered the rate and slightly increased the amplitude. Possibly, increased spontaneous transmitter release, and not disinhibition, is responsible for the generation of type I SFPs. Type II occurred at a rate of about 0.15 Hz and travelled in the same direction, but a factor 10 slower. They could not be blocked by separation of the CA1 and CA3 region; coupling remained until stratum moleculare was severed. Type II could not be suppressed by blockade of synaptic transmission. The laminar profile is similar in shape to that of type I but not identical. Increasing [Ca2+]o had the same but stronger effect as on type I. Type II SFPs depressed evoked population spikes up to a second and delayed the next type I SFP. The mechanisms involved remain largely speculative; further analysis is needed to help understand the epileptogenic action of 4-AP. AUVoskuyl RA; Albus H EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p54-66 MJAminopyridines; Convulsions; Hippocampus MNConvulsions /PP; Hippocampus /PH; Membrane Potentials /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001567 TIModification of neuronal discharge along the ascending tectofugal pathway during visual conditioning. ABVisually conditioned heart-rate change in the pigeon has been developed as vertebrate model system for analysis of associative learning. The visual pathways transmitting the conditioned stimulus information were identified, and neurophysiological analyses during conditioning were then undertaken to determine if these pathways behave merely as input lines or undergo training-induced modification. After finding that the retinal output is invariant with training, we investigated the central visual pathways, beginning with the tectofugal pathway. During conditioning single neurons in the nucleus rotundus and ectostriatum, the thalamic and telencephalic relays of the tectofugal pathway, showed enhancement of their phasic light-evoked responses. In contrast, the initial phasic responses attenuated during non-associative training. The rate at which these discharge modifications developed paralleled the development of the behavioral response. Thus, the tectofugal pathway shows plasticity during conditioning and does not behave merely as an input channel for the conditioned stimulus. AUWall JT; Gibbs CM; Broyles JL; Cohen DH EM8601 IDP01 NS14620; T32 HL07284; MH086001 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p67-76 MJConditioning, Classical; Neurons; Superior Colliculus; Visual Pathways MNAction Potentials; Heart Rate; Models, Neurological; Pigeons MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001568 TIElectrophysiological evidence for a role of the anterolateral quadrant of the spinal cord in the transmission of noxious messages to the thalamic ventrobasal complex in the rat. ABResponses to noxious mechanical and thermal stimulation applied to the hindpaws were recorded extracellularly from the same neurons of the ventrobasal complex of the rat thalamus (VB) before and after lesions of various areas of the cervical cord in order to determine the pathways carrying the afferent messages. It was demonstrated that lesions of the dorsal and dorsolateral portions of the cord failed to eliminate the VB neuronal responses to noxious stimulation. By contrast, lesion of one anterolateral quadrant eliminated the responses to a noxious stimulation applied to the hindpaw contralateral to the lesion. This occurred whether the lesion was ipsilateral or contralateral to the recording site. From the present study and the data in the literature, it is concluded that the fibers of the spino-thalamic tract which are completely crossed in the spinal cord, travel in the anterolateral quadrant and project directly onto the VB, are involved in the transmission of noxious messages from the cord to the VB neurons. This conclusion indicates that the VB neuronal responses to noxious stimulation of the hindpaw ipsilateral to the recording site depend on the spinothalamic projection to the opposite ventrobasal complex. This therefore suggests that some noxious messages which reach a particular VB neuron are conveyed via the opposite VB and the existence of a thalamo-cortico-thalamic loop is discussed. AUPeschanski M; Briand A; Gautron M; Guilbaud G EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p77-84 MJNeural Transmission; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Spinal Cord; Thalamus MNNeural Pathways /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN439-14-5 (Diazepam); 58-25-3 (Chlordiazepoxide) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001569 TICorrelation of [3H]diazepam binding density with anxiolytic locus in the amygdaloid complex of the rat. ABUsing [3H]diazepam binding, high concentrations of receptors were found in the frontal cortex and lateral amygdala. Infusions of chlordiazepoxide into the lateral amygdala induced a release of responding measured during the component of a conditioned emotional response task previously associated with an aversive stimulus. The lateral amygdala appears to be an important component of the forebrain circuitry involved in the expression of anxiety and sensitive to benzodiazepine drugs. AUThomas SR; Lewis ME; Iversen SD EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p85-90 MJAmygdaloid Body /ME; Anxiety; Chlordiazepoxide /PD; Diazepam; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine MNAmygdaloid Body /DE; Chlordiazepoxide /AD; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN485-49-4 (Bicuculline); 56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001570 TICoping and seizure susceptibility: control over shock protects against bicuculline-induced seizures. ABRats were either given 80 escapable shocks, yoked inescapable shocks, restraint or given no treatment. Two hours later all subjects received i.p. injection of bicuculline (4, 6 or 8 mg/kg) and were immediately tested for latency to initial myoclonic jerk and clonus. The latency to clonic convulsion was dramatically affected by prior shock treatment, and the direction of this change depended upon the escapability/inescapability of the shock. Subjects that were given escapable shock showed a delay of onset to seizure, while subjects inescapably shocked demonstrated a decreased latency to clonus in comparison to restrained and naive controls. It was also demonstrated that if the subjects were tested immediately following a stress experience, both the 80 escapable and inescapable shock condition protected against bicuculline-induced seizures in comparison to the control condition. Finally Experiment 2 confirmed a previous finding that less stress, i.e., 20 inescapable shocks, protects against seizures when the animals are challenged with bicuculline either immediately or 2 h later. Our suggestion is that control over stress may facilitate GABAergic transmission, and this may be the mechanism whereby coping protects against the behavioral and physiological disruption produced by exposure to a stressor. AUDrugan RC; McIntyre TD; Alpern HP; Maier SF EM8601 IDMH 00314 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p9-17 MJAdaptation, Psychological; Bicuculline /PD; Convulsions; Electroshock; Myoclonus MNBicuculline /AD; Escape Reaction /PH; GABA /PH; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001571 TISelectivity between faces in the responses of a population of neurons in the cortex in the superior temporal sulcus of the monkey. ABThere is a population of neurons in the cortex in the middle and anterior part of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) of the monkey with responses which are selective for faces. If, consistent with the effects of damage to the temporal lobe, these neurons are involved in face recognition or in making appropriate social responses to different individuals, then it might be expected that at least some of these neurons might respond differently to different faces. To investigate whether at least some of these neurons do respond differently to different faces, their responses were measured to a standard set of faces, presented in random sequence using a video framestore. It was found that a considerable proportion of the neurons with face-selective responses tested (34/44 or 77%) responded differently to different faces, as shown by analyses of variance. An index of the discriminability of the most and least effective face stimulus (d') ranged between 0.2 and 5.0 for the different neurons. Although these neurons often responded differently to different faces, they did not usually respond to only one of the faces in the set, so that information that a particular face had been shown was present across an ensemble of neurons, rather than in the responses of an individual neuron. These findings indicate that the responses of these neurons would be useful in providing information on which different behavioral responses made to different faces could be based. These neurons could thus be filters, the output of which could be used for recognition of different individuals and in emotional responses made to different individuals. AUBaylis GC; Rolls ET; Leonard CM EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p91-102 MJDiscrimination (Psychology); Face; Temporal Lobe; Visual Perception MNMacaca mulatta; Neurons /PH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN59-01-8 (Kanamycin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001572 TIVentral cochlear nucleus neural discharge characteristics in the absence of outer hair cells. ABThe role of the cochlear outer hair cell (OHC) in auditory processing remains poorly understood. The OHCs possess an independent afferent innervation which constitutes 5-10% of cochlear afferent neurons and which appears to project to the cochlear nucleus (CN). Whether the OHCs contribute to the processing of auditory signals in the CN has not been determined. To address this question, kanamycin ototoxicity was used to produce selective OHC loss while leaving the inner hair cell (IHC) population largely intact, in the basal portion of the cochlea of chinchillas. Single unit responses were then recorded in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), and compared to responses in untreated subjects. Many of the changes observed in VCN neural responses reflected changes which have previously been reported in the VIIIth nerve. However, frequency tuning curve tip segments which were normal in both bandwidth and length were observed in approximately 22% of the units associated with regions of complete OHC loss and preservation of IHCs. This has not been reported in previous OHC lesion studies. Also, first spike latency was found to be significantly lengthened for units associated with the OHC free regions. Those features of VCN neural responses which first arise within the CN, such as non-primary-like post-stimulus-time histogram response patterns, were unaffected by OHC loss. These results suggest that afferent fibers associated with OHCs do not play a major role in signal processing in the VCN. AUWoolf NK; Ryan AF EM8601 IDNS00176 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p205-18 MJCochlear Nerve; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Hair Cells; Kanamycin MNChinchilla MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001573 TISome factors that influence the decrement in the response to GABA during its continuous iontophoretic application to hippocampal neurons. ABThe response decrement that occurs during continuous iontophoretic application of GABA to hippocampal neurons was characterized by intracellular methods in the rat hippocampal slice. Using several paradigms that compared the responses to GABA with those to poorly transported analogues, we then identified a large component of this decrement that appeared to be independent of GABA uptake and metabolism, and that is probably independent of intracellular chloride accumulation as well. This decrement, which both developed and recovered with half times that average between 3 and 5s, is too brief to directly account for long-term plasticity of the GABA synapse. However, its time course is appropriate to participation in the development of cellular responses to brief flurries of GABA-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials that may occur normally, or that may occur abnormally during a seizure or artificial tetany. AUThalmann RH; Hershkowitz N EM8601 IDNS 21713 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p219-33 MJGABA /PD; Hippocampus; Neurons MNGABA /AD /ME; Hippocampus /ME; Iontophoresis; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001574 TIThe development of the Bergmann fiber palisades in the cerebellum of the normal rat and in the weaver mouse. ABThe development of the Bergmann fiber palisades in the rat cerebellum was investigated by PAP immunocytochemistry using an anti-GFAP antibody. The Bergmann fibers are organized in parallel palisades as early as the second postnatal day and probably even earlier. This observation suggests that the organization and orientation of the palisades precedes the orientation of the parallel fibers in the same direction. Some Bergmann fiber palisades were also found in the adult homozygous weaver mouse, although it was more difficult to find palisades in these mutants than in the heterozygous or normal animals. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that during the early stages of cerebellar development the Bergmann fiber palisades organize the orientation of the parallel fibers in the longitudinal plane of the folium. AUde Blas AL; Cherwinski HM EM8601 IDNS 17708 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p234-41 MJCerebellum; Neuroglia MNAnimals, Newborn; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Cerebellum /GD; Histocytochemistry; Mice; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN154-17-6 (Deoxyglucose) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001575 TIMetabolic labeling associated with index finger stimulation in monkey SI: between animal variability. ABFour monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were stimulated with an identical intermittent vertical displacement (flutter) stimulus on the tip of the index finger and received intravenous [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). The majority of metabolic labeling was found to exist in areas 3b and 1 of the anterior parietal cortex (SI) in the form of intermittent patches, which extended vertically across the cortical laminae. When the patches were traced through adjacent sections and reconstructed to produce a 2-dimensional map, it became evident that the patches of label combined to form a complex spatial pattern consisting of strips. Although the flutter stimulus was applied to a spatially restricted peripheral field, the metabolic pattern was always complex and widely distributed within SI. Nevertheless, the 2-DG patterns produced in the different animals stimulated with the same stimulus were strikingly similar. The relationships between descriptions of the SI index finger representation based on neurophysiological mapping data and the distribution of 2-DG uptake are described. The reproducibility of the 2-DG labeling pattern and relationship to neurophysiological maps suggests that the 2-DG mapping method provides a potent and useful tool for the investigation of stimulus representation in the somatosensory cortex. AUJuliano SL; Whitsel BL EM8601 IDNS-10865; NS-07128 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p242-51 MJDeoxy Sugars; Deoxyglucose; Fingers; Somatosensory Cortex MNAutoradiography; Electric Stimulation; Macaca fascicularis MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN124-94-7 (Triamcinolone); 50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 50-22-6 (Corticosterone); 52-01-7 (Spironolactone); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 64-85-7 (Desoxycorticosterone); 74915-58-5 (RU 26988) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001576 TIRat C6 glioma cells contain type I as well as type II corticosteroid receptors. ABRat brain cytosol contains Type I corticosteroid receptors. Unlike Type II (glucocorticoid) receptors, Type I receptors have high affinity for the endogenous corticosteroids - aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, and corticosterone - and much lower affinities for synthetic glucocorticoids. In the present study, we report that Type I corticosteroid receptors are present in C6 glioma cells. Type I receptors were identified in C6 cell cytosol and whole cells by the binding of [3H]aldosterone. The specific glucocorticoid RU 26988 was used to block Type II receptors. Measured in whole C6 cells, Type I receptors had a density of 2.1 +/- 1.1 fmol/10(6) cells and a dissociation constant (Kd) for [3H]aldosterone of 0.41 +/- 0.06 nM. The density of Type I receptors was only 2% of the density of Type II corticosteroid receptors (96 +/- 7 fmol/10(6) cells), measured in whole C6 cells by [3H]triamcinolone binding. The steroid specificity of glial cytosolic Type I receptors (deoxycorticosterone greater than corticosterone greater than aldosterone greater than dexamethasone greater than triamcinolone much greater than RU 26988) was identical to the steroid specificity of Type I receptors in rat brain cytosol. The potency of deoxycorticosterone was somewhat reduced when measured in whole cells. The steroid specificity of the Type I receptor differed markedly from that of the Type II (glucocorticoid) receptor (triamcinolone greater than dexamethasone greater than RU 26988 corticosterone greater than deoxycorticosterone greater than aldosterone). Since Type I receptors in the kidney mediate effects of aldosterone upon renal transport of sodium and potassium, it is proposed that glial Type I corticosteroid receptors may be involved in the regulation of glial ion transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBeaumont K EM8601 IDHL25457 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p252-8 MJAdrenal Cortex Hormones; Glioma; Receptors, Glucocorticoid MNAldosterone /ME; Androstanols /ME; Cell Line; Corticosterone /ME; Desoxycorticosterone /ME; Dexamethasone /ME; Progesterone /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spironolactone /ME; Triamcinolone /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN39379-15-2 (Neurotensin); 85213-84-9 (neurotensin-related hexapeptide) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001577 TIThe comparative distribution of [Lys8-Asn9]-neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity in chicken and rat tissues. ABThe presence of [Lys8-Asn9]-neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity was studied by radioimmunoassay in chicken and rat tissues. In the chicken, [Lys8-Asn9]-neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity showed a wide distribution throughout the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, and the immunoreactive material co-eluted with the synthetic peptide on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. In the rat, [Lys8-Asn9]-neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity was widely distributed when 0.1 M HCl was used as the extraction procedure. However, the immunoreactive material did not co-elute with the synthetic peptide on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography; moreover, the addition of the aspartic proteinase inhibitor pepstatin to the extraction medium resulted in a large reduction in the levels of [Lys8-Asn9]-neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity and no immunoreactive material could be detected when the tissues were extracted using acetone/HCl. The present results therefore indicate that [Lys8-Asn9]-neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity is not present in rat tissues. That which was detected resulted from an extraction artefact. AUGoedert M; Schwartz WN; Williams BJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p259-65 MJBrain; Intestine, Small /ME; Neurotensin /ME; Oligopeptides /ME; Stomach /ME MNAnimals, Newborn; Brain Chemistry; Chickens; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Intestine, Small /AN; Neurotensin /AN; Oligopeptides /AN; Radioimmunoassay; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Retina /AN /ME; Stomach /AN; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male RN39379-15-2 (Neurotensin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001578 TIStructure-activity studies with carboxy- and amino-terminal fragments of neurotensin on hypothalamic neurons in vitro. ABThe purpose of this study was to determine the structural requirements for the activity of neurotensin (NT1-13) on preoptic/anterior hypothalamic (POAH) neurons in vitro. Standard explant culture electrophysiological techniques were employed. NT was administered to POAH cultures through the superfusion fluid, or, to the vicinity of individual neurons by pressure ejection (0.5-10 psi) from micropipettes. Computer-generated, peri-event histograms were used to quantitate neuronal responses. Pressure ejection of NT1-13 (50 pM to 1 microM) consistently produced an excitatory effect on 30 of 42 neurons. The remaining cells were either inhibited or unaffected. Application of the C-terminal hexapeptide, NT8-13, but not the N-terminal octapeptide, NT1-8 (less than or equal to 1 mM), produced an excitatory response in 21 of 30 neurons, but was less potent than NT1-13. Application of an N-acetylated NT8-13 fragment (NTAC8-13) produced a response that was similar to that produced by NT8-13. The excitatory effects of NT1-13 and NT8-13 were maintained in medium which effectively blocked synaptic transmission (0 mM Ca2+/12 mM Mg2+ 1 mM EGTA). These data indicate that the C-terminal hexapeptide, but not the N-terminal octapeptide, produces a dose-related, excitatory effect on single neurons in the POAH in vitro. The persistence of these effects in Ca2+-free medium supports a postsynaptic site of action for these peptides. AUBaldino F Jr; Davis LG; Wolfson B EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p266-72 MJHypothalamus, Anterior; Neurons; Neurotensin; Peptide Fragments MNAction Potentials /DE; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals, Newborn; Hypothalamus, Anterior /PH; Neurons /PH; Preoptic Area /DE /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tissue Culture MTAnimal RN154-17-6 (Deoxyglucose); 50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001579 TIExtracellular pH changes in the superfused cat carotid body during hypoxia and hypercapnia. ABExtracellular pH changes were measured in the superfused cat carotid body with double barreled pH glass microelectrodes, under constant pH (7.45 +/- 0.02), temperature (35 degrees C) and flow (3.6 ml/min) of the superfusion medium. Changes of pO2 in the medium from about 188 Torr (30% O2) to 35 or 12 Torr (5% and 2% respectively) called hypoxia, induced a change of the pH signal of about 0.1 units indicating acidification of the tissue. Medium pH monitored with a pH macroelectrode did not change during hypoxic stimulation. An increase of pCO2 in the medium from about 20 Torr (3% CO2, pH 7.45 +/- 0.02) to 70 Torr (12% CO2, pH 6.98 +/- 0.01) called hypercapnia, under constant pO2 (188 +/- 2 Torr), temperature (35 degrees C) and flow (3.6 ml/min) resulted in acidification of the tissue of about 0.3 pH units. Extracellular pH changes during hypoxia did not occur when the superfusion medium had no glucose; however, pH changes during hypercapnia persisted under these conditions. The hypoxic and hypercapnic chemosensory response of the sinus nerve were decreased or abolished during glucose deprivation in a time-dependent manner. Replacement of glucose with 2-deoxyglucose in the medium led to a similar pattern, i.e. inhibition of the hypoxic and hypercapnic chemosensory nerve response and of the extracellular hypoxic pH changes. These results indicate that glycolysis takes place and contributes to O2 and CO2-chemoreception in the carotid body. AUDelpiano MA; Acker H EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p273-80 MJAnoxia; Carotid Body /ME; Hypercapnia MNCarotid Body /DE /PH; Cats; Deoxyglucose /PD; Extracellular Space /ME; Glucose /PD; Glycolysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pyruvates /PD MTAnimal; In Vitro IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001580 TIHydrogen ion buffering during complete brain ischemia. ABAs a first step to quantify [H+] changes in brain during ischemia we used H+-selective microelectrodes and enzyme fluorometric techniques to describe the relationship between interstitial [H+] ([H+]o) and peak tissue lactate after cardiac arrest. We found a step function relationship between [H+]o and tissue lactate rather than the linear titration expected in a homogeneous protein solution. Within a blood glucose range from 3-7 mM, brain lactate rose from 8-13 mmol/kg along with a rise in [H+]o of 99 +/- 6 nM(0.44 +/- 0.02 pH). At higher blood glucose levels (17-80 mM), brain lactate accumulated to levels of 16-31 mmol/kg; concurrently [H+]o rose by 608 +/- 16 nM (1.07 +/- 0.02 pH). The unchanging level of [H+]o between 8-13 and 16-31 mmol/kg lactate implies that [H+]o is at a steady-state, but not equilibrium with respect to [H+] in other brain compartments. We propose that ion-transport characteristics of astroglia account for the observed relationship of [H+]o to tissue lactate during complete ischemia and suggest that brain infarction develops after plasma membranes in brain cells can no longer transport ions to regulate [H+]. AUKraig RP; Pulsinelli WA; Plum F EM8601 IDNS-19108; NS-003346; NS-00767 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p281-90 MJBlood Glucose /PH; Brain; Cerebral Ischemia; Hyperglycemia /PP; Lactates MNBlood Glucose /ME; Cerebral Ischemia /PP; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hyperglycemia /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-37-3 (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide); 6581-06-2 (Quinuclidinyl Benzilate); 91-84-9 (Pyrilamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001581 TIDistribution of histaminergic, muscarinic and serotonergic binding sites in cat spinal cord with emphasis on the region surrounding the central canal. AB[3H]Quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and [3H]pyrilamine were used with radiohistochemistry to determine the distribution of muscarinic, serotonergic and histaminergic binding sites, respectively, in cat spinal cord. Each ligand displayed a unique pattern of binding sites in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn [3H]Pyrilamine binding sites were localized most superficially, while [3H]LSD binding sites were densest in the region of the laminae II/III border. The distribution of [3H]QNB binding sites partially overlapped those of LSD and pyrilamine. In the region surrounding the central canal, pyrilamine binding sites were concentrated within a zone 100 microns lateral to the canal while [3H]QNB and [3H]LSD binding sites were localized outside of this zone. The distribution of binding sites in the region surrounding the central canal may provide an important neurochemical correlate for lamina X in the cat as defined by Rexed. AUSeybold VS EM8601 IDNS17702; NS 19312 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p291-6 MJReceptors, Histamine H1; Receptors, Histamine; Receptors, Muscarinic; Receptors, Serotonin; Spinal Cord MNBinding Sites; Cats; Histocytochemistry; Ligands; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide /ME; Pyrilamine /ME; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate /ME; Radiochemistry MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN154-17-6 (Deoxyglucose); 50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001582 TILocal cerebral glucose utilization in the free moving mouse: a comparison during two stages of the activity-rest cycle. ABThe 2-deoxy-D[1-14C]glucose ([14C]DG) technique has been applied to the free moving mouse for the quantitative determination of local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU). Reproducible values for LCGU were obtained indicating that the [14C]DG method had a sufficient resolution power to allow visualization and quantification of very small structures provided that glucose and [14C]DG plasma concentrations were measured on microsamples, autoradiographs prepared from proper tissue sections and suitable techniques used for analysis of the maps thus obtained. LCGU was measured in free moving mice during two stages of the light-dark cycle, one corresponding to a period of rest and the other to a period of high motor activity. In the two groups of animals LCGU was heterogeneous in the grey matter, the highest values being found in the auditory regions, the cerebellar and vestibular nuclei. LCGU was found to be lower in drowsy animals during the day than in active animals during the night and the difference was significant in the 8 following structures: the sensorimotor cortex, the septal nuclei, the nucleus of the olfactory tract, the basal amygdaloid nucleus, the ventral nucleus of the thalamus, the lateral geniculate body, the medial geniculate body and the auditory cortex. On the contrary, the suprachiasmatic nucleus was very active during the day and relatively inactive during the night as previously reported in the rat. AUJay TM; Jouvet M; des Rosiers MH EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p297-306 MJBrain; Glucose; Motor Activity MNAutoradiography; Circadian Rhythm; Deoxyglucose /ME; Exertion; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Rest MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001583 TIAn in vivo model to quantify motor and sensory peripheral nerve regeneration using bioresorbable nerve guide tubes. ABAn in vivo preparation is presented to study the rate and time course of motor and sensory axonal regeneration. The cut ends of a transected sciatic nerve were inserted into each end of a 5-6 mm non-toxic and bioresorbable nerve guide tube to create a 4 mm nerve gap in adult mice. Subsequently, cell bodies in the ventral spinal cord and L3-L5 dorsal root ganglia that had regenerated axons across the gap were retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The HRP was applied 3 mm distal to the nerve guide and was accessible only to axons that had regenerated through the nerve guide. Labeled cells were counted in 40 micron serial sections at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after initial nerve transection. The results indicate a significant increase in the number of labeled motor and sensory cell bodies over time. By 6 weeks after transection, approximately two thirds as many ventral horn motor cells and one third as many dorsal root ganglion sensory cells were labeled as in control non-transected animals. These data serve as a baseline to compare differential effects of additives to the nerve guide lumen in terms of sensory and motor neuron response. AUda Silva CF; Madison R; Dikkes P; Chiu TH; Sidman RL EM8601 IDNS14768; EY04730 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p307-15 MJBiocompatible Materials; Motor Neurons; Nerve Regeneration; Neurons, Afferent; Sciatic Nerve MNMice, Inbred C57BL; Mice MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN113-79-1 (Argipressin); 54-95-5 (Pentylenetetrazole) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001584 TIBrattleboro rats display increased sensitivity to arginine vasopressin-induced motor disturbances. ABMotor disturbances observed in Brattleboro rats (homozygous for the diabetes insipidus (DI) trait) following a first intracerebroventricular injection of 1.0 microgram of arginine vasopressin (AVP) were not significantly different from those of the parent Long-Evans (LE) strain. These disturbances consisted of periods of staring and immobility, locomotor difficulties and discrete myoclonic jerks, often followed by scratching behavior. Following a second central injection of 10.0 ng AVP, however, the DI strain exhibited more pronounced motor disturbances than the LE strain. This increased sensitivity of the DI strain to the behavioral actions of AVP does not appear to be due to a generalized decrease of seizure threshold, since no significant differences were observed between the two strains in their susceptibility to convulse following pentylenetetrazol. As the behavioral and motor effects of AVP appear to be receptor-mediated, these findings suggest that homozygous DI rats possess central AVP receptors, which, in the absence of endogenous vasopressin, may have increased sensitivity to a second central injection of AVP. AUBurnard DM; Pittman QJ; Veale WL EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p316-22 MJArgipressin /TO; Motor Activity; Movement Disorders MNArgipressin /AD /PD; Electroencephalography; Injections, Intraventricular; Pentylenetetrazole /TO; Rats, Brattleboro; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-48-4 (Cobalt); 7646-79-9 (cobaltous chloride) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001585 TISeizures induced by intraventricular microinjection of ionized cobalt in the rat--a new experimental model of epilepsy. ABA new animal model for epilepsy was successfully produced by microinjection of cobaltous chloride into the lateral cerebral ventricle of the rat. The median convulsive dose (CD50) and the median lethal dose (LD50) of CoCl2 was 0.45 microM/10 microliters (0.27-0.77 microM/10 microliters) and 1.07 microM/10 microliters (0.73-1.57 microM/10 microliters), respectively. The behavioral changes, electrocorticogram (ECoG), and the action of 5 classical anticonvulsants were studied using this new model. Seizures induced by cobaltous chloride are clinically similar to those produced by systemic administration of kainic acid and amygdala kindling. These are characterized by staring spells, wet dog shakes, mild convulsive movements, and stereotyped convulsions. ECoG findings demonstrated a unique epileptic burst during the wet dog shakes. Generalized epileptiform discharges were seen during typical seizures. The burst of spikes first occurred in the opposite temporal and frontal regions; and then became generalized. Among the 5 anticonvulsants studied, phenobarbital (30 mg/kg) and nitrazepam (3 mg/kg) completely antagonized the seizures; carbamazepine showed a moderate effect; and phenytoin as well as sodium valproate showed little effect. It is postulated that the seizures induced by cobaltous chloride may originate in the limbic system; and that cobalt ions are responsible for the seizure-inducing action. The mechanism remains to be investigated. AUZhao DY; Feng GJ; Wu XR; Zuo QH EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p323-9 MJCobalt /TO; Convulsions; Disease Models, Animal MNAnticonvulsants /TU; Cobalt /AD; Convulsions /DT; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroencephalography; Injections, Intraventricular; Microinjections; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal RN7664-41-7 (Ammonia) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001586 TIOpposite effects of ammonia and carbon dioxide on dye coupling between horizontal cells in the carp retina. ABEffects of ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) on the membrane potential of horizontal cells and on dye coupling between the cells in isolated retinas of the carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. Ammonia (less than 300 ppm NH3 in air) initially depolarized and subsequently hyperpolarized, while CO2 (10% in air) hyperpolarized the membrane potential of horizontal cells, accompanied by a diminution of both center and surround responses to spot and annular light stimuli. During the course of amplitude diminution, the center response consistently became smaller with NH3 and larger with CO2 than the surround response. In the presence of intravitreally applied DA (50 microM) or amphetamine (100 microM), a fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow CH (LY) was found to be restricted to single injected horizontal cells. The presence of intravitreal haloperidol (100 microM) for 20-25 min or an exposure of the retina to NH3 for 5-10 min diffused the restricted LY from single injected cells to numerous neighboring cells. On the other hand, CO2 was found to restrict the injected dye to single cells, an effect similar to that of DA and opposite to that of NH3 and haloperidol. The results suggest that NH3 appears to act as a coupler while CO2 acts as an uncoupler on gap junctions between horizontal cells in the carp retina, presumably by changing the intracellular pH. In addition, a brief exposure of cells, marked with LY in the presence of DA, to the exciting light 426 nm was found to prevent the NH3-induced dye diffusion from single cells to their neighbors; the reason is unknown. AUNegishi K; Teranishi T; Kato S EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p330-9 MJAmmonia; Carbon Dioxide; Retina MNCarp; Membrane Potentials /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001587 TIOrganization of diencephalic dopamine neurones projecting to the spinal cord in the rat. ABUsing the aluminium-formaldehyde method for visualization of catecholamines in combination with injections of the fluorescent retrograde tracer True Blue we have studied those diencephalic dopamine (DA)-containing cell groups which have been proposed to give rise to the DA innervation of the spinal cord and investigated the organization of the diencephalospinal DA system in detail. The A13 cell group was found to contain 370, and the A11 cell group 140, DA-producing cells on each side, whereas only very few such cells were found in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Tracer injections into the spinal cord labelled only DA cells within the A11 group. The overall majority of labelled cells were found ipsilaterally but some cells were also found contralaterally indicating the existence of a minor crossed dopaminergic projection to the spinal cord. Large tracer injections which covered the hemicord at different levels generally resulted in very similar distributions and numbers of retrogradely-labelled DA cells. The labelled DA-containing cells constituted 30-50% of the total number of labelled neurones in the ipsilateral A11 area and about 20-40% of the total number of DA containing cells in this area were labelled. Small injections that did not extend into the nucleus reticularis or the adjacent part of the lateral funiculus failed to label any diencephalic DA cells but usually labelled some non-DA cells in the A11 area. It is concluded that the diencephalospinal DA neurones have long axons that extend over several segments and possibly traverse the entire length of the spinal cord, giving off collateral branches at various levels. From the anatomical data of the present study and previous pharmacological and electrophysiological findings it seems possible that diencephalospinal DA neurones could modulate both sympathetic activity and nociception. AUSkagerberg G; Lindvall O EM8601 IDNS 06701 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p340-51 MJDopamine; Hypothalamus /PH; Neurons /PH; Spinal Cord /PH MNFluorescent Dyes; Hypothalamus /AH; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Neurons /CY; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spinal Cord /AH MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-64-9 (Dextroamphetamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001588 TIReinstatement of binocular depth perception by amphetamine and visual experience after visual cortex ablation. ABIn adult cats with bilateral visual cortex ablation the complete deficit in binocular depth perception, as measured on a visual cliff, was reversed by 4 doses of amphetamine. The amphetamine-induced recovery endured after the amphetamine treatment was discontinued. This enduring recovery of function was not obtained if the animals were housed in the dark during drug intoxication. Therefore, both amphetamine intoxication and visual experience are simultaneously required for recovery of binocular depth perception after visual cortex ablation. AUFeeney DM; Hovda DA EM8601 ID3 S06 RR08139 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p352-6 MJDepth Perception; Dextroamphetamine /PD; Visual Cortex MNCats; Dextroamphetamine /AD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001589 TILong-term depression of parallel fibre synapses following stimulation of climbing fibres. ABThe results from several investigations suggest that climbing fibres heterosynaptically depress parallel fibre responses in Purkinje cells. In the present investigation the mechanism behind the depression has been studied by extracellular recording of responses in single Purkinje cells, evoked by electrical stimulation of parallel fibres and climbing fibres. The results show that a short time of conjunctive stimulation of climbing fibres and parallel fibres results in a long-lasting depression of the parallel fibre responses and that this depression can be prevented if the Purkinje cells are inhibited during the conjunctive stimulation. Since inhibition has been shown to shorten or abolish the long-lasting plateau potentials which are evoked by climbing fibre impulses this finding supports the assumption that the climbing fibre evoked plateau potentials mediate the heterosynaptic depression of parallel fibre responses. AUEkerot CF; Kano M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p357-60 MJPurkinje Cells; Synapses MNElectric Stimulation; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001590 TIElectrophysiological evidence that circulating angiotensin II sensitive neurons in the subfornical organ alter the activity of hypothalamic paraventricular neurohypophyseal neurons in the rat. ABThirteen neurons in the subfornical organ (SFO) were antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the rat. The activity of these identified SFO neurons was excited by intravenous injection of angiotensin II (AII). Electrical stimulation of the SFO produced orthodromic excitation (40%) and inhibition (40%) of the activity of putative vasopressin (VP)-secreting PVN neurons. These results suggest that circulating AII sensitive SFO neurons with efferent projections to the PVN have both excitatory and inhibitory influences on the activity of putative VP-secreting neurons in the PVN. AUTanaka J; Kaba H; Saito H; Seto K EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p361-5 MJAngiotensin II; Neurons; Neurosecretory Systems; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Subfornical Organ MNElectric Stimulation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Vasopressins /SE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN107-35-7 (Taurine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001591 TIEffects on the caudate spindle in rats of taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) microinjected into the substantia nigra: involvement of the dopaminergic system. ABSpindle bursts (caudate spindle) were recorded from the frontal cortex in rats. The bilateral intranigral microinjection of taurine suppressed the caudate spindle, whereas the same dose of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) did not suppress the caudate spindle. These results indicate that suppression of the caudate spindle induced by taurine may relate to activation of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. AUOkuyama S; Hashimoto S; Aihara H EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p366-8 MJCaudate Nucleus; Dopamine; GABA; Substantia Nigra; Taurine MNMicroinjections; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN50-81-7 (Ascorbic Acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001592 TIL-ascorbic acid-induced DNA strand breaks and cross links in human neuroblastoma cells. ABThe effect of high concentrations of L-ascorbic acid on the in vivo and in vitro growth of human neuroblastoma has been investigated. Directly implemented into cell culture it decreased the DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, and mitosis of neuroblastoma cells, without affecting normal neuronal cells. In vivo treatment of young nude mice bearing human neuroblastoma with 500 mg/kg L-ascorbic acid for the first 10 days markedly inhibited the growth of tumor mass. As determined by alkaline elution, both DNA strand breaks and DNA cross links were observed in tumor cells treated with 1 X 10(-4) M L-ascorbic acid for 2 h. DNA-DNA and DNA-protein cross links in cells treated with L-ascorbic acid were revealed by the proteinase potassium assay. The results indicated that L-ascorbic acid can be a very effective and selective agent against human neuroblastoma. AUPavelic K EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p369-73 MJAscorbic Acid; DNA, Neoplasm; DNA, Single-Stranded; Neuroblastoma MNCells, Cultured MTHuman IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001593 TIPresence of unmyelinated axons in the spinal root of the feline accessory nerve. ABThe spinal root of the accessory nerve was studied electron microscopically at different levels in 3 adult cats. It was found that this nerve contains several unmyelinated axons. In the main nerve trunk the proportion of unmyelinated axon profiles was 27% at the level of the foramen magnum. In juxtamedullary root fascicles near the PNS/CNS transition the proportion of unmyelinated axons was lower and these axons tended to occupy superficial positions in the fascicles. No intrafascicular unmyelinated axons were found in the immediate vicinity of the PNS/CNS transition but bundles of unmyelinated axons occurred in the surrounding pia mater. The findings suggest that unmyelinated axons in the spinal accessory nerve contribute to the pial vasomotor and/or sensory innervation. AURisling M; Hildebrand C; Uhler G EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p374-8 MJAccessory Nerve; Axons MNCats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001594 TICerebral alteration in calmodulin levels associated with the induction of physical dependence upon ethanol in rats. ABCalmodulin levels were measured in different areas of brain in rats rendered physically dependent and after single doses (6 g/kg) of ethanol. After single doses of ethanol no changes in the calmodulin levels were found in the cortex, but those in the hippocampus and caudate nuclei were increased while those in the cerebellum were reduced. In the dependent intoxicated (prodromal) rats, calmodulin levels were elevated in all these regions except the cerebellum. In rats undergoing ethanol withdrawal syndrome, the calmodulin levels decreased in all regions of the brain except caudate nuclei. AUPant HC; Majchrowicz E; Virmani M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p379-81 MJAlcohol, Ethyl; Brain; Calmodulin; Substance Dependence MNAlcohol, Ethyl /AE; Caudate Nucleus /ME; Cerebellum /ME; Cerebral Cortex /ME; Hippocampus /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001595 TIPeripheral sensory nerve fibers that dichotomize to supply the brachium and the pericardium in the rat: a possible morphological explanation for referred cardiac pain? ABTwo fluorescent dyes, 'True Blue' and 'Diamidino Yellow' were injected, respectively, into the pericardial sac and into the medial brachial cutaneous nerve or subcutaneously into the medial side of the brachium. Double-labelling was observed in ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia neurons of spinal cord segments C8, T1 and T2, indicating that dichotomizing afferent fibers supply both the pericardium and the brachium. This finding provides a possible morphological explanation for referred cardiac pain. AUAlles A; Dom RM EM8601 ID5-R01-DE05832 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p382-5 MJBrachial Plexus; Heart; Pain; Pericardium; Peripheral Nerves MNFluorescent Dyes; Neurons, Afferent /PH; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001596 TIDopamine changes the shape of action potentials in hippocampal pyramidal cells. ABDopamine was found to have two electrophysiological effects on CA1 pyramidal cells in rat hippocampal slices. It increased the slow afterhyperpolarisation caused by a slow Ca2+-activated K+ conductance and it had an effect on action potentials that is postulated to be due to an increase in a fast Ca2+-activated K+ conductance. A given CA1 cell showed either one or both of the two responses to dopamine, or no response. AUPockett S EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p386-90 MJDopamine; Hippocampus /DE MNAction Potentials /DE; Hippocampus /CY /PH; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001597 TISomatosensory cortex in macaque monkeys: laminar differences in receptive field size in areas 3b and 1. ABWe have examined receptive field sizes of neurons in granular, supragranular and infragranular layers within somatosensory cortical areas 3b and 1 in macaque monkeys. Receptive fields of neurons in layer 4 are smaller than receptive fields of neurons above or below layer 4. In addition, neurons in area 1 have larger receptive fields than neurons in corresponding layers of area 3b. AUSur M; Garraghty PE; Bruce CJ EM8601 IDRR 05358; NS07497; EY 04740 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p391-5 MJNeurons, Afferent; Somatosensory Cortex /PH MNBrain Mapping; Macaca fascicularis; Somatosensory Cortex /AH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN1134-47-0 (Baclofen) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001598 TIBaclofen attenuates hyperpolarizing not depolarizing responses of caudate neurons in cat. ABThe effects of baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue, were studied on the intracellular responses of caudate neurons to cortical and thalamic stimulation. Systemic or intracaudate injections of baclofen did not reduce the initial excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) to these stimuli; however, it did completely block evoked hyperpolarizations. These results suggest that the GABA-b receptor (one possible site of baclofen action) is not found on the corticostriate synaptic terminals. Furthermore, our results clearly indicate that evoked hyperpolarizations recorded in caudate neurons are not the result of cortical disfacilitation. AUWilson JS; Wilson JA EM8601 ID2 S06 RR 08016 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p396-400 MJBaclofen; Caudate Nucleus; Cerebral Cortex; Neurons; Thalamus MNCats; Electric Stimulation; Membrane Potentials /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN24526-64-5 (Nomifensine); 25614-03-3 (Bromocriptine); 28289-54-5 (N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 52-86-8 (Haloperidol); 58-00-4 (Apomorphine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001599 TISuppression of MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice by nomifensine and L-DOPA. ABTo examine effects of various pharmacological manipulations of dopamine (DA) metabolism on DA neurotoxicity of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), C57 black mice were injected with MPTP (30 mg/kg s.c., once daily for two days) alone or in combination with apomorphine, bromocriptine, haloperidol, L-DOPA or nomifensine. MPTP markedly decreased neostriatal DA concentrations at 2, 10, 20 and 30 days post-treatment indicating persistent degeneration of nigrostriatal DA neurons. Suppression or acceleration of DA turnover rates by the DA agonists apomorphine and bromocriptine or by the DA antagonist haloperidol, respectively, did not affect MPTP toxicity. MPTP-induced neostriatal DA depletions were markedly suppressed by nomifensine, a DA reuptake inhibitor, and attenuated by exogenous L-DOPA. MPTP may be a substrate for the DA reuptake system and its specific transport into nigrostriatal terminals may be an important factor for its selective neurotoxicity. AUMelamed E; Rosenthal J; Globus M; Cohen O; Uzzan A EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p401-4 MJCorpus Striatum; Dopamine; Levodopa; Nomifensine; Pyridines MNApomorphine /PD; Bromocriptine /PD; Haloperidol /PD; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Pyridines /TO MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 58569-55-4 (Enkephalin, Methionine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001600 TIPeripheral nerve lesions cause simultaneous alterations of substance P and enkephalin levels in the spinal cord. ABThe substance P and Met-enkephalin content were measured in the rat lumbar spinal cord after monolateral section of the sciatic nerve. The proximal stump of the lesioned nerve was either ligated, limiting the formation of neuroma, or sutured intraperitoneally, allowing the formation of a very large neuroma. Both types of lesion caused a similar peptide loss. Substance P and Met-enkephalin decreased by about 50% 10 days following the lesion. Such a loss was maintained even 30 days postoperatively and was not affected by the neuroma size. Immunohistochemical stainings showed that the loss of both peptides occurred in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn. It is suggested that pain sensation developing after peripheral nerve lesion may be due to the intraspinal loss of enkephalin rather than to the neuroma formation. AUDi Giulio AM; Mantegazza P; Dona M; Gorio A EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p405-8 MJEnkephalin, Methionine; Peripheral Nerve Diseases; Spinal Cord; Substance P MNRats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001601 TIExpression of surface antigens recognized by the monoclonal antibody lan 3-2 during embryonic development in the leech. ABThe monoclonal antibody lan 3-2 was used as a marker for the developmental expression of surface antigens which are specific for the two pairs of nociceptive neurons and a subset of axons in the adult CNS of the leech. In Haemopis embryos labeling of both nerve fibers and cell bodies with the antibody appears as expected for a metameric animal in a rostrocaudal temporal gradient from about day 5-6. Surprisingly, all central cell bodies are stained by the antibody in early development. However, later in embryogenesis around day 17 the staining intensity of most cells decreases except for the nociceptive cells, which remain antibody-positive, and the adult staining pattern gradually emerges. In addition to describing the central staining pattern, we show that specific peripheral neurons associated with the segmental sensilla also are antibody-positive during development. The distribution and developmental expression of the lan 3-2-positive antigens are compared between two phylogenetically different species of leeches and the diversity of the staining pattern of the monoclonal antibody is discussed. AUJohansen J; Thompson I; Stewart RR; McKay RD EM8601 IDNS 17556; NS 17984 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p1-7 MJAntigens, Surface; Leeches; Nervous System /IM MNAntigenic Determinants /AN; Ganglia /GD /IM; Nervous System /EM; Nociceptors /IM MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001602 TINeural correlates of female song in tropical duetting birds. ABDuetting involves production of song by female and male birds in close temporal coordination. We studied the neural network controlling song in 3 tropical duetting species. The volumes of song control regions (SCRs) in the brain, neuronal density in nucleus robustus of the archistriatum (RA) which is one of these SCRs, total number of neurons in RA, and somal size of neurons in RA were measured and compared to values published for zebra finches and canaries in which only males sing. The extent of sexual dimorphism in SCR volumes, RA neuronal density, and total neuronal number in RA varied in a graded fashion across species and was correlated with extent of sexual dimorphism in song repertoire size in any one species. Somal size of RA neurons was identical in males and females of each duetting species, regardless of relative repertoire size. Of all SCRs, the caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum appeared to have the greatest relative size in the song system of duetting birds compared to non-duetting species. AUBrenowitz EA; Arnold AP; Levin RN EM8601 IDNS 19645; NS 07134; MH 15795-03 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p104-12 MJBirds; Brain /PH; Vocalization, Animal /PH MNAndrogens /PD; Brain Mapping; Brain /AH; Cell Count; Sex Characteristics; Species Specificity; Vocalization, Animal /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7439-93-2 (Lithium); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride); 7447-41-8 (lithium chloride); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001603 TIHypertensive response to saline microinjection in the area of the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat. ABWe investigated the blood pressure response elicited by microinjection of various hypertonic solutions into the area of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) of the brainstem, an area rich in catecholaminergic neurons. Equiosmolar solutions of NaCl, dextrose, LiCl and KCl were employed. NaCl produced a prolonged blood pressure rise; LiCl and normal saline produced a similar rise of short duration; and KCl produced epileptic-type seizures with postictal hypertension. Dextrose had no effect and neither had NaCl microinjection in areas relatively distant from the NTS. The rise in blood pressure was not reversed by a vasopressin antagonist injected systemically, but was totally abolished by systemic alpha-adrenergic blockade with phentolamine. These findings suggest that sodium can cause hypertension by direct stimulation of the central sympathetic nervous system without participation of peripheral mechanisms such as fluid volume expansion or alteration of the vascular wall. AUGavras H; Bain GT; Bland L; Vlahakos D; Gavras I EM8601 IDHL 18-318 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p113-9 MJBlood Pressure; Medulla Oblongata; Sodium Chloride; Vasomotor System MNBrain Mapping; Chlorides /PD; Injections, Intraventricular; Lithium /PD; Microinjections; Potassium Chloride /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Saline Solution, Hypertonic MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 37221-79-7 (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 58822-25-6 (Enkephalin, Leucine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001604 TIImmunohistochemistry of synaptic input and functional characterizations of neurons near the spinal central canal. ABNeurons surrounding the central canal in sacral spinal segments were functionally characterized on the basis of somatic and/or visceral afferent input, then intracellularly marked with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Tissue sections containing portions of HRP-stained neurons were subsequently immunohistochemically examined for the presence of contacts made by axonal enlargements containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP), somatostatin (SS), Leu-enkephalin (ENK), or serotonin (5-HT). ENK-and 5-HT-containing enlargements were found to contact all neurons examined. SP and SS terminals contacted fewer neurons, and were not associated with specific functional classes. On the other hand, VIP-containing fibers contacted only those neurons receiving visceral afferent input, thus supporting the contention that VIP is contained in a population of visceral afferent fibers projecting to the gray matter surrounding the central canal at sacral levels. AUHonda CN; Lee CL EM8601 IDNS 10321; NS 14899; NS 14904 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p120-8 MJPeptides; Spinal Cord MNCats; Enkephalin, Leucine /ME; Immunoenzyme Technics; Serotonin /ME; Somatostatin /ME; Spinal Cord /UL; Substance P /ME; Synapses /ME; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide /ME MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001605 TISites of D-[3H]aspartate accumulation in mouse cerebellar slices. ABSlices of mouse cerebellar vermis, cut in the parasagittal plane, were incubated for various times (up to 3 h) in the presence of 1 microM D-[3H]aspartate, a non-metabolized substrate for the glutamate/aspartate carrier in brain tissue. Light microscopic autoradiography indicated that in regions away from the cut edges of the slices the amino acid accumulated in glia and granule cells. Relatively few grains were seen over Purkinje, Golgi, stellate and basket cells or over white matter. Grain counts over the granule cell layers in the middle parts of the slices indicated that after short (15 min) exposures to the labelled substrate, non-granule cell areas (which included glia) contained, on average, slightly more grains than granule cells but with longer exposures (1.5 and 3 h) the relative grain density over granule cells became much higher, possibly because glial uptake prevents D-[3H]aspartate gaining access to neuronal sites in adequate amounts during short incubations and/or because the longer incubations allow time for retrograde migration of the label from parallel fibre terminals to occur. The demonstration of selective uptake of D-[3H]aspartate into granule cells contrasts with previous autoradiographic results (possible reasons for which are discussed) and supports the notion that L-glutamate is the transmitter of granule cells. The results also have a bearing on the importance of the metabolic compartmentation of glutamate in relation to its proposed transmitter role. AUGarthwaite G; Garthwaite J EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p129-36 MJAspartic Acid; Cerebellum MNAutoradiography; Mice; Neuroglia /ME; Purkinje Cells /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.1.- (Protein Kinase C); 0 (phosphoprotein F1) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001606 TIA selective increase in phosporylation of protein F1, a protein kinase C substrate, directly related to three day growth of long term synaptic enhancement. ABIncreased in vitro phosphorylation of the 47 kdalton, 4.5 pI protein F1 was observed in dorsal hippocampal tissue from animals exhibiting long term enhancement (LTE) three days after high frequency stimulation of the perforant pathway, as compared to tissue from low frequency stimulated controls or from unoperated animals. The increase in protein F1 phosphorylation was related to LTE rather than simple activation of perforant path-dentate gyrus synapses. This is the first report of a change in brain protein phosphorylation accompanying synaptic enhancement lasting days. The extent of growth of LTE over the three days following stimulation was directly related (r = +0.66, P less than 0.05) to protein F1 phosphorylation. Among the phosphoproteins studied this relationship between LTE and phosphorylation was selective for protein F1. This suggests that protein F1 may regulate growth of synaptic plasticity for at least a three day period. The mechanism for the LTE-related increase in protein F1 phosphorylation has not been established. However, recent evidence from this laboratory indicates: that protein F1 is phosphorylated by the calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C; and that kinase C is activated 1 h after LTE. Therefore, the increase in protein F1 phosphorylation following LTE may result from long term activation of protein C kinase. AULovinger DM; Akers RF; Nelson RB; Barnes CA; McNaughton BL; Routtenberg A EM8601 IDMH25281; AG03376; DA 05254 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p137-43 MJHippocampus; Membrane Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Phosphoproteins MNElectric Stimulation; Neural Pathways /PH; Neural Transmission; Phosphorylation; Protein Kinase C /ME; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats; Synapses /PH MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001607 TIA method for anterograde axonal tracing of chemically specified circuits in the central nervous system: combined Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) tract tracing and immunohistochemistry. ABA method is described for combining anterograde axonal tract tracing using concurrent double immunohistochemical localization of axonally transported Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) and endogenous neural antigens. With this technique, some projections of the substantia nigra and the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus are examined to demonstrate advantages offered by this approach for tracing chemically specified circuits in the central nervous system. AUGerfen CR; Sawchenko PE EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p144-50 MJCentral Nervous System; Neuroanatomy; Phytohemagglutinins MNAntigens; Central Nervous System /IM; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Neural Pathways /AH; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus /AH; Rats; Substantia Nigra /AH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (dopamine-D2 receptor); 57-85-2 (Testosterone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001608 TIChanges in hypothalamic dopamine D-2 receptors during sexual maturation in male and female rats. ABWe have examined variations in hypothalamic dopamine D-2 receptor levels occurring during sexual maturation in male and female rats, using a [3H]domperidone radioligand binding assay. A major decrease in D-2 receptor levels was observed during sexual development, and was accompanied by the appearance of a sexual dimorphism in receptor levels, which appeared to be the result of neonatal sexual differentiation. These changes may be linked with the alterations in hormone levels which occur during sexual maturation. AUHerdon HJ; Wilson CA EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p151-3 MJHypothalamus; Receptors, Dopamine; Sex Maturation MNAnimals, Newborn /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sex Characteristics; Sex Differentiation; Sex Hormones /PH; Testosterone /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.3. (Phosphomonoesterases); EC 3.1.3.41 (Nitrophenyl Phosphatase); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium); 630-60-4 (Ouabain); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001609 TIUltracytochemical localization of ouabain-sensitive K+-dependent, p-nitrophenyl phosphatase in myelin. ABOuabain-sensitive, K+-dependent p-nitrophenyl phosphatase (K-NPPase) activity was demonstrated ultracytochemically in the myelin of nerve fibers in peripheral and central white matter. Enzyme activity was more prominent in paranodal than compact myelin, and it was absent from nodal and interparanodal axolemma. Since K-NPPase is part of the Na-KATPase complex, we consider myelin as an important site of the sodium pump and believe that myelin participates in cationic regulation of the nervous tissue. AUMrsulja BJ; Zalewski AA; Coping G EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p154-8 MJMyelin Sheath; Nitrophenyl Phosphatase; Phosphomonoesterases MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /ME; Histocytochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Ouabain /PD; Potassium /PD; Ranvier's Nodes /EN; Rats MTAnimal IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001610 TIThe identification of thalamocortical axon terminals in barrels of mouse Sml cortex using immunohistochemistry of anterogradely transported lectin (Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin). ABThe anterograde transport and immunohistochemical demonstration of the lectin, Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) has been used to label thalamocortical axon terminals in barrels of mouse SmI cortex. The reaction product is visible with both the light and electron microscopes so that the distribution of axons and the types of synapses they form can be determined. AUKeller A; White EL; Cipolloni PB EM8601 IDNS 20149-02 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p159-65 MJSomatosensory Cortex; Thalamic Nuclei MNAfferent Pathways /AH; Face /IR; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Phytohemagglutinins; Somatosensory Cortex /UL; Synapses /UL; Vibrissae MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 50-22-6 (Corticosterone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001611 TISexual dimorphism of glucocorticoid binding in rat brain. ABGlucocorticoids bind with high affinity to intracellular receptors located in high density within discrete regions of the rodent and primate brain. The binding of [3H]corticosterone was compared in the brains of male vs female rats. The number and affinity of cytosol receptors in the hippocampus and hypothalamus were examined in vitro. The cytosolic binding capacity of the hippocampus is greater in the female than in the male. This difference in binding capacity is not dependent on the presence of gonadal steroids: the effect of gonadectomy was not significant for either sex. The difference is not due to transcortin since the binding capacity of [3H]dexamethasone is also greater in the female hippocampus. Receptor affinity in the female hippocampus is half that of the male value. In the hypothalamus, the dimorphism is in the opposite direction: the number of [3H]corticosterone cytosolic binding sites was found to be greater in the male. The male hypothalamus also showed a greater affinity for [3H]corticosterone than did the female. Ovariectomy increased the number of binding sites in the female hypothalamus. In vivo nuclear uptake of a tracer dose of [3H]corticosterone was determined in animals having intact gonads. The percent of tissue [3H]corticosterone present in cell nuclei from 4 brain regions, including the hippocampus and hypothalamus, was calculated per unit DNA. The concentrations of [3H]corticosterone in nuclei relative to tissue homogenates were higher in females than males for the 4 brain regions, but not for the pituitary or liver. The data are interpreted as suggesting that glucocorticoid secretion under basal conditions and during stress may differentially effect specific brain structures in male vs female rats. AUTurner BB; Weaver DA EM8601 ID2-S07-RR-07095-14 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p16-23 MJBrain; Corticosterone; Dexamethasone MNAmygdaloid Body /ME; Cerebral Cortex /ME; Hippocampus /ME; Hypothalamus, Middle /ME; Preoptic Area /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sex Characteristics MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.14.16.2 (Tyrosine Hydroxylase); EC 4.1.1.15 (Glutamate Decarboxylase); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001612 TICoexistence of immunoreactivities for glutamate decarboxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase in some neurons in the periglomerular region of the rat main olfactory bulb: possible coexistence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine. ABThe coexistence of immunoreactivities for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was revealed in some neurons in the periglomerular region and in the superficial part of the external plexiform layer of the rat main olfactory bulb. In neurons showing the immunoreactivity for either GAD or TH, about 10-55% showed both immunoreactivities. AUKosaka T; Hataguchi Y; Hama K; Nagatsu I; WU JY EM8601 IDNS-13224 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p166-71 MJDopamine; GABA; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Olfactory Bulb /EN; Tyrosine Hydroxylase MNImmunoenzyme Technics; Olfactory Bulb /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN53027-55-7 (adipokinetic hormone (locust) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001613 TIAn antiserum to locust adipokinetic hormone reveals a novel peptidergic system in the rat central nervous system. ABUsing an antiserum to locust adipokinetic hormone I, a novel peptidergic system was identified in the rat central nervous system. Immunoreactive fibers were present in the hypothalamic median eminence and periventricular nucleus and the spinal cord dorsal horn, intermediolateral cell column and sacral parasympathetic nucleus. Immunoreactive cells were present in the dorsal gray commissure of lumbosacral spinal cord, the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus and cerebral cortex. AUSasek CA; Schueler PA; Herman WS; Elde RP EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p172-5 MJAntigenic Determinants; Central Nervous System; Insect Hormones; Neuroregulators; Peptides MNCentral Nervous System /ME; Peptides /ME; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001614 TIMyotrophic effects on denervation atrophy of hindlimb muscles of mice with systemic administration of nerve extract. ABAtrophy was assessed in denervated hindlimb muscles of adult mice which either were not otherwise treated or received daily intraperitoneal injections of extract of rats' sciatic nerves. After 7 days, the denervated muscles of injected animals exhibited significantly smaller decreases in wet weight, total protein and cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers relative to innervated contralateral control muscles. The effects of denervation and nerve extract on different muscles varied. AUDavis HL EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p176-9 MJMuscular Atrophy /PC; Peripheral Nerves; Tissue Extracts MNMice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Muscle Denervation /AE; Muscular Atrophy /ET; Organ Specificity MTAnimal; Male RN501-75-7 (tele-methylhistamine); 51-45-6 (Histamine); 555-57-7 (Pargyline) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001615 TIDecrease in histamine turnover in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats. ABHistamine (HA) turnover rate in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was determined by the accumulation of telemethylhistamine after pargyline treatment. The values in these SHR were lower than in the Wistar Kyoto rats, particularly in the hypothalamus and brainstem. However, chronic treatment with L-histidine had no effect on the development of hypertension in the SHR. The functional significance of the decreased HA turnover in SHR is discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of hypertension. AUOishi R; Itoh Y; Nishibori M; Saeki K EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p180-3 MJBrain; Histamine MNAge Factors; Brain Stem /ME; Hypothalamus /ME; Methylhistamines /AN; Pargyline /PD; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats; Telencephalon /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001616 TIBanding of rubro-olivary terminations in the principal inferior olivary nucleus of the chimpanzee. ABAn electrolytic lesion centered just dorsal to, and grazing the superior surface of, the rostral red nucleus (RNr) was produced stereotactically in a single chimpanzee. Perikarya of the ipsilateral RNr exhibited retrograde cell changes, demonstrating interruption of its efferent fibers. The degenerated rubro-olivary tract was followed in silver impregnated material to the ipsilateral compact part of the pedunculopontine nucleus, pontine reticular formation and inferior olivary complex. Within the inferior olivary complex, terminations were banded and restricted to the principal subnucleus. AUStrominger NL; Nelson LR; Strominger RN EM8601 IDNS 12208 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p185-7 MJChimpansee troglodytes; Olivary Nucleus; Red Nucleus MNNeural Pathways /AH MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001617 TINorepinephrine stimulates serotonin secretion from rat pineal glands, in vitro. ABThe purpose of this study was to determine if serotonin (5-HT) is secreted by the pineal gland and also to define the parameters of its secretion. After radiolabelling the endogenous 5-HT pool, individual pineal glands were placed within perifusion chambers and stimulated with norepinephrine (NE). [3H]5-HT was rapidly released within 1 min of stimulation and secretion continued throughout the period of exposure to NE. The findings suggest that 5-HT, in addition to melatonin, is a hormone of the pineal gland. AUWalker RF; Aloyo VJ EM8601 IDRO1 AG02867 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p188-9 MJNorepinephrine; Pineal Body; Serotonin MNRats; Stimulation, Chemical MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001618 TIModulation of dopamine receptor supersensitivity by chronic insulin: implication in schizophrenia. ABHaloperidol-induced increases in the number of dopamine receptors, as measured by [3H]spiperone binding to striatal membranes, do not occur in rats repeatedly treated with insulin in doses eliciting pronounced hypoglycemia. Given alone, however, insulin has no effect on [3H]spiperone binding in normal rats. These findings demonstrate a modulating effect of insulin on brain dopamine receptor sensitization. This effect might be relevant to the mechanism of insulin coma therapy in schizophrenia and is consistent with and supports the dopaminergic hypothesis of this disorder. AULozovsky DB; Kopin IJ; Saller CF EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p190-3 MJCorpus Striatum; Insulin; Receptors, Dopamine; Schizophrenia MNConvulsive Therapy; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Schizophrenia /TH MTAnimal; Human; Male RNEC 1. (Oxidoreductases); EC 3.1.1.3 (Lipase); 9005-79-2 (Glycogen) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001619 TIA metabolic profile of the rat caudate microvasculature: a histochemical study. ABArterioles of the rat caudate nucleus were examined histochemically to determine their metabolic profile. These microvessels appear capable of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism with a potential for nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Little intramural lipid storage occurs and any fatty acids utilized are provided via the blood supply. Likewise, glycogen is not seen in the arteriolar wall and may be rapidly turned over as a substrate for anaerobic metabolism. AUCannon MS; Kapes ED; Trulson ME EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p194-7 MJCaudate Nucleus MNGlycogen /ME; Histocytochemistry; Lipase /ME; Lipids /ME; Microcirculation /ME; Oxidoreductases /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001620 TIDevelopmental and regional differences in the localization of Na,K-ATPase activity in the rabbit hippocampus. ABRegional differences in Na,K-ATPase activity, and development of Na,K-ATPase activity were examined in rabbit hippocampus using a histochemical marker of enzyme activity. Stratum lucidum of CA3/CA2, corresponding to the mossy fiber terminal field, showed high Na,K-ATPase activity compared to stratum radiatum of CA1. A significant increase in Na,K-ATPase activity was found between 8 and 15 days postnatal. Tissues with limited Na,K-ATPase activity (immature hippocampus, the mature CA1 region) appear particularly prone to seizure-like abnormalities, perhaps reflecting an inability to regulate extracellular potassium. AUHaglund MM; Stahl WL; Kunkel DD; Schwartzkroin PA EM8601 IDNS 17111; NS 15317; GM 07266 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p198-203 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium; Hippocampus MNHistocytochemistry; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001621 TIProperties of visual cue responses in primate precentral cortex. ABMonkeys were trained to perform a visuomotor task involving the alignment of a cursor over a vertical target line on a videomonitor by flexion or extension movements of the wrist. The forelimb area of the contralateral precentral cortex was thoroughly explored during the task. Intracortical microstimulation was employed to classify the forelimb region into wrist flexion--extension and non-wrist flexion--extension populations. Unit recording revealed an initial response to the cue for movement, viz. the appearance of the cursor and target line on the videomonitor, while visual signals not related to the task failed to evoke any response. The mean latency of these visual cue responses was approximately 150 ms. A great majority of the responses (96%) were bidirectional in character, in that they did not correlate with the directional information embedded in the visual cue, nor were they good predictors for the direction or timing of the subsequent movement. They were uniformly distributed in both the wrist and non-wrist regions of the forelimb area; the non-forelimb areas were devoid of the cue response. Further, when the variability of response to the visual cue for the wrist and non-wrist populations was compared, no significant difference was observed. These observations are consistent with an interpretation that the visually triggered cue responses provide a generalized activation over the task-related area of precentral cortex, paving the way for later and more specific activations leading to the execution of the task. AUKwan HC; MacKay WA; Murphy JT; Wong YC EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p24-35 MJMotor Cortex; Psychomotor Performance; Visual Perception MNAnthropoidea; Brain Mapping; Cues; Electromyography; Reaction Time /PH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.- (Phospholipases); 128-53-0 (Ethylmaleimide); 144-48-9 (Iodoacetamide); 554-77-8 (Chloromercuriphenylsulfonate); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001622 TIConformational changes of opioid receptor induced by the electric footshock. ABThe present electric shock (ES) schedule followed in these experiments produced different functional changes in endogenous putative opioid agonist- and antagonist-type receptors, depending on the type of receptor: the amount of antagonist binding was increased by ES application, while the amount of agonist binding was decreased. In order to elucidate the mechanism of these changes, we investigated whether ES application was able to affect sulfhydryl-groups and phospholipids of endogenous opioid receptors. In comparison to the control membrane, the increased antagonist binding sites of the ES membrane were liable to be inactivated by the sulfhydryl-modifying reagents, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and iodoacetamide. However, in the presence of 100 mM Na, the antagonist binding sites of both the control and ES membranes were inactivated by NEM in the same manner. On the other hand, the agonist binding sites of both membranes were similarly inactivated by NEM regardless of the absence or presence of 100 mM Na. Another sulfhydryl-modifying reagent, such as p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid, did not produce any difference between the control and ES membranes. The increased antagonist binding sites of the ES membrane were also liable to be inactivated by phospholipase A2. These results suggest that the present ES schedule followed in these experiments produces conformational changes in endogenous opioid receptors in the rat brain. As a result of these conformational changes, the amount of binding in the antagonist sites may be increased, while the amount of binding in the agonist sites may be decreased. However, the increased antagonist binding sites may be liable to be inactivated by NEM, iodoacetamide and phospholipase A2. AUNabeshima T; Matsuno K; Kameyama T EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p36-43 MJBrain; Receptors, Endorphin; Stress MNChloromercuriphenylsulfonate /PD; Electroshock; Ethylmaleimide /PD; Iodoacetamide /PD; Molecular Conformation; Phospholipases /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sodium /PD MTAnimal; Male RN54-31-9 (Furosemide); 630-60-4 (Ouabain); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride); 7732-18-5 (Water) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001623 TICarrier-mediated KCl accumulation accompanied by water movements is involved in the control of physiological K+ levels by astrocytes. ABPotassium accumulation and water transport into mouse astrocytes in primary cultures were investigated when external potassium was increased from 3 to 12 mM. The intracellular potassium content increased by 63% within 50 s of such a change. The increase consisted of a ouabain- and furosemide-sensitive component, both contributing in about the same amounts. Experiments with altered ion composition revealed that the furosemide-sensitive component consisted of a KCl accumulation. Water moved into the astrocytes without delay after such an external K+ increase and increased the cell water by 27%. This water increase was abolished in solutions with reduced Cl- and during application of furosemide. Thus, these results on a KCl uptake accompanied by water movements into astrocytes suggest a potential mechanism by which glial cells in situ can regulate external K+ levels. AUWalz W; Hinks EC EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p44-51 MJAstrocytes; Carrier Proteins; Potassium Chloride; Water MNAnimals, Newborn; Cell Membrane Permeability /DE; Cells, Cultured; Furosemide /PD; Mice; Ouabain /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1. (Oxidoreductases) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001624 TIDifferences in some of the metabolic properties of mitochondria isolated from cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb of the rat. ABThe metabolic properties of mitochondria from rat cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb were investigated. The pyruvate-supported oxygen uptake rates by olfactory bulb mitochondria were significantly lower than those by cerebrocortical mitochondria. This is consistent with the differences in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activities between these mitochondrial preparations. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase, and hexokinase activities in olfactory bulb mitochondria were significantly lower than those in cerebrocortical mitochondria. However, NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase, and NAD-linked and NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase activities in olfactory bulb mitochondria were significantly higher than those in cerebrocortical mitochondria. The differences between these two mitochondrial preparations in terms of the activities of these energy-metabolizing enzymes reflect the differences detected in the homogenates of these regions. AULai JC; Sheu KF; Carlson KC Jr EM8601 IDNS 16994; NS 15125; AAO 3883 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p52-9 MJCerebral Cortex /ME; Mitochondria; Olfactory Bulb /ME MNCell Fractionation; Cerebral Cortex /EN /UL; Olfactory Bulb /EN /UL; Oxidoreductases /ME; Oxygen Consumption; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001626 TIResidual benzodiazepine (BZ) binding in the cortex of pcd mutant cerebella and qualitative BZ binding in the deep cerebellar nuclei of control and mutant mice: an autoradiographic study. ABIn mutant mice 'Purkinje cell degeneration' (pcd), there is an almost complete degeneration of Purkinje cells followed subsequently by a partial degeneration of granule cells. Recent neurochemical studies have revealed a 50% decrease in benzodiazepine (BZ) receptors in 45-day-old pcd mutants after degeneration of the Purkinje cells. At 300 days there is an 80% decrease in BZ receptors concomitant with granule cell losses. To determine the histological localization of these receptor changes this autoradiographic analysis was conducted. An in vitro autoradiographic technique was used to explore [3H]flunitrazepam binding. BZ receptors were found to be more concentrated in the molecular than the granular layer of mutant and control cerebellar cortices. There was, nonetheless, no statistically significant difference in grain counts between control and mutant mice in any layer. Substantial atrophy of cerebellar structures, particularly of the molecular layer, occurred in the mutant mice. It began even before 45 days of age but was extreme at 300 days. When the appropriate mathematical correction factor was introduced for the layer atrophy there was a 60% decrease in grain count in 45-day-old mutants in the molecular layer and a 84% decrease in 300-day-old mutants compared to controls. The initial decrease in total BZ receptors in the 45-day-old mutant animals is associated with a selective loss of Purkinje cells. The amount of receptor binding which persists in the 300-day-old mutants in the molecular layer would appear to reflect binding in the remaining parallel fibers from granule cells which remain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUVaccarino FM; Ghetti B; Nurnberger JI Sr EM8601 ID2R01 NS 14426-04 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p70-8 MJCerebellum; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine MNAutoradiography; Cerebellar Cortex /AN; Cerebellar Nuclei /AN; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Neurologic Mutants; Mice; Purkinje Cells /AN MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001627 TIThe effect of light on the spread of signals through the rod network of the salamander retina. ABAdjacent rods in the amphibian retina are electrically coupled to each other by gap junctions. By injecting current pulses into one rod and recording the voltage change produced in nearby rods, we have studied the extent to which signals spread between rods in the presence and absence of illumination. Light has little effect on the steady potentials produced in nearby rods by the injection of a hyperpolarizing current, but does affect the propagation of transient signals through the rod network. The responses to injection of depolarizing current are increased by light. These effects of light were mimicked by hyperpolarizing the rod network (non-uniformly) by injecting continuous current (on top of which current pulses were superimposed to monitor signal spread). This suggests that the effects of light are due solely to the rod hyperpolarization produced by light. The effects of light are not completely predicted from computer simulations based on a previous characterization of the properties of isolated rods; these experiments thus reveal an inadequacy in the description of the rod membrane currents in that model. Light-induced hyperpolarization of cones has no effect on signal spread between rods. The functional significance of these results is discussed. AUAttwell D; Wilson M; Wu SM EM8601 IDEY00561; EY04112; EY04446 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p79-88 MJLight; Rods and Cones; Vision MNAmbystoma mexicanum; Ambystoma; Membrane Potentials /RE; Neural Transmission /RE; Rods and Cones /RE MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001628 TIAltered local cerebral glucose utilization by unilateral frontal cortical ablations in rats. ABAlterations in local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) following ablations of the unilateral frontal cortex in rats were studied to elucidate the effect of the lesion on the functional activity in the related cerebral structures. Frontal cortical ablations (areas 2, 4, 6 and 10) were made by aspiration on the left side, and LCGU was evaluated at 7 days after the operation, using the [14C]deoxyglucose method. Significant decreases in LCGU in rats with unilateral frontal cortical ablations, were observed in the ipsilateral thalamic nuclei (ventroanterior-ventrolateral (VAL), ventrobasal (VB), reticular), red nucleus and pontine nucleus. The ipsilateral globus pallidus showed a significant LCGU increase. The contralateral cerebellar cortex showed a tendency toward a decrease in LCGU. The striatum, which receives direct projections from the frontal cortex, showed no LCGU change. These results indicated that ablations of unilateral frontal cortex in rats produced LCGU changes in the cerebral structures which have direct or indirect neuronal connections with the ablated area. These LCGU changes were, for the most part, brought about by alteration in the neuronal activity. Particularly, the LCGU increase in the globus pallidus which receives transsynaptic neuronal input from the frontal cortex, without changes in the striatum, which receives direct projection, was attributed to the functional alteration of the globus pallidus produced by the cortical ablation. Destructive lesion of a cerebral structure, therefore, does not necessarily cause functional depressions in the pertinent structures, but it may enhance the function of some structures, depending on the functional characteristics of each neuronal connection and functional organization of those structures. AUHosokawa S; Kato M; Aiko Y; Shima F EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p8-15 MJBrain; Frontal Lobe; Glucose MNAutoradiography; Glutamates /PH; Neural Transmission; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001629 TIPulmonary edema and death induced by sinoaortic denervation in fastigial nucleus-lesioned rats. ABWhen adult male rats with lesions of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus were subjected to sinoaortic denervation and instrumented for aortic pressure recording, their elevated mean arterial pressure was found to rise no higher than that of rats with sinoaortic denervation alone; however all of the doubly operated rats died or became moribund within 4 days. Pulmonary edema and gastric ulcers were frequently seen. When the order of operations was reversed, all animals survived. The possible mechanism and involvement of other brain nuclei, catecholamines and vasopressin in these pathological changes is discussed. AUHaun CK; Alexander N EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p89-94 MJBlood Pressure; Cerebellar Nuclei; Pressoreceptors; Pulmonary Edema MNAorta /IR; Brain Mapping; Carotid Sinus /PP; Movement; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Stomach Ulcer /PP MTAnimal; Male RN102-32-9 (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid); 2380-78-1 (3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylethanol); 306-08-1 (Homovanillic Acid); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001630 TIIn vivo analysis of dopamine and its metabolites in the caudate nucleus during euthermia and hibernation. ABGolden-mantled ground squirrels (Citellus lateralis) were chronically implanted with a unilateral push-pull cannula in the caudate nucleus. Perfusates obtained in these unanesthetized, unrestrained animals during the euthermic (non-hibernating) and hibernating states were analyzed for dopamine (DA) and its metabolites (homovanillic acid (HVA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethanol (MOPET) using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The data revealed clear differences in the performance of the caudate DA system in the two states. During the euthermic state, DA metabolism was indicative of a constant and high turnover rate. Free DA was not detectable in the majority of samples, HVA was detected at consistently high levels, and DOPAC and conjugated DA were present at low levels. By contrast, DA metabolism was sharply altered during hibernation. Free DA was present at high concentrations and HVA concentrations were low. DOPAC was not detected in any sample whereas MOPET was present in all samples. Conjugated DA was present at high concentrations during the second half of the hibernation bout. The shift in the post-release disposition of DA could enhance the stability of DA receptors (i.e. prevent supersensitivity) during the prolonged periods of reduced neural activity typical of hibernation. AUSalzman SK; Llados-Eckman C; Beckman AL EM8601 IDDA-02254 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p95-103 MJCaudate Nucleus; Dopamine; Hibernation MN3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid /AN; 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylethanol /AN; Caudate Nucleus /ME; Dopamine /ME; Homovanillic Acid /AN; Sciuridae MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001631 TIThe efferent vestibular neurons in the toad (Bufo bufo L.): their location and morphology. A horseradish peroxidase study. ABRetrogradely labeled neurons are observed in the central nervous system of the toad after peripheral application of peroxidase to the anterior and posterior stumps of the VIIIth nerve. These efferent vestibular neurons are localized in the brainstem only ipsilaterally to the treated nerve; they are restricted within a region close to the motor nucleus of the VIIth nerve, outside the vestibular nuclear complex, and are predominantly localized to the borders between the gray and white matter in an arrangement that seems to surround the motor nucleus of the VIIth nerve. No evidence was found for the existence of labeled Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and therefore of a cerebellolabyrinthine pathway. The efferent vestibular neurons are medium-sized cells with two prominent dendrites, often oriented in a mediolateral direction. A comparative analysis between these neurons and the contiguous motoneurons of the VIIth nerve permitted differentiation of the two groups of neurons as to: distribution in a mediolateral direction, distribution in depth from the brainstem surface, longitudinal extension in the caudorostral direction and morphologic characteristics and dendritic arrangement of the neurons. AUPellegrini M; Ceccotti F; Magherini P EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p1-8 MJBrain Stem; Vestibular Apparatus; Vestibular Nerve; Vestibular Nuclei MNBufo Bufo; Efferent Pathways /AH; Facial Nerve /AH; Motor Neurons; Purkinje Cells MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN333-36-8 (Flurothyl); 54-95-5 (Pentylenetetrazole) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001632 TIUnidirectional interaction between flurothyl seizures and amygdala kindling. ABIn this report, the interaction between flurothyl convulsions and electrical kindling of the amygdala was investigated. Three flurothyl convulsions decreased the afterdischarge threshold of the amygdala and enhanced the rate of development of electrical kindling without affecting the intensity of postictal refractoriness. On the other hand, 3 generalized kindled convulsions did not alter the flurothyl convulsive threshold. The data suggest that the influence of generalized convulsions on future seizure susceptibility may depend on the agents used to induce the convulsions. AUOkada R; Moshe SL ; Ono K; Albala BJ EM8601 IDNS 20253; NS 00042 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p103-8 MJAmygdaloid Body; Convulsions; Flurothyl; Kindling (Neurology) MNConvulsions /PP; Disease Susceptibility; Electric Stimulation; Pentylenetetrazole; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN66-81-9 (Cycloheximide) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001633 TIProtein synthesis requirement for the formation of synaptic elements. ABThe formation of synapses in cell cultures of rat cerebellum was examined in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. First, cell survival in the presence of 25 micrograms/ml cycloheximide was determined by phase contrast microscopy, trypan blue exclusion, total protein and uptake of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Neurons with 24 h incubation in cycloheximide appeared normal with little cell death, but by 48 h incubation the first signs of cell death were found. Some viable neurons were still found in cultures incubated continuously in cycloheximide for 72 h. Normally, the number of synapses seen in cerebellar cultures with the electron microscope shows an increase during the first several weeks in culture. However, the number of synapses in cultures treated with cycloheximide decreased, indicating that inhibition of protein synthesis at least partially inhibited synaptogenesis. Cycloheximide also inhibited the maintenance of synapses already formed as seen by the decrease in the number of synapses from the time the cycloheximide was added. To determine the sensitivity of the forming presynaptic element to cycloheximide, the development of apparent presynaptic elements was investigated. In cultures treated with polylysine-coated sepharose beads, neurites grew and formed apparent presynaptic elements with the bead taking the position of the postsynaptic element. Cultures pretreated with cycloheximide for 1 h followed by 24 h incubation with both cycloheximide and coated beads showed a normal number of apparent presynaptic elements. The first decrease in numbers was seen after 12 h preincubation and 12 h incubation with both cycloheximide and coated beads. Even after 72 h continuous incubation some apparent presynaptic elements could be formed although at reduced levels. Results presented here suggest that continuous protein synthesis is not necessary for the formation of the presynaptic element, but that active protein synthesis is required for neurons to form and maintain postsynaptic elements. AUBurry RW EM8601 IDNS-15894; NS-19961; NS-10165 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p109-19 MJCerebellum; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Synapses /PH MNCell Survival /DE; Cycloheximide /PD; Rats; Synapses /DE; Tissue Culture MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN113-79-1 (Argipressin); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001634 TIMonoamine-induced responses in lateral septal neurons: influence of iontophoretically applied vasopressin. ABWe examined the effect of iontophoretically applied noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) on the spontaneous activity of lateral septal neurons in rats and subsequently investigated if the observed responses to these monoamines were altered in the presence of arginine8-vasopressin (AVP). NA, DA and 5-HT induced a depression of the spontaneous activity in 70% of the spontaneously active neurons on which they were tested. Of the remaining neurons the majority was not affected by the monoamines. The responding cells differed from the non-responding cells in their localization in those parts of the lateral septum where dense monoamine-containing terminal networks have been visualized and in their significantly lower spontaneous activity. The effect of AVP on monoamine-induced responses was tested in neurons in which the spontaneous activity was not affected by the peptide itself. It appeared that in about 30% of these neurons, monoamine-induced inhibitions were reduced in presence of the peptide whereas in the majority of the neurons responses to the monoamines were not markedly altered by AVP. In contrast to this rather low occurrence of a clear AVP-effect on the monoamine responses, the peptide enhanced excitatory responses to glutamate in more than 75% of neurons tested during the same experiments. It was concluded that under these experimental conditions the effect of AVP on excitatory amino acid neurotransmission is more pronounced than on responses to putative monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the lateral septum. AUJoels M ; Urban IJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p120-6 MJArgipressin; Biogenic Amines; Septum Pellucidum MNDopamine /PD; Drug Interactions; Glutamates /PD; Iontophoresis; Neural Transmission /DE; Norepinephrine /PD; Rats; Serotonin /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN135-07-9 (Methyclothiazide); 50-55-5 (Reserpine); 86-54-4 (Hydralazine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001635 TISpecific increase of hypothalamic alpha 1-adrenoceptors in spontaneously hypertensive rats: effect of hypotensive drug treatment. ABTo study potential central adrenoceptor alterations in the hypertension, we have determined alpha 1, alpha 2 and beta-adrenoceptors using [3H]WB4101, [3H]yohimbine and [3H]DHA in the brain regions of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) and renal hypertensive rats. There was a significant increase in specific [3H]WB4101 binding only in the hypothalamus of SHR and SHRSP at 16-24 weeks of age compared to that of age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Scatchard analysis revealed a 28-33% increase in the Bmax value for hypothalamic [3H]WB4101 binding without a change in the Kd value, suggesting a change in the receptor density. An increased density of alpha 1-adrenoceptors was consistently observed in the prehypertensive (5 weeks) and developmental (10 weeks) stages of spontaneous hypertension. In contrast, there was no alpha 1-adrenoceptor alteration in the hypothalamus of rats with renal hypertension. The receptor alteration in the SHRSP hypothalamus was not abolished by a chronic hypotensive treatment which prevented the development of hypertension, thereby suggesting that an increased density of the alpha 1-adrenoceptors in spontaneous hypertension does not occur secondarily to the elevation of blood pressure. The SHRSP hypothalamus showed significantly lowered levels of noradrenaline. There was no change in specific binding of [3H]yohimbine and [3H]DHA in the brain regions of SHRSP, except the brainstem which showed a significant decrease in the [3H]yohimbine binding. Thus, the present study suggests an important role for hypothalamic alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the pathogenesis of spontaneous hypertension. AUYamada S; Ishima T; Ashizawa N; Hayashi M; Tomita T; Hayashi E EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p127-33 MJBrain Chemistry; Hypertension /ME; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha MNHydralazine /TU; Hypertension /ET /PC; Methyclothiazide /TU; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats; Reserpine /TU MTAnimal; Male RN51-34-3 (Scopolamine); 70-22-4 (Oxotremorine); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001636 TISpontaneous muscarinic suppression of the Ca-activated K-current in bullfrog sympathetic neurons. ABNeurons in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia were voltage-clamped using a single microelectrode. A prolonged outward current which was identified as the Ca-activated K-current secondary to a transient Ca entry through voltage-operated channels was shortened by oxotremorine. An inward Ca-current was not significantly depressed by oxotremorine. It was suggested that muscarinic agonists accelerate the re-closure of K-channels either directly or secondarily via their effects on an intracellular sequestration process of Ca ions. It was also suggested that a small amount of acetylcholine only sufficient to cause a miniature synaptic current via nicotinic receptors could shorten the Ca-activated K-current via muscarinic receptors. AUTokimasa T EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p134-41 MJCalcium; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Ion Channels; Potassium; Receptors, Muscarinic MNCell Membrane Permeability; Membrane Potentials; Oxotremorine /PD; Rana Catesbeiana; Scopolamine /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (delta receptor); 42084-81-1 (1-(1-(2-thienyl); 77-10-1 (Phencyclidine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001637 TIQuantitative localization of [3H]TCP binding in rat brain by light microscopy autoradiography. ABThe anatomical localization of phencyclidine (PCP)/sigma-opiate receptors in rat brain was determined by quantitative light microscopy autoradiography using the new ligand N-(1-[2-thienyl]cyclohexyl) [3H]piperidine ([3H]TCP). TCP is a potent analog of PCP which possesses a higher affinity for PCP/sigma-opiate receptor than does PCP itself. The highest level of [3H]TCP binding was detected in the hippocampus. Intermediate levels were found in frontal cortex, striatum, amygdala and cerebellum. Specific [3H]TCP binding was undetectable in anterior commissure and corpus callosum. The distribution pattern of [3H]TCP binding sites is similar to the pattern obtained with [3H]PCP but more sharply defined. On the basis of its greater potency and specificity, [3H]TCP may prove superior to [3H]PCP as a molecular probe for the study of brain sigma opiate/phencyclidine receptors. AUSircar R; Zukin SR EM8601 IDDA-03383; MH14627-09 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p142-5 MJBrain; Phencyclidine; Receptors, Endorphin MNAutoradiography; Phencyclidine /ME; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001638 TICircannual variations of GABA content in cytosolic and crude synaptosomal fractions in some brain areas of the European hamster. ABIn the European hamster, Cricetus cricetus, a common hibernator, over a year, the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content has been followed, in the cytosolic and crude synaptosomal fractions of the olfactory bulbs, hypothalamus and cerebellum. In these 3 areas, the GABA content shows circannual variations of endogenous origin: in this period, in both fractions two peaks can be observed, at the beginning of spring and in autumn. These circannual variations do not follow the circannual variation of food intake or body weight. AUCiesielski L; Miro JL; Lorentz JG; Canguilhem B; Mandel P EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p146-9 MJBrain Chemistry; GABA; Periodicity MNCerebellum /AN; Cytosol /AN; Hamsters; Hibernation; Hypothalamus /AN; Olfactory Bulb /AN; Seasons; Synaptosomes /AN MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN61-82-5 (Amitrole); 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001639 TIOvershoot of oxygen pressure in post-hypoxic brain tissue: a re-evaluation. ABTissue oxygen pressure (ptO2) was measured with noble metal microelectrodes in hippocampal slices in vitro. During hypoxia, the ptO2 at 100 micron depth fell rapidly to less than 20 mm Hg. During reoxygenation, large transient ptO2 increases above normoxic values were observed. These data demonstrate that ptO2 'overshoots' occur independently of in situ posthypoxic hyperemia and may reflect pathologic chemical reactions in brain tissue during reoxygenation. AUSchiff SJ; Somjen GG EM8601 IDNS 18670 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p150-3 MJCerebral Anoxia; Hippocampus; Oxygen MNAmitrole /DU; Hydrogen Peroxide /ME; Partial Pressure; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001640 TIBehavioural responses to electrical stimulation of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius of the cat. ABElectrical stimulation of the region of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) significantly reduced both the lever-pressing rate for substantia nigra self-stimulation and the food-consumption in food-deprived cats. In a shuttle box the cats showed no tendency toward shuttling in response to NTS stimulations with randomly varied stimulus intensities. In contrast with these effects, stimulation to nucleus reticularis paramedianus yielded an aversive effect. AUAngyan L EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p154-7 MJBehavior, Animal; Medulla Oblongata MNAvoidance Learning /PH; Brain Mapping; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Feeding Behavior /PH; Reticular Formation /PH; Self Stimulation /PH; Substantia Nigra /PH MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN19216-56-9 (Prazosin); 31363-74-3 (5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine); 4205-90-7 (Clonidine); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 66711-21-5 (4-aminoclonidine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001641 TIRegulation of central alpha-adrenoceptors by serotoninergic denervation. ABAlpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors were assessed by binding studies using [3H]prazosin and [3H]p-aminoclonidine as ligands in membrane preparations from the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus of rats, 3 weeks after intracerebroventricular injection of the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Cortical alpha 1 and hippocampal alpha 2 adrenoceptors were significantly increased. Treatment also affected the affinity of cortical alpha 2 adrenoceptors. These results suggest a heterologous, region-specific regulation of both subtypes of central alpha-adrenergic receptors by serotonin. AURappaport A; Sturtz F; Guicheney P EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p158-61 MJBrain; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha; Serotonin MN5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine /PD; Cerebral Cortex /PH; Clonidine /AA /ME; Hippocampus /PH; Hypothalamus /PH; Prazosin /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001642 TI1H-NMR spectra of rat synaptic plasma membranes: effect of temperature and comparison with fluorescence polarization. AB1H-NMR spectra of rat synaptic plasma membranes obtained over the temperature range of 24-46 degrees C are presented. The data illustrate that a transition occurs from a more ordered to less ordered state at approximately 37 degrees C. This phenomenon was not related to using D2O as the solvent and was replicated, although with less sensitivity, using fluorescence polarization methodology. AUKreishman GP; Hitzemann RJ EM8601 IDMH-37377 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p162-6 MJBrain; Synaptic Membranes MNBiophysics; Fluorescence Polarization; Fourier Analysis; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Rats; Temperature MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001643 TISelective labeling of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B binding sites in bovine brain. ABDrug interactions with serotonin(1A) 5-HT1A and serotonin(1B) (5-HT1B) binding sites were analyzed in bovine brain membranes. 5-HT1A binding sites were directly labeled with [3H]8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) in bovine hippocampal membranes. 5-HT1B binding sites were labeled by [3H]5-HT in bovine striatal membranes where less than 15% of specific binding sites are sensitive to nanomolar concentrations of 8-OH-DPAT. Each of the 12 agents tested was more potent at the 5-HT1A than 5-HT1B binding site. 5-HT, bufotenine, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and quipazine were only slightly more potent at the 5-HT1A binding site. By contrast, 8-OH-DPAT, TVX Q 7821 and buspirone were significantly more potent at [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding sites in bovine hippocampus than at [3H]5-HT binding sites in bovine striatum. These findings suggest that 5-HT1A, and 5-HT1B binding sites have distinct pharmacological profiles and can be directly labeled with appropriate [3H]ligands in specific brain regions. AUPeroutka SJ EM8601 IDRR5353-23 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p167-71 MJBrain Chemistry; Receptors, Serotonin MNCattle; Corpus Striatum /AN; Hippocampus /AN; Ligands; Membranes /AN; Radioligand Assay MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-85-2 (Testosterone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001644 TILack of sexual dimorphism in steroid accumulation in vocal control brain regions of duetting song birds. ABTritiated testosterone was injected into bay wrens (Thryothorus nigricapillus), a neotropical species in which the female sings a complex song in intricately timed vocal duets with males. Autoradiographic analysis indicated that male and female wrens have the same proportion of cells labeled by testosterone or its metabolites in two brain regions involved in song: the caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum (HVc) and the magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (MAN). This contrasts with the zebra finch, a species in which only the males sing: a considerably greater proportion of male zebra finch cells in HVc and MAN are labeled than in females. This suggests that female birds that produce complex vocalizations have evolved neural song control systems that are extremely similar to those of males in steroid hormone sensitivity. AUBrenowitz EA; Arnold AP EM8601 IDNS 19645; NS07134-01; MH 15795-03 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p172-5 MJBirds; Brain; Testosterone; Vocalization, Animal MNAutoradiography; Sex Characteristics MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN124-87-8 (Picrotoxin); 56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001645 TIGABA activates different types of chloride-conducting receptor-ionophore complexes in a dose-dependent manner. ABWe report here evidence for 3 new subtypes (alpha 1, alpha 2 and beta) of type-A GABA receptor-channel complexes that conduct chloride ions. The chloride current, ICl, was isolated in the frog sensory neuron by a combination of voltage clamp and internal perfusion. Analysis of the variance of GABA-induced ICl fluctuations shows that the channel population N decreases exponentially with single-channel conductance gamma in such a way that alpha 2 less than alpha 1 less than beta for gamma and alpha 2 much greater than alpha 1 greater than beta for N, and that the population-rank plot fits Zipf's law. Various aspects of the GABA-induced ICl are understood from dose-dependent activation and inactivation of these functionally distinct receptor-channel types. The steady-state ICl is mediated by alpha 1 at low but by beta units at high GABA concentrations, and the pronounced ICl peak at intermediate and high doses reflects the desensitization of alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors, respectively. Picrotoxin blocks alpha 1 and alpha 2 and has no effect on beta channels. Patch-clamp recordings indicate two distinct classes of GABA-gated chloride conductances that appear to correspond to the alpha 1 and beta types. The presence of these different ICl components explains why the dose-response relationship cannot be fitted well by a single Hill equation; the fitting requires a synthesis of 3 suitable Hill equations. AUYasui S; Ishizuka S; Akaike N EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p176-80 MJChlorides; GABA; Ion Channels; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine /DE MNGanglia, Spinal /DE; Picrotoxin /PD; Rana Catesbeiana; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine /AN MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-81-7 (Ascorbic Acid); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001646 TIModulation of neostriatal activity by iontophoresis of ascorbic acid. ABIontophoresis (20-80 nA) of ascorbic acid (AA) accelerated the firing rate of approximately one-third of the neurons tested in the anteromedial neostriatum of anesthetized rats. When administered to neostriatal neurons that were activated by the simultaneous ejection of glutamic acid (GLU), AA excited more than two-thirds of the cells examined, including many that were not excited by AA alone. At ejection currents above 80 nA, AA further increased the activity of some GLU-activated neurons, but suppressed the firing rate of others. Electrochemical quantification of AA ejection during iontophoresis indicated that the concentration of AA at the tip of the recording electrode was within reasonable physiological limits. It is concluded that endogenous AA may modulate neuronal activity in the neostriatum. AUGardiner TW; Armstrong-James M; Caan AW; Wightman RM; Rebec GV EM8601 IDDA02451; NS15841 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p181-5 MJAscorbic Acid; Corpus Striatum MNDrug Synergism; Glutamates /PD; Iontophoresis; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001647 TIThe relationship between cortical electrical activity and regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate in rats exposed to 3 atmospheres absolute oxygen. ABThe regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRgl) was autoradiographically measured in conscious rats during 180-210 min of exposure to 3 atmospheres absolute oxygen (ATA O2), 3 ATA N2-O2 normoxia and air at 1 ATA. The exposure time and oxygen pressure in the present study were purposely matched to a parallel project in human subjects. The electrocorticogram (ECoG) was continuously recorded throughout the exposure. According to the ECoG responses, the oxygen-exposed rats fell into two categories: 'resistant' ones, those without changes in ECoG throughout the exposure; and 'sensitive' rats, those with changes in EcoG before or during the rCMRgl measurements. The observed ECoG changes were increased slow wave activity in the delta range, which was in some cases followed by paroxysmal electrical discharges. No changes in rCMRgl were observed in oxygen-exposed 'resistant' rats as compared to air breathing or N2-O2 normoxic rats at 3 ATA. However, in the 'sensitive' rats there were increases in rCMRgl in 8 of the 28 neuroanatomical structures examined as compared to the air breathing and 3 ATA normoxic controls. It is concluded that the increase in rCMRgl are related to the onset of the oxygen-induced preconvulsive changes in ECoG. AUTorbati D; Lambertsen CJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p186-90 MJBrain; Cerebral Cortex; Glucose; Oxygen MNConvulsions /ET /PP; Electroencephalography; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001651 TICat carotid bodies reinnervated by normal or foreign nerves. ABThe carotid body of the cat was reinnervated with either its native nerve, the carotid sinus nerve (CSN, re-anastomosis), or a foreign nerve, the lingual branch of the IXth cranial nerve (LN, cross-anastomosis). In both types of preparations, regenerating axons from the LN or CSN readily penetrated carotid body parenchymal tissue, as demonstrated by axoplasmic transport of radiolabeled material from the petrosal (sensory) ganglion. Electron microscopy revealed nearly normal fiber invasion into lobules of glomus (type I) and sustentacular (type II) cells following reinnervation by either the foreign or native nerve. However, while the regenerated CSN fibers formed a normal complement of specialized axon terminals in contact with type I cells, the incidence of such terminals in LN reinnervated carotid bodies was reduced by over 90% (2-19 months survival time). This low incidence of specialized LN endings was correlated with reductions in the magnitude of the chemosensory discharge elicited in these preparations by asphyxia, NaCN or acetylcholine. These data suggest that chemosensitivity depends upon intimate association between glomus cells and afferent nerve endings; and that the ability to form such contacts may reside in particular axons whose incidence is higher in the CSN than in the LN. AUDinger B; Stensaas LJ; Fidone SJ EM8601 IDNS12636; NS07938 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p21-32 MJCarotid Body; Glossopharyngeal Nerve MNAxoplasmic Flow; Carotid Body /UL; Cats; Lingual Nerve /PH; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Regeneration MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium); 1961-77-9 (Chlormadinone); 630-60-4 (Ouabain) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001652 TIEffects of mammalian brain extracts and chlormadinone acetate on neuronal Na+,K+-ATPase and electrogenic Na+,K+-pump activity in vitro. ABAcid-acetone extracts of brain (from beef and guinea pig) and chlormadinone acetate (CMA) were compared with ouabain for their ability to inhibit the electrogenic Na+,K+-pump and the Na+,K+-ATPase of neuronal tissues. The membrane potential of neurones in the paravertebral sympathetic ganglion of the bullfrog was recorded in K+-free Ringer's solution by means of the sucrose gap technique. The potassium activated hyperpolarization (K+H), induced by the re-introduction of potassium, was used as an index of electrogenic Na+, K+-pumping. The K+H was blocked by 1 microM ouabain. Na+,K+-ATPase activity was measured in microsomal membrane preparations of frog and beef brain using a continuous spectrophotometric assay. Although ouabain consistently inhibited beef brain Na+,K+-ATPase (IC50 = 2.2 microM), acid-acetone extracts prepared from guinea pig and beef brain produced only partial inhibition. Neither of the extracts significantly reduced the K+H of the frog ganglion. CMA inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase prepared from bullfrog brain and spinal cord with slightly greater potency (IC50 = 4.5 microM) than did ouabain (IC50 = 10 microM). In contrast, electrogenic Na+,K+-pumping (i.e. the K+H) in the frog ganglion was not affected by this steroid. It is concluded that although both the extracts and CMA inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase, neither can be considered ouabain-like due to their failure to affect the electrogenic Na+,K+-pump in situ. AURafuse PE; Almeida AF; Kwan SF; Smith PA EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p33-40 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium; Brain Chemistry; Chlormadinone; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Ouabain MNGanglia, Sympathetic /EN; Rana Catesbeiana MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001653 TITransneuronal transport of lectins. ABAxonal and transneuronal transport of the plant lectins wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA), Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), Concanavalin A agglutinin (Con A), and Ulex europeus agglutinin (UEA) were examined and compared using an immunocytochemical staining method. WGA, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid carbohydrate residues, and the 3 mannose binding lectins (Con A, PSA and LCA) were found to undergo retrograde transport to the facial nucleus after injection into the facial muscles, and anterograde transport to the optic tectum after injection in the vitreous, and to the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis after injection into the mystatial vibrissae. SBA showed a slight tendency to be transported retrogradely, but not in the anterograde direction, whereas UEA and PNA were not axonally transported in any of these systems. All lectins which were transported in the anterograde direction labeled neuronal somata in their respective terminal fields indicating that transneuronal transport had taken place. Axonal and transneuronal transport of the lectins appears to be dependent upon their respective carbohydrate affinities. Transneuronal transport which can be demonstrated for certain lectins indicates that mechanisms exist whereby neurons exchange large molecules which could be involved in mediating trophic and other influences on target cells. AUFabian RH; Coulter JD EM8601 IDNS 12481; NS 11255 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p41-8 MJLectins; Nervous System MNAxoplasmic Flow; Cell Membrane Permeability; Immunoenzyme Technics; Maxillary Nerve /ME; Rats; Retinal Ganglion Cells /ME; Superior Colliculus /ME; Synaptic Membranes /ME; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001654 TIA reappraisal of rat motor cortex organization by intracortical microstimulation. ABThe organization of the motor cortex was reinvestigated with intracortical microstimulation, in light-anaesthetized (ketamine) rats. A posterolateral (PL) vibrissae area was found in addition to the rostral one, and blinks of the contralateral eyelids were elicited from a part of this PL area. Several cortical representations such as neck or tail were largely overlapping with neighbouring areas. Vegetative effects (mainly myosis and swallowing) were obtained from a medial cortical strip. Within the PL vibrissae area, a topical arrangement related to the vibrissal rows was observed, whereas in the leg areas, no individual representation of muscles could be evidenced. These results are compared with the maps previously published, and discussed in terms of specificity, musculotopy and overlapping of motor areas. AUGioanni Y; Lamarche M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p49-61 MJMotor Cortex MNBrain Mapping; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal RNEC 1.13. (Oxygenases); EC 1.13.11.20 (cysteine dioxygenase); EC 4.1.1. (Carboxy-Lyases); EC 4.1.1.29 (cysteine sulphinate decarboxylase); 107-35-7 (Taurine); 13100-82-8 (Cysteic Acid); 2381-08-0 (cysteine sulfinic acid); 350-03-8 (3-acetylpyridine); 4371-52-2 (Cysteine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001655 TIRegulatory role of cysteine dioxygenase in cerebral biosynthesis of taurine. Analysis using cerebellum from 3-acetylpyridine-treated rat. ABThe effect of 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) administration on the biosynthesis of taurine in the rat brain has been studied. Treatment with 3-AP induced a significant decrease in the cerebellar contents of taurine and its metabolic precursors, cysteine sulfinic acid (CSA) and cysteic acid (CA), as well as a selective degeneration of climbing fibers in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. It was found that the activity of cerebral cysteine dioxygenase, the enzyme catalyzing the formation of CSA from cysteine, consisted of two systems with low and high Km values. The 3-AP-induced attenuation of cysteine dioxygenase activity with a low Km value was noted only in the cerebellum, while that with a high Km value was detected not only in the cerebellum but also in other brain areas such as the medulla oblongata, striatum and cerebral cortex. In contrast, no alteration in the activity of cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSD) was observed in any brain areas examined following the administration of 3-AP. Furthermore, it was found that essentially no cystamine as well as a very low activity of cysteamine dioxygenase is present in the brain. The present results suggest that taurine in the brain is synthesized from cysteine, mainly by the CSA and CA pathways, and the observed decline of cerebellar taurine in 3-AP-treated rats may be due to an attenuation of the biosynthesis, possibly at the step of cysteine dioxygenase. A possible regulatory role of cysteine dioxygenase with a low Km value in the biosynthesis of cerebral taurine is also suggested. AUIda S; Ohkuma S; Kimori M; Kuriyama K; Morimoto N; Ibata Y EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p62-9 MJCerebellum; Oxygenases; Pyridines; Taurine MNBrain Chemistry /DE; Carboxy-Lyases /ME; Cysteic Acid /AN; Cysteine /AA /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN154-17-6 (Deoxyglucose) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001656 TIAscending reticular activating system in the rat: a 2-deoxyglucose study. ABThe autoradiographic [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) method was used to map ascending pathways which are influenced by arousing electrical stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation (RET) in alert rats. The major finding was that RET stimulation produces selective patterns of metabolic activation and suppression in discrete brain regions. The regions activated were limited to specific intralaminar, medial and anterior thalamic nuclei, and to the entire auditory system. Conversely, a large suppression of 2-DG uptake was observed in most of the cerebral cortex, limbic and extrapyramidal structures, whereas at the same time some brain regions were left unaffected. Striking similarities were found between the functional pathways affected differentially by RET stimulation and well-defined cholinergic pathways which originate in the midbrain tegmentum. Structures which showed metabolic activation are part of the dorsal cholinergic pathway, whereas the regions suppressed are part of the ventral cholinergic pathway and its higher-order projections. The results support the conclusion that cholinergic pathways represent the thalamic and extrathalamic divisions of the reticular activating system. Our observations provide the first anatomical demonstration that RET stimulation has widespread and differential effects on cerebral metabolism. They also support the concept that arousing electrocortical desynchronization involves reticular activation of thalamocortical neurons, which in turn have widespread suppressive influences on cortical metabolism. AUGonzalez-Lima F; Scheich H EM8601 IDMBRS-RR08067 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p70-88 MJArousal; Mesencephalon; Reticular Formation MNAfferent Pathways /PH; Auditory Pathways /PH; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex /PH; Deoxyglucose /ME; Electric Stimulation; Limbic System /PH; Rats; Thalamic Nuclei /PH MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN19216-56-9 (Prazosin); 4205-90-7 (Clonidine); 50-76-0 (Dactinomycin); 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil); 59-96-1 (Phenoxybenzamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001657 TIThe effects of phenoxybenzamine on specific binding and function of central alpha-adrenoceptors in the rabbit. ABWe have studied the effects of phenoxybenzamine, an irreversible alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist on the binding of the alpha-adrenoceptor ligands [3H]prazosin and [3H]clonidine to rabbit brain membranes. Where possible changes in binding were related to changes in central alpha-adrenoceptor function. Phenoxybenzamine showed a similar alpha 1/alpha 2-adrenoceptor selectivity in the brain to that previously reported in the periphery. Much higher doses were required to reduce specific clonidine binding and to interfere with the hypotensive response to intracisternal clonidine than to reduce specific prazosin binding. Recovery of binding site number of both alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor selective ligands was slower than in peripheral tissues (heart and spleen). Recovery was log linear and the half time (t1/2) for recovery of the maximum number of specific prazosin and clonidine binding sites in forebrain was 10.8 +/- 2.6 days and 6.1 +/- 0.1 days and in hindbrain 13.3 +/- 3.1 days and 4.6 +/- 1.8 days, respectively. t1/2 for recovery of the in vivo hypotensive response to intracisternal clonidine was 2.7 +/- 1.0 days. Recovery of this response was attenuated by treatment with the inhibitor of protein synthesis, 5-fluorouracil. This suggests that recovery after phenoxybenzamine in brain, as in the periphery, may depend at least in part on synthesis of new receptor protein. The recovery of brain adrenoceptor number after phenoxybenzamine may be an index of receptor turnover and is much slower in brain than in heart and spleen. AUHamilton CA; Reid JL EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p89-95 MJBrain; Phenoxybenzamine; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha MNClonidine /ME; Dactinomycin /PD; Drug Interactions; Fluorouracil /PD; Prazosin /ME; Rabbits MTAnimal; Male RN1199-18-4 (6-hydroxydopamine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001658 TIBehavioral study after local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the nucleus accumbens in the rat. ABAnatomically, the nucleus accumbens (n.Acc.) has been considered as an interface between limbic and striatal sensorimotor structures. In the light of this hypothesis we have investigated the behavioral effects of destruction of the dopaminergic innervation of the n.Acc. after local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. The following behavioral deficits were observed: hypoexploration in a 4-hole box and 2-compartment field, failure to inhibit response strategies either with positive reinforcement in a straight alley test or negative reinforcement in a passive avoidance test. These disturbances comprise a syndrome of perseveration, reduced distraction by irrelevant information, decreased behavioral switching and flexibility, and a paradoxical locomotor disinhibition in an emotional context. Very similar behavioral changes are found following lesions of limbic structures. In addition, these lesioned animals exhibit an enhanced latency to initiate motor responses. This deficit of behavioral initiation is classically observed in motor striatal disease. It is suggested that the n.Acc. is a key structure for the integration of limbic and striatal sensorimotor functions. AUTaghzouti K; Simon H; Louilot A; Herman JP; Le Moal M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p9-20 MJBehavior, Animal; Dopamine /PH; Hydroxydopamines; Nucleus Accumbens; Septal Nuclei MNAvoidance Learning /DE; Dopamine /AN; Exploratory Behavior /DE; Extinction (Psychology) /DE; Motor Activity /DE; Nucleus Accumbens /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN1001-13-4 (homocysteic acid); 17833-53-3 (N-methylaspartate); 454-28-4 (Homocysteine); 487-79-6 (Kainic Acid); 52809-07-1 (quisqualic acid); 56-40-6 (Glycine); 56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001659 TIEffects of bath-applied excitatory amino acids and their analogs on spinal interneurons of the lamprey. ABDepolarizations, conductance increases and time courses of the responses to bath application of glutamate, aspartate, DL-homocysteate, N-methyl-DL-aspartate (NMDLA), quisqualate and kainate were determined in interneurons of the isolated spinal cord of the lamprey, one of the most primitive vertebrates. Conductance increases produced by these excitants in perfusate containing tetrodotoxin (0.5 microgram/ml), 4-aminopyridine (1 mM) and without Ca2+ were very small in comparison with those produced by glycine or GABA. NMDLA-induced depolarizations were associated with conductance decreases and rhythmic oscillations in membrane potentials in this perfusate. Quisqualate was strongest among these amino acids in producing depolarizations and conductance increases. Responses induced by analogs were slower than those produced by glutamate and aspartate. Phylogenetic distribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors on neurons and muscles is discussed. AUHomma S EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p96-102 MJAmino Acids; Cyclostomes; Lampreys; Spinal Cord MNAspartic Acid /AA /PD; Glutamates /PD; Glycine /PD; Homocysteine /AA /PD; Interneurons /DE; Kainic Acid /PD; Membrane Potentials /DE; Oxadiazoles /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro RN102-32-9 (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid); 1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001660 TILate changes in cerebral monoamine metabolism following focal ventrolateral cerebrocortical lesions in rats. ABTwelve weeks after focal ventrolateral cerebrocortical suction lesions (ca. 12 X 4 mm) were made in rats, concentrations of the monoamines norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites were measured in several cortical and subcortical brain regions using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Widespread changes in the concentrations of monoamines, their metabolites, and metabolite:monoamine ratios were found in the hemisphere ipsilateral to unilateral (right) lesions, and bilaterally in animals with bilateral lesions. NE was decreased in undamaged dorsolateral cortex and hippocampus, and tended to be increased in striatum and midbrain ipsilateral to lesions. DA was increased in the hypothalamus of bilaterally lesioned animals, and also tended to be increased in striatum and midbrain. The changes of greatest magnitude and anatomical extent were found in the serotonin system: 5-HT was generally increased, and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and the 5-HIAA:5-HT ratio were decreased throughout the cerebral hemispheres ipsilateral to lesions. These widespread changes in cerebral 5-HT metabolism were qualitatively different and smaller than those previously found at 6 days after cortical lesions, and suggest a biphasic response of the ipsilateral 5-HT system to ventrolateral cortical injury. AUFinklestein S; Campbell A; Baldessarini RJ; Moya KL; Haber SN EM8601 IDMH-31154; MH-47370 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p205-10 MJBiogenic Amines; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex MN3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid /AN; Dopamine /AN; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid /AN; Norepinephrine /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serotonin /AN MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-34-3 (Scopolamine); 6581-06-2 (Quinuclidinyl Benzilate); 7439-93-2 (Lithium); 92-13-7 (Pilocarpine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001661 TIEffect of chronic lithium on cholinergically mediated responses and [3H]QNB binding in rat brain. ABLithium (Li) has been previously reported to increase acetylcholine turnover and release in rat brain and to potentiate the neurotoxicity of cholinergic agents. We studied the effect of chronic Li administration, alone and in combination with the muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine, on two cholinergically-mediated responses and on muscarinic cholinergic receptor (MCR) binding in rat brain. Administered separately, Li and scopolamine enhanced the cataleptic and hypothermic responses to pilocarpine; combined administration resulted in an additive effect on both these measures. [3H]Quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) binding was increased by Li in the corpus striatum but not in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus. Scopolamine increased [3H]QNB binding in the striatum, cortex and hippocampus; Li and scopolamine effects on striatal MCR were not additive. Contrary to a previous report, antagonist-induced MCR supersensitivity was not prevented by concurrent Li administration in any of the brain areas studied. The additive effect of Li and scopolamine on pilocarpine-induced catalepsy and a trend in this direction for pilocarpine-induced hypothermia suggest that the actions of the two agents to enhance cholinergically mediated responses may be achieved by different mechanisms. Supersensitive responses following scopolamine may be attributed to antagonist-induced up-regulation of postsynaptic muscarinic receptors as demonstrated in the binding studies. The effects of Li to enhance cholinergically-mediated catalepsy and hypothermia are interpreted as extending previous reports that Li stimulates brain cholinergic function by a presynaptic increase in acetylcholine turnover and release. AULerer B; Stanley M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p211-9 MJBrain; Catalepsy; Hypothermia, Induced; Lithium /PD; Receptors, Muscarinic MNCholinergic Fibers /DE; Lithium /AD; Pilocarpine /AD; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Scopolamine /AD MTAnimal; Male RN56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58569-55-4 (Enkephalin, Methionine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001662 TIATP-dependent [3H]Met-enkephalin uptake by bovine adrenal chromaffin granule membrane. ABUptake of [3H]Met-enkephalin by purified chromaffin granule membrane isolated from bovine adrenal medulla was investigated. Addition of a single divalent cation, such as Mg2+ or Ca2+, did not affect the uptake. The presence of 3 mM ATP in the incubation medium stimulated the uptake to two times that of the control. The same stimulation effect was also found in the presence of ATP plus a single divalent cation. The ATP-dependent uptake reached its half-maximal level within 5 min after initiation of the reaction at 25 degrees C, and reached a plateau within 10 min. The apparent Km for [3H]Met-enkephalin uptake by the chromaffin granule membrane was about 2.3 X 10(-6) M. GTP, CTP, UTP and ADP did not stimulate enkephalin uptake. Several calcium inhibitors such as trifluoperazine, verapamil and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octylester (TMB-8) markedly inhibited enkephalin uptake. The inhibition exceeded 80%, although these chemicals inhibited Ca2+-ATPase activity in chromaffin granule membrane only 30% under the same conditions. Ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), at 3 mM also inhibited uptake about 30%. The results indicate that uptake of Met-enkephalin by chromaffin granule membrane ghosts was driven not only by ATPase activity, but also by some other Ca2+-ATP-mediated mechanism(s). AUTakeda F; Takeda M; Shimada A; Konno K EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p220-6 MJAdenosine Triphosphate; Adrenal Medulla; Chromaffin Granules; Chromaffin System; Enkephalin, Methionine MNCalcium Channel Blockers /PD; Cattle; Caudate Nucleus /ME; Intracellular Membranes /ME; Nucleotides /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001663 TILocalization of the spinal accessory motoneurons in the cervical cord in connection with the phrenic nucleus: an HRP study in cats. ABThe localization of the spinal accessory motoneurons (SAMNs) that innervate the accessory respiratory muscles, the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and trapezius (TP) muscles, was identified in the cat using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. In the cases of HRP bathing of the transected spinal accessory nerve (SAN), HRP-labeled motoneurons were observed ipsilaterally from the C1 to the rostral C6 segments of the spinal cord. Labeled neurons were located principally in the medial and central regions of the dorsomedial cell column of the ventral horn in the C1 segment, in the lateral region of the ventrolateral cell column in the C2-C4 segments, between the ventrolateral and ventromedial cell columns in the C5 segment and in the lateral region of the ventromedial cell column in the C6 segment. In the cases of HRP injection into either SCM or TP muscles, labeled SCM motoneurons were found in the C1-C3 segments of the spinal cord and labeled TP motoneurons were chiefly localized more caudally within the spinal accessory nucleus. The present study revealed that, in the C5 and C6 segments, the SAMNs have a very similar topographic localization to the phrenic nucleus in the ventral horn. This finding implicated the functional linkage of the SAMNs with the phrenic motoneurons in particular types of respiration. AUSatomi H; Takahashi K; Aoki M; Kasaba T; Kurosawa Y; Otsuka K EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p227-30 MJAccessory Nerve; Muscles; Neck Muscles; Phrenic Nerve; Spinal Cord MNAccessory Nerve /CY; Anterior Horn Cells; Cats; Neck Muscles /PH; Phrenic Nerve /CY; Respiration MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001664 TINeuronal damage in the rat retina after chronic stress. ABLong-term exposure to escapable foot shock has been used to determine if chronic stress influences neuronal cell death in the retina of albino and pigmented rats. Histopathologic and morphometric approaches analyzed changes in photoreceptors and neurons of the bipolar and ganglion cell layers of the retina. Albino Fischer rats when exposed to chronic stress for 4-8 h daily for 1 week to 6 months, developed severe retinal damage, as compared to unstressed control retinas, with reduction in photoreceptor and bipolar neurons, particularly in the superior central retina. The damage was observed in male and female rats, but males appeared to be more susceptible to the influence of stress than female animals. Ganglion cells were unaffected. Photoreceptor destruction did not occur in Long-Evans pigmented rats under identical experimental conditions. The results suggest that: input of the sensory stimulus, light, to the retina of stressed rats augmented neuronal damage and might be required for its initiation; and hormones and/or neurotransmitters associated with long-term chronic stress might be related to increased neuronal cell death in the mammalian retina. AUO'Steen WK; Brodish A EM8601 IDEY0 2359; P01-AG0-4207 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p231-9 MJRetina; Stress /PA MNAlbinism /CO; Cell Survival; Chronic Disease; Light /AE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Rods and Cones /PA; Sex Factors; Stress /CO MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN302-17-0 (Chloral Hydrate); 465-65-6 (Naloxone); 57-27-2 (Morphine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001665 TILocus coeruleus unit activity in freely moving cats is increased following systemic morphine administration. ABContrary to previous reports of morphine's depression of locus coeruleus (LC) unit activity in anesthetized animals, acute administration of morphine (0.5, 2.0 or 4.0 mg/kg, i.p.) did not decrease the unit activity of noradrenergic neurons in the area of the LC of freely moving cats. In fact at the higher doses examined (2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg) morphine significantly increased unit activity. Naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) administration reversed the increase in unit activity produced by morphine. When these same studies were conducted in cats first anesthetized with chloral hydrate, morphine produced a significant decrease in unit activity in a naloxone-reversible manner. These results suggest that previous reports of systemic morphine's depression of LC unit activity may be at least partially attributable to an interaction with anesthesia. Morphine's multiplicity of actions upon the LC is discussed. AURasmussen K; Jacobs BL EM8601 IDMH23433 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p240-8 MJLocus Coeruleus; Morphine MNAdrenergic Fibers /DE; Anesthesia, General; Cats; Chloral Hydrate; Naloxone /PD; Rats; Species Specificity; Stimulation, Chemical MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN62031-54-3 (Fibroblast Growth Factor); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001666 TIChemotaxis of rat brain astrocytes to platelet derived growth factor. ABUsing a purified population of rat brain astrocytes prepared from neonatal cortex, we investigated the chemotaxis of astroglia to several well characterized growth factors. Chemotactic activity for astrocytes was found for the platelet derived growth factor with a half maximal response occurring at 0.5 ng/ml as compared with a value of 2-3 ng/ml obtained for NIH/3T3 fibroblasts in control experiments. Other growth factors including epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and insulin were inactive as chemoattractants. Affinity purified fibronectin was also found to stimulate the migration of astroglia, with half maximal doses of approximately 1 microgram/ml relative to maximal responses to platelet derived growth factor. AUBressler JP; Grotendorst GR; Levitov C; Hjelmeland LM EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p249-54 MJAstrocytes /PH; Chemotaxis; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor MNAstrocytes /ME; Cells, Cultured; Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone; Fibroblast Growth Factor; Fibronectins; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein /ME; Insulin; Nerve Growth Factors; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001667 TIGlial and axonal development in optic nerve of myelin deficient rat mutant. ABDevelopment of glial cell lines and axons is reported for the optic nerve of the myelin deficient rat mutant, md, 3-46 days postnatally. In mutants, optic nerves do not increase in area after 16 days of age whereas, in normal rats, they enlarge through 46 days of postnatal life. The density of glial cells, determined in cross-sections, is similar in md and normal littermates through 19 days postnatally. Thereafter, glial densities are greater in the mutant. Nonetheless, total glial counts are reduced in md as compared to the normal, because cross-sectional areas and lengths of mutant nerve 30-46 days after birth are smaller than those of age-matched, normal littermates. Differential counts of glial cells, made by ultrastructural criteria, show that md optic nerves contain abnormal, vacuolated, immature oligodendroglia from the third postnatal day. Furthermore, oligodendrocytes are reduced in number in older mutants; they constitute 1% of optic nerve neuroglia at 46 days. Astrocytic numbers are increased in relative, not in absolute, terms from 19 days, and microglial numbers are greater than normal in the oldest mutants. Reactive microglia, containing large cytoplasmic lipid droplets, constitute 4-8% of the glia of md nerve 19-46 days postnatally. Mean axonal areas are similar in normal rats and mutants at 19 and 43-46 days of age. However, mitochondrial density is greater in md axons 19 days after birth and mean areas of axonal mitochondria are significantly larger in 43-46 day mutants than in age-matched, normal littermates. Additionally, the percent area of axoplasm occupied by mitochondria is increased in md at both 19 and 43-46 days of age. The myelination defect in md appears to be due primarily to an oligodendroglial abnormality which precedes the normal age of onset of myelination. Astrocytic and microglial changes are secondary. Axonal enlargement proceeds normally over 46 days of postnatal life. Overall, the data do not provide definitive support for an axonal basis for the myelination defect, although measurable differences in axonal mitochondria between mutants and normals are demonstrable and qualitative abnormalities do occur in the axons of the mutant. AUDentinger MP; Barron KD; Csiza CK EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p255-66 MJNeuroglia; Optic Nerve MNAge Factors; Axons /UL; Cell Count; Microscopy, Electron; Myelin Sheath /UL; Neuroglia /UL; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats, Mutant Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001668 TILoss and displacement of ganglion cells after optic nerve regeneration in adult Rana pipiens. ABAfter studying pathway selection in the brain of Rana pipiens during unilateral optic nerve regeneration, several frogs were allowed to survive for lengthy periods for use in the present investigation. Retina flat-mounts were prepared from both eyes at 42-50 weeks postoperation. In some cases, HRP was infiltrated into both optic nerves prior to sacrifice to assist in identifying retinal ganglion cells. All specimens showed reduced cell-densities in the ganglion cell layer of the eye that had sustained the nerve regeneration. In addition, many ganglion cells were displaced, abnormally, into the inner plexiform layer, and the normally-situated cells formed irregular bands and islands in some parts of the retina. Cell-counts showed an apparently time-related change in neuron number ranging from a loss of 41% compared with the unaffected eye at 42 weeks, to losses as great as 71% at 50 weeks. The probable number of displaced amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer, assumed to be unaffected by the experiment, was estimated at a maximum of 16%. Possible factors underlying the loss and displacement of ganglion cells are discussed. AUScalia F; Arango V; Singman EL EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p267-80 MJNerve Regeneration; Optic Nerve /PH; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Retina /PH MNCell Count; Cell Survival; Optic Nerve /IN; Rana Pipiens; Retina /CY MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001669 TILaser-induced somatosensory evoked potentials: evidence of photosensitivity in peripheral nerves. ABIrradiation of the skin overlying the median nerve at the wrist in humans with a low power (1 mW; 632.5 nm) helium-neon laser produced a somatosensory evoked potential obtained at Erb's point. This evoked potential had a latency equal to that observed after electrical stimulation of the same nerve. Prolonged exposure to laser (20 min, 3.1 Hz) resulted in a large (10-90%) decrease in the amplitude of the electrical evoked potential. Since this laser produces no detectable thermal change, the results imply that photochemical reactions alter neuronal activity. AUWalker JB; Akhanjee LK EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p281-5 MJEvoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Lasers; Nervous System; Skin /RE MNAdult; Electric Stimulation; Median Nerve /PH; Photochemistry; Reaction Time /PH; Skin /IR MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 4.1.1.15 (Glutamate Decarboxylase); 56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001670 TIRetinal GABA neurons: localization in vertebrate species using an antiserum to rabbit brain glutamate decarboxylase. ABRetinal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons have been localized immunocytochemically using a new antiserum against rabbit brain glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). The animals examined were: dogfish, ratfish, goldfish, catfish, turtle, chick, mouse, rat, pig, rabbit, cat and New World monkey. GAD-containing processes, observed as punctate deposits of immunochemical reaction product, formed discrete bands within the inner plexiform layers of all retinas examined. Immunoreactive, and therefore presumably GABAergic, amacrine cells were observed in all species. Displaced GABAergic amacrine cells were observed in the retinas of goldfish, catfish, turtle and chick, and sparsely in the rabbit as well. GABAergic horizontal cells were detected in catfish, goldfish, chick and turtle. Interplexiform cells in the cat and the rat were clearly immunoreactive for glutamate decarboxylase; this is the first report of GABAergic interplexiform cells in the rat. AUBrandon C EM8601 IDEY-03886 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p286-95 MJGlutamate Decarboxylase; Retina /EN MNCats; Chickens; Dogfish; Fishes; GABA /PH; Immunoenzyme Technics; Macaca fascicularis; Mice; Neural Transmission; Neurons /CY; Rabbits; Rats; Retina /CY; Species Specificity; Swine; Turtles MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001671 TIInduction of epileptiform activity in hippocampal slices by trains of electrical stimuli. ABIn this paper we present an in vitro model of epileptogenesis based on electrical stimulation rather than pharmacological or ionic manipulations. Hippocampal slices given a series of stimulus trains similar to those used in kindling exhibited 3 types of epileptiform activity in CA3: afterdischarges immediately following the trains; spontaneous bursts of multiple population spikes; and bursts triggered by single stimuli. The afterdischarges and spontaneous bursts may be comparable to those seen in vivo during kindling; also, the progression of these features in this model was similar to their progression during kindling. All epileptiform activities were long-lasting, persisting for up to 3.5 h following the last train. This stimulus train-induced population bursting should be valuable as an acute model of hippocampal epileptogenesis, and may also help elucidate hippocampal participation in the kindling process. AUStasheff SF; Bragdon AC; Wilson WA EM8601 IDNS 17771; NS 15212 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p296-302 MJEpilepsy /ET; Hippocampus MNAction Potentials; Disease Models, Animal; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Epilepsy /CI /PP; Kindling (Neurology); Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-22-6 (Corticosterone); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001672 TINeurophysiological analysis of the development of endocrine and hypertensive reactions in prolonged emotional stress. ABThe model of immobilization stress with aperiodic foot shock (FS) was used to study the effect of a prolonged emotional stress on the functional condition of cortical and subcortical structures (hypothalamic and reticular structures in particular) in EEG activity and to elucidate their role in the development of endocrine and hypertensive reactions. It is shown that the development of hypertensive reactions in animals is stipulated by dynamic changes in the functional condition of the CNS, particularly in the hypothalamic neuroendocrinal control mechanism and reticular formation of the midbrain, which can be conditionally subdivided into 3 stages. The first is characterized by the emergence of short-time cycles of the hypersynchronized activity of slow waves in the cortical and subcortical mechanism, which is accompanied by adaptive hormonal secretion and transient effects of vascular reactions to FS; in the meantime neither neuroendocrinal nor blood pressure (BP) self-regulation mechanisms are impaired. The second stage is characterized (3-4 days after the beginning of the exposure) by the development of 'persistent' excitation in the CNS and the stabilization of a high level of hormones in the blood. Vascular reactions to FS are extremely prolonged ones; in intervals between FS applications BP fails to return to initial values. The third stage (1 month after cessation of experiments) is characterized by normal background EEG-activity in cortical-subcortical structures, normal indices of hormonal homeostasis but high level of BP. In response to 'repeated' stress, on the first experimental day, prolonged hypersynchronization of slow waves in cortical-subcortical structures occurred while BP reactions to FS were also prolonged and high hormonal secretion was observed. The data obtained suggest the high reactivity of reticular-hypothalamic structures which determine primarily the characteristics of both vascular and hormonal reactions that could be understood to be due to the result of previous experience (the first stage of stress). AUAmiragova MG EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p303-15 MJ11-Hydroxycorticosteroids; Brain; Hypertension; Stress, Psychological; Thyroxine MNCats; Corticosterone /BL; Electroencephalography; Hydrocortisone /BL; Hypertension /PP; Stress, Psychological /PP MTAnimal RN465-65-6 (Naloxone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001673 TIA differential effect of naloxone on transmission of impulses in primary afferents to ventral roots and ascending spinal tracts. ABVentral root reflexes and ascending volleys to stimulation of group I muscle afferents, large diameter cutaneous afferents and unmyelinated primary afferents were examined in barbiturate anaesthetized spinal cats. Intravenous naloxone (0.05-0.10 mg/kg) increased reflexes to stimulation of all primary afferent types but of the ascending volleys, only those to stimulation of unmyelinated primary afferents were increased. Thus it appears that opioid peptides have differential effects on transmission of primary afferent impulses to supraspinal areas, an action possibly relevant to analgesia, in contrast to a non-selective suppression of transmission to motoneurones. AUDuggan AW; Hall JG; Foong FW; Zhao ZQ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p316-21 MJNaloxone; Neural Transmission; Reflex; Spinal Cord MNAfferent Pathways /DE; Anterior Horn Cells /DE; Cats; Endorphins /PH; Muscles /IR; Neurons, Afferent /DE; Reflex, Monosynaptic /DE; Skin /IR MTAnimal RNEC 2.7.1.37 (Protein Kinases); 362-74-3 (Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP); 7665-99-8 (Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001674 TISelective increase of R-I subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in glia-rich primary cultures upon treatment with dibutyryl cyclic AMP. ABLevels of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase and of the subunits (R-I, R-II and C) of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase were determined in two types of neural primary cell cultures that were either treated or not treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Astroglia-rich cell cultures from newborn rat brain responded to exposure to dibutyryl cyclic AMP by a 2-3-fold increase in the level of R-I subunit, as demonstrated by two radioimmunological procedures, while the levels of the other subunits (R-II and C) and of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase remained unaffected. In contrast, neuron-rich cell cultures from embryonic rat brain did not display such a change in the level of R-I subunit. Thus, the elevation in the level of R-I elicited by dibutyryl cyclic AMP in normal non-malignant neural cells in culture was restricted to glial rather than neuronal cells. AULoffler F ; Lohmann SM; Walckhoff B; Walter U; Hamprecht B EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p322-8 MJAstrocytes; Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP MNAnimals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; Embryo; Enzyme Induction; Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate /PD; Neurons /EN; Protein Kinases /BI; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN124-87-8 (Picrotoxin); 56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001675 TIElectrophysiological evidence that the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus is a relay between the ventral pallidum and the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat. ABThe neural connections from the ventral pallidum (VP) through the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD) to the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) were investigated. Extracellular recordings were made from 219 neurons in the medial and lateral portions of the MD and the VP and the MPC were stimulated. The most frequent response to VP stimulation was inhibition and inhibition preceded by excitation. Also, the most frequent response of MD units to MPC stimulation was inhibition and inhibition preceded by excitation. Nineteen of 26 MD units, activated antidromically by MPC stimulation, responded orthodromically to VP stimulation. The most frequent orthodromic response of these MD output neurons was inhibition and inhibition preceded by excitation. GABA iontophorized onto MD neurons reduced their rate of discharge. GABA and picrotoxin iontophorized onto MD neurons did not influence the inhibitory or excitatory responses to VP stimulation. These electrophysiological results support previous anatomical findings of connections between the VP and the MPC by way of the MD. MD output neurons to the MPC receive mostly inhibitory inputs from VP afferents. A high proportion of MD neurons respond orthodromically to both VP and MPC stimulation, suggesting the convergence of synaptic inputs from these structures to the same MD units. AUVives F; Mogenson GJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p329-37 MJFrontal Lobe; Globus Pallidus; Thalamic Nuclei /PH MNBrain Mapping; Evoked Potentials; GABA /PD; Neural Pathways /PH; Picrotoxin /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Thalamic Nuclei /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001676 TIHypothalamic projections to the ventral medulla oblongata in the rat, with special reference to the nucleus raphe pallidus: a study using autoradiographic and HRP techniques. ABHypothalamic descending projections to the medullary ventral surface were studied autoradiographically in the rat. A small amount of [3H]leucine was injected unilaterally into various parts of the hypothalamus by air pressure. Abundant and characteristic terminal labelings were observed bilaterally in the nucleus raphe pallidus, the ventral surface of the pyramidal tract and the nucleus interfascicularis hypoglossi, after injections into the dorsal posterior hypothalamic area caudal to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Conspicuous, but less numerous labelings were observed in the nucleus raphe obscurus and the ipsilateral raphe magnus. After an injection of [3H]leucine into the hypothalamus and injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the spinal cord in the same animal, silver grains were densely distributed around HRP-labeled neurons in the nucleus raphe pallidus including the nucleus interfascicularis hypoglossi. The present results suggest that the dorsal posterior hypothalamic area projects directly to the spinal-projecting neurons of the nucleus raphe pallidus. AUHosoya Y EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p338-50 MJHypothalamus; Medulla Oblongata; Raphe Nuclei MNHypoglossal Nerve /AH; Hypothalamic Area, Lateral /AH; Hypothalamus, Posterior /AH; Neural Pathways /AH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spinal Cord /AH MTAnimal; Male RN9011-97-6 (Cholecystokinin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001677 TICholecystokinin (CCK) gene-related peptides: distribution and characterization of immunoreactive pro-CCK and an amino-terminal pro-CCK fragment in rat brain. ABAn antiserum specific for the amino terminus of pro-CCK detects 3 major peptides in rat brain with molecular weights of 13,000, 8000 and 2700 daltons. These peptides are abundant both in CCK terminal-field regions and regions rich in CCK perikarya. The two high molecular weight peptides probably represent CCK precursor molecules. The smaller peptide is probably the amino-terminal fragment of pro-CCK and may be stored and released along with CCK-8, and have a potential role in synaptic transmission. AUBeinfeld MC EM8601 IDNS 18335; NS 18667 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p351-5 MJBrain Chemistry; Cholecystokinin MNMethods; Molecular Weight; Radioimmunoassay; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN485-49-4 (Bicuculline); 504-24-5 (4-aminopyridine); 56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001678 TIEffects of 4-aminopyridine, GABA and bicuculline on cutaneous receptive fields of cat dorsal horn neurons. AB4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), bicuculline and GABA were applied locally to dorsal horn cells in the lumbar spinal cord in Nembutal-anaesthetized cats and in spinal cats. 4-AP expanded the cutaneous receptive field of 29 of 33 cells tested. Bicuculline and GABA had little or no effect on receptive field size. AUSaade N ; Jabbur SJ; Wall PD EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p356-9 MJAminopyridines; Bicuculline; GABA; Skin; Spinal Cord MNCats; Neural Transmission /DE; Neurons, Afferent /DE; Sensation /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN465-65-6 (Naloxone); 57-27-2 (Morphine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001679 TIIncrease in the threshold of a nociceptive test induced by naloxone in morphine-tolerant rats. ABThe effects of various doses of naloxone (3-1000 micrograms/kg i.v.) on the vocalization threshold elicited by pressure on the paw were evaluated in rats chronically treated with high doses of morphine. In addition to the well known precipitation of withdrawal induced by naloxone, an unexpected dose-related increase in the vocalization threshold was observed. AUKayser V; Guilbaud G EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p360-4 MJMorphine; Naloxone; Pain MNArthritis, Adjuvant /PP; Drug Tolerance; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sensory Thresholds; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome /PP; Vocalization, Animal /PH MTAnimal; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001680 TIUnilateral and bilateral cortical spreading depression interferes with radial maze performance in rats. ABSeven rats with implanted cortical electrodes were trained in a 12-arm radial maze to asymptomatic performance (1.38 errors per trial). Single waves of cortical spreading depression (CSD) were elicited by application of cathodal current to the parieto-occipital cortex and monitored by suppression of callosal responses in the frontal cortex. Bilateral CSD elicited before the trial caused a small increase of error incidence in choices 1-6 but did not affect accuracy of choices 7-12. Bilateral CSD between choices 6 and 7 increased error incidence in the second half of the trial from 1.33 to 2.84, i.e. almost to the chance level of 3.0. Unilateral CSDs elicited before the first half of the trial in one hemisphere and in the same or in the contralateral hemisphere before the second half of the trial caused similar deterioration of performance in choices 7-12 (2.4 and 2.1 errors, respectively). It is concluded that the CSD effects have both proactive and retroactive components and that the working memory record is not lateralized at the cortical level. AUBuresova O ; Bures J EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p365-8 MJCerebral Cortex; Memory; Spreading Cortical Depression MNBrain Mapping; Corpus Callosum /PH; Dominance, Cerebral /PH; Hippocampus /PH; Problem Solving /PH; Rats; Spatial Behavior /PH MTAnimal; Male RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001681 TIEffects of norepinephrine on rat neocortical neurons in dissociated cell culture. ABIntracellular recordings were made from neurons in dissociated cell culture of neocortex during application of norepinephrine (NE) or other adrenergic agonists. In the population of neurons generally studied, greater than 18 micron in diameter, adrenergic agonists from 1 nM to 50 microM produced no change in membrane potential or input resistance 120 cells). Adrenergic agonists increased synaptic activity impinging on the impaled cell in 25/120 neurons (21%). In neurons in cocultures of locus coeruleus and cerebral cortex, again the same synaptic response to perfusion with NE was noted in 13/93 neurons (14%). In addition, direct effects of NE were noted on 6/93 neurons recorded from in cocultures, all close to the explant. In these cells, NE hyperpolarized the membrane in association with a small decrease in input resistance (11%). These responsive cells may have originated within the explant. A paradigm was used for testing the possibility of a responsive element in the cultures distinct from the impaled soma. 'Hot spots' were found using concentrations of isoproterenol as low as 10 nM. AURosenberg PA; Schweitzer JS; Dichter MA EM8601 IDNS 15362; HD 06276 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p369-72 MJCerebral Cortex; Locus Coeruleus; Norepinephrine MNAge Factors; Cells, Cultured; Electric Conductivity; Epinephrine /PD; Membrane Potentials /DE; Neural Transmission /DE; Rats; Synapses /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN362-05-0 (2-hydroxyestradiol); 50-28-2 (Estradiol) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001682 TIAutoradiographic determination of catechol estrogen binding sites in brain, pituitary and uterus. ABThe anatomical pattern of nuclear binding of 2-OH[6,9-3H]estradiol ([3H]2-OHE2) in brain, pituitary and uterus have been studied autoradiographically. Autoradiograms of forebrain, pituitary and uterus show nuclear concentrations of radioactivity in certain cells. This nuclear concentration is abolished when unlabelled 2-OHE2 or E2 was injected prior to the injection of [3H]2-OHE2. In the brain nuclear labelling is observed in the septal-preoptic region, in the anterior hypothalamic area, and in the central hypothalamic area. Some estrogen-sensitive nuclear groups, such as lateral septum and hippocampus, do not show accumulation of radioactivity. In the uterus, luminal and glandular epithelium, stromal cells and muscle cells are labelled. A comparison of the quantitative nuclear uptake of radioactivity and of the different time intervals after the injection of different doses shows similar uptake of nuclear radioactivity. This is comparable to data obtained after [6,7-3H]estradiol ([3H]E2) injection. The results provide clear evidence for nuclear binding of catechol estrogens of the same magnitude as [3H]E2 after in vivo treatment. AUParvizi N; Sar M; Duncan GE; Stumpf WE EM8601 IDNS 09914 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p373-6 MJBrain; Estradiol; Pituitary Gland; Uterus MNAutoradiography; Binding Sites; Estradiol /ME; Hypothalamus /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (delta receptor); 0 (mu receptor) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001684 TILocalization of mu- and delta-opioid receptors in cat respiratory areas: an autoradiographic study. ABAutoradiography after in vitro binding with selective ligands for either mu ([3H](Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-(NMePhe)-Gly-ol] or delta ([3H](Tyr-D-Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr)) opioid receptor types revealed the presence of variable amounts of radioactive labeling in the cat brainstem. Areas involved in the respiratory rhythmogenesis were among the most prominently labeled structures. The pneumotaxic center, including the nucleus parabrachialis medialis and the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, contains a very high density of delta binding sites while the dorsal respiratory nucleus which corresponds to the nucleus tractus solitarius, is more heavily labeled by the mu ligand. The neuroanatomical differences in the distribution of opioid receptors correlates well with the pharmacological responses induced by administration of specific mu- or delta ligands. AUSales N; Riche D; Roques BP; Denavit-Saubie M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p382-6 MJReceptors, Endorphin; Respiratory Center MNAnthropoidea; Autoradiography; Cats; Rats; Receptors, Endorphin /PH; Respiration; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN24305-27-9 (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001685 TICentral thyrotropin-releasing hormone elicits systemic hypoglycemia in mice. ABThyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), injected into the central nervous system (CNS) in rats, has been shown to elicit systemic hyperglycemia. In the present study, central TRH administration significantly decreased the plasma glucose in mice. The hypoglycemic response could be blocked by pretreatment with the muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, atropine methyl bromide, or the diabetogenic beta-cytotoxin, alloxan, implicating the involvement of the parasympathetic system and insulin-secreting cells in the endocrine pancreas. The role of TRH in the CNS in the autonomic regulation of glucose homeostasis is discussed. AUAmir S; Rivkind AI; Harel M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p387-91 MJBlood Glucose; Brain; Insulin; Islands of Langerhans; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone MNInjections, Intraventricular; Mice; Receptors, Muscarinic /DE MTAnimal RN0 (kappa receptor); 0 (mu receptor); 50-56-6 (Oxytocin); 67198-13-4 (U 50488H); 78123-71-4 (enkephalin, Ala(2) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001686 TIOpposing effects of oxytocin and of a mu-receptor agonistic opioid peptide on the same class of non-pyramidal neurones in rat hippocampus. ABA study was made of the effects of opioid peptides on the spontaneous firing of oxytocin-responsive non-pyramidal neurones in hippocampal slices. D-Ala2-Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAGO), a mu-opiate agonist, decreased or even suppressed the firing of these neurones, an effect reversed by naloxone. In contrast, U-50,488, a kappa-opiate agonist, had no effect. When the slices were synaptically uncoupled by elevating the concentration of external magnesium, oxytocin still excited non-pyramidal neurones and DAGO still inhibited them. Thus, opiates and oxytocin exerted direct, opposite effects on the same population of neurones, which apparently bear mu-type receptors. An indirect action of opioids on the excitability of pyramidal cells was apparent and is probably mediated by the same interneurones, since the amplitude of the depolarizing component of the synaptic potential elicited by stimulation of Schaffer's collaterals was increased in the presence of DAGO. AURaggenbass M; Wuarin JP; Gahwiler BH ; Dreifuss JJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p392-6 MJEnkephalins /PD; Hippocampus; Oxytocin /PD MNEnkephalins /AI; Interneurons /DE; Oxytocin /AI; Pyrrolidines /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Endorphin /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.3.1.6 (Choline Acetyltransferase); EC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase); EC 4.1.1.15 (Glutamate Decarboxylase); 56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001687 TINeurotransmitter-related markers in the normal and experimentally lesioned telencephalon of the goldfish. ABThe telencephalon of teleost fish shows high affinity uptake for D-[3H]aspartate, intermediate levels of GABAergic markers and low levels of cholinergic enzymes. Experimental results (resection of the olfactory tracts or unilateral kainic acid administration in the telencephalon) suggest that: the projection from the olfactory bulbs to telencephalic targets is mediated by aspartate and/or glutamate; and a population of GABAergic neurons is present in a telencephalic area which is considered homologous to part of the striatal complex of land vertebrates. From the present results, it appears that the neurochemical approach can be used, in conjunction with neuroanatomical methods, to study evolutionary problems of telencephalic function. AUBissoli R; Contestabile A; Marotta L; Poli A; Migani P EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p397-401 MJCyprinidae; Goldfish; Neuroregulators; Olfactory Bulb; Telencephalon MNAcetylcholinesterase /ME; Aspartic Acid /ME; Choline Acetyltransferase /ME; Evolution; Glutamate Decarboxylase /ME; Neural Transmission MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.1.1.28 (Phenethanolamine N-Methyltransferase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001688 TISpecies-specific charge forms of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. ABIsoelectric points (pI) of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) from two species, cow and rat, were determined by chromatofocusing. Bovine PNMT has 5 different charge isozymes ranging from 5.4 to 6.2. In contrast, rat PNMT has only a single charge form of pI 4.8. There is no common isoelectric point of PNMT from both species and there is no tissue variation in the isoelectric point. AUPark DH; Joh TH EM8601 IDHL18974; MH24285 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p402-4 MJAdrenal Glands; Brain Stem; Isoenzymes; Phenethanolamine N-Methyltransferase MNCattle; Isoelectric Point; Rats; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.3.1.6 (Choline Acetyltransferase); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001689 TICholine acetyltransferase and glutamate uptake in the nucleus tractus solitarius and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus: effect of nodose ganglionectomy. ABUnilateral removal of the nodose ganglion resulted in a significant decrease in choline acetyltransferase activity in the ipsilateral dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus but was without effect on enzyme activity in the nucleus of the solitary tract. High affinity glutamate uptake in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and along the rostrocaudal extent of the nucleus of the solitary tract was not affected by nodose ganglionectomy. AUSimon JR; Dimicco SK; Dimicco JA; Aprison MH EM8601 IDNS 16205; NS 19883 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p405-8 MJCholine Acetyltransferase; Glutamates; Medulla Oblongata; Nodose Ganglion; Vagus Nerve MNRats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Vagotomy MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN24305-27-9 (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone); 51-52-5 (Propylthiouracil); 64-86-8 (Colchicine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001690 TIHypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-containing neurons involved in the hypothalamic-hypophysial-thyroid axis. Light microscopic immunohistochemistry. ABThe localization of neurons containing immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was examined in the hypothalamus of intact, propylthiouracil (PTU)-treated, and colchicine-treated adult rats. In intact animals, immunoreactive TRH neurons were occasionally found in the paraventricular and dorsomedial nuclei, and in the anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas. In PTU-treated animals, the cellular appearance of the hypothalamus with the exception of the paraventricular nucleus was almost similar to that of intact animals. In the paraventricular nucleus, only the cells localized in the periventricular and medial parvocellular subdivisions significantly increased in number and became hypertrophic in comparison with intact animals. The distribution of immunoreactive fibers in the hypothalamus was almost equal among the 3 animal groups with the exception of that in the median eminence, in which the fibers were most densely concentrated in intact animals, and most sparse in PTU-treated rats. The fibers projecting into the median eminence were distinguished into the periventricular and lateral pathways, which are derived from the neurons in the periventricular and medial parvocellular subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus, respectively. Thus, among immunoreactive TRH neurons in the hypothalamus, only those in the periventricular and medial parvocellular subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus may be involved in the hypothalamic-hypophysial-thyroid axis. AUNishiyama T; Kawano H; Tsuruo Y; Maegawa M; Hisano S; Adachi T; Daikoku S; Suzuki M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p205-18 MJHypothalamus; Hypothyroidism /ME; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone MNColchicine /PD; Hypothalamus /PA; Hypothyroidism /CI /PA; Organ Weight; Propylthiouracil; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Thyroid Gland /PA MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 50-67-9 (Serotonin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001691 TINeurochemical studies on the existence, origin and characteristics of the serotonergic innervation of small pial vessels. ABSubstantial concentrations of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), comparable to those found in brain tissue, were measured in the small pial vessels of the rat, rabbit and cat. Both rat and rabbit pial vessels exhibited a high affinity uptake process with kinetic parameters similar to those identified for the cerebral cortex. Labelled 5-HT, taken up by isolated rabbit pial vessels was released, in a calcium-dependent manner, by potassium-induced depolarization. Various pharmacological manipulations were carried out in the rat. Systemic administration of the 5-HT precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan and the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pargyline, significantly increased the concentration of 5-HT in the pial vessels; in contrast, two depleting agents (p-chloroamphetamine and reserpine) and the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine, all decreased the perivascular 5-HT levels. A serotonergic antagonist (methysergide) and a 5-HT receptor agonist (MK 212) respectively increased and decreased the concentrations of 5-HIAA in the pial vessels. These pharmacologically induced changes observed in pial vessels were not dissimilar from those noted for cortical tissue. Electrolytic lesions of the nuclei raphes medianus and/or dorsalis markedly decreased the levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in these small cerebral arterioles. Electrical stimulation of these nuclei decreased 5-HT although 5-HIAA concentrations tended to increase. A number of conclusions may be drawn from these studies. Thus, there is a serotonergic innervation of the cerebral circulation in several laboratory species which unequivocally originates in the raphe nuclei. Furthermore, these perivascular fibres possess synthetic, storage, release, inactivation and autoregulatory processes for 5-HT which, when further elucidated, may offer some rationale for the treatment of those cerebrovascular diseases in which this neurotransmitter and vasoactive agent is believed to be of pathological importance. AUScatton B; Duverger D; L'Heureux R; Serrano A; Fage D; Nowicki JP; MacKenzie ET EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p219-29 MJPia Mater; Serotonin /PH; Vasomotor System MNArterioles /AN /IR; Cats; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid /AN; Neural Transmission; Rabbits; Raphe Nuclei /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serotonin /AN; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male RN74913-18-1 (Dynorphin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001692 TICharacterization of proenkephalin B-derived opioid peptides in the human hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal axis. ABProenkephalin B-derived opioid peptides, such as dynorphin1-17, dynorphin1-8, dynorphin B, alpha-neo-endorphin and beta-neo-endorphin in the human hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal tract were quantitated and characterized by the combined use of various radioimmunoassays, gel filtration, high performance liquid chromatography and enzymatic cleavage. Chromatographic analysis of immuno-reactive peptide levels determined that, in each case, these were comprised almost exclusively of the authentic peptides both in the neurohypophysis and hypothalamus. Concentrations of authentic proenkephalin B-peptides were 100-5000-fold lower in the human as compared to the rat neurohypophysis. However, in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), supraoptic nucleus (SON) and certain other nuclei of the human hypothalamus concentrations of authentic peptides were found to be in the same range as those in the rat hypothalamus. The ratio of proenkephalin B-peptides in PVN and SON to those of the neurohypophysis in the rat was ca. 1:50. Conversely, in man these ratios were shown to be 80:1 for dynorphin B, 6:1 for alpha-neo-endorphin and 1:1 for all other peptides evaluated. Examination of postmortem degradation of peptides indicated that these lower levels in the neurohypophysis are not due to a higher rate of postmortem breakdown. Since levels of both vasopressin and beta-endorphin were very high, these deficits in proenkephalin B-peptides were selective and do not represent a generalized property of the human pituitary. Experiments involving enzymatic cleavage demonstrated the occurrence of higher molecular weight forms containing the Leu-enkephalin sequence which were not recognized by the antisera employed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUArendt RM; Seizinger BR; Pasi A; Mehraein P; Herz A EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p230-7 MJEndorphins; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System MNDynorphin /AN; Hypothalamus, Middle /AN; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus /AN; Pituitary Gland, Anterior /AN; Pituitary Gland, Posterior /AN; Protein Precursors /AN; Rats; Substantia Innominata /AN; Supraoptic Nucleus /AN MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human RN9007-73-2 (Ferritin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001693 TIDifferences in density and distribution of surface glycoconjugates between normal and dystrophic mouse Schwann cells detected by statistical analyses of lectin-ferritin binding. ABCultures of Schwann cells and neurons from dorsal root ganglia of normal (C57bl/6J +/+) and dystrophic (C57bl/6J dy2j/dy2j) mice were labeled with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA-I) conjugated to ferritin. Statistical methods were used to compare the regional densities and distribution characteristics of lectin binding in these two types of Schwann cells, which differ in their capacities to ensheath and myelinate axons in vivo and in cultures. Regional variations in lectin binding densities and distributions were observed in both types of Schwann cells. WGA-ferritin was bound at lower densities in dystrophic mouse Schwann cells than in corresponding regions of normal cells. In both normal and dystrophic cells, WGA-ferritin was distributed at greater densities on the free surfaces of Schwann cells than on the substrate-associated surfaces. WGA-ferritin was clustered in all regions of both normal and dystrophic mouse cells. RCA-ferritin densities did not differ significantly between corresponding regions of normal and dystrophic mouse Schwann cells. However, in normal mouse Schwann cells, the density of RCA-ferritin was significantly greater in the thinner, peripheral processes of Schwann cells than in thicker perinuclear regions of the cells. Differences in the degree of RCA-ferritin clustering were also detected between normal and dystrophic Schwann cells. These results indicate that regional differences in the density and distributions of cell surface glycoconjugates occur in Schwann cells of normal and dystrophic mice. AUCochran M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p238-50 MJMuscular Dystrophy, Animal; Schwann Cells MNCell Membrane /ME; Ferritin /ME; Ganglia, Spinal; Glycophorin /ME; Lectins /ME; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Tissue Culture MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001694 TIRat brain synthesizes two 'vitamin D-dependent' calcium-binding proteins. ABTwo proteins from rat brain reacting against anti-chick intestinal vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein were characterized in terms of their mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their molecular size. The proteins were present in the isolated cytoplasm and were produced following translation of brain mRNA in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Their apparent molecular weight was 29,000 and 27,000 daltons whereas rat kidney contained only one protein cross-reacting with this antiserum and with a molecular weight of 27,000 daltons. AUPochet R; Parmentier M; Lawson DE; Pasteels JL EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p251-6 MJCalcium-Binding Protein, Vitamin D-Dependent; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cerebellum /ME MNCalcium-Binding Protein, Vitamin D-Dependent /IP; Cell-Free System; Cerebellum /AN; Molecular Weight; RNA, Messenger /IP /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Translation, Genetic MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 465-65-6 (Naloxone); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 55-91-4 (Isoflurophate); 58-25-3 (Chlordiazepoxide); 59467-70-8 (midazolam); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001695 TIPharmacological studies on stress-induced renin and prolactin secretion: effects of benzodiazepines, naloxone, propranolol and diisopropyl fluorophosphate. ABStress-induced renin and prolactin secretion was investigated using a conditioned emotional response paradigm. Three minutes after placement in a chamber the rats received an electric shock to their feet via the grid floor, then were immediately returned to their home cage. This procedure was repeated for 3 consecutive days. On the fourth day, instead of receiving an electric shock, they were removed after 3 min and sacrificed by decapitation. Control rats were treated identically with the exception that shock was not administered at any time. There was a significant increase in plasma renin activity and prolactin level in the stressed rats. The administration of the antianxiety drugs chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg i.p.) or midazolam (0.125-2 mg/kg i.p.) blocked the stress-induced increase in prolactin levels but not the stress-induced rise in plasma renin activity. Administration of the beta-blocker propranolol (1 mg/kg i.p.) inhibited, but did not completely block, stress-induced rise in plasma-renin activity and had no effect on stress-induced prolactin secretion. The opiate antagonist naloxone (0.1-10 mg/kg i.p.) and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor diisopropyl fluorophosphate (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) did not block stress-induced renin or prolactin secretion. It is concluded that stress-induced prolactin secretion is regulated by a benzodiazepine-mediated mechanism and that stress-induced renin but not prolactin secretion is mediated in part via beta-receptors. AUVan de Kar LD; Lorens SA; Urban JH; Richardson KD; Paris J; Bethea CL EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p257-63 MJJuxtaglomerular Apparatus; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Prolactin; Renin; Stress, Psychological MNBenzodiazepines /DU; Chlordiazepoxide /DU; Isoflurophate /DU; Naloxone /DU; Propranolol /DU; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /PH; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine /PH MTAnimal; Male RN363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001696 TICombined electrophysiological, immunocytochemical and peptide release measurements in the hypothalamic slice. ABSagittal hypothalamic slices were prepared from cycling female guinea pigs and incubated for 10-12 h during which time intracellular recordings were made from 274 arcuate and cell-poor zone (ARC-CPZ) neurons. Many of the cells exhibited spontaneous activity and a small percentage could be driven antidromically via median eminence stimulation and orthodromically via stria terminalis stimulation. During the long-term recording, the effluent medium was collected in 30 of the experiments and radioimmunoassayed using a high-titer, conformational antisera for the peptide luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). The findings revealed that LH-RH is released in detectable amounts from slices prepared from a single hypothalamus, that the amount of LH-RH released is dependent on the stage of the cycle, and that it can be stimulated by known secretagogues like prostaglandin E2. Following the electrophysiological experiments, the slices were fixed and processed for immunocytochemistry using a specific antisera (EL-14) for LH-RH. LH-RH neurons were stained throughout the ARC-CPZ area with intense fiber staining in the median eminence. These findings demonstrate that the hypothalamic slice preparation can be utilized for combined electrophysiological, immunocytochemical and peptide release measurements. AUKelly MJ; Condon TP; Levine JE; Ronnekleiv OK EM8601 IDNS 18989; HD 16793 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p264-70 MJHypothalamus /PH; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone MNBrain Mapping; Estrus; Evoked Potentials; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Hypothalamus /CY; Immunochemistry; Median Eminence /PH; Neural Pathways /PH; Prostaglandins E /PD MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001697 TIEffect of tilt on the response of neuronal activity within the cat vestibular nuclei during slow and constant velocity rotation. ABThe responses of neurons sensitive to static tilt in the vestibular nuclei were examined in decerebrate cats during slow and constant velocity rotations about an axis tilted at various angles from the vertical. During any 360 degrees rotation, each unit showed a modulation of their firing rate, with a position-dependent maximum and minimum. Changes in amplitude of head displacement from 5 degrees to 25 degrees decreased the response gain of the units without affecting the locations of the discharge maxima and minima. AUChan YS; Cheung YM; Hwang JC EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p271-8 MJLabyrinth; Vestibular Nuclei MNBrain Mapping; Cats; Decerebrate State /PP; Electric Stimulation; Otolithic Membrane /PH; Posture; Rotation MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001698 TIThe effects of temperature on synaptic transmission in hippocampal tissue slices. ABFully submerged rat hippocampal tissue slices were exposed to temperature changes, and the effects on CA1 pyramidal cell electrophysiology studied. Raising the temperature from 29 to 33 or 37 degrees C simultaneously increased the focal-excitatory postsynaptic potentials and decreased the population spikes. These changes were largely reversible for slices warmed to 33 degrees C, but not for slices warmed to 37 degrees C. During warming transiently increased excitatory transmission was observed; the degree of increased transmission was related to the rate of temperature rise. It is postulated that neuronal membrane hyperpolarization with warming is responsible for several of the effects seen. AUSchiff SJ; Somjen GG EM8601 IDNS 18670 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p279-84 MJHippocampus MNMembrane Potentials; Neural Transmission; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Synapses /PH; Temperature MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 1199-18-4 (6-hydroxydopamine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 51-83-2 (Carbachol); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001699 TIRegional depletion of central nervous system catecholamines: effects on blood pressure and drinking behavior. ABThe purpose of the present study was to identify which catecholamine-containing neurons (norepinephrine (NE) or dopamine (DA)) and which central nervous system (CNS) region(s) innervated by them might participate in the pressor and drinking responses produced by central drug stimulation. Forebrain NE was reduced in rats by injecting 4 micrograms of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the ascending noradrenergic bundles. Spinal cord NE was depleted by intracisternal injection of 50 micrograms 6-OHDA. Depletion of forebrain DA was produced by bilateral injection of 4 micrograms 6-OHDA into the substantia nigra of desipramine-pretreated rats. Pressor responses to various doses of angiotensin II (AII), carbachol or hyperosmolar NaCl injected into the lateral ventricles (LVT); and drinking responses to LVT AII and carbachol were examined. Injection of 6-OHDA into the noradrenergic bundles reduced telencephalic and hypothalamic NE by more than 80% without significantly affecting brain DA or spinal cord NE. Intracisternal 6-OHDA depleted spinal cord NE by 80% and forebrain NE by 20-25% without reducing brain DA. Injection of 6-OHDA into the substantia nigra reduced telencephalic DA by 86% and NE by 29% without significantly affecting NE in other CNS regions. Substantia nigra 6-OHDA injected animals evidenced attenuated drinking to both LVT AII and carbachol. Pressor responses to LVT AII, carbachol and hypertonic saline were largely unaffected. Almost complete depletion of brain and/or spinal cord NE failed to alter centrally mediated drinking or pressor responses. These data indicate that the integrity of brain DA neurons is required for the behavioral but not hypertensive responses produced by central drug stimulation. AUGordon FJ; Brody MJ; Johnson AK EM8601 IDHLP-14388; HL-07121; GN-07069; + SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p285-97 MJBlood Pressure; Central Nervous System; Dopamine; Drinking Behavior; Norepinephrine; Vasomotor System MNAngiotensin II /PD; Carbachol /PD; Hydroxydopamines /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sodium Chloride /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN14930-96-2 (Cytochalasin B); 154-17-6 (Deoxyglucose); 51-28-5 (2,4-dinitrophenol); 60-81-1 (Phlorhizin); 60-82-2 (Phloretin); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001700 TITransport of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by dissociated brain cells. ABThe characteristics of glucose transport into dissociated cells from rat brain were determined using [1,2-3H]2-deoxyglucose as substrate. The rate of net uptake exhibited biphasic saturation kinetics with increasing substrate concentration; two values each for Km (8.85 and 1.05 mM) and Vmax (20.41 +/- 5.99 nmol/min/mg protein) were obtained, indicating the presence of two transport systems. D-glucose competed with [1,2-3H]2-deoxyglucose as shown by increasing degrees of inhibition of uptake of labeled substrate with increasing concentrations of D-glucose. The presence of an accelerative exchange mechanism was demonstrated by enhanced rates of uptake of labeled substrate by cells pre-loaded with high levels of unlabeled 2-deoxyglucose. Transport was inhibited by cytochalasin B, phloretin and phloridzin in a manner suggesting that the system is sodium-independent. Transport was also inhibited by sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide and dinitrophenol, but not by sodium arsenite or ouabain. Insulin status of the animals had no effect on the rate of transport of this substrate. Net transport was significantly lower in neonatal (4-day-old) rats than in either older sucklings (14-16-day-old) or adult animals; no significant difference between the latter two groups was observed. These findings demonstrate that two carrier-mediated systems for glucose transport are present on the membranes of these mixed brain cells suggesting that the kinetic characteristics of glucose transport may differ between neurons and glial cells. The age change in transport rate may reflect age-associated glial cell proliferation and/or an age-dependent increase in the number of transporters per cell in one brain cell type. AURoeder LM; Tildon JT; Williams IB EM8601 IDHD 16596 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p298-305 MJBrain; Deoxy Sugars; Deoxyglucose MNAge Factors; Cell Membrane Permeability /DE; Cytochalasin B /PD; Dinitrophenols /PD; Insulin /PH; Kinetics; Phloretin /PD; Phlorhizin /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-47-6 (Physostigmine); 61-33-6 (Penicillin G); 62-49-7 (Choline); 9005-80-5 (Inulin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001701 TIMuscarinic mobilization of choline in rat cerebral cortex does not involve alterations of blood-brain barrier. ABEfflux of choline from the rat cerebral cortex in vivo was investigated using the cup technique. After removal of the dura mater, the cup was placed on the cortex. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the cortex was separated from the cup solution (100-300 microliter) by basal lamina, pia mater, arachnoid (with discrete defects) and remainders of the subdural neurothelium. Two kinds of experiments were carried out to determine: efflux of unlabelled choline into the cup solution; and translocation of radioactivity from the plasma into the cup solution (via blood-brain barrier and leptomeningeal layers) during i.v. infusion of [3H]choline or [14C]inulin. The former process was highly temperature-sensitive in contrast to the latter. Penicillin-G-sodium, which is known to damage the blood-brain barrier, was added to the cup solution, enhanced efflux of unlabelled choline, and caused a 5-fold increase in the rates of translocation of radioactivity during infusion of either labelled choline or inulin. In contrast, physostigmine (3 X 10(-4) M, added to cup solution) failed to enhance 3H-translocation, but markedly facilitated the efflux of unlabelled choline; this effect was highly temperature-sensitive and was blocked by atropine. It is concluded that activation of muscarinic receptors enhanced the choline efflux from cortical tissue. This effect was caused by cellular mobilization of choline presumably through an action on the metabolism of phosphatidylcholine. The effect was not due to alterations in the translocation of choline from the plasma to the cup solution, i.e. through permeability changes in the blood-brain barrier and in the leptomeningeal 'barrier'.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBrehm R; Corradetti R; Krahn V; Loffelholz K ; Pepeu G EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p306-14 MJBlood-Brain Barrier; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Receptors, Muscarinic MNCerebral Cortex /UL; Inulin /PD; Microscopy, Electron; Penicillin G /PD; Physostigmine /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001702 TIBasal forebrain lesions produce a dissociation of trial-dependent and trial-independent memory performance. ABThe behavioral effects of lesions in the basal forebrain (BF) of rats were evaluated using two tasks. The BF lesions included both the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) and the medial septal area (MSA). The first task was a Stone maze, which has 14 consecutive choice points and is a task of complex, trial-independent memory. BF lesions did not impair choice accuracy in this task. The second task was a win-shift spatial discrimination in a radial arm maze, which requires trial-dependent memory. BF lesions produced a significant decrease in choice accuracy in this task. These results demonstrate that BF lesions impair trial-dependent (working) memory but not trial-independent reference memory, and that task difficulty is not the sole factor determining whether BF lesions produce behavioral impairments. AUKnowlton BJ; Wenk GL; Olton DS; Coyle JT EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p315-21 MJBasal Ganglia; Memory; Septum Pellucidum; Substantia Innominata MNBrain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex /PH; Cholinergic Fibers; Hippocampus /PH; Neural Pathways /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001703 TIAssembly of glial intermediate filament protein is initiated in the centriolar region. ABAssembly of glial intermediate filament protein (GFP) into intermediate filaments (IF) was first detected by immunofluorescence in the perinuclear region of astrocytes differentiating in colony cultures before the rest of the cytoplasm was labeled. Double labeling with antisera specific for centrioles indicated that this site corresponds to the centriolar region. These studies suggest that the centriolar region plays an important role in the assembly of some types of IF as well as microtubules. AUKalnins VI; Subrahmanyan L; Fedoroff S EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p322-6 MJAstrocytes; Centrioles; Cytoskeleton; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Intermediate Filaments MNFluorescent Antibody Technic; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-83-2 (Carbachol) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001704 TICholinergic modulation of mediodorsal thalamic input into cingulate cortex. ABField potentials in cingulate cortex (area 24) produced by electrical stimulation of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus were diminished by iontophoretic ejection of the cholinergic agonist, carbachol. The effect was frequency dependent: field potentials produced by 7.0 Hz stimulation were reduced by 34%. Potentials produced by 0.5 Hz stimulation were not significantly changed. This reduction was blocked by muscarinic but not nicotinic antagonists. AUSikes RW; Defrance JF EM8601 ID5R01MH31114 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p327-31 MJGyrus Cinguli; Receptors, Cholinergic; Thalamic Nuclei MNAfferent Pathways /PH; Carbachol /PD; Cholinergic Fibers /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Muscarinic /PH; Receptors, Nicotinic /PH MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001705 TIThe LH-RH-containing neuronal network in the preoptic area of the rat: demonstration of LH-RH-containing nerve terminals in synaptic contact with LH-RH neurons. ABThe existence of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH)-containing local neuronal network in the preoptic area of the rat was demonstrated by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. LH-RH-immunostained presynaptic boutons were observed in synaptic contact with LH-RH-immunoreactive dendrites and perikarya. AULeranth C; Segura LM; Palkovits M; MacLusky NJ; Shanabrough M; Naftolin F EM8601 IDHD13587 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p332-6 MJLH-FSH Releasing Hormone; Preoptic Area MNImmunoenzyme Technics; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Endings /ME; Preoptic Area /UL; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Synapses /UL MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001706 TICalmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase in rat retina and the response to dopamine. ABAdenylate cyclase activity from the rat neural retina was highly stimulated with Ca2+ and calmodulin. The retinal adenylate cyclase activity was also increased by dopamine, and the activation was not changed with or without Ca2+-calmodulin in fractions from the neural retina homogenate after sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The results suggest that the two regulation systems (i.e. dopamine and Ca2+-calmodulin) of adenylate cyclase in the rat retina appear to be independent. AUSano M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p337-40 MJAdenyl Cyclase; Calmodulin; Dopamine; Retina MNCalcium /PD; Enzyme Activation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001707 TISustained cerebral vasoconstriction during bilateral sympathetic stimulation in anesthetized rabbits. ABTemporal aspects of bilateral sympathetic nerve stimulation on cerebral blood flow (CBF) were examined in anesthetized rabbits (n = 7). CBF ranged from 32 to 50 ml/min per 100 g. Bilateral stimulation reduced blood flow by 17-31% to cerebrum, diencephalon-mesencephalon and cerebellum, and responses were constant between 2 and 6 min of stimulation. Sustained cerebral vasoconstriction is consistent with an important role for sympathetic nerves in the regulation of CBF. AUBusija DW EM8601 IDHL-30521; HL-30260 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p341-4 MJBrain; Vasoconstriction; Vasomotor System MNBlood Pressure; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Rabbits; Regional Blood Flow MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN41598-07-6 (prostaglandin D2); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 745-65-3 (Alprostadil) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001708 TIProstaglandins block a Ca2+-dependent slow spike afterhyperpolarization independent of effects on Ca2+ influx in visceral afferent neurons. ABThe blockade of a slow Ca2+-activated K+-dependent afterhyperpolarization (AHPs) in rabbit visceral sensory neurons by the prostaglandins, PGE1 and PGD2, was investigated to determine whether the blockade was indirectly due to a reduction in Ca2+ influx. The prostaglandins (PGs) could block the AHPs in the absence of any change in Ca2+-dependent spikes elicited in the presence of tetrodotoxin and tetraethylammonium bromide. A PG-induced decrease in Ca2+-dependent spike width observed in some neurons was temporally dissociated from the PG-induced block of the AHPs. In addition, a slow afterhyperpolarization produced by the application of the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, was blocked by the PGs. It is concluded that a reduction in Ca2+ influx is not responsible for the PG-induced blockade of the AHPs. AUFowler JC; Wonderlin WF; Weinreich D EM8601 IDNS-22069; ES-07094 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p345-9 MJCalcium; Nodose Ganglion; Prostaglandins; Vagus Nerve MNAction Potentials /DE; Alprostadil /PD; Calcium /ME; Cell Membrane Permeability /DE; Ion Channels /DE; Potassium /PH; Prostaglandins D /PD; Rabbits MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-83-2 (Carbachol) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001709 TIReceptor-mediated inositide hydrolysis is a neuronal response: comparison of primary neuronal and glial cultures. ABCholinergic and adrenergic receptor-stimulated inositide hydrolysis was studied in neuronal and glial cells cultured from brains of 1-day-old Wistar-Kyoto rats. Incubation of the cells with [3H]inositol led to the incorporation of radioactivity specifically into inositol phospholipids. Labeling of the membrane lipids reached a maximum in 2-3 days. Receptor-stimulated breakdown of inositides was determined by following the accumulation of inositol phosphates after incubation of the labeled cells for 60 min with carbachol or norepinephrine in the presence of 10 mM lithium. Carbachol (1 mM) stimulated inositol phosphate production in neurons 30 times higher than that seen in glia. The response stimulated by norepinephrine (75 microM) was 6 times higher in neurons than glia. The response to carbachol was blocked by atropine, and the norepinephrine-induced response was inhibited by prazosin suggesting that the receptors mediating the responses were muscarinic and alpha 1-adrenergic, respectively. These results suggest that muscarinic cholinergic and alpha 1-adrenergic stimulated inositide hydrolysis is primarily a neuronal response and that this biochemical event may be important for transmembrane signaling which occurs during neurotransmission. AUGonzales RA; Feldstein JB; Crews FT; Raizada MK EM8601 IDAA-06069; HL33610; NS19441; + SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p350-5 MJBrain; Phosphoinositides; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha; Receptors, Muscarinic MNCarbachol /PD; Cells, Cultured; Neuroglia /ME; Neurons /ME; Norepinephrine /PD; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001710 TIThe pituitary inhibitory system: its role in pain perception. ABThe present study was designed to investigate the pain relief mechanism of electrical stimulation to the pituitary and the relationship between hypothalamic and pituitary analgesic mechanism through the observation of monkey behavior and characteristics of tooth pulp-evoked potentials. The results suggest that pituitary-stimulating analgesia should be differentiated from hypothalamic-stimulating effect. In view of the facts, the theory of the Pituitary Inhibitory System is proposed. AUYanagida H; Corssen G; Trouwborst A; Erdmann W EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p356-61 MJAnalgesia; Pain; Pituitary Gland MNBrain Mapping; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Hypothalamus, Middle /PP; Macaca mulatta; Somatosensory Cortex /PP; Thalamic Nuclei /PP; Toothache /PP MTAnimal RN9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001711 TILH-RH in the rat and mouse hypothalamus and rat hypophysial portal blood: confirmation of identity by high performance liquid chromatography. ABThe nature of the immunoreactive (IR) form of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in rat hypophysial portal vessel blood and in extracts of hypothalamus from rats and normal and hypogonadal (hpg) mice was investigated using high performance liquid chromatography and two highly specific anti-LH-RH sera. In rat hypophysial portal blood and in hypothalamic extracts from rats and normal mice a single immunoreactive peak was present which corresponded in retention time to synthetic LH-RH. No LH-RH-IR was detected in hypothalamic extracts from the hpg strain of mouse. AUSheward WJ; Harmar AJ; Fink G EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p362-5 MJHypogonadism /ME; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothalamus; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone MNChromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Hypogonadism /FG; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone /BL; Mice, Mutant Strains; Mice; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001712 TIAge-related dendritic growth in dentate gyrus of human brain is followed by regression in the 'oldest old'. ABDendritic extent in dentate gyrus granule cells of normal aging human brain was found to increase between middle age (fifties) and early old age (seventies). However, dendritic regression was found in the oldest old (nineties). This finding of dendritic regression following growth is in contrast to previous quantitative reports of continued dendritic growth in parahippocampal gyrus of aging human brain. This new result reinforces the concept of age and region specificity in changes in dendritic extent. AUFlood DG; Buell SJ; Defiore CH; Horwitz GJ; Coleman PD EM8601 IDAG 02680; AG 01121 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p366-8 MJAging; Hippocampus MNAdult; Aged; Atrophy; Dendrites; Middle Age MTComparative Study; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN30525-89-4 (paraform); 50-00-0 (Formaldehyde); 50-37-3 (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 749-02-0 (Spiperone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001713 TICharacterization of specific binding sites labeled by [3H]LSD in coronal sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed rat brain. ABSpecific, high-affinity binding of [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in coronal sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed rat brain is described. Intracardiac perfusion of paraformaldehyde selectively altered 40% of the total binding sites normally labeled by [3H]LSD in unfixed sections. Competition by unlabeled LSD and serotonin (5-HT) was not altered by the fixation procedure. Competition by spiperone, however, revealed that the fixation procedure preferentially altered sites for which spiperone has high affinity. This technique should facilitate the combination of neuroanatomical techniques such as radioautography and immunocytochemistry. AUBeck SG; Azmitia EC EM8601 IDDA-01875; DA-07135 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p369-73 MJBrain; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide MNAutoradiography; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Fixatives; Formaldehyde; Polymers; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serotonin /ME; Spiperone /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001714 TIMonoclonal antibodies raised against Lewy bodies in brains from subjects with Parkinson's disease. ABMonoclonal antibodies which immunocytochemically label Lewy bodies on sections of substantia nigra from subjects with Parkinson's disease were produced by immunization of mice with substantia nigra and locus coeruleus containing Lewy bodies from parkinsonian subjects post-mortem. Tests of specificity indicate that the antibodies do not recognize the same antigen. One of the antibodies (G7) immunocytochemically labels only Lewy bodies, the other (G9) also faintly labels the cell bodies of nigral dopaminergic neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells in both normal and parkinsonian brains. Absorption experiments show, however, that the G7 antigen is present in normal substantia nigra and the G9 antigen in normal substantia nigra and Purkinje cells. Neither of the antibodies seems to be directed against neurofilament protein. Immunoblots after two-directional electrophoresis indicate that antibody G7 labels a protein with an iso-electric point around 5.6 and a mol. wt. of approximately 40 kdalton, whereas the protein labeled by antibody G9 has an iso-electric point of near 8 and a mol. wt. above 70 kdalton. AUHirsch E; Ruberg M; Dardenne M; Portier MM; Javoy-Agid F; Bach JF; Agid Y EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p374-8 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Cellular Inclusions; Parkinson Disease; Substantia Nigra MNImmunoenzyme Technics; Locus Coeruleus /IM; Purkinje Cells /IM MTHuman RNEC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase); 9009-86-3 (Ricin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001715 TIToxic ricin demonstrates a dual dental projection. ABToxic ricin was used to study the central distribution of dental afferents in the cat. Following intrapulpal ricin injections ganglion cell degeneration is seen in the II and III ganglion divisions. Central argyrophilic degeneration occurs in the dorsal portion of all ipsilateral trigeminal nuclei. Ventral degeneration is seen in the pars interpolaris and pars caudalis. No contralateral degeneration was observed. The results are discussed with regard to previous studies of the central location of dental afferents. AUJohnson LR; Westrum LE; Henry MA; Canfield RC EM8601 IDDE 04942; NS 09678; NS 07144; + SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p379-83 MJDental Pulp; Trigeminal Nerve; Trigeminal Nuclei MNCats; Horseradish Peroxidase; Neuroanatomy /MT; Neurons, Afferent; Ricin; Semilunar Ganglion /AH; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus /AH MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN56-12-2 (GABA); 56-40-6 (Glycine); 56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001716 TIStimulated release of endogenous GABA and glycine from the goldfish retina. ABThe release of endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine from the isolated goldfish retina, measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), was Ca2+-independent when evoked by L-glutamate or L-aspartate and partially Ca2+-dependent when evoked by 50 mM K+. D-Aspartate potentiated GABA and glycine release evoked by L-glutamate and inhibited that evoked by L-aspartate. These data are similar to those reported for radiolabeled GABA and glycine. However, the relative amount released compared to the total amino acid content in the retina was much less (10%) for the endogenous compounds. We suggest that results obtained with [3H]GABA and [3H]glycine can be generalized in a qualitative manner to their endogenous counterparts in goldfish retina. AUYazulla S; Cunningham J; Neal M EM8601 IDEY 01682 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p384-8 MJCyprinidae; GABA; Glycine; Goldfish; Retina MNAspartic Acid /PD; Calcium /PD; Glutamates /PD; Magnesium /PD; Potassium /PD; Stereoisomers MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001717 TIRats prefer ambient temperatures out of phase with their body temperature circadian rhythm. ABRats placed in thermally graded enclosures cyclically selected ambient temperatures about 195 degrees out of phase with the circadian variations of their hypothalamic temperature. This finding cannot be explained by the generally accepted assumption that body temperature circadian rhythm is due to a cyclic shift of the set-point temperature. AUBriese E EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p389-93 MJBody Temperature Regulation; Circadian Rhythm MNBody Temperature; Environment; Hypothalamus /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Temperature MTAnimal; Male RN30364-55-7 (N-succinimidyl propionate) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001718 TIRapid retrograde transport of proteins in sensory neurons in rats. ABTwenty-four hours following the injection of N-succinimidyl[2,3-3H]propionate into rat sciatic nerve, labeled protein appeared in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia. Autoradiography showed that the labeled proteins were found only in neuronal cell bodies. Gel electrophoresis showed a distinct pattern of rapidly retrogradely transported proteins were accumulating in the DRG cells. This is the first demonstration of the rapid retrograde transport of endogenous axonal proteins in mammalian peripheral nerve. AUFink DJ; Purkiss D; Mata M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p394-7 MJAxoplasmic Flow; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Peripheral Nerves MNAutoradiography; Neurons, Afferent /ME; Propionates; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001719 TIA Golgi and morphometric study of the ectopic granule cells in the molecular layer of the rat cerebellum. ABThe morphological types of isolated ectopic granule cells (EGCs) were examined with Golgi-Rio Hortega staining in the cerebellar molecular layer of adult normal rats. The EGCs showed a significant reduction in the number of dendrites (mean 2.42 +/- 0.07) with respect to the controls (mean 3.97 +/- 0.09), and they usually exhibited poorly developed dendritic terminals. The karyometric analysis on semithin sections indicated that the average nuclear area in EGCs was significantly smaller (16.62 +/- 0.20 micron 2) than in normally positioned granule cells (21.08 +/- 0.24 micron 2). AULafarga M; Berciano MT EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p398-401 MJCerebellar Cortex MNCell Movement; Cell Nucleus /UL; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male RN57-13-6 (Urea) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001720 TIDistribution of osmosensitive cells in the preoptic and adjacent regions of cat brains. ABThe response of neurons in the preoptic and adjacent regions of the brain to intracarotid injection of hyperosmotic solutions was studied in 22 anesthetized cats. NaCl (0.5 M) caused a brisk acceleration of frequency lasting over 100 s in 120 of 207 units (58%). Glucose (2 M) and sucrose (2 M) had similar but smaller effects, and urea (2 M) was ineffective. Responding units were found in all parts of the preoptic region, the diagonal band of Broca (vertical limb), the lateral septal nucleus, nucleus accumbens and anterior hypothalamus. AUHubbard JI; Mills RG; Sirett NE EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p402-5 MJHypothalamus, Anterior; Septal Nuclei; Water-Electrolyte Balance MNBrain Mapping; Cats; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic; Hippocampus /PH; Hypertonic Solutions; Neural Pathways; Preoptic Area /PH; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Urea /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 521-18-6 (Stanolone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001722 TISynaptogenic effects of neonatal estradiol treatment in rat superior cervical ganglia. ABNeonatal rats treated with testosterone propionate or 17-beta-estradiol during the first two postnatal weeks have more neurons and synapses in their superior cervical ganglia (SCGs) at 15 days of age than do vehicle-treated littermates. To determine whether a non-aromatizable androgen would similarly increase the number of SCG synapses, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was injected into male rats beginning on the day of birth. The animals were sacrificed on postnatal day 15 and the SCGs removed on postnatal day 15. Counts of synapses showed no difference in the number of synapses between control and DHT-treated animals. These results suggest that the actions of testosterone to increase the numbers of SCG synapses may be via aromatization to estradiol. An additional study was done to determine whether the additional synapses formed in SCGs of animals treated with estradiol arise from neurons whose axons are in the cervical sympathetic trunk or from intrinsic neurons, i.e., SIF cells or other principal ganglion neurons. Neonatal males were injected with 17-beta-estradiol or vehicle beginning on the day of birth and continuing until the time of sacrifice on day 15. The number of intrinsic synapses formed under control and estradiol treatments was determined in SCGs of animals whose extrinsic synapses were caused to degenerate by severing the cervical sympathetic trunk bilaterally on postnatal day 13, two days before sacrifice. The total number of synapses (extrinsic plus intrinsic) in the ganglion after vehicle or estradiol treatment was determined in unoperated animals and used to calculate the number of extrinsic synapses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUWright LL; Smolen AJ EM8601 IDNS21577 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p161-5 MJAnimals, Newborn; Estradiol /PD; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Synapses MNCell Count; Estradiol /AD; Neurons /DE; Rats; Stanolone /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN320-67-2 (Azacytidine); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001723 TIEffects of altered gliogenesis on activity-dependent K+ accumulation in the developing rat optic nerve. ABGliogenesis in the rat optic nerve is disrupted by neonatal treatment with the mitotic inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-AZ). The rate of myelination and number of glial cells are markedly reduced in treated animals. We analyzed the physiological consequences of these chemically induced morphological alterations in terms of activity-dependent K+ accumulation in brain extracellular space and characteristics of the compound action potential (CAP). Nerves from 5-AZ-treated animals older than 5 days of age showed significantly higher activity-dependent 'ceiling levels' of extracellular K+ concentration ( [K+]o) than controls. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that glial cells are involved in K+ homeostasis at a cellular level and play a role in helping to set the ceiling level of activity-dependent K+ accumulation. The CAPs of 5-AZ-treated nerves older than 5 days of age were larger and generally of simpler configuration than those observed in control animals, perhaps due, among other factors, to the retained uniformity of axonal conduction velocity caused by inhibition of myelination. AUYamate CL; Ransom BR EM8601 IDNS 15589; NS 00473 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p167-73 MJNeuroglia; Optic Nerve; Potassium MNAction Potentials /DE; Age Factors; Azacytidine /PD; Cell Count; Cell Division /DE; Electric Stimulation; Neuroglia /ME; Optic Nerve /ME /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Reaction Time MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (alpha-albumin); 7004-03-7 (Valine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001724 TIPrimary cultures from defined brain areas; effects of seeding time on cell growth, astroglial content and protein synthesis. ABThe influence of seeding time on cell growth, astroglial content and on protein synthesis during cultivation was determined in primary cultures from 3 phylogenetically different brain areas from rat cerebral cortex, striatum and brainstem. Brainstem cultivated from 17-day-old embryos and all the cultures studied from the 3 brain areas of newborn and 7-day-old rat showed a similar increase in total and water-soluble protein during cultivation. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp, alpha-albumin) levels increased with age in all cultures studied. There was a rapid increase in GFAp (alpha-albumin) between 1 and 2 weeks in cultures from newborn and between 2 and 3 weeks in brainstem cultures from 17-day-old embryos, these increases being slower thereafter. Incorporation of [3H]valine into soluble protein was lower in 3-week-old cultures than in 1- and 2-week-old cultures derived from newborn and 7-day-old rat brain. The incorporation rates were similar in comparisons of the various cultures. Similar results were obtained from embryonic cultures, although the decrease in incorporation rate was between 3 and 4 weeks. The efficiency of incorporation (% TCA-precipitated material/total [3H]activity) was higher in 2- and 3-week-old than in 1-week-old cultures from newborn and 7-day-old rats and in 3- and 4-week-old cultures of brainstem from 17-day-old rat embryos. These findings suggest a cell differentiation during cultivation. The results show that seeding time has a variable influence on cultures from the different brain areas studied concerning cell growth, astroglial content and probably differentiation during cultivation. Embryonic cell cultures seem, in general, to develop one week later than neonatal and postnatal ones. Cultures of newborn rat cells from cerebral cortex, striatum and brainstem show many similarities in the above parameters during cultivation. This is also the case for brainstem cultures from embryonic rat. AUHansson E; Ronnback L ; Lowenthal A; Noppe M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p175-85 MJAstrocytes /ME; Brain /ME; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Tissue Culture MNAlbumins /BI; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes /CY; Brain Stem /ME; Brain /CY; Cell Division; Cerebral Cortex /ME; Corpus Striatum /ME; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein /BI; Rats; Tissue Culture /MT; Valine /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001725 TIPrimary cultures from defined brain areas; effects of seeding time on the development of beta-adrenergic- and dopamine-stimulated cAMP-activity during cultivation. ABThe influence of seeding time on the expression of beta-adrenergic- and dopamine-stimulated cAMP activity was studied in primary astroglial cultures from various brain areas. In all cultures isoproterenol (10(-7)-10(-5) M) caused an increased cAMP accumulation with time in culture. In brainstem cultures from 17-day-old embryos there was a decreased intracellular cAMP accumulation between 3 and 4 weeks. In all newborn rats and in striatal cultures from 7-day-postnatal rats there was a similar decrease between 2 and 3 weeks. These changes are discussed and interpreted as a differentiation of the cells concerning beta-receptors. The most prominent cAMP accumulation caused by isoproterenol was found in striatal cultures from newborn rat. Although isoproterenol and noradrenaline both caused intracellular cAMP accumulation, isoproterenol was the most effective. There was a cAMP accumulation specific to dopamine (10(-6)-10(-4)M) in 2-week-old striatal cultures from newborn rat, although there was an interaction with beta-adrenergic receptors. In the other cultures studied there was only a very small dopamine stimulation of cAMP. The expression of this heterogeneity among astroglial primary cultures from various brain areas seems to be influenced by the genetic program for cellular maturation and by specific cellular contacts in vivo until seeding and in culture. AUHansson E EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p187-92 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Astrocytes /ME; Brain; Dopamine; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta MNAnimals, Newborn; Astrocytes /CY; Brain Stem /ME; Brain /ME; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex /ME; Corpus Striatum /ME; Isoproterenol /PD; Norepinephrine /PD; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN542-32-5 (2-Aminoadipic Acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001726 TIGangliosides in postmitotic retina of chick embryo: changes in vivo and in cell cultures. ABDevelopmental changes in ganglioside composition of postmitotic neural retina of chick embryo were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. Gangliosides were identified by comparing their chromatographic mobilities with reference standards. The outstanding changes are decrease in the concentration of GD3L and increase in GD1a and GM1 concentrations. By depleting Muller glia cells from retina tissue of 13- and 16-day embryos (R13, R16) we determined that the bulk of the major gangliosides is associated with the neurons. Analysis of gangliosides in monolayer cultures of R13 and R16 cells highly enriched for Muller cell-derived gliocytes indicated that these cells express the same types of gangliosides as neurons, but in somewhat different concentrations and relative proportions; however, after time in culture these cells showed ganglioside types and changes in ganglioside profile that are not characteristic of normal retina. The latter observation is consistent with other evidence that the phenotype of Muller glia cells becomes altered in monolayer culture. In contrast to cultures of early embryonic retina, in organ cultures of later postmitotic retina, ganglioside composition did not continue to change as in normal development. This suggests that in postmitotic retina, normal developmental progression of ganglioside changes requires systemic and/or other conditions which are missing or altered when this tissue is isolated and cultured in vitro. AULanda CA; Moscona AA EM8601 IDHD01253; TW03169 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p193-202 MJGangliosides; Mitosis; Neurons; Retina MN2-Aminoadipic Acid /PD; Age Factors; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Mitosis /DE; Neuroglia /ME; Organ Culture; Retina /GD; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001727 TITransient patterns of acetylcholinesterase activity in visual cortex of the rat: normal development and the effects of neonatal monocular enucleation. ABThis paper describes the normal development and disappearance of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in layer IV of rat visual cortex and the effects of neonatal monocular enucleation on this transient pattern of AChE activity. Subjects were laboratory-born male or female Long-Evans rats. Some animals underwent monocular enucleation within 6 h of birth. Animals were sacrificed at various ages and AChE activity was detected histochemically in tissue sections. AChE activity is first detectable histochemically in visual cortex area 17 as a fine fiber-like plexus in layer IV at about 7 postnatal days of age. The intensity of the staining increases during the second postnatal week and reaches peak intensity at days 12-14. The intensity of the AChE staining in layer IV of area 17 appears to decrease during the third postnatal week and the dense AChE band disappears by postnatal day 21. The distribution of AChE in layer IV of area 17 corresponds closely to the field of termination of geniculocortical projections and the fiber-like pattern of AChE activity resembles the appearance of an axonal terminal field. Neonatal monocular enucleation results in a marked decrement in the spatial extent of the AChE activity in layer IV of cortical area 17. The AChE-positive plexus is lost in the medial regions of area 17 contralateral to the enucleated eye. AChE activity remains in the lateral part of area 17, probably corresponding to that part of area 17 innervated by secondary projections from the intact ipsilateral eye. The functional role of this transient AChE activity is unknown. The present data suggest that AChE activity is characteristic of geniculocortical axon terminals during the period of time in which they are establishing functional connections with postsynaptic sites in cortex. AURobertson RT; Tijerina AA; Gallivan ME EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p203-14 MJAcetylcholinesterase; Sensory Deprivation; Visual Cortex MNAnimals, Newborn /GD; Brain Chemistry; Histocytochemistry; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors; Visual Cortex /GD /PH MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001728 TIGrowth-related features of lobster neuromuscular terminals. ABNeuromuscular terminals of the low-output type formed by the single excitor axon to the limb distal accessory flexor muscle in the lobster Homarus americanus were studied with serial section electron microscopy. This type of innervation was compared between a small and a large lobster where a two-fold difference in mean quantal content of synaptic transmission was found. Several growth-related changes in the fine structure of these low-output synaptic terminals were seen. First, there was a proliferation of multiterminal innervation consisting of an increase in the number of nerve terminals, synapses and presynaptic dense bars between the small and large lobster. Also the mean surface area of the synapses increased significantly in the large compared to the small lobster. Second, synapses possessed distinct areas of non-specialized membrane or perforations which showed a growth-related increase in their number per synapse between small and large lobsters. Such perforations also occurred in the high-output synapses but only amongst the larger synapses of the older lobster. It is proposed that these perforations subdivided synapses into smaller functional units for membrane recycling as they provide a ready source of non-synaptic axolemma for nearby active sites (dense bars). Third, the branch point between subsidiary and principal terminals as well as the ending of a terminal is composed of synaptic membrane which is presumably involved respectively in the sprouting and elongation of nerve terminals during growth. Altogether these observations signify both qualitative and quantitative changes in identified neuromuscular terminals with growth. AUPearce J; Govind CK; Meiss DE EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p215-28 MJLobsters; Motor Neurons; Muscles; Neuromuscular Junction MNBody Weight; Electrophysiology; Lobsters /PH; Motor Neurons /UL; Muscles /IR /UL; Neuromuscular Junction /UL; Neuroregulators /ME; Synapses /PH /UL MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-89-5 (Thymidine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001729 TICell proliferation during postnatal development of the retina in the mouse. ABCell proliferation was studied in the developing mouse retina by autoradiography following injection of [3H]thymidine. In 1-day-old mice, the duration of the phases of the cell-division cycle was investigated in ventricular cells, the mitotically active precursors of postmitotic cells that comprise the neural retina. In the center of the retina, the generation time (T) was 30 h, consisting of 8.5 h G1 phase, 16.0 h S phase, 2.6 h (minimum) G2 phase, and 2.5 h mitosis. In the periphery, T was 28.5 h; G1, 7.5 h; S, 16.0 h; minimum G2, 2.6 h; and mitosis, 2 h. As embryogenesis proceeds, the mitotic cycle decelerates. In contrast with postembryonic cell populations (in which G2, S and M tend to be invariable), all phases of the cycle increase in duration, and most become longer than is commonly observed in mature animals. Approx. 18 generations of ventricular cells are produced. However, throughout the stage of multiplication, some cells cease dividing and differentiate. In 1-day-old mice, 23% of ventricular cells in the center of the retina and 37% in the periphery remain mitotically active. DNA synthesis ceases on the 6th day in the center and the 11th day in the periphery. AUYoung RW EM8601 IDEY 00095 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p229-39 MJAnimals, Newborn; Retina MNAutoradiography; Cell Count; Cell Division; Cell Survival; DNA Replication; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Mitosis; Retina /GD; Thymidine /ME; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001730 TIChanges in nuclear envelope invaginations in axotomized immature and mature hamster facial motoneurons. ABIn this study, changes in the amount of nuclear envelope invaginations (NEI) were quantitatively assessed after axotomy during the late nuclear maturation stages (15, 20 and 25 days postnatal age) and in the adult (100-day-old) hamster facial motoneurons. These changes were expressed as boundary density or BA (length of nuclear envelope per unit area of nucleus). Absolute nuclear areas and perimeters were also estimated after axotomy at these ages. At 1/2 and 1 day after axotomy, no differences in the above parameters were noted at any of the operative ages. At 4 days postoperative, the peak of chromatolysis for all these ages, axotomy resulted in significant decreases in BA and nuclear perimeter in the immature neurons and no changes in BA and nuclear perimeter in the adult neurons. In addition, 4 days after axotomy at 20 days postnatal and later ages, pronounced increases in nuclear area occurred. These quantitative results are interpreted as evidence that the accelerated loss of NEI after axotomy during the final stages of nuclear maturation in these neurons is related to the formation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) or Nissl substance. The hypothesis that an 'excess' of RER is accumulated during the late maturation stages and may account for the lack of NEI in the adult axotomized facial motoneuron is presented. AUJones KJ; LaVelle A EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p241-9 MJAging; Facial Muscles /IR; Motor Neurons /UL; Nuclear Membrane /UL MNFacial Muscles /GD; Hamsters; Mesocricetus; Motor Neurons /PH; Nuclear Membrane /PH; Sensory Deprivation /PH; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN147-94-4 (Cytarabine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001731 TICatecholaminergic fiber sprouting in granuloprival coeruleo-cerebellar cultures. ABNeonatal mouse coeruleo-cerebellar explants exposed to cytosine arabinoside to destroy granule cell precursors demonstrated sprouting of catecholaminergic fibers after 15 days in vitro. Levels of dopamine in granuloprival coeruleo-cerebellar cultures were more than twice those of control cultures. As granuloprival cerebellar cultures also demonstrate Purkinje cell axon collateral sprouting, the granuloprival coeruleo-cerebellar system, in which there is sprouting of two different neuronal groups, may provide a model to investigate the nature and specificity of the signal or signals that induce axonal sprouting. AUSeil FJ; Tiekotter KL; Woodward WR EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p251-5 MJCatecholamines; Cerebellum; Locus Coeruleus; Nerve Fibers /PH MNAnimals, Newborn; Brain Chemistry /DE; Cerebellum /ME; Cytarabine /PD; Dopamine /ME; Histocytochemistry; Locus Coeruleus /ME; Mice; Nerve Fibers /ME; Organ Culture; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 56-12-2 (GABA); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001733 TIGrowth cones isolated from developing rat forebrain: uptake and release of GABA and noradrenaline. ABA growth cone-enriched fraction isolated from neonatal rat forebrain was shown to accumulate gamma-amino [3H]butyric acid ([3H]-GABA) and [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA). Uptake of both neurotransmitters was sodium- and temperature-dependent and exhibited saturation kinetics with Km values of 17.7 microM and 4.5 microM respectively and Vmax values of 114 pmol/min/mg protein and 59 pmol/min/mg protein respectively. Electron microscopic autoradiography showed that about 50% of isolated growth cones can accumulate [3H]GABA. Inhibitor studies showed that beta-alanine was a relatively weak inhibitor of [3H]GABA uptake compared to nipecotic acid and diamino-butyric acid. Growth cone fractions preloaded with [3H]GABA and [3H]NA demonstrated a K+ (25 mM) -induced release of both neurotransmitters. Of the K+-stimulated release of [3H]GABA 50% was Ca2+-dependent, whereas the release of [3H]NA was entirely Ca2+-independent. AULockerbie RO; Gordon-Weeks PR; Pearce BR EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p265-75 MJBrain /ME; GABA /ME; Neurons; Norepinephrine MNAnimals, Newborn; Autoradiography; Brain /GD; Chromatography, Thin Layer; GABA /AI; Kinetics; Potassium /ME; Proteins /ME; Rats; Subcellular Fractions /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001734 TIFunctional maturation of the oligodendrocytes and myelin basic protein expression in the olfactory bulb of the mouse. ABThe timing of myelin basic protein (MBP) expression and myelin component synthesis by the oligodendrocytes of the olfactory bulb was investigated in the mouse. Immunostaining with an anti-MBP immunoserum and a radioimmunoassay determination of MBP allowed to study the timing of MBP deposition during the development in this structure. Immunostaining of dissociated cells with anti-MBP and anti-galactosylceramide (anti-GC) was used to determine the state of development when these markers become expressed by olfactory bulb oligodendrocytes. Investigations using dissociated cells showed that GC-positive oligodendrocytes are already detected 3 days after birth in the olfactory bulb of the mouse and MBP is expressed 4 days later. Myelinated fibers were not visible on cryostat sections of olfactory bulb before 8 days postnatal. This work has been initiated by observations on the timing of myelination of olfactory bulb oligodendrocytes in transplantation experiments. AUJacque CM; Collet A; Raoul M; Monge M; Gumpel M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p277-82 MJCerebrosides; Encephalitogenic Basic Proteins; Galactosylceramides; Neuroglia; Olfactory Bulb /GD; Oligodendroglia MNAge Factors; Cell Count; Cell Differentiation; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Olfactory Bulb /CY /ME; Radioimmunoassay; Stains and Staining MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-89-5 (Thymidine); 9007-49-2 (DNA); 958-74-7 (methylthymidine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001735 TIEffect of intrauterine growth retardation on developmental changes in DNA and [14C]thymidine metabolism in different regions of rat brain: histological and biochemical correlations. ABIntrauterine growth retardation was induced in the rat by clamping the uterine artery on day 17 of gestation. The effect of hypotrophy on DNA synthesis was studied in two different cerebral structures: hippocampus and cerebellum. Accumulation of DNA in these structures was biochemically measured in parallel to the incorporation of methyl-[14C]thymidine into nucleic acid at different ages and correlated with autoradiography. The various metabolites of thymidine in acid-soluble fraction were determined by using chromatographic procedures. Phosphorylation defects or reduced utilization of thymidine were found in hypotrophic rats and may delay the DNA synthesis. An essay of catch-up occurred with a different timing according to the cerebral region studied. A morphological and DNA synthesis. An essay of catch-up occurred with a different timing according to the cerebral region studied. A morphological and autoradiographic study after incorporation of [3H]thymidine was carried out in parallel. The neuronal and glial components of cytogenesis were analyzed separately and a good correlation was observed between histological and biochemical data in both groups of animals. AUChanez C; Privat A; Flexor MA; Drian MJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p283-92 MJCerebellum /PP; DNA; Fetal Growth Retardation; Hippocampus /PP; Thymidine MNAutoradiography; Cerebellum /GD /ME; Fetal Development; Fetal Growth Retardation /PP; Hippocampus /GD /ME; Neuroglia /PP; Neurons /PP; Organ Weight; Pregnancy; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spinal Cord /PP; Thymidine /ME; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001736 TISurvival of the ganglion cell population in the rabbit retina following neonatal visual cortex ablation. ABUnilateral visual cortex ablations in neonatal rabbits produced no detectable loss of ganglion cells in the contralateral retina following a survival period of 3, 4 or 8 months. Analysis of neuron size distributions and neuron densities from whole-mounted retinas indicate that transneuronal retrograde degeneration does not occur in the rabbit following neonatal visual cortex removal. The results support the hypothesis that axon collaterals play a role in retinal ganglion cell survival in neonatally operated animals. The paradoxical relationship between functional sparing and ganglion cell survival is discussed. AUWilkes M; Zingaro G; Murphy EH EM8601 IDEY 02488 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p293-7 MJCerebral Decortication; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Retina; Visual Cortex MNAnimals, Newborn; Cell Count; Cell Survival; Nerve Degeneration; Rabbits; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.3.1.6 (Choline Acetyltransferase); EC 4.1.1.15 (Glutamate Decarboxylase); 115-09-3 (methylmercuric chloride) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001737 TIMethylmercury poisoning of the developing nervous system in the rat: decreased activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase in cerebral cortex and neostriatum. ABThe specific activities of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were measured in 6 regions of the central nervous system in young rats, following chronic postnatal administration of methylmercuric chloride. These rats exhibited signs of neurological impairment which included visual deficits, ataxia, spasticity and myoclonus. At the onset of neurological impairment, there was a significant reduction in GAD activity in the occipital cortex (43%), frontal cortex (37%) and caudate-putamen (42%). Preceding the onset of neurological impairment, diminished GAD activity was detected only in the occipital cortex. In the cerebellum, thalamus and spinal cord, GAD activities were normal throughout the experiment. No significant differences in ChAT activity were detected in any of the 6 regions. These results are consistent with a preferential involvement of GABAergic neurons in methylmercury-induced lesions of the cerebral cortex and neostriatum. AUO'Kusky JR; McGeer EG EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p299-306 MJBrain Chemistry; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Methylmercury Compounds MNAge Factors; Body Weight /DE; Choline Acetyltransferase /ME; Organ Weight /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN302-79-4 (Tretinoin); 362-74-3 (Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001738 TIEffect of retinoic acid on growth and morphological differentiation of mouse NB2a neuroblastoma cells in culture. ABWe have characterized the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on the growth, morphology and biosynthesis of cytoskeletal proteins in NB2a mouse neuroblastoma cells. In addition, the morphological and biochemical changes were compared to those induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db cAMP). Growth inhibition by RA was concentration-dependent and was first detected 24 h after addition of RA. The proliferation of RA-treated NB2a was more dependent on serum than was the proliferation of untreated cultures and RA decreased the saturation density of NB2a cells grown in serum. Morphological changes induced by RA include the formation of an elaborate network of branching neurites in NB2a cells. In contrast, neurites induced by db cAMP or serum deprivation were bipolar and unbranching. Ultrastructural observations of neurites induced by RA revealed dendritic characteristics such as polysomes, spines and absence of intermediate filaments, while neurites induced by db cAMP had axonal characteristics such as filament bundles, absence of ribosomes, and the formation of membrane densities when neurite endings contacted another cell body. These morphological differences were also reflected in a number of changes in the biosynthesis of cytoskeletal proteins. These results suggest that NB2a cells treated with RA and db cAMP are a model system for the study of distinct stages of differentiation. AUShea TB; Fischer I; Sapirstein VS EM8601 IDMS16186; HD05515; HD07251 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p307-14 MJGrowth Inhibitors; Neuroblastoma /PA; Tretinoin MNBlood /PH; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cell Division /DE; Cell Line; Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP /PD; Mice; Neuroblastoma /ME /UL; Proteins /BI; Time Factors MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-89-5 (Thymidine); 62031-54-3 (Fibroblast Growth Factor) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001739 TIFibroblast growth factor is a mitogen for oligodendrocytes in vitro. ABThe effect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on oligodendrocyte development has been studied using dissociated mixed brain cells, cultured in a previously described serum-free medium. A greater number of galactocerebroside-positive oligodendrocytes could be demonstrated after 7 days in the presence of FGF than in control values. Using combined immunofluorescence and autoradiography an increased [3H]thymidine incorporation by galactocerebroside-positive oligodendrocytes was demonstrated after various times of exposure to FGF. AUEccleston PA; Silberberg DH EM8601 ID11037 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p315-8 MJFibroblast Growth Factor; Mitogens; Neuroglia /DE MNAnimals, Newborn; Brain /CY; Cell Division /DE; Cells, Cultured; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Galactosylceramides /AN; Neuroglia /CL; Rats; Thymidine /ME; Time Factors MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (somatomedin-binding protein); 6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001740 TITriiodothyronine stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) by fetal hypothalamus cells cultured in serum-free medium. ABGrown in serum-free medium, dissociated cells from fetal mouse hypothalami release insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGF BPs) into the culture medium. Addition of triiodothyronine (10-12-10-8 M), which enhances neuron maturation, resulted in a significant increase in IGF concentration. By contrast, there was no significant effect on IGF BP. These results suggest a role for thyroid hormone in the control of IGF biosynthesis in nerve cells. AUBinoux M; Faivre-Bauman A; Lassarre C; Barret A; Tixier-Vidal A EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p319-21 MJHypothalamus /ME; Somatomedins; Triiodothyronine MNCarrier Proteins /BI; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Fetus; Hypothalamus /CY; Mice MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001741 TIUnilateral odor deprivation: effects on the development of olfactory bulb catecholamines and behavior. ABThe present studies began an examination of the process by which unilateral odor deprivation results in a 25% reduction in the size of the olfactory bulb. Rat pups had a single naris occluded on the day after the day of birth (Day 1) and were tested at several early postnatal ages. Dopamine (DA) levels were measured to gauge the effects of deprivation on a transmitter system which is intrinsic to the bulb, while norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were assessed to determine how deprivation affects inputs to the bulb from higher brain regions. A significant reduction in DA concentration (pg/mg protein) was observed on Day 8 and persisted until Day 30 although protein concentrations (pg/mg bulb) were not affected. In contrast, deprivation did not significantly alter NE concentration. Deprived and control pups did not differ on a series of behavioral and morphometric measures, suggesting that the surgical procedure did not seriously impair normal growth patterns. The results indicate that unilateral naris occlusion induces rapid and specific changes within the olfactory bulb. AUBrunjes PC; Smith-Crafts LK; McCarty R EM8601 IDNS 17476 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p1-6 MJBehavior, Animal; Catecholamines; Olfactory Bulb; Sensory Deprivation; Smell MNBody Weight; Dopamine /AN; Exploratory Behavior /PH; Norepinephrine /AN; Posture; Rats; Reflex /PH MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1.- (Pseudocholinesterase); EC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase); EC 3.1.1.8 (Cholinesterases); 50-06-6 (Phenobarbital) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001742 TIEarly phenobarbital-induced alterations in hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activity and behavior. ABEarly exposure to phenobarbital (PhB) causes marked destruction of large neurons which are then forming both in the hippocampus and in the cerebellum. Such exposure to PhB also reduces the achievements of mice in hippocampus-related behaviors such as radial 8-arm maze performance. Experimental evidence suggests that these behaviors are partially mediated by cholinergic transmission. We studied the performance of mice, exposed to PhB prenatally or neonatally, in radial 8-arm maze. Both treatments caused significant impairments in the animals' performance in the maze. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pseudocholinesterase (pChE) activities were studied in the hippocampus and cerebellum of mice who were exposed to PhB prenatally or neonatally. These enzymes are involved both in cholinergic transmission and in neuronal development. A significant decrease (13-16%, P less than 0.01) in hippocampal AChE specific activity was found between days 15 and 22 in animals exposed to PhB neonatally. The total hippocampal activity of AChE was also greatly reduced (25-39%, P less than 0.01) during that period as a result of both the reduction in specific activity and a reduction in hippocampal weight of the treated animals. These alterations were transient and were not detected in adulthood. No changes in hippocampal AChE or pChE activities were found in animals treated prenatally. Cerebellar AChE and pChE activities were not altered after prenatal nor after neonatal exposure to PhB. It is possible that the short-term effect of neonatal treatment on AChE specific activity might mediate the long-term impairments in hippocampus-related behaviors. AUKleinberger N; Yanai J EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p113-23 MJAcetylcholinesterase; Cholinesterases; Hippocampus /GD; Learning Disorders; Phenobarbital; Pseudocholinesterase MNAnimals, Newborn; Brain Diseases /CI; Cerebellum /EN; Hippocampus /EN; Mice; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects MTAnimal; Female RN1199-18-4 (6-hydroxydopamine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001744 TIExogenous monoamines affect the segregation of retinogeniculate fibers in developing rats. ABThe development of retinogeniculate projections was examined in rats which had norepinephrine levels altered by subcutaneous administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or exogenous norepinephrine (NE) during early postnatal life. NE, but not 6-OHDA, treatment resulted in an abnormal segregation of crossed and uncrossed axons at postnatal day 10, such that projections from the two eyes occupied extensively overlapping territory. This effect is at least partially reversible since in animals examined 30 days after cessation of NE treatment the retinogeniculate projections ultimately became segregated. AULand PW; Rose LL EM8601 IDEY05280 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p135-40 MJGeniculate Bodies; Norepinephrine; Retina MNAnimals, Newborn; Hydroxydopamines /PD; Norepinephrine /PH; Rats; Visual Pathways /GD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.3.99.1 (Succinate Dehydrogenase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001745 TIThe role of the principal sensory nucleus in central trigeminal pattern formation. ABComplete lesions of the principal sensory nucleus in the neonatal rat disrupts vibrissae-related pattern formation in the ventral posterior nucleus of the dorsal thalamus. Similar lesions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus do not effect pattern formation in the ventral posterior nucleus. The results are interpreted as suggesting that the principal sensory nucleus provides a template for pattern formation in central trigeminal structures. AUKillackey HP; Fleming K EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p141-5 MJThalamic Nuclei; Trigeminal Nuclei /GD; Vibrissae MNFace /IR; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase /ME; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus /GD; Trigeminal Nuclei /EN; Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal /GD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN35523-89-8 (Saxitoxin); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001746 TIProperties of voltage-sensitive sodium channels in neuroblastoma cells grown in chemically defined and serum-supplemented media. ABThe saxitoxin binding properties and sodium currents were compared in N18 neuroblastoma cells grown in serum-supplemented and chemically defined serum-free media. There was no alteration in either maximal binding capacity or receptor affinity and the kinetics or voltage dependency of sodium channel activation and inactivation. It is concluded that sodium channels expressed by neuroblastoma cells grown in the chemically defined media were functionally identical to those in cells grown in serum-supplemented medium. AUWillow M; Gonoi T EM8601 IDNS 18980 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p146-9 MJIon Channels; Sodium MNClone Cells; Culture Media; Immune Sera /PD; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Neuroblastoma; Saxitoxin /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-64-9 (Dextroamphetamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001747 TIBehavioral effects of D-amphetamine in developing cats. ABThe development of the behavioral effects of amphetamine was assessed in kittens of 1-53 days of age. Amphetamine-induced increases in locomotion occurred when animals were beyond 35 days of age. Stereotypic behavior was induced at all ages tested but the predominant type of stereotypy was age-related. From 1 to 14 days amphetamine induced licking. Pendular head movements occurred when animals were under 35 days. At 14 days of age darting, a response consisting of rapid pacing and turning began to occur. Tracking, a series of horizontal and vertical head movements also began to occur after 14 days. The adult response of vertical and horizontal head movements became most prominent after 35 days. AULevine MS; Hannigan JH; Fisher RS; Howard-Butcher S; Hull CD; Buchwald NA EM8601 IDHD-05958; DA 3107; HD-07032 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p150-5 MJDextroamphetamine; Motor Activity; Stereotyped Behavior MNAge Factors; Cats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001748 TIPostnatal neurogenesis in the rat hypothalamus. ABNeurogenesis of the rat hypothalamus was studied with the [3H]thymidine autoradiography method during the first postnatal month. In the parvicellular hypothalamic nuclei a low rate (1%) of neurogenesis could be observed during the first postnatal week, but not later. There was no sign of neuron formation in the magnocellular cell groups. A number of glial cells were labeled throughout the first month in all hypothalamic nuclei at a decreasing rate. Therefore, birth is not a sharp dividing line in the neurogenesis of the hypothalamus in the rat. AUSeress L EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p156-60 MJHypothalamus /GD MNAnimals, Newborn; Hypothalamus /CY; Mitosis; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal RN592-62-1 (Methylazoxymethanol Acetate) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001749 TITransplantation of fetal postmitotic neurons to rat cortex: survival, early pathway choices and long-term projections of outgrowing axons. ABA system for studying growth and development of transplanted subpopulations of postmitotic cerebral cortical neurons is described. The cytotoxic drug methylazoxymethanol (MAM) was given to pregnant rats on the fourteenth day of gestation to destroy precursor cells of layers II-IV of the fetal cerebral cortex. Layer V and VI precursor cells which had completed their final division before MAM treatment and were unaffected by it, were labeled by a prior injection of [3H]thymidine. This strategy provides a donor cerebral cortex containing mainly neurons destined to form layers V and VI of the adult cerebral cortex; these cells are postmitotic. Pieces of donor cerebral cortex were transplanted to the cerebral hemispheres of normal newborn hosts at one day, two days, or 6 days after MAM treatment; survival was assessed 1-12 weeks after transplantation by autoradiography of histological sections. Radiolabeled graft cells survived in 89% of recipients and many of these grew axons into the host, as indicated by retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase. Significant numbers of graft cells could also be stained immunocytochemically for glutamic acid decarboxylase or for the peptides, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or cholecystokinin. A second group of experiments examined the routes of early axon outgrowth from normal and postmitotic fetal grafts. When the donor cortex had been incubated in a mixture of [3H]proline and [3H]leucine for 20 min prior to transplantation, the earliest axons growing out of the graft into normal newborn hosts could be assessed by autoradiography of axoplasmic transport after survivals in the host of 7 days. Normal and postmitotic grafts taken at E15 or E20 were capable of outgrowth, though the axons of E20 postmitotic cells did not grow far. The location of the transplant was the major determinant of where graft cells' axons grew and growth was mainly into existing axonal pathways of the host. In a third group of experiments, long term axonal projections from normal and postmitotic fetal transplants to 4 regions of the host brain--thalamus, contralateral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus--were examined with retrograde tracers 2-4 months after transplantation. Projections from grafts to the 4 host sites were highly dependent on the presence of nearby host axons connecting with those sites. Neurons in all types of graft projected to one or other of the 4 sites, but generally in small numbers. Higher proportions of cells in grafts from E15 MAM-treated donors projected to the host thalamus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) AUFloeter MK; Jones EG EM8601 IDNS15070; GM07200 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p19-38 MJCerebral Cortex /TR MNCerebral Cortex /EM /GD; Graft Survival; Hippocampus /GD; Methylazoxymethanol Acetate /PD; Neural Pathways /GD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Septum Pellucidum /GD; Thalamus /GD MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001750 TIEarly postnatal development of EEG and sleep-waking cycle in two inbred mouse strains. ABThe postnatal maturation of brain electrical activity and sleep-waking cycle were studied in two inbred mouse strains (C57BL and BALBc), previously differentiated in their sleep patterns at adult age. Genetic differences are evident during the first postnatal period (until day 12) in the maturation of electrical activity which is both earlier and slower in C57BL than in BALBc. On the other hand, from day 12 onwards, as soon as the sleep-waking cycle can be defined by using EEG morphology to select quiet sleep (QS) and active sleep (AS) C57BL is characterized by a higher amount of AS and a lower amount of waking (W) than BALBc, as found in juvenile and adult mice. These differences appear a little later when the recordings are performed on animals which are isolated instead of being left with the rest of the litter. AUDaszuta A; Gambarelli F EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p39-47 MJBrain; Electroencephalography; Sleep MNAge Factors; Cerebral Cortex /PH; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Sleep Stages /PH; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001751 TIalpha-Fetoprotein and albumin gene expression in brain and other tissues of fetal and adult rats. ABQuantitative measurement of messenger RNA (mRNA) for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and albumin in developing rat liver and in different fetal and adult tissues reveals a close correlation between the previously determined rate of protein synthesis and mRNA levels. mRNA for AFP and albumin exists in fetal intestine, lung, liver and kidney whereas there are no such transcripts in fetal brain or heart. There are no mRNA transcripts for AFP in any adult organs other than the liver. The lack of mRNA AFP in fetal brain tissue indicates that the AFP found in fetal brain cells is absorbed from the serum. This finding supports the hypothesis that AFP may serve as a carrier protein to deliver bound molecules, such as non-esterified fatty acids, to brain cells at a specific time during development. AUSell S; Longley MA; Boulter J EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p49-53 MJAlbumins; Alpha Fetoproteins; Brain /ME; Nerve Tissue Proteins; RNA, Messenger MNBrain /EM; Gene Expression Regulation; Organ Specificity; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001753 TIModification of neurotransmitter receptor sensitivity in cat visual cortex during the critical period. ABWe have examined the characteristics of various receptors in cat visual cortex during postnatal development. These included beta-adrenergic, GABA, benzodiazepine and acetylcholine receptors. For each population of receptor the number (Bmax) and affinity (Kd) were examined as a function of postnatal age (3 days-adult). For all receptors examined, the Bmax increased during development from low early values to a peak within the critical period. The Kd also changed during development for most receptors. The simultaneous alterations in Bmax and Kd necessitate defining a term which takes both of these receptor properties into consideration. This term, called receptor sensitivity (RS), provides a more comprehensive measure of receptor function than either Bmax or Kd alone. Using this measure, we find that receptor sensitivity is low near birth for the 4 receptor populations studied, rises to a peak within the first two months of life, and then declines to near-neonatal levels for 3 of the 4 receptor populations. AUShaw C; Needler MC; Wilkinson M; Aoki C; Cynader M EM8601 IDIFYEY05393-01 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p67-73 MJSynaptic Receptors /PH; Visual Cortex /GD MNAnimals, Newborn; Cats; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta /PH; Receptors, Cholinergic /PH; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine /PH; Synaptic Receptors /AN; Visual Cortex /AN MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001754 TIThe morphology and phased outgrowth of callosal axons in the fetal rat. ABThe growth of axons of the corpus callosum was studied in fetal and early postnatal rats by means of anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) applied to the developing cerebral cortex in the frontal and presumptive sensory motor regions. In the sensorimotor regions, the first axons to reach the midline at E18 arise from two separated groups of cells situated medially near the superior sagittal sinus and laterally just above the rhinal sulcus. Each group forms a stratum just beneath the cortical plate. Axons from cells in intervening regions arrive at the midline approximately one day later. By the first postnatal day (P0), a second stratum of callosally projecting cells can be identified superficial to the first. Callosal axons grow out from this stratum in the same sequence as those from the deeper stratum, axons from medial and lateral regions preceding those from intervening regions. [3H]thymidine labeling of animals later injected with HRP, indicates that callosal cells in the deep stratum enter their final mitosis at E15 and those in the superficial stratum at E16. Growing callosal axons have identifiable growth cones and filopodia at their tips but, as far as they could be traced, the axons do not branch. They grow orthogonal to radial glial processes of the cerebral hemisphere and diverge early from simultaneously outgrowing corticofugal axons directed to subcortical sites, as though following separate cues. Callosal axons advancing from one side grow directly into the path taken by those advancing from the other side. AUFloeter MK; Jones EG EM8601 IDNS15070; GM07200 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p7-18 MJCorpus Callosum MNFrontal Lobe /EM; Mitosis; Motor Cortex /EM; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Somatosensory Cortex /EM MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN58569-55-4 (Enkephalin, Methionine); 58822-25-6 (Enkephalin, Leucine); 73024-95-0 (enkephalin-Met, Arg(6); 80501-44-6 (enkephalin-Met, Arg(6) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001755 TIOntogenesis of proenkephalin products in rat striatum and the inhibitory effects of low-level lead exposure. ABCertain developmental abnormalities have been associated with environmental exposure to lead and our previous studies have indicated that the endogenous opioid system is disrupted by this metal. In connection with this we report the ontogeny of proenkephalin products in the rat striatum determined by combined HPLC and bioassay and the effects of low-level lead exposure on this ontogeny. The development of Met-enkephalin levels was dissimilar from that of the other proenkephalin products, Met-enkephalyl-Arg6-Phe7, Met-enkephalyl-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 and Leu-enkephalin. The ratios of Met-enkephalin containing peptides to Leu-enkephalin was less than the 6:1 ratio predicted from the proenkephalin structure. Lead (administered in the maternal drinking water, from conception to weaning at 100, 300 and 1000 ppm) caused a dose-related depression of the levels of proenkephalin products in rat striatum at 10, 21 and 30 days after birth. The most pronounced effects were observed at 10 days and the most persistent effects were seen with Met-enkephalin. Peak blood lead levels were below 45 micrograms/100 ml in the 100 and 300 ppm lead-dosed groups and in all lead-dosed groups at 10 days after birth. It is suggested that lead may have inhibitory effects on proenkephalin-processing enzymes. AUBailey C; Kitchen I EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p75-9 MJCorpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Lead Poisoning /ME MNCorpus Striatum /GD; Enkephalin, Leucine /AN; Enkephalin, Methionine /AA /AN; Lead Poisoning /EM /PP; Pregnancy; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001756 TISynapse elimination in the developing visual cortex: a morphometric analysis in normal and dark-reared cats. ABThe elimination of synapses from developing visual cortex, occurring after day 70 in cat, is thought to result from competition among redundant axons innervating area 17. The dependence of this elimination on visual experience was tested by comparing normal cats at 70 and 220 days of age with littermates dark-reared from day 70 to day 220. Thickness of all cortical laminae, numerical density (NV) of neurons in layers I-III and NV of synapses in layers I-III were measured in two regions of area 17, corresponding to central (0-5 degrees) and peripheral (15-20 degrees) representations of the binocular visual field. In the central region, normal development was characterized by a 25% decrease in thickness of layers I-III with a corresponding increase in the NV of neurons. The NV of synapses in layer I decreased by 29%, with a 52% decrease in the number of synapses under one mm2 of pial surface. In layers II-III the NV of synapses decreased by 31%, with a 46% decrease in the number of synapses under 1 mm2 of pial surface. These developmental changes were unaffected by dark-rearing. In the peripheral region, normal cats exhibited no significant changes in laminar thickness or in NV of synapses, although the number of synapses under 1 mm2 of pial surface decreased by 25% in layer I and by 18% in layers II-III. In dark-reared cats the thickness of layers I-III decreased by 26% with a corresponding increase in the NV of neurons. The NV of synapses in layer I decreased by 18% and the number of synapses under 1 mm2 of pial surface by 51%. In layers II-III the NV of synapses decreased by 22% and the number of synapses under 1 mm2 of pial surface by 39%. Thus, in normal development the loss of synapses is greater from central than from peripheral representations of area 17. Dark-rearing does not alter the elimination of synapses in central cortex, but accelerates this loss in peripheral cortex. AUO'Kusky JR EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p81-91 MJSensory Deprivation; Vision; Visual Cortex MNCats; Cell Count; Synapses /PH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.14.17.1 (Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001757 TITenotomy decreases sympathetic neuronal survival factors in avian smooth muscle. ABThe expansor secundariorum of the chicken wing has a high concentration of survival factor activity for sympathetic neurons. The effect of tenotomy on this activity has been examined in newly hatched and older birds. Survival factor activity was assayed with dissociated embryonic neurons and found to be decreased after tenotomy to low levels in the newly hatched but not the older birds. No change in dopamine beta-hydroxylase concentration was detected, suggesting that tenotomy does not significantly alter impulse activity in the sympathetic innervation. The results are compared with findings after tenotomy in skeletal muscles and contrasted with increased survival factor activity produced by denervation of the expansor secundariorum. AURush RA EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p93-7 MJChickens; Muscle, Smooth /PH; Nerve Growth Factors; Sympathetic Nervous System MNAge Factors; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase /ME; Muscle, Smooth /EN /IR MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001758 TIAn intracellular study of synaptic transmission and dendritic morphology in sympathetic neurons of the chick embryo. ABThe characteristics of synaptic transmission in whole embryonic avian sympathetic ganglia have been examined by intracellular recording. Neurons in lumbar paravertebral ganglia of chick embryos exhibit both fast nicotinic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and non-cholinergic slow EPSPs. Fast nicotinic transmission is mediated by at least 3-5 convergent preganglionic inputs and can be detected at the earliest embryonic stage examined (Stage 38; 12 days of incubation). Two types of non-cholinergic slow EPSPs have been observed and distinguished by their time course and the resulting changes in input resistance. One of these slow synaptic potentials is mimicked by exogenously applied substance P, but not by exogenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Muscarinic agonists also evoke slow depolarizations in the ganglia, mediated at least in part by inhibition of the M-current. Intracellular labeling with horseradish peroxidase reveals cells with 5-10 primary dendrites at Stage 42 (16 days of incubation), the earliest stage to exhibit slow EPSPs. The active and passive membrane properties of avian sympathetic neurons, including the presence of the M-current, generally resemble those of adult mammalian and amphibian sympathetic neurons. Functional activity in chick sympathetic neurons is present at a developmental stage where both biochemical and morphological indices of synapse maturation are at low levels. Since this progression has also been observed in the avian ciliary ganglion, it may be of general relevance to neuronal development. AUDryer SE; Chiappinelli VA EM8601 IDNS17574 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p99-111 MJGanglia, Sympathetic MNAmphibia; Chick Embryo; Dendrites; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone /PD; Mammals; Membrane Potentials; Neural Transmission /DE; Receptors, Nicotinic /PH; Substance P /PD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001759 TIThe corticomotoneuronal component of the pyramidal tract: corticomotoneuronal connections and functions in primates. ABCorticomotoneuronal fibers make up a functional component of the pyramidal tract-corticospinal system which is characteristic of primates. The corticomotoneuronal fibers include large, rapidly conducting axons. They arise from somatotopically arranged areas of precentral cortex and the largest concentration of pyramidal cells of origin in the deep part of lamina V is in area 4. Their influence is exerted contralaterally on the spinal cord, where monosynaptic excitation of spinal motoneurons occurs. Motoneurons innervating distally acting muscles are preferentially excited and marked convergence of corticomotoneuronal influences occurs on these. The excitatory post-synaptic potentials in these motoneurons are characterized by the property of temporal facilitation. Intraspinal divergence of the terminal arborizations of individual corticomotoneuronal fibers could permit the engagement of large populations of motoneurons and also the activation of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons and propriospinal neurons for that region of the spinal cord. Corticomotoneuronal synapses may be located more distally on the dendrites of motoneurons than are the monosynaptic connections from group Ia afferents. The corticomotoneuronal excitation has been demonstrated to be effective in natural functional states when the conscious animal is performing learned movement tasks. Abolition of corticomotoneuronal influences causes a permanent deficit in the fractionation of use of distal muscles and an inability to carry out independent movements of the fingers. AUPorter R EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 357(1) p1-26 MJMotor Cortex /PH; Pyramidal Tracts /PH MNBrain Mapping; Electrophysiology; Motor Cortex /CY; Motor Neurons /CY /PH; Primates; Pyramidal Tracts /CY; Reflex /PH MTAnimal; Human RNEC 3.1.3.2 (Acid Phosphatase); 0 (neurotrophic protein) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001760 TIThe reaction of primary sensory neurons to peripheral nerve injury with particular emphasis on transganglionic changes. ABThis paper reviews light- and electron microscopic, histochemical and physiological evidence which demonstrate that peripheral nerve injury in mammals is followed by profound structural and functional changes in the central terminals of the affected primary sensory neurons. Available evidence indicates that at least some of these so-called transganglionic changes are the result of ganglion cell degeneration and death, although other mechanisms are probably in effect as well. Existing data suggest that this ganglion cell death does not effect all types of ganglion cells equally, but do not permit a clearcut answer to the question of which kinds of ganglion cells are affected more than others. Results from studies with microtubule inhibitors and antibodies to nerve growth factor are compatible with the notion that depletion of retrogradely transported trophic factors is involved in the production of certain transganglionic changes. This issue needs further examination, however. Physiological studies indicate marked alterations in certain primary afferent synaptic connections after peripheral nerve lesions. So far, these changes have not been satisfactorily correlated with the structural changes induced by similar lesions. Further studies on the structural and functional response of primary sensory neurons to peripheral nerve injury are likely to contribute to the understanding of the frequent failure to regain normal sensory functions after peripheral nerve lesions in man, as well as of the basic aspects of lesion-induced changes in general in the peripheral and central nervous system. AUAldskogius H; Arvidsson J; Grant G EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 357(1) p27-46 MJNervous System; Peripheral Nerves MNAcid Phosphatase /ME; Afferent Pathways /PA; Axoplasmic Flow; Cats; Guinea Pigs; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Tissue Proteins /PH; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons, Afferent /EN /PA; Rats; Spinal Cord /PA; Trigeminal Nerve /IN; Trigeminal Nuclei /PA MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN64-86-8 (Colchicine); 865-21-4 (Vinblastine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001761 TIThe effects of colchicine in mammalian brain from rodents to rhesus monkeys. ABThe injection of colchicine into rats and monkeys produced two different types of brain damage. At selected doses, intradentate colchicine preferentially destroyed DGC in rats, whereas damage was less selective and more severe in monkeys. Experiments were performed with different tubulin-binding drugs to investigate the structure-function relationship of tubulin binding and DGC death. The tubulin-binding characteristics of these and other drugs reported in the literature did not correlate with their ability to damage DGC. The role of seizure-induced cell death was investigated by recording the EEG in monkeys and in rats treated with phenobarbital. The data suggest that seizures are an infrequent epiphenomenon of colchicine's action. We proposed that colchicine is not a selective neurotoxin and that it causes brain damage by inducing a non-specific inflammatory response. This response is both dose- and species-dependent. We concluded by discussing the medical implications of the present and proposed uses of colchicine. AUDasheiff RM; Ramirez LF EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 357(1) p47-67 MJColchicine /PD; Hippocampus MNAxoplasmic Flow /DE; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Diseases /CI; Cats; Colchicine /ME /TO; Dogs; Electroencephalography; Encephalitis /CI; Hamsters; Macaca mulatta; Mice; Rabbits; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Seizures /CI; Species Specificity; Tubulin /ME; Vinblastine /PD MCReview MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RNEC 1.2.1.9 (Glyceraldehydephosphate Dehydrogenase); 0 (neurofilament proteins); 110-13-4 (2,5-hexanedione); 111-94-4 (3,3'-iminodipropionitrile); 25234-79-1 (3,4-dimethyl-2,5-hexanedione) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001762 TIPathogenesis of experimental giant neurofilamentous axonopathies: a unified hypothesis based on chemical modification of neurofilaments. ABThis review summarizes current evidence suggesting that the pathogenetic basis of giant axonal neuropathies induced by neurotoxic chemicals involves a direct chemical modification of neurofilaments (NF) and/or related cytoskeletal proteins. Chemical modification of NF is believed to disrupt the normal cytoskeletal organization, which results in an alteration in NF transport rate and accumulation of NF at prenodal sites along the axon. The exact location at which axonal enlargements occur appears to be a continuous function, dependent on both the structure and dosage schedule of the chemical toxin. A unified hypothesis for the neuropathologic effect of the diverse spectrum of toxic chemicals known to induce giant axonopathies is presented, based on recently published data on the structure of NF protein. Neurotoxic chemicals are believed to alter the charge balance of highly ionic domains of NF proteins which are thought to enter into intermolecular coulombic interactions in forming the supramolecular cytoskeletal framework. AUSayre LM; Autilio-Gambetti L; Gambetti P EM8601 IDNS 18714; NS 14509 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 357(1) p69-83 MJAxons; Cytoskeleton; Intermediate Filaments; Nervous System Diseases MNAxoplasmic Flow /DE; Chickens; Disease Models, Animal; Glyceraldehydephosphate Dehydrogenase /AI; Hexanones /TO; Intermediate Filament Proteins /ME; Intermediate Filaments /ME; Mice; Nitriles /TO; Phosphorylation; Pyrroles /TO; Rats MCReview MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.14.16.4 (Tryptophan Hydroxylase); 1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001763 TICalcium regulates the activity of serotonin-containing dorsal raphe neurons in vitro. ABSmall elevations of calcium ions (15%) significantly depressed the activity of serotonin-containing dorsal raphe neurons by 35% in mouse brain slices in vitro, while large increases in calcium ion concentration (300%) dramatically decreased the incidence of spontaneously active raphe neurons. Neurochemical studies indicated that these effects were not attributable to increased release and metabolism of serotonin. These findings may have implications for the treatment of mood disorders, for which disturbances in both calcium and serotonin metabolism have been demonstrated. AUTrulson ME; Crisp T EM8601 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p107-10 MJCalcium /PH; Raphe Nuclei /PH; Serotonin /PH MNAction Potentials /DE; Calcium /PD; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid /AN; Mice; Neural Transmission; Raphe Nuclei /AN; Serotonin /AN; Tryptophan Hydroxylase /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male RN50-02-2 (Dexamethasone) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001764 TIPerinatal glucocorticoids alter dentate gyrus electrophysiology. ABPerinatal glucocorticoid administration produces permanent spatial discrimination learning deficits in rats, presumably referable to changes in the development of neural systems subserving such functions. Because the hippocampal dentate gyrus and its afferent/efferent circuitry appear selectively vulnerable to neonatal steroid treatments, we have examined adult rats treated with neonatally administered glucocorticoids using electrophysiological methods. The techniques were chosen to reveal the topographic and neurophysiologic responsiveness of the major afferent supply to the dentate gyrus. Rats of both sexes received either a high dose (100 mg/kg) or low dose (1 mg/kg) of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone on postnatal day four, with control subjects receiving an injection of saline. These dosages have been shown to disrupt hippocampal dependent learning [6,38]. Laminar depth profile analyses of entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus afferents revealed a significant shift in the spatial distribution of evoked extracellular population synaptic potentials (EPSPs) in glucocorticoid treated subjects. Stimulus-response functions also differed between glucocorticoid treated and control subjects. While response amplitudes at threshold stimulus intensities did not differ between groups, at higher stimulus intensities population spike potentials and associated EPSPs differed in glucocorticoid versus control subjects. AUVicedomini JP; Nonneman AJ; DeKosky ST; Scheff SW EM8601 IDNS160009; NS16981; NS00444 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p111-6 MJDexamethasone; Hippocampus MNAnimals, Newborn; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials /DE; Learning /DE; Neural Transmission /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN142-47-2 (Sodium Glutamate); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 534-82-7 (Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol); 66796-54-1 (Pro-Opiomelanocortin); 97-31-4 (Normetanephrine) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001765 TINeonatal monosodium glutamate administration alters noradrenergic measures in the brainstem of the mouse. ABMice treated neonatally with MSG (4 mg/g) were compared to saline-injected controls on a number of neurochemical parameters of brainstem noradrenergic activity. MSG treatment resulted in an attenuation of brainstem norepinephrine (NE) decline after alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine administration. Neonatal MSG administration did not result in alterations in the steady state levels of brainstem NE or MOPEG. The synthesis of NE was slightly increased in the pons-medulla of MSG-treated mice as indexed by pargyline-induced NE accumulation. NE release, however, appeared diminished as reflected by a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in the ratio of normetanephrine to NE found in the pons-medulla of MSG-treated mice given pargyline. The results suggest that MSG-induced damage to the arcuate nucleus produces selective alterations in brainstem NE systems. These alterations may reflect the toxic action of MSG on the opiomelanocortin neurons of the arcuate nucleus or other descending systems that are damaged by MSG. The loss of the descending opiomelanocortin input to the brainstem could result in these types of neurochemical consequences since the pharmacologic action of opiate drugs results in a selective enhancement of brainstem NE turnover in rodents. AUDawson R Jr; Annau Z EM8601 IDES07094; ES02277; S T32 HL07457 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p117-21 MJArcuate Nucleus; Brain Stem; Glutamates; Norepinephrine; Sodium Glutamate MNAnimals, Newborn; Arcuate Nucleus /PH; Brain Stem /PH; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol /AN; Mice; Neural Pathways /PH; Normetanephrine /AN; Pro-Opiomelanocortin /PH MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-84-3 (Acetylcholine) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001766 TIACh and 5-HT stimulated thermogenesis at different core temperatures in the He-Cold hypothermic hamster. ABHamsters in deep experimentally induced hypothermia, at body temperatures between 7 degrees C and 11.5 degrees C, were microinjected with 5-HT and ACh at brain sites in the anterior-preoptic area of the hypothalamus (AH/POA). ACh or 5-HT was injected into an AH/POA site at different starting core temperatures in different groups of hypothermic hamsters. Colonic temperatures (Tc) were maintained, following He-Cold induction, in a temperature controlled environmental chamber and measured with a YSI thermister probe and YSI telethermometer. Injections of either 5-HT or ACh at Tc's between 7.0 degrees C and 9.0 degrees C elicited only modest increases in Tc i.e., 0.3 degrees C--0.6 degrees C, respectively. As Tc increased, however, to ranges between 9.1 degrees C--10.0 degrees C and in different animals to greater than 10 degrees C both ACh and 5-HT at the same sites elicited significant increases in Tc, 1.5 degrees C for 5-HT and 2.2 degrees C for ACh compared to saline injections. These data suggest that at the lowest Tc's we are observing a ╥cold block╙ of temperature sensitive sites in the AH/POA. Increasing the starting Tc beyond 9.0 degrees C however, evokes significant increases in heat-gain following AH/POA injection of either ACh or 5-HT. These data are consistent with Myers' observations concerning the organization of heat-gain mechanisms at AH/POA sites. In addition, they suggest that both the afferent limb of the heat-gain circuit (5-HT) and the efferent limb of the circuit (ACh) are functionally impaired when Tc is close to the physiological limit in the He-Cold hypothermic hamster. AUSimpson CW; Resch GE EM8601 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p123-7 MJAcetylcholine; Body Temperature Regulation; Hypothalamic Area, Anterior; Preoptic Area; Serotonin MNBrain Mapping; Hamsters; Mesocricetus; Models, Biological; Prostaglandins E /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male RN11103-57-4 (Vitamin A); 116-31-4 (Retinaldehyde); 79-81-2 (retinol palmitate) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001768 TIDistribution of retinoids in different compartments of the posterior segment of the rabbit eye. ABUsing high-performance liquid chromatography, the amounts of all-trans retinol, retinal and retinyl palmitate were measured in the following ocular tissues and fluid of the light (LA) and dark adapted (DA) rabbit: cytosol and membrane fractions of the retina (R/C and R/M), cytosol and membrane fractions of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE/C and RPE/M), subretinal fluid collected from the inter-photoreceptor matrix (S/R) and the matrix between apical microvilli of the RPE (S/RPE). The total amount of all-trans retinol extracted from LA eyes, 2.74 nmol per eye, was ten times greater than the amount extracted from DA eyes. In the LA eye, most of the all-trans retinol was extracted from the membrane fraction of the retina (67%); in the DA eye, most of the retinol was extracted from the cytosol fraction of the retina (58%). In contrast, the DA eye yielded more all-trans retinal (9.84 nmol) than the LA eye (5.80 nmol) and most of this retinoid was recovered from the cytosol and membrane fractions of the retina. A higher amount of all-trans retinyl palmitate was recovered from the LA eye (5.88 nmol) than the DA eye (2.02 nmol). Although most of this retinyl palmitate was extracted from the cytosol fraction of the RPE (45%, LA eye), appreciable amounts were found in all other ocular compartments. The amount of retinyl palmitate in the LA eye exceeded that of the DA eye in every compartment examined in the present study, suggesting a possible important role of retinyl esters in the visual cycle. AULai YL; Tsin AT; Lam KW; Garcia JJ EM8601 IDNEI 5 R01; EY04178; RR08194; + SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p143-7 MJPigment Epithelium of Eye; Retina; Retinoids MNChromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytosol /AN; Dark Adaptation; Membranes /AN; Rabbits; Retinaldehyde /AN; Vitamin A /AA /AN MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001769 TIHypothalamic circuits involved in the regulation of seasonal and circadian rhythms in male golden hamsters. ABHypothalamic knife cuts were employed to investigate the pathways which mediate the gonadal regression induced by short-day photoperiods in male golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Bilateral horizontal cuts placed between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), as well as cuts placed through the PVN, prevented testicular regression in animals kept on a photoperiod that provided only 6 hr of light/day. Identical effects were obtained when the cuts were placed just dorsal to the PVN. Unilateral damage or sham surgery failed to block gonadal regression. The entrainment of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity to the light-dark cycle was not affected by cuts that abolished the effects of photoperiod on testicular regression. The results are discussed in the context of current models of neural control of the pineal gland and melatonin production. AUNunez AA; Brown MH; Youngstrom TG EM8601 IDMH 37877 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p149-53 MJHypothalamus; Motor Activity; Periodicity; Testis MNBrain Mapping; Circadian Rhythm; Hamsters; Mesocricetus; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus /PH; Seasons; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus /PH MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 37221-79-7 (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide); 39379-15-2 (Neurotensin); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 58591-52-9 (pancreatic polypeptide, avian); 59763-91-6 (Pancreatic Polypeptide); 9015-71-8 (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001770 TIThree dimensional analysis of retinal neuropeptides and amine in the chick. ABThree dimensional analysis of retinal neuropeptides and monoamine-containing amacrine cells were performed on flat-mount preparations of the chick retina by using indirect immunofluorescence method. somatostatin (SOM), neurotensin (NT), leu-enkephalin (ENK), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP), corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP), glucagon (GLC), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were examined with specific antisera. To localize these substances in the amacrine cells, and to see in which layers their processes arborize, frozen sections were examined. There were four patterns of distribution. (1) Substances with more immunoreactive cells in the central than in the peripheral portions (SOM, NT, VIP, SP, GLC, 5HT), (2) Substances with more immunoreactive cells in the peripheral portion than in the central portion (APP), (3) Substances for which such cells were evenly distributed (TH), and (4) Substances with more immunoreactive cells in the inferior than in the superior portion (CRF). Subtypes were identified among the amacrine cells containing single peptides or monoamine. AUKiyama H; Katayama-Kumoi Y; Kimmel J; Steinbusch H; Powell JF; Smith AD; Tohyama M EM8601 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p155-65 MJBiogenic Amines; Peptides; Retina MNChickens; Corticotropin Releasing Hormone /ME; Enkephalins /ME; Neurotensin /ME; Pancreatic Polypeptide /ME; Serotonin /ME; Somatostatin /ME; Substance P /ME; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide /ME MTAnimal RN25126-32-3 (Sincalide) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001771 TIThe distribution of cholecystokinin-8 in the central nervous system of turtles: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study. ABImmunohistochemical techniques, radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to: (1) determine the regional distribution and amounts of cholecystokinin-8 (CCK8)-like immunoreactivity in the turtle central nervous system, and (2) chemically characterize the CCK8-like material present in the turtle central nervous system. High levels of CCK8-like immunoreactivity were found in the turtle central nervous system, with the highest levels being present in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis. Moderate levels of the CCK8-like material were found in all other regions of the turtle nervous system except the cerebellum, the olfactory bulbs and the dorsal ventricular ridge of the telencephalon, which contained low levels. The bulk (87%) of the CCK8-like material in turtle central nervous system co-eluted with CCK8-sulfate in gradient elution HPLC. The distribution of CCK8-like immunoreactivity (CCK8LI) observed using immunohistochemistry was consistent with the results of the RIA studies. Numerous CCK8LI-containing neurons and fibers were observed in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis. Neurons and fibers containing CCK8 were, however, more sparsely distributed outside the hypothalamus. The immunohistochemical data provided evidence for the existence of two major CCK8-containing pathways in turtles that have been previously described in mammals: a pathway from the supraoptic and paraventricular magnocellular nuclei to the external zone of the median eminence and neurohypophysis and a pathway from dorsal root ganglia to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Overall, the present results, in conjunction with several previous studies, indicate that CCK8 has had a relatively stable evolutionary history as a CNS neuropeptide among land vertebrates. The molecular structure of CCK8 appears to have been largely (if not entirely) conserved, as has its concentration in many brain regions. A noteworthy exception to such conservatism in the localization of CCK8 is that the concentration of CCK8 in the telencephalon, particularly in the telencephalic cortex, is much lower in turtles than in mammals. The present results therefore suggest that CCK8 may not have become a prominent peptide in the telencephalic cortex (or its anatomical equivalents) until the evolution of neocortex in the mammalian lineage. AUReiner A; Beinfeld MC EM8601 IDNS-19620; NS-18335; NS-18667 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p167-81 MJCentral Nervous System; Sincalide /ME; Turtles MNBrain Chemistry; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Immunoenzyme Technics; Radioimmunoassay; Sincalide /AN MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 2323-36-6 (Selegiline); 306-08-1 (Homovanillic Acid); 64-04-0 (phenethylamine) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001772 TIBehavioral and neurochemical effects of deprenyl and beta-phenylethylamine in Wistar rats. ABThe effects of 1-deprenyl (1-16 mg kg-1, 3.5 hr) on brain levels of endogenous beta-phenylethylamine were assessed in animals under three conditions: (1) experience of lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation; (2) electrode implantation but no self-stimulation experience; (3) no surgical intervention. The increase in striatal levels of beta-phenylethylamine with 1-deprenyl treatment was attenuated in the self-stimulation condition relative to conditions (2) and (3). This differential effect of 1-deprenyl was not observed at the level of the hypothalamus. Administration of 1-deprenyl did not affect self-stimulation behavior. Equivalent analysis of beta-phenylethylamine levels was carried out using animals injected with beta-phenylethylamine (0.5-4 mg kg-1, 0.5 hr 1P and 1-deprenyl (4 mg kg-1, 3.5 hr sc). Injected beta-phenylethylamine with deprenyl pretreatment increased self-stimulation rates; concomitant striatal levels of approximately 190 ng g-1 of beta-phenylethylamine were observed and were associated with increased brainstem 5-HIAA but no change in striatal HVA, indicating possible involvement of 5-HT in this response to beta-phenylethylamine. It is proposed that experience of electrical hypothalamic stimulation may alter endogenous striatal beta-phenylethylamine metabolism, possibly via an alteration of mechanisms governing synthesis and/or catabolism. AUGreenshaw AJ; Juorio AV; Boulton AA EM8601 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p183-9 MJBrain Chemistry; Phenethylamines /PD; Selegiline; Self Stimulation MNBrain Stem /AN; Corpus Striatum /AN; Homovanillic Acid /AN; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid /AN; Hypothalamus /AN; Phenethylamines /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN404-86-4 (Capsaicin); 88813-36-9 (galanin) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001773 TIGalanin-like immunoreactivity in capsaicin sensitive sensory neurons and ganglia. ABIn rats treated with capsaicin (CAP) as neonates, galanin-like (GA) immunoreactivity is markedly decreased in the trigeminal ganglion and the dorsal root ganglia as well as in the superficial layers of the dorsal spinal cord (laminae I and II), the substantia gelatinosa, the nucleus and tractus of the spinal trigeminal nerve and the nucleus commissuralis. Since CAP causes selective degeneration of primary sensory neurons of the C-fiber type and type B-cells of sensory ganglia, it is concluded that GA in CAP-sensitive primary sensory neurons represents a novel peptidergic system possibly involved in the transformation or modulation of peripheral nociceptive impulses. This system differs from the CAP-resistant GA-like neurons in other brain areas. AUSkofitsch G; Jacobowitz DM EM8601 ID3 F05 TWO 3293-01S2 BI-5 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p191-5 MJCapsaicin; Nervous System; Peptides MNAnimals, Newborn; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Ganglia, Spinal /ME; Neurons, Afferent /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Semilunar Ganglion /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 51-83-2 (Carbachol); 56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001774 TIMonoamine, amino acid and cholinergic interactions in slices of rat cerebral cortex. ABInteractions of monoamine, amino acid and cholinergic transmitter systems were studied in slices of rat cerebral cortex using a superfusion procedure and measuring release of endogenous dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), GABA, glutamate (GLU) and aspartate (ASP). Depolarizing concentrations of K+ were used to induce a Ca2+-dependent, Mg2+-inhibited release of the monoamines and amino acids. Submaximal release of the monoamines and amino acids was observed at 35 mM K+, which permitted studies of possible excitatory or inhibitory actions of the added agents. The 35 mM K+-stimulated, Ca2+-dependent release of GABA was inhibited 40, 30 and 25% by 100 microM NE, DA and 5-HT, respectively. The release of GLU was potentiated by NE and reduced by DA. Both DA and 5-HT inhibited the release of ASP. The Ca2+-dependent, K+-stimulated release of endogenous NE, DA and 5-HT was not altered by 100 microM GABA, GLU or ASP. However, 100 microM GLU did enhance the stimulated release of GABA. The cholinergic agonist, carbachol, enhanced the stimulated release of NE, 5-HT and GLU 10, 60 and 40%, respectively. On the other hand, carbachol attenuated the release of DA and GABA approximately 20%. One interpretation of the data is that the amino acid transmitter pathways in slices of the cerebral cortex of the rat can be controlled by monoaminergic and cholinergic systems while the monoamine afferents appear to have a cholinergic regulation but not a major direct amino acid transmitter influence. AUFlint RS; Murphy JM; Calkins PM; McBride WJ EM8601 IDNS 19286; AA 03243 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p197-202 MJAmino Acids; Biogenic Amines; Cerebral Cortex; Neuroregulators MNAspartic Acid /PD; Carbachol /PD; Dopamine /PD; Glutamates /PD; Norepinephrine /PD; Rats; Serotonin /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001775 TIVisual circadian rhythmicity in splitbrain crayfish: a plastic behavioral expression of symmetric circadian pacemakers. ABElectroretinographic evoked potentials (ERG's) were continuously recorded in dark-adapted, splitbrain crayfishes Procambarus bouvieri. Pulses of light (0.95 cd/m2) illuminating the left or the right eyes were alternatively applied every 15 or 30 min. As compared to intact crayfish, uni or bilateral damping or suppression of circadian retinal sensitivity rhythm could be caused by surgical bisection of cerebral ganglion in these crustaceans. The damped ERG circadian rhythm was rapidly reversed by reduction or elimination of the test light stimulus to the contralateral eye. Given the redundant processing of pacemaking information coming from bilaterally positioned cephalic circadian pacemakers to the central nervous system in splitbrain crayfish, photodependent damping of ERG rhythm revealed a plastic potential of central circadian pacemakers. The possibility that a strong but reversible inhibitory influence acts simultaneously upon the left and right protocerebral circadian pacemakers while receiving bilateral photic stimulation is considered. AUBarrera-Mera B EM8601 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p203-8 MJCircadian Rhythm; Crayfish; Eye; Ganglia; Vision MNElectrophysiology; Neuronal Plasticity MTAnimal RN113-79-1 (Argipressin) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001776 TIPerfusion of vasopressin within the ventral septum of the rabbit suppresses endotoxin fever. ABThe antipyretic action of arginine vasopressin (AVP), administered into a lateral cerebral ventricle or directly into the brain tissue via push-pull perfusion, was investigated in conscious New Zealand White rabbits. Administration of AVP into a lateral cerebral ventricle (ICV) was ineffective in reducing an endotoxin-induced fever and did not alter body temperature in the afebrile rabbit. Control push-pull perfusions with the carrier vehicle were without effect on endotoxin fevers or normal body temperature. Perfusion of the vehicle containing AVP provided significant antipyretic activity against both intravenous (IV) and ICV endotoxin without affecting normal body temperature. Both the maximum fever height and the fever index were significantly reduced during AVP perfusion. Tissue sites in which AVP was found to be antipyretic were located in the rostroventral parts of the septal region, at sites similar to those where perfusion of the peptide caused antipyresis in the sheep and rat. These results support the hypothesis that AVP, or a closely related molecule, may modulate fever within the central nervous system. AUNaylor AM; Ruwe WD; Kohut AF; Veale WL EM8601 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p209-13 MJAnalgesics, Anti-Inflammatory; Argipressin; Bacterial Toxins; Fever /DT; Septum Pellucidum MNBrain Mapping; Fever /CI; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections; Rabbits; Salmonella MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN16502-01-5 (tryptoline); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 58-25-3 (Chlordiazepoxide) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001777 TIMonoamine transmitter release induced by tetrahydro-beta-carboline perfused in hippocampus of the unrestrained rat. ABGuide cannulae for unilateral push-pull perfusion were implanted stereotaxically to rest just dorsal to the hippocampus of the rat. On recovery, a tissue site in the hippocampus was double-labelled with a 1.0 microliter volume of [14C]-5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and [3H]-norepinephrine (NE). Then the site was perfused by means of push-pull cannulae at a rate of 25 microliters/min with an osmotically-balanced CSF. When tetrahydro-beta-carboline (THBC) was added to the CSF perfusate in a concentration of 0.5-5.0 micrograms/125 microliters, the pattern of efflux of both of the monoamines exhibited an increase in release which was either immediate or delayed depending on the concentration and site of the hippocampal perfusion. Further, if the interval of a sequence of repeated perfusions was less than one day, the efflux of either [3H]-NE or [14C]-5-HT was attenuated. The addition of chlordiazepoxide to the CSF perfusate in a dose of 1.6 microgram/1.0 microliter did not affect the resting efflux of either of the monoamines, but did tend to reduce the THBC-induced release. A morphological ╥mapping╙ showed that the anatomical sites of perfusion in the hippocampus were homologous to those within which THBC injected locally induces anxiety-like behavior in the rat. Thus, it is envisaged that this beta-carboline serves to alter the behavior of the animal by a differential shift in the synaptic activity of monoamines within neurons of this limbic system structure which is implicated in emotional responses. AUHuttunen P; Spencer BA; Myers RD EM8601 IDAA 04200-04 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p215-20 MJCarbolines; Hippocampus; Norepinephrine; Serotonin MNChlordiazepoxide /PD; Kinetics; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001778 TISimultaneous recording of substantia nigra neurons and voltammetric release of dopamine in the caudate of behaving cats. ABSimultaneous electrophysiological recordings of single dopamine-containing neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and the voltammetric release of dopamine in the caudate were made in the behaving cat. Unit activity showed no significant changes during sleep and small changes during active waking, while the release of dopamine in post-synaptic target regions of the caudate nucleus decreased by approximately 35% during sleep and increased approximately 50% during movement. These data demonstrate that recording the electrophysiological activity of single dopamine-containing neurons alone does not accurately reflect the functional state of the central dopamine system. The present study is the first report on the simultaneous measurement of the post-synaptic release of a neurotransmitter and the electrophysiological recording of neurons identified to contain that transmitter substance. AUTrulson ME EM8601 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p221-3 MJCaudate Nucleus; Dopamine; Substantia Nigra MNCats; Neural Pathways /PH; Sleep /PH MTAnimal; Female; Male RN487-79-6 (Kainic Acid) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001779 TISuppression of self-stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex after local micro-injection of kainic acid in the rat. ABThe question of whether neurons versus fibers of passage in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) are essential in maintaining self-stimulation of this same area of the brain was examined. Rats were prepared with electrode-guide cannulae implanted stereotaxically to rest within MPC. A micro-injection of (KA), 10 nmol/1.0 microliter, into the right MPC produced a clear degeneration of neuronal cell bodies characterized by picnocytosis and glial invasion of the tissue surrounding the tip of the electrode. These histopathological changes were correlated with a permanent abolition of self-stimulation of the right MPC. In contrast, self-stimulation of the contralateral side of the MPC, micro-injected with 0.9% NaCl vehicle as a control, was unaffected. These results suggest that neurons of the MPC are part of the neural substrate underlying self-stimulation behavior in this cortical area of the rat. AUFerrer JM; Myers RD; Mora F EM8601 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p225-8 MJFrontal Lobe; Kainic Acid; Self Stimulation MNMicroinjections; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RNEC 1.14.16.2 (Tyrosine Hydroxylase); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001780 TIIdentification of dopamine-containing cell bodies in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei of the rat brain using tyrosine hydroxylase immunochemistry. ABUsing immunohistochemical methods with antibodies specific to tyrosine hydroxylase, we examined the distribution of dopaminergic cells in the dorsal and median raphe nucleus of the rat brain. Although dopamine-containing cell bodies were previously thought to be almost exclusively confined to the substantia nigra pars compacta, ventral tegmental area, and tuberoinfundibular system, we found numerous cell bodies which stained for tyrosine hydroxylase in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. AUTrulson ME; Cannon MS; Raese JD EM8601 ID1R01 NS 22037-01 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p229-34 MJDopamine; Raphe Nuclei; Tyrosine Hydroxylase MNImmunoenzyme Technics; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001781 TI[The age risk in Down's syndrome and its prevention] AUCernay J TT[Vekove riziko pri Downovom syndrome a jeho prevencia.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p249-57 MJDown's Syndrome; Maternal Age 35 and over; Maternal Age MNAdult; Czechoslovakia; Down's Syndrome /PC; Middle Age; Pregnancy; Risk MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human RN55837-19-9 (exaprolol) IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001782 TI[Antihypertensive action of exaprolol and its analogs] AUDrimal J ; Borovicova F ; Gibala P; Rybar A TT[Antihypertenzivna aktivita exaprololu a jeho analogov.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p258-72 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Hypertension, Renovascular; Propanolamines MNDogs; Hypertension, Renovascular /PP; Stress, Psychological /PP MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN17411-19-7 (dicarbine) IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001783 TI[The effect of substance DH 1011 on vascular smooth muscle] AUSotnikova R ; Gibala P; Drimal J TT[Ovplyvnenie hladkeho svalu ciev latkou DH 1011.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p273-8 MJCarbolines; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular MNArteries /DE; Coronary Vessels /DE; Dogs; Hindlimb /BS MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001784 TI[Use of apatite ceramic in stomatological implants] AUGabor T ; Kristin J ; Satko I; Vasko J ; Andrik P; Novotna L ; Kristinova A TT[Pouzitie apatitovej keramiky v stomatologickej implantologii.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p278-87 MJApatites; Ceramics; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Femur; Implants, Artificial MNDental Materials; Femur /CY; Rabbits; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001785 TI[Humidification and warming of respiratory gases in high-frequency jet pulmonary ventilation] AUTorok P TT[Zvlhcovanie a ohrievanie dychacich plynov pri vysokofrekvencnej dyzovej ventilacii pl'uc.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p288-92 MJRespiration, Artificial /MT MNHeat; Humidity; Respiration, Artificial /IS MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN469-62-5 (Propoxyphene) IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001786 TI[The effect of l-propoxyphene on experimental cough] AUStrapkova A ; Nosal'ova G ; Korpas J TT[Ovplyvnenie experimentalneho kasl'a l-propoxyfenom.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p293-9 MJAntitussive Agents; Cough; Propoxyphene MNCats; Cough /PP MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001787 TI[The importance of one-time aorto-arteriography in vascular surgery] AUBencur JM ; Moravec R; Zernovicky F ; Mrlik J ; Labas P ; Kubis J TT[Vyznam jednorazovej aortoarteriografie pre cievnu chirurgiu.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p300-7 MJAngiography; Aortography; Femoral Artery; Ischemia /SU; Leg MNAdult; Ischemia /RA; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001788 TI[Vagotomy and gastroduodenal hemorrhage] AUDanis J ; Olejnik J ; Kukura J; Uhnavy P TT[Vagotomia a krvacanie z gastroduodena.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p308-13 MJDuodenal Diseases; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal; Vagotomy MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001789 TI[Appendicitis in children] AUDragula M; Slamen J ; Stiegler P; Slamenova A ; De Riggo J TT[Prispevok k problematike apendicitid u deti.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p314-9 MJAppendicitis MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Postoperative Complications MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001790 TI[The importance of radiotherapy in enthesis pathology of the elbow joint] AUVilcek E TT[Vyznam radioterapie pri entezopatiach laktoveho klbu.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p320-5 MJElbow Joint MNAdult; Aged; Joint Diseases /RA; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001791 TI[Malignant lymphoma of the stomach] AUZavarsky F ; Slamen J ; Plank L; Tomoriova K TT[Maligny lymfom zaludka.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p326-35 MJLymphoma; Stomach Neoplasms MNAdult; Middle Age; Sarcoma /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN52-67-5 (Penicillamine) IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001792 TI[A syndrome similar to systemic lupus erythematosus caused by penicillamine in patients with Wilson's disease] AUKalina P; Prochazkova L ; Hauftova D TT[Syndrom podobny systemovemu lupus erythematosus vyvolany penicilaminom u pacienta s Wilsonovou chorobou.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p336-40 MJHepatolenticular Degeneration; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Penicillamine MNAdult; Penicillamine /TU; Syndrome MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001794 TI[The role of hormone systems in the phylogenetic development and integration of higher orders of animals] AULanger P TT[Uloha hormonalnych systemov vo fylogenetickom vyvoji a v integracii organizmu vyssich zivocichov.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p346-58 MJCybernetics; Evolution; Hormones; Phylogeny MNHormones /PH; Neuroregulators MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Human IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001795 TI[Dr. Jozef Pantocek--a pioneer in radiobiology and algology in Slovakia] AUVilcek E PSPantocek J TT[MUDr. Jozef Pantocek--priekopnik radiobiologie a algologie na Slovensku.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p359-65 MNBotany /HI; Czechoslovakia; History of Medicine, 19th Cent.; Pain /TH; Plants, Medicinal; Radiography /HI MCEnglish Abstract; Historical Article; Historical Biography IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001814 TI[Eulogy of Guy Laroche (1884-1984)] AURoche J PSLaroche Guy TT[Eloge de Guy Laroche (1884-1984).] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p211-6 MNEndocrinology /HI; France; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Portraits MCCurrent Biog-Obit; Historical Article IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001815 TI[Toward conservative surgery of the spleen] AUBorges d'Almeida JA TT[Pour une chirurgie reglee de la rate.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p217-24 MJSpleen /SU; Splenectomy MNBacterial Infections /ET; Postoperative Complications; Spleen /IN; Splenic Diseases /TH MTAnimal; Human IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001816 TI[From Georges Heuyer's thesis on juvenile delinquents to the present situation] AUDuche DJ TT[De la these de Georges Heuyer sur les delinquants juveniles a la situation presente.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p225-30 MJJuvenile Delinquency /RH; Mental Health Services /OG MNAdolescence; Child; Emergencies; France; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Hospital Units /OG; Juvenile Delinquency /LJ /PX; Mental Health Services /HI MCEnglish Abstract; Historical Article MTFemale; Human; Male RN13551-87-6 (Misonidazole); 7439-88-5 (Iridium); 7440-14-4 (Radium) IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001817 TI[A new method of curietherapy, more efficient and better tolerated: 2-stage curietherapy with changing of the position of the sources and the radiosensitizer] AUBaillet F TT[Une nouvelle methode de curietherapie plus efficace et mieux toleree: la curietherapie en 2 temps avec changement de position des sources et radiosensibilisant.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p231-8 MJBrachytherapy; Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms MNFollow-Up Studies; Iridium /TU; Misonidazole /TU; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radium /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001818 TI[Pregnancy following breast cancer surgery (27 pregnancies in 23 women)] AUVerhaeghe M; Querleu D; Laurent JC; Verhaeghe Y TT[Grossesses apres cancer du sein opere (27 grossesses chez 23 femmes).] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p241-9 MJAdenocarcinoma; Breast Neoplasms; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic MNAdenocarcinoma /MO /SU; Breast Neoplasms /MO /SU; Follow-Up Studies; Mastectomy; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pregnancy; Prognosis MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001819 TI[Current aspects of hepatic amebiasis] AULaverdant C TT[Aspects actuels de l'amibiase hepatique.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p251-9 MJLiver Abscess, Amebic MNAdult; Follow-Up Studies; Liver Abscess, Amebic /DT; Nitroimidazoles /TU; Serodiagnosis; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN7553-56-2 (Iodine); 9010-34-8 (Thyroglobulin) IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001820 TI[Modulation of thyroid hormone synthesis by thyroglobulin] AULissitzky S TT[Modulation de la synthese des hormones thyroidiennes par la thyroglobuline.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p261-6 MJThyroglobulin /PD; Thyroid Hormones MNDiet; Iodine /AN /ME; Swine; Thyroglobulin /AN /ME MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Human IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001821 TI[Tobacco addiction invades the Third World] AUFreour P TT[Le tabagisme envahit le Tiers-Monde.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p267-72 MJDeveloping Countries; Smoking MNAdolescence; Adult; Economics; Health Policy; Smoking /PC MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001822 TI[The activity of human coronary arteries in vitro] AUGodfraind T TT[Activites des arteres coronaires humaines in vitro.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p273-80 MJCardiovascular Agents; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Vessels MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Calcium Channel Blockers /PD; Child; Coronary Vessels /PH; Middle Age; Vasoconstrictor Agents /PD; Vasodilator Agents /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman; In Vitro IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001823 TI[Somatic aspects of infantile autism] AULelord G; Hameury L; Bruneau N; Barthelemy C; Muh JP TT[Aspects somatiques de l'autisme infantile.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p281-6 MJAutism, Infantile /ET MNAutism, Infantile /DI /TH; Brain /PP; Child Behavior Disorders /DI; Electroencephalography; Infant MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN50-78-2 (Aspirin) IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001824 TI[Weakness of the gastric mucous barrier and hypersthenic dyspepsia] AUBernier JJ; Florent C TT[La faiblesse de la barriere muqueuse gastrique et la dyspepsie hypersthenique.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p291-6 MJDyspepsia; Gastric Mucosa /PP MNAspirin /DU /PD; Colonic Diseases /PP; Dyspepsia /PP; Gastric Mucosa /DE; Gastroscopy; Membrane Potentials /DE; Stomach Diseases /CO MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001825 TI[The contribution of music therapy to the management of schizophrenia] AUPailles JV TT[L'apport de la musicotherapie a la prise en charge des schizophrenes.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p297-304 MJMusic Therapy; Schizophrenia MNAdult; Communication; Schizophrenia, Disorganized /TH; Schizophrenic Psychology MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001826 TI[Conjunctival grafts using lyophilized tissue] AUStraub W TT[Les greffes conjonctivales avec du tissu lyophilise.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p331-5 MJBurns, Chemical; Conjunctival Diseases; Conjunctiva /TR; Eye Burns; Tissue Preservation MNCadaver; Conjunctiva /IN /SU; Freeze Drying; Transplantation, Homologous MTHuman RN471-34-1 (Calcium Carbonate) IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001827 TI[Pancreatic lithogenesis] AUSarles H TT[Lithogenese pancreatique.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p337-43 MJCalculi; Pancreatitis MNCalcium Carbonate /AN; Calculi /PP; Chronic Disease; Pancreatic Juice /AN; Pancreatitis /PP; Proteins /AN MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001828 TI[Eulogy of Pierre Nicolle (1898-1984)] AULe Minor L PSNicolle P TT[Eloge de Pierre Nicolle (1898-1984).] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p347-52 MNFrance; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Microbiology /HI; Portraits; Virology /HI MCCurrent Biog-Obit; Historical Article RN9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen); 9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001829 TI[Consumption coagulopathies observed in intensive care units (apropos of 359 cases)] AULarcan A TT[Coagulopathies de consommation observees en milieu de reanimation (a propos de 359 observations).] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p353-62 MJDisseminated Intravascular Coagulation MNBlood Coagulation Tests; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation /ET /TH; Fibrinogen /AN; France; Hemorrhage /DI; Heparin /TU; Intensive Care Units; Pregnancy; Shock /DI MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001830 TI[The immunologic diagnosis of leptospirosis: comparison of the ELISA technic with the agglutination-lysis reaction] AUMailloux M; Dufresne Y TT[Le diagnostic immunologique des leptospiroses: comparaison de la technique ELISA a la reaction d'agglutination-lyse.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p363-7 MJAgglutination Tests; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Leptospirosis MNAntigens, Bacterial /AN; Leptospira /IM MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001831 TI[Secondary prevention of myocardial infarct using beta-blockers] AUVacheron A TT[Prevention secondaire de l'infarctus myocardique par les beta-bloquants.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p369-73 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Myocardial Infarction /PC MNClinical Trials; Myocardial Infarction /MO; Random Allocation; Recurrence MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001832 TI[Georges Duhamel. Address of the President of the National Academy of Medicine] AUTayeau F PSDuhamel G TT[Georges Duhamel. Allocution du president de l'Academie Nationale de Medecine.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p375-8 MNFrance; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Societies, Medical MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001833 TI[Georges Duhamel, the writer] AUWolff E PSDuhamel G TT[Georges Duhamel, l'ecrivain.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p379-83 MNFrance; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Literature, Modern MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001834 TI[Georges Duhamel and medicine] AUKuss R PSDuhamel G TT[Georges Duhamel et la medecine.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p385-91 MNFrance; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Literature, Modern; Medicine in Literature MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001835 TI[Georges Duhamel, the army doctor] AULefebvre P PSDuhamel G TT[Georges Duhamel, le medecin aux armees.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p393-8 MNFrance; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Military Medicine /HI MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001836 TI[Georges Duhamel, President of the Alliance Francaise] AUPortmann G PSDuhamel G TT[Georges Duhamel, president de l'Alliance francaise.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p399-404 MNFrance; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Societies /HI MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001837 TI[Georges Duhamel, singer of music] AUBrehant J PSDuhamel G TT[Georges Duhamel, chantre de la musique.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p405-9 MNFrance; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Music /HI MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001838 TI[Bioavailability, a generally little known concept] AUFerrando R TT[La biodisponibilite, une notion generale meconnue.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p411-6 MJBiological Availability MNDiet; Drugs /ME; Food; Nutrition; Toxins /ME MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RNEC 2.1.1.37 (DNA (Cytosine-5-); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001839 TI[The effects of carcinogens bound to DNA on the biologic methylation of this DNA. Possible role in chemical carcinogenesis] AUDirheimer G; Pfohl-Leszkowicz A TT[Influence des cancerogenes fixes a l'ADN sur la methylation biologique de cet ADN. Role possible dans la cancerogenese chimique.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p417-21 MJCarcinogens; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase; DNA MNCell Differentiation; Methylation; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN7439-89-6 (Iron) IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001840 TI[Biologic update on hemochromatosis] AUBourel M; Brissot P; Simon M TT[Actualites biologiques sur les hemochromatoses.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p423-31 MJHemochromatosis MNGenetic Marker; HLA Antigens /AN; Hemochromatosis /FG /ME; Iron /AN /BL; Liver /AN; Models, Biological MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN58569-55-4 (Enkephalin, Methionine); 60617-12-1 (beta-endorphin) IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001841 TIThe role of endorphins in septicaemic shock: a pilot study in burned patients. ABThere is recent evidence that circulating opioid peptides, or 'endorphins', act as chemical messengers responsible for the induction of the complex cardiovascular changes leading to hypotension in septicaemic shock. The pilot study of an investigation of opioid peptides in septicaemia in burned patients is presented. Serial measurements of plasma beta-endorphin and metenkephalin were performed throughout the recovery of six patients with large burns (20-70 per cent BSA). Our preliminary findings concur with previous evidence that opioid peptides may play a role in the hypotension of septicaemic shock. AUElliot D; Everitt AS; Gault D; Quaba AA; Hackett ME; Howlett TA; Tomlin SJ; Rees LH EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p387-92 MJBurns; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Shock, Septic MNAdolescence; Adult; Middle Age; Radioimmunoassay MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001842 TIIdentification and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from burned patients. ABWe retrieved bacterial blood isolates from 397 adult burned patients admitted over a 7-year period. Sixty-two patients (15.6 per cent) developed true-positive bacterial blood cultures (judged non-contaminants), and of these 30 (48.4 per cent) expired. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24 isolates), Staphylococcus aureus (19) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (19) were the most frequent isolates. In vitro susceptibilities of 149 isolates were determined to 12 antibiotics (gentamicin, amikacin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin, azlocillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, thienamycin and ticarcillin-clavulinic acid) using agar diffusion assay. Thienamycin proved the most active agent (97 per cent of isolates susceptible). Cefoperazone was the most active cephalosporin (95 per cent susceptible). Twenty-eight organisms demonstrated multiple drug resistance; patients with such organisms had a 71 per cent mortality. Thienamycin was the most active agent against such isolates (27/28 susceptible). Susceptibilities of all 149 isolates to combinations of antibiotics were calculated, assuming no synergism or antagonism; some combinations of third-generation cephalosporins with the newer penicillins may prove to be as effective as combinations including aminoglycosides. AUHansbrough JF; Carroll WB; Zapata-Sirvent RL; Reller BR; Boswick JA EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p393-403 MJAntibiotics; Bacterial Infections /MI; Bacteria; Burns /MI MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections /BL /ET; Bacteria /IP; Burns /BL /CO; Middle Age MTHuman; In Vitro IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001843 TIIncidence of burn wound sepsis in 600 burned patients treated in a developing country. ABInfection is the most important problem in the treatment of burns in a developing country. A burn compromises a major body protective mechanism, namely the skin. Hence, the susceptibility to local infection increases at these sites. The incidence of burn wound sepsis is very high in south India as the socio-economic conditions and the standard of personal hygiene are poor and the hot moist climatic conditions encourage bacterial growth. These three factors are rarely present in the temperate zone countries of Europe and North America. This study was undertaken to identify more clearly the factors that are responsible for the higher incidence of burn wound infection and to formulate methods of treatment which are appropriate for our patient population living in a tropical country. AURamakrishnan KM; Rao DK; Doss CR; Mathivanan T; Manokaran G; Ramachandran K; Jayaraman V; Venkatachalapathy R; Thyagarajan SP EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p404-7 MJBacterial Infections /OC; Burns; Wound Infection /OC MNAdolescence; Adult; Bacteria, Aerobic /IP; Bacteria, Anaerobic /IP; Bacterial Infections /ET /MI /TH; Child, Preschool; Child; Fungi /IP; India; Infant; Middle Age; Wound Infection /ET /MI /TH MTFemale; Human; In Vitro; Male IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001844 TIHistopathological and ultrastructural change in liver tissue from burned patients. ABHistopathological studies were made on samples of liver and spleen tissue taken post mortem from 59 patients with severe burns. Samples from 8 patients were also studied using the transmission electron microscope. The main pathological findings were degeneration and necrosis of hepatic cells and proliferation of Kupffer cells showing active phagocytosis. Their causes in relation to the time of death after burning and severity of injury have been discussed. The proliferation of Kupffer cells may be a compensatory reaction to the severe splenic injury seen in the patients. AUChen YS; Li N; Shi JQ; Li YP; Davies JW EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p408-18 MJBurns; Liver MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Liver /UL; Middle Age; Spleen /PA /UL MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001845 TIRole of escharotomy and fasciotomy as a first aid measure in the early treatment of an electrically burned arm and wrist. ABThe saving of the hand and forearm of a patient with a deep circumferential electrical burn of the wrist and forearm following contact with 10 000 V AC demonstrates the important role played by escharotomy and fasciotomy in the early treatment of electrically injured extremities. AUWang XW; Sang HH; Davies JW; MacMillan BG; Robinson WA EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p419-22 MJBurns, Electric /SU; Fascia; Forearm /SU; Wrist /SU MNAdult; Burns, Electric /PA; Forearm /BS /PA; Ischemia /SU; Wrist /BS /PA MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001846 TIElectrical injuries due to railway high tension cables. ABWe have noted a large number of young boys being admitted to our Unit with burns due to railway high tension cables. On review of these cases we have noted: most of the burns were due to arcing, there is a high level of ignorance among the population at risk. We propose some ways of preventing these injuries. AUReichl M; Kay S EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p423-6 MJBurns, Electric; Railroads MNAdolescence; Burns, Electric /PC; Child MTHuman; Male IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001847 TIBurn injuries from portable butane camping stoves. ABAdmissions to the Wessex Regional Burns Unit for injuries sustained whilst using portable butane camping stoves are reviewed. There have been 31 cases of such injuries in the past 10 years with one fatal outcome. Most accidents occurred while changing the canister. The number of accidents occurring suggests that these stoves must be regarded as intrinsically very hazardous and that a greater awareness of the dangers by users is necessary. AUSaxby PJ; Shakespeare PG EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p427-8 MJBlast Injuries; Burns, Chemical; Butanes; Camping MNBlast Injuries /OC; Burns, Chemical /OC MTHuman IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001848 TISurvival of an extensively burned child following use of fragments of autograft skin overlain with meshed allograft skin. ABThis report describes the survival of an extensively burned child following the use of fragments of autograft skin overlain with meshed allograft skin. This procedure is thought to be very useful for treating extensively and deeply burned patients, especially children with limited autograft donor sites. AUSawada Y EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p429-33 MJBurns /SU; Skin MNBurns /PA; Child; Transplantation, Autologous /MT; Transplantation, Homologous /MT MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001849 TIBurn wound complicated by marked neurofibromatosis. AUGilbert PM EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p434-5 MJBack; Burns; Neurofibromatosis MNBack /PA /SU; Burns /SU; Middle Age; Neurofibromatosis /SU; Skin /TR MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001850 TIMedical social work in the burns unit. ABThis paper presents the social problem resolving processes in a burns unit integrated in the general hospital service in a welfare society. The social work opens possibilities of improving both patient relationships and society relationships. AUBruun L EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p436-9 MJBurn Units; Hospital Departments; Intensive Care Units; Social Work Department, Hospital MNAccidents; Handicapped; Mental Disorders; Patients /CL /PX MTHuman RN299-28-5 (Calcium Gluconate); 7664-39-3 (Hydrofluoric Acid) IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001851 TIIntra-arterial infusions in the treatment of hydrofluoric acid burns. ABBurns due to hydrofluoric acid are uncommon, but are severe injuries. The mode of action is discussed briefly and the routine management of these patients is outlined. The use of intra-arterial infusions of calcium gluconate is stressed, and case reports are given to support its use. AUPegg SP; Siu S; Gillett G EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p440-3 MJBurns, Chemical; Calcium Gluconate; Gluconates; Hydrofluoric Acid; Infusions, Intra-Arterial MNAccidents, Occupational; Adult; Burns, Chemical /ET /PC MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001852 TIBandages of boiled potato peels. ABThe use of potato peels as a dressing for burn wounds has been reported previously. A technique of preparing bandage rolls with boiled potato peels is now presented, which makes dressing of a burn wound more convenient. AUPatil AR; Keswani MH EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p444-5 MJBandages; Burns; Potatoes MTHuman RNEC 1.- (Aromatase); 125-84-8 (Aminoglutethimide); 13256-45-6 (aminoglutethimide phosphate); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 53-43-0 (Dehydroepiandrosterone); 633-35-2 (androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione) IS0249-6313 LAFrench JCCA1 SBM UI86001862 TI[Aminoglutethimide, an inhibitor of aromatase from chick embryo ovary] ABThe gonads from 13-day-old female chick embryos were cultured in vitro on TC medium 199, and oestradiol production was measured by radioimmunoassay. In the presence of dehydroepiandrosterone as substrate, oestradiol synthesis was markedly increased, but when aminoglutethimide was also present, it was greatly reduced, depending on the concentration of the drug. This result demonstrates inhibition of the aromatizing enzyme system of the chick embryo ovary by aminoglutethimide in vitro. However, sex differentiation of the female gonads was not modified after in vivo treatment. Since it is not known whether their production is completely suppressed in vivo, the hypothesis cannot be dismissed that oestrogens play a role in ovarian differentiation. AUWeniger JP; Vaultier JP; Coumaros G; Zeis A TT[L'aminoglutethimide, inhibiteur de l'aromatase de l'ovaire embryonnaire de Poulet.] EM8601 SOC R Acad Sci [III] (France), 1985, 301(2) p37-40 MJAminoglutethimide; Aromatase; Ovary /EN; Sex Differentiation MNAminoglutethimide /PD; Androstatrienes /PD; Chick Embryo; Dehydroepiandrosterone /ME; Estradiol /BI; Estrogens /PH; Organ Culture; Ovary /EM MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN66796-54-1 (Pro-Opiomelanocortin); 9002-79-3 (MSH) IS0249-6313 LAFrench JCCA1 SBM UI86001863 TI[Immunocytochemical localization of alpha-melanotropin in bovine placenta] ABThe immunocytochemical study of the bovine placenta has demonstrated the presence of cells containing alphamelanotropic hormones, in the decidual epithelium, since the 4th month of pregnancy. The number and the staining intensity of those cells grow up with the placental development. Since the 6th month, we observed the immunoreactional presence of cells in the foetal chorionic epithelium. AUVerstegen J; Fellmann D; Beckers JF TT[Localisation immunocytochimique de l'alphamelanotropine dans le placenta bovin.] EM8601 SOC R Acad Sci [III] (France), 1985, 301(2) p41-6 MJMSH; Placenta MNAmnion /CY; Cattle; Chorion /CY; Decidua /CY; Epithelium /CY; Gestational Age; Histocytochemistry; Immunoenzyme Technics; MSH /BI; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Placenta /ME; Pregnancy; Pro-Opiomelanocortin /ME MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0249-6313 LAFrench JCCA1 SBM UI86001864 TI[Comparison of chain breaks produced in DNA in vivo by gamma rays and neutrons; hypothesis of a new DNA radiolesion] ABUsing the method of alkaline elution for the treatment of cell DNA in chinese hamster fibroblasts irradiated with low doses of either cobalt-60 gamma rays or p (34 MeV) Be neutrons, we determined the kinetics of radio-induced strand breaks. The comparison gamma rays-neutrons reveals important discrepancies which suggest that neutrons induce a so for unknown reaction in DNA simultaneously with single and double strand breakage. This observation could contribute to explain the high RBE value of high LET particles. AUEkert B; Sabattier R; Pironin M; Latarjet R TT[Comparaison des ruptures de chaine produites dans l'ADN in vivo par les rayons gamma et les neutrons; hypothese d'une nouvelle radiolesion de l'ADN.] EM8601 SOC R Acad Sci [III] (France), 1985, 301(3) p53-6 MJDNA MNClone Cells /RE; Gamma Rays; Hamsters; Kidney; Kinetics; Neutrons; Ultrafiltration MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN7585-39-9 (beta-cyclodextrin); 9005-25-8 (Starch); 96-64-0 (Soman) IS0249-6313 LAFrench JCCA1 SBM UI86001865 TI[Inactivation of soman by beta-cyclodextrin] ABSoman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate), a mixture of four stereoisomers, is inactivated appreciably in Tris buffer, pH 7.40, mu = 0.155 at 25 degrees C by beta-cyclodextrin (cycloheptaamylose, beta-CD). Under these conditions, the dissociation constant Kd of the 1:1 complex formed by beta-CD and soman and the rate constant k2 for the phosphonylation of beta-CD by soman are (0.53 +/- 0.05)mM and (5.9 +/- 0.6) X 10(-2) min-1 respectively. It results that the inactivation of soman by the mono-anion of beta-CD is about 2,600 times faster than the hydrolysis of soman by the hydroxide ion. The inactivation of both P(-) isomers of soman by beta-CD proceeds apparently at the same rate but both P(+) isomers react more slowly. Thus the interaction is stereospecific. The inactivation of soman by beta-CD appears to be as fast in human plasma in vitro as in Tris buffer. AUSaint-Andre S ; Desire B TT[Inactivation du soman par la beta-cyclodextrine.] EM8601 SOC R Acad Sci [III] (France), 1985, 301(3) p67-72 MJCyclodextrins; Dextrins; Soman /ME; Starch MNChemistry; Cyclodextrins /PD; Kinetics; Soman /AI; Stereoisomers MCEnglish Abstract RN487-79-6 (Kainic Acid) IS0249-6313 LAFrench JCCA1 SBM UI86001866 TI[Morphological changes of the terminations of afferent pathways in a neurodegenerative lesion induced by kainic acid] AB30 days after kainic acid injection into the rat ventrobasal thalamus, lemniscal afferents were labeled using wheat-germ agglutinin conjugated to HRP. They appeared considerably swollen in the area where neuronal post-synaptic targets had been eliminated. Electron microscopic analysis of the lesioned tissue revealed the presence of large profiles containing numerous organelles, particularly smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and giving rise to thin excrescences filled with neurofilaments. Since these morphological features are typical of regenerating ╥growth cones╙, we conclude that afferent terminals deprived of their post-synaptic targets undergo morphological changes preparing them for new synapses. AUPeschanski M; Poingt JP; Roudier F; Besson JM TT[Alterations morphologiques des terminaisons de voies afferentes lors d'une lesion neurodegenerative induite par l'acide kainique.] EM8601 SOC R Acad Sci [III] (France), 1985, 301(3) p83-8 MJKainic Acid; Thalamus MNAfferent Pathways /UL; Cytoskeleton /UL; Endoplasmic Reticulum /UL; Microscopy, Electron; Rats; Thalamus /UL MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN0 (mitogenic factor receptor); 16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate); 56937-68-9 (phorbolol myristate acetate) IS0249-6313 LAFrench JCCA1 SBM UI86001867 TI[Phorbol diester induces phenotypic and functional changes in human T-lymphocyte clones] ABTumor promoting phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) induce to enhance the expression of IL2 Receptor and to decrease the antigen receptor expression on the cell surface. The same phenotypic changes are also observed when the T cell clones are stimulated by the specific ligand. In contrast to the IL2 Receptor induced by the specific antigen, the ones induced by PMA are less active. AUBensussan A; Bourge JF; Reinherz EL; Degos L; Sasportes M TT[Le phorbol diester induit au niveau de clones de lymphocytes T humains des modifications phenotypiques et fonctionnelles.] EM8601 SOC R Acad Sci [III] (France), 1985, 301(4) p121-4 MJPhorbols; T Lymphocytes; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate /PD MNAntigens, Surface /AN; Cell Division /DE; Clone Cells /DE; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Phenotype; Receptors, Immunologic /ME; T Lymphocytes /IM /PH; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate /AA MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Human IS0249-6313 LAFrench JCCA1 SBM UI86001868 TI[Administration of interferon suppresses clinical and electromyographic signs of myasthenia gravis experimentally transmitted from man to rats] ABIntramuscular injection of rat interferon to rats which have been rendered myasthenic after injection of whole blood from patients suffering from myasthenia gravis, suppressed rapidly and almost totally the clinical and electromyographical signs of the disease. Moreover, diseased rats injected with interferon immediately presented an increase in appetite, often accompanied with a rapid and important increase in body weight. AUCueva J; Loshl D ; Andre P ; Warter JM; Poindron P TT[L'administration d'interferon supprime les signes cliniques et electromyographiques de la myasthenia gravis transmise experimentalement de l'homme au rat.] EM8601 SOC R Acad Sci [III] (France), 1985, 301(4) p125-30 MJInterferons; Myasthenia Gravis /TH MNDisease Models, Animal; Electromyography; Feeding Behavior /DE; Myasthenia Gravis /PP; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Human IS0007-9235 LAEnglish JCCB5 SBA; M UI86001869 TIThe role of the family physician in the care of the child with cancer. ABCancer in the child is no longer a death sentence. Although the treatment has become complex, the survival rate has increased impressively. Modern treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach, which should include the primary physician as a key member of the highly skilled treatment team. AUFernbach DJ EM8601 SOCA (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 35(5) p258-70 MJNeoplasms /TH; Physician's Role; Physicians, Family; Role MNAntineoplastic Agents /TU; Autopsy; Child; Eye Neoplasms /TH; Gait; Immunization /AE; Neoplasms /CO /DI; Pain /ET; Patient Discharge; Patient Isolation; Professional-Family Relations; Referral and Consultation; Thrombocytopenia /ET MCReview MTHuman IS0007-9235 LAEnglish JCCB5 SBA; M UI86001870 TIDelayed consequences of therapy for childhood cancer. AUMeadows AT; Silber J EM8601 SOCA (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 35(5) p271-86 MJNeoplasms /TH MNAdolescence; Adult; Central Nervous System /DE /RE; Child Development /DE /RE; Child, Preschool; Child; Eye /DE /RE; Gastrointestinal System /DE /RE; Growth /DE /RE; Heart /DE /RE; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Liver /DE /RE; Lung /DE /RE; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms /PX; Reproduction /DE /RE; Time Factors; Urinary Tract /DE /RE MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-9235 LAEnglish JCCB5 SBA; M UI86001871 TIPediatric brain tumors: an overview. AUDuffner PK; Cohen ME; Freeman AI EM8601 SOCA (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 35(5) p287-301 MJBrain Neoplasms MNAdolescence; Antineoplastic Agents /AD; Astrocytoma /RT /SU; Brain Neoplasms /CO /DI /PP /TH; Brain Stem; Cerebellar Neoplasms /RT /SU; Child, Preschool; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Craniopharyngioma /RT /SU; Ependymoma /SU; Glioma /RT /SU; Long Term Care; Medulloblastoma /DT /RT /SU /TH; Prognosis MCReview MTHuman IS0007-9235 LAEnglish JCCB5 SBA; M UI86001872 TIImpediments to treatment and rehabilitation of the childhood cancer patient. AULansky SB EM8601 SOCA (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 35(5) p302-7 MJChild Behavior; Neoplasms /TH; Sick Role MNChild; Neoplasms /PX /RH; Object Attachment; Parent-Child Relations; Patient Compliance; Phobic Disorders /PX; Regression (Psychology); Schools MTHuman IS0007-9235 LAEnglish JCCB5 SBA; M UI86001873 TIA monocytic leukemoid reaction in a patient with myelodysplasia. AUWeitberg AB EM8601 SOCA (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 35(5) p308-10 MJLeukemoid Reaction; Neural Tube Defects MNAged; Leukocyte Count; Monocytes; Syndrome MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (cryoprecipitate coagulum); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen) IS0007-9235 LAEnglish JCCB5 SBA; M UI86001874 TITransfusion therapy for patients with cancer. AULichtiger B; Huh YO EM8601 SOCA (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 35(5) p311-6 MJBlood Transfusion; Neoplasms MNBlood Platelets /TR; Blood Transfusion /AE /MT; Erythrocytes /TR; Factor VIII /AD; Fibrinogen /AD; Freezing; Granulocytes /TR; Leukocytes /TR; Plasma /TR MCReview MTHuman IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001875 TI[Genetic and epidemiological study on schizophrenia] AUZhang YH EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p321-4 MJSchizophrenia MNChina; Questionnaires; Risk; Schizophrenia /OC MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN7439-93-2 (Lithium) IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001876 TI[Clinical study of 86 cases of manic-depressive psychosis] AUCai JB EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p325-8 MJBipolar Disorder /OC MNAdolescence; Adult; Bipolar Disorder /DT; Child; China; Depressive Disorder /DT /OC; Lithium /AD /TU; Manic Disorder /DT /OC; Middle Age; Prospective Studies MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001877 TI[98 cases of senile psychosis treated with antipsychotics] AULiu WH EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p329-31 MJDementia, Senile; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /TU MNAge Factors; Aged; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Age; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /AD /AE MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman; Male IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001878 TI[Seasonal relationship to the onset of affective psychoses] AUZhong XS; Xu HS EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p332-4 MJAffective Disorders, Psychotic MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; China; Middle Age; Seasons MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001879 TI[Detection of rotavirus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis] AUJiang JY EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p335-7 MJGastroenteritis; Rotaviruses MNAcute Disease; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Feces /MI; Infant MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001880 TI[Cerebral blood flow of 106 normal Chinese adults determined by 133Xe inhalation] AUTian WX EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p338-40 MJCerebrovascular Circulation MNAdult; Age Factors; China; Middle Age; Occupations; Reference Values; Sex Factors; Xenon Radioisotopes /DU MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001881 TI[Analysis of the effects of surgical treatment in 53 cases of nonspecific thyroiditis] AUHuo RZ EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p341-3 MJThyroiditis /SU MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Follow-Up Studies; Hyperthyroidism /CO; Middle Age; Thyroiditis /CO MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001882 TI[Abnormal low-density lipoprotein receptor activities in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemic patients] AUCai HJ EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p344-8 MJHomozygote; Hypercholesterolemia, Familial; Receptors, LDL MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; China; Hypercholesterolemia, Familial /FG; Pedigree; Xanthoma, Juvenile /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001883 TI[Placental trophoblastic tumor of the uterus: 5 cases] AUZhang JM EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p349-51 MJTrophoblastic Tumor; Uterine Neoplasms MNAdult; Choriocarcinoma /DI; Diagnosis, Differential; Pregnancy; Trophoblastic Tumor /PA; Uterine Neoplasms /PA MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001884 TI[Localization of HBsAg and HBcAg by peroxidase-labeled antibody] AUHong SF EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p352-4 MJHepatitis B Core Antigens; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens MNHepatitis B /IM; Hepatoma /IM; Immunoenzyme Technics; Liver Cirrhosis /IM; Liver Neoplasms /IM; Liver /IM; Retrospective Studies MTHuman IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001885 TI[7 cases of extramammary Paget's disease] AUWang JB EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p355-7 MJPaget's Disease, Extra-Mammary; Vulvar Neoplasms MNAged; Middle Age; Paget's Disease, Extra-Mammary /DI /TH; Scrotum; Skin Neoplasms /DI /TH; Vulvar Neoplasms /DI /TH MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001886 TI[Various types of complicated urinary fistula] AUJinag SZ EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p359-61 MJUrinary Fistula MNAdult; Methods; Middle Age; Rectal Fistula /SU; Vesicovaginal Fistula /SU MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001887 TI[Analysis of the causes of the patient's unresponsiveness to follow-up letters after resection of stomach cancer] AUSun ZX; Wang SB EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p362-3 MJStomach Neoplasms MNFollow-Up Studies; Patient Compliance; Prognosis; Questionnaires MTHuman IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001888 TI[Enteric infection due to Campylobacter jejuni] AUZhang C; Zhang XZ EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p368-70 MJCampylobacter Infections /MI; Jejunal Diseases /MI MNAdolescence; Adult; Campylobacter Infections /DI /DT; Campylobacter fetus /IP; Child, Preschool; Child; Enteritis /DI /DT /MI; Infant; Jejunal Diseases /DI /DT; Middle Age MCReview MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male RN1406-16-2 (Vitamin D) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001889 TIH.-I. Chu: pioneer clinical investigator of vitamin D deficiency and osteomalacia in China. A scientific and personal tribute. AUParfitt AM PSChu HI EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p335-9 MJOsteomalacia; Vitamin D Deficiency MNChina; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Portraits; Pregnancy; Vitamin D /ME /TU MCCurrent Biog-Obit; Historical Article MTFemale; Human IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001890 TIBone mineral content of the femoral neck and shaft: relation between cortical and trabecular bone. ABBone mineral content (BMC) of the femoral neck and shaft was determined with dual photon absorptiometry, using 153Gd. Comparison of BMC with the amount of hydroxyapatite (HA) of in vitro specimen showed correlation coefficients of 0.992 and 0.996 for the femoral neck and shaft respectively. In the femoral neck the amount of cortical bone in a bone section varies from 16% ash weight in the proximal part to 71% in the distal part. Corresponding to the site of BMC measurements, the cortical bone constitutes 57% in the femoral neck and 95% in the femoral shaft. The precision error of measurements of BMC in vivo, expressed as the coefficient of variation for repeated determinations, was 1.4% for the femoral neck and 1.3% for the femoral shaft. In the femoral neck it is possible to distinguish between structures consisting mainly of cortical bone and structures containing mostly trabecular bone. While the cortical bone value decreases only slowly with age in normal women, corresponding to BMC of the femoral shaft, the trabecular bone value decreases rapidly even compared with BMC of the femoral neck. Despite the significant correlation between the values for cortical and trabecular bone a distinction seems essential from a clinical point of view. AUBohr H; Schaadt O EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p340-4 MJBone and Bones; Femur; Minerals MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Organ Specificity; Reference Values MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001891 TIIntersample variation in bone histomorphometry: comparison between parameter values measured on two contiguous transiliac bone biopsies. ABIn order to evaluate the intersample variations for bone histomorphometric parameters in various metabolic bone diseases, either for a group or for one single patient, two complete contiguous transiliac bone biopsies were taken in 55 subjects. The diagnoses were osteoporosis (OP), renal osteodystrophy (ROD), osteomalacia (OM), primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), metastatic bone disease, fluorosis, thyrotoxic bone, and ╥normal╙ bone. The following histomorphometric parameters were measured: trabecular bone volume (TBV), trabecular osteoid surfaces (TOS) and volume (TOV), trabecular resorption surfaces (TRS), and calcification rate (CR). The thickness index of osteoid seams (TIOS) was calculated. The measurements were performed with both manual and computerized methods which give similar results according to our previous study. The differences between parameters values measured on both cores were expressed by the difference in percent of the mean and by the intrapair coefficient of variation. Moreover, for each parameter, the confidence interval for one subject was calculated from the residual mean square of a two-way analysis of variance. For each parameter, the intersample variation differs according to the diagnosis. Confidence interval (risk = 5%) for one single subject reaches 29% for TBV in OP; 16% for TOS; 26% for TOV and TIOS in OM; 25% for TRS in ROD, and 69% in HPT, but is much lower for groups of 10 and 20 patients. These variations must be taken into account when successive biopsies are performed in one individual or in groups of patients to follow the course of a disease or evaluate the effects of a therapy. AUChavassieux PM; Arlot ME; Meunier PJ EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p345-50 MJBone Diseases; Bone and Bones /PA MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Bone Neoplasms /PA /SC; Bone Resorption; Bone and Bones /CY; Child; Hyperparathyroidism /CO /PA; Hyperthyroidism /CO /PA; Middle Age; Osteomalacia /PA; Osteoporosis /PA; Reference Values; Renal Osteodystrophy /PA MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN52232-67-4 (parathyroid hormone peptide (1-34); 60-27-5 (Creatinine); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001893 TIComparison of renal responses to synthetic human PTH(1-34) administration in normal young and elderly male subjects. ABA parathyroid hormone (PTH) loading test with synthetic human PTH(1-34) was performed in 7 young and 6 elderly normal males. The elderly subjects had significantly higher mean basal levels of serum PTH than the young subjects (0.262 +/- 0.035(SE) vs 0.097 +/- 0.012 ng Eq/ml, P less than 0.001). When human PTH(1-34) at a dose of 100 U was administered to these subjects, the mean increases in urinary excretions of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate(cAMP) and inorganic phosphorus (Pi), expressed as increases in absolute amounts per unit time, were significantly lower in the elderly subjects. (3.65 +/- 1.02 vs 7.41 +/- 1.05 mumol/h, P less than 0.05 for cAMP and 14.7 +/- 6.3 vs 41.8 +/- 8.6 mg/2h, P less than 0.05 for Pi) and an inverse correlation was found between the serum PTH levels and the increases in urinary cAMP excretion (mumol/hr; r = -0.63, P less than 0.05). However, when corrected for the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the units of PTH administered per kg body weight, the increases were not significantly different in the two groups (elderly 52.1 +/- 7.5 vs young 60.0 +/- 19.2 nmol . kg/100 ml GFR . U . h for cAMP and 0.315 +/- 0.061 vs 0.186 +/- 0.044 mg . kg/100 ml GFR . U . 2 h respectively for Pi).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUImanaka S; Onishi T; Morimoto S; Takamoto S; Kohno H; Kumahara Y EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p357-62 MJKidney; Parathyroid Hormones /DU; Peptide Fragments MNAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /UR; Adult; Aged; Aging; Calcium /BL; Creatinine /ME; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Kidney /PH; Parathyroid Hormones /BL; Phosphates /BL /UR; Serum Albumin /AN MTComparative Study; Human; Male RN7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-66-6 (Zinc); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001894 TIStatistical evidence for the relation between citrate and carbonate in human cortical bone. ABBone specimens from the anterior iliac crest were collected post-mortem from 128 subjects whose death had been primarily caused by acute coronary disease or accidents. The cortical bone was separated and used for the following determinations: citrate by an enzymatic method, carbon dioxide by microdiffusion, chloride and phosphorus by spectrophotometry, fluoride by the ion-selective electrode technique, and Ca, Mg, Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The citrate concentration (+/- SD) was 10.9 +/- 3.1 mg/g (dry weight) and was not age-dependent. A statistically significant negative correlation was obtained between citrate and carbon dioxide, however, which was confirmed by regression analysis. The only statistically significant differences in carbon dioxide and fluoride concentrations between three citrate groups were obtained between the lowest group (3.2-8.7 mg/g) and the highest (13.1-16.8 mg/g). In conclusion an inverse relationship may suggest either an effect of citrate on the binding of carbonate to apatite structures, or that the carbonate concentration is dependent to a slight degree on citrate metabolism. AUKnuuttila M; Lappalainen R; Alakuijala P; Lammi S EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p362-6 MJBone Development; Bone and Bones; Carbonates; Citrates MNAdult; Aged; Aging; Calcium /AN; Fluorides /AN; Magnesium /AN; Middle Age; Phosphates /AN; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption; Zinc /AN MTFemale; Human; Male RN7440-70-2 (Calcium); 9007-12-9 (Calcitonin) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001895 TIInfluence of pharmacological doses of calcitonin on serum beta 2 microglobulin concentration. ABThe effect has been studied of continuous infusion of calcitonin in 14 hypercalcemic patients and 5 patients with Paget's disease of the bones. In all hypercalcemic patients but one, a good serum calcium lowering effect was obtained. In all subjects there was a significant decrease of serum beta 2 microglobulin concentration during calcitonin infusion (4.1 +/- 3.4 vs 2.9 +/- 2.5 mg . l-1; P less than 0.01). Especially in patients with an initial increased serum beta 2 microglobulin, a pronounced decrement of this serum beta 2 microglobulin was achieved. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the drop in serum calcium concentration and the serum beta 2 microglobulin concentration before calcitonin infusion (r = 0.83; P less than or equal to 0.01). Urinary beta 2 microglobulin excretion did not change significantly during calcitonin infusion. These results led to the speculation that the serum calcium lowering effect of calcitonin is not only the result of the direct antiosteoclastic effect of this hormone but that some immunologic modulating effect of calcitonin on the monocyte macrophage system of the bones is contributory to this hypocalcemic effect of calcitonin. AUMulder H; van Bolhuis H; Naafs MA; Winckers PL EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p367-71 MJBeta 2 Microglobulin; Bone Diseases; Calcitonin; Hypercalcemia /DT; Osteitis Deformans /DT MNAdult; Aged; Beta 2 Microglobulin /UR; Calcium /BL; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hypercalcemia /BL /ET; Hyperparathyroidism /CO; Middle Age; Neoplasms /CO; Osteitis Deformans /BL MTFemale; Human; Male IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001896 TIInfrared determination of the degree of substitution of hydroxyl by carbonate ions in human dental enamel. ABAbout 11 +/- 1% of the carbonate ions in a human tooth enamel specimen (dense fraction, sp. g. greater than 2.95) were found to be in the A-sites, replacing hydroxyl ions. The determination was made with a difference infrared spectrometry technique utilizing both tooth enamel and a reconstituted biological apatite with a known amount of replacement of hydroxyl by carbonate ions. AUElliott JC; Holcomb DW; Young RA EM8601 IDDE-01912 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p372-5 MJCarbonates; Dental Enamel; Hydroxides MNCalcium Phosphates /AN; Hydroxylation; Spectrophotometry, Infrared /MT; X-Ray Diffraction MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN16389-88-1 (dolomite); 471-34-1 (Calcium Carbonate); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001897 TIDolomite as a possible magnesium-containing phase in human tooth enamel. ABA solid-state chemical model is derived to estimate the solubility of dolomites having different degrees of cation ordering. It is shown that the solubility of dolomites formed by precipitation at ordinary temperatures is such that it allows for the formation of dolomite in tooth enamel during in vivo mineralization. AUDriessens FC; Verbeeck RM EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p376-80 MJCalcium Carbonate; Dental Enamel; Magnesium; Minerals MNChemistry; Kinetics; Solubility MTHuman RN77-92-9 (citric acid); 7782-41-4 (Fluorine) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001898 TIFluorine concentration changes in human periodontally diseased tooth roots following several treatment times with citric acid. ABCitric acid conditioning of exposed cementum has become an important adjunct to the clinical management of periodontal disease, and aggressive root planing is recommended to remove hypermineralized and endotoxin-laden diseased cementum. A nuclear resonance reaction technique was used to examine fluorine concentration changes subsequent to application of citric acid (pH 1.0) to the periodontal disease-exposed cementum surfaces of human tooth roots. The technique does not require the test teeth to be sectioned, thereby permitting longitudinal assessments of changes in fluorine concentration and minimizing measurement errors due to the considerable biological variation found between individuals. Initial fluorine concentrations ranged from 0.9%-2.4%, and maxima occurred within 4-6 microns of the surface, suggesting the presence of a hypermineralized layer. Within 60 sec, the citric acid had effectively removed the hypermineralized layer and the previously observed fluctuations in fluorine concentration leveled out at 0.3%-0.5%. Although the results indicated rapid removal of the hypermineralized layer and establishment of fluorine levels normally found in healthy cementum, the experimental design did not permit appraisal of potential effects upon the organic components of periodontally-exposed cementum. AUSampson WJ; Crawford AW EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p381-5 MJCitrates; Fluorine; Periodontal Diseases; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Root MNKinetics; Time Factors; Tooth Root /DE MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7439-89-6 (Iron); 9007-73-2 (Ferritin) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001899 TIIron uptake by teeth and bones: a Mossbauer effect study. ABIron uptake (Fe2+ and Fe3+) by bones, teeth, and dental enamel was studied, in vivo and in vitro, by chemical, powder X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy methods. Atomic absorption tests have revealed the permanent uptake of small amounts of iron by dental enamel soaked in vitro in solutions containing Fe2+. Mossbauer spectra show that the iron attached to the dental enamel stays at the same valency it had in the soaking solutions. Mossbauer measurements of in vivo samples show that iron is present in bones and teeth mainly as Fe3+ (10% Fe2+ in teeth), in compound similar to FeOOH. Iron is released or exchanged from teeth at a much lower rate than from bones. AUBauminger E; Ofer S; Gedalia I; Horowitz G; Mayer I EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p386-9 MJBone and Bones; Dental Enamel; Iron /ME; Tooth MNBiological Transport; Ferritin /AN; Iron /DF; Kinetics; Rats; Spectrum Analysis; Thermodynamics MTAnimal; Human; In Vitro RN2197-63-9 (dicetylphosphate); 25999-31-9 (Lasalocid); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001900 TILiposome-mediated calcium phosphate formation in metastable solutions. ABThe present study examined the effect of anionic liposomes on precipitate formation in supersaturated calcium phosphate solutions. The liposomes were prepared by dispersing 7:2:1 molar mixtures of phosphatidylcholine, dicetyl phosphate, and cholesterol in buffered aqueous solutions containing 0 or 50 mM inorganic phosphate (PI). Unencapsulated PI was removed by gel filtration. The liposomes were then suspended in reaction solutions containing 2.25 mM Ca2+ and either 0, 1.0, or 1.5 mM PI. All experiments were carried out at 22 degrees C, pH 7.4, and 240 mOsm. External solution Ca2+ and PI losses were found to be appreciable only when the membranes of liposomes containing entrapped PI were made permeable to Ca2+ with the addition to the suspension of the ionophore X-537A. The Ca2+ losses, moreover, were up to 3 times as great (1.5 vs 0.5 mM) when accompanied by external PI losses than in PI-free external solutions where Ca2+ alone was involved. Previous studies showed that in this latter situation, decline in external Ca2+ concentration was the result of precipitate formation in the aqueous interiors of the liposomes. The present findings suggest that when the external solution phase was metastable, the apparent coupling of large additional Ca2+ losses with intraliposomal precipitation was due to secondary precipitation brought about by the seeding action of intraliposomal crystals penetrating into the external solution. The results may explain in part the origin of extravesicular mineral deposits in matrix vesicle calcification. AUEanes ED; Hailer AW EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p390-4 MJCalcium Phosphates; Liposomes; Phosphatidylcholines MNCalcium; Cholesterol; Drug Stability; Kinetics; Lasalocid; Phosphates; Phosphoric Acid Esters; Solutions RN1306-06-5 (hydroxyapatite); 9007-27-6 (Chondroitin) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001901 TIMechanisms of proteoglycan inhibition of hydroxyapatite growth. ABPurified bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycans (aggregate and subunit containing fractions) and to a lesser degree, chondroitin 4-sulfate of physiological size, retard seeded hydroxyapatite (HA) growth in vitro. The large hydrodynamic size and high charge density of these macromolecules are believed to be associated with the ability of proteoglycans to inhibit HA formation and growth. We now demonstrate the involvement of the negative charges of proteoglycans in this inhibition by comparing the inhibitory ability of chondroitin 4-sulfate and its desulfated analog, and by comparing the growth of HA seed crystals coated either with proteoglycan aggregates or chondroitin 4-sulfate to that of uncoated crystals. In the desulfation experiments, desulfated chondroitin sulfate was a less efficient HA growth inhibitor than untreated, undesulfated chondroitin sulfate of similar molecular size. Dextran sulfate showed higher inhibitory effectiveness than unchanged neutral dextran. Both experiments suggest that sulfate groups play an important role in the regulation of mineral deposition by proteoglycans. In the coating experiment, precoating of HA seed crystals with proteoglycan aggregates decreased the amount of HA precipitated as a function of time, suggesting proteoglycans may block the active nucleating sites on HA surface and slow down the growth process. Chondroitin 4-sulfate had a similar but weaker coating effect. Neutral dextran, having little affinity for HA, had no effect. AUChen CC; Boskey AL EM8601 IDDE-04141 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p395-400 MJChondroitin Sulfates; Chondroitin; Hydroxyapatites; Proteoglycans MNCartilage; Cattle; Chemistry; Dextrans; Nose; X-Ray Diffraction MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN14567-92-1 (brushite); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001902 TIIn vitro precipitation of calcium phosphate under intracellular conditions: formation of brushite from an amorphous precursor in the absence of ATP. ABRelease of mitochondrial calcium has been shown to occur concomitant with mineral ion loading of matrix vesicles at the onset of mineralization in epiphyseal growth plate cartilage. Matrix vesicles contain amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), a mineral form that usually results from rapid precipitation at high initial levels of Ca2+ and/or inorganic P (Pi). Since the cytosol of growth plate chondrocytes has been found to contain high levels of Pi, rapid release of mitochondrial Ca2+ into the cytosol may cause local precipitation of calcium phosphate and thus be coupled with matrix vesicle formation. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics and nature of mineral formation that occur when small amounts of Ca2+ are added under various conditions to a Pi buffer composed of electrolytes matched in concentrations and pH to that of the cytosol of epiphyseal chondrocytes. Depending on the manner in which Ca2+ was added, ACP, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), or apatite (HA) first formed. In the presence of ATP, ACP was the only solid phase detected, being stable for at least 24 h. However, in its absence, ACP rapidly transformed into DCPD. Increasing the pH of the reaction buffer from 6.9 to 7.5 increased the amount of ACP initially formed, but DCPD was consistently found upon ACP transformation. Yet at pH 8.0, ACP persisted for at least 24 h. The amount of precipitate formed was proportional to the level of added Ca2+; precipitates formed when as little as 1.0 mmole was added per liter of buffer. Our findings support the possibility that rapid release of mitochondrial Ca2+ may cause localized intracellular precipitation of ACP. Since nascent ACP is known to stimulate membrane fusion and blebbing of vesicles, these findings may explain the presence of ACP in matrix vesicles. The rapid conversion of ACP to DCPD in the absence of ATP under these conditions may also explain the reported occurrence of DCPD in samples of early mineralizing tissue. AUWuthier RE; Rice GS; Wallace JE Jr; Weaver RL; LeGeros RZ; Eanes ED EM8601 IDAm-18983 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p401-10 MJAdenosine Triphosphate; Calcium Phosphates MNCartilage /PH; Growth Plate /PH; Kinetics; Mitochondria /ME; Models, Biological; Molecular Conformation; Precipitation; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; X-Ray Diffraction MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001903 TIRegulation of bone mass by mechanical strain magnitude. ABThe in vivo remodeling behavior within a bone protected from natural loading was modified over an 8-week period by daily application of 100 consecutive 1 Hz load cycles engendering strains within the bone tissue of physiological rate and magnitude. This load regime resulted in a graded dose:response relationship between the peak strain magnitude and change in the mass of bone tissue present. Peak longitudinal strains below 0.001 were associated with bone loss which was achieved by increased remodeling activity, endosteal resorption, and increased intra-cortical porosis. Peak strains above 0.001 were associated with little change in intra-cortical remodeling activity but substantial periosteal and endosteal new bone formation. AURubin CT; Lanyon LE EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p411-7 MJBone Development; Bone and Bones; Ulna MNBone Resorption; Species Specificity; Stress, Mechanical; Turkeys MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001904 TIAbnormal parathyroid function in the X-linked hypophosphatemic mouse. ABEmploying a cytochemical bioassay, we compared parathyroid function in normal and X-linked hypophosphatemic (Hyp) mice. Under basal conditions Hyp mice manifested hypocalcemia and, in accord, had a plasma bioactive parathyroid hormone concentration (3.04 +/- 0.14 pg/ml) significantly greater than that of normals (2.16 +/- 0.14 pg/ml). We confirmed the validity of the bioassay by demonstrating that the plasma collected from both mouse models diluted parallel to the assay standard curve. Moreover, after parathyroidectomy, normal and Hyp mice had plasma bioactive parathyroid hormone levels approximately 90% less than those obtained under basal conditions and indistinguishable from one another. In further studies we observed that dietary calcium and/or vitamin D deprivation in both animal models resulted in a comparable decline of the plasma calcium concentration. However, the concordant increase of the circulating bioactive parathyroid hormone level was greater in the normal mice. Thus, the bioactive parathyroid hormone concentration obtained in response to a low calcium challenge in normals was significantly greater than that in Hyp mice. In contrast, in response to dietary calcium loading, the plasma bioactive parathyroid hormone levels did not decrease significantly from basal values in either animal model. These data illustrate that the bioactive parathyroid hormone concentration in both normal and Hyp mice is inversely correlated with the plasma calcium. However, while the Hyp mice maintain an elevated plasma parathyroid hormone concentration under basal conditions (in response to a decreased plasma calcium), the parathyroid activity of the mutants after a more severe hypocalcemic challenge is attenuated, resulting in a significantly different model of linear correlation. Thus, these data indicate that Hyp mice manifested abnormal regulation of parathyroid function. AUPosillico JT; Lobaugh B; Muhlbaier LH; Drezner MK EM8601 ID2R01-AM-27032; 5R01-AM-27032; 5 K04 AM00643; + SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p418-22 MJHypophosphatemia, Familial /PP; Parathyroid Glands MNCalcium /BL; Hypophosphatemia, Familial /BL; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Mutant Strains; Mice; Parathyroid Hormones /BL; Phosphates /BL; Reference Values; Species Specificity; X Chromosome MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001905 TIResponse of tissue phosphate content to acute dietary phosphate deprivation in the X-linked hypophosphatemic mouse. ABIn order to evaluate a possible role for tissue phosphate or phosphorylated compounds in mediating the increase in plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 levels during dietary phosphate deprivation, renal cortical phosphate content has been measured in both normal and X-linked hypophosphatemic mice on a normal diet and also after acute dietary phosphate deprivation. We find that the metabolism of inorganic phosphate and phosphorylated organic compounds in the renal cortex of Hyp mice is not altered in response to their very low levels of serum phosphate. Skeletal muscle does not lose inorganic phosphate and/or phosphorylated metabolites to compensate for drastic loses of serum phosphate during acute dietary deprivation in either normal or Hyp mice. Furthermore, the chronic low level of serum phosphate and altered hormonal regulation in Hyp mice do not produce alterations in mineral composition of the bone with the possible exception that the stoichiometry of the apatite might be slightly different. AUBrown CE; Wilkie CA; Meyer MH; Meyer RA Jr EM8601 IDAM-31258 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p423-30 MJBone and Bones; Hypophosphatemia, Familial; Kidney; Minerals; Muscles; Phosphates MNMice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Mutant Strains; Mice; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Phosphorylation; Reference Values; X Chromosome MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 147-85-3 (Proline); 50-89-5 (Thymidine); 7005-03-0 (Leucine); 9007-34-5 (Collagen); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001906 TIMechanical stretching increases the number of cultured bone cells synthesizing DNA and alters their pattern of protein synthesis. ABA simple method was devised for applying mechanical stretching to bone cell cultures. Bone cells cultured on the flexible plastic membrane of a Petriperm dish are placed over a template with a convex surface. A lead weight is then placed on top of the dish which causes the membrane and the tightly attached cells to be stretched. Mechanical stretching, applied either intermittently or continuously for a 2-hour period resulted in a 64% increase in the number of cells synthesizing DNA. Stretching the cells also significantly increased incorporation of tritiated proline and tritiated leucine. To assay the ratio of collagenous to noncollagenous protein, medium and cell layers of cultures labeled with tritiated leucine were incubated with collagenase and the digests chromatographed on PD 10 columns. The amount of collagen synthesized by stretched and unstretched cultures did not differ; but an increased synthesis of noncollagenous proteins was observed in the stretched cultures. AUHasegawa S; Sato S; Saito S; Suzuki Y; Brunette DM EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p431-6 MJBone and Bones /ME; DNA Replication; Proteins MNAnimals, Newborn; Bone and Bones /CY; Cells, Cultured; Collagen /BI; DNA /BI; Leucine /ME; Proline /ME; Rats; Stress, Mechanical; Thymidine /ME; Tritium MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN50-28-2 (Estradiol) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001907 TIThe effects of continuous estradiol therapy on cortical bone remodeling activity in the spayed beagle. ABRibs from 6 oophorectomized and 4 17 beta-estradiol-supplemented spayed, 4-year-old Beagle dams were subjected to histomorphometric analyses to determine what effects continuous estradiol treatment of 9 months duration had on the Basic Multicellular Unit (BMU) of cortical bone remodeling. The findings of this study suggest that 17 beta-estradiol has a two-step mode of action. First, this estrogen directly suppresses the formation of new BMUs. Secondly, it causes uncoupling of the Resorption/Formation (R/F) mechanism within each BMU, together with the creation of an approximate 1:1 balance between bone resorption and bone formation. This balance is probably responsible for the preservation of cortical bone mass seen to occur with continuous estrogen replacement therapy. AUSnow GR; Anderson C EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p437-40 MJBone Development; Bone and Bones; Estradiol; Ovariectomy MNBone Resorption /DE; Dogs; Ribs /AH /DE /PH MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN10028-17-8 (Tritium) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001908 TIStudy of the localization of [3H]bovine parathyroid hormone in bone by light microscope autoradiography. ABBovine parathyroid hormone labeled with tritium on the methionine residues by [3H]methyl exchange ([3H]bPTH) was administered intravenously to 35-day-old mice and localized in tissues by light microscope autoradiography. After 10 min most of the [3H]bPTH had been taken up from plasma. In the kidney and liver, radioactivity was not displaced by simultaneous administration of unlabeled bPTH, and was as intense after giving oxidized [3H]bPTH ([3H]ox bPTH) as [3H]bPTH, suggesting that binding was largely associated with nonspecific processes. In long bones, [3H]bPTH was bound to osteoblasts and preosteoblasts lining the endosteal and periosteal surfaces of compact bone. In the area of the growth-plate there was intense labeling on new endochondrial bone, and on hypertrophic chondrocytes in the region of calcification. There was little labeling in marrow and, in contrast to other tissues, much reduced binding was seen when a large excess of unlabeled parathyroid hormone was administered together with [3H]bPTH, or when [3H]ox bPTH was given. It is concluded that binding of parathyroid hormone to cells in bone is largely specific, and that the hormone has a function in cartilage which relates to the differentiation and calcification of chondrocytes of the growth-plate that occurs prior to its replacement by new bone tissue. AUBarling PM; Bibby NJ EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p441-6 MJBone and Bones; Parathyroid Hormones MNAutoradiography /MT; Femur /CY; Growth Plate /CY; Mice; Organ Specificity; Radioisotope Dilution Technic; Tibia /CY; Tritium MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001909 TIInhibition of bone resorption in vitro by compound 48/80. ABThe mechanisms that control cycles of bone formation and bone resorption are not well understood. In this report we provide evidence that compound 48/80 is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption in vitro. Resorption was assessed by the release of calcium-45 from pre-labelled newborn mouse calvaria that were treated with compound 48/80 and/or parathyroid hormone (PTH) in organ culture. Our results demonstrate that co-incubation of calvaria with PTH plus compound 48/80 (concentrations 1-10 mcg/ml) produces a marked reduction of calcium-45 release compared to PTH alone. Furthermore, pre-incubation of calvaria with compound 48/80, for as little as three hours, inhibits resorption by subsequent treatment with PTH alone. Measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the culture medium indicated that treatment with compound 48/80, at the doses and time periods studied, was not cytotoxic. This novel effect of compound 48/80 may provide a useful tool for studying the cellular mechanisms involved in the bone resorption process. AUGreenberg G; Pokress S; Minkin C EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p447-9 MJBone Resorption; Compound 48-80 MNAnimals, Newborn; Bone and Bones /CY; Calcium Radioisotopes; Calcium /AN; Kinetics; Mice; Parathyroid Hormones /PD MTAnimal; In Vitro RN51-35-4 (Hydroxyproline) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001910 TIBone mass as referent for urinary hydroxyproline excretion [letter] AUMazzuoli G; Minisola S; Antonelli R; Bigi F; Tabolli S; D'Erasmo E; Valtorta C EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p450-1 MJBone Resorption; Hydroxyproline MNHyperparathyroidism /UR; Reference Values MTComparative Study; Human IS0008-2856 LAEnglish; French JCCG7 SBM UI86001912 TIFoetal monitoring during surgery unrelated to pregnancy. AUBiehl DR EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p455-9 MJFetal Monitoring; Pregnancy Complications; Surgery, Operative MNFetal Heart /PH; Heart Rate; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human RN51481-61-9 (Cimetidine); 66357-35-5 (Ranitidine) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001913 TIThe role of H2 receptor antagonist premedication in pregnant day care patients. ABIn a randomised study of 132 pregnant outpatients, the effect on gastric volume and pH of oral premedication with a single dose of an H2 antagonist was investigated. Either cimetidine 400 mg (n = 33), or ranitidine 150 mg (n = 33), were given 90 to 120 minutes before scheduled surgery. Mean pH was significantly higher in cimetidine (5.0) and ranitidine (5.2) groups, and mean volume was significantly lower in cimetidine (13.2 ml) and ranitidine (11.1 ml) groups compared with 66 untreated patients (pH 1.6, volume 22.1 ml). A gastric pH less than or equal to 2.5 was found in 97 per cent of unpremedicated patients and 35 per cent of these patients also had a gastric volume greater than or equal to 25 ml. Eighty-three per cent of patients received their premedication within 75-200 minutes of surgery. Patients premedicated within that range had a significantly lower incidence of either a gastric pH less than or equal to 2.5 or a volume greater than or equal to 25 ml (p less than 0.01). Both cimetidine and ranitidine significantly reduced the number of patients with these risk factors. Four patients, however, in the cimetidine group had both a pH less than or equal to 2.5 and a volume greater than or equal to 25 ml. Pharmacological manipulation of the gastric environment does not prevent aspiration and clearly cannot be substituted for careful airway management and vigilance on the part of the anaesthetist. However, premedication of pregnant outpatients with a single, oral dose of an H2 antagonist is a simple, inexpensive, safe and effective way of reducing the risk of a severe aspiration pneumonitis. AUStock JG; Sutherland AD EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p463-7 MJAbortion, Therapeutic; Anesthesia, General; Cimetidine; Ranitidine MNAdult; Ambulatory Surgery; Clinical Trials; Gastric Juice /AN; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pneumonia, Aspiration /PC; Pregnancy; Premedication MTComparative Study; Female; Human RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001914 TIModification of lidocaine protein binding with CO2. ABUsing new, specially designed ultrafiltration devices and an enzyme immunoassay technique, the authors determined the effect of carbon dioxide tension on the fractional binding of lidocaine to human plasma proteins. Identical samples of serum at therapeutic (2.2 micrograms X ml-1) and toxic (6.8 micrograms X ml-1) lidocaine concentrations were tonometered at 37 degrees C to CO2 tensions between 0.13 and 10.7 kPa (1.0 to 80.5 mmHg). The fraction of unbound lidocaine increased linearly with increasing pCO2 (r = 0.93, p less than 0.001). These changes help to explain the increased central nervous system toxicity of lidocaine associated with hypercarbia. AUApfelbaum JL; Shaw LM; Gross JB; Caldwell CB; Spaulding BC EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p468-71 MJBlood Proteins; Carbon Dioxide; Lidocaine MNKinetics; Lidocaine /TO; Protein Binding MTHuman RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001915 TISpinal cord blood flow following sub-arachnoid lidocaine. ABTwelve mongrel dogs were randomized into two equal groups. Cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral spinal cord and spinal dural blood flows were measured using the radioactive microsphere technique. Blood flow determinations were made prior to and 20 and 40 minutes following lumbar subarachnoid injection of: two per cent lidocaine (100 mg) or two per cent lidocaine (100 mg) with 1/25,000 epinephrine (200 micrograms). Dogs receiving subarachnoid lidocaine demonstrated a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure of 23 per cent and 14 per cent (p less than 0.05), while dogs receiving lidocaine with epinephrine had a decrease of 38 and 34 per cent (p less than 0.05) at 20 and 40 minutes respectively. Cardiac index was not significantly changed in either group. Lumbar subarachnoid lidocaine (100 mg) produced a rapid regional dural hyperemia (observed at 20 minutes postinjection) and a delayed regional spinal cord hyperemia (observed at 40 minutes postinjection) which were not observed following the addition of epinephrine (200 micrograms). AUKozody R; Swartz J; Palahniuk RJ; Biehl DR; Wade JG EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p472-8 MJLidocaine; Spinal Cord; Subarachnoid Space /PH MNDogs; Epinephrine /PD; Kinetics; Organ Specificity; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Spinal Cord /DE; Subarachnoid Space /DE MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN151-67-7 (Halothane); 437-38-7 (Fentanyl); 71195-58-9 (alfentanyl) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001916 TIRecovery after anaesthesia with alfentanil or halothane. ABSeventy-three patients were studied during and after anaesthesia with either alfentanil or halothane for surgical procedures of short duration. The procedures were minor gynaecological or minor urological procedures, involving males and females between the ages of 21 and 86 years. After pre-medication with lorazepam, anaesthesia was induced with methohexitone and continued with nitrous oxide and oxygen, supplemented with halothane (34 patients) or alfentanil (39 patients). Anaesthesia was generally smooth and uncomplicated except that at induction 22 of the patients receiving alfentanil became apnoeic for longer than 30 seconds. Spontaneous respiration resumed without the need for naloxone in any patients. After surgery, recovery of consciousness was significantly more rapid after alfentanil than after halothane (5.6 minutes versus 10.1 minutes). This study demonstrates that alfentanil can be a suitable alternative to conventional general anaesthesia for short cases and may have a useful place when rapid recovery and turnover of cases is important. AUCartwright DP EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p479-83 MJAnesthesia Recovery Period; Fentanyl; Halothane; Postoperative Period MNAdult; Aged; Apnea /CI; Clinical Trials; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Fentanyl /AD /AE; Halothane /AE; Middle Age; Wakefulness MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN15500-66-0 (Pancuronium); 57-15-8 (Chlorobutanol); 57-95-4 (Tubocurarine) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001917 TILack of effects of d-tubocurarine and pancuronium on the slow action potential of the guinea pig papillary muscle. ABInotropic effects of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants were examined with guinea pig ventricular papillary muscle depolarized to -47 mV in high K Ba-Tyrode solution. Field stimulation of 0.1 Hz elicited the slow action potential, a measure of the calcium current. The amplitude, the duration at 0 mV level and dV/dt of the action potential were monitored together with the contractile tension. Amelizol (3 mg X ml-1 d-tubocurarine (d-tc) and 5 mg X ml-1 chlorobutanol) depressed the four functions in a dose-dependent manner, while crystalline d-tc did not. Chlorobutanol (the antimicrobial preservative) had the same effects as Amelizol. Neither Mioblock (2 mg X ml-1 pancuronium and unpublished preservative) nor crystalline pancuronium altered the functions. These findings suggest that the negative inotropic effect of Amelizol is not due to d-tc but to chlorobutanol, which may exert its effect by depressing the calcium current. The lack of change in the slow action potential seen with pancuronium may indicate no direct effect on the calcium current, thereby further suggesting absent direct beta-adrenomimetic action of this agent. AUArimura H; Ikemoto Y; Ito T; Yoshitake J EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p484-90 MJChlorobutanol; Heart /PH; Pancuronium; Tubocurarine MNAction Potentials /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Heart /DE; Myocardial Contraction /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN76-75-5 (Thiopental) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001918 TIResponses of EEG, cerebral oxygen consumption and blood flow to peripheral nerve stimulation during thiopentone anaesthesia in the dog. ABThe effects of sciatic nerve stimulation on the electroencephalogram (EEG), cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were investigated during thiopentone anaesthesia in dogs. Anaesthetic levels at 15, 35, 65, 95 and 125 minutes after the start of thiopentone infusion (23 mg X kg-1 X hr-1) were designated levels I, II, III, IV and V, respectively. The effects of stimulation for 5 min were tested at each level. At level I (plasma thiopentone concentration; 15 +/- 2 micrograms X ml-1), the EEG was activated with stimulation and CMRO2 and CBF increased by a maximum of 16 and 15 per cent, respectively. The increase in CMRO2 and CBF was significant for five and four minutes, respectively, though the increase became less with time. At level II (27 +/- 3 micrograms X ml-1), the CMRO2 and CBF increased at one minute by eight and nine per cent, the increase being accompanied by transient EEG activation. At the three deepest levels III, IV and V (37 +/- 6, 42 +/- 6, 49 +/- 6 micrograms X ml-1), the EEG, CMRO2 and CBF remained unchanged with stimulation. The results suggest the existence of the tight coupling between the EEG, CMRO2 and CBF and of a threshold level of thiopentone to block the response to peripheral stimulation during thiopentone anaesthesia. AUMiyauchi Y; Sakabe T; Maekawa T; Ishikawa T; Takeshita H EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p491-8 MJBrain /PH; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Oxygen Consumption; Sciatic Nerve /PH; Thiopental /PD MNAnesthesia; Blood Pressure /DE; Brain /DE; Carbon Dioxide /BL; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Electroencephalography; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Sciatic Nerve /DE; Thiopental /BL MTAnimal RN10024-97-2 (Nitrous Oxide); 151-67-7 (Halothane); 439-14-5 (Diazepam) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001919 TIRefraining from cigarette smoking before premedication does not decrease the risk of acid pulmonary aspiration during anaesthesia. ABSeventy-four habitual smokers who had refrained overnight from cigarette smoking and were undergoing elective orthopedic surgery were allocated randomly to two groups in order to investigate the effect of smoking two cigarettes before premedication on volume and pH of gastric contents. The smoking group was allowed to smoke two cigarettes while the non-smoking group was not allowed to smoke. There was no significant difference in volume or pH between the groups, either just after intubation or prior to extubation, thus indicating no decreased risk of acid pulmonary aspiration because of refraining acutely from cigarette smoking. AUAdelhoj B; Petring OU; Jensen BN; Mikkelsen S EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p499-501 MJAnesthesia, General; Diazepam; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Smoking MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Gastric Juice /AN; Halothane; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Middle Age; Nitrous Oxide; Premedication; Risk MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN437-38-7 (Fentanyl); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001920 TIEpidural fentanyl, with and without epinephrine for post-Caesarean section analgesia. ABUsing a double-bolus technique, the efficacy and safety of epidural fentanyl with and without epinephrine 1:400,000 for post-Caesarean section analgesia was examined in 30 patients. The addition of 25 micrograms epinephrine to the fentanyl (100 micrograms) did not potentiate the speed of onset but did significantly prolong the duration of action of the second dose. The only side effect encountered was pruritus, which was significantly increased (from 17-44 per cent) when epinephrine was added. The results indicate a clinical advantage of prolonging the duration of action of fentanyl for post-Caesarean Section analgesia with the addition of epinephrine, but the cumbersome and time-consuming nature of a double-bolus technique limits its clinical value. The relative safety of epidural fentanyl with and without epinephrine was confirmed by the absence of respiratory depression, drowsiness or hypotension in all patients. AURobertson K; Douglas MJ; McMorland GH EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p502-5 MJAnalgesia; Cesarean Section; Epinephrine; Fentanyl; Pain, Postoperative MNAdult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Drug Combinations; Epinephrine /TU; Fentanyl /TU; Pregnancy; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Female; Human RN7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride); 87-78-5 (Mannitol) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001921 TIThe effects of rapid infusions of saline and mannitol on cerebral blood volume and intracranial pressure in dogs. ABThe role of osmotic brain dehydration in the early reduction of intracranial pressure (ICP) following mannitol administration has recently been questioned and a decrease in cerebral blood volume (CBV) proposed as the mechanism of action. To evaluate this hypothesis, relative CBV changes before and after mannitol infusion were determined by collimated gamma counting across the biparietal diameter of the exposed skull in six dogs. Red blood cells were labelled with chromium-51. Cerebral blood volume (CBV), total blood volume (TBV), ICP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), haematocrit and osmolality were serially measured after infusions of 10 ml X kg-1 of normal saline (control study) and of 20 per cent mannitol (mannitol study). The solutions were administered over a two-minute period; a 30-minute equilibration period intervened between the saline and mannitol infusions. We demonstrated that the mannitol infusion was associated with significant increases in relative CBV (25 per cent), ICP (7 mmHg), CVP (11 cm H2O), and TBV (50 per cent). MAP declined significantly (14 per cent) after mannitol infusion. The administration of saline, although associated with an increase in TBV (18 per cent), was not associated with any significant change in CBV, ICP, MAP or CVP. The increase in relative CBV persisted for 15 minutes after mannitol infusion, while the ICP returned to control within five minutes and continued to decrease. This study supports the fact that after rapid mannitol infusion, ICP begins to decrease only once the dehydrating effect has counteracted the increase in brain bulk caused by the increase in cerebral blood volume. AURavussin P; Archer DP; Meyer E; Abou-Madi M; Yamamoto L; Trop D EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p506-15 MJBlood Volume; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol /PD; Sodium Chloride /PD MNBlood Pressure /DE; Dogs; Hematocrit; Infusions, Parenteral; Mannitol /AD; Sodium Chloride /AD; Time Factors MTAnimal RN439-14-5 (Diazepam); 59467-70-8 (midazolam); 6740-88-1 (Ketamine); 7440-17-7 (Rubidium); 76-74-4 (Pentobarbital); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001922 TIEffects of anaesthesia induction drugs on circulation in denervated intestinal loop preparation. ABThe effect of anaesthesia induction drugs on the intestinal circulation was evaluated in an isolated loop preparation in 28 dogs. Selected intestinal loops were perfused with aortic blood by a pump at a constant pressure of 100 mmHg. A mixture of 86Rb and 9 microns spheres labeled with 141Ce was injected into the arterial cannula supplying the intestinal segment while mesenteric venous blood was collected for activity counting. Diazepam in a dose of 3 mg X kg-1 was accompanied by a significantly lower clearance (Cl-Rb), and permeability-surface area product (PS) than pentobarbitone; there were no differences between diazepam and pentobarbitone in total blood flow (BF), vascular resistance (VR) and oxygen consumption in the intestinal segments. Circulatory variable observed after midazolam, 8 mg X kg-1 and an additional 16 mg X kg-1, did not significantly differ from those seen during pentobarbitone. Ketamine in a dose of 8 mg X kg-1 was accompanied by a significantly lower BF, Cl-Rb, microsphere entrapment (Cl-Sph), PS, and higher VR and arterio-venous oxygen content difference. Sixteen mg X kg-1 of ketamine did not lead to any additional changes in determined variables of the intestinal circulation. Alpha-adrenoceptor blockade completely abolished vasoconstriction caused by ketamine, suggesting that the long-lasting vasoconstricting effect of ketamine on the intestinal circulation is mediated through catecholamines. AUTverskoy M; Gelman S; Fowler KC; Bradley EL EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p516-24 MJAnesthesia; Benzodiazepines; Diazepam; Intestine, Small; Ketamine; Pentobarbital MNBlood Pressure; Denervation; Dogs; Intestine, Small /IR; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Oxygen /BL; Partial Pressure; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Rubidium /BL; Vascular Resistance /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001923 TIFoetal monitoring in parturients undergoing surgery unrelated to pregnancy. ABFoetal heart rate and tocodynamic monitoring of the uterus was performed in five pregnant patients undergoing urgent or emergency surgery unrelated to their pregnancy. All received general anaesthesia with halothane or enflurane and nitrous oxide. The loss of beat-to-beat variation of the foetal heart rate was observed in all patients under general anaesthesia, and is probably normal for the anaesthetized foetus. Since continuous intraoperative monitoring of foetal heart rate in pregnant patients is technically feasible during peripheral surgery and during many intra-abdominal procedures, attempts should be made to monitor foetal heart rate in all anaesthetized parturients to assure that the anaesthetic is not causing foetal insult. Postoperative monitoring of uterine tone is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative premature labor. AULiu PL; Warren TM; Ostheimer GW; Weiss JB; Liu LM EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p525-32 MJAnesthesia, General; Fetal Heart; Fetal Monitoring; Pregnancy Complications MNAdolescence; Adult; Heart Rate; Postoperative Period; Pregnancy MTCase Report; Female; Human RN57-42-1 (Meperidine) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001924 TISpinal anaesthesia with meperidine as the sole agent. ABTwenty male patients of ASA physical status I or II undergoing surgery of the perineal or inguinal areas received intrathecal meperidine in a dose of 1 mg X kg-1 as the sole anaesthetic agent. There was sensory and motor block within ten minutes of intrathecal injection of meperidine and surgery was performed with complete analgesia. The duration of surgery was 39.7 +/- 14 (mean +/- SD) minutes. Prolonged postoperative analgesia was obtained and some patients did not require additional narcotic analgesic during the postoperative period, lasting up to seven days. Side effects included nausea and vomiting (six patients), hypotension (five patients), pruritus (five patients) and urinary retention (two patients). There was no early or late respiratory depression. It is concluded that intrathecal meperidine in a dose of 1 mg X kg-1 is effective as the sole agent for spinal anaesthesia and produces prolonged postoperative analgesia. It offers an advantage for such painful operations as haemorrhoidectomy and anal fissurectomy where its prolonged analgesic effect is desirable. It could also serve as an alternative agent for spinal anaesthesia when a local anaesthetic is not available. AUFamewo CE; Naguib M EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p533-7 MJAnesthesia, Spinal; Meperidine MNAdult; Aged; Analgesia; Meperidine /AE; Middle Age; Nausea /CI; Postoperative Period; Time Factors; Vomiting /CI MTHuman; Male RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 55985-32-5 (nicardipine) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001925 TIBlood glucose control by an artificial endocrine pancreas in a patient with phaeochromocytoma. ABIn a patient with phaeochromocytoma who presented with unstable diabetes mellitus, an artificial endocrine pancreas was used intraoperatively. Anaesthetic agents included enflurane, nitrous oxide and oxygen. Nicardipine was used to control hypertensive episodes. The initial blood glucose concentration was 173 mg X dl-1 and it decreased to 110 mg X dl-1 in response to insulin infusion, but plasma catecholamines were markedly increased. Seventy minutes later, the glucose concentration increased progressively to 249 mg X dl-1 despite massive insulin infusion, maximally 5.64 mU X kg-1 X min-1. The blood glucose concentration reached a peak at the time of the ligation of the venous drainage from the tumour and the peak was coincident with that of plasma catecholamine levels (epinephrine: 20.8 ng X ml-1, norepinephrine 16.4 ng X ml-1). Both glucose and catecholamine concentrations decreased promptly after removal of the tumour and hypotension followed likely because of a persistent vasodilatatory effect of nicardipine. The profiles of blood glucose, insulin and glucose infusion rates provided by the artificial endocrine pancreas suggested that the insulin resistance began to be reversed shortly after removal of the phaeochromocytoma. AUHamaji M; Miyata M; Kawamori R; Shichiri M; Mashimo T; Nakao K; Kawashima Y EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p538-42 MJAdrenal Gland Neoplasms /SU; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent; Insulin Infusion Systems; Pheochromocytoma /SU MNAdrenal Gland Neoplasms /CO; Calcium Channel Blockers /TU; Catecholamines /BL; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /CO; Kinetics; Middle Age; Nifedipine /AA /TU; Pheochromocytoma /CO MTCase Report; Human; Male RN10024-97-2 (Nitrous Oxide); 151-67-7 (Halothane); 51-55-8 (Atropine); 76-75-5 (Thiopental) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001926 TIAnaesthetic implications of nemaline rod myopathy. ABNemaline rod myopathy is an inherited congenital myopathy first described in 1963. Affected patients characteristically present in infancy with a non-progressive hypotonia and symmetrical muscle weakness. The disease affects all skeletal muscles including the diaphragm with sparing of cardiac and other muscle. Facial dysmorphism is common as are skeletal deformities, including kyphosis, scoliosis and pectus excavatum. We present two sisters with nemaline rod myopathy and their anaesthetic management for scoliosis surgery. Facial dysmorphism was a feature of both cases. Preoperatively, both patients demonstrated poor respiratory function on pulmonary function testing. Both cases were successfully managed using controlled ventilation and inhalational anaesthetic agents, avoiding muscle relaxants. Postoperatively, there were no respiratory complications. Although one case report describes the use of succinylcholine and pancuronium in a patient with nemaline rod myopathy, we feel that neuromuscular blocking agents should be avoided where possible and only used with careful monitoring. AUCunliffe M; Burrows FA EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p543-7 MJAnesthesia, General; Muscular Diseases; Scoliosis /SU MNAdolescence; Atropine /AD; Halothane; Muscular Diseases /FG; Nitrous Oxide /AD; Scoliosis /CO; Thiopental /AD MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001927 TIUse of a modified Doppler flow detector for percutaneous cannulation of the internal jugular vein. ABTo lessen the risks associated with cannulation of the internal jugular vein, a method to identify the contours of the carotid artery and internal jugular vein at the site of cannulation is proposed. This method uses a doppler flow detector equipped with an adjustable electronic filter which selectively enhances the sound component due either to the arterial or venous flow. This method has been applied clinically and was found to be useful in the identification of the vessels. Since doppler flow detectors are readily available in many hospitals and the required modification is simple, we hope that other institutions will find this technique useful in their clinical practice. AULee KC; Chinyanga HM EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p548-50 MJCatheterization /MT; Infusions, Parenteral /MT MNCatheterization /IS; Infusions, Parenteral /IS; Jugular Veins; Skin MTHuman IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001928 TIImaging for anaesthetists: a review of the methods and anaesthetic implications of diagnostic imaging techniques. AUWeston G; Strunin L; Amundson GM EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p552-61 MJAnesthesia; Angiography; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Tomography, Emission Computed; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNNuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Safety MTHuman RN7261-97-4 (Dantrolene) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001929 TIAvailability of dantrolene in Canadian hospitals [letter] AUPaasuke R; Brownell AK EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p567 MJDantrolene MNCanada; Dantrolene /AE MTHuman IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001930 TIMassive haemorrhage during attempted laparoscopy [letter] AUMah TG EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p567-8 MJHemorrhage; Peritoneoscopy MNAdult; Sterilization, Tubal MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001931 TIHyperventilation does not affect the incidence of paresthesiae and blood vessel cannulation during epidural catheter insertion [letter] AURolbin SH; Relle A; Hew EM EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p568 MJAnesthesia, Epidural; Catheterization; Hyperventilation; Paresthesia; Veins MTComparative Study; Human IS0008-2856 LAEnglish; French JCCG7 SBM UI86001932 TIDr. Harold Griffith 1984-1985. AUGillies DM; Wynands JE PSGriffith HR EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p570-4 MNAnesthesiology /HI; Canada; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Portraits MCCurrent Biog-Obit; Historical Article IS0709-8936 LAEnglish JCCHC UI86001933 TIThe dental hygienist. An important member of the periodontal team. AUCotton FR; Ibbott CG EM8601 SOCan Dent Assoc J (Canada), Aug 1985, 51(8) p563-6 MJDental Hygienists; Patient Care Team; Periodontal Diseases /TH MNDental Plaque /PC; Periodontal Diseases /PC /SU MTHuman IS0709-8936 LAEnglish JCCHC UI86001934 TIHome sweet home. Pigeon racing. EM8601 SOCan Dent Assoc J (Canada), Aug 1985, 51(8) p567-8 MJDentists; Hobbies; Pigeons MTAnimal; Human IS0709-8936 LAEnglish JCCHC UI86001935 TIThe use of marsupialization in resolving a dentigerous cystic lesion. A case presentation. AULapeer GL EM8601 SOCan Dent Assoc J (Canada), Aug 1985, 51(8) p569-70 MJDentigerous Cyst; Mandibular Diseases MNMethods; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0709-8936 LAEnglish JCCHC UI86001936 TINevoid basal cell carcinoma. A case report. AUSwanson AE EM8601 SOCan Dent Assoc J (Canada), Aug 1985, 51(8) p575-9 MJBasal Cell Nevus Syndrome; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Jaw Diseases; Odontogenic Cysts MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Follow-Up Studies; Recurrence MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0709-8936 LAEnglish JCCHC UI86001937 TIThe future need for dental treatment in Canada. AUDouglass CW; Gammon MD EM8601 SOCan Dent Assoc J (Canada), Aug 1985, 51(8) p583-90 MJDental Care; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health Services Research MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Canada; Child, Preschool; Child; Dental Caries /TH; Dentists /SD; Forecasting; Infant; Middle Age; Oral Health; Periodontal Diseases /TH; Risk MTHuman IS0709-8936 LAEnglish JCCHC UI86001938 TINeed for treatment. Implications of disease trends. AUQuee TC EM8601 SOCan Dent Assoc J (Canada), Aug 1985, 51(8) p591-2 MJDental Caries; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health Services Research; Periodontal Diseases MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Canada; Child; Curriculum; Education, Dental /TD; Middle Age MTHuman IS0709-8936 LAFrench JCCHC UI86001939 TI[Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma] AUBlondeau F TT[Lymphome non Hodgkinien.] EM8601 SOCan Dent Assoc J (Canada), Aug 1985, 51(8) p599-601 MJLymphoma /DI; Maxillary Sinus; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms MNAdult; Lymphoma /CL /ET /RA; Maxillary Sinus /RA; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms /RA MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001940 TIActin and tubulin in Tetrahymena. ABTubulin and actin are cytoskeletal proteins known to play a major role in dividing cells. Tetrahymena pyriformis, a ciliated protozoan, was used as a model system for investigating tubulin synthesis during cilia regeneration and during the cell cycle. Until recently the identification of actin in Tetrahymena has been controversial. In this report evidence for the presence of actin in Tetrahymena is reviewed and control of actin gene expression during the cell cycle is discussed. AUMitchell EJ; Zimmerman S; Zimmerman AM EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p389-96 MJActins /IP; Tetrahymena Pyriformis; Tubulin /IP MNActins /BI /GE; Genes, Structural; Molecular Weight; Peptide Fragments /AN; RNA, Messenger /GE; Species Specificity; Tubulin /BI /GE MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.1.37 (Protein Kinases); 0 (filamins) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001941 TIThe filamins: properties and functions. ABThe filamins are a group of homologous proteins defined by their high native molecular weight (500,000), their amino acid compositions, their cross-reactivity to antibodies to heterologous filamins, their localization to actin networks and bundles in situ, and their ability to cross-link actin filaments in vitro into three-dimensional networks and bundles. Native filamins contain two subunits (relative mass = 250 000). Each subunit carries at least one actin-binding site and formation of bivalent dimers is therefore believed to explain filamin's ability to cross-link actin filaments. Formation of networks in vitro (corresponding to formation of macroscopic gels) has been analyzed using the theory of Flory. As predicted, a sharp transition to gel (at the critical gelation concentration of filamin) is observed when actin is mixed with increasing concentrations of filamin and the critical gelation concentration is found to vary inversely with the length of actin filaments. However, the measured values of the critical gelation concentration are all higher (2- to 14-fold) than predicted by the theory and the prediction that the critical concentration varies directly with the actin concentration was verified with only one of two techniques used. Filamin's length (160-190 nm) and flexibility (1000-fold greater than actin filaments) may make it especially well fitted to cross-link actin filaments into three-dimensional networks when present in low molar ratios (1:200 to 1:50) relative to actin. At higher molar ratios (greater than 1:20) it also cross-links actin filaments into bundles. Assuming that filamin actually helps organize supramolecular structures inside cells (not yet tested directly), then its concentration relative to actin may help determine whether networks or bundles are formed. Other factors that may influence its localization and function inside cells include competition with other actin-binding proteins (such as myosin and tropomyosin) for binding sites on actin and phosphorylation, which may alter its ability to bind to actin. AUWeihing RR EM8601 IDP30-12708; GM-32794 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p397-413 MJCarrier Proteins; Contractile Proteins; Microfilament Proteins MNActins /ME; Amino Acids /AN; Contractile Proteins /IP /ME; Kinetics; Microfilament Proteins /IP /ME; Molecular Weight; Organ Specificity; Phosphorylation; Protein Kinases MCReview MTAnimal; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001942 TIThe actin treadmill. ABActin filaments can assemble at the barbed end and disassemble simultaneously at the pointed end. Prerequisites for this treadmilling reaction are the structural polarity of actin filaments and tight coupling of the actin assembly reaction and the adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis occurring during actin polymerization. In this article, investigations on the actin treadmill are reviewed. AUWanger M; Keiser T; Neuhaus JM; Wegner A EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p414-21 MJActins /ME MNActins /BI; Adenosine Triphosphate /ME; Hydrolysis; Macromolecular Systems; Models, Biological; Protein Binding MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.5. (Phosphatases); EC 3.6.1.- (GTP Phosphohydrolase); 10028-17-8 (Tritium); 86-01-1 (Guanosine Triphosphate) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001943 TIConcerning the location of the GTP hydrolysis site on microtubules. ABThe kinetics for GTP hydrolysis associated with microtubule assembly with microtubular protein has been analyzed under reaction conditions where tubulin-GDP does not readily assemble into microtubules. The GTPase rate is only slightly faster during the time when net microtubule assembly occurs, as compared with steady state. The slightly slower steady-state GTPase rate apparently results from GDP product inhibition, since the progressive decrease in the rate can be quantitatively accounted for using the previously determined GTP dissociation constant and the Ki value for GDP. Since the GTPase rate is not a function of the rate for net microtubule assembly, it is concluded that GTP hydrolysis is not required for tubulin subunit incorporation into microtubules. The constancy of the rate indicates that the GTPase reaction occurs at a site, the concentration of which does not change during the assembly process. This result is consistent with a reaction scheme in which GTP hydrolysis occurs primarily at microtubule ends. We propose that hydrolysis occurs at microtubule ends, at the interface between a long core of tubulin-GDP subunits and a short cap of tubulin-GTP subunits. AUCaplow M; Shanks J; Brylawski BP EM8601 IDDE03246 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p422-9 MJGTP Phosphohydrolase; Guanosine Triphosphate; Microtubules; Phosphatases MNHydrolysis; Kinetics; Microscopy, Electron; Microtubule-Associated Proteins /ME; Microtubules /UL; Tritium; Tubulin /ME MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001944 TIThe intermediate filament protein desmin in cardiac and skeletal muscle from normal and dystrophic (BIO 14.6) hamsters. ABElectrophoretic separation on polyacrylamide gels of polypeptides extracted from skeletal and cardiac muscle of BIO 14.6 dystrophic, carrier, and random-bred normal hamsters demonstrates similar quantities and electrophoretic mobility of a protein having a relative mass of 52 000 daltons (apparent isoelectric point 6.2) from all sources examined; we have tentatively identified this protein as the intermediate filament protein desmin. Reaction of such separated polypeptides transferred to nitrocellulose blots with antibodies raised against this protein fails to show immunological differences in this 52 000 dalton protein in cardiac and skeletal muscle from normal and dystrophic animals. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of skeletal myofibrils from 30-to 60-day normal and dystrophic animals shows no differences in Z-line staining when immunoglobulins from anti-alpha-actinin serum are used as primary antibodies. Immunoglobulins from the putative anti-desmin serum also produce Z-line staining of skeletal myofibrils from normal animals, but fail to bind to the Z-lines of some skeletal myofibrils from dystrophic hamsters. AUPollock M; Atkinson BG EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p430-8 MJDesmin; Muscles; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal; Myocardium MNElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Hamsters; Immunoenzyme Technics; Mesocricetus; Molecular Weight; Mutation; Myofibrils /AN; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN31430-18-9 (nocodazole); 35846-53-8 (Maytansine); 518-28-5 (Podophyllotoxin); 64-86-8 (Colchicine); 7250-43-3 (N,N'-ethylenebis(iodoacetamide); 865-21-4 (Vinblastine) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001945 TIN,N'-Ethylene-bis(iodoacetamide) as a probe for structural and functional characteristics of brine shrimp, squid, and bovine tubulins. ABWe have developed a simple probe for certain functionally significant features of the tubulin molecule. When bovine brain tubulin is treated with N,N'-ethylene-bis(iodoacetamide) (EBI), two intrachain cross-links, designated beta s and beta *, are formed in beta-tubulin, each one with a unique effect on the electrophoretic mobility of beta on gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. Formation of the beta * cross-link, which involves at least one assembly-critical sulfhydryl, is completely inhibited by colchicine and its congeners, while that of beta s is inhibited completely by maytansine and GTP and partly by vinblastine. To see how conserved this complex pattern is in evolution we examined tubulins from the brine shrimp Artemia and the squid Loligo. In both tubulins EBI forms the beta * cross-link in a reaction inhibitable by colchicine, podophyllotoxin, and nocodazole. In each tubulin, EBI appears to form a second intrachain cross-link in a reaction that can be inhibited completely by maytansine and GTP and partly by vinblastine. In Artemia, this cross-link alters the electrophoretic mobility to a slightly smaller extent than is the case for beta s in bovine brain, but in Loligo the alteration is much greater. It seems that the ligand-binding sites, the critical sulfhydryls, and their spatial interrelationships are strongly conserved and that the beta s sulfhydryls or the sequence between them are less strongly conserved in evolution. AULuduena RF; Roach MC; MacRae TH; Langford GM EM8601 IDGM23476; GM28107 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p439-47 MJArtemia; Cross-Linking Reagents; Ethylenediamines; Squid; Tubulin /ME MNAlkylation; Benzimidazoles /PD; Cattle; Cell Fractionation; Colchicine /PD; Maytansine /PD; Microtubules /UL; Molecular Weight; Podophyllotoxin /PD; Species Specificity; Tubulin /IP; Vinblastine /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 9004-10-8 (Insulin); 9008-18-8 (Keratin) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001946 TIDexamethasone can modulate the synthesis and organization of cytokeratins in cultured differentiating rat hepatocytes. ABDexamethasone, added to suckling rat hepatocytes cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with insulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF), caused a selective dose-dependent increase in cytokeratin synthesis. The response was dependent on the initial hepatocyte density. At 5 X 10(4) hepatocytes/cm2 a concentration of 1 or 10 microM dexamethasone, in the presence of insulin, enhanced the synthesis of a 55 000 relative mass (Mr) cytokeratin and to a lesser degree a 49 000 Mr cytokeratin, whereas at 1 X 10(5) hepatocytes/cm2 10 microM dexamethasone preferentially stimulated a 51 000 Mr component. Preferential synthesis of the 51 000 Mr component also occurred when either 1 or 10 microM dexamethasone was added to cultures seeded at 2 X 10(5) hepatocytes/cm2. The inclusion of EGF along with dexamethasone and insulin in cultures at 2 X 10(5) cells/cm2 yielded a differential effect of dexamethasone concentration equivalent to that observed at the lower cell density in absence of EGF. Under conditions where increased cytokeratin synthesis was observed, the hepatocytes maintained a high production of albumin and lost their capacity to produce alpha-fetoprotein, a change in gene expression associated with the normal differentiation of suckling rat hepatocytes. In contrast, no enhancement of cytokeratin synthesis was observed in hepatocytes following addition of EGF and insulin only, a condition that promoted hepatocyte growth and the maintenance of alpha-fetoprotein production. The dexamethasone-induced enhancement of cytokeratin synthesis was still present at 3 days postseeding. At this time, morphological observations by phase-contrast and immunofluorescence microscopy using monoclonal antibodies against the 55 000 and 49 000 Mr components revealed that under growth-promoting conditions the hepatocytes were spread and the cytokeratin filaments were stretched, whereas under differentiation-promoting conditions the cultures constitute a compact monolayer of cells exhibiting highly ordered filaments. These data suggest a close relationship between synthesis and organization of cytokeratins and promotion of differentiation of suckling rat hepatocytes by glucocorticoids. AUMarceau N; Baribault H; Leroux-Nicollet I EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p448-57 MJDexamethasone; Keratin /ME; Liver /ME MNAlpha Fetoproteins /BI; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cells, Cultured; DNA Replication /DE; Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone /PD; Insulin /PD; Keratin /BI /IP; Kinetics; Liver /CY /DE; Molecular Weight; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats; Serum Albumin /BI MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001947 TIA monoclonal antibody to beta-tubulin distinguishes a subset of neurons and axons in the chick ciliary ganglion. ABA monoclonal antibody, called mabPS2, has been produced by injecting mice with purified postsynaptic densities from adult rat brain. The antibody reacts with an epitope of beta-tubulin which is not found on the alpha-tubulin subunit. In the chick ciliary ganglion mabPS2 reacts both with some large and some small neuron. mabPS2 also labels a subset of myelinated, as well as some unmyelinated axons. Higher magnification of longitudinal sections of axons shows that the reaction product is associated with microtubules. The nerve terminals on the ciliary neurons are also labelled and at higher magnification the label is seen to be distributed generally throughout the cytosol and especially concentrated on the membranes of synaptic vesicles. mabPS2 can therefore be used a a differentiation marker for neurons in chick ciliary ganglion. AUTremblay JP; Gravel C; Hawkes RB EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p458-69 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Axons; Cerebral Cortex; Ganglia, Parasympathetic; Neurons; Tubulin MNAntigenic Determinants /AN; Brain /CY; Chickens; Immunoenzyme Technics; Macromolecular Systems; Rats; Tubulin /IM MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (troponin-T) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001948 TIA monoclonal antitroponin-T cross-reacts with smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells. ABA mouse monoclonal antibody was prepared against chicken skeletal troponin-T. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy of smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells indicated the presence of a cross-reactive component(s). In contrast to the definitive I-band reactivity in striated muscle, the smooth muscle components from chicken gizzard, lung, and small intestine showed diffuse, cytoplasmic staining. A filamentous pattern which converged on a perinuclear focus was observed in interphase cells (356 fibroblasts). This cross-reaction was determined to be associated with microtubules. To assess the extent of occurrence of the cross-reactive species, representatives of both the fungal and plant kingdoms were examined. In both Dictyostelium discoideum and cells of the onion (Allium) root tip, the antitroponin-T detected cross-reactive components associated with microtubules. Immunoblot experiments conducted to determine the molecular specificity of the antibody showed cross-reaction with only troponin-T in striated muscle preparations. Similar experiments with the antitroponin-T on chicken gizzard smooth muscle indicated reactivity with two bands whose electrophoretic mobilities are within the range reported for striated muscle troponin-T. Our results indicate the presence of a highly conserved troponin-T cross-reactive determinant in all muscle types, as well as nonmuscle cells. They raise the possibility of a troponin-like molecule in smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells which may confer calcium sensitivity in their cellular filament systems. AULim SS; Hering GE; Borisy GG EM8601 IDGM 30385; 5 T32 GMO7133-09 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p470-8 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Intestine, Small; Lung; Muscle, Smooth; Muscles; Myocardium; Troponin MNCell Line; Chickens; Cross Reactions; Dictyostelium /CY; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Infant, Newborn; Myofibrils /UL; Organ Specificity; Plants /CY; Rabbits; Skin; Species Specificity; Troponin /IM MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001949 TIMicrotubule mutants. ABGenetics has become an important tool for studying microtubule structure and function. Mutations in genes that encode microtubule proteins have been isolated in several, evolutionarily diverse organisms. These mutations have been, and will increasingly be, of great value in determining which cellular events are microtubule mediated, in determining which genes encode the microtubule proteins involved in a particular cellular event, and in determining the mechanisms of resistance to anti-microtubule drugs. These mutants also have great potential, which is just beginning to be realized, for identifying proteins other than alpha- and beta-tubulin that are essential to microtubule function and for determining the mechanisms of microtubule-based force production in mitosis and organellar movement. AUOakley BR EM8601 IDGM 31837 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p479-88 MJMicrotubule-Associated Proteins; Microtubules; Mutation MNDrug Resistance; Evolution; Genes, Structural; Microtubule-Associated Proteins /PH; Species Specificity MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN126-07-8 (Griseofulvin) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001950 TIGenetic and biochemical studies with mutants of mammalian cells affected in microtubule-related proteins other than tubulin: mitochondrial localization of a microtubule-related protein. ABIn Chinese hamster ovary cells, stable mutants exhibiting specific resistance or collateral sensitivity towards the various microtubule inhibitors podophyllotoxin, colchicine, griseofulvin, taxol, nocodazole, vinblastine, and maytansine have been isolated. A number of independent mutants selected for resistance to podophyllotoxin and colchicine contain electrophoretically altered forms of two proteins, P1 and P2, of relative molecular masses of approximately 63 000 and 69 000, respectively. The proteins P1 and P2 have been shown to be microtubule related by a number of different genetic and biochemical criteria and are among the major proteins of Chinese hamster ovary cells, being present in approximately equimolar amounts with tubulin. In addition, a griseofulvin-resistant mutant contains a novel mutation (presumably nonsense) which reduces the relative molecular mass of a protein, P5 (relative mass congruent to 200 000), by about 20 000. Specific antibodies to protein P1 have been raised and cross-reactivity studies show that a similar protein is also present in cells from all vertebrate species examined, viz. man, monkey, mouse, Chinese hamster, Syrian hamster, and chicken. Immunofluorescence studies with anti-P1 and anti-tubulin antibodies show that, in interphase cells from various species, the P1 antibody reacts specifically with mitochondria whose overall cellular distribution is strikingly similar to the distribution of microtubules. The mitochondrial localization of the microtubule-related protein P1 provides strong suggestive evidence regarding the existence of a chemical and functional linkage between these two structures, with protein P1 playing an important role in this linkage. Some implication of these results are discussed and it is suggested that mitochondria play an important role in the dynamics of microtubules. AUGupta RS; Venner TJ; Chopra A EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p489-502 MJGenes, Structural; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Mitochondria; Mutation MNAntibodies; Cell Line; Cricetulus; Cross Reactions; Drug Resistance; Genes, Structural /DE; Griseofulvin /PD; Hamsters; Interphase; Microtubule-Associated Proteins /IM; Molecular Weight; Ovary; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tubulin /GE MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN35846-53-8 (Maytansine); 53-79-2 (Puromycin) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001951 TIMaytansine-resistant mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells with an alteration in alpha-tubulin. ABMutant clones of Chinese hamster ovary cells resistant to killing by the Vinca alkaloid maytansine have been isolated using a single-step procedure. These mutants are threefold more resistant to killing by the drug than the wild-type parent. The majority of the clones (30 to 34) probably contain alterations in membrane permeability based on their cross-resistance to an unrelated drug, puromycin. Two of the four puromycin-sensitive clones were found to contain ╥extra╙ spots which migrated close to alpha-tubulin on two-dimensional gels. The ╥extra╙ spots were shown to be electrophoretic variants of alpha-tubulin with an identical two-dimensional tryptic peptide map to that of the wild-type alpha-tubulin. The alpha-tubulin mutants were cross-resistant to other microtubule disrupting drugs such as griseofulvin, vinblastine, and colcemid, but were more sensitive to the microtubule-stabilizing agent taxol than the wild-type parental cells. Mutant--wild-type hybrids were found to be resistant to levels of maytansine intermediate between the lethal doses for mutant and wild-type cells. A possible explanation for the drug resistance of these mutants is discussed. AUSchibler MJ; Cabral FR EM8601 IDGM 29955 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p503-10 MJMaytansine; Mutation; Oxazines; Tubulin MNCell Line; Cell Survival /DE; Clone Cells; Cricetulus; Drug Resistance; Hamsters; Ovary; Peptide Fragments /AN; Proteins /IP; Puromycin /PD; Tubulin /IP MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.6.1.- (Dynein); 33069-62-4 (taxol) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001953 TIMicrotubule polarity in taxol-treated isolated spindles. ABSpindles were isolated from Spisula oocytes in the presence or absence of taxol to determine if cell lysis procedures previously used to analyze spindle microtubule polarity may have resulted in the loss of any microtubules of a particular polarity. Electrophoretic analysis indicated that spindle preparations isolated in the presence of taxol contained considerably more tubulin than did those isolated in the absence of taxol. Although there was no corresponding increase in the birefringence of the taxol-treated isolated spindles, thereby suggesting that they did not possess a greater concentration of aligned microtubules between the poles and the equatorial plate, electron microscopy revealed that the taxol-treated isolated spindles did, in fact, contain more microtubules than did the nontaxol-treated isolated spindles. These microtubules were predominantly localized immediately around the centrioles, suggesting that assembly may have occurred during the lysis into taxol. The spindles were decorated with Chlamydomonas dynein to display microtubule polarity. The majority of microtubules, located between the chromosomes and poles, possessed a uniform polarity in both taxol- and nontaxol-treated isolated spindles. In the region of the chromosomes, however, up to 45% of the microtubules were oriented with a polarity opposite to the remainder and were intermingled among them. It is probable that microtubules with opposite polarities arise from the opposing poles and overlap in the equatorial region. The extent of overlap appears to be quite substantial and thus may be of significance during mitotic movements. AUHaimo LT EM8601 IDGM 28886 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p519-32 MJAlkaloids; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Microtubules /UL; Mitotic Spindle Apparatus /UL MNCell Fractionation; Clams; Dynein /IP /ME; Microscopy, Electron; Microtubules /DE; Mitotic Spindle Apparatus /DE; Oocytes /CY /DE MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (vinculin) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001954 TIThe focal adhesions of chick retinal pigmented epithelial cells. ABRetinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells obtained from the eyes of chick embryos from colonies in vitro in which cells at the periphery of the colony express an undifferentiated, well-spread morphology and develop extremely large areas of cell-substratum adhesion. These adhesions can be classified as focal on the basis of the following: (a) their black surface reflection interference image, the contrast of which is not affected by changes in either the wavelength of the incident light or the refractive index of the immersion medium; (b) their association with the termini of actin-containing microfilament bundles; and (c) their ability to be labelled with antiserum against vinculin, a protein specific for adhesions of the focal type. The focal adhesions of RPE cells comprise laterally associated individual focal contacts, the mechanism by which this association is achieved and maintained is yet unknown. Because of the unusually large size and excellent microscopical definition of their focal adhesions, I used RPE cells to investigate the role of other actin-associated proteins in adhesion complexes. One of these, nonerythroid spectrin (fodrin), a protein suggested to play a role in anchoring actin filaments to the plasma membrane, was neither concentrated in nor excluded from the focal adhesions of RPE cells. Thus, at least in this cell type, spectrin seems unlikely to serve as a link between the major actin-containing microfilament bundles and the plasma membrane in the regions of cell-to-substratum contacts. AUOpas M EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p553-63 MJCytoskeleton; Microfilaments; Retinal Pigments; Retina /PH MNActins /AN; Cell Adhesion; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Epithelium /CY /PH; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Muscle Proteins /AN; Retina /CY MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (neurofilament proteins) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001955 TIBasket cell development in the normal and hypothyroid rat cerebellar cortex studied with a monoclonal anti-neurofilament antibody. ABWe have used a monoclonal antibody against an antigenic determinant of the 210-kdalton neurofilament protein to study basket cell maturation in rat cerebellar cortex. Neurofilament immunoreactivity first appears in basket cells at postnatal day 12 and mature axonal ╥pinceaux╙ are present at postnatal day 17. There are large differences in the rate of maturation from lobe to lobe which do not fully correspond to the rate of Purkinje cell differentiation. In hypothyroid rats the expression of the neurofilament antigen by basket cells is almost completely suppressed. AULeclerc N; Gravel C; Plioplys A; Hawkes R EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p564-76 MJCerebellar Cortex; Cytoskeleton; Hypothyroidism; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Intermediate Filaments MNAntibodies, Monoclonal; Antigenic Determinants /AN; Cerebellar Cortex /PA; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Immunoenzyme Technics; Intermediate Filament Proteins /IM; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Molecular Weight; Rats, Inbred LEW; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (neurofilament proteins) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001956 TIImmunostaining of neurofilament protein in human postmortem cortex: a sensitive and specific approach to the pattern analysis of human cortical cytoarchitecture. ABAntibodies raised against the 200 000 neurofilament protein (NFP) of rat brain have been successfully applied to the staining of human postmortem cortex using a modified immunoperoxidase procedure. Human anterior cingulate cortex which has been in formaldehyde fixative for as long as 4 years shows extensive and reliable staining of axons and, to a lesser degree, apical dendrites of cortical neurons. The immunostaining of 200 000 NFP in human cortex has revealed cytoarchitectural details not generally visible with other more conventional neuroanatomical stains, particularly when counterstaining with cresyl violet is employed. Potential applications of this approach to the pattern analysis of human cortical cytoarchitecture in both health and disease are discussed. AUMajocha RE; Marotta CA; Benes FM EM8601 ID423; AG00084; NIA02126; + SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p577-84 MJCerebral Cortex /PA; Intermediate Filament Proteins MNAutopsy; Cerebral Cortex /AH; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Immune Sera; Immunoenzyme Technics; Molecular Weight; Rats MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001957 TIDoes actin produce the force that moves a chromosome to the pole during anaphase? ABChromosomes move towards spindle poles because of force produced by chromosomal spindle fibres. I argue that actin is involved in producing this force. Actin is present in chromosomal spindle fibres, with consistent polarity. Physiological experiments using ultraviolet microbeam irradiations suggest that the force is due to an actin and myosin (or myosin-equivalent) system. Other physiological experiments (using inhibitors in ╥leaky╙ cells or antibodies injected into cells) that on the face of it would seem to rule out actin and myosin on closer scrutiny do not really do so at all. I argue that in vivo the ╥on╙ ends of chromosomal spindle fibre microtubules are at the kinetochores; I discuss the apparent contradiction between this conclusion and those from experiments on microtubules in vitro. From what we know of treadmilling in microtubules in vitro, the poleward movements of irradiation-induced areas of reduced birefringence (arb) can not be explained as treadmilling of microtubules: additional assumptions need to be made for arb movements toward the pole to be due to treadmilling. If arb movement does indeed represent treadmilling along chromosomal spindle fibre microtubules, treadmilling continues throughout anaphase. Thus I suggest that chromosomal spindle fibres shorten in anaphase not because polymerization is stopped at the kinetochore (the on end), as previously assumed, but rather because there is increased depolymerization at the pole (the ╥off╙ end). AUForer A EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p585-98 MJActins; Anaphase; Chromosomes MNAnaphase /RE; Chromosomes /RE /UL; Microtubules /PH /UL; Mitotic Spindle Apparatus /PH /UL; Myofibrils /PH /UL; Myosin /PH; Ultraviolet Rays MCReview MTAnimal IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001958 TIElongation of cytoplasmic processes during gametic mating: models for actin-based motility. ABThe acrosomal processes of Thyone and Limulus sperm and the fertilization tubule of mt+ gametes of Chlamydomonas are interesting models for actin-based motility. Each is a long thin process that elongates rapidly and contains a core of actin filaments having uniform polarity: arrowheads formed by myosin subfragments point toward the base of the processes. In Limulus, directed outgrowth of the acrosomal process is achieved by a rearrangement in the packing of superhelically coiled actin filaments that form during spermatogenesis. In contrast, outgrowth of the acrosomal process in Thyone and the fertilization tubule in Chlamydomonas is accompanied by actin polymerization. Both Thyone and Chlamydomonas possess structures, the actomere and the doublet zone, respectively, that serve as microfilament organizing centers, nucleating actin polymerization and defining the polarity of the growing filaments. Alkalinization of the cytoplasm may promote polymerization of actin in Thyone, whereas an apparent rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration is associated with the transmission of intracellular signals during mating in Chlamydomonas. Further examination of these three actin-based motile systems should provide new insights into the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton, a process critical for many forms of nonmuscle cellular motility. AUDetmers PA EM8601 IDGM25813 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p599-607 MJActins; Cell Movement; Chlamydomonas; Fertilization; Sperm-Ovum Interactions MNAcrosome /PH /UL; Chlamydomonas /UL; Horseshoe Crabs; Microfilaments /PH /UL; Microscopy, Electron; Sea Cucumbers MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN31430-18-9 (nocodazole); 64-86-8 (Colchicine) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001959 TIEvidence that cell surface motility in Allogromia is mediated by cytoplasmic microtubules. ABWe have previously shown that reticulopods of Allogromia sp. (strain NF) and Allogromia laticollaris display rapid, bidirectional saltatory transport of plasma membrane surface markers (i.e., polystyrene microspheres). Correlative video microscopic and electron microscopic methods were used to determine whether cytoskeletal components are involved in this surface transport. Such transport was observed only where the plasma membrane overlay cytoplasmic fibrils, which have been shown to be involved in organelle transport. Ultrastructural analysis indicated that these fibrils contain microtubules and an associated flocculent fibrillar material. In studies with nonionic detergents the surface marker particles remained bound to these microtubule-containing fibrils, even after the plasma membrane had been removed. Surface transport was inhibited when reticulopods were treated with agents that induce microtubule disassembly. Together these observations provide strong evidence that surface motility in Allogromia is mediated by labile cytoplasmic microtubules. AUBowser SS; Rieder CL EM8601 ID01219 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p608-20 MJMicrotubules /PH; Sarcodina MNBenzimidazoles /PD; Cell Membrane /PH /UL; Colchicine /PD; Cold; Cytoplasm /CY /PH; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Phase Contrast; Microtubules /DE /UL; Sarcodina /UL MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN33069-62-4 (taxol) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001960 TIRole of the marginal band in an invertebrate erythrocyte: evidence for a universal mechanical function. ABMarginal bands of microtubules are present in erythrocytes of all nonmammalian vertebrates and some invertebrates, in which they are thought to play a role in erythrocyte morphogenesis. Recently, marginal bands have also been implicated in maintenance of shape in vertebrate erythrocytes and platelets subjected to external mechanical forces. Here we demonstrate that marginal bands in an invertebrate (╥blood clam╙) erythrocyte act similarly. Cells with and without marginal bands at the same temperature were prepared by (a) nocodazole or colchicine inhibition of marginal band reassembly following 0 degree C disassembly, (b) taxol inhibition of marginal band disassembly at 0 degree C, and (c) taxol induction of marginal band reassembly at 0 degree C. As shown previously for temperature-induced marginal band reassembly in this species, taxol-induced reassembly at 0 degree C occurred in association with centrioles. When erythrocytes with and without marginal bands were compared for their response to the mechanical stress of fluxing through capillary tubes, many more of those without marginal bands tended to become folded or buckled regardless of the method used to prepare them. The results provide evidence that marginal bands have a universal mechanical function in mature erythrocytes. AUJoseph-Silverstein J; Cohen WD EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p621-30 MJErythrocytes /UL MNAlkaloids /PD; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic /PD; Clams; Cytoskeleton /UL; Erythrocytes /CY /DE; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Stress, Mechanical; Tubulin /AN MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001961 TINuclear RNA-associated proteins and their relationship to the nuclear matrix and related structures in HeLa cells. ABThe ultrastructure and the polypeptide composition of residual nuclear substructures including nuclear matrices, nuclear ghosts, and residual envelopes were investigated by means of electron microscopy and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Nuclear matrices were prepared by digesting isolated nuclei with DNase I alone, followed by high-salt extraction in 2 M NaCl. Nuclear ghosts were obtained by high-salt extraction of nuclei previously digested with DNase and RNase in MgCl2-containing buffers. To prepare residual envelopes, nuclei were first digested with RNase in the presence of EDTA, then digested with Mg2+ -activated DNase I, and extracted in 2 M NaCl. The results of this comparative study support the conclusion that the intranuclear matrix is made of two distinct RNA-containing elements. One of these elements appears on ultrathin sections as a thin fibrillar network. It disappears from RNase-digested nuclei, together with numerous basic proteins, whatever the conditions of digestion. Although this element is present in extranucleolar territories, it is a major component of residual nucleoli. The second element appears as coarse-beaded fibers absent from the nucleolar areas. Its preservation in residual nuclear substructures depends on the presence of Mg2+ ions during RNase digestion of nuclei. It is enriched in two minor basic proteins of relative mass 49 000 and 70 000. The involvement of this fibrogranular element in heterogeneous nuclear RNA attachment to the nuclear matrix is discussed. AUBouvier D; Hubert J; Seve AP ; Bouteille M EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p631-43 MJCell Nucleus; Ribonucleoproteins MNCell Fractionation; Cytoskeleton /UL; Detergents; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Hela Cells /UL; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Nuclear Membrane /UL; Salts MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.21.1 (Deoxyribonuclease I); 0 (nuclear antigens); 9002-93-1 (Octoxynol); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001962 TILocalization of nuclear antigens during preparation of nuclear matrices in situ. ABNuclear matrix structure closely resembles the organization of nonchromatin components of nuclei in situ. However, reports on the extent to which nuclear components are reorganized during matrix isolation have produced conflicting results, and the reality of an in situ nuclear matrix is still in question. We have prepared nuclear matrices by processing cells still attached to the growth substrate through the extraction steps, thus avoiding mechanical disruption due to homogenization and centrifugation. Furthermore, the extensive residual cytoskeleton seems to keep the residual nuclei ╥stretched out╙ so that they retain many features of intact nuclei. Indirect immunofluorescence staining was used to compare the distribution of nuclear antigens in intact nuclei with their organization in nuclear matrices, as well as at each stage of nuclear matrix preparation. We have applied monoclonal antibodies P1, I1, PI1, and PI2, which had been generated against isolated matrices, as well as autoimmune sera detecting lamins, perichromin, and centromere antigens. Chromatin and RNA extraction was monitored with Hoechst 33258, ethidium bromide, and antihistone. The lamins, PI1, and, to a great extent, PI2 and centromere antigens were little affected by the extraction. The data suggest furthermore that PI1 is a fundamental nuclear matrix component and may serve in integrating peripheral and internal nuclear functions. P1 and perichromin were extensively redistributed after chromatin extraction, supporting a role for these antigens in spatial ordering of chromatin. I1 was progressively extracted at each stage of nuclear matrix preparation and was artifactually associated with matrices which had not been digested with RNase. This study demonstrates unequivocally that the organization of many nuclear matrix components in final preparations reflects their organization in situ. It does indicate, however, that some components retained in matrices are extensively redistributed during nuclear matrix preparation and that their role in nuclear organization must be evaluated in consequence. AUChaly N; Little JE; Brown DL EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p644-53 MJAntigens; Cell Nucleus; Nucleoproteins MNAntibodies, Monoclonal; Cells, Cultured; Centromere /UL; DNA /IP; Deoxyribonuclease I; Detergents; Histones /IP; Mice; Microscopy, Phase Contrast; Osmolar Concentration; Polyethylene Glycols; RNA /IP MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.21.1 (Deoxyribonuclease I) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001963 TIAn association between replicating adenovirus DNA and the nuclear matrix of infected HeLa cells. ABAn association between newly synthesized human adenovirus type 5 DNA and the nuclear matrix of infected HeLa cells is described. Adenovirus-infected cells were pulsed labeled with [3H]thymidine late in infection and the nuclear matrix was prepared. After a 1-min pulse more than 95% of the labeled viral DNA was matrix associated and, when compared with total cell DNA, was resistant to DNase I digestion. When the pulse is longer or is followed by a chase period, the viral DNA remains nuclear matrix associated and less nuclease sensitive than bulk cellular DNA. The resistance to nuclease digestion may result from the close association of viral DNA with the nuclear matrix or could be due to a number of viral-specific proteins which are nuclear matrix associated. It is concluded that viral DNA synthesis occurs in association with the nuclear matrix and the newly synthesized DNA remains matrix associated until it is incorporated into a mature virus particle. AUYounghusband HB EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p654-60 MJAdenoviruses, Human; Cell Nucleus; DNA Replication MNDNA, Neoplasm /AN; DNA, Viral /AN /GE; Deoxyribonuclease I; Hela Cells /UL; Kinetics; Viral Proteins /IP; Virus Replication MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1.- (calcium magnesium ATPase); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium); 0 (gelsolin); 11003-00-2 (Actinin); 12634-43-4 (Spectrin); 9013-26-7 (Actomyosin) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001964 TIChromaffin cell cytoskeleton: its possible role in secretion. ABCytoskeleton proteins (actin, myosin, alpha-actinin, spectrin, tubulin, neurofilament subunits) and their regulatory proteins (calmodulin, gelsolin) have been isolated from adrenal chromaffin cells and characterized. Their physicochemical properties have been studied and their cell localizations have been revealed by biochemical, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural techniques. alpha-Actinin and spectrin are components of chromaffin granule membranes and some of the cell actin copurifies with these secretory granules. Myosin is not detected in the granules, but is present mainly in the cytosol and close to the cell surface. Trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonists, blocks stimulation-induced hormone release from chromaffin cells at a step distal from Ca2+ entry. High affinity calmodulin-binding sites have also been found in chromaffin granule membranes and their calmodulin-binding proteins have been characterized. Furthermore, microinjection of calmodulin antibodies into chromaffin cells blocks hormone output in response to stimulation. In view of the above findings, the possible roles of contractile proteins and calmodulin in chromaffin cell functions are discussed. AUTrifaro JM ; Bader MF; Doucet JP EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p661-79 MJAdrenal Medulla; Chromaffin Granules; Chromaffin System; Cytoskeleton MNActinin /AN; Actins /AN; Actomyosin /AN; Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium /AN /ME; Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium /AN /ME; Calcium-Binding Proteins /AN; Calmodulin /AN; Cells, Cultured; Chromaffin Granules /UL; Intermediate Filaments /UL; Microfilament Proteins /AN; Microtubules /UL; Molecular Weight; Nerve Tissue Proteins /AN; Spectrin /AN; Tropomyosin /AN MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9008-18-8 (Keratin) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001965 TIUltrastructural localization of cytoskeletal proteins in pancreatic secretory cells. ABActin, myosin, and keratin immunoreactive sites have been localized with high resolution in pancreatic exocrine cells, by applying the protein A-gold technique on tissues processed at low temperature conditions. The labeling by gold particles was found at the level of the cell web and closely associated with the limiting membranes of the immature and mature secretory granules, as well as those of the ╥trans╙ cisternae of the Golgi apparatus. These results, together with those obtained in the study on the localization of secretory proteins in exocrine pancreatic cells, demonstrate that cytoskeletal proteins are present at sites where maturation and (or) concentration of the secretory proteins occur. Thus, besides the role that cytoskeletal proteins must play in the transport of the secretory granules from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, they may also be involved in the process of protein maturation and (or) concentration. AUBendayan M EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p680-90 MJCytoskeletal Proteins; Pancreas /UL MNActins /AN; Diaphragm /UL; Duodenum /UL; Keratin /AN; Microscopy, Electron; Muscle, Smooth /UL; Myosin /AN; Organ Specificity; Pancreas /CY; Rats; Skin /UL MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001967 TIStudies on lectins. LIX. Isolation and properties of lectins from fruiting bodies of Xerocomus chrysenteron and Lactarius lignyotus. ABThe lectins of fruiting bodies of Xerocomus chrysenteron and Lactarius lignyotus were purified on Sepharose 4B containing immobilized fetuin. Both lectins agglutinate human erythrocytes nonspecifically at limit concentrations of 15 micrograms/mL. Their erythroagglutinating activities are not inhibited by simple sugars; desialyzed fetuin, desialyzed glycoprotein from edible bird's nest, and desialyzed mucin from porcine submaxillary glands are the most effective inhibitors. AUSychrova H ; Ticha M ; Kocourek J EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p700-4 MJLectins MNAmino Acids /AN; Carbohydrates /AN; Electrophoresis, Disc; Erythrocytes /IM; Hemagglutination; Molecular Weight; Seeds /AN; Species Specificity MTComparative Study; Human RNEC 3.1.- (arginine esterase); EC 3.1.1 (Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases); 0 (poly(A); 24937-83-5 (Poly A) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001968 TIIn vitro translation of mRNA for arginine esterase, the major secretory protein of dog prostate, and in vitro processing of the translation product. ABPoly(A)+ rich RNA was isolated from prostate of adult dogs and translated in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell-free protein-synthesizing system. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the translation products showed that a protein with a molecular weight of 31 000 was predominantly synthesized. This protein was immunoprecipitated with antibodies directed against purified arginine esterase from dog seminal plasma. mRNA isolated from the prostate of animals castrated for 1 or 2 weeks was unable to direct the synthesis of arginine esterase. However, the synthesis of the enzyme could be stimulated by androgens in castrated animals, presumably by increasing prostatic concentrations of arginine esterase mRNA. The single chain translation product could be further processed in vitro by the addition of dog pancreas microsomes and purified arginine esterase. This procedure yielded split chains of arginine esterase which had identical electrophoretic mobilities as seminal plasma enzyme by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. When prostatic tissue slices were incubated with tunicamycin, the unglycosylated arginine esterase obtained had a lower molecular weight than the in vitro translation product, suggesting that a signal peptide had been removed in the living cells. These results indicate that arginine esterase processing may include the following steps: removal of a signal peptide, glycosylation, and splitting of the polypeptide chain by active arginine esterase in the secretory granules or outside the cell. AUChapdelaine P; Dube JY ; Frenette G; Tremblay RR EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p705-10 MJCarboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Prostate; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; RNA, Messenger; Translation, Genetic MNCarboxylic Ester Hydrolases /IP; Cell-Free System; Dogs; Molecular Weight; Poly A /GE /IP; RNA /GE /IP; Rabbits; Reticulocytes /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7005-03-0 (Leucine); 7005-18-7 (Methionine) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001969 TIMammalian lymphocytes: stress-induced synthesis of heat-shock proteins in vitro and in vivo. ABMammalian (human, mouse, and rabbit) white blood cells (lymphocytes) maintained in culture respond to a brief incubation at an elevated temperature (at or above 41 degrees C) by (i) the new and (or) enhanced synthesis of a small number of proteins (the so-called heat-shock proteins; HSPs) having molecular masses of approximately 110 000, 100 000, 90 000, 70 000, 65 000, and 26 000 daltons and (ii) the depressed synthesis of proteins normally made at 37 degrees C. The HSPs synthesized in culture by human, rabbit, and mouse (peripheral and splenic) lymphocytes are similar in number, molecular mass, and distribution on two-dimensional (isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide) electrophoretic gels to those synthesized in vivo by lymphocytes in hyperthermic mice. Since the level of hyperthermia used to induce HSP synthesis in mouse lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo is of a magnitude (41 degrees C) also used to promote thermotolerance in mice and is similar to temperatures attained during febrile episodes in rabbits and in humans, we suggest that the in vitro and in vivo synthesis of HSPs by mouse lymphocytes, demonstrated in this study, represents a relevant, physiological response which mammalian lymphocytes may normally use to survive periods of thermal stress. AURodenhiser D; Jung JH; Atkinson BG EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p711-22 MJHeat-Shock Proteins; Heat; Lymphocytes MNCarbon Radioisotopes; Cell Line; Fever /BL; Heat-Shock Proteins /BL /IP; Leucine /ME; Methionine /ME; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Molecular Weight; Plasmacytoma; Rabbits; Species Specificity; Sulfur Radioisotopes MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN320-67-2 (Azacytidine) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001971 TICharacteristics of myoblasts isolated from golden Syrian and dystrophic (strain CHF-146) hamsters. ABA method for dissociating and culturing myoblast cells from normal (golden Syrian) and myopathic (CHF-146) hind leg muscles of 8- to 10-day-old hamsters has been described. We have compared the fusion ability of the myoblasts from normal tissue with that of myopathic myoblasts and, further, we have studied this process with respect to gelatin-coated and uncoated plastic culture dishes. Our data show that myoblasts from normal tissue grows well on both surfaces, although fusion is enhanced when these cells are grown on a gelatin-coated surface. Myoblasts from dystrophic tissue, however, appear to have an impaired ability to adhere to an uncoated surface, although fusion is enhanced when these myoblasts are grown on coated plates. The fusion percentage of the dystrophic cells is consistently lower than that of myoblasts from normal tissue. At low concentrations of 5-azacytidine tested, there seems to be no enhancement of fusion capability in either the normal or dystrophic lines. AUNg SK; Lewis KE EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p730-6 MJMuscles /PA; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal MNAzacytidine /PD; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cell Fusion; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Hamsters; Mesocricetus; Muscles /CY /DE; Species Specificity; Tissue Culture /MT MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001972 TIDevelopment and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein. ABSix monoclonal antibodies were developed to pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (PS beta 1G). Studies of ascitic fluid antibodies by a double-antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) included an evaluation of titers, dose-response parameters, and mass action properties. Four of the antibodies demonstrated moderate to high titers ranging from 1/40 000 to greater than 1/120 000, as determined by the specific binding of 125I-labeled PS beta 1G. In inhibition studies utilizing a standard containing known quantities of placental PS beta 1G, two of the antibodies (AR 11 and B 2) were highly sensitive and only slightly lower in this regard than a high affinity polyclonal antiserum. The binding affinities of AR 11 and B 2 monoclonals were greater than 10(9) mol-1 which underline their importance as potential clinical reagents for the RIA of PS beta 1G. The Scatchard plots, for several of the antibodies, were linear and in full agreement with a single order of binding sites predicted for specific monoclonal reagents. Immunodiffusion results provide preliminary evidence that at least three distinct determinants on PS beta 1G are recognized by a number of the monoclonal antibodies. Further studies on the fine specificities of the antibodies by solid-phase RIA, as well as a detailed evaluation of their clinical applications, are in progress. AUGidney MA; Bundle DR; Godard A; Griffiths BW EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p737-42 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Pregnancy Proteins; Pregnancy-Specific Beta 1-Glycoprotein MNCell Line; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Gel Diffusion Tests; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Plasmacytoma /IM; Pregnancy-Specific Beta 1-Glycoprotein /IM; Pregnancy; Radioimmunoassay MTAnimal; Female; Human RN14930-96-2 (Cytochalasin B); 1662-06-2 (17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001973 TIEffects of cytochalasin B on steroid-induced oocyte meiosis and centrifugally induced nuclear movement in the goldfish Carassius auratus. ABIn goldfish, 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxyprogesterone (DHP) induced oocyte nucleus or germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and dissolution (GVD) in a dose-related fashion. Administration of cytochalasin B (CB) in the presence of DHP inhibited the steroid-induced GVM and GVD after 24 and 48 h of incubation. The presence of CB alone, at concentrations below 25 micrograms/mL, had no effect on GVM or GVD. Furthermore, CB, either alone or in combination with DHP, elicited significant increases in follicular diameter after 24 and 48 h of incubation. To test the effect of CB on ooplasmic viscoelasticity, fully grown follicles were centrifuged and the centrifugally induced germinal vesicle (GV) displacement was determined. Pretreatment (24 h) of follicles with high doses of CB (25 and 50 micrograms/mL) increased the movement of GV in a centripetal direction. However, at lower concentrations (0.005-5 micrograms/mL), CB treatment was without an effect on the centrifugally induced GV movement in the oocyte. The present study suggests involvement of microfilaments or other cytoskeletal components, sensitive to CB, in the mechanisms of GVM and GVD in goldfish oocytes. In addition, a simple technique has been described for testing ooplasmic viscoelasticity determined by movement of the GV under a centrifugal force. AUHabibi HR; Lessman CA EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p743-51 MJCell Nucleus /UL; Cytochalasin B; Hydroxyprogesterones; Oocytes MNCell Movement /DE; Cell Nucleus /DE /PH; Goldfish; Kinetics; Meiosis /DE; Oocytes /DE /PH MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001974 TITc1(Hin): a form of the transposable element Tc1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. ABIn this paper we describe the coexistence of two forms of the transposable element Tc1 in the genome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. A copy of the variant form has been isolated from the Bergerac genome and characterized. Restriction mapping and DNA sequencing have shown that a G to T transversion generated a HindIII restriction site to form the variant Tc1(Hin). The presence of this new restriction site makes this variant easily detectable on genomic blot hybridizations. There are approximately 20 copies of Tc1(Hin) amongst the Tc1's present in the Bergerac genome. Bergerac has approximately 250 copies of Tc1 per genome, whereas Bristol has about 30. In the Bristol strain we detected at least one copy Tc1(Hin). The ratio of Tc1(Hin) to total Tc1's is similar in the genomes of Bristol and Bergerac, even though they have markedly different total numbers of Tc1. Our results suggest that a trans-acting change in either the elements or the host genome was responsible for the expansion of Tc1 copy number in the Bergerac genome. AURose AM; Harris LJ; Mawji NR; Morris WJ EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p752-6 MJCaenorhabditis; DNA Insertion Elements MNBase Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; DNA Restriction Enzymes; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Plasmids; Variation (Genetics) MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN131-48-6 (N-acetylneuraminic acid); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 7732-18-5 (Water) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001975 TIOn the interaction between 5-hydroxytryptamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid under aqueous conditions. ABA complex designated 5-HT-NeuAc was formed between 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) under aqueous conditions. Complex formation was encouraged by exposure to light (3000-3800 A; 1 A = 0.1 nm) and freeze-drying and the freeze-dried complex was isolated by gel filtration chromatography. Although stable to rechromatography on Bio-Gel P-2 if H2O was the eluent, 5-HT-NeuAc dissociated into the free components when placed in 0.1 M NaCl. Chemical analyses of the isolated complex showed that an equimolar amount of 5-HT and NeuAc was present and that all group functions were intact; these data suggested that the association between 5-HT and NeuAc was noncovalent. Spectrophotometric measurements demonstrated a small increase (approximately 12%) in extinction coefficient (275 nm) and a large increase (340- to 440-fold) in fluorescence emission (340 nm) compared with 5-HT alone. Data obtained from 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (250 MHz) of 5-HT and NeuAc standards compared closely to published reports. In comparison, measurements made with 5-HT-NeuAc showed that all 5-HT protons were slightly deshielded; of the NeuAc protons, slight deshielding of H8 and significant shielding of H3eq, H3ax, and H6 was observed. From these observations, a model describing the association between 5-HT and NeuAc is proposed. AUBerry LR; Puzzuoli FV; Hatton MW EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p757-63 MJSerotonin; Sialic Acids MNKinetics; Light; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Serotonin /RE; Sialic Acids /RE; Water MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.4.2.30 (Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase); 26656-46-2 (Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001976 TIPoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of chromatin: kinetics of relaxation and its effect on chromatin solubility. ABWe have studied the kinetics of relaxation of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated polynucleosomes produced by endogenous enzyme activity by comparing the generation of hyper(ADP-ribosyl)ated histone H1 and its effect on the chromatin structure as revealed by electron microscopy. A correlation can be established between the appearance of histone H1 modified forms and the localized relaxation of the chromatin. We have also noticed, in parallel, that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated chromatin showed increased solubility in the presence of Mg2+ and 0.2 M NaCl. Electron microscopic examination of the solubilized chromatin produced by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation shows polynucleosomes exhibiting more relaxed conformation, whereas an increasing amount of hyper(ADP-ribosyl)ated histone H1 is found in the pellet, as shown by acid-urea-polyacrylamide electrophoretic separation of histone extracts. AUFrechette A; Huletsky A; Aubin RJ; de Murcia G; Mandel P; Lord A; Grondin G; Poirier GG EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p764-73 MJChromatin; Histones /ME; Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars; Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose MNChromatin /UL; DNA /IP; Histones /IP; Kinetics; Microscopy, Electron; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Nucleosomes /ME /UL; Pancreas /ME; Rats; Solubility MTAnimal RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001977 TIThe presence of a heat-stable cytosolic factor in rat submandibular gland which activates Na+,K+-ATPase. ABA low molecular weight substance is present in the soluble fraction of the rat submandibular gland which activates Na+,K+-ATPase. Varying amounts of cytosolic protein from rat submandibular gland were added to a heavy microsomal preparation of the same tissue. A dose-dependent activation of the Na+,K+-ATPase was observed, with a peak activation of approximately 82% occurring when 9.0 micrograms/mL of cytosolic protein was included in the assay. The activating factor is heat stable and soluble following heat treatment. The factor elutes at a molecular mass of 600 daltons as determined by molecular sieve column chromatography. Ultraviolet-visible scanning of the elute material results in an absorbance at 210 nm, which is characteristic of a low molecular weight peptide. AUPon DJ; Stewart DJ; Sen AK EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p774-7 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium; Proteins /PH; Submandibular Gland MNCytosol /ME; Drug Stability; Enzyme Activation; Heat; Kinetics; Proteins /IP; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Solubility MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001983 TIHypereosinophilic syndrome in cats: a report of three cases. ABThe clinical, clinicopathological and pathological findings in three cats with hypereosinophilic syndrome are described. The cats chosen for the study had marked eosinophilia and evidence of tissue infiltration by eosinophils. Necropsies were performed on two cats, biopsy and blood samples were provided for the third cat. At necropsy, there was diffuse reddening of femoral bone marrow with ulceration and thickening of the duodenum. The livers had an enhanced lobular pattern with multiple, white, 1-3 mm nodules throughout the parenchyma. One cat had splenomegaly and the other had several enlarged, white, firm lymph nodes. Histopathologically, there was eosinophil infiltration of intestine, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, adrenal medulla and beneath the endocardium. Ultrastructurally, the eosinophils from lymph node and bone marrow of cat II were morphologically normal. The rigid criteria for eosinophilic leukemia were not fulfilled by these cases and the etiology of the eosinophilia in each case is not known. Possible pathogenic mechanisms are discussed. AUMcEwen SA; Valli VE; Hulland TJ EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p248-53 MJCat Diseases; Eosinophilia /VE MNAdrenal Medulla /PA; Bone Marrow /PA; Cats; Eosinophilia /PA; Eosinophils /CY /UL; Intestines /PA; Leukocyte Count /VE; Liver /PA; Lymph Nodes /PA; Microscopy, Electron; Spleen /PA; Syndrome /VE MTAnimal; Case Report; Female; Male RN57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001984 TIInterrelationships between ambient temperature, age at calving, postpartum reproductive events and reproductive performance in dairy cows: a path analysis. ABPath analysis was used to determine the interrelationships between ambient temperature, age at calving, postpartum reproductive events and reproductive performance in dairy cows. The data used in the analysis were collected on 226 Holstein-Friesian cows calving in a commercial dairy herd during a 17 month period (May 1, 1981 to October 1, 1982). The data were obtained from a double blind study evaluating the effects of gonadotrophin releasing hormone and cloprostenol in postpartum cows. Rectal palpation to assess uterine involution and ovarian activity was performed on each cow on days 15, 24 and 28 postpartum. At the same time, blood samples were collected for subsequent progesterone assay. Data were recorded on the occurrence of reproductive diseases and events from the time of parturition until the diagnosis of pregnancy or until the cow left the herd in the case of culled cows. There was an increase in the incidence of retained placenta, in the percentage of cows with abnormal vaginal discharge in the early postpartum period as well as a delay in uterine involution during the winter months. In addition, cows calving during the winter had prolonged intervals to first estrus, first service and conception compared to cows calving during the summer. (Cows calving during the warmest months, on average, were seen in estrus 24 days sooner, received first service 42 days sooner and conceived 27 days sooner than cows calving during the coldest months of the year).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUEtherington WG; Martin SW; Dohoo IR; Bosu WT EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p254-60 MJCattle; Reproduction MNAge Factors; Cattle Diseases; Dystocia /VE; Endometritis /VE; Estrus; Insemination; Labor Complications /VE; Models, Biological; Placenta; Pregnancy, Animal; Pregnancy; Progesterone /BL; Temperature MTAnimal; Female RN40665-92-7 (Cloprostenol); 57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001985 TIInterrelationships between postpartum events, hormonal therapy, reproductive abnormalities and reproductive performance in dairy cows: a path analysis. ABPath analysis was used to determine the interrelationships between postpartum administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone and cloprostenol and the occurrence of reproductive disease and reproductive performance in dairy cows. The data analysed were those collected on 226 Holstein-Friesian cows calving in a commercial dairy herd during a 17 month period (May 1, 1981 to October 1, 1982). Cows administered gonadotrophin releasing hormone at day 15 postpartum experienced an improved rate of uterine involution as determined by rectal palpation nine days later. Although this improved rate of uterine involution reduced the risk of pyometritis, it actually directly delayed conception. Also, gonadotrophin releasing hormone therapy directly resulted in an increased incidence of pyometritis which in turn resulted in an increase incidence of cystic ovarian disease and anestrus. The occurrence of these abnormalities resulted in increased intervals from calving to first observed estrus, first service and conception. In addition to this effect, the administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone was also associated with increased plasma progesterone concentrations at days 24 and 28 postpartum which delayed conception. Cloprostenol therapy at day 24 postpartum resulted in a decreased plasma progesterone concentration at day 28 postpartum which was directly and indirectly associated with a decrease in the calving to conception interval. The indirect effects were mediated by a reduction in days to first estrus. Cloprostenol therapy also directly resulted in a decreased calving to first observed estrus interval for reasons not attributable to the level of progesterone at day 28. AUEtherington WG; Martin SW; Dohoo IR; Bosu WT EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p261-7 MJCattle; Reproduction MNAnestrus; Cattle Diseases; Cloprostenol /PD; Endometritis /VE; Estrus; Insemination; Models, Biological; Ovarian Cysts /VE; Pituitary Hormone Releasing Hormones /PD; Pregnancy, Animal; Pregnancy; Progesterone /BL; Puerperal Disorders /VE; Reproduction /DE; Suppuration /VE MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001986 TISalmonellae and salmonellosis in captive reptiles. ABIn a survey of 150 pet reptiles submitted for necropsy, 51% of snakes, 48% of lizards and 7% of turtles were infected with Salmonella. About one third of the positive animals had died due to various manifestations of salmonellosis. Thirty-one Salmonella serotypes were identified including three isolates new to Canada. The public health implications are discussed in view of the restricted popularity of reptiles and their possible infection from domestic agricultural products. AUOnderka DK; Finlayson MC EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p268-70 MJLizards; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella; Snakes; Turtles MNAnimals, Domestic; Endocarditis, Bacterial /VE; Enteritis /VE; Serotyping; Species Specificity MTAnimal RN50-33-9 (Phenylbutazone); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 7771-44-0 (arachidonic acid); 9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001987 TIThe effect of oral phenylbutazone on whole blood platelet aggregation in the dog. ABPlatelet aggregation to collagen, arachidonic acid and adenosine diphosphate was evaluated in six dogs using a whole blood electronic aggregometer. The six dogs were then given phenylbutazone orally according to four different dosage levels and durations of treatment. Aggregation responses were measured at established intervals of time following phenylbutazone administration. Data on untreated dogs indicated that arachidonic acid, at a final concentration of 50 micrograms/mL and collagen, at a final concentration of 5 micrograms/mL, were useful agents for studying whole blood platelet aggregation in the dog, but adenosine diphosphate, at a final concentration of 30 microM was not. The high single dose (900 mg) of phenylbutazone significantly inhibited platelet aggregation to arachidonic acid at 1.5,4,7 and 12 hours following administration. The results indicated that the whole blood electronic aggregometer was of limited value in detecting subtle changes in platelet aggregation. It was concluded, however, that the instrument is potentially useful as a rapid screening aid for detecting canine patients at high risk of platelet-related bleeding problems. AUJackson ML; Searcy GP; Olexson DW EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p271-7 MJDogs; Phenylbutazone /PD; Platelet Aggregation MNAdenosine Diphosphate /PD; Administration, Oral; Arachidonic Acids /PD; Blood Platelets /DE; Collagen /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Phenylbutazone /AD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (wheat bran) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001988 TIThe effect of dietary fibre on feed intake and growth in beagle puppies. ABWe studied the growth, feed intake, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of groups of female Beagle puppies fed 16% or 22% crude protein rations to which 6% or 12% wheat bean was added at the expense of the total diet. The final neutral detergent fibre concentrations were 12%, 16%, 22% and 23% (dry matter basis). The addition of wheat bran to puppy rations, bringing the neutral detergent fibre up to 16% in a 21% crude protein diet had no deleterious effects on feed intake, feed and protein efficiency or growth in Beagle puppies. Over a sufficiently long period of time, the growth of this group did not differ from that of the controls (12% neutral detergent fibre, 23% crude protein) although it was higher at intermediate times. The effects of the high fibre (22 or 23% neutral detergent fibre) diets on growth, feed intake feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio are consistent with an energy deficit resulting from the animals' inability to adapt fully to the dilution of their rations leading to lower growth, less efficient use of feed and, in the case of group 3 (22% crude protein, 22% neutral detergent fibre), a lower protein efficiency ratio. The protein efficiency ratio of group 4 (16% crude protein, 23% neutral detergent fibre) was higher than that of group 3, most likely the result of a more limiting amount of dietary protein leading to a more efficient use for growth by the animal. We have concluded that intermediate levels of neutral detergent fibre (up to 16%) were not deleterious even in puppy rations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUDelorme CB; Barrette D; Mongeau R; Lariviere N EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p278-85 MJDietary Fiber /PD; Dogs; Eating MNBody Weight /DE; Dietary Fiber /AD; Dietary Proteins /PD; Energy Metabolism MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7439-89-6 (Iron); 7440-50-8 (Copper); 9007-74-3 (Fetal Hemoglobin) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001989 TISerum iron, total iron binding capacity, plasma copper and hemoglobin types in anemic and poikilocytic calves. ABNinety-eight calves were studied to determine if anemia and poikilocytosis were related to iron or copper status or hemoglobin type. No significant differences were found in serum iron, total iron binding capacity, marrow iron, plasma copper or hemoglobin type between affected and normal calves. Poikilocytes were strongly inversely correlated (-0.9177) with age. Calves less than six weeks of age had more poikilocytes, lower serum iron, higher total iron binding capacity, less adult hemoglobin and more neonatal and fetal hemoglobin than calves greater than six weeks of age. AUMcGillivray SR; Searcy GP; Hirsch VM EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p286-90 MJAnemia /VE; Cattle Diseases; Copper; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Hematologic Diseases /VE; Hemoglobins; Iron MNAnemia /BL; Cattle; Fetal Hemoglobin /AN; Hematologic Diseases /BL; Iron /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN8006-64-2 (Turpentine) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001990 TISequential morphological and quantitative changes in blood and bone marrow neutrophils in dogs with acute inflammation. ABBlood and bone marrow morphology were studied sequentially in dogs during experimental inflammation induced by intramuscular injection of turpentine. Depletion of the bone marrow storage pool of mature neutrophils and an increase in mitotic activity and number of early granulocyte precursors were evident within 24 hours. During the next three days, intense granulocytic hyperplasia resulted in replenishment of the bone marrow storage pool. Neutrophils with foamy vacuolation and increased basophilia of the cytoplasm (toxic neutrophils) were present in the blood by eight hours postinjection. The number of toxic neutrophils paralleled the intensity of clinical signs and changes in rectal temperature but not the number of band neutrophils. This indicates that changes in number of toxic neutrophils in sequential leukograms can be a prognostic indicator in dogs with severe inflammation. AUGossett KA; MacWilliams PS; Cleghorn B EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p291-7 MJBone Marrow; Dog Diseases; Myelitis /VE; Neutrophils /UL MNAcute Disease; Body Temperature; Dogs; Injections, Intramuscular /VE; Leukocyte Count /VE; Myelitis /PA; Neutrophils /CY; Time Factors; Turpentine /AD /AE; Vacuoles /UL MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001991 TIA ╥dipstick╙ enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibody to Brucella abortus in cattle sera. ABAn enzyme immunoassay that utilizes antigen bound to a matrix which can be removed from the substrate to stop development is described. The assay which is performed in glass or plastic disposable tubes uses Gel-Bond film strips for attachment of antigen. The only equipment requirements are a rotary shaker and a spectrophotometer (optional). The antigen coated strips are passed through a series of tubes containing test serum, wash solution, antibody-enzyme conjugate, wash solution and substrate-chromogen taking about 45 minutes to perform. In testing sera with or without antibody to Brucella abortus a very high correlation existed between same day tests and tests performed over several days as well as with data on the same sera obtained by an enzyme immunoassay in a microtiter format. AUNielsen K; Ballinger R; Stiller J; Rosenbaum B EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p298-302 MJAntibodies, Bacterial; Brucella Abortus; Brucellosis, Bovine MNCattle; Chromatography, Affinity; Immunoenzyme Technics /IS; Lipopolysaccharides /IM MTAnimal IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001992 TIExperimental inoculation of cats with human coronavirus 229E and subsequent challenge with feline infectious peritonitis virus. ABMinimal-disease cats exposed to live human coronavirus 229E developed homologous antibody responses that suggested little or no replication of the virus in inoculated animals. Oronasal and subcutaneous inoculation of coronavirus 229E did not elicit an antibody response by heterologous (transmissible gastroenteritis virus, canine coronavirus) neutralization or by heterologous (transmissible gastroenteritis virus) kinetics-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No clinical signs attributable to coronavirus 229E were seen in inoculated cats. Although the number of animals in each of the five experimental groups was small (n = 2), antibodies produced in response to the virus did not appear to sensitize cats to subsequent feline infectious peritonitis virus challenge, but neither did they cross-protect cats against the challenge dose. AUBarlough JE; Johnson-Lussenburg CM; Stoddart CA; Jacobson RH; Scott FW EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p303-7 MJAntibodies, Viral; Cat Diseases; Cats; Coronaviridae; Coronavirus Infections /VE; Peritonitis /VE MNAntibody Specificity; Coronavirus Infections /IM; Cross Reactions; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Neutralization Tests; Peritonitis /IM MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7439-96-5 (Manganese); 7440-50-8 (Copper); 7440-66-6 (Zinc); 7782-49-2 (Selenium) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001993 TIThe concentrations of copper, zinc, manganese and selenium in the hair of newborn piglets and their dams. ABInstrumental neutron activation analysis was employed to determine the levels of certain trace elements in the hair of newborn piglets and their dams. The mean concentrations (mumoles/mg) of copper, zinc, manganese and selenium in the neonatal piglet hair samples were 222 +/- 55, 4940 +/- 1728, 12.7 +/- 17.1 and 8.9 +/- 5.5, respectively, and in sow hair samples the mean concentrations (mumoles/mg) were 156 +/- 22, 5124 +/- 1927, 31.7 +/- 22.2 and 6.5 +/- 3.7, respectively. The mean copper level was higher (p less than 0.05) in piglet hair compared with sow hair. However the mean concentration of manganese was lower (p less than 0.05) in piglet hair. There was no relationship between the trace mineral levels found in the piglets' hair and the dams' hair. The levels of copper, zinc, manganese and selenium found in piglet hair were shown to be unrelated to the piglet body weight. The feasibility of using porcine hair as a practical biopsy material for trace element analysis is discussed. AUFriendship RM; Wilson MR; Gibson RS EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p308-10 MJAnimals, Newborn; Copper; Hair; Manganese; Selenium; Swine; Zinc MNNeutron Activation Analysis; Regression Analysis MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.11.1.9 (Glutathione Peroxidase) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001994 TIPiglet blood glutathione peroxidase levels and preweaning mortality. ABThe blood glutathione peroxidase levels of one day old piglets from 22 litters were examined. Body weight and piglet survival were monitored in order to assess the relationship between these two factors and blood glutathione peroxidase activity. The mean blood glutathione peroxidase level of one day old piglets (65 mu/gHb) was significantly lower (p0.001) than the mean level (85 mu/gHb) at weaning. The mean blood glutathione peroxidase activity of one day old piglets was not related to the size of the litter, but was related (p less than 0.1) to the mean litter blood glutathione peroxidase level at weaning time. Piglet blood glutathione peroxidase was not related to piglet body weight. The blood glutathione peroxidase level of the sows at one-day post-farrowing was not related to the mean blood glutathione peroxidase activity of their litters at one day of age but was correlated (p less than 0.1) with the mean blood glutathione peroxidase levels of their litters at weaning. Piglet viability was shown to be strongly correlated (p less than 0.001) with body weight at one day of age. The blood glutathione peroxidase level of one day old piglets was weakly associated (p less than 0.1) with piglet survival. Further work is required to clarify this latter observation, which suggests that selenium supplementation to newborn piglets may be beneficial regardless of the dams nutritional status. AUFriendship RM; Wilson MR EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p311-4 MJGlutathione Peroxidase; Swine MNAnimals, Newborn; Animals, Suckling; Body Weight; Mortality; Weaning MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN54648-10-1 (acetyldeoxynivalenol) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001995 TIPathology of acute 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol toxicity in mice. ABMice were killed 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours after intragastrical administration of 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg body weight of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol. The animals became clinically ill after 12 hours and some animals in the highest dose group died. Histological examination of duodenal crypts, thymus and spleen revealed, in all dose groups, presence of the characteristic lesions that are known to be produced by trichothecenes, but the intensity of lesions in the 40 mg group corresponded to lesions known to be caused by 4 mg/kg of T-2 toxin. A rabbit skin bioassay with 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol gave negative results on one occasion and a mild reaction to 100 to 500 micrograms/mL on another. It is concluded that 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol is considerably less toxic than T-2 toxin, but causes acute effects in the dividing cells of the body in a manner characteristic of trichothecenes. AUSchiefer HB; Nicholson S; Kasali OB; Hancock DS; Greenhalgh R EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p315-8 MJDuodenum; Sesquiterpenes; Spleen; Thymus Gland; Trichothecenes /PO MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Necrosis; Time Factors; Trichothecenes /AD MTAnimal; Male RN54648-10-1 (acetyldeoxynivalenol) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001996 TISubacute toxicity of dietary 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol in mice. AB3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol was incorporated into a semisynthetic diet at levels of 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 ppm and fed to mice for up to 48 days. Body weights and feed consumption were determined, and blood samples for hematological evaluation were taken. Selected tissues were examined microscopically and the humoral immune response was assessed using the Jerne plaque assay. 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol caused a dose-related depressed feed consumption within the first seven days and reduced body weight until day 14 when fed at levels up to 10 ppm. When fed at a level of 20 ppm, an initial depression in body weight gain and a general malaise were followed by a return to normal. At necropsy, no macroscopic or microscopic lesions could be found. The immune response was not significantly affected after seven or 14 days, but at 21 days, a dose-dependent enhanced response was observed. The findings indicate that, after an initial period of reduced feed intake, animals are apparently able to overcome the toxic effects of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol. AUKasali OB; Schiefer HB; Hancock DS; Blakley BR; Tomar RS; Greenhalgh R EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p319-22 MJAnimal Feed; Food Contamination; Sesquiterpenes; Trichothecenes /TO MNAntibody-Producing Cells /DE; Body Weight /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eating /DE; Hemolytic Plaque Technic; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Organ Weight /DE; Spleen /IM; Trichothecenes /AD MTAnimal; Male IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001997 TITracheal versus pulmonary deposition and clearance of inhaled Pasteurella haemolytica or Staphylococcus aureus in mice. ABThe aim of this investigation was to do a comparative study on the deposition and clearance of inhaled bacteria between the lungs and tracheae of mice exposed to aerosols of bacteria. Two hundred and eighty-eight mice were divided into four groups (n = 72) and exposed to aerosols of Pasteurella haemolytica or Staphylococcus aureus in four replicates. The numbers of bacteria were determined in the trachea and lungs of mice sacrificed 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours postexposure. Results indicated that bacterial deposition was greater in lungs than in tracheae. No significant (p greater than 0.05) difference was observed between P. haemolytica and S. aureus clearance rates. Although bacteria were rapidly eliminated from the whole respiratory tract, bacterial clearance was significantly (p less than 0.002) faster in tracheae than lungs. A significant (p less than 0.05) replicate effect was also observed. AURodriguez LM ; Lopez A ; Merino-Moncada M; Martinez-Burnes J ; Mondragon I EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p323-6 MJAir Microbiology; Lung; Pasteurella; Staphylococcus aureus; Trachea MNAerosols; Mice; Time Factors MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001998 TIPulmonary recruitment of neutrophils and bacterial clearance in mice inoculated with aerosols of Pasteurella haemolytica or Staphylococcus aureus. ABPulmonary alveolar macrophages are considered to be the main phagocytic cell of the pulmonary defense mechanism. However recent studies indicate that neutrophils may also participate in the defense against inhaled bacteria. The aim of this investigation was to study in mice the correlation between numbers of phagocytic cells in the bronchoalveolar space and the pulmonary clearance of bacteria. White mice were exposed to aerosols of Pasteurella haemolytica (n = 129) or Staphylococcus aureus (n = 129) in three different experimental replicates. Another group of mice (n = 22) was sham exposed to an aerosol of sterile phosphate buffered solution in a single replicate. Animals were sacrificed at various times postaerosolization. The numbers of neutrophils and alveolar macrophages in lung lavages and the pulmonary bacterial clearance rates were determined and statistically analysed. No significant differences (p greater than 0.05) were observed in the rates of pulmonary clearance between the two genera of bacteria, but P. haemolytica had a significant (p less than 0.05) replicate effect. The number of alveolar macrophages was not significantly affected by either bacteria or phosphate buffered solution. Exposure to P. haemolytica resulted in dramatic, significant (p less than 0.01) but transient increases in neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar space as well as a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in the weights of lung. The correlation between neutrophils and clearance was positive for P. haemolytica but negative for S. aureus. These results indicate that both species of bacteria are rapidly eliminated from the lung despite a rather different cellular response. AUMartinez-Burnes J ; Lopez A ; Merino-Moncada M; Ochoa-Galvan P ; Mondragon I EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p327-32 MJAir Microbiology; Lung; Neutrophils; Pasteurella; Pulmonary Alveoli; Staphylococcus aureus MNAerosols; Cell Count; Irrigation; Macrophages /CY; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Species Specificity; Time Factors MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN25126-76-5 (5-Androstane-3,17-diol); 521-18-6 (Stanolone); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride); 8008-74-0 (Sesame Oil); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001999 TIThe effects of androgens and gonadotropins on testicular development in the prepubertal rat. ABTreatment of male rat pups from five to 34 days of age with dihydrotestosterone or 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, resulted in reduced testicular size at 35 days of age. This appeared to be due to decreased tubular diameters and reduced spermatocyte numbers, especially late pachytene cells in stages X to XIII. In rat pups treated with dihydrotestosterone or 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, treatment with luteinizing hormone resulted in some restoration of tubular diameter and spermatocyte numbers. In 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol treated rat pups partial restoration of testes size resulted from follicle-stimulating hormone treatment, but tubular diameter and spermatocyte numbers were depressed. Single serum samples collected at 35 days of age were analysed for luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations. These data indicated that the effects of administered androgens were due primarily to depression of circulating gonadotropin concentrations but a direct inhibition at the level of the testis could not be ruled out. AUKennedy RI; Rawlings NC; Murphy BD EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p333-6 MJ5-Androstane-3,17-diol; Androstanols; FSH /PD; LH /PD; Rats; Sex Maturation; Stanolone; Testis MNFSH /BL; LH /BL; Organ Weight /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sesame Oil /PD; Sodium Chloride /PD; Spermatogenesis /DE; Testis /GD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN144-48-9 (Iodoacetamide); 63-42-3 (Lactose); 68608-58-2 (whey) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86002000 TICleavage of bovine immunoglobulin G1 in whey by an extracellular material from Brucella abortus. ABCulture extracts of in vitro grown Brucella abortus were demonstrated to cleave a part of the Fc portion of bovine immunoglobulin G1 in whey but not in serum or as a purified protein from serum. Supernates from Strains 19 and 2308 of B. abortus were both capable of this hydrolysis whereas living cells were not. The cleavage process was independent of antibody activity to B. abortus, appeared to require factor(s) found only in some whey samples and was ineffective with the other bovine immunoglobulins. AUNielsen K EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p337-9 MJBrucella Abortus; IgG; Lactose MNCattle; Gel Diffusion Tests; Heat; Hydrolysis; Immunoelectrophoresis; Immunoglobulin Fragments /AN; Iodoacetamide /PD; Molecular Weight; Protein Denaturation MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86002001 TINatural transmission of bovine leukemia virus in dairy calves by dehorning. ABGouge dehorning was evaluated as a mode of transmitting bovine leukemia virus in Holstein calves at a commercial dairy. Significantly (p less than 0.05) more calves dehorned by the gouge method developed antibodies to bovine leukemia virus, as measured by agar-gel immunodiffusion, three months after dehorning, than calves not dehorned. The field use of a blood-contaminated dehorning device resulted in transmission of bovine leukemia virus. AUDiGiacomo RF; Darlington RL; Evermann JF EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p340-2 MJAntibodies, Viral; Bovine Leukemia Virus; Cattle Diseases; Horns; Leukemia /VE; Retroviridae MNCattle; Cautery /VE; Gel Diffusion Tests /VE; Leukemia /TM; Surgery, Veterinary /MT MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86002002 TIParvovirus-like particles associated with diarrhea in unweaned piglets. ABNumerous parvovirus-like particles, 18 to 26 nm in diameter, were detected by electron microscopy in the intestinal contents of two to three week old piglets with mild to severe diarrhea, in six Quebec pig herds. Hemagglutination of guinea pig and African green monkey red blood cells was obtained with clarified intestinal contents. Two isolates were found to be antigenically related to porcine and canine parvoviruses, while another differed from the porcine parvovirus using the hemagglutination-inhibition test. Three isolates could be cultivated in cell cultures as demonstrated by the development of a cytopathic effect, hemagglutination activity, immunofluorescence and identification of the virions in the cell culture fluids by electron microscopy. The possibility of a primary etiological role for these parvoviruses in diarrhea of unweaned piglets is discussed. AUDea S; Elazhary MA; Martineau GP; Vaillancourt J EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p343-5 MJDiarrhea /VE; Disease Outbreaks; Swine Diseases MNAnimals, Suckling; Antigenic Determinants; Diarrhea /MI; Feces /MI; Microscopy, Electron; Parvoviridae /IM /IP /UL; Swine MTAnimal RN57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86002003 TIThe sensitivity and specificity of postbreeding plasma progesterone levels as a pregnancy test for dairy cows. ABPlasma progesterone levels on day 4 and day 8 postbreeding were measured for one hundred and eighty-four dairy cows. These two parameters (PPD4, PPD8), their absolute difference (PPDIFF) and their ratio (PPRATIO) were assessed for their ability to identify cows not conceiving, using the principles of sensitivity and specificity. PPD4 was significantly higher (p less than 0.10) and PPD8, PPDIFF and PPRATIO were significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in cows remaining open than in pregnant cows. Evaluating each parameter separately, PPDIFF greater than 3.00 units had the highest specificity, 85.7%, but a low sensitivity (27.0%). Combining two parameters using series interpretation to increase specificity resulted in the best combination of specificity (87%) and sensitivity (27%). Maximum specificity was 97% for PPD4 less than or equal to 1.00 units and PPD8 greater than 4.00 units, and also for PPD4 less than or equal to 1.00 units and PPDIFF greater than 3.00 units, but sensitivity was very low (7% and 10% respectively). Predictive values of the test results with the best specificity were evaluated; given the population pregnancy rate of 54%, none exceeded 50%, indicating that the plasma progesterone parameters were not very useful for identifying open dairy cows. AUMontgomery ME; Leslie KE; Martin SW EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p346-9 MJCattle; Insemination; Pregnancy Tests; Pregnancy, Animal; Progesterone MNAnalysis of Variance; Pregnancy; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female IS0008-4182 LAEnglish JCCJJ SBM UI86002004 TIThe practical work-up of the uveitis patient. AUColes RS EM8601 SOCan J Ophthalmol (Canada), Aug 1985, 20(5) p166-70 MJUveitis MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Antinuclear Factors /AN; Aqueous Humor /AN; Immunologic Technics; Middle Age; Skin Tests; Toxocariasis /DI; Toxoplasmosis /DI; Uveitis /ET; Vitreous Body /AN MTFemale; Human; Male RN56391-56-1 (Netilmicin) IS0008-4182 LAEnglish JCCJJ SBM UI86002005 TIIntraocular penetration of netilmicin. ABThe intraocular penetration of the aminoglycoside netilmicin following intramuscular and subconjunctival injection was studied in 102 patients undergoing elective cataract surgery. Those who received either a single 1.5-mg/kg intramuscular injection or two 1.5-mg/kg injections 6 hours apart subsequently had therapeutic serum levels but aqueous levels of less than 2.4 micrograms/mL. Those who received a subconjunctival injection of either 12.5 or 25 mg of netilmicin subsequently had aqueous levels of up to 36 or 85.6 micrograms/mL; therapeutic levels in the anterior chamber persisted for 7 to 9 hours, with higher levels following the 25-mg injection. Despite wide variation in the aqueous levels following subconjunctival injection the ocular penetration of netilmicin was comparable to that reported for other aminoglycosides. No major complications were associated with the use of this antibiotic by either route. AUOrr WM; Jackson WB; Colden K EM8601 SOCan J Ophthalmol (Canada), Aug 1985, 20(5) p171-5 MJAqueous Humor; Netilmicin /ME MNAqueous Humor /ME; Conjunctiva; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections; Netilmicin /AD /BL; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Human IS0008-4182 LAEnglish JCCJJ SBM UI86002006 TIOcular and oculodermal melanocytosis. ABThirty-three cases of ocular (27) or oculodermal (6) melanocytosis were reviewed to determine the ocular structures involved by the melanocytic hyperpigmentation. The hyperpigmentation was clinically documented to involve all quadrants of the eye in the majority of the subjects; however, nine persons had sectorial involvement. The choroid and episclera were involved diffusely or sectorially in all the subjects, and the anterior chamber angle and iris were involved in most cases. The conjunctiva, lens and optic disc were less frequently involved. Ten persons had a uveal malignant melanoma in the hyperpigmented eye, and in three of the cases the melanoma had arisen in the hyperpigmented sector. Melanocytic involvement of the trabecular meshwork was not clinically correlated with elevated intraocular pressure. AUGonder JR; Nichol J; Augsburger JJ; Shields JA EM8601 SOCan J Ophthalmol (Canada), Aug 1985, 20(5) p176-8 MJEye Diseases; Melanocytes; Pigmentation Disorders; Skin Diseases MNEye Diseases /PA; Eye /PA; Melanoma /CO; Pigmentation Disorders /PA; Skin Diseases /PA; Uveal Neoplasms /CO MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0008-4182 LAEnglish JCCJJ SBM UI86002007 TIElectron microscopic study of toxicity of intravitreal injections of gentamicin in primates. ABSeven eyes of four young adult cynomolgus monkeys were injected intravitreally with 0.4 mg of gentamicin. One eye was enucleated after 1 day, and two eyes were enucleated after 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month. The control eye received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 mL of saline and was enucleated after 1 week. All the eyes underwent electroretinography and ophthalmoscopy before and after treatment. No differences were detected by these techniques or by light and electron microscopy between the experimental eyes and the control. AULing CH; Peyman GA; Raichand M EM8601 ID1P3EY01792 SOCan J Ophthalmol (Canada), Aug 1985, 20(5) p179-83 MJGentamicins; Vitreous Body MNElectroretinography; Injections; Macaca fascicularis; Microscopy, Electron; Sodium Chloride /PD; Vitreous Body /UL MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0008-4182 LAEnglish JCCJJ SBM UI86002008 TIPhthisis bulbi after intraocular lens implantation in a child. ABA 4-year-old boy with trisomy 21 and a congenital cataract underwent cataract extraction and implantation of an iris-supported intraocular lens (IOL). Four years later the implant dislocated anteriorly and had to be removed. Now, 11 years postoperatively, the eye is blind, painful and shrunken. IOL implantation in infants and children is theoretically justified to preserve vision, reduce amblyopia and preserve fusion. The use of modern posterior chamber IOLs, especially when implanted in the lens capsular bag (if technically feasible), could reduce the risk of complications. However, until further data are accumulated, a conservative approach is warranted. AUGieser SC; Apple DJ; Loftfield K; Richey MA; Rivera RP EM8601 SOCan J Ophthalmol (Canada), Aug 1985, 20(5) p184-5 MJBlindness; Eye Diseases; Lenses, Intraocular; Postoperative Complications MNCataract Extraction; Cataract /CN /CO; Child, Preschool; Mental Retardation /CO; Nystagmus /CO MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4182 LAEnglish JCCJJ SBM UI86002009 TIPreventing vascularization of full-thickness corneal grafts with a barrier of Descemet's membrane [letter] AUBasu PK; Liu GS EM8601 SOCan J Ophthalmol (Canada), Aug 1985, 20(5) p199 MJCornea /TR; Descemet's Membrane; Neovascularization MNCornea /BS; Methods; Rabbits MTAnimal RN50-21-5 (lactic acid); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 67-07-2 (Phosphocreatine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002010 TIThe effect of acid-base balance on fatigue of skeletal muscle. ABH+ ions are generated rapidly when muscles are maximally activated. This results in an intracellular proton load. Typical proton loads in active muscles reach a level of 20-25 mumol X g-1, resulting in a fall in intracellular pH of 0.3-0.5 units in mammalian muscle and 0.6-0.8 units in frog muscle. In isolated frog muscles stimulated to fatigue a proton load of this magnitude is developed, and at the same time maximum isometric force is suppressed by 70-80%. Proton loss is slowed when external pH is kept low. This is paralleled by a slow recovery of contractile tension and seems to support the idea that suppression results from intracellular acidosis. Nonfatigued muscles subjected to similar intracellular proton loads by high CO2 levels show a suppression of maximal tension by only about 30%. This indicates that only a part of the suppression during fatigue is normally due to the direct effect of intracellular acidosis. Further evidence for a component of fatigue that is not due to intracellular acidosis is provided by the fact that some muscle preparations (rat diaphragm) can be fatigued with very little lactate accumulation and very low proton loads. Even under these conditions, a low external pH (6.2) can slow recovery of tension development 10-fold compared with normal pH (7.4). We must conclude that there are at least two components to fatigue. One, due to a direct effect of intracellular acidosis, acting directly on the myofibrils, accounts for a part of the suppression of contractile force. A second, which in many cases may be the major component, is not dependent on intracellular acidosis. This component seems to be due to a change of state in one or more of the steps of the excitation-contraction coupling process. Reversal of this state is sensitive to external pH which suggests that this component is accessible from the outside of the cell. AUMainwood GW; Renaud JM EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p403-16 MJAcid-Base Equilibrium; Muscles MNAdenosine Triphosphate /ME; Bicarbonates /PD; Energy Metabolism; Glycolysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates /ME; Mitochondria, Muscle /ME; Muscle Contraction; Muscles /PH; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Phosphocreatine /ME; Propionates /PD; Protons; Time Factors MCReview MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.14.- (Steroid Hydroxylases); EC 1.14.99.- (25-hydroxycholecalciferol-24-hydroxylase); EC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase); 14930-96-2 (Cytochalasin B); 19356-17-3 (Calcifediol); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 60-81-1 (Phlorhizin); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 97-30-3 (alpha-methylglucoside) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002011 TISugar uptake into a primary culture of dog kidney proximal tubular cells. ABWe describe the functional characteristics of a new primary culture system derived from a suspension of dog proximal tubular cells. The culture system is maintained on alpha minimal essential medium with 15% fetal calf serum supplementation. At confluency the cultured cells demonstrate the following: (i) typical epithelial morphology using light microscopy, with multiple dome formation inhibited by ouabain; (ii) strong binding with a polyclonal antibody directed against dog proximal tubular brush border membrane antigens; (iii) high concentration of alkaline phosphatase activity by histochemical staining; and (iv) 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3)-24-hydroxylase activity. Sugar transport was assessed using alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside (alpha MG), a nonmetabolizable analog of D-glucose, as well as L-glucose, and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3OMG). The transport of alpha MG was stereospecific; temperature sensitive; inhibited strongly by phlorizin but not by cytochalasin B, phloretin, or 3OMG; and Na dependent. The transport of 3OMG is stereospecific, temperature sensitive, and inhibited strongly by phloretin and cytochalasin B, but not by phlorizin. Despite the apparent heterogeneity of cell type, this primary culture system exhibits many features of normal dog proximal tubule function. AUYau C; Rao L; Silverman M EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p417-26 MJCarbohydrates; Kidney Tubules, Proximal MNAlkaline Phosphatase /ME; Calcifediol /ME; Cells, Cultured; Cytochalasin B /PD; Dogs; Glucose /ME; Histocytochemistry; Methylglucosides /DU; Phlorhizin /PD; Sodium /PH; Steroid Hydroxylases /ME MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-81-7 (Ascorbic Acid) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002012 TIThe conditioning effect of large doses of ascorbic acid in guinea pigs. ABThe influence of prolonged exposure of guinea pigs to excessive ascorbic acid (AA) on the outcome of pregnancy, as well as the adaptive effect of the vitamin either during preweanling life or following weaning, were examined. Continuous exposure to AA (1 mg/mL drinking water) from the time they were first mated up to the time of second pregnancy, had no significant effect on the number of offspring and on their weights at birth, when compared with that of the animals receiving 0.1 mg AA/mL drinking water. However, change in AA intake from 1 to 0.1 mg/mL drinking water, at the age of 21 days, resulted in a significant loss in body weight and reductions in the plasma, leukocyte, and adrenal concentrations of AA, as compared with those of the pair-fed animals receiving 0.1 mg/mL drinking water throughout. The present study also indicated that the conditioning effect is less pronounced in guinea pigs when exposed to the high AA following weanling age than in utero. AUBasu TK EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p427-30 MJAscorbic Acid /PD MNAdrenal Glands /ME; Ascorbic Acid /AD /BL /ME; Birth Weight /DE; Body Weight /DE; Growth /DE; Guinea Pigs; Leukocytes /ME; Pregnancy; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome /ET MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.6.1.1 (Aspartate Aminotransferase); EC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Aminotransferase); 103-90-2 (Acetaminophen); 3599-32-4 (Indocyanine Green); 616-91-1 (Acetylcysteine); 70-18-8 (Glutathione) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002013 TIPostabsorption antidotal effects of N-acetylcysteine on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in the mouse. ABMale Swiss Webster mice, treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 500 mg/kg po) 1 h following acetaminophen (NAPA, 350 mg/kg po) administration, had control levels of transaminases indicating that NAC protects against NAPA-induced hepatotoxicity by postabsorption antidotal mechanism(s). Hepatic congestion induced by NAPA was reduced by NAC. Significantly higher elimination rate constants (K) for indocyanine green (500 micrograms/kg, iv) in mice treated with NAPA and NAC (K = 0.676 +/- 0.062) than in animals receiving NAPA alone (0.341 +/- 0.105) suggested NAC improved or preserved the hepatic circulation of the compromised liver. This NAC-induced improvement and (or) preservation of hepatic circulation was reflected in biliary and urinary excretion of acetaminophen and its metabolites by a general increase in elimination during the first 6 h (70.2 +/- 2.6 vs. 32.6 +/- 7.1%), and in the repletion of glutathione (GSH) in the liver by a return to control levels more quickly (3 vs. greater than 5 h) following depletion by NAPA. The metabolic consequences of the postabsorption antidotal effect of NAC in the compromised liver was a preferential excretion of sulphydryl-derived metabolites in the 1-4 h bile (GSH conjugate 11.30 +/- 1.25 vs. 7.25 +/- 0.39%) which was subsequently observed in the urine by preferential excretion of glutathione degradation products. AUWhitehouse LW; Wong LT; Paul CJ; Pakuts A; Solomonraj G EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p431-7 MJAcetaminophen /TO; Acetylcysteine; Hepatitis, Toxic MNAcetaminophen /AI /UR; Alanine Aminotransferase /BL; Aspartate Aminotransferase /BL; Bile /ME; Body Weight /DE; Glutathione /ME; Indocyanine Green /DU; Liver Function Tests; Liver /ME; Mice; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male RNEC 1.2.1.3 (Aldehyde Dehydrogenase); 13183-79-4 (1-N-methyl-5-thiotetrazole); 420-04-2 (Cyanamide); 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl); 75-07-0 (Acetaldehyde); 97-77-8 (Disulfiram) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002014 TIA comparative study of the inhibition of hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenases in the rat by methyltetrazolethiol, calcium carbimide, and disulfiram. ABMethyltetrazolethiol (1-methyl-5-mercapto-1,2,3,4-tetrazole, MTT) is a heterocyclic substituent of the cephalosporin antibiotics, cefamandole, cefoperazone, and moxalactam. Pretreatment of rats with MTT has been reported to increase blood acetaldehyde concentration after ethanol administration. The time course of MTT-induced inhibition of hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) was determined in adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats in comparison with the hepatic ALDH inhibition induced by calcium carbimide (calcium cyanamide, CC) and disulfiram (D). The apparent onset of maximal inhibition of hepatic low Km ALDH occurred at 2 h for 50 mg/kg MTT (subcutaneous, s.c.) and 7 mg/kg CC (oral) and at 24 h for 300 mg/kg D (oral). The relative magnitude of maximal inhibition of low Km ALDH was CC greater than D greater than MTT. The relative duration of enzyme inhibition was D greater than MTT greater than CC. High Km ALDH was only inhibited by CC. Hepatic low Km ALDH was selectively inhibited by s.c. and oral administration of 125 mg/kg MTT. For s.c. administration of 125 mg/kg MTT, the magnitude of maximal enzyme inhibition and the duration of inhibition were greater than for the 50 mg/kg dose. Oral administration of 125 mg/kg MTT produced similar inhibition of hepatic low Km ALDH compared with s.c. administration of the same dose. The time course of blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations was determined for the intravenous infusion of two 0.3-g/kg doses of ethanol to rats that were pretreated orally with saline (1 h), MTT (125 mg/kg, 2 h), or CC (7 mg/kg, 1 h). The relative increase in blood acetaldehyde concentration compared with saline pretreatment was CC greater than MTT. The elimination of ethanol from blood was slower in the MTT- and CC-pretreated animals, and this effect was more pronounced for CC pretreatment. Overall, the data demonstrate that the characteristics of hepatic ALDH inhibition for MTT are different from those of the known ALDH inhibitors, CC and D. AUBrien JF; Tam GS; Cameron RJ; Steenaart NA; Loomis CW EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p438-43 MJAldehyde Dehydrogenase; Azoles; Cyanamide; Cyanides; Disulfiram; Liver; Tetrazoles MNAcetaldehyde /BL; Alcohol, Ethyl /BL /PD; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.6. (Sulfatases); EC 3.2.1.31 (Glucuronidase); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002018 TIThe effect of growth hormone on biogenic amines in the hepatic portal circulation of the dog. ABThe effects of a spike concentration of growth hormone (GH) on hepatic portal and peripheral levels of free serotonin and catecholamines were studied by improved radioenzymatic methods in trained, conscious, normal, adult dogs fitted with an indwelling portal catheter. An injection of ovine GH (6 or 100 micrograms/kg) into a cephalic vein produced in the hepatic portal circulation a transient, statistically significant rise of serotonin and a concomitant significant reduction in the concentration of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. No change was found in the peripheral circulation, partly because the amines were conjugated to sulfates and glucuronides and these derivatives are not detectable by our assays. Thus, a pulse of GH not only stimulates the release of pancreatic hormones and glucose turnover, but also affects the portal profile of glucoregulatory bioamines. The present investigation lends further support to our view that the splanchnic area represents an endocrine system whose preferential target is the liver. AUHussain MN; Sirek A; Cukerman E; Sirek OV EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p463-7 MJBiogenic Amines; Liver; Portal System; Somatotropin MNDogs; Dopamine /BL; Epinephrine /BL; Glucuronidase /PD; Kinetics; Norepinephrine /BL; Serotonin /BL; Sheep; Sulfatases /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 6.3.2. (Peptide Synthetases); EC 6.3.2.3 (Glutathione Synthetase); 103-90-2 (Acetaminophen); 616-91-1 (Acetylcysteine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002019 TIAcetaminophen toxicity in lymphocytes heterozygous for glutathione synthetase deficiency. ABWe have studied the effects of acetaminophen metabolites generated by a murine hepatic microsomal system on lymphocytes from two subjects heterozygous for glutathione synthetase deficiency. Heterozygous cells exhibited greater dose-related toxicity than controls. Following a 2-h incubation with acetaminophen and the microsomal system, cells were washed and incubated for 16 h in the presence or absence of N-acetylcysteine, the standard antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. In control cells, glutathione content was replenished to nearly base-line values and toxicity was prevented. N-Acetylcysteine thus prevented toxicity even after covalent binding of acetaminophen metabolites had occurred. Heterozygous cells failed to use N-acetylcysteine as efficiently to resynthesize glutathione, and the cells were not protected from acetaminophen toxicity. Heterozygotes may be at increased risk of toxicity from drugs whose metabolites are detoxified by glutathione conjugation. AUSpielberg SP EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p468-71 MJAcetaminophen; Glutathione Synthetase; Lymphocytes; Peptide Synthetases MNAcetylcysteine /PD; Child; Glutathione Synthetase /GE; Heterozygote; Lymphocytes /EN; Mice MTAnimal; Human; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.21.9 (Enteropeptidase); 53-06-5 (Cortisone); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002020 TIDevelopment of enteropeptidase activity in mouse small intestine: influence of hormones. ABThe postnatal development of enteropeptidase activity has been examined on mucosal scrapping of the proximal part of the mouse small intestine. The activity was present at birth and remained low during the first 15 days of life. Then it rapidly increased reaching adult level within 2 days. Daily administration of cortisone acetate (25 micrograms X g body weight (bw)-1 X day-1), insulin (12.5 mU X g bw-1 X day-1), or epidermal growth factor (4 micrograms X g bw-1 X day-1) during 3 days to 8-day-old mice induced a premature increase of enteropeptidase. The maximal increase was observed with cortisone treatment, the enzymic activity representing 70% of the adult level. Thyroxine alone (1 microgram X g bw-1 X day-1) had no significant effect on enteropeptidase activity. Hormonal interactions have been evaluated by studying the effects of different hormonal combinations. Finally, cortisone acetate which has a major effect on this activity during suckling period was unable to influence adult small intestinal enteropeptidase activity. AUArsenault P; Menard D EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p472-5 MJEnteropeptidase; Hormones; Intestine, Small; Peptide Peptidohydrolases MNAnimals, Suckling; Cortisone /PD; Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone /PD; Insulin /PD; Intestine, Small /GD; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mice; Thyroxine /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium); 0 (digitalis receptor); 630-60-4 (Ouabain) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002021 TIAssociation of the positive inotropic action of ouabain with a second species of digitalis receptors. ABStudies were conducted to determine whether Na-K ATPase or a second species of digitalis receptors in canine cardiac sarcolemma membrane preparations is associated with the positive inotropic action of nontoxic concentrations of ouabain. [3H]ouabain association and dissociation experiments using highly enriched sarcolemma preparations from canine ventricle indicate the presence of two species of ouabain binding receptors. Ouabain binding to Na-K ATPase of the sarcolemma preparation requires supporting ligands and is characterized by fast association and very slow dissociation in vitro. The second species of digitalis receptor does not require supporting ligands for ouabain binding and is characterized by slow association and fast dissociation. To determine which species of digitalis receptor is associated with the positive inotropic action of digitalis, ouabain washout experiments were conducted using various isolated canine myocardial preparations. Washout of the positive inotropic effects of 1.2-2.4 X 10(-7) M ouabain gave half-life values of 1.5-2.0 h for the various myocardial preparations. [3H]ouabain dissociation from the second species of digitalis receptors gave half-life values of 1.7-1.8 h, whereas dissociation from the sarcolemma Na-K ATPase gave half-life values of 8.9-9.3 h for the various sarcolemma preparations utilized. Therefore, based on similarities in half-life values between ouabain inotropy and [3H]ouabain dissociation from the second class of digitalis receptors, it is postulated that the positive inotropic action of digitalis glycosides is associated with the second species of digitalis receptors in the sarcolemma and not with the digitalis inhibitory receptor of Na-K ATPase for nontoxic concentrations of digitalis. AUKurobane I; Nandi DL; Okita GT EM8601 IDHL-18598 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p476-86 MJMyocardial Contraction; Ouabain; Receptors, Drug MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /ME; Dogs; Half-Life; Kidney /ME; Kinetics; Membranes /ME; Microsomes /ME; Myocardium /EN; Sarcolemma /EN MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002022 TIThe effect of insulin deficiency, dietary protein intake, and plasma amino acid concentrations on brain amino acid levels in rats. ABThe effect of diabetes (streptozotocin, 65 mg/kg ip), dietary protein intake (15-60%), and plasma amino acid concentrations on brain large neutral amino acid levels in rats was examined. After 20 days, the plasma concentrations of methionine and the branched chain amino acids (BCAA), valine, isoleucine, and leucine were increased in diabetic rats. In brain tissue, methionine and valine levels were increased but threonine, tyrosine, and tryptophan concentrations were depressed. Increased protein consumption promoted a diabetic-like plasma amino acid pattern in normal rats while enhancing that of diabetic animals. However, with the exception of threonine, glycine, valine, and tyrosine, there was little effect on brain amino acid levels. A good association was found between the calculated brain influx rate and the actual brain concentration of threonine, methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan in diabetic animals. There was no correlation, however, between brain influx rate and brain BCAA levels. Thus, the brain amino acid pattern in diabetes represents the combined effects of insulin insufficiency and composition of the diet ingested on plasma amino acid levels as well as metabolic adaptation within the brain itself. AUGlanville NT; Anderson GH EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p487-94 MJAmino Acids /ME; Brain Chemistry; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dietary Proteins MNAmino Acids /BL; Blood Glucose /ME; Kinetics; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN16662-47-8 (Gallopamil); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 52-53-9 (Verapamil); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol); 86-54-4 (Hydralazine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002023 TIChronic treatment of rats with D-600 causes a compensatory decrease in the calcium requirement for contractility of vascular smooth and cardiac muscles. ABWe studied the effects of chronic hypotensive treatment of normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) with methoxyverapamil (D-600) and hydralazine on in vitro contractile response of aortic strips, portal vein strips, and Langendorff-perfused hearts in normal (2.5 mM) and low (0.2 mM) calcium (Ca). Portal vein strips from rats treated with D-600, compared with the same strips from control and hydralazine-treated rats, developed greater spontaneous contractile activity in normal Ca and retained greater responses to norepinephrine (NE) and 80 mM K in low Ca. Aortic strips from all three groups of rats retained similar responses to NE and K in low Ca. Hearts from D-600-treated rats produced less intraventricular pressure (IVP) to isoproterenol (ISO) than hearts from control and hydralazine-treated rats in normal Ca but greater IVP to ISO than hearts from the other two groups of rats in low Ca. Thus, chronic treatment of NWR with D-600 but not with hydralazine resulted in the reduction of Ca requirement for contractile activities of the portal vein and the myocardium. AUPang CC; Sutter MC EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p495-9 MJCalcium; Gallopamil; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocardial Contraction; Verapamil MNBlood Pressure /DE; Heart Rate /DE; Hydralazine /PD; Isoproterenol /PD; Muscle Contraction /DE; Norepinephrine /PD; Portal Vein /DE; Potassium /PD; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN145-14-2 (Dihydroprogesterone); 152-58-9 (Cortodoxone); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 520-85-4 (Medroxyprogesterone); 57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002024 TIInduction of premature delivery in sheep following infusion of cortisol to the fetus. I. The effect of maternal administration of progestagens. ABPremature induction of delivery in fetuses infused with graded doses of cortisol was brought about in 123.5 +/- 7.7 h (mean +/- SEM, n = 6) after the start of cortisol infusion. This treatment caused a rise in fetal plasma cortisol similar to that observed at normal delivery. Maternal and fetal progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone concentrations decreased to basal levels during infusion of cortisol to the fetus. Induction of premature delivery was delayed or prevented by concomitant treatment of the ewe with progestagen. Maternal intramuscular injection of 100 mg progesterone, 2 times daily, prevented delivery in four of four ewes treated during the time that cortisol was infused into the fetus (11-13 days). Maternal plasma progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone concentrations were maintained during this period, but fetal plasma progesterone concentrations decreased to the same extent as in the fetuses infused with cortisol alone. A single intramuscular injection of 250 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate to ewes on the day before commencement of infusion of cortisol to the fetus prevented delivery in four of six ewes during the time that cortisol was infused for 9, 13, 14, and 15 days, respectively. One ewe delivered a live lamb at 133.5 h and another at 147.7 h after the start of infusion of cortisol to the fetus. Maternal and fetal plasma cortisol, progesterone, and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone concentrations were similar to those observed during infusion of cortisol alone to the fetus. Although fetal cortisol concentrations rose in a similar fashion, and to a similar extent, in all three groups during infusion of cortisol to the fetus, fetal 11-desoxycortisol concentrations only rose above basal levels close to the time of delivery in cortisol-infused fetuses or, in the progestagen-treated groups, when the fetus showed signs of being stressed. AUJenkin G; Jorgensen G; Thorburn GD; Buster JE; Nathanielsz PW EM8601 IDHD 17129 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p500-8 MJFetus; Hydrocortisone; Labor, Premature; Progestational Hormones /PD MNAnimals, Newborn /PH; Birth Weight /DE; Cortodoxone /PD; Dihydroprogesterone /PD; Fetal Blood; Medroxyprogesterone /PD; Pregnancy; Progestational Hormones /BL; Progesterone /PD; Sheep; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002025 TIThe role aortic chemoreceptors during severe CO hypoxia. ABThe importance of aortic chemoreceptors in the circulatory responses to severe carbon monoxide (CO) hypoxia was studied in anesthetized dogs. The aortic chemoreceptors were surgically denervated in eight dogs prior to the induction of CO hypoxia, with nine other dogs serving as intact controls. Values for both whole body and hindlimb blood flow, vascular resistance, and O2 uptake were determined prior to and at 30 min of CO hypoxia in the two groups. Arterial O2 content was reduced 65% using an in situ dialysis method to produce CO hypoxia. At 30 min of hypoxia, cardiac output increased but limb blood flow remained at prehypoxic levels in both groups. This indicated that aortic chemoreceptor input was not necessary for the increase in cardiac output during severe CO hypoxia, nor for the diversion of this increased flow to nonmuscle tissues. Limb O2 uptake decreased during CO hypoxia in the aortic-denervated group but remained at prehypoxic levels in the intact group. The lower resting values for limb blood flow in the aortic-denervated animals required a greater level of O2 extraction to maintain resting O2 uptake. When CO hypoxia was superimposed upon this compensation, an O2 supply limitation occurred because the limb failed to vasodilate even as maximal levels for O2 extraction were approached. AUKing CE; Cain SM; Chapler CK EM8601 IDHL-14693 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p509-14 MJAnoxia; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Chemoreceptors; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular MNAnoxia /PP; Aorta, Thoracic /ME; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure /DE; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning /PP; Cardiac Output /DE; Cyanides /PD; Dogs; Hindlimb /BS; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Muscle Denervation; Oxygen /BL; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Vascular Resistance /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (phenytoin receptor); 57-41-0 (Phenytoin) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002026 TIIn situ molecular weight determination of rat brain [3H]phenytoin binding sites. ABUsing irradiation inactivation analysis of specific [3H]phenytoin binding to rat brain we have demonstrated that there are two different binding sites involved, with molecular weights of 73238 +/- 1535 (higher affinity site) and 108121 +/- 6935 (lower affinity site). AUSpero L EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p515-6 MJBrain; Phenytoin; Receptors, Drug MNFreeze Drying; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Rats; Receptors, Drug /RE MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-41-0 (Phenytoin) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002027 TISpecific binding of [3H]phenytoin in the human brain. ABCompetition between cold phenytoin and [3H]phenytoin binding was observed in normal human brain. Binding was observed in all areas examined. The highest number of sites was in the amygdala (a total of 717.71 fmol/mg protein) and the lowest in the Brodman area (BA) 4 of the motor cortex (153.91 fmol/mg protein) and cerebellar cortex (154.4 fmol/mg protein). In three areas, amygdala, cortex area BA 38 (inferior parietal lobe), and cortex area BA 8 (premotor cortex), two sets of binding sites were observed. In these areas the Kd for the higher affinity sites ranged from 35 to 116 nM, and for the lower affinity site, from 328 to 866 nM. In the four areas where only one binding site was observed the KdS ranged from 164 to 311 nM and the Scatchard plot was linear. AUSpero L EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p517-8 MJBrain; Phenytoin MNAmygdaloid Body /ME; Cerebral Cortex /ME; Kinetics MTHuman; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN147-85-3 (Proline); 16450-41-2 (glutamic acid diethyl ester); 542-32-5 (2-Aminoadipic Acid); 7004-03-7 (Valine); 76726-92-6 (2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002028 TIBlockade of hyperbaric oxygen induced seizures by excitatory amino acid antagonists. ABThe effectiveness of several excitatory amino acid antagonists to delay or block seizures induced by oxygen at high pressure was examined in mice. Of the antagonists tested, namely, L-proline, DL-alpha-aminoadipate, DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate, and L-glutamic acid diethyl ester, DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate was the most effective in delaying or preventing seizures. L-Glutamic acid diethylester was also effective but at significantly higher doses, which were also associated with marked sedation. AUColton CA; Colton JS EM8601 IDNS-16526 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p519-21 MJAmino Acids; Anticonvulsants; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Seizures /PC MN2-Aminoadipic Acid /PD; Glutamates /PD; Mice; Proline /PD; Seizures /ET; Valine /AA /PD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002029 TINutrition and metabolic development. ABPerinatal changes in metabolic processes owing to a change from a high carbohydrate to a high fat (milk) diet at birth are described. It is pointed out that early changes in food composition may have permanent effects and it is suggested that, in the rat, this may be due to structural alterations in the brain at a time when it is still differentiating. Such changes are irreversible. AUHahn P EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p525-6 MJFetal Development; Growth; Metabolism; Nutrition MNMice; Pregnancy; Rats MTAnimal; Female RN39379-15-2 (Neurotensin); 52906-92-0 (Motilin); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002030 TIGastrointestinal peptides and the adaptation to extrauterine nutrition. ABThe adaptation to extrauterine nutrition involves complex physiological changes at birth which may be regulated by genetic endowment; enteral nutrients, secretions, and bacteria; and endogenous hormones and exogenous hormones in breast milk. The hypothesis is explored that enteral feeding after birth may trigger key adaptations in the gut and in metabolism partly through the mediation of gastrointestinal hormone secretion. Gut peptides are found in the early human fetal gut and by the second trimester some are found in high concentrations in the fetal circulation and amniotic fluid. Major plasma hormonal surges occur during the neonatal period in term and preterm infants: notably in enteroglucagon, gastrin, motilin, neurotensin, gastrointestinal peptide, and pancreatic polypeptide. These events do not occur in neonates deprived of enteral feeding. A progressive development of dynamic gut hormonal responses to feeding is observed. The pattern of gut endocrine changes after birth is influenced by the type and route of feeding. Potential pathophysiological effects of depriving high risk neonates of enteral feeding are considered. It is speculated that infants committed to prolonged total parenteral nutrition from birth may benefit from the biological effects of intraluminal nutrients used in subnutritional quantities. AULucas A; Bloom SR; Green AA EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p527-37 MJGastrointestinal Hormones; Infant Nutrition; Infant, Newborn MNAdaptation, Physiological; Blood Glucose /ME; Infant; Insulin /BL; Motilin /BL; Neurotensin /BL; Pregnancy MCReview MTAnimal; Female; Human RNEC 1.1.1.37 (Malate Dehydrogenase); EC 1.1.1.49 (Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002031 TIWeaning and metabolic regulation in the rat. ABPremature weaning of rats to high carbohydrate diets causes a variety of short- and long-term changes in lipid metabolism, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. It is likely that interaction of diet with certain emerging hormonal control patterns during weaning might condition metabolic control and (or) subsequent adaptations in the adult organism. This implies that the adaptive responses of infant animals to diet may differ from those of the mature organism. For example, premature weaning leads to early appearance of rat liver malic enzyme (ME), even when fat supplies as much as 65% of the dietary energy; the same diet suppresses ME activity in 45-day-old rats. The levels of plasma glucagon and thyroid hormones are elevated during the weaning period. Several studies have shown that triiodothyronine evokes hepatic ME in suckling rats. Conversely, glucagon infusion into prematurely weaned rats suppresses the early appearance of the enzyme. Premature weaning, regardless of fat intake, leads to a rapid decline in plasma glucagon levels. Since glucagon is known to antagonize the actions of triiodothyronine on liver ME, the interaction of diet with glucagon and thyroid hormones is conceivably part of the mechanism responsible for the early appearance of hepatic malic enzyme, whereby the decline of plasma glucagon permits triiodothyronine to act on liver ME. Insulin probably exerts a permissive action subsequently. The manner in which these events relate to the long-term consequences of premature weaning is unknown. AUAngel JF; Back DW EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p538-45 MJMetabolism; Weaning MNAdaptation, Physiological; Animals, Newborn /PH; Diet; Glucagon /PD; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase /ME; Liver /EN; Malate Dehydrogenase /ME; Nutrition; Rats MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002032 TIRole of diet fat in subcellular structure and function. ABCurrent concepts of the biomembrane will be extrapolated to membranes of homeotherms to illustrate the influence of the nature of dietary lipid in nutritionally complete diets on membrane polar head group content and fatty acid composition. Utilizing animal models, the controlling influence of dietary long chain fatty acids on major lipid constituents of the mitochondrial membrane in cardiac tissue, the plasma membrane of liver, and the synaptosomal membrane in brain can be demonstrated. Diet-induced alterations in membrane composition are associated with demonstrable changes in the function of specific membrane proteins. To illustrate this relationship, the effect of diet on mitochondrial ATPase activity and on a hormone receptor-stimulated function in the plasma membrane of the liver will be discussed. These observations suggest that the diet fat modulates enzyme functions in vivo by changing the surrounding lipid environment in the membrane. AUClandinin MT; Field CJ; Hargreaves K; Morson L; Zsigmond E EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p546-56 MJDietary Fats; Subcellular Fractions MNAdenosine Triphosphatase /ME; Adipose Tissue /ME; Brain Chemistry; Cell Membrane /ME; Intestinal Mucosa /ME; Liver /ME; Membranes /PH; Mitochondria /EN /ME; Models, Biological; Phosphatidylcholines /ME MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002033 TIThe role of diet during development on the regulation of adult cholesterol homeostasis. ABAtherosclerosis is believed to begin early in life and to develop over several decades. Elevated plasma cholesterol is a major contributing factor. Studies in animals have shown that manipulation of cholesterol metabolism during its development in pre- and early post-natal life can permanently alter cholesterol synthesis and catabolism to favour lower plasma cholesterol levels in the adult faced with a high dietary cholesterol intake. Although the mechanisms and pathways involved are likely to be different, ╥metabolic training╙ can occur as a result of both the diet fed to the mother during gestation and lactation and from the diet fed to the animal itself in early life. The presence of cholesterol itself in the suckling diet does not appear to confer any lasting improvement to cholesterol handling in either man or animals. Although much research is still required to define the time in development for effective training of specific steps in cholesterol metabolism and the primary site and mechanism of permanently altered metabolism, significant progress has been made. These studies will form the basis of this review. AUInnis SM EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p557-64 MJCholesterol /ME; Diet; Homeostasis MNAdult; Animals, Newborn /ME; Animals, Suckling /PH; Bile Acids and Salts /BI; Cholesterol /BI /BL; Fetus /ME; Infant Nutrition; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Milk; Pregnancy MCReview MTAnimal; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002034 TIEnergy intake and the nature of growth in low birth weight infants. ABGrowth is accompanied by and depends on energy storage in growing tissue. The rate of energy storage in growing low birth weight infants depends on the rate of energy intake and on the rates of energy excretion and expenditure, both of which (on a body weight basis) are much higher than in adults, and both of which increase with increments of gross energy intake. Energy-balance studies of growing low birth weight infants on gross energy intakes approximating 500 kJ X kg-1 X d-1 of mothers' milk or of infant formula indicate that the composition of extrauterine weight gain of the low birth weight infant differs from that of the fetus of similar gestation, in that the energy storage cost of growth is much higher. Attempts to increase metabolizable energy intake beyond 500 kJ X kg-1 X d-1 by energy supplementation alone do not result in proportionately increased rates of weight gain; low birth weight formulae, in which energy, protein, and mineral contents are all increased can result in large weight gains with proportionate increases in rates of protein and fat accretion. AUWhyte RK; Bayley HS; Sinclair JC EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p565-70 MJEnergy Metabolism; Growth; Infant, Low Birth Weight MNBody Temperature; Body Weight; Gestational Age; Infant Food; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human MCReview MTHuman RN541-15-1 (Carnitine); 7727-37-9 (Nitrogen) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002035 TIRole of carnitine during development. ABFatty acids are an important fuel source for neonates. The utilization of long chain fatty acids as a fuel source is dependent upon adequate concentrations of carnitine. Carnitine also has functions in other physiological processes critical to the survival of the neonate such as lipolysis, thermogenesis, ketogenesis, and possibly regulation of certain aspects of nitrogen metabolism. Plasma and tissue carnitine concentrations in neonates are depressed compared with those of older individuals. The capability for carnitine biosynthesis is much less in the neonate than in the adult. Human milk contains carnitine and appears to be the major source of carnitine to meet the neonate's metabolic needs. However, total parenteral nutrition solutions and soy-based infant formulas contain no carnitine. Evidence is accumulating that all infant diets may need to supply carnitine to meet the neonate's metabolic needs. AUBorum PR EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p571-6 MJCarnitine /PH MNAcids /UR; Adipose Tissue /ME; Body Temperature; Carnitine /ME; Fatty Acids /ME; Growth; Infant Food; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Ketones /ME; Lipids /ME; Nitrogen /ME; Oxidation-Reduction; Pregnancy MCReview MTFemale; Human IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002036 TIThe 13th J. A. F. Stevenson memorial lecture. Sexual differentiation of the brain: possible mechanisms and implications. ABThe mammalian brain appears to be inherently feminine and the action of testicular hormones during development is necessary for the differentiation of the masculine brain both in terms of functional potential and actual structure. Experimental evidence for this statement is reviewed in this discussion. Recent discoveries of marked structural sex differences in the central nervous system, such as the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in the rat, offer model systems to investigate potential mechanisms by which gonadal hormones permanently modify neuronal differentiation. Although effects of these steroids on neurogenesis and neuronal migration and specification have not been conclusively eliminated, it is currently believed, but not proven, that the principle mechanism of steroid action is to maintain neuronal survival during a period of neuronal death. The structural models of the sexual differentiation of the central nervous system also provide the opportunity to identify sex differences in neurochemical distribution. Two examples in the rat brain are presented: the distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers in the medial preoptic nucleus and of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers and cells in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus. It is likely that sexual dimorphisms will be found to be characteristic of many neural and neurochemical systems. The final section of this review raises the possibility that the brain of the adult may, in response to steroid action, be morphologically plastic, and considers briefly the likelihood that the brain of the human species is also influenced during development by the hormonal environment. AUGorski RA EM8601 IDHD-01182 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p577-94 MJBrain /PH; Sex Differentiation MNBrain /GD; Gonadotropins /PH; Models, Neurological; Preoptic Area /PH; Sex Factors; Sex Hormones /PH MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002037 TIEvidence for a contribution by brown adipose tissue to the development of fever in the young rabbit. ABThis study was undertaken to determine if brown adipose tissue was involved in heat production during fever produced by S. abortus equi (1 micrograms) in unanesthetized rabbits aged 19-26 days. The fever (0.9-1.6 degrees C) occurred after a delay of 20-30 min and was frequently biphasic. Radiolabelled microspheres for measuring tissue blood flow were injected intraventricularly into three groups of animals: rabbits not given pyrogen, rabbits in which the febrile response to pyrogen was developing, and rabbits in which the febrile response had peaked. Blood flow to brown fat deposits and other organs was calculated from the fractional distribution of the microspheres and the recovery of microspheres in a reference arterial blood sample. At the fever peak, blood flow to brown fat was not significantly different (p greater than 0.05) from the control value (0.9 +/- 0.2), but during the rising phase of the fever the flow increased significantly (p less than 0.01) to 2.6 +/- 0.4 mL min-1 g-1. The blood flow to muscles of the forelimbs and hind limbs was also increased significantly (p less than 0.05) during the rising phase of the fever. No significant change in blood flow to other organs or tissues was found during the rising phase of the fever. These results indicate that both nonshivering as well as shivering thermogenesis contribute to heat production during development of fever in the young rabbit. However, nonshivering thermogenesis was not involved in the maintenance of the elevated body temperature after the fever had peaked. AUHarris WH; Foster DO; Nadeau BE EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p595-8 MJBody Temperature Regulation; Brown Fat; Fever MNBody Temperature; Rabbits; Regional Blood Flow MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-60-2 (Phentolamine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002038 TIPeripheral and central mechanisms of the pressor response elicited by stimulation of the locus coeruleus in the rat. ABElectrical stimulation of the pontine nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) caused an increase of the arterial blood pressure in anesthetized rats, and elevated plasma noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) levels. The stimulation-induced pressor response was characteristically biphasic and consisted of a sharp rise in arterial pressure at the onset of the stimulation, followed by a second elevation at the end of the stimulus. Bilateral adrenalectomy or adrenal demedullation completely blocked the secondary phase of the pressor response elicited by stimulation, but did not affect the primary phase. The latter was specifically eliminated by the destruction of the peripheral sympathetic vasomotor axons with intravenous 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The active sites eliciting the secondary adrenomedullary pressor component appeared to be restricted to the nucleus LC, whereas the primary sympathetic vasomotor response could be elicited from sites in and around the nucleus. After brain transection at the midbrain level, stimulation of LC failed to evoke the adrenomedullary pressor response, while the sympathetic vasomotor component was not affected. Similarly, destruction of brain NA neurons by intraventricular administration of 6-OHDA did not change the sympathetic vasomotor response, but virtually abolished the adrenal response. The results demonstrate that the pressor response to stimulation of LC in the rat is due to both increased sympathetic vasomotor activity and CA released from the adrenal medulla. The study also provides evidence suggesting that the noradrenergic LC cell group play an important role in the activation of the adrenal medulla, but is not essential for the activation of the sympathetic vasoconstrictor fiber system. AUDrolet G; Gauthier P EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p599-605 MJBlood Pressure; Locus Coeruleus MNAdrenal Medulla /PH; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes, Implanted; Epinephrine /BL; Mesencephalon /PH; Norepinephrine /BL; Phentolamine /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sympathectomy, Chemical MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002040 TIRat skeletal muscle triacylglycerol utilization during exhaustive swimming. ABThe utilization of triacylglycerol in slow oxidative, fast oxidative-glycolytic, and fast glycolytic skeletal muscle fiber types was examined in rats subjected to a prolonged exhaustive swim. Significant reductions of intramuscular triacylglycerol occurred following 2 h and 40 min of swimming in all muscles containing a predominance of slow oxidative and fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers, which possess a high capacity for free fatty acid oxidation. Triacylglycerol content in the soleus decreased by 48%, and reductions of 41, 29, and 27% were measured in the red vastus lateralis, red gastrocnemius, and plantaris muscles, respectively. In the white vastus lateralis and white gastrocnemius muscles (fast glycolytic fibers) triacylglycerol concentrations were unaffected. In all muscles the variability of intramuscular triacylglycerol measurements between animals was 20-50% and the within animal variance (right vs. left hindlimb) was similar. Analytical repeatability was approximately 10% in all muscles and significantly less than the between- and within-animal variances. It was concluded that a real biological variation exists in the triacylglycerol content of all rat skeletal muscles and that intramuscular triacylglycerol is an important energy source during prolonged exercise of moderate intensity. AUSpriet LL; Peters SJ; Heigenhauser GJ; Jones NL EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p614-8 MJExertion; Muscles; Triglycerides MNOxidation-Reduction; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Swimming MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.- (Ribonucleases); EC 3.2.1.17 (Muramidase) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002041 TIThe renal handling of human urinary ribonuclease by rat kidneys. ABThe purpose of the study was to find out how poly(C)-avid human urinary ribonuclease is handled by the kidney. Purified human urinary ribonuclease (molecular weight 33 000) was radiolabelled with 125I. The enzyme was injected intravenously into dogs and monkeys with and without kidneys. The disappearance rate from the animals without kidneys was markedly prolonged. In the dog and monkey with kidneys, the radiolabelled enzyme which was infused was recovered in the urine unchanged. No large molecular weight fragments were found. When 125I-labelled ribonuclease was infused into rats the material recovered in the urine was primarily identical with the material infused. A very small fraction of the material recovered was found to contain some fragments which had chromatographic characteristics of monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine. Two other fragments were detected but could not be identified. Autoradiographic studies of the rat kidneys also showed some reabsorption of the radiolabelled ribonuclease, particularly in the proximal tubules. With electron microscopy the radiolabelled material could be seen in the lysosomes. These observations corroborate findings discovered for other low molecular enzyme such as lysozyme (molecular weight 14 000) and suggest that the human ribonuclease is mainly excreted by the kidneys unchanged and that a minor amount may be reabsorbed by the proximal tubules and metabolized in the lysosomes. AUFarboody G; Tattrie B; Rippstein PU; Rabin EZ EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p619-26 MJKidney /ME; Ribonucleases MNAutoradiography; Chromatography, Paper; Dogs; Iodine Radioisotopes /DU; Kidney Tubules, Proximal /ME; Kidney /EN; Macaca mulatta; Muramidase /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Species Specificity; Time Factors MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.3.- (Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes); EC 2.7.3.2 (Creatine Kinase); EC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase); 51-52-5 (Propylthiouracil) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002042 TICardiac myofibrillar creatine kinase is not influenced by hypothyroidism. ABThe cardiac myofibrillar component of the phosphorylcreatine shuttle mechanism enzymatically couples the functionally significant processes of energy utilization (ATPase) with substrate regeneration by creatine kinase (CK). Both components have isoenzyme forms that are transcriptionally regulated. Propylthiouracil-induced (PTU) hypothyroidism reduced rat cardiac contractile protein ATPase activity by shifting isomyosin predominance from the V1 to the V3 form. However, neither CK specific activity or CK isoenzyme composition was altered by PTU treatment. Thus, myofibrillar components of the phosphorylcreatine shuttle, ATPase and CK, are not coordinately regulated under hypothyroid conditions. AUDowell RT; Martin AF EM8601 IDHL 28456; HL 33677 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p627-9 MJCreatine Kinase; Hypothyroidism; Myocardium; Myofibrils MNAdenosine Triphosphatase /ME; Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes /ME; Myosin /ME; Propylthiouracil /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN34368-04-2 (Dobutamine); 50-60-2 (Phentolamine); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002043 TIRole of alpha-adrenergic receptors in the intrinsic inotropic selectivity of dobutamine in anesthetized dogs. ABThe inotropic selectivity of dobutamine was examined in pentobarbital-anesthetized, vagotomized dogs pretreated with a ganglion blocker. The purpose was to determine if, in the presence of hexamethonium and vagotomy, the inotropic selectivity of dobutamine could be attributed to an action of dobutamine on alpha-adrenoreceptors. Dose-response curves were determined for either isoproterenol or dobutamine 30 min after treatment with hexamethonium (20mg/kg). Analysis of heart rate versus right ventricular contractile force showed that dobutamine produced less tachycardia for a given increase in contractile force than isoproterenol; this was statistically significant when contractile force was increased by either 50 or 100%. In a separate series of experiments, dobutamine (8 micrograms . kg(1-) . min(-1)) was administered 20 min after propranolol (3 mg/kg). Under these conditions there was a slight increase in contractile force which represented 12% of the dobutamine response prior to propranolol administration. This increase in contractile force in the presence of propranolol was completely prevented by the addition of phentolamine (1 mg/kg). Consequently, in another series of experiments, dose-response curves for dobutamine were performed in the presence of hexamethonium before and 30 min after phentolamine alone (1 mg/kg) or vehicle. Phentolamine did not influence the effect of dobutamine on heart rate or contractile force, but prevented the increase in diastolic blood pressure caused by dobutamine. In addition, analysis of heart rate versus contractile force indicated that there were no statistically significant effects of phentolamine on the inotropic selectivity of dobutamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUShaffer JE; Gorczynski RJ EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p630-5 MJDobutamine; Myocardial Contraction; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha MNAnesthesia; Dogs; Hemodynamics /DE; Hexamethonium Compounds /PD; Isoproterenol /PD; Myocardium /ME; Phentolamine /PD; Propranolol /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002044 TIVagal afferent activity and renal nerve release of dopamine. ABTo investigate the involvement of vagal afferents in renal nerve release of catecholamines, we compared norepinephrine, dopamine, and epinephrine excretion from innervated and chronically denervated kidneys in the same rat. The difference between innervated and denervated kidney excretion rates was taken as a measure of neurotransmitter release from renal nerves. During saline expansion, norepinephrine excretion from the innervated kidney was not statistically greater than from denervated kidneys. Vagotomy increased norepinephrine release from renal nerves. Thus vagal afferents participated in the suppression of renal sympathetic nerve activity during saline expansion. No significant vagal control of dopamine release by renal nerves was detected under these conditions. Bilateral carotid ligation stimulated renal nerve release of both norepinephrine and dopamine in saline-expanded rats. The effects of carotid ligation and vagotomy were not additive with respect to norepinephrine release by renal nerves. However, the baroreflex-stimulated renal nerve release of dopamine was abolished by vagotomy. Electrical stimulation of the left cervical vagus with a square wave electrical pulse (0.5 ms duration, 10 V, 2 Hz) increased dopamine excretion exclusively from the innervated kidney of hydropenic rats. No significant change in norepinephrine excretion was observed during vagal stimulation. Increased dopamine excretion during vagal stimulation was associated with a larger natriuretic response from the innervated kidney than from its denervated mate (p less than 0.05). We conclude that under appropriate conditions vagal afferents stimulate renal release of dopamine and produce a neurogenically mediated natriuresis. AUMorgunov N; Baines AD EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p636-41 MJDopamine; Kidney; Neurons, Afferent; Vagus Nerve MNCarotid Arteries /PH; Epinephrine /ME; Norepinephrine /ME; Pressoreceptors /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Reflex /PH; Sodium /UR; Vagotomy MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9002-72-6 (Somatotropin); 9061-29-4 (Carboxyhemoglobin) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002045 TIEffects of thyroid and growth hormone deficiency, and food restriction on heart mass, with and without added stress (carboxyhemoglobinemia). ABThe roles of thyroid and growth hormone, and food restriction in maintenance of heart mass and in carbon monoxide-stimulated cardiac growth were examined. First, thyroidectomized and normal adult male rats inhaled up to 500 ppm CO in air for 42 days. Combined ventricular weights of thyroidectomized rats inhaling CO and air were 12 and 23% smaller than predicted, respectively, while the combined ventricular weight of normal rats inhaling CO was 29% larger than predicted. Thyroidectomy increased the mass of the left ventricle relative to the right ventricle; this was reversed by CO treatment. While the hematocrit increased in thyroidectomized-CO rats, it was lower than in normal-CO rats: likewise the hematocrit of thyroidectomized-AIR rats was lower than that of normal rats in air. Body weights of the thyroidectomized rats were 57% that of normals. As additional controls, two groups of normal rats (one AIR, one CO) were maintained at the same body weight as the thyroidectomized rats, by adjusting food intake. Combined ventricular weight was less than predicted in AIR rats and failed to increase in CO animals, while hematocrits were the same as normals in air and in CO. Serum thyroxine (T4) and growth hormone levels assayed in thyroidectomized rats were less than 15 and 25% of normal rats, respectively. Growth hormone levels were not altered by CO inhalation in thyroidectomized and in normal rats. Levels of both hormones were normal in food-restricted rats. While thyroidectomy produced cardiac atrophy, cardiac growth was stimulated by CO inhalation, although heart mass then only approached that of normals in air. Food restriction also produced cardiac atrophy, but CO inhalation failed to stimulate heart growth. AUPenney DG; Barthel BG EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p642-8 MJCarboxyhemoglobin; Hemoglobins; Hypothyroidism; Myocardium; Somatotropin MNBody Weight; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning /PP; Food Deprivation; Hematocrit; Organ Weight; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Thyroidectomy MTAnimal; Male IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002046 TIPreliminary observations on the effects of stimulation of cardiac nerves in man. ABThe dorsal mediastinal cardiac nerves were stimulated in 20 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. In no instance was an untoward effect produced in any of the patients. Stimulation of a cardiac nerve increased heart rate in eight patients and slowed heart rate in eight patients. In 12 patients stimulation of a cardiac nerve increased mean aortic pressure while in 8 patients it was decreased, even though the patients were supported by a total body perfusion pump. In 11 patients stimulation of a cardiac nerve resulted in a decrease in the coronary artery bypass graft flow, even though aortic pressure was unchanged or increased. These preliminary results suggest that individual cardiac nerves in the dorsal mediastinum of man may be capable of modifying heart rate, total peripheral vascular resistance, or coronary artery resistance. Furthermore, they demonstrate that stimulation of human dorsal mediastinal cardiac nerves can be done without untoward effects and that such stimulations may be a means to investigate the complexity of neural regulation of the human heart. AUMurphy DA; Johnstone DE; Armour JA EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p649-55 MJHeart MNAdult; Aged; Aortocoronary Bypass; Blood Pressure; Electric Stimulation; Electrocardiography; Heart Rate; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-83-2 (Carbachol); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002048 TITransient inhibition of the muscarinic actions of carbachol during reactivation of the electrogenic sodium pump in guinea pig taenia caeci smooth muscle. ABIn guinea pig taenia caeci smooth muscle the muscarinic receptor stimulant carbachol evoked depolarization and contraction, which was followed by hyperpolarization and relaxation on its removal. Both the hyperpolarization and relaxation were inhibited by removal of K+ from the external medium. During Na+-pump blockade (K+-free solution) the depolarizing and contracting actions of carbachol decreased. When the Na+ pump was switched on again by readmission of 5.9 mmol/L K+ to K+-depleted and Na+-enriched preparations, electrogenic hyperpolarization and relaxation developed. During this period carbachol failed to produce depolarization and contraction. AUTorok TL ; Vizi SE; Magyar K EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p663-8 MJCarbachol; Muscle, Smooth; Receptors, Muscarinic; Sodium MNBiological Transport, Active /DE; Cecum /ME /PH; Guinea Pigs; Isometric Contraction /DE; Muscle Contraction /DE; Muscle, Smooth /PH; Potassium /PH; Receptors, Muscarinic /PH MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002049 TIForce-velocity relationships in hypertensive arterial smooth muscle. ABIncreased total peripheral resistance is the cardinal haemodynamic disorder in essential hypertension. This could be secondary to alterations in the mechanical properties of vascular smooth muscle. Adequate study has not been made of the force-velocity (F-V) relationship in hypertensive arterial smooth muscle. Increased shortening in arterial smooth muscle would result in greater narrowing of arteries. The objectives of this investigation were to see if there is (i) increased shortening or increased maximum change in muscle length (delta Lmax where L stands for muscle length), (ii) an increased maximum velocity of shortening (Vmax) measured in l omicron per second where l omicron is the optimal muscle length for tension development, and (iii) a difference in maximum isometric tension (P omicron) developed in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR; N = 6) compared with normotensive Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY;N = 5) caudal artery strips. An electromagnetic muscle lever was employed in recording force-velocity data. Analysis of these data revealed the following: (a) the SHR mean P omicron of 6.21 +/- 1.01 N/cm2 was not different from the mean WKY P omicron of 6.97 +/- 1.64 N/cm2 (p greater than 0.05); (b) the SHR preparations showed greater shortening for all loads imposed; (c) the SHR Vmax of 0.016 l omicron/s was greater than the WKY Vmax of 0.013 l omicron/s (p less than 0.05). This study provides evidence that while hypertensive arterial smooth muscle is not able to produce more force than normotensive arterial smooth muscle, it is capable of faster and greater shortening. The latter could result in increased narrowing of hypertensive arteries and increased blood pressure. AUPacker CS; Stephens NL EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p669-74 MJHypertension; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular MNBlood Pressure; Muscle Contraction; Muscles /PH; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002050 TITension-velocity relationships in hypertensive mesenteric resistance arteries. ABIncreased total peripheral resistance is the cardinal haemodynamic disorder in essential hypertension. This could be secondary to alterations in the mechanical properties of vascular smooth muscle. Adequate study has not been made of the tension-velocity (T-V) relationship in hypertensive resistance arterial smooth muscle. Increased narrowing in such arteries would result in increased resistance. The objectives of this investigation were to determine whether there is (i) increased narrowing capacity (-delta C/C omicron, where C stands for arterial internal circumference and C omicron is the optimal arterial internal circumference for maximum tension development); (ii) an increased maximum velocity of isobaric narrowing (Vmax) measured in C omicron per second; (iii) an increased wall thickness (h); and (iv) an increased active stress development (Tmax) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR; n = 5) compared with the normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY; n = 5) and MK-421 (an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor) treated spontaneously hypertensive rat (MK-421 trt. SHR; n = 5) mesenteric resistance (diameter, less than 300 micron) arteries. Analysis of the data for arteries constricting isobarically against a range of pressures revealed that (a) the SHR -deltaC/C omicron values at pressures ranging from 20 to 120 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa) showed significantly increased narrowing compared with the MK-421 trt. SHR and WKY -deltaC/C omicron values in this same pressure range (p less than 0.01), and (b) the SHR derived Vmax of 0.83 +/- 0.08 C omicron/s was significantly faster than either the MK-421 trt.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUPacker CS; Stephens NL EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p675-80 MJHypertension; Mesenteric Arteries MNAtmospheric Pressure; Blood Pressure; Kinetics; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /PP; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats; Vascular Resistance MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002051 TIChanges in isometric contractile properties of extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles of C57BL/6J mice following denervation. ABIn this study, conducted on mice of the C57BL/6J+/+ strain, we investigated the differential effects of denervation on the isometric contractile properties of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles. The contractile properties were studied at 1, 28, 84, and 210 days following unilateral section of the sciatic nerve at 12 weeks of age. When isometric tetanus tension was expressed relative to wet weight, the denervated SOL showed an earlier and more pronounced loss in tension generating capacity than the EDL. Both the denervated SOL and EDL showed potentiation of the twitch tension at 28 days postdenervation. The time to peak twitch tension (TTP) and the time to half-relaxation (1/2RT) were prolonged by 28 days postdenervation in both muscles. This trend continued to the oldest age-groups studied in the EDL, but reached an apparent plateau in the SOL at 84 days postdenervation. In response to fatigue, the denervated SOL showed a marked decrease in resistance to fatigue at 1 day but a relatively normal response thereafter, whereas the denervated EDL showed an increase in resistance to fatigue at and beyond the 28-day period. In spite of the fact that the total contraction time of both muscles increased following denervation, the predominantly oxidative SOL remained a slower contracting muscle than the more glycolytic EDL. AUWebster DM; Bressler BH EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p681-6 MJIsometric Contraction; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Denervation; Muscles MNMice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Aminotransferase); 127-17-3 (pyruvic acid); 50-21-5 (lactic acid); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid); 6898-94-8 (Alanine); 6899-04-3 (Glutamine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002052 TIThe metabolic response of the kidney to acute sodium lactate alkalosis. ABIn vivo studies were performed in the dog to verify if sodium lactate had an important effect on the metabolism of glutamine by the kidney. The animals were infused with 0.6 M sodium lactate to induce acute metabolic alkalosis with plasma bicarbonate of 29.7 mM. During these experiments, it was demonstrated that the renal uptake of glutamine increased by 46%, while the renal production of ammonia was unchanged. The renal production of alanine rose from 6.0 to 16.8 mumol/min. Plasma concentration of lactate increased from 1.3 to 19.2 mM, while that of pyruvate increased from 0.075 to 0.454 mM. In the renal tissue, alpha-ketoglutarate, malate, oxaloacetate, lactate, pyruvate, citrate, and alanine increased significantly. Similar changes were found in the liver and skeletal muscle. The observed changes are best described by transamination of pyruvate and glutamate under the influence of alanine aminotransferase (GPT). It can be calculated that this reaction was responsible for 76% of the production of ammonia from glutamine, the latter being necessary to provide glutamate for the synthesis of alanine. Dogs infused with 0.3 M sodium bicarbonate instead of sodium lactate with the same degree of acute metabolic alkalosis, showed a depression of 40% in the renal uptake of glutamine with a 38% decrease in renal ammoniagenesis and a 20% fall in the production of alanine. The present studies demonstrate that the production of ammonia from glutamine is not necessarily related to changes in acid-base balance, but may be associated with biochemical alterations related to the synthesis of alanine by the kidney. AULemieux G; Junco E; Perez R; Lemieux C; Allignet E EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p687-92 MJAlkalosis; Kidney; Lactates MNAlanine Aminotransferase /ME; Alanine /ME; Dogs; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glutamates /ME; Glutamine /ME; Kidney Cortex /ME; Liver /ME; Muscles /ME; Pyruvates /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7601-90-3 (perchloric acid); 7732-18-5 (Water); 7782-39-0 (Deuterium); 7789-20-0 (deuterium oxide) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002053 TIThe influence of D2O, perchlorate, and variation in temperature on the potential-dependent contractile function of frog skeletal muscle. ABD2O and perchlorate manifest opposing effects on the contractile function of skeletal muscle (amplitude of twitches and maximum K contractures, potential dependence of contraction activation and inactivation), and when combined the influence of one may effectively antagonize that of the other. The ratio of perchlorate concentrations required to produce effects of equal intensity (e.g., twitch enhancement and restoration of maximum K contractures in media lacking divalent cations or containing a depressant concentration of a cationic amphipath) in H2O and D2O solutions was generally rather constant. These findings are compatible with the view that both agents can influence contractile function by virtue of their effects on solvent structure. In the absence of divalent cations, the effects of reduced temperature resemble those of D2O whereas the effects of increased temperature resemble those of the chaotropic anion. However, in other media, variation in temperature was found to result in additional nonsolvent effects so that low temperature could oppose rather than enhance the effects of D2O. These observations are discussed in terms of a model postulates a role for solvent influences on the kinetics of two separate potential-dependent conformational transitions of membrane proteins which mediate the activation and inactivation of contraction in skeletal muscle. AUFoulks JG; Morishita L EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p693-703 MJDeuterium; Muscle Contraction; Muscles /PH; Perchloric Acids; Temperature; Water MNMembrane Potentials /DE; Muscle Relaxation /DE; Muscles /DE; Potassium /PD; Rana Pipiens MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002054 TIActivity of in situ middle cervical ganglion neurons in dogs, using extracellular recording techniques. ABNeuronal activity in the in situ middle cervical ganglion of dogs was investigated using extracellular recording techniques. The recorded action potentials were frequently active during specific phases of the cardiac cycle, particularly during systole, and this activity persisted following acute decentralization of the ganglion. The activity of these action potentials was modified when systemic arterial pressure was altered by isoproterenol, noradrenaline, adrenaline, or partial occlusion of the aorta, whether in the intact or acutely decentralized preparation. These neurons were active between systolic pressures of 70 and 180 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa). Action potentials were frequently modified by mechanical distortion of the superior vena cava, ventricular epicardium, or adventitia of the aorta, whether the preparation was acutely decentralized or not. Seventy percent of these action potentials were unaffected by stimulation (1 ms, 4 V, 0.5 Hz) of a cardiopulmonary nerve and 27% were suppressed by such stimulation. Five of the neurons were activated by such stimulation. It is presumed that the latter neurons had axons in a cardiopulmonary nerve and most likely were efferent sympathetic postganglionic neurons. Sixty-three percent of these spontaneously active phase-locked units were modified by stimulation of a ramus or an ansa. It is postulated that some of the neurons in the middle cervical ganglia can be modified by afferent axons arising from receptors in thoracic organs, in particular from the great vessels and heart, whether in an intact or acutely decentralized preparation. The majority of these neurons are presumed not to be afferent neurons or efferent postganglionic neurons, as they are not activated directly by electrical stimulation of axons in cardiopulmonary nerves. Rather they are presumed to be interneurons. These results lend support to the thesis that considerable integration of neuronal activity related to thoracic cardiovascular dynamics occurs within the middle cervical ganglia of dogs. AUArmour JA EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p704-16 MJGanglia, Spinal; Neurons MNAction Potentials /DE; Dogs; Epinephrine /PD; Isoproterenol /PD; Microelectrodes; Norepinephrine /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN58-55-9 (Theophylline); 58-61-7 (Adenosine); 961-45-5 (8-phenyltheophylline) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002055 TIThe use of 8-phenyltheophylline as a competitive antagonist of adenosine and an inhibitor of the intrinsic regulatory mechanism of the hepatic artery. ABReduction of portal blood flow results in compensatory vasodilation of the hepatic artery, the hepatic arterial buffer response. The hypothesis tested is that the regulation of the buffer response is mediated by adenosine, where the local concentration of adenosine in the region of the hepatic arterial resistance vessels is regulated by washout of adenosine into portal venules that are in intimate contact with hepatic arterioles. In anesthetized cats, portal flow was reduced to zero by complete occlusion of all arterial supply to the guts. The resultant dilation of the hepatic artery compensated for 23.9 +/- 4.9% of the decrease in portal flow. Dose-response curves were obtained for the effect of intraportal adenosine infusion on hepatic arterial conductance in doses that did not lead to recirculation and secondary effects on the hepatic artery via altered portal blood flow. The dose to produce one-half maximal response for adenosine is 0.19 mg X kg-1 X min-1 (intraportal) and the estimated maximal dilation is equivalent to an increase in hepatic arterial conductance to 245% of the basal (100%) level. The adenosine antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline, produced dose-related competitive antagonism of the dilator response to infused adenosine (but not to isoproterenol) and a similar, parallel antagonism of the hepatic arterial buffer response. If supramaximal blocking doses were used, the hepatic artery showed massive and prolonged constriction with blood flow decreasing to zero. The data strongly support the hypothesis that intrinsic hepatic arterial buffer response is mediated entirely by local adenosine concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AULautt WW; Legare DJ EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p717-22 MJAdenosine; Hepatic Artery; Theophylline; Vasodilation MNAdenosine /PD; Blood Pressure /DE; Cats; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Theophylline /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.3.2.2 (Gamma-Glutamyltransferase); EC 3. (Hydrolases); EC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase) IS0008-4212 LAFrench JCCJM SBM UI86002057 TI[Activity of renal hydrolases in pre- and postnatal development of mice] ABThe fetal and postnatal activity patterns of different hydrolytic enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, trehalase, maltase, glucoamylase, lactase, and sucrase) have been examined in mouse renal homogenates. Alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities presented approximately similar changes. They increased from 18 days of gestation up to 30 days after birth. These activities showed marked increases during the 3rd and 4th postnatal weeks. A similar important rise was observed for trehalase activity at the end of the suckling period. Maltase activity increased gradually after birth. Traces of lactase, sucrase, and glucoamylase activities were detected at each developmental stage. AUNiederst C; Dauca M TT[Activites des hydrolases renales au cours du developpement pre- et post-natal de la souris.] EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p731-4 MJFetal Development; Hydrolases; Kidney MNAging; Alkaline Phosphatase /ME; Gamma-Glutamyltransferase /ME; Gestational Age; Mice; Pregnancy MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN4368-28-9 (Tetrodotoxin); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002058 TIAction of serotonin and norepinephrine on spinal motoneurones following blockade of synaptic transmission. ABThe actions of serotonin and norepinephrine were investigated on spinal motoneurones in isolated, hemisected rat and frog spinal cords. Serotonin and norepinephrine induced slowly developing depolarizations of spinal motoneurones which were frequently preceded by brief, low amplitude hyperpolarizations. Neither the depolarizations nor the hyperpolarizations were attenuated by 20 mM Mg2+ or tetrodotoxin, although synaptic transmission was blocked in both cases. It thus appears unlikely that the action of serotonin and norepinephrine on spinal motoneurone polarization and results from an indirect action via interneurones. AUNeuman RS EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p735-8 MJMotor Neurons; Neural Transmission; Norepinephrine; Serotonin; Synapses MNElectric Stimulation; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents /PD; Rana Pipiens; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spinal Cord /DE; Tetrodotoxin /PD MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN86903-70-0 (Natriuretic Peptides, Atrial) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002059 TIRelease of atrial natriuretic peptide by atrial distension. ABA heterologous radioimmunoassay was used to measure the concentration of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (iANP) in plasma from the femoral artery of eight chloralose anaesthetized dogs. Mitral obstruction which increased left atrial pressure by 11 cmH2O increased plasma iANP from 97 +/- 10.3 (mean +/- SE) to 135 +/- 14.3 pg/mL. Pulmonary vein distension increased heart rate but did not increase plasma iANP. Bilateral cervical vagotomy and administration of atenolol (2 mg/kg) did not prevent the increase in iANP with mitral obstruction. Samples of blood from the coronary sinus had plasma iANP significantly higher than simultaneous samples from the femoral artery confirming the cardiac origin of the iANP. Release of iANP depends on direct stretch of the atrium rather than on a reflex involving left atrial receptors. AULedsome JR; Wilson N; Courneya CA; Rankin AJ EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p739-42 MJHeart /PH; Myocardium; Natriuretic Peptides, Atrial /SE MNDilatation; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Heart Atrium /AH /PH; Heart /AH; Natriuretic Peptides, Atrial /BL; Rabbits; Radioimmunoassay; Tissue Extracts /PD; Vagotomy MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-45-6 (Histamine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002060 TIHistamine--whither now? ABThis review presents, from the author's viewpoint, avenues of histamine research likely to produce new information. One potentially useful approach may be to attempt to relate histamine's function to its occurrence in different body tissues such as the pituitary and hypothalamus, the gastrointestinal mucosa, and the bone marrow and white blood cells. Prospects also seem bright for quantitative studies of histamine metabolites in blood and urine and possible changes in the relative amounts of these metabolites in a variety of diseases. AUCode CF EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p746-50 MJHistamine /PH MNBone Marrow /ME; Dogs; Gastric Juice /ME; Histamine /ME; Hypothalamus /ME; Intestinal Mucosa /ME; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes /ME; Lung /ME; Neurons /ME; Pituitary Gland, Posterior /ME; Skin /ME; Time Factors MTAnimal RN132-22-9 (Chlorpheniramine); 34839-70-8 (Metiamide); 51-45-6 (Histamine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002061 TITemperature and histamine receptor function--what is really happening? ABEarly studies suggested that a low temperatures there was a transition of receptor type from an H1 to an H2 receptor when the temperature was reduced from 37 degrees C to temperatures below 20 degrees C. These original observations were based on the development of sensitivity of guinea-pig ileum to the H2 antagonist metiamide as the temperature was reduced. More recently, evidence from a number of laboratories has cast doubt on the existence of a simple H1-H2 receptor transition, but there is abundant evidence that there are major changes in the response of a variety of smooth muscle preparations to histamine at reduced temperatures. The evidence in regard to alterations in histamine response at low temperatures is reviewed, some new evidence presented, and a model which is consistent with most of the observations is suggested. AUCook DA; Krueger CA; Michalchuk A EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p751-5 MJMuscle, Smooth; Receptors, Histamine; Temperature MNChlorpheniramine /PD; Colon /PH; Guinea Pigs; Histamine /PD; Ileum /PH; Metiamide /PD; Muscle Contraction /DE MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN91-84-9 (Pyrilamine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002062 TIThe binding of [3H]mepyramine to histamine H1 receptors in monkey brain. ABSeveral laboratories have reported ligand binding studies using radioactive histamine H1 antagonists to label the H1 receptors in mammalian brain. We have extended these studies to a detailed examination of the binding of [3H]mepyramine to monkey brain and have shown that the distribution is similar to that in man, with specific binding sites being concentrated in the frontal cortex with relatively low binding to the pons and basal ganglia. The binding shows a single saturable component with a KD of about 1 nM and a Hill plot slope close to unity. These observations are the same for all structures tested. Comparison with data from other laboratories suggests that in this species, the histamine receptor is the same as that in peripheral tissues. From Ki values for various ligands and comparison of KD estimates in other species, the receptor seems to be essentially identical to the H1 receptor in central and peripheral tissues of the guinea pig and also to that in human brain. The rat and possibly the dog have minor differences from the monkey in terms of KD values for [3H]mepyramine binding. AUBielkiewicz B; Cook DA EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p756-9 MJAminopyridines; Brain; Pyrilamine; Receptors, Histamine H1; Receptors, Histamine MNAnthropoidea; Kinetics MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN102-02-3 (phenyl biguanide); 15826-37-6 (Disodium Cromoglycate); 404-86-4 (Capsaicin); 51-55-8 (Atropine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002063 TIMechanisms of action of sodium cromoglycate. ABThe effects of sodium cromoglycate (SCG) on cardiovascular and pulmonary responses to phenylbiguanide, capsaicin, and vagal stimulation were studied in anesthetized guinea pigs. Phenylbiguanide had no bronchospastic activity but induced reflex changes in arterial blood pressure which were reduced or abolished by SCG. Capsaicin induced nonreflex bronchospasm, and decreases in arterial blood pressure that were unaffected by SCG. Sodium cromoglycate, given before or after atropine, had no effect on the bronchospasm and cardiovascular responses to unilateral or bilateral stimulation of the vagus nerves. We conclude that SCG may influence both the afferent and efferent pathways of responses to drugs. AUBiggs DF; Goel V EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p760-5 MJDisodium Cromoglycate MNAtropine /PD; Biguanides /PD; Blood Pressure /DE; Capsaicin /PD; Electric Stimulation; Guinea Pigs; Injections, Intravenous; Lung Compliance /DE; Pulmonary Circulation /DE; Vagus Nerve /PH; Vascular Resistance /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-45-6 (Histamine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002064 TIQuantitative determination of histamine metabolites by capillary gas chromatography. ABA method using capillary gas chromatography is described for the determination of histamine and eight of its basic and acid metabolites in a single biological sample of serum, urine, or gastric juice. Ion-exchange chromatography and extraction with organic solvents are used for isolation and purification, and gas chromatography for identification and quantitation. The heptafluorobutyryl derivatives of histamine and some basic metabolites are compatible with nitrogen-phosphorus and electron capture detection modes and offer an excellent sensitivity (detection limit 0.1 pmol with electron capture). The acid metabolites are quantitated after esterification. The linearity range, the sensitivity, a partial study of reproducibility and typical chromatograms show that the method is adaptable to a variety of applications. AUNavert H; Berube R ; Wollin A EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p766-72 MJHistamine MNChromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Gastric Juice /AN; Histamine /BL /UR MTHuman RNEC 1.1.1.21 (Aldose Reductase); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 68367-52-2 (sorbinil); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002065 TIResistance of the diabetic rat nerve to ischemic inactivation. ABThe resistance of the action potential to ischemic inactivation observed in diabetic patients has been reproduced in vivo in rat rendered diabetic with streptozotocin and, acutely, in normal rats given p.o. a load of glucose. The resistance phenomenon was not detected in galactosemic rats. The preservation of the action potential was reversed by the administration of insulin, but not by treatment with an aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor. The ischemic resistance is attributed to the metabolic availability of excess glucose to the nerve. AR does not appear to be involved in the phenomenon. AUJaramillo J; Simard-Duquesne N; Dvornik D EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p773-7 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Neuropathies; Neural Conduction MNAction Potentials /DE; Aldose Reductase /ME; Blood Glucose /ME; Body Temperature; Galactosemia /PP; Glucose /PD; Imidazoles /PD; Insulin /PD; Ischemia /PP; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal RN1131-64-2 (Debrisoquin); 537-46-2 (Methamphetamine); 93-30-1 (methoxyphenamine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002066 TIMethoxyphenamine metabolism in rat models of human debrisoquine phenotypes. ABThe metabolism of the beta 2-adrenoceptor agent methoxyphenamine was investigated in rats of the Lewis and Dark Agouti strains, which are proposed models for human extensive and poor metabolizers of debrisoquine, respectively. Following oral ingestion of 20 mg kg-1 of methoxyphenamine, Dark Agouti excreted, on the average, significantly more methoxyphenamine and less O-demethylmethoxyphenamine and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine in 0- to 24-h urine than Lewis. In contrast, the N-demethylation of methoxyphenamine showed no interphenotype differences between the two strains. It is possible that in rats, the form of cytochrome P-450, which controls the 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine, may also control the O-demethylation and aromatic 5-hydroxylation of methoxyphenamine. AURoy SD; Hawes EM; McKay G; Hubbard JW; Midha KK EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p778-81 MJDebrisoquin; Isoquinolines; Methamphetamine MNMethamphetamine /ME; Models, Biological; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenotype; Rats, Inbred LEW; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002067 TIHindlimb vascular responses to sympathetic augmentation during acute anemia. ABThe effect of increased sympathetic activity on skeletal muscle blood flow during acute anemic hypoxia was studied in 16 anesthetized dogs. Sympathetic activity was altered by clamping the carotid arteries bilaterally below the carotid sinus. One group (n = 8) was beta blocked by administration of propranolol (1 mg/kg); a second group (n = 8) was untreated. Venous outflow from the left hindlimb was isolated for measurement of blood flow and O2 uptake (VO2). After a 20-min control period, both carotid arteries were clamped (CC) for 20 min followed by a 20-min recovery period. The sequence was repeated after hematocrit was lowered to about 15% by dextran exchange for blood. Prior to anemia, CC did not alter cardiac output or limb blood flow in either group. After induction of anemia, hindlimb resistance was higher with CC in the beta block than in the no block group. Both limb blood flow and VO2 fell in the beta-block group with CC during anemia. Beta block also prevented the additive increases in whole body VO2 seen with CC and induction of anemia. The data showed that the increased vasoconstrictor tone that was obtained with beta block during anemia was successful in redistributing the lower viscosity blood away from resting skeletal muscle, even to the point that muscle VO2 was decreased. AUCain SM; Chapler CK EM8601 IDHL 14693 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p782-6 MJAnemia; Muscles; Sympathetic Nervous System MNAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /PD; Blood Gas Analysis; Cardiac Output /DE; Dogs; Hematocrit; Hindlimb /BS; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Regional Blood Flow; Stroke Volume /DE; Time Factors; Vascular Resistance /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002068 TIEffects of coronary sinus pressure elevation on coronary blood flow distribution in dogs with normal preload. ABCoronary sinus pressure (Pcs) elevation shifts the diastolic coronary pressure-flow relation (PFR) of the entire left ventricular myocardium to a higher pressure intercept. This finding suggests that Pcs is one determinant of zero-flow pressure (Pzf) and challenges the existence of a vascular waterfall mechanism in the coronary circulation. To determine whether coronary sinus or tissue pressure is the effective coronary back pressure in different layers of the left ventricular myocardium, the effect of increasing Pcs was studied while left ventricular preload was low. PFRs were determined experimentally by graded constriction of the circumflex coronary artery while measuring flow using a flowmeter. Transmural myocardial blood flow distribution was studied (15-micron radioactive spheres) at steady state, during maximal coronary artery vasodilatation at three points on the linear portion of the circumflex PFR both at low and high diastolic Pcs (7 +/- 3 vs. 22 +/- 5 mmHg; p less than 0.0001) (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa). In the uninstrumented anterior wall the blood flow measurements were obtained in triplicate at the two Pcs levels. From low to high Pcs, mean aortic (98 +/- 23 mmHg) and left atrial (5 +/- 3 mmHg) pressure, percent diastolic time (49 +/- 7%), percent left ventricular wall thickening (32 +/- 4%), and percent myocardial lactate extraction (15 +/- 12%) were not significantly changed. Increasing Pcs did not alter the slope of the PFR; however, the Pzf increased in the subepicardial layer (p less than 0.0001), whereas in the subendocardial layer Pzf did not change significantly. Similar slopes and Pzf were observed for the PFR of both total myocardial mass and subepicardial region at low and high Pcs. Subendocardial:subepicardial blood flow ratios increased for each set of measurements when Pcs was elevated (p less than 0.0001), owing to a reduction of subepicardial blood flow; however, subendocardial blood flow remained unchanged, while starting in the subepicardium toward midmyocardium blood flow decreased at high Pcs. This pattern was similar for the uninstrumented anterior wall as well as in the posterior wall. Thus as Pcs increases it becomes the effective coronary back pressure with decreasing magnitude from the subepicardium toward the subendocardium of the left ventricle. Assuming that elevating Pcs results in transmural elevation in coronary venous pressure, these findings support the hypothesis of a differential intramyocardial waterfall mechanism with greater subendo- than subepi-cardial tissue pressure. AURouleau JR; White M EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p787-97 MJBlood Pressure; Coronary Circulation MNBlood Pressure /DE; Coronary Circulation /DE; Coronary Vessels /PH; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Microspheres; Potassium Chloride /PD; Vasodilation /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.13.12. (Mixed Function Oxidases); 9035-37-4 (Cytochrome b); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002069 TIEffect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the microsomal monooxygenase system of rat liver. ABThe effect of acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, naproxen, phenylbutazone, and salicylic acid on the microsomal oxidative drug metabolism of rat liver was studied. Pretreatment of the rats with pharmacologic doses of acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, and ketoprofen decreased both the demethylase and hydroxylase activities of rat liver microsomes. These effects were paralleled by decreases in microsomal cytochrome P-450 content. The rate of the microsomal reactions was increased after pretreatment with ibuprofen and naproxen but only the former increased the concentration of cytochrome P-450. Phenylbutazone and salicylic acid had no in vivo effect on the hepatic monooxygenase. The addition of 1 mM of ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, naproxen, and phenylbutazone to rat liver microsomes inhibit both the aminopyrine N-demethylase and p-nitro-anisole O-demethylase activities. The extent of the inhibition varied between 21 and 73% of the control incubation. Indomethacin, naproxen, and phenylbutazone also decreased the aniline hydroxylase activity to roughly 60% of the control value. Acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid had no in vitro effect on the microsomal monooxygenase. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs produced a reverse type I binding spectrum with oxidized cytochrome P-450; indomethacin and phenylbutazone were the strongest ligands. There is no correlation between the effect of addition of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to the hepatic microsomal homogenate and their in vivo effect on the monooxygenase activity. AUBelanger PM ; Atitse-Gbeassor A EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p798-803 MJAnti-Inflammatory Agents; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxidases MNCytochrome P-450 /ME; Cytochrome b /ME; Protein Binding; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002070 TIThe effect of lidocaine on lysophosphatidylcholine-induced cardiac arrhythmias and cellular disturbances. ABThe production of arrhythmias in the isolated heart by perfusion with lysophosphatidylcholine has been well documented. However, the role of the lysophospholipid as a physiological factor in the generation of cardiac arrhythmias is not clear. In this study, a pharmacological approach was used to delineate the physiological significance of lysophosphatidylcholine during this cardiac dysfunction. Lidocaine (5-20 mg/L) was found to be effective in the protection of the isolated rat heart from the lysophospholipid-induced arrhythmias at pharmacological concentrations. The effect of lidocaine in the protection of lysophospholipid-induced membrane dysfunction was studied with red blood cells. Lidocaine (2 mg/mL) protected red blood cells from hemolysis in the presence of lysophosphatidylcholine. Lidocaine did not inhibit the binding of the lysophospholipid to the red cell membrane, but inhibited hemolysis in a manner similar to cholesterol. The results are consistent with the postulate that lysophosphatidylcholine is a physiological factor in the pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmias during myocardial ischemia. AUNeufeld KJ; Lederman CL; Choy PC; Man RY EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p804-8 MJArrhythmia; Lidocaine; Lysophosphatidylcholines /TO MNAlbumins /PD; Arrhythmia /PC /PP; Cell Membrane /DE; Cholesterol /PD; Electrocardiography; Erythrocyte Membrane /ME; Hemolysis /DE; Lysophosphatidylcholines /AI; Rats; Ventricular Fibrillation /BL MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002071 TIVery low density lipoprotein binding to cultured aortic endothelium. ABBecause of very low density lipoprotein's (VLDL) potential atherogenicity and the demonstration that VLDL can bind to other cells, we examined the interaction of human VLDL with cultured porcine aortic endothelium. The lipoprotein-cell interaction had many properties similar to those seen with the binding of a ligand to a cell surface receptor. It was time and temperature dependent, saturable, and reversible. Scatchard analysis of competition data suggested that there may be more than one class of binding site. The affinity of the low affinity site was similar to that for low density lipoprotein (LDL). Also, the capacity of endothelial cells to bind VLDL was similar to that for LDL, when related to apo B (i.e., particle) concentration. Not only was unlabelled VLDL able to compete for VLDL binding sites, but so was LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL). The maximal competition either by LDL or by HDL was less than that by VLDL. The maximal competition by HDL was more than by LDL. The VLDL binding was dependent on Ca2+. It was not changed by the content of lipoprotein in the medium in which cells were grown prior to the binding studies. These observations suggest that VLDL binding to endothelial cells is similar in some respects, but not in all, to the binding of LDL. Comparison of the data with endothelial cells to previous data with adipocytes also indicated differences between the interaction of these two cell types with VLDL. It is possible that this binding process may be involved in the formation of atherogenic remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins on the endothelial surface of large blood vessels. AUDesai KS; Gotlieb AI; Steiner G EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p809-15 MJAorta; Lipoproteins, VLDL MNBinding, Competitive; Calcium /PD; Cells, Cultured; Endothelium /ME; Iodine Radioisotopes /DU; Kinetics; Lipoproteins, LDL /ME; Protein Binding; Swine; Temperature; Time Factors MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN487-79-6 (Kainic Acid); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002072 TIEffect of paraventricular nucleus lesions on cardiovascular responses elicited by stimulation of the subfornical organ in the rat. ABIt has recently been reported that stimulation of the region of the subfornical organ (SFO) elicits an increase in arterial pressure. However, the mechanisms and forebrain neural circuitry that are involved in this cardiovascular response have not been elucidated. The present study was done in urethane-anaesthetized rats to determine whether selective activation of SFO neurons elicit cardiovascular responses and whether these responses were mediated by a pathway involving the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Stimulation sites which required the lowest threshold current (30 microA) to elicit a pressor response and at which the largest rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP; 22 +/- 2 mmHg) was elicited at a constant current intensity (150 microA) were histologically localized in the region of the SFO. Short (mean peak latency; 4 +/- 2 s) and long (mean peak latency; 61 +/- 8 s) latency increases in MAP were observed during and after electrical stimulation of the SFO, respectively. Cardiac slowing accompanied the short latency pressor response and cardioacceleration was observed in most (57%) of the cases to accompany the late pressor response. Microinjection of L-glutamate into the SFO consistently elicited cardiovascular responses qualitatively similar to those observed during electrical stimulation. Ganglionic blockade abolished the short latency increase in MAP and the accompanying bradycardia. However, the long latency pressor and cardioacceleratory responses were not altered by ganglionic blockade and adrenalectomy. Selective bilateral electrolytic or kainic acid lesions of the region of the PVH significantly attenuated the cardiovascular responses elicited by stimulation of the SFO. These data suggest that activation of neurons in the SFO elicit cardiovascular responses partially mediated by sympathetic outflow through a neural pathway involving the PVH. AUGutman MB; Ciriello J; Mogenson GJ EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p816-24 MJCardiovascular System; Neurosecretory Systems; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus /PH; Subfornical Organ MNAdrenalectomy; Catecholamines /ME; Electric Stimulation; Ganglionic Blockaders /PD; Glutamates /PD; Kainic Acid /PD; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus /AH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002073 TIMeasurements of transmitter action: the problem of voltage dependence. ABConventional intracellular recordings, from central mammalian neurones, are used to assess the actions of putative transmitters on neuronal membrane parameters such as input conductance and to determine reversal potentials. Ohm's Law and constant current methods can be employed to accurately assess such parameters provided the putative transmitter activates a voltage-independent response. However, several likely transmitter candidates act via voltage-dependent mechanisms to alter neuronal excitability; as a consequence, results from this method of analysis must be cautiously interpreted. Under this constraint of possible voltage dependence, constant current methods can lead to spurious conclusions about the physiological and pharmacological characterization of the response. AUMacDonald JF EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p825-30 MJNeurons; Neuroregulators MNAspartic Acid /PD; Calcium /PH; Cells, Cultured; Membrane Potentials /DE; Mice; Spinal Cord /PH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN4368-28-9 (Tetrodotoxin); 56-12-2 (GABA); 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 76-74-4 (Pentobarbital) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002074 TIEnhanced neuronal K+ conductance: a possible common mechanism for sedative-hypnotic drug action. ABIt is commonly thought that central nervous system depressant drugs exert their actions through enhancement of gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA)-mediated mechanisms. Recently, the cellular electrophysiological evidence from this laboratory and others suggests that both sedative hypnotics and general anaesthetics inhibit central neurons by increasing potassium conductance (GK). We have utilized the mammalian in vitro hippocampal and cerebellar slice preparations at 34-36 degrees C. Intracellular recordings from CA1, CA3, and cerebellar Purkinje cells were obtained. Low dose (sedative) concentrations of ethanol (less than or equal to 20 mM), two different benzodiazepines (midazolam and clonazepam in low nanomolar concentrations), and pentobarbital (10(-6) to 10(-4) M) were applied by pressure ejection or were bath perfused. All drugs caused a hyperpolarization with decreased spontaneous activity, and enhanced post spike afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs). These long-lasting AHPs are presumably due to enhanced calcium-mediated GK. Increased responsiveness to focally applied GABA was only seen at higher doses (ethanol, 100 mM; midazolam, 10(-7) M; pentobarbital, 10(-4) M). These data suggest that the above neurodepressant drugs, when applied at sedative doses to hippocampal pyramidal cells, enhance GK and not the actions of GABA. AUCarlen PL; Gurevich N; Davies MF; Blaxter TJ; O'Beirne M EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p831-7 MJHypnotics and Sedatives; Neural Conduction; Potassium MNAlcohol, Ethyl /PD; Benzodiazepine Tranquilizers /PD; Calcium /PH; Cattle; GABA /PH; Hippocampus /PH; Membrane Potentials /DE; Pentobarbital /PD; Purkinje Cells /DE; Tetrodotoxin /PD MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-84-3 (Acetylcholine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002075 TIModulation of inhibition in the hippocampus in vivo. ABThe nature and mechanisms of septohippocampal transmission have been elucidated by taking advantage of an in situ preparation in experiments with Sprague-Dawley rats under urethane. Both extracellular field potentials and intracellular recordings were made in CA1-3 regions of the hippocampus; and the hippocampal commissure and medial septum stimulated to evoke synaptic activity. Using muscarinic and nicotinic agonists and antagonists it was shown that both acetylcholine and medial septal activity can increase the excitability of pyramidal cells, mainly through muscarinic receptors. The effect of septal stimulation was enhanced by local application of physostigmine and reduced by intraventricular injections of hemicholinium. It was also shown that acetylcholine, when applied in the stratum pyramidale, can reduce the voltage and conductance changes observed during evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP) without affecting the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid on membrane conductance and voltage. It is therefore proposed that acetylcholine can reduce evoked IPSPs through presynaptic inhibition. Evidence is also presented that medial septal stimulation can reduce the efficacy of evoked IPSPs. These observations provide further support for the existence of a cholinergic septohippocampal pathway. AURopert N EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p838-42 MJHippocampus; Neural Inhibition MNAcetylcholine /PH; Neural Transmission; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal RN543-38-4 (Canavanine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002076 TIEffects of L-canavanine on immune function in normal and autoimmune mice: disordered B-cell function by a dietary amino acid in the immunoregulation of autoimmune disease. ABThis study reports the effects in vitro and in vivo of L-canavanine (LCN), an amino acid found in commonly consumed legumes, on immune function in normal and autoimmune mice. L-Canavanine in high doses effectively blocks all DNA synthesis in vitro within 24 h. At lower doses, LCN affects B-cell function of autoimmune New Zealand Black/New Zealand White (NZB/NZW)F1 mice, inhibiting [3H]thymidine incorporation in response to B-cell mitogens, and pokeweed-induced intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin synthesis. LCN stimulates intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin (IgG greater than IgM). T-cell functions such as lymphoproliferation in response to concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin and T-cell cytotoxicity are not affected. Suppression of the lipopolysaccharide response by LCN is removed by the addition of fresh B cells. Addition of the amino acid to mouse diet resulted in a decrease in the life-span of the autoimmune NZB and (NZB X NZW)F1 mice and abolished the protective effect of male sex on their survival. The decrease in survival in LCN-treated autoimmune mice correlated with an increase in spontaneous immunoglobulin-secreting cells (IgG greater than IgM) and antinuclear and double-stranded DNA antibodies. The histopathological analyses revealed increased glomerular damage and immunoglobulin deposition in the kidneys of the LCN-treated autoimmune and normal (DBA/2) mice. Ten percent of normal mice developed high titers of autoantibodies after 24 weeks of the diet. These data suggest a dietary amino acid, L-canavanine, affects B-cell function resulting in autoimmune phenomena and providing a new animal model of autoimmunity, a diet-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. AUPrete PE EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p843-54 MJAutoimmune Diseases; B Lymphocytes /IM; Canavanine MNB Lymphocytes /DE; Cell Nucleus /IM; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; DNA /IM; Immunoglobulins /BI; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice; Mitogens /PD; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN9007-58-3 (Elastin) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002077 TIOrganization of medial elastin at aortic junctions in sheep and lambs. ABAortas from four sheep and three fetal lambs were fixed at physiological pressure in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The regions with branches were serially sectioned in either cross or longitudinal section at 7-micron intervals and stained for elastin with Gomori-aldehyde-fuchsin. A large model of one aortointercostal junction was made from Plexiglas to show that bundles of elastin appeared to be continuous from the aorta into the branch. These bundles were then studied from large photomicrographs of the other junctions. At the intercostals and lumbars, the elastin lamellae ran continuously from the outer third of the media into the branch. There was often an added ╥pad╙ of elastin and other acellular material on the flow divider (distal lip). The large muscular branches which arose from the abdominal aorta have much less elastin than the intercostals. In them the aortic elastin appears to merge into a raphe on the proximal and lateral sides of the junction, with a very abrupt transition. A ╥tongue╙ of muscle from the branch often penetrated into the media of the aorta distally. Occasionally a small acellular cap was seen on the apex of the flow divider. There were few significant differences between the lambs and the sheep, probably because embryologically the arteries develop very early. The proximal and distal lips of all junctions were easily distinguished from each other, and the small and large branches were also different. We suspect these regions may respond differently to pressure, but we did not test this hypothesis. AUvan Baardwijk C; Barwick SE; Roach MR EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p855-62 MJAorta, Thoracic; Elastin MNAge Factors; Fetus; Intercostal Muscles /BS; Kidney /BS; Pregnancy; Sheep MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-67-9 (Serotonin); 6912-86-3 (Tryptophan) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002078 TIThe effect of tryptophan on biogenic amines in the hepatic portal circulation of the dog. ABMongrel dogs were fitted with indwelling hepatic portal catheters. After recovery from surgery, experiments were conducted in fasting, unrestrained, fully conscious, normal dogs which were accustomed to handling and withdrawal of blood samples. L-Tryptophan, a specific serotonin precursor, was injected into a saphenous vein, 10 microM/kg body weight, dissolved in saline. Plasma serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were determined by radioenzymatic assays in blood samples withdrawn at frequent intervals for 2 h, simultaneously from the indwelling catheter and from a catheter temporarily inserted into a saphenous vein other than the one used for the injection of tryptophan. The injection of the amino acid caused a significant elevation of the concentration of platelet-free serotonin within 60 min and this was accompanied by a reduction in the concentration of the catecholamines, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. The changes occurred only in the portal circulation and were not detected in peripheral blood samples. The results of these experiments indicate the existence of a cause and effect related interdependence between the splanchnic serotonergic and adrenergic systems in that the tryptophan-stimulated increase in serotonergic activity resulted in a concomitant reduction in gut adrenergic activity. AUHussain MN; Sirek A; Cukerman E; Sirek OV EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p863-6 MJBiogenic Amines; Tryptophan MNCatecholamines /BL; Dogs; Liver Circulation; Portal Vein /ME; Serotonin /BL; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN13549-60-5 (H35-25); 23031-25-6 (Terbutaline); 299-42-3 (Ephedrine); 34368-04-2 (Dobutamine); 37350-58-6 (Metoprolol); 59-42-7 (Phenylephrine); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002079 TIAction of agonists and antagonists on adrenergic receptors in isolated porcine coronary arteries. ABThe adrenergic receptors of porcine coronary arteries were investigated in helically cut strips of small (less than or equal to 0.5 mm outer-diameter (od), medium (0.8-1.2 mm od), large (1.5-2.5 mm od), and very large (greater than 4 mm od) coronary arteries. Both the beta1 agonist dobutamine and the beta2 agonist terbutaline relaxed coronary arteries partially contracted by 25 mM of KCl. Dobutamine contracted small coronary arteries at 10(-5) M concentrations, then relaxed them at 10(-4) M. The beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist metoprolol contracted coronary arteries relaxed by either dobutamine or terbutaline, but the beta2 antagonist H35/25 did so only in high and probably nonselective concentrations. Alpha1-adrenoreceptor stimulating concentrations of phenylephrine did not contract any of the arteries. Metoprolol and high concentrations of H35/25 further contracted large coronary arteries partially contracted by 25 mM potassium. These contractions were blocked by verapamil and papaverine but not by atropine, phentolamine, yohimbine, mepyramine, or methysergide. This seems to indicate that beta-adrenergic receptors in porcine coronary arteries are beta1-receptors, or closely resemble beta1-receptors. They differ from many other beta1-receptors, however, in that they are stimulated by terbutaline. Alpha1 adrenoreceptors seem not to be present in these porcine coronary arteries to a significant extent. Metoprolol and high concentrations of H35/25 have a direct contractile effect in large porcine coronary artery that is not mediated by alpha-adrenergic, muscarinic, histaminergic, or serotonergic receptors but requires verapamil-sensitive calcium. AUHorst MA; Robinson CP EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p867-71 MJMuscle, Smooth, Vascular; Receptors, Adrenergic MNAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /PD; Coronary Vessels /DE; Dobutamine /PD; Ephedrine /AA /PD; Metoprolol /PD; Muscle Contraction /DE; Phenylephrine /PD; Potassium Chloride /PD; Swine; Terbutaline /PD MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002080 TIInhibitory processes of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons following kindling-induced epilepsy in the rat. ABTo determine the alterations in cellular function which may contribute to the chronic predisposition of neuronal tissue to epileptiform activity, the membrane properties and inhibitory processes of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells were investigated using in vitro slices prepared from commissural-kindled rats. No changes were observed in resting membrane potential, input resistance, spike amplitude, and membrane time constant of ╥kindled╙ CA1 pyramidal neurons when compared with controls. There were also no differences between control and kindled preparations in the amplitude of recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP) and in the duration of inhibition produced by either alvear (Alv) or stratum radiatum (SR) stimulation. Irrespective of group, repetitive stimulation of the Alv reduced the amplitude of the recurrent IPSP but failed to induce seizurelike activity. On the other hand, repetitive stimulation of SR frequently produced a neuronal burst discharge even though the duration and to some extent the amplitude of orthodromic inhibition was increased. On the basis of these data, it may be suggested that chronic changes in CA1 pyramidal cell membrane properties and transient reductions of inhibitory processes do not underlie the enhanced sensitivity of these neurons to seizure activity associated with kindling. AUOliver MW; Miller JJ EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p872-8 MJEpilepsy; Hippocampus; Kindling (Neurology); Pyramidal Tracts MNElectric Stimulation; Membrane Potentials; Neural Inhibition; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN10549-76-5 (tetrabutylammonium); 7440-24-6 (Strontium); 7440-39-3 (Barium); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002081 TIExcitation-contraction coupling in crab muscle fibers with swollen T tubules. ABSingle crab (Callinectes danae) fibers were equilibrated with isotonic, high KCl solutions and were subsequently returned to the control saline. This caused marked swelling of the T tubules. Fibers treated with 100 mM KCl had a 2.5-mV residual depolarization, a 50% decrease in effective membrane resistance (Reff) and a 75% reduction in membrane time constant (tau m). These fibers exhibited large increases in membrane conductance upon depolarization and were inexcitable; membrane depolarization with current pulses elicited no contraction. The effects of the KCl treatment on membrane properties were not reproduced by treatment with high potassium gluconate solutions, which did not cause tubular swelling. Tetrabutylammonium (10 mM) or Ba ions (10-20 mM), but not tetraethylammonium (40-100 mM), Sr ions (15-70 mM), or procaine (1-8 mM) reversed the effects of the KCl treatment on Reff, tau m, membrane excitability, and excitation-contraction coupling. The time course of the Ba effects was consistent with the suggestion that the KCl treatment increases the K conductance of the tubular membranes, which in turn prevents the activation of voltage-dependent Ca channels located in the membranes of the T system. This results in inhibition of the Ca-dependent electrogenesis and consequently, the absence of contraction upon depolarization of the plasma membrane. AULeal-Cardoso JH; Suarez-Kurtz G EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p879-85 MJCrabs; Muscles MNAmmonium Compounds /PD; Barium /PD; Ion Channels /DE; Membrane Potentials /DE; Muscle Contraction /DE; Muscles /UL; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents /PD; Potassium Chloride /PD; Strontium /PD; Tetraethylammonium Compounds /PD MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN6899-04-3 (Glutamine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002082 TIRenal extraction of glutamine from plasma and whole blood: studies in dogs and rats. ABThe change in plasma and blood cell pools of L-glutamine during a single pass through the kidney was studied in dogs and rats. It was shown that the glutamine content of blood cells does not change following one passage through the renal vascular bed in normal or acidotic dogs. Furthermore, an infusion of L-glutamine elevating by 10-fold the plasma concentration of this amino acid only minimally changed the blood cells' glutamine content. Therefore within the time frame of acute experiments, the dog blood cells can be assumed to be impermeable to glutamine in vivo. Accordingly, renal glutamine extraction can be measured using either whole blood or plasma arteriovenous difference in this species. However, the latter value is larger and therefore can be measured more accurately. In normal rats, no net renal glutamine extraction is measured. In contrast, a considerable renal glutamine uptake occurs in acidotic rats, 23% of the extracted glutamine coming from the blood cell pool. A load of glutamine in vivo significantly elevates both the plasma and the blood cell concentration. It is concluded (i) that the renal extraction of glutamine is best estimated using plasma arteriovenous difference in the dog, especially when the renal extraction is small; (ii) that whole blood measurements should be obtained in the rat. AUVinay P; Khoury N; Soowamber M; Gougoux A EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p886-92 MJGlutamine; Kidney MNAcidosis /BL; Dogs; Erythrocytes /ME; Plasma /ME; Rats; Sheep; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002083 TIPhysiologic modulations of the systolic time intervals in the fetal lamb. ABTo examine the modulation of fetal systolic time intervals of the ovine fetus in relation to fetal maturation, heart rate, respiratory activity, and circadian rhythm, studies were carried out on 13 fetal-maternal sheep preparations. The data obtained showed that there was a significant correlation between the ejection time (ET) and the RR intervals of the electrocardiogram. The pre-ejection period (PEP) and PEP/ET increased in relation to the fetal maturation (38 ms and 0.25 at 120 days to 52 ms and 0.33 at 145 days of gestation, respectively). When the circadian rhythmicity was analyzed, a relative tachycardia was in evidence during the 21- to 03-h period but systolic time intervals remained unchanged. Except for some tachycardia and cardiac rhythm variability, respiratory activity also had no influence on the systolic time intervals. AUDe Muylder X; Fouron JC; Bard H; Lafond JS EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p893-7 MJFetal Heart; Fetus; Heart Rate MNCircadian Rhythm; Myocardial Contraction; Pregnancy; Respiration; Sheep; Systole; Trachea /PH MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-84-3 (Acetylcholine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002084 TIAcetylcholine supersensitivity in the rat heart produced by neonatal sympathectomy. ABEffects of neonatal sympathectomy with antiserum to nerve growth factor or 6-hydroxydopamine on the acetylcholine sensitivity of the rat left atria were investigated. Sensitivities to acetylcholine of atria from immunologically and chemically sympathectomized rats were much higher than that of control at 4 weeks of age. These results suggest possible involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in regulation of cardiac cholinergic sensitivity. AUIshii K; Ishii N; Shigenobu K; Kasuya Y EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p898-9 MJAcetylcholine; Animals, Newborn; Heart; Sympathectomy MNDepression, Chemical; Mice; Myocardial Contraction /DE MTAnimal; In Vitro IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002085 TIMedicine and journalism [letter] AUWoods D EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p629 MJWriting IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002086 TISearching for a scientific writing style [editorial] AUMorgan PP EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p632-3 MJWriting RN8002-80-0 (Gluten) IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002087 TIGluten in pills [letter] AUKroghC EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p636 MJDrugs; Gluten IS0008-4409 LAFrench JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002088 TI[Cost of drugs for whiplash caused by traffic accidents (letter)] AUBouchard HL; Favreau G TT[Cout des medicaments pour entorse vertebral subie lors d'un accident de la route.] EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p636-7 MJInsurance, Health, Reimbursement; Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services; Whiplash Injuries /EC MNAdult; France; Middle Age; Whiplash Injuries /DT MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002089 TIEvaluation of sponging to reduce body temperature [letter] AUKlimek EH EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p638 MJFever MNBody Temperature; Child; Methods MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002090 TIAbdominal pain and weight loss in a patient with well controlled diabetes [letter] AULycka B EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p638-9 MJBlood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetic Neuropathies MNAbdomen; Pain; Peripheral Nerve Diseases /BL; Spinal Nerve Roots MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002091 TIPreventive care in family practice [letter] AUMcAuley RG; Seidelman WE EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p639 MJBlood Pressure Determination; Family Practice; Preventive Health Services MNAdult; Aged; Canada; Middle Age MTHuman; Male IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002092 TIDiuretic-induced hypokalemia in hypertension [letter] AULogan AG; Larochelle P EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p639-40 MJDiuretics; Hypertension; Hypokalemia MNDiuretics /TU; Hypokalemia /PC MTHuman RN446-86-6 (Azathioprine); 83-43-2 (Methylprednisolone) IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002093 TISteroid use in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [letter] AUBegin P EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p640-1 MJAzathioprine; Methylprednisolone; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carinii MNDrug Therapy, Combination MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002094 TIAbsenteeism among hospital staff during influenza epidemic [letter] AUFralick RA EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p641 MJAbsenteeism; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Hospitals, Chronic Disease; Hospitals, Special; Influenza; Personnel, Hospital MNCanada; Influenza /TM MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002095 TIFaith in healing [letter] AUParsons WB EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p642 MJPatients; Physician-Patient Relations MTHuman RN0 (DTP vaccine) IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002096 TIFractional doses of DPT vaccine [letter] AUWassilak S; Brink EW EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p642 MJDiphtheria Toxoid; Pertussis Vaccine; Tetanus Toxoid MNDiphtheria Toxoid /IM; Drug Combinations /AD /IM; Pertussis Vaccine /IM; Tetanus Toxoid /IM MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002097 TISexual medicine [letter] EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p643-4 MJSex; Specialties, Medical MNCounseling; Sex Disorders /TH MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002098 TIGeneric drug names: deliberate mouthful? [letter] AUDoyle DJ EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p644 MJDrug Labeling MNNomenclature IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002099 TIOccult blood screening of Canadians: wise or unwise? AUSimon JB EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p647-9 MJColonic Neoplasms /PC; Mass Screening; Occult Blood; Rectal Neoplasms /PC MNCanada; Colonic Neoplasms /EC; Costs and Cost Analysis; Mass Screening /EC; Rectal Neoplasms /EC MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002100 TIFactors influencing early diagnosis of cancer of the oral cavity. ABFactors associated with stage at time of diagnosis and with interval between recognition of the first symptom and histologic diagnosis were assessed in a consecutive series of patients with primary epithelial tumours of the oral cavity. Of the 160 patients 55% had stage I or II disease. The proportion was significantly higher among patients with a high socioeconomic status, those with low levels of alcohol consumption and those who regularly received dental care. The interval between recognition of the first symptom and diagnosis was not significantly related to these factors, but it was shorter for the men. These relations were specific to the patients with cancer of the oral cavity, not being seen in those with other head and neck tumours. Dental practitioners are an important source of early diagnosis of oral cavity cancers. The impact of the disease might thus be lessened by more regular dental care. AUElwood JM; Gallagher RP EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p651-6 MJMouth Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Dental Care; Marriage; Middle Age; Mouth Neoplasms /PA; Smoking; Social Class; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002101 TISporadic postinfectious neuromyasthenia. ABOutbreaks of epidemic neuromyasthenia have occurred throughout the world for many years, but sporadic cases have only recently been recognized. Fifty consecutive previously well patients with prolonged and excessive fatigue after an apparent acute infection were investigated. Most were well educated, active, unmarried women aged 30 to 40 years. The precipitating infection had many clinical presentations. The chronic phase of the illness was characterized by a fairly common set of symptoms. Physical examination and laboratory testing generally gave normal results. Of the 50 patients 16 were found to be infected with Epstein-Barr virus, 7 with other viruses, 4 with parasites and 2 with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The causative agent was not known in 22 cases. The mean duration of the illness was 27.6 months, and the mean proportion of time lost from work or school was 39%. Drug therapy was not beneficial; supportive therapy was useful. Further investigation is required to determine optimal management of sporadic neuromyasthenia. AUSalit IE EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p659-63 MJInfection; Neurasthenia MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Middle Age; Neurasthenia /PP MTFemale; Human; Male RN15307-86-5 (Diclofenac) IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002102 TIErythema multiforme major following use of diclofenac. AUMorris BA; Remtulla SS EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p665 MJDiclofenac; Erythema Multiforme MNAged MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002103 TIEndometritis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AUMacIntosh OC; Saxon RD EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p667-8 MJEndometritis /ET; Tuberculosis, Female Genital MNAdult; Endometritis /DI; Tuberculosis, Female Genital /DI MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002104 TIStatement on influenza vaccination for the 1985-86 season. EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p671-2 MJInfluenza; Vaccination MNAdolescence; Aged; Canada; Child, Preschool; Child MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002105 TIInfluenza in Canada, 1984-85. AUBollegraaf E EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p672 MJInfluenza MNCanada MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002106 TICan medical paternalism be justified? AUBrown K EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p678-80 MJEthics, Medical; Patient Participation; Physician-Patient Relations MNAdult; Canada; Child; Patient Advocacy MTHuman RN50-36-2 (Cocaine) IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002107 TIThe rising popularity of cocaine: how serious a problem? AUKatz S EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p682-5 MJCocaine; Substance Abuse; Substance Dependence MNCanada; Forecasting MTFemale; Human; Male IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002108 TIDistributing physicians. AUGilmore A EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p689-94 MJPhysicians MNCanada; Medically Underserved Area; Rural Health MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002109 TIBuilding a table: 1 [editorial] AUMorgan PP EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p721 MJWriting IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002110 TICMA's policy summaries [letter] AUGeekie DA EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p723 MJMedical Records; Societies, Medical MNCanada MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002111 TIHypotension during urography in patients taking beta-blockers [letter] EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p724-6 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Hypotension; Urography MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002112 TIThe Eastman prescription: a dispensable package [letter] AUFevang L EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p726 MJDrug Packaging MNCanada; Prescriptions, Drug IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002113 TIThe plow in front of the bull [letter] AUde Bellefeuille P EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p726-7 MJPopulation Control MNPoverty MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002114 TIAge at death: physicians and ministers of religion [letter] EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p727-8 MJClergy; Longevity; Physicians MNAged MTHuman RN24526-64-5 (Nomifensine) IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002115 TINomifensine-induced dyskinesia [letter] AURapp MS EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p728-31 MJDyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Nomifensine MNAged MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002116 TIThe hypocrisy of abortion [letter] AULena SM EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p731 MJAbortion, Legal MNAdolescence; Child; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002117 TITreatment for primary varicose veins [letter] AUBasian H EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p731 MJVaricose Veins /TH MNVaricose Veins /DI MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002118 TISleep disorders in hospital [letter] AUWilson TS EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p731, 734 MJHospitalization; Sleep MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002119 TISmoking and health [letter] AUWatkins JL EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p734 MJChiropractic; Smoking; Societies MNCanada MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002120 TIPassive smoking has no place in the workplace [editorial] AURepace JL EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p737-8 MJAir Pollutants, Occupational; Tobacco Smoke Pollution MNCanada; Occupational Medicine MTHuman RN26787-78-0 (Amoxicillin); 74469-00-4 (BRL 25000) IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002121 TIAmoxicillin-clavulanate (Clavulin). Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society. EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p739 MJAmoxicillin /TU; Bacterial Infections; Clavulanic Acids /TU; Urinary Tract Infections MNAmoxicillin /AE; Child; Clavulanic Acids /AE; Drug Combinations /AE /TU MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002122 TIPediculosis capitis (head lice). Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society. EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p741-2 MJPediculosis /TH MNChild; Pediculosis /DI MTFemale; Human; Male IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002123 TIA syndromic approach to common parasitic diseases. ABStandard textbooks discuss parasitic disease according to specific organisms. In contrast, patients with parasitic infections present to physicians with a variety of clinical manifestations that may involve any of several organ systems and that often mimic nonparasitic diseases. A syndromic approach to the clinical situation may help the physician in considering the most important parasitic agents. Many parasitic infections can be acquired in temperate climates. While often considered tropical or exotic, other parasitic diseases are now seen more frequently in developed countries because of immigration and increased world travel. In this review the clinical syndromes associated with common parasitic diseases in North America are discussed, with an emphasis on risk factors and diagnosis of specific infections. AUShafran SD; Chow AW EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p743-52 MJParasitic Diseases MNCholangitis /DI /ET; Eye Diseases /DI; Fever /DI /ET; Gastrointestinal Diseases /DI; Genital Diseases, Female /DI; Liver Diseases, Parasitic /DI; Lung Diseases, Parasitic; Nervous System Diseases /DI; Skin Diseases, Parasitic /DI; Syndrome; Urologic Diseases /DI MTFemale; Human; Male IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002124 TINew approaches to measuring nausea. ABValid measures of nausea are needed to evaluate the various treatments used to counter the nausea produced by chemotherapy. The overall nausea intensity (ONI) produced by 17 chemotherapy drugs was estimated by 17 physicians and 8 nurses, and 25 patients undergoing chemotherapy described the subjective qualities and ONI of their nausea on a modified form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The scores for the affective and miscellaneous categories of words in the questionnaire were found to correlate significantly with the physicians' and nurses' ONI estimates. The results formed the basis for the Nausea Questionnaire, which provided three indices of nausea: a nausea rating index (NRI), ONI and intensity of nausea according to a visual analogue scale (VAS). All three indices correlated significantly with the physicians' and nurses' ONI estimates and were significantly intercorrelated. All three also provided significant differences when the scores of patients who had received cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil were compared. The results indicate that the Nausea Questionnaire provides three valid indices of the subjective experience of nausea. AUMelzack R; Rosberger Z; Hollingsworth ML; Thirlwell M EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p755-8, 761 MJAntineoplastic Agents; Nausea MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Nausea /DI; Pilot Projects; Questionnaires MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002125 TIRelative costs of specialist services in a family practice population. ABThe frequency and cost of referrals to specialists in March 1984 for 8980 rostered patients attending a family practice clinic located in a teaching hospital were analysed. The patients made 1891 visits to specialists. In all age groups and for all specialties female patients were more likely to be seen. The total direct provider costs were higher for female patients than for male patients. However, costs per patient seen were higher for male patients, except for psychiatry and medicine. Visits to surgeons had the highest total cost, while visits to psychiatrists had the highest cost per patient seen. Of the direct provider costs 61% was for specialist services. The family physician, in the ╥gatekeeper╙ role, has an opportunity to control some of the costs of the health care system by ensuring that the best and most efficient use is made of the referral network. AUNorton PG; Nelson W; Rudner HL; Dunn EV EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p759-61 MJFamily Practice; Physicians; Referral and Consultation; Specialties, Medical MNAdult; Aged; Costs and Cost Analysis; Middle Age; Ontario; Referral and Consultation /UT MTFemale; Human; Male IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002126 TIDisseminated histoplasmosis in a nonendemic area. AUTaylor GD; Fanning EA; Ferguson JP; Jewell LD; Sekhon AS EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p763-5 MJHistoplasmosis /PA MNCanada; Histoplasmosis /OC /TH; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002127 TICutaneous abscess due to Nocardia after ╥alternative╙ therapy for lymphoma. AUTaylor GD; Turner AR EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p767 MJAbscess; Alternative Medicine; Injections, Subcutaneous; Lymphoma; Nocardia Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious MNAdult; Blood Proteins /AD; Self Administration /AE MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002128 TICase of tetanus in British Columbia. AUGauvreau L EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p771 MJTetanus MNAged; British Columbia; Tetanus /TH; Wounds, Penetrating /MI MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002129 TIBotulism in Canada: caribou meat as a source of poisoning? AUHuggins DR EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p774 MJBotulism; Caribou; Meat; Reindeer MNBotulism /OC; Canada; Clostridium Botulinum /IP; Feces /MI MTAnimal; Human IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002130 TIMRC is buying stock in the future. AUWilson J EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p778-80 MJResearch Support MNCanada; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Portraits; Research /HI MCHistorical Article IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002131 TIAnimal rights versus university research. AUGray C EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p781-3,786-90 MJAnimal Welfare; Research MNAnthropoidea; England; Legislation; Organizations; United States MTAnimal IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002132 TIThe debate: animals in laboratories. EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p782-3 MJAnimal Testing Alternatives; Animal Welfare; Research MNCanada; United States; Vivisection MTAnimal IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002133 TIFrom sneakers to vinyl shoes (animal activists). EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p786-7 MJAnimal Welfare; Organizations; Research MNAnimal Testing Alternatives; Canada; United States MTAnimal IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002134 TIUS Medicare facing a difficult future. AUKorcok M EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p791-3 MJHealth Insurance for Aged and Disabled, Title 18 MNAged; Costs and Cost Analysis; Forecasting; Health Insurance for Aged and Disabled, Title 18 /EC; Health Services for the Aged; Population Dynamics; United States MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002135 TIHypnosis: with legitimacy comes questions. AUSwartz J EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p795-6 MJHypnosis MNPsychotherapy MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002136 TISmoking: it's time we stopped moralizing about a health issue. AUWaugh D EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p798-9 MJSmoking; Tobacco Use Disorder MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002137 TIEthics and editors: when should unethical research be published? AUMcDonald A EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p803-5 MJBioethics; Publishing; Research IS0008-4409 LAEnglish; French JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002138 TIDrinking and driving. EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p806A, 806B MJAlcohol Drinking; Automobile Driving; Societies, Medical MNAdult; Canada MTFemale; Human; Male RN59-14-3 (Bromodeoxyuridine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002139 TIDNA damage and cell killing. Cause and effect? ABThe evidence supporting a cause and effect relationship between DNA damage and cell killing is examined in the light of what is currently known about the organization and replication of genomic DNA in eukaryotic cells and the radio-energetics of DNA breakage. A large disparity is identified between characteristic doses for cell killing and for the production of DNA lesions (i.e., single- or double-strand breaks). In contrast, the sensitive phase of the inhibition of DNA synthesis has a dependence on dose quantitatively similar to that of cell killing. A model is developed in which single- and double-strand breaks are associated with the inhibition of replicon initiation, whereas only double-strand breaks are primarily responsible for strand elongation. Furthermore, the model points to the replisome and the region of replicated DNA just downstream from the fork as the locus of radiation action. AUElkind MM EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2351-63 MJCell Nucleus /RE; Cell Survival; DNA /RE MNBromodeoxyuridine /ME; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus /ME; Cricetulus; DNA Repair; DNA Replication; DNA /BI; Genes /RE; Hamsters; Models, Biological; Radiation Dosage MTAnimal; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN15663-27-1 (Cisplatin) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002140 TIHigh-dose intracavitary cisplatin with intravenous thiosulfate. Low incidence of serious neurotoxicity. ABRecent published reports have suggested that cisplatin administered in high doses or in certain combination chemotherapy can cause serious neurotoxicity in a large percentage of patients treated. In several high-dose cisplatin-based intracavitary chemotherapy trials with the simultaneous intravenous administration of sodium thiosulfate, the incidence of clinically relevant neurotoxicity has been extremely low. In addition, several patients with serious preexisting cisplatin-induced neurologic dysfunction were treated without worsening of their clinical condition. It is suggested that thiosulfate might have been responsible for the low incidence of neurotoxicity in this patient population. Further experimental and clinical investigation of the potential of this agent to protect against cisplatin-induced neuropathy appears warranted. AUMarkman M; Cleary S; Pfeifle CE; Howell SB EM8601 IDCA 23100; CA 35309; RR-00827 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2364-8 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined; Nervous System Diseases MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Cisplatin /AD; Ear Diseases /CI; Mesothelioma /DT; Middle Age; Ovarian Neoplasms /DT; Peripheral Nerve Diseases /CI; Peritoneal Cavity; Peritoneal Neoplasms /DT; Pleural Neoplasms /DT; Pleura; Thiosulfates /AD; Vomiting /CI MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN305-03-3 (Chlorambucil); 50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide); 53-03-2 (Prednisone); 57-22-7 (Vincristine) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002141 TITreatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in advanced stages. A randomized trial comparing chlorambucil plus prednisone versus cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone. ABNinety-six patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (Stage C; anemia and/or thrombocytopenia of nonimmune origin) were randomized to receive either chlorambucil (CLR) (0.4 mg/kg orally, day 6) plus prednisone (PDN) (60 mg/m2 orally, days 1-5) every 2 weeks or cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2 intravenously, day 6), vincristine (1 mg/m2 intravenously, day 6) and prednisone (60 mg/m2 orally, days 1-5) (COP) each month for 5 months. Complete remission (CR) was defined as the total disappearance of signs and symptoms related to the disease. Partial remission (PR) was considered to be achieved when, after treatment, the clinical stage changed to a less advanced one. Thirty (59%) responses (8% CR) with CLR plus PDN and 14 (31%, 2% CR) with COP were observed (P less than 0.01). The survival was not significantly different for the two groups. Patients previously treated had a lower number of responses (11/35, 31%) than those with no previous treatment (33/61, 54%) (P less than 0.05). Patients who attained a CR or a good PR had longer survivals (median not reached) than those with a poor PR (median, 25.2 months) or those who did not respond to treatment (median, 11.5 months) (P less than 0.005). AUMontserrat E; Alcala A ; Parody R; Domingo A; Garcia-Conde J ; Bueno J; Ferran C ; Sanz MA; Giralt M; Rubio D; et al EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2369-75 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Leukemia, Lymphocytic MNAged; Anemia /PA; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Chlorambucil /AD; Clinical Trials; Cyclophosphamide /AD; Leukemia, Lymphocytic /MO /PA; Middle Age; Neoplasm Staging; Prednisone /AD; Prognosis; Random Allocation; Thrombocytopenia /PA; Vincristine /AD MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (PM-FAC protocol); 23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide); 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil); 53-03-2 (Prednisone); 59-05-2 (Methotrexate) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002142 TIAggressive adriamycin-containing regimen (PM-FAC) in estrogen receptor-negative disseminated breast cancer. Results of a Southwest Oncology Group trial. ABSixty-four patients with disseminated breast cancer were treated with an aggressive chemotherapy program of prednisone, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and cyclophosphamide (PM-FAC). A response rate of 76% was seen in 44 estrogen receptor (ER) negative patients, with 26% achieving complete responses. Forty-two percent of 20 ER positive and unknown patients demonstrated a response, but in none was a complete response achieved. Median response duration was 9 months for complete responders and 5 months for partial responders. The median survival for both groups of patients was 13 months. However, survival among the responding patients was inferior for the ER negative group (median, 14 versus 20 months; P = 0.05). These findings suggest selective sensitivity of ER negative breast cancer to Adriamycin-containing chemotherapy. Despite aggressive chemotherapy, no durable remissions were achieved. Relapse occurred at sites of known prior involvement, and in the central nervous system de novo, especially in the ER negative patients. AUMortimer J; Flournoy N; Livingston RB; Stephens RL EM8601 IDCA-20319; CA-04919; CA-12644; + SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2376-80 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Breast Neoplasms; Receptors, Estrogen MNAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Brain Neoplasms /SC; Breast Neoplasms /ME /PA; Clinical Trials; Cyclophosphamide /AD; Doxorubicin /AD; Fluorouracil /AD; Meningeal Neoplasms /SC; Methotrexate /AD; Prednisone /AD; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002143 TIMitomycin in metastatic breast cancer refractory to hormonal and combination chemotherapy. ABForty-three patients with evaluable metastatic breast cancer refractory to hormonal agents and extensive combination chemotherapy including doxorubicin were treated with mitomycin, 20 mg/m2 intravenously every 6 weeks. There were five partial responses (12%) and three minor responses (7%), with a mean time to progression of 5 months and 3.5 months, respectively. Thrombocytopenia was the major dose-limiting toxicity, and myelosuppression was cumulative. Cardiac dysfunction was observed in 12% of patients. Mitomycin had some antitumor activity in this group of metastatic breast cancer patients refractory to extensive combination chemotherapy including doxorubicin. AUPasterz RB; Buzdar AU; Hortobagyi GN; Blumenschein GR EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2381-4 MJBreast Neoplasms; Mitomycins /TU MNAdult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Breast Neoplasms /PA; Drug Resistance; Heart Failure, Congestive /CI; Hormones /TU; Middle Age; Mitomycins /AE; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neutropenia /CI; Retrospective Studies; Thrombocytopenia /CI MTFemale; Human RN0 (CAMP protocol); 0 (CAMP-L protocol); 23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide); 51057-63-7 (Citrovorum Factor); 59-05-2 (Methotrexate); 671-16-9 (Procarbazine) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002144 TICAMP chemotherapy for metastatic non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma. A 7-year experience (1975-1981) with 160 patients. ABBetween January 1975 and December 1981, 160 patients with metastatic non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma (MNOBC) were treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and procarbazine (CAMP), or with a CAMP-like regimen. Forty-two (26%) of these patients demonstrated an objective response to the chemotherapy with a median survival of 61 weeks. Thirty-nine (24%) patients had stable disease (SD) with a median survival of 45 weeks. Seventy-nine patients (49.4%) were nonresponders with a median survival of 15 weeks. There was a significant difference in survival times between the responders and the SD patients, and between the responders and SD patients and the nonresponders. Responses were seen in 11% of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma and in 37% of the patients with adenocarcinoma. There was a significant difference in the response and SD categories in favor of adenocarcinoma over squamous cell carcinoma. Once a response was achieved, the median survival of the patients with adenocarcinoma was not significantly longer than that of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma. AUShepard KV; Golomb HM; Bitran JD; Hoffman PC; Newman SB; DeMeester TR; Skosey C EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2385-90 MJAdenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Lung Neoplasms MNActuarial Analysis; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic /MO; Citrovorum Factor /AD; Cyclophosphamide /AD; Doxorubicin /AD; Lung Neoplasms /MO; Methotrexate /AD; Middle Age; Neoplasm Metastasis; Procarbazine /AD MTFemale; Human; Male RN59-05-2 (Methotrexate) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002145 TIA phase I and pharmacology study of continuous-infusion low-dose methotrexate administration. ABContinuous intravenous infusion of methotrexate (MTX) was evaluated in a Phase I study designed to establish the optimal dose rate to provide a minimum of 28 days of constant 24-hour drug exposure. Twenty-six courses were administered to 21 patients at dose rates of 0.75 mg/M2/day to 3 mg/M2/day. Dose-limiting toxicity was predominantly stomatitis at the highest dose rates. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 100,000) without leukopenia developed in 8 of 26 courses at the lower dose rates, with or without stomatitis, and was rapidly reversible. Serial blood levels revealed detectable serum MTX concentrations at all dose rates delivered with mean MTX concentrations varying from 12.8 nM at 0.75 mg/M2/day to 140 nM at 2.5 mg/M2/day. Total-body clearance of MTX approximated renal creatinine clearance. The recommended dose rate for continuous infusion of methotrexate is 0.75 mg/M2/day for 28 days, and for shorter durations (less than or equal to 14 days), the optimal dose rate is 1.5 mg/M2/day. The continuous-infusion schedule for MTX, therefore, results in a substantial decrease in the delivered dose compared with that achieved with a bolus schedule. AULokich JJ; Curt G EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2391-4 MJMethotrexate; Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Drug Evaluation; Infusions, Parenteral /IS; Kinetics; Methotrexate /AE /ME; Middle Age; Stomatitis /CI; Thrombocytopenia /CI MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-21-8 (Fluorouracil); 59-05-2 (Methotrexate) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002146 TI5-Fluorouracil and methotrexate administered simultaneously as a continuous infusion. A phase I study. ABInfusion delivery systems have been evaluated for administration of many individual chemotherapeutic agents including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and methotrexate (MTX). This study combined the two drugs as an admixture, and in a Phase I trial design established a useful dose schedule for each of the component drugs. 5-FU at a fixed dose rate of 300 mg/M2/day was delivered with methotrexate (MTX) at four different dose rates (0.75, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mg/M2/day, respectively). The drug solution was delivered via a subclavian venous access with a portable infusion pump in an ambulatory setting. Twenty-nine patients received a total of 38 courses of the two-drug infusion: 21 courses were delivered with the two agents admixed constantly throughout treatment (Schedule A) and 17 were administered the treatment with 5-FU delivered continuously and MTX added to the 5-FU for alternate 14-day cycles (Schedule B). For the former schedule, dose-rate-limiting toxicity was related to MTX and included stomatitis developing at days 8 to 14 (median, day 8) with the higher dose rates (1.5-2.0 mg/M2/day) and thrombocytopenia developing at days 11 to 56 (median, day 14) at the lowest dose rates (1.0 mg/M2/day). For Schedule B, dose-rate-limiting toxicity was similarly due to the MTX with thrombocytopenia and/or chemical hepatitis developing in six of seven courses of MTX at 1.0 mg/M2/day and in five of ten courses delivered at 0.75 mg/M2/day. On Schedule B the MTX-associated toxicities were reversed when the MTX administration was interrupted and in the face of continued 5-FU infusion. A reasonable dose rate and schedule for continuous infusion of 5-FU combined with MTX is: 5-FU 300 mg/M2/day X 28 days and MTX 0.75 mg/M2/day for days 1 to 14, with cycles administered consecutively each 28 days. AULokich JJ; Phillips D; Green R; Paul S; Sonneborn H; Zipoli TE; Curt G EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2395-8 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Ambulatory Care; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Evaluation; Fluorouracil /AD; Infusions, Parenteral /IS /MT; Methotrexate /AD /AE; Middle Age; Stomatitis /CI; Thrombocytopenia /CI MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN15663-27-1 (Cisplatin); 33419-42-0 (Etoposide) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002147 TICisplatin and etoposide salvage therapy and resection of the residual tumor in pretreated germ cell testicular cancer. ABThirty-two consecutive patients with pretreated germinal testis cancer received three to four inductions of cisplatin and etoposide therapy (PE). Patients not pretreated, or only partially pretreated with bleomycin (B), also received this drug for a maximum of 12 doses. Sixteen patients underwent secondary surgery for the removal of residual masses. Twelve (37.5%) entered complete remission (CR) with chemotherapy alone, and an additional 9 cases (28%) were rendered tumor-free by surgery. The 21 disease-free patients (65.5%) received two further inductions and no maintenance. Toxicity was moderate, and 1 of the 16 patients who underwent surgery died postoperatively of pulmonary embolism. After a median follow-up period of 26 months (range, 9-60), 2 patients have died in CR and 15 (47%) are currently alive and have been continuously disease-free. The major determinant of tumor response was prior therapy. Eleven of 14 (78%) patients who were not pretreated with cisplatin achieved a continuous disease-free status versus only 4 of the 18 pretreated patients (22%, P less than 0.01). In this set of cases, complete responders to prior PVB therapy did better than incomplete responders treated for tumor progression. It can be concluded that normal-dose PE +/- B therapy, followed by surgical resection of the residual tumor, is a satisfactory salvage therapy in patients not pretreated with cisplatin and is also active in complete responders to prior PVB therapy. AUPizzocaro G; Pasi M; Salvioni R; Zanoni F; Milani A; Piva L EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2399-403 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Neoplasms, Embryonal and Mixed; Testicular Neoplasms MNAdolescence; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Bleomycins /AD; Cisplatin /AD; Dysgerminoma /DT; Etoposide /AD; Mesonephroma /DT; Middle Age; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Embryonal and Mixed /SC /SU; Teratoma /DT; Testicular Neoplasms /SU MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-07-7 (mitomycin C); 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002148 TIBiodegradable mitomycin C microspheres given intra-arterially for inoperable hepatic cancer. With particular reference to a comparison with continuous infusion of mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil. ABThirty-two patients with inoperable hepatic cancer underwent intra-arterial hepatic infusion using mitomycin C (MMC) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or intra-arterial hepatic chemoembolization using heated albumin microspheres containing MMC with an average diameter 45 +/- 8 micron. Nineteen of the 32 patients received the MMC microsphere treatment and another 13 received the conventional infusion treatment, lasting for 3.4 months. The administered doses of MMC microspheres were 11.7 +/- 11.1 mg as MMC in the 12 with metastatic cancer and 6.9 +/- 2.1 mg as MMC in the 7 with hepatocellular cancer (HCC). On the contrary, the 13 patients who underwent conventional infusion had average doses of MMC 34.5 +/- 17.3 mg and of 5-FU 13.4 +/- 7.7 g, over 3.4 months. An objective tumor response was obtained in 13/19 (68.4%) under MMC microsphere chemoembolization, compared to 6/13 (46.2%) under the conventional infusion. The average level of CEA in the 12 with metastatic cancer, who underwent MMC microsphere therapy, dropped from 57.7 ng/ml to 16.5 ng/ml, while that in the 10 patients on conventional infusion dropped from 24.0 ng/ml to 17.4 ng/ml; that of alpha-fetoprotein dropped in all 7 with HCC on MMC microsphere chemoembolization, compared to a fall in 1/3 on conventional infusion. With the MMC microsphere treatment, 5 patients from colorectal cancer lived for 15.6 +/- 7.6 months, 2 are alive with a long life expectancy; and 7 patients from gastric or pancreatic cancer lived for only 9.3 +/- 3.3 months. In case of conventional infusion, 6 patients from colorectal cancer survived for 8.6 +/- 3.2 months; and 4 patients from gastric or gallbladder cancer survived for 6.0 +/- 1.0 months. The MMC microsphere treatment is superior at P = 0.059 in survival duration to the conventional infusion treatment. However, much the same survival occurred in 7 on MMC microsphere chemoembolization and 3 on continuous infusion. AUFujimoto S; Miyazaki M; Endoh F; Takahashi O; Okui K; Morimoto Y EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2404-10 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Hepatoma; Liver Neoplasms; Mitomycins MNAdult; Aged; Alpha Fetoproteins /AN; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Biodegradation; Carcinoembryonic Antigen /AN; Fluorouracil /AD; Hepatoma /PA; Infusions, Intra-Arterial; Liver Function Tests; Liver Neoplasms /PA /SC; Microspheres; Middle Age; Mitomycins /TU; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.1.1.27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase); 0 (BEP protocol); 15663-27-1 (Cisplatin); 33419-42-0 (Etoposide) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002149 TICisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin first-line therapy and early resection of residual tumor in far-advanced germinal testis cancer. ABForty consecutive patients with far-advanced germinal testis tumors (lymph node metastases greater than 10 cm, pulmonary nodules greater than 5 cm, extrapulmonary spread, alpha-fetoprotein greater than 1000 ng/ml, human chorionic gonadotropin greater than 50,000 mIU/ml) were treated with five courses of cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin (PEB). Twenty-five patients underwent surgery for the removal of residual masses after the first three inductions. Fibrotic-necrotic tissue was resected in 11 cases, 12 had mature teratoma, and residual cancer was found in 2. After the combined-modality treatment, 37 patients (82.5%) entered complete remission (CR): 25 (62.5%) with PEB and 12 (30%) with PEB and complete removal of the residual tumor. One patient progressed on therapy, and two others had incomplete resection of the residual disease. Hematologic toxicity was moderate and gastrointestinal toxicity was very mild. After a median follow-up period of 24 months (range, 13-40), 33 patients (82.5%) remain continuously disease-free, and 4 experienced relapse. Only one of these was salvaged with further surgery and chemotherapy. First-line PEB therapy combined with early resection of residual tumor induced a very high continuous CR rate in patients with far-advanced germinal testis cancer, and toxicity was moderate. AUPizzocaro G; Piva L; Salvioni R; Zanoni F; Milani A EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2411-5 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Neoplasms, Embryonal and Mixed; Testicular Neoplasms MNAdolescence; Adult; Alpha Fetoproteins /AN; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Bleomycins /AD; Cisplatin /AD; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Administration Schedule; Etoposide /AD; Follow-Up Studies; Gonadotropins, Chorionic /BL; Lactate Dehydrogenase /BL; Lung Neoplasms /SC; Lymphatic Metastasis; Middle Age; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Embryonal and Mixed /PA /SU; Testicular Neoplasms /PA /SU MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56-53-1 (Diethylstilbestrol); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 68630-75-1 (Buserelin Acetate) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002150 TIBuserelin as primary therapy in advanced prostatic carcinoma. ABThe effectiveness of buserelin, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist, was tested in 28 patients with Stages C or D adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Of 24 evaluable patients, there were 13 partial responses (54%) by National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria, median duration greater than 6 months. Nine patients had stable disease (38%), median duration greater than 5 months, and only two patients progressed. Performance status improved in 38%, patient-scored pain improved in 46%, and quality of life improved in 57%. Symptoms occurring during treatment consisted of hot flashes, loss of libido, and impotence. A flare of symptoms was observed in only one patient, despite a transient 25% increase in testosterone in 36% of patients. Buserelin is an effective treatment for inducing frequent and meaningful remissions in advanced prostatic cancer. AUPresant CA; Soloway MS; Klioze SS; Kosola JW; Yakabow AL; Mendez RG; Kennedy PS; Wyres MR; Naessig VL; Ford KS; et al EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2416-9 MJBuserelin Acetate /TU; Prostatic Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Buserelin Acetate /ME; Castration; Diethylstilbestrol /TU; Middle Age; Pain /PA; Prostatic Neoplasms /PA; Quality of Life; Testosterone /BL MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002151 TIIntraperitoneal bleomycin. Pharmacokinetics and results of a phase II trial. ABBleomycin was administered in a phase II trial to 10 patients with malignant ascites. Complete responses to intraperitoneal bleomycin were observed in 6/10 patients (60%). Pharmacokinetics of serum and intraperitoneal bleomycin showed peak levels at 15 minutes with a peritoneal fluid half-life of 4.2 +/- 0.1 hours and a serum half-life of 5.0 +/- 1.2 hours. There was a 400-fold difference in concentration when bleomycin was administered intra-abdominally. Toxicities with intraperitoneal bleomycin were minimal. This phase II trial confirms the efficacy of intraperitoneal bleomycin; further trials appear warranted. AUBitran JD EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2420-3 MJAbdominal Neoplasms /DT; Adenocarcinoma /DT; Ascites; Bleomycins /TU MNAbdominal Neoplasms /BL /SC; Adenocarcinoma /BL /SC; Aged; Ascites /TH; Ascitic Fluid /ME; Bleomycins /AE /ME; Drainage; Drug Evaluation; Kinetics; Middle Age; Peritoneal Dialysis MTFemale; Human; Male RN50-91-9 (Fluorodeoxyuridine) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002152 TIA reversible enteropathy complicating continuous hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy with 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine. ABThis article describes two patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer in whom a reversible enteropathy developed during the administration of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy with 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (5-FUdR) via an Infusaid Series 400 pump (Infusaid Corp., Sharon, MA). Both patients had severe diarrhea and signs that suggested small bowel obstruction. Barium studies revealed a distinctive radiologic appearance of severe narrowing of the ileum associated with complete loss of normal mucosal patterns. Results of an extensive evaluation for an infectious or toxin-related enterocolitis were negative. Perfusion studies confirmed the appropriate position of the catheters and revealed no extrahepatic perfusion. Systemic shunting of the 5-FUdR through the liver or tumor bed is postulated as the primary event, with the small bowel manifesting the major toxicity. AUGluck WL; Akwari OE; Kelvin FM; Goodwin BJ EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2424-7 MJFluorodeoxyuridine /AE; Intestinal Diseases; Liver Neoplasms /SC MNAged; Fluorodeoxyuridine /AD; Hepatic Artery; Ileum /DE /RA; Infusions, Intra-Arterial /IS; Intestinal Diseases /RA; Intestinal Mucosa /DE /RA; Laparotomy; Liver Neoplasms /DT; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male RN50-91-9 (Fluorodeoxyuridine) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002153 TIComplications of implantable chemotherapy pump. A case of pump inversion. ABRegional chemotherapy with the use of implantable pumps is becoming more frequent. The authors report here a case of the pump inverting in the subcutaneous pocket. Speculation on diagnosis, correction, and prevention are discussed. AUSeeger J; Woodcock TM; Richardson JD EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2428-9 MJInfusions, Intra-Arterial; Liver Neoplasms MNAged; Equipment Failure; Fluorodeoxyuridine /AD /TU; Liver Neoplasms /SC MTCase Report; Female; Human RN520-85-4 (Medroxyprogesterone) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002155 TIFatal pulmonary toxicity by the association of radiotherapy and medroxyprogesterone acetate. ABThis report describes a fatal pneumonitis occurring in a breast cancer patient while on adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy and medroxyprogesterone acetate. The clinical and radiologic features, as well as the timing of this pneumonitis, make a radiation pneumonitis more than probable. A radiation pneumonitis was also observed in other patients treated in the same way. Medroxyprogesterone acetate thus seems to act as a radiosensitizer since no such effects were seen in patients treated with radiotherapy alone. The radioenhancing effect is not limited to the lungs, since radioesofagitis was also encountered in similarly treated patients. AUDe Greve J; Warson F; Deleu D; Storme G EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2434-6 MJMedroxyprogesterone; Pneumonia; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Radiotherapy MNAged; Breast Neoplasms /TH; Carcinoma, Ductal /TH; Combined Modality Therapy /AE; Esophagitis /ET; Mastectomy /MT MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002157 TIMulticentric giant lymph node hyperplasia. A report of seven cases. ABMulticentric giant lymph node hyperplasia (MGLH) is a distinct lymphoproliferative disorder, which may terminate in malignant lymphoma. The clinical features and laboratory findings of seven cases are reported here. The histologic changes in lymph nodes were those of giant lymph node hyperplasia, plasma cell type. Immunoperoxidase staining showed intracytoplasmatic polyclonal immunoglobulins. Malignant lymphoma supervened in two cases, one of which was proved by autopsy; in the other there was transformation of a polyclonal gammopathy into a monoclonal one. Two of the patients also developed Kaposi's sarcoma. AUKessler E EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2446-51 MJLymph Nodes /PA MNAged; Histocytochemistry; Hyperplasia /PA; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy /BL /IM /PA; Immunoenzyme Technics; Immunoglobulins /AN; Lymph Nodes /BS; Sarcoma, Kaposi's /PA; Stains and Staining; Submandibular Gland /PA MTFemale; Human; Male IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002158 TIOsteogenic and sarcomatoid differentiation of a renal cell carcinoma. ABSarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma is an uncommon renal tumor, and osteogenic differentiation has been reported in only a few of these tumors. The authors report such a case with radiographic, light microscopic, and electron microscopic findings, which demonstrate that the sarcomatoid areas of the tumor are derived from the malignant epithelial cells, retaining epithelial features such as desmosomes and lumina with microvilli. The use of electron microscopy is important in the establishment of this diagnosis. AUMacke RA; Hussain MB; Imray TJ; Wilson RB; Cohen SM EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2452-7 MJCarcinoma, Renal Cell /PA; Kidney Neoplasms /PA; Sarcoma, Osteogenic /PA MNAged; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Carcinoma, Renal Cell /DT /UL; Kidney Neoplasms /DT /UL; Lung Neoplasms /SC; Sarcoma, Osteogenic /DT /UL; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002159 TIHeterogeneity of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Phenotypic and ultrastructural characterization of four unusual cases. ABThis study characterized, by means of immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, four cases of ╥unusual╙ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) other than classical mycosis fungoids and Sezary syndrome. Cases 1, 2, and 4 were diffuse lymphoma of a pleomorphic type, and Case 3 was of a mixed type. Case 4 shared a feature common to pagetoid reticulosis. A fairly large number of inflammatory cells were seen in Cases 1, 3, and 4. Functionally, the neoplastic cells of Cases 1, 3, and 4 were of a helper/inducer T-cell subset, whereas those of Case 2 were of a suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell type. Epidermotropic cells with pagetoid growth in Case 4 failed to show these specific surface phenotypes, although they still retained pan T-cell markers. Neoplastic large or intermediate-sized cells revealed a marked difference in the development of cytoplasmic organelles and their nuclear profiles, ranging from a few simple indentations (Cases 2 and 3) to forms with many deep indentations (Case 1) and highly cleaved shapes (Case 4). All of these cells, however, possessed dense-cored granules located in a portion of the cytoplasm. This study indicated the clinicopathologic and immunologic heterogeneity of CTCL, which may be classified, according to the reactivity with monoclonal antibodies and the fine structural features, into subtypes that correspond to functionally distinct subsets of T-cells and their stages or types of differentiation. AUJimbow K; Maeda K; Ito Y; Ishida O; Takami T EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2458-69 MJLymphoma; Skin Neoplasms; T Lymphocytes MNAdult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Histocytochemistry; Immunoenzyme Technics; Lymphoma /UL; Phenotype; Skin Neoplasms /UL; T Lymphocytes /UL MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002160 TIAnaplastic neoplasm in a patient with hairy cell leukemia. ABA 63-year-old white man had a history of recurrent pneumonia, pancytopenia, and splenomegaly when the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia was made on bone marrow biopsy examination. Splenectomy confirmed that diagnosis and his pancytopenia moderately improved. Three years following the diagnosis, the patient developed an upper abdominal mass involving the stomach wall that was found to be an anaplastic ╥large cell╙ neoplasm. Palliative radiotherapy was started, but the patient died 2 months later. Cytochemical studies of the anaplastic gastric neoplasm revealed cytoplasmic tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity. Electron microscopy showed no epithelial differentiation. These observations suggest that the gastric neoplasm represented an evolution of hairy cell leukemia into a more aggressive tumor analogous to the transformation that occurs in other B-cell neoplasms. AUDavis KM; Spindel E; Franzini DA; Kitchens CS; Braylan RC EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2470-5 MJCarcinoma; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Stomach Neoplasms MNBone Marrow /PA; Carcinoma /UL; Gastric Mucosa /PA; Mesentery /PA; Middle Age; Spleen /IM /PA; Stains and Staining; Stomach Neoplasms /UL MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002163 TIVascular invasion as a prognosticator of metastatic disease in nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. Importance in ╥surveillance only╙ protocols. ABForty-five nonseminomatous germ cell carcinomas of the testis were evaluated retrospectively to define the biologic features associated with the occurrence of metastatic disease. A statistical analysis of several pertinent clinical and pathologic factors was performed. The factors evaluated included: duration of symptoms before diagnosis, serum level of alpha-fetoprotein, serum or urinary level of human chorionic gonadotropin, testicular weight, extent of local tumor (pathologic T stage), and vascular invasion at the primary site. In each case, metastases were documented by a retroperitoneal node dissection, other biopsies, or by chest films. In 29 tumors with vascular invasion, 25 patients were seen with metastatic disease. In 16 tumors without vascular invasion, 3 patients demonstrated metastasis. The presence or absence of vascular invasion was strongly correlated with concomitant lymph node involvement or subsequent appearance of other metastatic disease (chi-square = 17.19). Additionally, vascular invasion in bifactoral++ analysis with tumor size and pathologic T stage proved a significant prognosticator even in low-staged (chi-square = 8.48) and small tumors (chi-square = 8.13). The implications of these findings, both as an adjunct to the staging of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors and in the management of clinical Stage I lesions, are discussed. AUMoriyama N; Daly JJ; Keating MA; Lin CW; Prout GR Jr EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2492-8 MJNeoplasms, Embryonal and Mixed /PA; Testicular Neoplasms /PA MNAdolescence; Adult; Alpha Fetoproteins /AN; Blood Vessels /PA; Castration; Dysgerminoma /PA; Gonadotropins, Chorionic /BL; Lymphatic Metastasis; Middle Age; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms, Embryonal and Mixed /BL; Prognosis; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms /SC; Retrospective Studies; Teratoma /PA; Testicular Neoplasms /BL MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002164 TIGliomatosis peritonei. ABGliomatosis peritonei, the occurrence of mature glial peritoneal implants, is a rare complication that is observed almost exclusively in the setting of ovarian teratoma. The clinicopathologic features of four such cases associated with ovarian teratoma of all grades are described herein. Gliomatosis peritonei is a benign condition. Although its presence is believed to suggest a more favorable prognosis in cases of high-grade ovarian teratoma, this was not found in one of our cases. Extensive histopathologic sampling of peritoneal implants is essential to exclude the presence of other teratomatous or germ cell elements, a negative factor in prognosis. AUNielsen SN; Scheithauer BW; Gaffey TA EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2499-503 MJNeuroglia; Ovarian Neoplasms; Peritoneum; Teratoma MNAdolescence; Adult; Middle Age; Prognosis; Stains and Staining MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002165 TITransthoracic fine-needle aspiration. Experience in a cancer center. ABThe authors summarize 5 years' experience with transthoracic fine-needle aspiration (TFNA) in 180 patients. Aspirated tumors tended to be large and peripheral. A large pneumothorax was seen after 4.3% of aspirations, and various minor complications followed another 23.3%. Emphysema was a significant risk factor for complications. Follow-up confirmed 151 cancers, with a wide variety of origins and histologic types. In the diagnosis of cancer, TFNA cytology had a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 82%. Positive TFNA findings usually provided the earliest microscopic diagnosis of cancer or of cancer stage. AUCrosby JH; Hager B; Hoeg K EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2504-7 MJLung Neoplasms; Medical Oncology MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Biopsy, Needle /AE /MT; Cancer Care Facilities; Diagnostic Errors; Emphysema /ET; Follow-Up Studies; Lung Neoplasms /RA /SC; Middle Age; Norway MTFemale; Human; Male IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002166 TIWell-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma with peripheral blood involvement, osteolytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia. A case report and review of the literature. ABIt is rare for small lymphocytic B-cell malignancies to be associated with osteolytic bone lesions and/or hypercalcemia. The authors present an unusual case of well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (DWDL) in a 70-year-old man who had osteolytic bone lesions and subsequently developed severe refractory hypercalcemia. The possible etiologic mechanisms responsible for these findings are discussed, and a brief review of the literature is presented. AUAbboud SL; Gordeuk V; Schacter LP; Crum ED; Spitzer TR EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2508-11 MJBone Resorption; Hypercalcemia; Lymphoma /PA; Osteolysis MNAged; B Lymphocytes /PA; Diagnosis, Differential; Lymphoma /BL; Spinal Neoplasms /PA MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002167 TIAdenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. Prognostic factors and results of therapy. ABAdenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction (AE and GE) are uncommon neoplasms with a poor prognosis. AE or GE are usually analyzed as part of the larger group of carcinomas in patients with either epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus or with gastric cancer. The prognostic variables and outcome of therapy for patients with AE and GE alone have not been well described. The records of 131 patients treated at Memorial Hospital during the period 1978 to 1982 were reviewed. The majority underwent surgery as their primary therapy. Clinical staging was found to be highly inaccurate, with almost all patients having Stage III disease at surgery. Operative mortality was 7.1%. Adjuvant chemotherapy did not appear to influence survival. Treatment of advanced disease with either conventional or investigational agents yielded modest objective response rates. Prognostic variables for those presenting with locoregional disease who were candidates for potentially curative surgery were analyzed. Only the presence or absence of weight loss and location of the primary tumor (AE versus GE) were significant variables. A model for predicting survival was employed. AUFein R; Kelsen DP; Geller N; Bains M; McCormack P; Brennan MF EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2512-8 MJAdenocarcinoma; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagogastric Junction MNActuarial Analysis; Adenocarcinoma /SC /SU; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Body Weight; Combined Modality Therapy; Esophageal Neoplasms /SU; Esophagogastric Junction /SU; Middle Age; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis MTFemale; Human; Male RN520-85-4 (Medroxyprogesterone) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002168 TIStage III endometrial carcinoma. A review of 90 cases. ABThe authors present a retrospective review of 90 cases of Stage III endometrial carcinoma seen over a 10-year period at the Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto. Overall 5-year survival was 45.5% and disease-free survival was 36.0%. Prognostic factors identified within Stage III were tumor grade, geographic distribution of disease, the presence of symptoms other than vaginal bleeding or discharge, and completeness of surgery. Isolated involvement of the ovary or fallopian tube emerges as a distinct syndrome with a good prognosis (5-year survival of 82.3%). Surgery is the treatment of choice for operable cases, but 13 of 36 patients with inoperable disease who completed radical radiotherapy were alive and free of disease at 5 years. AUMackillop WJ; Pringle JF EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2519-23 MJAdenocarcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Uterine Neoplasms /PA MNAdenocarcinoma /SC; Bone Neoplasms /DT /SC; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /SC; Medroxyprogesterone /TU; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Palliative Treatment; Radiotherapy Dosage; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Uterine Neoplasms /MO /RT /SU MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002169 TIPrognostic factors and outcome in bilateral Wilms' tumor. ABTwenty-one patients with bilateral Wilms' tumor are reviewed and the details of diagnosis, therapy, and survival presented. All patients had an abdominal mass at the time of diagnosis. Associated findings included hypertension, aniridia, and genitourinary anomalies. Favorable histologic features were found in all simultaneously occurring tumors and in the initial tumor in nonsimultaneous tumors. Eleven of the 18 patients with simultaneously occurring tumors survived for at least 2 years, for an overall 2-year survival rate of 61%, which was similar to the 2-year survival rate of 60% found in a review of 61 other simultaneously occurring bilateral Wilms' tumors reported in the literature since 1971. Two ╥front-end╙ factors that affected prognosis were the patient's age and the stage of the most advanced tumor at the time of diagnosis. A significantly better survival was found in children whose tumor was diagnosed before the age of 2 years and in patients who had Stage I or II disease in the most advanced tumor, as compared with those who had Stage III or IV disease. The overall survival rate in this series and in the literature review is much poorer than that reported for bilateral Wilms' tumor in the National Wilm's Tumor Study; some possible reasons for this are given. The authors' current approach to diagnosis and therapy is reviewed. AUAsch MJ; Siegel S; White L; Fonkalsrud E; Hays D; Isaacs H EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2524-9 MJKidney Neoplasms /PA; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Nephroblastoma /PA MNActuarial Analysis; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Kidney Neoplasms /MO /TH; Nephroblastoma /MO /TH; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002170 TISmall cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with hypercalcemia. ABThis report describes three cases of undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Their light microscopic appearance is closely akin to the small cell carcinoma of lung. The neoplastic cells exhibit few cytoplasmic dense core neurosecretory granules ultrastructurally and immunoreactivity to enolase. Two patients manifested clinically hypercalcemia which is rare in small cell carcinoma in general and, to the best of our knowledge, has not been described in association with bladder small cell carcinoma. AUReyes CV; Soneru I EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2530-3 MJBladder Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Oat Cell; Hypercalcemia MNAged; Bladder Neoplasms /RA; Carcinoma, Oat Cell /RA; Cytoplasmic Granules /UL; Middle Age; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002171 TIGynecomastia in testicular cancer patients. Prognostic and therapeutic implications. ABEighty-one patients with advanced testicular cancer were evaluated for gynecomastia or severe breast tenderness at diagnosis and after platinum-based chemotherapy. The prognostic significance of gynecomastia in these two settings was explored. At presentation, 10% (8 patients) had gynecomastia or breast tenderness and elevated HCG levels. The likelihood of gynecomastia was greater with increasing HCG level (P = 0.002). However, gynecomastia at presentation was a more powerful independent discriminant of poor survival than the initial HCG level by multivariate analysis (P = 0.004). Fifteen percent (12 patients) developed transient gynecomastia after chemotherapy not attributable to other known causes. HCG levels were normal. Endocrine evaluation typically revealed elevated FSH, LH, and estradiol/testosterone ratios. This may have reflected damage to testicular germinal epithelium. All 12 patients are alive without disease in contrast to the 8 patients who had gynecomastia at diagnosis. Therapy decisions should therefore be based on the time of onset of gynecomastia and in the context of appropriate clinical markers and evaluation. AUTseng A Jr; Horning SJ; Freiha FS; Resser KJ; Hannigan JF Jr; Torti FM EM8601 ID2 R10 CA 21744-04; 5R 18 CA 24751-04 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2534-8 MJBreast; Gynecomastia; Testicular Neoplasms /PA MNAdolescence; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Castration; Dysgerminoma /PA; Follow-Up Studies; Gonadotropins, Chorionic /BL; Middle Age; Neoplasm Staging; Physical Examination; Prognosis; Teratoma /PA; Testicular Neoplasms /BL /DT; Time Factors MTHuman; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002172 TIBurkitt's lymphoma in the Middle East. A study of 34 cases. ABThe clinical features of 34 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma diagnosed at the American University Medical Center (AUMC) are described. Ages ranged between 3 and 20 years (median, 7 years). Seventy-three percent of the patients were younger than 8 years. Three cases occurred among siblings. The primary site of disease at presentation was the abdomen, 23 patients; jaw, 6; jaw and abdomen, 2; Waldeyer's ring, 2; and mediastinum, 1. Of those who had abdominal disease, the involvement was diffuse and extensive in abdomen and pelvis in 9, apparently confined to the ileocecal region in 5, mesenteric nodes and small intestine in 5, large intestine in 1, and ovary in 3. One patient presented with paraplegia. The bone marrow was studied in 19 patients; it was positive in 5 and suspicious in 2. None had frank leukemia. CSF was studied in 4 patients at presentation and was negative. Eight patients developed meningeal lymphoma during the course of the disease. Liver involvement was documented in 3 patients. Peripheral lymphadenopathy was observed at presentation in 11 patients (9, neck; 2, inguinal + axillary). In contrast to African Burkitt's, the majority of our patients presented with abdominal disease, and in contrast to the American form, our patients were younger with a median age similar to that of African Burkitt's. Thirty percent of the patients had jaw tumor at presentation--a figure intermediate between the African and the American Burkitt's. AUAnaissie E; Geha S; Allam C; Jabbour J; Khalyl M; Salem P EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2539-43 MJBurkitt's Lymphoma /OC MNAbdominal Neoplasms /PA; Adolescence; Adult; Burkitt's Lymphoma /FG /PA; Child, Preschool; Child; Jaw Neoplasms /PA; Middle East; Neoplasm Staging /MT; Pelvic Neoplasms /PA; Retrospective Studies MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002173 TIThe human B-cell lineage cell line ARH-77 [letter] AURalph P EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2544-5 MJCell Line MNAntibody-Producing Cells; Leukemia, Plasmacytic; Multiple Myeloma; Plasmacytoma MTComparative Study; Human IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002174 TIActivation of natural resistance against lung metastasis of an adenocarcinoma in T-cell depressed spontaneously hypertensive rats by infection with Listeria monocytogenes. ABWe report here our study of the role of natural host defense mechanisms mediated by macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells in an experimental model of spontaneous pulmonary metastases of a mammary adenocarcinoma SST-2 in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with congenital T-cell depression. To activate macrophages and NK cells, Listeria monocytogenes (LM) was injected IV into SHR which had received a transplantation of SST-2. To assess the antimetastatic responses induced by LM, the number of lung nodules and the lung weight in SHR were evaluated 30 days after tumor inoculation. The growth of lung metastases, though not of primary tumors, was significantly reduced if 10(7) LM were injected IV into SHR 2, 10 and 20 days after the SC transplantation of 5 X 10(4) or 5 X 10(5) SST-2. An inhibitory effect of LM on pulmonary metastases was also observed in tumor-excised rats, in which the number of lung metastases and the lung weight were enhanced as compared with those in tumor-bearing rats which had not undergone surgery. Peritoneal resident cells which were harvested from rats injected with LM showed a significant augmentation of tumoricidal activity against SST-2 cells as measured by in vitro cytotoxicity. Similarly, the NK activity of spleen cells of SHR injected with LM increased significantly when compared with untreated SHR. These data suggest that the inhibition of metastatic growth, though not of primary tumor growth, was accomplished by the, possibly T-cell independent, activation of macrophages and NK cells. AUKoga Y; Hamada J; Takeichi N; Nakane A; Minagawa T; Kobayashi H EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p103-8 MJAdenocarcinoma; Killer Cells, Natural; Listeria Infections; Lung Neoplasms; Macrophage Activation; T Lymphocytes MNAdenocarcinoma /SC; Immunity, Natural; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats MTAnimal RN56-49-5 (Methylcholanthrene) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002175 TIAnti-tumour effect of humoral and cellular immunities mediated by a bacterial immunopotentiator, Lactobacillus casei, in mice. ABAdministration of a mixture containing Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 (LC9018) and methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (Meth A) cells into the peritoneum of syngeneic BALB/c mice suppressed the tumour growth and protected the mice from tumour death. With the appearance of the anti-tumour activity, serum complement-dependent tumour cytotoxic (CDC) antibody was induced on the 5th day after the administration as a result of the adjuvant effect. The cytotoxic antibody was not found in serum on the 5th day after inoculation of Meth A cells alone, but it was induced before the mice died of the tumours. Adjuvant induction of the cytotoxic serum antibody at an early time was also observed using Kirsten murine sarcoma virus-transformed tumour (K234) cells. Both of these cytotoxic antibodies in sera from Meth A-suppressed and the tumour-bearing mice were specific for the tumour cells and were IgM class, since they were absorbed with rabbit anti-mouse IgM antibody. However, the cytotoxic antibody was not found in the peritoneal cavity which was the tumour inoculation site, but binding antibody against the tumour cells was faintly detected in the region using an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). In neutralization tests, the cytotoxic antibody did not exert anti-tumour activity in recipient mice when it was administered to the mice along with the tumour cells or when it was administered i.v. at the time of tumour inoculation. Moreover, the cytotoxic antibody was not available for the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). These results suggest that the cytotoxic antibody did not exert anti-tumour activity in the tumour-suppressed mice. In contrast, peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) on the 5th day, and PEC and spleen cells on the 15th day after i.p. administration of the mixture exerted strong anti-tumour activity as measured by the Winn test. In conclusion, the adjuvant effect of LC9018 induced tumour-specific humoral and cellular immunities but the anti-tumour activity was dependent only on the cellular effectors of the host. The possible use of LC9018 in tumour immunotherapy is discussed. AUYasutake N; Ohwaki M; Mutai M; Koide Y; Yoshida T EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p109-16 MJAdjuvants, Immunologic; Fibrosarcoma /IM; Lactobacillus Casei MNAntibody Formation; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fibrosarcoma /CI; Immunity, Cellular; Lymphocytes /IM; Methylcholanthrene; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Neutralization Tests MTAnimal; Male RN0 (tumor necrosis factor); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002176 TICytotoxic factor production by Kupffer cells elicited with Lactobacillus casei and Corynebacterium parvum. ABThe ability of Kupffer cells, spleen macrophages, pulmonary macrophages, and peritoneal macrophages (PM) to produce cytotoxic factor (CTF) was investigated in vitro. The production of CTF by Kupffer cells elicited with Corynebacterium parvum (CP) or Lactobacillus casei YIT9018 (LC9018) was higher than that of spleen, pulmonary macrophages, or PM. In addition, oxygen radical (OR) production by Kupffer cells or PM was measured. The production of OR by Kupffer cells or PM was significantly augmented by i.v. or i.p. injection of LC9018 or CP. No significant correlation was observed between the increase in OR production by Kupffer cells or PM and CTF production by Kupffer cells or PM elicited with either organism. It was suggested that activated Kupffer cells may be one important source of CTF production in serum and that the CTF-producing macrophages may be different from the OR-producing macrophages. AUHashimoto S; Seyama Y; Yokokura T; Mutai M EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p117-21 MJAdjuvants, Immunologic; Glycoproteins; Kupffer Cells; Lactobacillus Casei; Propionibacterium acnes MNFree Radicals; Kupffer Cells /ME; Macrophages /IM /ME; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Oxygen /ME; Spleen /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male RN23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002177 TIAdriamycin induced resistance of sensitive K 562 cells to natural killer lymphocyte attack. ABThe effect of Adriamycin (ADM) on erythroleukaemia K 562 cell susceptibility to human natural killer (NK) cell activity has been studied. When cultivated for 3 days in the presence of 10 to 40 nM ADM, K 562 cells decreased their susceptibility to NK-mediated lysis in a dose-dependent fashion. At a concentration of 40 nM, previously found to induce optimal differentiation-associated properties in K 562 cells, the induced resistance to NK-mediated lysis increased progressively from day 1 to day 3 of culture. ADM treatment did not induce K 562 cells to release factors which interfered with NK activity since supernatants from ADM-treated K 562 cell cultures caused no significant modification in the NK lytic process. Binding to NK of ADM-treated K 562 cells was unaffected since treated and untreated cells had identical capacities in a conjugate-forming cell assay or adsorption of NK cells on target cell monolayers. In cold target competition assays ADM-treated K 562 cells acted as more effective competitors than untreated K 562 cells. These observations imply that the reduced killing of the ADM-treated K 562 cells was independent of target-NK cell recognition, and suggest that ADM treatment could allow malignant cells to escape NK surveillance. AUBenoist H; Madoulet C; Jardillier JC; Desplaces A EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p122-8 MJCytotoxicity, Immunologic; Doxorubicin; Killer Cells, Natural; Leukemia, Myelocytic MNAdsorption; Cell Line; Cold MTHuman IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002178 TIPresence of normal human cell surface antigens in plasma of athymic mice bearing a human colon carcinoma and in normal human plasma. ABThe mixed haemadsorption (MHA) method was employed for detection of several normal antigenic components on the surface of human colon carcinoma cells (HT-29). The antigens were expressed by cells in monolayer cultures and in suspensions prepared by monolayer trypsinization, and by cells of tumours growing progressively in athymic mice. The plasma of such animals bearing medium sized and large, non-necrotic tumours contained all the antigens, as determined by the radial diffusion immune haemolysis method (RDIH); the plasma of animals with small or large heavily necrotic tumours did not contain detectable amounts of any of the determinants. The half-life of the determinants in the circulation as extracellular entities was ca. 20 h. The same antigens, and fibronectin, were found to be ubiquitously represented in normal human plasma. It is proposed that the presence of membrane antigens in plasma is the result of physiological shedding of cell surface constituents by living cells. AUMarkson Y; Weiss DW; Weiss O; Doljanski F EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p129-36 MJAdenocarcinoma; Antigens, Surface; Colonic Neoplasms MNCells, Cultured; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Transplantation, Heterologous MTAnimal; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9007-34-5 (Collagen); 9007-36-7 (Complement) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002179 TIA 3-dimensional tumor growth inhibition assay for testing monoclonal antibody cytotoxicity. ABA 3-dimensional tumor growth inhibition assay [18] has been adapted to test the cytotoxic activity of a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed to various antigenic determinants on the surface of mouse mammary tumor cells. Target cells can be prepared from either cultured cells or from pieces of fresh tumor. Antibody and complement are added when cells are growing actively and cell growth can be measured, non destructively, over a 7-10-day period. Effective diffusion of antibody through collagen gel and binding to target cells embedded in the gel is demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescent staining. The specificity of monoclonal antibody AMT 101 cytotoxicity for mouse mammary tumor cells is the same in trypan blue exclusion assays of single-cell suspensions as in collagen gel assays, with complete killing seen in the collagen gel assay only. The collagen gel assay allows the testing of repeated treatments in vitro, as well as combined treatment with multiple antibodies. It also allows cell-cell interaction and preserves all cell components in the tumor. The collagen gel assay has potential as a method of predicting the outcome of monoclonal antibody treatment of solid tumors. AUWei WZ; Massey RJ; Heppner GH EM8601 IDCA 27419; CA 27437; CA 22453 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p137-44 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental /PA MNCell Line; Collagen; Complement /IM; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental /IM; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-07-7 (mitomycin C) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002180 TIInduction of activated macrophages by intraperitoneal injection of mitomycin C in mice. ABThe host cellular response to IP injection of mitomycin C was studied in C3H/HeN mice. As assessed by in vitro cytolysis assay using 125I-iododeoxyuridine-labelled tumour target cells, mitomycin C-induced peritoneal macrophages showed the maximum tumouricidal activity 4 days after the IP injection. The tumouricidal activity was dependent on the dose of mitomycin C injected and it was detectable against syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic tumour target cells. In addition, these tumouricidal macrophages were found to be augmented in functions of both incorporation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells. Among the other anti-cancer drugs, which were used at a dose of three-fifths of LD50, only adriamycin (7.5 mg/kg) was capable of inducing activated macrophages as much as mitomycin C (3 mg/kg). Cyclophosphamide (225 mg/kg), methotrexate (60 mg/kg) and vincristine (1.5 mg/kg) were able to augment incorporation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells, but not tumouricidal activity. Differential cytolysis assay was performed for two cell lines of P 388 tumour target cells, the mitomycin C-sensitive original cell line and the mitomycin C-resistant subline, demonstrating no significant difference in macrophage-mediated tumour cell lysis between these cell lines. Based on these results, it was concluded that mitomycin C, when injected IP induced activated macrophages in the peritoneal cavity. A better understanding of the effect of anti-cancer drugs on macrophage tumouricidal activity may be useful in designing more effective local chemotherapy for malignant peritoneal effusions. AUShindo H; Ogura T; Masuno T; Hayashi S; Kishimoto S EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p145-50 MJMacrophage Activation; Mitomycins /PD MNAntineoplastic Agents /PD; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Macrophages /IM; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice; Mitomycins /AD; Neoplasms, Experimental /PA MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (macrophage activating factor); 1404-26-8 (Polymyxin B); 7440-74-6 (Indium) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002181 TIHuman lymphokine preparations which generate tumoricidal properties of human monocytes in vitro may be distinct from gamma interferon. ABThe purpose of these studies was to determine whether stimulated human lymphocytes produce lymphokines distinct from IFN gamma, that can activate human blood monocytes to lyse tumor cells. We undertook this investigation because of the controversy concerning whether MAF and IFN gamma are the same molecule. Crude lymphokine preparations prepared from normal human mononuclear cells incubated with Con A and rich in MAF activity also contained 1000 U/ml IFN gamma as measured by the virus neutralization assay. However, the induction of tumoricidal activity in monocytes by the lymphokine preparation could be dissociated from the IFN gamma activity, based on the following data: (1) Heat treatment (100 degrees C for 2 min) removed the antiviral activity of the lymphokine yet did not diminish its MAF-like activity when measured in a 72 h cytotoxicity assay against 125I IUdR-labeled human A375 melanoma cells. (2) Likewise, treatment of this lymphokine preparation with a twofold excess of anti-IFN gamma antibody neutralized antiviral activity but once again had no effect on its ability to activate monocyte tumoricidal function. In contrast, both heat treatment and anti-IFN gamma antibody abolished monocyte activation by equivalent units of human recombinant IFN gamma. Taken together, these data suggest that there is a molecule(s) distinct from IFN gamma which can activate human monocytes for tumoricidal function. Furthermore, this dissociation of MAF and IFN gamma activity was dependent on the use of a long-term (72 h) assay, since activation of tumoricidal activity in an 18-24 h assay appeared to be attributable solely to IFN gamma. AUKleinerman ES; Wiltrout RH; Zicht R; Fidler IJ EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p151-7 MJCytotoxicity, Immunologic; Interferon Type II; Lymphokines; Monocytes; Neoplasms, Experimental MNCell Line; Cell Separation; Heat; Indium /DU; Polymyxin B /PD; Radioisotopes /DU MTHuman IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002182 TIPhagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. ABHuman bronchoalveolar cells were obtained by lavage during diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy of 21 patients suspected of having lung malignancies. Of these patients 11 were diagnosed as having primary lung cancer (Group I) and included individuals with squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated large and oat cell carcinoma at varying locations and TNM stages, 4 patients demonstrated nonprimary metastatic carcinoma (Group II), and 6 patients did not reveal detectable tumors by bronchoscopy or follow-up (Group III) and were included as study controls. We examined the ability of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) lavaged from patients in each of the three study groups to phagocytose opsonized sheep red blood cells. Phagocytic activity varied among patients in the same and different study groups; however, no significant differences were observed in the phagocytic or tumoristatic activities of PAMs recovered from tumor-bearing and nontumor-bearing lung regions of the same patient. Moreover, lavage fluids collected from tumor-bearing regions did not suppress the phagocytic activity of PAMs collected from control lungs nor lung regions contralateral to the tumor-bearing lung. The data do not support the view that bronchial neoplasms or their secreted products suppress phagocytic functions of alveolar macrophages. AUGangemi JD; Olsen GN; Fechter C; Hightower JA; Bauguess CT; Krech L EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p158-66 MJCarcinoma, Bronchogenic; Lung Neoplasms; Macrophages; Phagocytosis; Pulmonary Alveoli MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age MTHuman; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN53-86-1 (Indomethacin); 74764-16-2 (maltose tetrapalmitate) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002183 TIModulation of the immunosuppressive effects of splenic macrophages in Fischer rats bearing adenocarcinoma 13762. ABThe nature of spleen cells in Fischer rats bearing a large size (greater than 1 cm diameter) mammary adenocarcinoma 13762A (MAC) which block the immunostimulating capacities of MTP2 (a synthetic immunomodulator) and suppress proliferation in vitro of splenic T and B lymphocytes by their respective mitogens was investigated. Splenic macrophages were recognized as the suppressor cells by (a) restoration of mitogenic responses by depletion of macrophages from spleen cell suspensions and (b) continued suppressor activity in spleen cell suspensions of tumor bearers devoid of viable T lymphocytes. Macrophage contact with T lymphocytes was required for the inhibition of T lymphocyte proliferation by concanavalin A as shown by (a) the absence of suppressor activity in supernatants derived from cultured suppressor macrophages, (b) lowering of the suppressor activity of intact macrophages after treatment with neuraminidase, (c) lowering of the suppressor activity of macrophages by addition of red cells to spleen cultures of tumor bearers indicating red cell interference with macrophage-T cell interaction and (d) lack of inhibiting action of suppressor macrophages on allogenic T lymphocyte proliferation showing macrophage T cell recognition for suppression. Animals bearing a large size tumor exhibited spleen hypertrophy and an increase in macrophage: lymphocyte ratio and a decrease in red cell: lymphocyte ratio. Splenic macrophages did not appear to be implicated in blocking antitumor immunity induction since (a) suppressor macrophages were absent in spleens during the inductive phase of the immune response and (b) MAC implanted in allogenic Wistar rats grew to about 2 cm diameter, induced splenic suppressor macrophages but the tumor was later rejected by the animals. Collectively the results suggest that suppressor macrophages are the result of increasing tumor volume rather than its cause. AUBonaventure J; Nigam VN; Brailovsky CA EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p167-74 MJAdenocarcinoma; Immune Tolerance; Macrophages; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental MNAdenocarcinoma /PA; Glycolipids /PD; Indomethacin /PD; Lymphocyte Transformation; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental /PA; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats; Spleen /IM MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002184 TIChemoimmunotherapeutic effect of cyclophosphamide on the highly metastatic MAT 13762 tumor. ABWe have observed that cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment of 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma tumor-bearing rats was found to cause tumor regression. Tumor-bearing animals cured with three low doses of CY were partially immune against IV and SC challenge with a high dose of 13762 cells. This immune protection mechanism in CY-cured animals appears to be a T (Ig-) cell-mediated response. Irradiated rats reconstituted with CY-cured animal spleen cells were also partially protected against IV and SC challenge with 13762 cells, whereas irradiated rats reconstituted with CY-control animal spleen cells were not. In vitro primary and secondary cell-mediated cytotoxic activity of CY-cured spleen cells against target 13762 cells was low. The possible relevance of this tumor-model study is in the understanding of CY-induced tumor immune response and its role in preventing metastases or perhaps recurrent tumor growth. AUHoon DS; Ramshaw IA EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p175-8 MJAdenocarcinoma; Cyclophosphamide; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental MNAdenocarcinoma /IM /SC; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic /DE; Immunization, Passive; Immunotherapy; Lung Neoplasms /SC; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental /IM; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1510-21-0 (cholesteryl succinate) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002185 TISkin tests with autologous cholesteryl hemisuccinate treated tumour cells in cancer patients. ABSkin tests with autologous irradiated tumour cells were performed in 20 malignant melanoma, 7 breast and 6 ovarian cancer patients. In the majority of cases evident reaction was noted with cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS)-treated cells while the reaction with untreated cells was mostly negative. No correlation was found between this reactivity and the ability of patients to be sensitized to DNCB and to their reactivity to PPD. No correlation was found between reactivity to CHS-treated tumour cells and the stage and course of the disease. AUMunzarova M ; Zemanova D ; Kovarik J ; Rejthar A; Pacovsky Z EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p179-81 MJCholesterol Esters; Neoplasms MNBreast Neoplasms /IM; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Melanoma /IM; Ovarian Neoplasms /IM; Skin Tests MTFemale; Human IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002186 TIEffects of the removal of adherent and phagocytic cells on the spleen cell lymphoproliferative response of tumor-bearing mice. ABCell-mediated immunity was investigated in two BALB/c mouse tumor systems using the lymphoblastogenesis test with phytohemagglutinin as the mitogen. This lymphoproliferative response was quantitated using the Stimulation Index (SI). There was little evidence for suppressor cell activity in cell mixing experiments in which spleen cells from 51 cell-injected mice were mixed with spleen cells from normal mice. Following macrophage removal by Sephadex G-10 columns and carbonyl iron ingestion, there were no significant changes in the SI values for spleen cells from the 51 cell-injected mice. In contrast, spleen cells from mice injected with H238 cells, a herpes virus-transformed cell line, had a significantly lower SI value than that of normal mice. Suppressor cell activity was demonstrated in cell mixing experiments in which spleen cells from H238 cell-injected mice were mixed with normal spleen cells. Removal of adherent cells from spleen cells from H238 cell-injected mice by Sephadex G-10 columns restored the SI value to that of normal mice. An increased SI value was also seen after removal of phagocytic cells by carbonyl iron. These results suggested that cells with the functional properties of macrophages played an important part in the immunosuppression observed in the H238 tumor system. Comparison of the two macrophage depletion methods suggested that another cell population was also involved in the suppressive effect. Results of immunofluorescent techniques with anti-Lyt-1 and anti-Lyt-2 monoclonal antibodies show these cells to be Ly 1-, Ly 2,3+ phenotypes of T-lymphocytes. AUHyde AM; Stagg RB; McEachron R; Nutter RL EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p97-102 MJLymphocyte Transformation; Macrophages; Neoplasms, Experimental; Spleen MNCell Adhesion; Chromatography, Gel; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Phytohemagglutinins /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0362-5664 LAEnglish JCCNK SBM UI86002187 TICentral nervous system infections in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AUHarris AA; Segreti J; Levin S EM8601 SOClin Neuropharmacol (United States), 1985, 8(3) p201-10 MJAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Central Nervous System Diseases; Infection MNCentral Nervous System Diseases /DI; Diagnosis, Differential; Infection /DI; Meningitis /CO /MI; Papovaviridae; Retinitis /CO /DI; Serodiagnosis; Spinal Puncture; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Toxoplasma; Tuberculosis /CO /DI /MI; Tumor Virus Infections /CO /DI MCReview MTHuman RN2062-78-4 (Pimozide); 52-86-8 (Haloperidol); 90-89-1 (Diethylcarbamazine) IS0362-5664 LAEnglish JCCNK SBM UI86002188 TIThe psychoses of epilepsy and their treatment. AUTrimble MR EM8601 SOClin Neuropharmacol (United States), 1985, 8(3) p211-20 MJEpilepsy; Psychotic Disorders MNAnticonvulsants /TU; Diethylcarbamazine /TU; Electroencephalography; Haloperidol /TU; Pimozide /TU; Psychotic Disorders /TH; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /TU MCReview MTHuman RN90-89-1 (Diethylcarbamazine) IS0362-5664 LAEnglish JCCNK SBM UI86002189 TICarbamazepine: a neuropsychological and psychiatric profile. AUEvans RW; Gualtieri CT EM8601 IDHD 07201 SOClin Neuropharmacol (United States), 1985, 8(3) p221-41 MJDiethylcarbamazine /TU MNAdolescence; Adult; Affective Disorders /DT; Attention /DE; Blood Proteins /ME; Child; Cognition /DE; Diethylcarbamazine /AE; Epilepsy /DT; Gilles de la Tourette's Disease /DT; Kindling (Neurology) /DE; Kinetics; Leukopenia /CI; Limbic System /DE; Memory /DE; Motor Activity /DE; Movement Disorders /CI; Neural Transmission /DE; Neuropsychological Tests; Neuropsychology; Psychotic Disorders /DT; Schizophrenia /DT; Sleep, REM /DE; Time Factors MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7439-93-2 (Lithium) IS0362-5664 LAEnglish JCCNK SBM UI86002190 TILithium toxicity: a review of neurologic complications. AUSansone ME; Ziegler DK EM8601 SOClin Neuropharmacol (United States), 1985, 8(3) p242-8 MJLithium MNDrug Interactions; Electroencephalography; Encephalitis /CI; Hemodialysis; Neuromuscular Junction /DE; Parkinson Disease, Symptomatic /CI; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /TU MCReview MTHuman RN13147-26-7 (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylserine); 26087-98-9 (FLA 63); 38821-49-7 (Carbidopa); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 555-57-7 (Pargyline); 55520-40-6 (Tyrosine) IS0362-5664 LAEnglish JCCNK SBM UI86002191 TINoradrenergic influences on dopaminergic function and the pharmacology of dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS): implication for Parkinson's disease. AUReches A EM8601 SOClin Neuropharmacol (United States), 1985, 8(3) p249-59 MJ3,4-Dihydroxyphenylserine /TU; Norepinephrine; Parkinson Disease; Serine MN3,4-Dihydroxyphenylserine /ME; Brain /ME; Carbidopa /PD; Dopamine /ME; FLA 63 /PD; Levodopa /PD; Locus Coeruleus /ME /PA; Myocardium /ME; Pargyline /PD; Stereoisomers; Tyrosine /ME MCReview MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN66104-22-1 (pergolide) IS0362-5664 LAEnglish JCCNK SBM UI86002192 TIPergolide therapy in Parkinson's disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ABA double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted of pergolide as an adjunctive treatment to levodopa in 17 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. There was a significant improvement (p less than 0.05) in total disability score, in gait, and in ╥wearing off╙ and ╥on-off╙ phenomena. Pergolide is a useful drug in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. AUSage JI; Duvoisin RC EM8601 SOClin Neuropharmacol (United States), 1985, 8(3) p260-5 MJErgolines; Parkinson Disease MNAdult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Gait /DE; Levodopa /TU; Middle Age; Motor Activity /DE; Movement Disorders /DT; Random Allocation MTHuman RN17650-98-5 (Caerulein); 38821-49-7 (Carbidopa) IS0362-5664 LAEnglish JCCNK SBM UI86002193 TICaerulein treatment of Parkinson's disease. ABIn view of evidence linking cholecystokinin-containing neurons with both dopamine system function and Parkinson's disease pathophysiology, the therapeutic effects of the cholecystokinin analog, caerulein, were evaluated in 10 parkinsonian patients stabilized on L-Dopa therapy. Despite substantially elevated plasma caerulein levels immediately following intramuscular injection of this peptide, no consistent change in neurologic status could be discerned. These negative results may be due to the relatively small amounts of caerulein entering the CNS at dose levels that do not induce gastrointestinal toxicity. AUBruno G; Ruggieri S; Chase TN; Bakker K; Tamminga CA EM8601 SOClin Neuropharmacol (United States), 1985, 8(3) p266-70 MJCaerulein; Parkinson Disease MNAdult; Aged; Carbidopa /TU; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Levodopa /TU; Middle Age; Movement Disorders /DT MTFemale; Human; Male RN29177-84-2 (ethyl loflazepate) IS0362-5664 LAEnglish JCCNK SBM UI86002194 TIEffects of a new benzodiazepine derivative, ethyl loflazepate (CM6912), on the arousal level of normal humans assessed by the averaged photopalpebral reflex. ABThe effects of a new benzodiazepine derivative, ethyl loflazepate (CM6912), on the arousal level of normal male human subjects were investigated by use of the averaged photopalpebral reflex (PPR), the latency of which is sensitively prolonged with the lowering of the arousal level. Four doses of ethyl loflazepate, i.e., 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, and 8 mg, and a placebo were administered to each subject 30 min after lunch according to a double-blind, crossover design. Ethyl loflazepate prolonged both latencies of PPR in a dose-dependent manner. The dose-response curves for both latencies, derived from the maximum prolongation, showed a definite and linear dose-response relationship. The drug action occurred within 1 h, peaked at 2.5-3 h, and continued slightly even 4 h after medication. In the subjective assessments, vagueness of thought, sleepiness, and weakness were only slightly observed. These results suggest that ethyl loflazepate could be a potent hypnotic and/or anxiolytic which possesses a relatively rapid onset of action with moderate duration and has no severe side effects. AUTanaka M; Mizuki Y; Isozaki H; Inanaga K EM8601 SOClin Neuropharmacol (United States), 1985, 8(3) p271-9 MJArousal; Benzodiazepinones; Eyelids /PH; Photic Stimulation; Reflex MNAdult; Analysis of Variance; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eyelids /DE; Reference Values; Self Assessment (Psychology); Time Factors MTHuman; Male RNEC 1.9.3.1 (Cytochrome Oxidase); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 6493-05-6 (Pentoxifylline); 67-07-2 (Phosphocreatine); 83-67-0 (Theobromine) IS0362-5664 LAEnglish JCCNK SBM UI86002195 TIThe effect of pentoxifylline on the energy metabolism of ischemic gerbil brain. ABPentoxifylline decreases the cerebral edema resulting from cortical freezing lesions in cats, produces mitochondrial hypertrophy with preservation of structure in gerbils, and increases survival rate in gerbils rendered ischemic by temporary bilateral carotid occlusion. Since all these findings may be related to energy metabolism, the effect of the drug on postischemic cerebral phosphocreatine and ATP concentrations and on cytochrome oxidase activity has been studied. Brain slices prepared from animals subjected to bilateral carotid occlusion for 30 min and treated with pentoxifylline at release of occlusion, then allowed 3 h for recovery, exhibited higher concentrations of ATP and higher levels of cytochrome oxidase activity than did those of the untreated animals. AUBluhm RE; Molnar J; Cohen MM EM8601 SOClin Neuropharmacol (United States), 1985, 8(3) p280-5 MJBrain /ME; Cerebral Ischemia, Transient; Energy Metabolism; Pentoxifylline; Theobromine MNAdenosine Triphosphate /ME; Brain /DE; Cytochrome Oxidase /ME; Gerbillinae; Phosphocreatine /ME; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male IS0362-5664 LAEnglish JCCNK SBM UI86002196 TIClinical and subclinical thiamine deficiency in clinical practice. ABSix patients with gross thiamine deficiency found during normal psychiatric practice in England are described. Two surveys of newly admitted psychiatric patients are recounted. A major degree of biochemical deficiency, with or without minimal clinical manifestations, was found. Only three (1%) of 326 patients surveyed had gross clinical deficiency. It is thought that severe thiamine deficiency, though rare in the Western countries, has not been eradicated. Deficiency may cause psychiatric conditions like Wernicke's encephalopathy or may be a secondary feature in mental illness due to anorexia, in reduced food intake, and in poor nutrition. The importance of being aware of the possibility for correct diagnosis is emphasised. AUCarney MW; Barry S EM8601 SOClin Neuropharmacol (United States), 1985, 8(3) p286-93 MJThiamine Deficiency /PX MNAged; Alcoholism /CO; Beriberi /CO; Middle Age; Thiamine Deficiency /CO; Wernicke's Encephalopathy /CO MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN1134-47-0 (Baclofen) IS0362-5664 LAEnglish JCCNK SBM UI86002197 TIBaclofen-induced memory impairment. AUSandyk R; Gillman MA EM8601 SOClin Neuropharmacol (United States), 1985, 8(3) p294-5 MJBaclofen MNAdult; Memory, Short-Term /DE; Middle Age; Multiple Sclerosis /DT; Spasm /DT; Trigeminal Neuralgia /DT MTCase Report; Female; Human RN24526-64-5 (Nomifensine) IS0362-5664 LAEnglish JCCNK SBM UI86002198 TINomifensine in advanced parkinsonism [letter] AUSandyk R EM8601 SOClin Neuropharmacol (United States), 1985, 8(3) p296-7 MJNomifensine; Parkinson Disease MNAged; Levodopa /TU MTHuman; Male RN846-49-1 (Lorazepam) IS0362-5664 LAEnglish JCCNK SBM UI86002199 TITransient global amnesia induced by lorazepam [letter] AUSandyk R EM8601 SOClin Neuropharmacol (United States), 1985, 8(3) p297-8 MJAmnesia; Lorazepam MNAged; Anxiety /DT; Memory, Short-Term /DE; Time Factors MTFemale; Human IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002200 TISymposium on methodology and quality assurance in cancer clinical trials. Washington, DC, October 24-26, 1984. EM8601 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1039-229 MJClinical Trials; Neoplasms; Quality Assurance, Health Care MNResearch Design MTHuman IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002202 TIResponse surface methodology and the design of clinical trials for the evaluation of cancer chemotherapy. AUCarter WH Jr EM8601 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1049-53 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined; Clinical Trials; Models, Biological; Neoplasms MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Research Design MTHuman RN154-93-8 (Carmustine); 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil) IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002203 TIFactorial designs for randomized clinical trials. AUByar DP; Piantadosi S EM8601 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1055-63 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined; Clinical Trials; Models, Biological; Neoplasms MNBiometry /MT; Carmustine /AD; Drug Interactions; Fluorouracil /AD; Random Allocation; Research Design MTComparative Study; Human IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002204 TITree-structured survival analysis. ABIn this note, tree-structured recursive partitioning schemes for classification, probability class estimation, and regression are adapted to cover censored survival analysis. The only assumptions required are those which guarantee identifiability of conditional distributions of lifetime given covariates. Thus, the techniques are applicable to more general situations than are those of the famous semi-parametric model of Cox. AUGordon L; Olshen RA EM8601 IDHL-17682; CA-26666 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1065-9 MJModels, Biological; Neoplasms MNProbability; Prognosis MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002205 TIRegression models for prognostic prediction: advantages, problems, and suggested solutions. ABMultiple regression models have wide applicability in predicting the outcome of patients with a variety of diseases. However, many researchers are using such models without validating the necessary assumptions. All too frequently, researchers also ╥overfit╙ the data by developing models using too many predictor variables and insufficient sample sizes. Models developed in this way are unlikely to stand the test of validation on a separate patient sample. Without attempting such a validation, the researcher remains unaware that overfitting has occurred. When the ratio of the number of patients suffering endpoints to the number of potential predictors is small (say less than 10), data reduction methods are available that can greatly improve the performance of regression models. Regression models can make more accurate predictions than other methods such as stratification and recursive partitioning, when model assumptions are thoroughly examined; steps are taken (ie, choosing another model or transforming the data) when assumptions are violated; and the method of model formulation does not result in overfitting the data. AUHarrell FE Jr; Lee KL; Matchar DB; Reichert TA EM8601 IDLM-07003; LM-03373; HL-17670; + SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1071-77 MJModels, Biological; Regression Analysis MNAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Cardiovascular Diseases /MO; Lymphoma /DT /MO; Probability; Prognosis; Sampling Studies MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002206 TISize of phase III cancer clinical trials. AUSimon R EM8601 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1087-93 MJClinical Trials; Neoplasms /TH MNBreast Neoplasms /MO /TH; Neoplasms /MO; Prostatic Neoplasms /MO /TH; Random Allocation; Research Design; Sampling Studies MTFemale; Human; Male IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002207 TIThe doctor's dilemma: physician participation in randomized clinical trials. AUTaylor KM EM8601 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1095-100 MJAttitude of Health Personnel; Clinical Trials; Physicians MNBreast Neoplasms /TH; Informed Consent; Physician-Patient Relations; Questionnaires; Random Allocation MTComparative Study; Female; Human IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002208 TIPolicies for interim analysis and interim reporting of results. ABThe key ethical issues involved in developing policies for interim reports and interim analyses are considered. Then the twin topics of the appropriate contents of interim reports and the components of an appropriate interim analysis are discussed. Finally, suggested policies are offered. AUO'Fallon JR EM8601 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1101-6 MJClinical Trials; Communication; Ethics, Medical; Neoplasms /TH MNNeoplasms /MO; Public Policy; Random Allocation; Risk MTHuman IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002209 TIEligibility exclusions, losses to follow-up, removal of randomized patients, and uncounted events in cancer clinical trials. ABThis paper reviews the potential impact of eligibility exclusions, losses to follow-up, removal of randomized patients from the analyzed data, and failure to count all observed events on the interpretation of cancer clinical trials. The pragmatic and explanatory approaches to these problems are presented, and it is argued that most clinical trials yield data that are suitable for answering pragmatic questions. Thus, the pragmatic approach to these problems is stressed. AUGail MH EM8601 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1107-13 MJClinical Trials; Neoplasms /TH MNEligibility Determination; Follow-Up Studies; Neoplasms /MO; Patient Compliance; Random Allocation MTComparative Study; Human IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002210 TIMeasuring quality of life: risks and benefits. ABQuality of life research is an emerging science of particular relevance to clinical cancer research. The development and utilization of valid and reliable quality of life measures as outcome parameters may profoundly alter the clinical trials process. Such measures, contrary to prevailing opinion, may be as accurate and precise as conventional measures, but considerably more relevant to the trials process. However, lack of rigor in the evaluation of such indices and uncritical interpretation of results may seriously compromise the credibility of the concept. This overview of the current status of quality of life research is designed to provide a perspective from which to evaluate ongoing development. AUSchipper H; Levitt M EM8601 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1115-25 MJNeoplasms; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care); Quality of Life MNAcute Disease /PX; Chronic Disease /PX; Clinical Trials; Neoplasms /TH; Questionnaires; Research Design; Risk; Self Assessment (Psychology) MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002211 TIInfluence of measurement error on response rates. AUWarr D; McKinney S; Tannock I EM8601 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1127-32 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined; Clinical Trials; Neoplasms MNFalse Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Neoplasm Metastasis /DI; Research Design MTHuman IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002213 TIAn efficient design for phase III studies of combination chemotherapies. AUEllenberg SS; Eisenberger MA EM8601 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1147-54 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined; Clinical Trials /ST; Neoplasms MNClinical Trials /MT; Probability; Random Allocation; Research Design; Sampling Studies; Statistics MTHuman IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002214 TIFood and Drug Administration requirements for approval of new anticancer drugs. ABFor approval of new drugs, the law requires a minimum of two independent well-controlled studies for each indication. The preferred study design is prospective, randomized, and comparative. The use of historical controls, while sometimes acceptable, must be justified. A favorable effect on survival and/or quality of life is generally required for approval. The study of cancer drugs in combination presents problems which are discussed. Drug firms are strongly urged to discuss the protocols with the Food and Drug Administration prior to initiating phase III comparative studies to be used for approval of the drug. AUJohnson JR; Temple R EM8601 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1155-9 MJAntineoplastic Agents; Clinical Trials; Legislation, Drug; Neoplasms; United States Food and Drug Administration MNAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Neoplasms /MO; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; United States MTComparative Study; Human IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002216 TIAssessment of biological responses: what to measure and when. ABDuring the past several years, increasing attention has been devoted to the use of biological response modifiers (BRMs) for the treatment of cancer. Phase I trials of BRMs must be designed to provide information not only regarding toxic effects, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activities, but also on the many immunomodulatory effects. Biological monitoring must be carefully planned to enable meaningful conclusions to be drawn as to the optimal dose, schedule, and route of administration. Important considerations include selection of assays for the various biological effects, timing of testing following BRM administration, and methods for data interpretations. AUMaluish AE; Herberman RB EM8601 IDN01-CO-23910 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1165-9 MJBiological Products; Clinical Trials; Neoplasms /TH MNColony-Stimulating Factor /IM; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Immunocompetence /DE; Immunologic Technics; Immunotherapy; Mice; Neoplasms /IM; Research Design /ST MTAnimal; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002217 TIApplicability of phase I trial results in the design of phase II and III biological response modifier trials. AUPinsky CM EM8601 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1171-3 MJAntineoplastic Agents /TU; Biological Products; Clinical Trials; Neoplasms /TH MNAntineoplastic Agents /AD; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Evaluation; Neoplasms /IM; Research Design MTHuman IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002218 TISite visit monitoring program of the clinical cooperative groups: results of the first 3 years. AUMauer JK; Hoth DF; Macfarlane DK; Hammershaimb LD; Wittes RE EM8601 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1177-87 MJClinical Trials; Medical Audit; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) MNCancer Care Facilities /ST; Informed Consent; Peer Review; Professional Staff Committees; Quality Control; Records /ST; United States Food and Drug Administration; United States MTHuman IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002219 TIQuality assurance in a cooperative group. ABQuality control in a large cooperative group involves a number of different levels of checking which can be divided into three main sections: quality control in data management, quality control in special areas, and the verification that events on paper reflect real events in the clinic. Quality control in special areas is the province of those using various techniques and disciplines and it will not be discussed in this overview, since others will cover the monitoring of radiation therapy, standardization of biochemical tests, and pathology review. AUWolter JM EM8601 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1189-93 MJClinical Trials; Documentation; Medical Audit MNAntineoplastic Agents /TU; Combined Modality Therapy; Neoplasms /TH; Quality Control; United States MTHuman IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002220 TIClinical quality assurance in the pharmaceutical industry. AUDonahue JJ EM8601 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1195-7 MJClinical Trials; Drug Industry; Quality Assurance, Health Care MNDocumentation /ST; Medical Audit /MT; Neoplasms /DT; United States Food and Drug Administration; United States MTHuman IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002221 TIQuality assurance of radiotherapy in clinical trials. AUGlicksman AS; Reinstein LE; Laurie F EM8601 IDCA-29511 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1199-205 MJClinical Trials; Neoplasms; Radiotherapy MNDocumentation /ST; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Quality Control; Radiotherapy Dosage; United States MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002222 TIPathology quality control in the cooperative clinical cancer trial programs. ABPathology quality control is an essential part of clinical cancer research. However, pathology review for every study may not be practical; therefore, review in most cooperative groups will be performed only for selected protocols. The selection process should include those neoplasms with an expected diagnostic error rate which would affect the outcome of the study. Unfortunately, complete information about the diagnostic error rate for various neoplasms is not available at the present time; however, enough information is available from the pathology review experiences of the last decade to draw some general guidelines. All lymphomas should have pathology quality control review as should rare or difficult-to-diagnose neoplasms. Early cancer is likely to cause diagnostic disagreement, so protocols designed to evaluate various treatment options for such neoplasms should include pathology review. The diagnostic error rate for far-advanced carcinoma, most adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract and squamous cell carcinomas, is so low that routine pathologic quality control review is not cost-effective, in our opinion. However, pathology review may be pathology research, and in this circumstance, pathology review will be carried out to answer research questions. Whether or not pathology quality control review is needed should be determined at the time of development of each protocol. AUKempson RL EM8601 SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1207-10 MJClinical Trials; Pathology MNDiagnostic Errors; Lymphoma /PA; Neoplasms /DI /PA /TH; Public Policy; Quality Control; United States MTHuman IS0361-5960 LAEnglish JCCNM SBM; X UI86002223 TIPrognostic implications of blast cell morphology in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group. ABThe Childrens Cancer Study Group (CCSG) has evaluated French-American-British (FAB) morphology in newly diagnosed children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) since 1975. A modification of the FAB system was used in which individual lymphoblast cells were scored and designated as either L1 or L2 on the basis of distinctive morphologic characteristics. L1 ALL was defined as less than 10% L2 cells and greater than 90% L1 cells; L2 ALL was defined as greater than or equal to 10% L2 cells and less than 90% L1 cells. FAB morphology was an independent predictor of overall survival (P = 0.02) in CCSG-141 and a highly significant predictor of successful induction of complete remission and event-free survival in the CCSG-160 series (P = 0.00001). These studies involved nearly 3900 patients. Two concordance studies have been performed. In the first (1981) study, overall concordance between the FAB reference laboratory and member institutions was 76% using a two-category system (L1, non-L1), 86% for L1 cases, and 47% for non-L1 cases. In the second (1984) concordance study, the use of more stringent, semiquantitative definitions of L1 and L2 lymphoblasts did not improve overall (75%), L1 (89%), or non-L1 (46%) concordance. The results of reference laboratory classification more powerfully predicted event-free survival than did member institutions (P = 0.016 vs P = 0.125). Quality control factors (slide preparation, cellularity, staining quality, and discipline of the reviewer) did not influence concordance. These results justify the continued assignment of patients to protocols of the CCSG-100 series on the basis of the modified FAB classification. The biological significance of the FAB morphologic variants remains to be determined. AUMiller DR; Krailo M; Bleyer WA; Lukens JN; Siegel SE; Coccia PR; Weiner J; Hammond D EM8601 IDCA-13539; CA-02971; CA-17829; + SOCancer Treat Rep (United States), Oct 1985, 69(10) p1211-21 MJLeukemia, Lymphoblastic /PA MNChild; France; Great Britain; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic /CL /MO; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; United States MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0256-7040 LAEnglish JCCNV SBM UI86002224 TIHospital ethics committees: a pediatric neurosurgical perspective. ABThe Pediatric Neurosurgical Section of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons was polled regarding the status of hospital ethics committees. Twenty-four committees were identified in 74 pediatric neurosurgical centers in the United States. (Thirteen of these were formed between October 1983 and February 1984.) In addition, 21 are in the planning stages. Physicians predominate, with nurses, hospital administrators, the clergy, social workers, attorneys and lay persons usually represented. Functions include review of ethical and patient care decisions and providing counsel and support primarily to physicians and nurses. Rarely do committees make policy, determine prognosis or make final decisions regarding life-support systems. Approximately one case per year is reviewed. Committee formation frequently appears to be a crisis response to highly publicized pediatric cases and recent positions of the Department of Health and Human Services. Their purpose, construct, function and utilization raise serious questions as to their usefulness and necessity. AUGallo AE Jr EM8601 SOChilds Nerv Syst (United States), 1985, 1(3) p132-6 MJEthics; Hospitals; Professional Staff Committees MNCanada; Ethics, Institutional; Ethics, Medical; Neurosurgery; Pediatrics MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN96-45-7 (Ethylenethiourea) IS0256-7040 LAEnglish JCCNV SBM UI86002225 TITransplacental induction of myeloschisis associated with hindbrain crowding and other malformations in the central nervous system in Long-Evans rats. ABNine groups of 66 pregnant rats, grouped by gestation days 11 to 19, were subjected to a single, intragastric administration of ethylenethiourea (ETU). Cesarean section was performed on gestation day 20. No dam died following the ETU treatment, although a mortality as high as 21.2% was noted among the fetuses in this group; the remaining live fetuses were found to suffer from a high incidence of myeloschisis associated with hindbrain crowding. Exencephaly and abnormally enlarged head with occipital bossing due to the herniation of the mesencephalic tectum, with and without dilation of the mesencephalic and 4th ventricles, were induced among the fetuses of the dams given ETU at gestation days 12 and 13. Various degrees of hydranencephaly and dysplastic hydrocephalus were found among the fetuses of dams treated by ETU from gestation days 14 to 18. From the histological features of these malformations of the central nervous system (CNS), a possible mechanism in the induction of myeloschisis with hindbrain crowding induced by ETU is discussed, and compared with the previously reported similar malformations induced by trypan blue. AUSato K; Nakagata N; Hung CF; Wada M; Shimoji T; Ishii S EM8601 SOChilds Nerv Syst (United States), 1985, 1(3) p137-44 MJAbnormalities, Multiple; Central Nervous System; Ethylenethiourea; Imidazoles; Spinal Cord MNAbnormalities, Multiple /PA; Arnold-Chiari Deformity /CI; Brain /AB; Hydranencephaly /CI; Hydrocephalus /CI; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Microcephaly /CI; Pregnancy; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0256-7040 LAEnglish JCCNV SBM UI86002226 TIShunt placement and myelomeningocele repair: simultaneous vs sequential shunting. Review of 12 cases. ABThe optimal management of patients with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus is facilitated by a constant review of the patients with the aid of the sonogram and CT scan. Six infants treated with simultaneous shunt placement and myelomeningocele repair were compared with six other neonates treated with conventional sequential myelomeningocele repairs requiring a second separate procedure for shunt placement. Infants operated upon simultaneously experienced no increase in morbidity or mortality and appeared to benefit substantially. AUEpstein NE; Rosenthal AD; Zito J; Osipoff M EM8601 SOChilds Nerv Syst (United States), 1985, 1(3) p145-7 MJCerebrospinal Fluid Shunts /MT; Meningomyelocele MNCerebrospinal Fluid Shunts /AE; Equipment Failure; Evaluation Studies; Infant, Newborn; Postoperative Complications; Reoperation; Surgical Wound Infection /ET; Time Factors MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0256-7040 LAEnglish JCCNV SBM UI86002227 TIAnte-and postnatal evaluation of the Dandy-Walker syndrome. ABIn three cases an antenatal diagnosis of isolated Dandy-Walker cyst was made at 22-28 weeks of gestation by ultrasound examination. Biparietal growth and the relative severity of the anomaly remained constant, so that all cases could be safely delivered at term. Postnatally, the diagnosis was confirmed during the first days of life by ultrasound and computed tomography (CT). Early neonatal shunting procedures were performed. Dual shunts were inserted in all three cases, and mental and physical development were observed to be normal during a follow-up of from 1.5 to 4.5 years. Early antenatal diagnosis of Dandy-Walker cyst may improve the prognosis and reduce the mortality, which has been reported to be 30%-48%. Dual shunting of both the cyst in the posterior fossa and the lateral ventricles has proved to be a safe and reliable method during the neonatal period. AUSerlo W; Kirkinen P; Heikkinen E; Jouppila P EM8601 SOChilds Nerv Syst (United States), 1985, 1(3) p148-51 MJDandy-Walker Syndrome; Hydrocephalus; Prenatal Diagnosis MNDandy-Walker Syndrome /RA /SU; Follow-Up Studies; Pregnancy; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-74-6 (Indium) IS0256-7040 LAEnglish JCCNV SBM UI86002228 TIIn vitro evaluation of CSF shunt function by radionuclides. ABAn in vitro study of clearance of a radiolabeled marker was conducted on nine commonly used shunting devices. Clearance of 0.5 ml of 113mIn-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) injected into the chamber, by water infused through the system at constant rate (0.034-0.46 ml/min), was measured by monitoring activity over the chamber and accumulating counts at 5-s intervals on a multichannel analyzer. Each flow rate was triplicated, and a graph of log value of counts versus time made. A mean t1/2 was computed for each flow rate and a new graph constructed. A best-fit curve constructed for the graph of each shunt system allows determination of flow rate for a known half time of isotope clearance. AUPendleton BD; Pollay M; Roberts PA; Hisey BN EM8601 SOChilds Nerv Syst (United States), 1985, 1(3) p152-7 MJCerebrospinal Fluid Shunts /ST; Indium; Radioisotopes MNCerebrospinal Fluid Shunts /IS; Evaluation Studies; Methods MTHuman IS0256-7040 LAEnglish JCCNV SBM UI86002229 TISevere head injury in children: early prognosis and outcome. ABThe outcome is reported in 62 children with severe head injuries following a road traffic accident. All patients were comatose for at least 6 h; all patients were graded using the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) or the Children Coma Score (CCS). Fifty-four patients were comatose immediately after injury, 8 after a lucid interval. Thirty patients had isolated head injuries and 32 had associated injuries, either long bone fractures or rupture of an abdominal organ. Additional information concerning main brainstem reflexes, posture and respiration was included in the study. The overall mortality was 32%. The goal of the study was to identify those clinical features available soon after injury which are important indicators of treatment and outcome. AUZuccarello M; Facco E; Zampieri P; Zanardi L; Andrioli GC EM8601 SOChilds Nerv Syst (United States), 1985, 1(3) p158-62 MJHead Injuries MNAccidents, Traffic; Adolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Coma /PP; Head Injuries /TH; Infant; Posture; Prognosis; Reflex, Pupillary; Reflex; Respiration; Time Factors MTHuman IS0256-7040 LAEnglish JCCNV SBM UI86002230 TIShort-term culture of pediatric brain tumors. ABThree short-term culture systems were applied to ten pediatric brain tumors and two samples each of normal child's brain and fetal brain. Growth in monolayer occurred in nine of the ten tumors but normal child's brain also produced cellular growth in these conditions. Six of nine tumors tested also formed colonies in suspension in semisolid or liquid conditions which did not permit the growth of normal glial cells. Astrocytomas and medulloblastomas have distinctive growth patterns both in monolayer and in suspension culture. Fetal brain from midtrimester abortions contained cells which, like tumor, formed colonies in suspension. The semisolid culture system was then used to test the sensitivity of brain tumor stem cells to drugs and radiation in vitro. Survival curves representative of our experience with the medulloblastomas and astrocytomas are presented. It is concluded that the system may have value in screening new agents for activity against children's brain tumors but because of the relative rarity of these diseases, a cooperative effort would be required to produce useful results. AUMackillop WJ; Blundell J; Steele P EM8601 SOChilds Nerv Syst (United States), 1985, 1(3) p163-8 MJBrain Neoplasms; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Tumor Stem Cell Assay MNAdolescence; Antineoplastic Agents /PD; Astrocytoma; Brain /CY; Cell Survival /DE; Cells, Cultured; Child, Preschool; Child; Drug Screening /MT; Fetus; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Medulloblastoma; Time Factors MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN59-05-2 (Methotrexate) IS0256-7040 LAEnglish JCCNV SBM UI86002231 TIIntracranial sarcoma in childhood. ABThree cases of intracranial sarcomas in children are presented. The children were 1 month, 8 months and 7.5 years old. In two cases the tumor was in the cerebral hemisphere and in one case (the 7.5-year-old child) in the cerebellum. The histopathological diagnosis was undifferentiated sarcoma and spindle cell sarcoma in the cases with tumor in the cerebral hemisphere and arachnoidal sarcoma of the cerebellum. There was one postoperative death. The two children subjected to postoperative X-ray therapy and cytostatic therapy survived 1.75 years and 7 months, respectively. AUEllams ID; Hildebrandt G; Vuia O; Kaufmann U EM8601 SOChilds Nerv Syst (United States), 1985, 1(3) p169-71 MJBrain Neoplasms /PA; Sarcoma /PA MNBrain Neoplasms /DT /RA /SU; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Methotrexate /TU; Sarcoma /DT /RA /SU; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0256-7040 LAEnglish JCCNV SBM UI86002232 TIThe application of evoked potentials in the diagnosis and follow-up of children with intracranial tumors. ABSomatosensory and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (SSEPs and BAEPs) provide sensitive measures of the central conduction functions of the auditory and somatosensory input systems at different levels of the central nervous system. The contribution of SSEPs and BAEPs in the primary diagnosis and follow-up of 26 children with infra- and supratentorial tumors were reviewed. The SSEPs, especially the specific complex, showed a latency increase in patients with supratentorial and brainstem mass lesions involving directly or distantly the somatosensory tracts. The BAEPs were sensitive for supratentorial pressure effects and for local and distant posterior fossa tumor effects. In the follow-up of children, evoked potentials offer a good method of detecting tumor recurrence, whereas neuroradiological procedures may be obscured by surgical or radiation artifacts. AURotteveel JJ; Colon EJ; Hombergen G; Stoelinga GB; Lippens R EM8601 SOChilds Nerv Syst (United States), 1985, 1(3) p172-8 MJBrain Neoplasms; Brain Stem; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory MNAdolescence; Adult; Brain Neoplasms /PP /RA; Child, Preschool; Child; Follow-Up Studies; Infant; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 1.14.- (Steroid Hydroxylases); EC 1.14.15.4 (Steroid-11-Hydroxylase); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) IS0256-7040 LAEnglish JCCNV SBM UI86002233 TIPseudotumor cerebri in a boy with 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency--a possible relation to rapid steroid withdrawal. ABA boy who was known to suffer from adrenogenital syndrome due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency was treated with appropriate steroid replacement, which fully compensated for the deficiency. An intercurrent febrile illness with anorexia and vomiting necessitated an abrupt discontinuation of steroids. He presented with classic signs of pseudotumor cerebri 3 days following steroid withdrawal. Our studies imply that a combination of steroid withdrawal and dehydration with increased sodium urinary excretion, caused rapid fluid shifts within the brain, resulting in intracranial hypertension. At present, when a considerable number of children are on long-term steroids for various reasons, pseudotumor cerebri should be considered in the list of complications during abrupt steroid withdrawal. AUZadik Z; Barak Y; Stager D; Kaufman H; Levin S; Gadoth N EM8601 SOChilds Nerv Syst (United States), 1985, 1(3) p179-81 MJHydrocortisone; Pseudotumor Cerebri; Steroid Hydroxylases; Steroid-11-Hydroxylase; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome MNAdrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital /DT; Child MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0256-7040 LAEnglish JCCNV SBM UI86002235 TIA cranial nail for fetal shunting. ABA small number of human fetal hydrocephalics have been treated by ventriculoamniotic shunts of silastic tubing. The Colorado device appears to be the one most commonly used. The original experimental device tested on a primate model resembled a hollow shingle nail. This was designed by Michedja and Hodgen, contained a spring valve, measured approximately 32 X 4 mm and was placed by hysterotomy. An attractive feature of this design was its fixation by impaction in the skull, preventing displacement by fetal activity, a reported disadvantage with the silastic devices. To our knowledge, no one has used this nail-like design and tailored it to transuterine percutaneous placement in a human case. AUSaunders RL; Simmons GM; Edwards WH; Crow HC EM8601 SOChilds Nerv Syst (United States), 1985, 1(3) p185-7 MJCerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; Fetal Diseases; Hydrocephalus /SU MNAdult; Hydrocephalus /EM; Pregnancy MTCase Report; Female; Human RN0 (lactosaminoglycan) IS0008-6215 LAEnglish JCCNY SBM UI86002236 TIA rapid mass-spectrometric procedure for probing the non-reducing structures of lactosaminoglycan-containing glycoconjugates. AUOates JE; Dell A; Fukuda M; Fukuda MN EM8601 IDCA-33000; CA-33895; CA-34014 SOCarbohydr Res (Netherlands), Aug 15 1985, 141(1) p149-52 MJAmino Sugars; Polysaccharides MNSpectrum Analysis, Mass /MT MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (soybean hemagglutinin); 0 (soybean lectin receptor) IS0008-6215 LAEnglish JCCNY SBM UI86002237 TIExperimental modification of N-linked sugars of membrane proteins in a lymphoma cell line affects the binding of soybean agglutinin but not of several other lectins. AUHooghe RJ; Vander Meeren M; Vander Plaetse F; Greimers R EM8601 SOCarbohydr Res (Netherlands), Aug 15 1985, 141(1) p172-7 MJLectins; Lymphoma; Membrane Proteins; Receptors, Mitogen MNCell Line; Cell Membrane /ME; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Soybeans MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN109-72-8 (butyllithium); 37281-36-0 (Ovomucin); 67-68-5 (Dimethyl Sulfoxide); 7439-93-2 (Lithium) IS0008-6215 LAEnglish JCCNY SBM UI86002238 TIA convenient method for methylation of glycoprotein glycans in small amounts by using lithium methylsulfinyl carbanion. ABTreatment of dimethyl sulfoxide with butyllithium leads to rapid formation of lithium methylsulfinyl carbanion. The reaction products tend to be significantly freer from impurities when lithium methylsulfinyl carbanion is used rather than sodium or potassium methylsulfinyl carbanion. This reagent gives less background in g.l.c. and thus may be used to methylate micro-quantities of glycoprotein glycans (down to 10 micrograms) without the necessity of identifying methyl ethers by mass spectrometry. AUParente JP; Cardon P; Leroy Y; Montreuil J; Fournet B; Ricart G EM8601 SOCarbohydr Res (Netherlands), Aug 15 1985, 141(1) p41-7 MJDimethyl Sulfoxide; Glycoproteins; Polysaccharides MNChickens; Indicators and Reagents; Lithium; Methylation; Oligosaccharides; Ovomucin MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0393-1978 LAItalian JCCOE UI86002241 TI[Drug therapy of angina pectoris] AUScrutinio D; Chiddo A; Mastrangelo D; Lagioia R; Rizzon P TT[Terapia farmacologica dell'angina pectoris.] EM8601 SOCardiologia (Italy), Jan 1985, 30 Suppl 1 p1-93 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Angina Pectoris; Calcium Channel Blockers; Vasodilator Agents MNAngina Pectoris /PP MCReview MTComparative Study; Human RN0 (glucose-insulin-potassium cardioplegic solution); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0008-6363 LAEnglish JCCOR SBM UI86002242 TIMyocardial metabolic and morphometric changes during canine endotoxin shock before and after glucose-insulin-potassium. ABGlucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) improves myocardial function during endotoxin shock but the mechanism of this action is not clear. We have studied in open chest dogs the effects of GIK (n = 9) on haemodynamics, myocardial biochemistry (repeated drill biopsies; glucose-6-phosphate, G-6-P; fructose-6-phosphate, F-6-P; adenosine triphosphate, ATP; creatinine phosphate, CP; glycogen) and myocardial histomorphometry. The animals were anaesthetised (etomidate 4 mg X kg-1 X h-1) and artificially ventilated (N2O:O2 = 2:1). After endotoxin (1.5 mg X kg-1) cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell rapidly, with a temporary recovery followed by gradual circulatory collapse. Coronary blood flow (cbf; radioactive microspheres) decreased, but this was not significant. G-6-P tended to fall, as did ATP levels while CP levels were unaltered. Histomorphometrical analysis showed myocardial cell swelling with compression of capillaries and decreased interstitial volume. GIK infusion (50% glucose, 2 g X kg-1bw, 8 mmol KCl and 3 U insulin kg-1bw) increased CO and coronary blood flow. Glycogen and G-6-P levels did not change, while F-6-P tended to increase. ATP levels were not influenced by ATP/CP ratio decreased. Myocardial cell swelling markedly decreased; average capillary cross-sectional area, as an index of capillary compression, returned to control value. In two dogs, which died before the end of the experiment, myocardial oedema, with disturbed capillary volume and reduced interstitial volume was unaltered after GIK. The initial effects of GIK are most likely due to restoration of myocardial perfusion. Improved perfusion, and the influence of elevated serum osmolality and insulin levels on excitation-contraction coupling may help to improve myocardial function. AUBronsveld W; van Lambalgen AA; van Velzen D; van den Bos GC; Koopman PA; Thijs LG EM8601 SOCardiovasc Res (England), Aug 1985, 19(8) p455-64 MJGlucose /PD; Insulin; Myocardium; Potassium; Shock, Septic MNCapillaries /PA; Coronary Circulation /DE; Dogs; Glucose /ME; Lactates /ME; Myocardium /PA; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Shock, Septic /PA MTAnimal RN75-71-8 (freon-12) IS0008-6363 LAEnglish JCCOR SBM UI86002243 TIMechanism of liposoluble drugs and general anaesthetic's membrane action: action of difluorodichloromethane (FC 12) on different types of cardiac fibres isolated from sheep hearts. ABThe effect of difluorodichloromethane (FC 12), a chemically stable aerosol propellant which has long been considered innocuous, on several types of cardiac fibres isolated from sheep hearts after preparation in a nutritive solution was studied. Modifications in resistance and transmembrane potentials suggested a mechanism of FC 12 action. Physical constraint on membrane structures produced by high FC 12 concentrations from simple dissolution in the internal lipid layer explain modifications in cardiac membrane properties. Variable effects of FC 12 with localisation and time on automatism, excitability, and conduction in various types of cardiac tissue agreed with earlier observations of the depressive and arrhythmia effect of this gas on isolated and in situ hearts. AULessard Y; Paulet G EM8601 SOCardiovasc Res (England), Aug 1985, 19(8) p465-73 MJFreons; Heart MNAction Potentials /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart /PH; Membrane Potentials /DE; Purkinje Fibers /DE; Sheep; Sinoatrial Node /DE MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN4205-90-7 (Clonidine); 465-65-6 (Naloxone) IS0008-6363 LAEnglish JCCOR SBM UI86002244 TIEffect of clonidine and naloxone on the pressor response during contraction of cat hind-limb muscles. ABThe possible involvement of an adrenergic-endorphin system in the mediation of the pressor response to isometric muscular contraction was studied in cats. Fatiguing contractions of the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles caused an increase in the mean arterial blood pressure by 35 to 70 mmHg. Intravenous infusion (30 micrograms X kg-1) as well as intracisternal injection (2.5 micrograms) of clonidine-HCl eliminated the pressor response to muscular contraction. In both sets of experiments, the mean blood pressure remained at the resting level throughout the duration of the isometric contraction. Injection of naloxone (0.5 mumol X litre-1) into the cisterna magna did not alter the resting blood pressure and did not affect the rise in mean arterial pressure during muscle contractions. Intracisternal injection of naloxone (0.5 mumol X litre-1) prior to an intracisternal injection of clonidine (2.5 micrograms) did not alter the resting blood pressure but effectively antagonised the anti-pressor effects of clonidine during fatiguing isometric contractions. These data may indicate that activation of muscle ╥ergoreceptor╙ afferents (group III and IV fibres) during muscular contraction may cause an increase in the arterial blood pressure by interfering with an inhibitory adrenergic-endorphinergic pathway in the brainstem. AUWilliams CA EM8601 SOCardiovasc Res (England), Aug 1985, 19(8) p474-82 MJBlood Pressure; Clonidine /PD; Isometric Contraction; Muscle Contraction; Naloxone MNCats; Clonidine /AI; Hindlimb MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-06-9 (Procainamide); 52-53-9 (Verapamil); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 60719-84-8 (amrinone); 76-74-4 (Pentobarbital) IS0008-6363 LAEnglish JCCOR SBM UI86002245 TIThe beneficial effect of amrinone on acute drug-induced heart failure in the anaesthetised dog. ABAmrinone, a positive inotropic-vasodilator agent, was administered to anaesthetised dogs in an attempt to reverse heart failure induced by drugs possessing negative inotropic properties. Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker; verapamil, a calcium slow-channel blocker procainamide, a type 1 antiarrhythmic agent; or sodium pentobarbital, a barbituate; administered as a bolus injection and/or infusion, produced a sustained depression in canine cardiac function. Cardiac depression was characterised by a greater than 40% reduction in cardiac contractile force (CF) and maximum left ventricular pressure development (LV dp/dtmax), a 30 to 50% reduction in cardiac output (CO) and concomitant increases in mean central venous or mean right atrial blood pressures (CVP, RAP, respectively). Amrinone, when administered intravenously as a bolus injection (1 or 3 mg X kg-1) plus an infusion (0.03 or 0.1 mg X kg-1 X min-1) reversed the depression in cardiac function by increasing CF, CO and LV dp/dtmax and decreasing preload CVP or RAP in all four drug-induced failure models. Due to the vasodilator properties of amrinone, afterload, total peripheral resistance (TPR), was reduced in verapamil and procainamide failures as well as in propranolol failure, the only model where TPR increases. In another model of heart failure, in which ouabain-induced arrhythmias preceded procainamide toxicity, amrinone was also an effective cardiotonic agent. Ouabain's inotropic effect was studied in propranolol-induced heart failure. Although an increase in LV dp/dtmax and a decrease in CVP were noted, ouabain (40 micrograms X kg-1 iv) increased TPR and had little effect on the depression in CF and CO. Drug-induced models of heart failure were useful pharmacological tools for evaluating the cardiotonic agent's ability to overcome severe cardiac depression. In propranolol-, verapamil-, procainamide-, and pentobarbital-induced cardiac toxicity, amrinone could be of therapeutic value. AUAlousi AA; Canter JM; Fort DJ EM8601 SOCardiovasc Res (England), Aug 1985, 19(8) p483-94 MJAminopyridines; Cardiotonic Agents; Heart Failure, Congestive /DT MNBlood Pressure /DE; Cardiac Output /DE; Central Venous Pressure /DE; Dogs; Heart Failure, Congestive /CI /PP; Pentobarbital; Procainamide; Propranolol; Vascular Resistance /DE; Verapamil MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0008-6363 LAEnglish JCCOR SBM UI86002246 TISubendocardial and subepicardial segmental function changes in the dog heart due to gradual coronary flow reduction by an acutely developing thrombus. ABRegional myocardial dynamics were assessed during continuous, gradual coronary flow reductions caused by spontaneous thrombus formation in the stenosed left circumflex coronary artery of eight open chest dogs. Contractile changes in the subendocardial and subepicardial layers were measured by ultrasonic crystal techniques. Segment length shortening was continuously measured as coronary flow reductions occurred. Contractile dysfunction in the subendocardium preceded that in the subepicardium. At lowest flow levels the subendocardial function degenerated to severe holosystolic bulging whereas some systolic shortening was maintained in the subepicardium. Exponential equations derived to express changes in end diastolic segment length and end systolic length as a function of coronary blood flow for both subendocardium and subepicardium indicated that increases in end systolic length were a more sensitive index of ischaemia than increases in end diastolic length for both the subendocardium and subepicardium during coronary flow reduction. Comparison of exponential curves of end diastolic segment length vs coronary blood flow in subendocardium and subepicardium showed a small but significant difference (p less than 0.02). Comparison of exponential curves of end systolic length vs coronary blood flow in subendocardium and subepicardium showed a large difference in changes at end systole occurring between subendocardium and subepicardium (p less than 0.001). Active contraction of the subepicardium may serve to limit the extent of paradoxical systolic segment lengthening in the underlying ischaemic myocardium and thus help to preserve ventricular function during acute gradual coronary flow limitation. AUBertha BG; Folts JD EM8601 IDNIH-HL29586-03 SOCardiovasc Res (England), Aug 1985, 19(8) p495-506 MJCoronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Heart MNBlood Pressure; Diastole; Dogs; Myocardial Contraction; Systole MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.1.1.27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase); EC 1.3.99.1 (Succinate Dehydrogenase); EC 2.7.1.40 (Pyruvate Kinase); EC 4.1.3.7 (Citrate Synthase) IS0008-6363 LAEnglish JCCOR SBM UI86002247 TICalf muscle adaptation to peripheral vascular disease. AB130 muscle biopsies were taken from the gastrocnemius of 82 patients with different degrees of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and 19 normal controls for histochemical analysis, and 30 patients and 7 controls for biochemical analysis of ╥aerobic╙ and ╥anaerobic╙ enzymes. The results showed that the gastrocnemius of patients with PVD did not adapt by increasing its ╥aerobic╙ potential as previously suggested. Histochemical studies showed that the cross-sectional area of both Type 1 and Type 2 muscle fibres became smaller than those from age-matched controls in the presence of PVD, and in some cases biopsies from both legs confirmed that this trend was greater in those limbs with increasing evidence of PVD. There is also some evidence to suggest a decrease in absolute capillary numbers per muscle fibre. The biochemical assays confirmed decreased levels of aerobic enzymes with increasing evidence of PVD as judged by ankle systolic pressure, and those patients with intermittent claudication showed some evidence of increased anaerobic enzyme levels in comparison to both the normal controls and those with rest pain. Patients with PVD do not adapt to ischaemia/anoxia by increasing their aerobic capability, but show signs of muscle atrophy probably due to reduced mobility. Training regimes may benefit patients with intermittent claudication by reversing these changes. AUClyne CA; Mears H; Weller RO; O'Donnell TF EM8601 SOCardiovasc Res (England), Aug 1985, 19(8) p507-12 MJAdaptation, Physiological; Muscles /EN; Vascular Diseases MNAged; Citrate Synthase /ME; Histocytochemistry; Intermittent Claudication /ME; Ischemia /ME; Lactate Dehydrogenase /ME; Leg; Middle Age; Muscles /BS /PA; Pyruvate Kinase /ME; Succinate Dehydrogenase /ME; Vascular Diseases /PA MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-6363 LAEnglish JCCOR SBM UI86002248 TIAbstracts of symposium organised by the Cardiac Muscle Research Group. Bath, 16 April 1985. EM8601 SOCardiovasc Res (England), Aug 1985, 19(8) p513-24 MJHeart; Myocardial Contraction MTAnimal RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 59-42-7 (Phenylephrine) IS0008-6363 LAEnglish JCCOR SBM UI86002249 TIInhibition of the baroreceptor heart rate reflex by angiotensin II in normal man. ABEight normotensive male subjects were infused with angiotensin II or phenylephrine in a single blind fashion. Measurements were made of blood pressure and pulse interval every 3 min, and blood drawn for plasma catecholamines at the beginning and end of the infusion. Phenylephrine produced a rise in blood pressure which was associated with a bradycardia in all subjects. A statistically significant relationship between blood pressure and pulse interval was observed in all subjects. In contrast, angiotensin II infusion produced an equal pressor response, but the change in pulse interval was statistically significantly less than that seen following phenylephrine infusion. In seven of eight subjects no significant relationship was observed between blood pressure and pulse interval. Plasma noradrenaline levels were similar before each pressor infusion and were unchanged during each infusion. These observations are consistent with central inhibition of the baroreceptor heart rate reflex by angiotensin II in man. AUMace PJ; Watson RD; Skan W; Littler WA EM8601 SOCardiovasc Res (England), Sep 1985, 19(9) p525-7 MJAngiotensin II; Heart Rate; Pressoreceptors; Reflex MNAdult; Blood Pressure /DE; Depression, Chemical; Norepinephrine /PD; Phenylephrine /PD MTHuman; Male RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 72509-76-3 (felodipine); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0008-6363 LAEnglish JCCOR SBM UI86002250 TILack of effect of anti-hypertensive treatment with felodipine on cardiovascular structure of young spontaneously hypertensive rats. ABFelodipine (4(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2, 6-dimethyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl pyridine)), a selective vasodilating anti-hypertensive drug, was used in the treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) from age 6 to 14 weeks, ie during the time of high blood pressure development in SHRs. The effect of treatment on heart weight and on mesenteric resistance vessels (i.d. ca 170 microns) characteristics was investigated. In a first study, two oral doses of felodipine were added to the diet of SHRs, in concentrations of either 0.5 or 1.5 mg X g-1 rat food. Both treatments lowered mean arterial pressure by about 19% (p less than 0.001). In a second study, the lower dose of felodipine (0.5 mg . g-1 rat food) was therefore used to treat both SHRs and WKYs. Treatment did not interfere with weight or food intake of either SHRs or WKYs but increased average weekly water intake significantly. In neither strain was the pulse rate or, surprisingly, heart/body weight ratio affected by treatment. Furthermore, mesenteric resistance vessel morphology and mechanics were not affected by the blood pressure reduction. The noradrenaline and calcium sensitivity of mesenteric resistance vessels from treated rats was greater (p less than 0.001) than those from control rats. These findings indicate that blood pressure reduction with felodipine does not affect cardiovascular structure in young SHRs. AUNyborg NC; Mulvany MJ EM8601 SOCardiovasc Res (England), Sep 1985, 19(9) p528-36 MJAntihypertensive Agents; Cardiovascular System; Nifedipine MNBlood Pressure /DE; Calcium /PD; Heart /AH; Mesenteric Arteries /DE; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /DE; Nifedipine /PD; Norepinephrine /PD; Organ Weight /DE; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN127-17-3 (pyruvic acid); 300-85-6 (3-hydroxybutyric acid); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 64-69-7 (iodoacetic acid); 66-28-4 (Strophanthidin); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0008-6363 LAEnglish JCCOR SBM UI86002251 TIReversal of strophanthidin negative inotropy by metabolic substrates in cardiac Purkinje fibres. ABThe action of substrates and metabolic inhibitors on strophanthidin inotropy was studied in canine cardiac Purkinje fibres perfused in vitro. Both membrane potentials and contractile force were recorded. The results show that: 1) pyruvate (1 to 10 mmol X litre-1) decreases and then increases contractile force in Tyrode solution or in the presence of a low concentration of strophanthidin without modifying the action potential magnitude or configuration; 2) during the decreasing (but not the increasing) phase of strophanthidin (2 to 5 X 10(-7) mol X litre-1) inotropy, pyruvate increases contractile force; 3) beta-hydroxybutyrate has effects similar to those of pyruvate; 4) glucose increases contractile force and more so during the descending phase of strophanthidin inotropy; 5) the positive inotropic effect of pyruvate during declining strophanthidin inotropy is not prevented by glucose-lack and/or by iodoacetate but is markedly reduced in a hypoxic solution; 6) in contrast, glucose under similar conditions has the usual effects in hypoxia but not in the presence of iodoacetate; 7) the combination of hypoxia and glucose-lack leads to a decline in contractile force and to contracture: strophanthidin increases both contractile and resting force whereas O2 and/or glucose relax the contracture; 8) pyruvate has a positive inotropic effect also in the presence of high (greater than 10 mmol X litre-1) calcium. It is concluded that the decline in contractile force during exposure to strophanthidin or high calcium can be reversed by providing suitable substrates and therefore may involve a deficit in the production of high energy phosphates. AUIshikawa S; Vassalle M EM8601 IDHL17451 SOCardiovasc Res (England), Sep 1985, 19(9) p537-51 MJHeart Conduction System; Myocardial Contraction; Purkinje Fibers; Pyruvates; Strophanthidin MNAction Potentials /DE; Calcium /ME /PD; Depression, Chemical; Dogs; Glucose /PD; Hydroxybutyrates /PD; Iodoacetates /PD; Oxygen /DF; Purkinje Fibers /ME MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN3617-44-5 (Phenylalanine); 9013-26-7 (Actomyosin) IS0008-6363 LAEnglish JCCOR SBM UI86002252 TIRates of synthesis of actomyosin in atria and ventricles of the perfused working rat heart. ABActomyosin from hearts perfused in vitro with [U-14C] phenylalanine and the remaining plasma amino acids was purified by standard techniques. The rate of actomyosin synthesis was expressed relative to actomyosin protein, to total protein and to total RNA. The rate of atrial total protein synthesis was twice the ventricular rate correlating with the RNA/protein ratios of the compartments. The actomyosin contents relative to total protein were not significantly different in atria and ventricles. The rate of actomyosin synthesis in atria was 2 to 3 times greater than in the ventricles when expressed relative to actomyosin or total protein. Synthesis rates of actomyosin expressed relative to total RNA were similar in the two compartments. These results suggest that the rate of turnover of actomyosin in the atria is 2 to 3 times the ventricular rate and that the greater rate of synthesis of total protein synthesis in atria is reflected in the rate of synthesis of specific intramyocytic proteins. AUSmith DM; Sugden PH EM8601 SOCardiovasc Res (England), Sep 1985, 19(9) p552-8 MJActomyosin; Myocardium /ME MNActomyosin /IP; Chromatography, Gel; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Heart Atrium /ME; Heart Ventricle /ME; Myocardium /AN; Perfusion; Phenylalanine /AN; Proteins /AN /ME; RNA /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN58-74-2 (Papaverine) IS0008-6363 LAEnglish JCCOR SBM UI86002253 TICharacterisation of aorto-iliac arterial stenoses in terms of pressure and flow. ABAorto-iliac stenoses were characterised in terms of pressure drop and flow velocity in a canine model and in patients with occlusive arterial disease. Pressure above and below the stenosis was measured intra-arterially and flow related measurements were made at rest and during reactive hyperaemia in the dog, and following papaverine administration in patients. The addition of flow velocity information to the pressure drop across a stenosis gave an increased separation of stenoses in the experimental animal and also in man. AUBaker AR; Prytherch DR; Evans DH; Bell PR EM8601 SOCardiovasc Res (England), Sep 1985, 19(9) p559-66 MJArterial Occlusive Diseases /PP; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure MNAorta /PP; Arterial Occlusive Diseases /DI; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Iliac Artery /PP; Papaverine /DU; Ultrasonic Diagnosis /IS MTAnimal; Human RN52-53-9 (Verapamil); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0008-6363 LAEnglish JCCOR SBM UI86002254 TIVerapamil induced increment of oxygen extraction in the arteriosclerotic limb. ABThe acute effect of intravenously administered verapamil (0.08 mg X kg-1 body weight, mean dose 5.1 +/- 0.7 mg) on oxygen exchange and arterial blood flow (measured electromagnetically) of the lower limb was studied during reconstructive arterial surgery in 17 patients with obliterative arterial disease of the lower limbs. Verapamil increased oxygen extraction in the diseased leg by 12% (from a median value of 28.3 to 31.6 ml X litre-1, p less than 0.01) whereas it had no effect on arterial blood flow. The increment of oxygen extraction after drug administration correlated negatively with the walking distance of the patients (r = 0.69, p less than 0.01). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly by 10% and 6%, respectively, whereas heart rate remained unchanged after the administration of verapamil. The results suggest that verapamil might be beneficial in the treatment of patients with intermittent claudication, despite the fact that no vasodilatation was seen after the drug. AUBagger JP; Mathar R; Paulsen PK; Gormsen J; Olsen KH EM8601 SOCardiovasc Res (England), Sep 1985, 19(9) p567-9 MJIntermittent Claudication; Oxygen; Verapamil MNAged; Blood Pressure /DE; Ischemia /PP; Leg; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.5.4 (Nucleoside Deaminases); EC 3.5.4.4 (Adenosine Deaminase); 134-58-7 (Azaguanine); 58-61-7 (Adenosine); 73-24-5 (Adenine) IS0008-6363 LAEnglish JCCOR SBM UI86002256 TIEffect of adenosine deaminase inhibitors on myocardial reactive hyperaemia following brief coronary occlusions. ABEffect of two agents of adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 8-azaguanine and adenine, on myocardial reactive hyperaemia was tested in the anaesthetised open-chest dog. Reactive hyperaemic flow response of the circumflex coronary artery was observed following 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 s coronary occlusions before, during and after infusion of 8-azaguanine and adenine, which are known as adenosine deaminase inhibitors. Intracoronary infusion of 8-azaguanine and adenine caused the minimum increase in the baseline coronary flow. Both the nucleic acids shifted the dose response curve of adenosine to the left. 8-azaguanine enhanced volume response of flow at all occlusion intervals tested. The infused dose of adenine also intensified volume response of flow after 5, 15, 20 and 30 s occlusions. Fifteen minutes after termination of the nucleic acid infusions, the reactive hyperaemia returned towards control levels. The results suggest that 8-azaguanine and adenine enhance myocardial reactive hyperaemia possibly by inhibiting adenosine deaminase to degradate myocardial interstitial adenosine to inosine. AUSaito D; Abe Y; Tani H; Takeda K; Hyodo T; Nakatsu T; Ueeda M; Kusachi S EM8601 SOCardiovasc Res (England), Sep 1985, 19(9) p578-83 MJAdenosine Deaminase; Adenosine /PH; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Heart; Hyperemia; Nucleoside Deaminases MNAdenine /PD; Adenosine /PD; Azaguanine /PD; Blood Flow Velocity /DE; Coronary Vessels; Dogs MTAnimal RN525-66-6 (Propranolol); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0008-6363 LAEnglish JCCOR SBM UI86002257 TIIsoprenaline-evinced disturbances in action potentials from hearts of young cardiomyopathic hamsters. ABThe electrophysiology of ventricular cells from prenecrotic stage 10 to 14 day old hamsters with hereditary cardiomyopathy (BIO 14.6 strain) was studied with the intent of learning more about the previously documented relationship of stimulation with beta-adrenergic agonist and the sarcolemmal defect contributing to the excessive uptake of calcium by diseased cells. Before catecholamine treatment only slight differences were observed in the configuration of action potentials of myopathics and control random bred hamsters (BIO RB strain). However, isoprenaline in varying concentrations, increased the action potential duration (APD) at 50% and 95% repolarisation levels to a significantly greater extent in myopathics than in controls. Repetition of the dose-response to isoprenaline in the presence of the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (0.1 mumol X litre-1) permitted the calculation of the dissociation equilibrium constant for the antagonist. The similarity of dissociation constants between strains, 0.008 mumol X litre-1 for controls and 0.011 mumol X litre-1 for myopathics, suggests that a difference in interstrain receptor affinities is an unlikely cause of the isoprenaline effect. Rather, the data are more consistent with the hyper-sensitivity resulting from larger numbers of beta-adrenoceptors on sarcolemma of myopathic cells. Also, the increase in APD of myopathics indicates that isoproterenol elicits an imbalance of slow inward calcium and late outward potassium currents. The possible significance of the isoprenaline hyper-sensitivity, which is the earliest pathophysiology seen in this disease, to the etiology of cellular calcium overload and degeneration of diseased myocardium remains to be determined. AURossner KL EM8601 IDHL 31423 SOCardiovasc Res (England), Sep 1985, 19(9) p584-8 MJHeart /PP; Isoproterenol; Myocardial Diseases MNAction Potentials /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hamsters; Heart /DE; Mesocricetus; Propranolol /PD MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0008-6363 LAEnglish JCCOR SBM UI86002258 TIIntimal hyperplasia in autogenous vein grafts used for arterial bypass: a canine model. ABLate vein graft occlusion following myocardial revascularisation is usually the result of progressive intimal hyperplasia which ultimately leads to vein graft thrombosis. Considerable attention has recently been directed towards the development of optimal platelet-inhibiting drug regimens designed to prevent intimal hyperplasia in autogenous vein grafts. This report describes an animal model that reliably reproduces short-term intimal hyperplasia in autogenous vein grafts, thus facilitating the study of platelet-inhibiting drug regimens for the prevention of intimal hyperplasia. 28 segments of undistended jugular vein were implanted end-to-end between bilaterally divided femoral arteries in 14 mongrel dogs. Seven control animals (CON) received a non-lipid diet one week before and for 6 weeks following vein implantation. A further seven animals received a 2% cholesterol diet throughout the study. Serum cholesterol was measured at 4.06 +/- 0.6 mmol X litre-1 in the CON and did not change significantly throughout the study. Serum cholesterol rose from 3.9 +/- 0.4 to 8.5 +/- 0.8 mmol X litre-1 in the lipid-supplemented animals (p less than 0.001). Vein grafts were harvested at 6 weeks and fixed in formaldehyde. Precise measurements of intimal thickness in microns were measured from multiple vein graft cross-sections with a Zeiss computerised interactive image analysing system. A mean of 102 +/- 15 measurements were made from each vein graft cross-section. Intimal thickness of autogenous vein grafts prior to implantation were similar in both groups and measured 4.15 +/- 0.4 micron. Intimal thickness increased in CON animals to 23.3 +/- 3 microns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AULandymore RW; Kinley CE; Cameron CA EM8601 SOCardiovasc Res (England), Sep 1985, 19(9) p589-92 MJAortocoronary Bypass; Disease Models, Animal; Graft Occlusion, Vascular; Hyperplasia MNCholesterol, Dietary /AD; Dogs; Femoral Artery; Jugular Veins /PA /TR MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-7335 LACzech JCCPY UI86002259 TI[Risks in handling antineoplastic chemotherapeutic agents] AUKlener P TT[Rizika manipulace s protinadorovymi chemoterapeutiky.] EM8601 SOCas Lek Cesk (Czechoslovakia), Jul 19 1985, 124(29) p897-901 MJAbnormalities, Drug-Induced; Antineoplastic Agents; Health Occupations; Occupational Diseases MNPregnancy; Risk MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human IS0008-7335 LACzech JCCPY UI86002261 TI[Intermittently studied dynamics of systolic time intervals in intensive care units] AUKakac J ; Kohout P; Sochor K TT[Intervalove sledovani dynamiky systolickych casovych intervalu v podminkach oddeleni intenzivni pece.] EM8601 SOCas Lek Cesk (Czechoslovakia), Jul 19 1985, 124(29) p906-11 MJMyocardial Contraction; Myocardial Infarction; Systole MNIntensive Care Units; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0008-7335 LACzech JCCPY UI86002262 TI[Stress and the excretion of catecholamines in patients after kidney transplantation] AUHonzak R ; Prat V ; Veselkova A ; Brodan V TT[Stres a vylucovani katecholaminu u nemocnych po transplantaci ledviny.] EM8601 SOCas Lek Cesk (Czechoslovakia), Jul 19 1985, 124(29) p912-3 MJCatecholamines; Kidney; Stress, Psychological MNMiddle Age; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN41575-94-4 (diammine-1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylate platinum II) IS0008-7335 LACzech JCCPY UI86002264 TI[Carboplatin--a new platinum cytostatic] AUHejl J; Hejlova N ; Mechl Z; Pipalova I ; Juraskova V TT[Carboplatin--nove platinove cytostatikum.] EM8601 SOCas Lek Cesk (Czechoslovakia), Jul 19 1985, 124(29) p917-8 MJAntineoplastic Agents; Organoplatinum Compounds MNAntineoplastic Agents /TU; Dogs; Mice; Organoplatinum Compounds /TU; Rats MTAnimal; Human IS0008-7335 LACzech JCCPY UI86002265 TI[Jedrzej Sniadecki and the treatment of rickets] AUObermajer J PSSniadecki J TT[Jedrzej Sniadecki a leceni krivice.] EM8601 SOCas Lek Cesk (Czechoslovakia), Jul 19 1985, 124(29) p919-21 MJRickets MNHistory of Medicine, 18th Cent.; History of Medicine, 19th Cent.; Poland; Rickets /TH MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography MTHuman IS0008-7335 LACzech JCCPY UI86002266 TI[Soviet research on the regeneration and transplantation of central nervous system tissue] AUBures J TT[Sovetsky vyzkum regenerace a transplantace tkani CNS.] EM8601 SOCas Lek Cesk (Czechoslovakia), Jul 19 1985, 124(29) p922-4 MJNerve Tissue MNBrain /PH; Regeneration; Research; USSR MTAnimal; Human IS0008-7335 LACzech JCCPY UI86002267 TI[Problems in environmental protection in relation to pharmacology] AUSistek F TT[Problematika ochrany zivotniho prostredi ve vztahu k farmakologii.] EM8601 SOCas Lek Cesk (Czechoslovakia), Sep 13 1985, 124(37) p1153-6 MJEnvironmental Pollutants; Pesticides MNCarcinogens, Environmental MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0008-7335 LACzech JCCPY UI86002268 TI[The present state of male contraception] AUZverina J TT[Soucasny stav muzske antikoncepce.] EM8601 SOCas Lek Cesk (Czechoslovakia), Sep 13 1985, 124(37) p1157-61 MJContraceptive Agents, Male; Vasectomy MNContraceptive Devices, Male MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman; Male IS0008-7335 LACzech JCCPY UI86002269 TI[Characterization of non-specific organ autoantibodies] AURaska I ; Cebecauer L; Lejnar J TT[K otazce charakterizace organove nespecifickych autoprotilatek.] EM8601 SOCas Lek Cesk (Czechoslovakia), Sep 13 1985, 124(37) p1162-6 MJAntibody Specificity; Autoantibodies /IM MNAntinuclear Factors /CL /IM; Autoantibodies /CL MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0008-7335 LACzech JCCPY UI86002270 TI[Basic health care of the aged] AUSipr K TT[Zakladni pece o zdravi starych lidi.] EM8601 SOCas Lek Cesk (Czechoslovakia), Sep 13 1985, 124(37) p1167-9 MJHealth Services for the Aged MNAged; Primary Health Care MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0008-7335 LACzech JCCPY UI86002271 TI[12 or 16 hours of hemodialysis weekly? A Czechoslovak coil dialyzer, 2 x 6 or 2 x 8 hours weekly] AULisy Z ; Tomasek R TT[Dvanact nebo sestnact hodin hemodialyzy tydne? Cs. civkovy dialyzator, 2 x 6 nebo 2 x 8 hodin tydne.] EM8601 SOCas Lek Cesk (Czechoslovakia), Sep 13 1985, 124(37) p1170-4 MJHemodialysis; Kidney Failure, Chronic /TH; Kidney, Artificial MNAdult; Aged; Kidney Failure, Chronic /PP; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0008-7335 LASlovak JCCPY UI86002272 TI[Calcium ions, calmodulin and acquired resistance to cytostatic agents] AUOchodnicky M TT[Vapnikove iony, kalmodulin a ziskana rezistencia na cytostatika.] EM8601 SOCas Lek Cesk (Czechoslovakia), Sep 13 1985, 124(37) p1175-6 MJAntibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Calcium; Calmodulin MNCell Line; Drug Resistance MTHuman RN7440-23-5 (Sodium); 8001-30-7 (corn oil) IS0163-4992 LAEnglish JCCQC SBM UI86002273 TITransport of Na+ inside the giant axon of squid. ABThe transport mechanism of Na ions within the nerve cell was studied by measuring the radioactivity distribution profile of 22Na that had been intracellularly injected into the giant axon. Specifically, we tested whether or not the movement of Na ions is coupled with the process of ╥fast axonal transport.╙ Results of our measurements indicate that the intracellular transport of Na+ and the fast axonal transport are two independent processes. Very few Na ions are irreversibly sequestered into the axoplasmic vesicles involved in axonal transport. The movement of Na+ inside the axon can be modeled by a one-dimension diffusion. The effective diffusion coefficient of the intracellular Na+ was determined in this study. AUChang DC EM8601 SOCell Biophys (England), Jun 1985, 7(2) p107-14 MJAxons; Ion Channels; Sodium MNBiological Transport; Oils; Seawater; Squid; Temperature; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); 7439-93-2 (Lithium); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-17-7 (Rubidium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0163-4992 LAEnglish JCCQC SBM UI86002274 TIEffects of monovalent cations on red cell shape and size. ABHuman erythrocytes were incubated in isotonic solutions of different monovalent cations. The apparent size of the red cells measured on scanning electron microscopic pictures decreases in the order Li+ greater than Na+ = K+ greater than Rb+. These differences in size are abolished after pretreatment with trypsin, which removes a large part of the charges associated with membrane glycoproteins. Shape alterations are also observed. Normal biconcave shapes are visible after Na+ or K+ incubation, whereas Li+ leads to flabby, flattened cells with a certain tendency to crenation, and Rb+ causes more pronounced biconcavity with a certain tendency to cupping. The overall effects of pretreatment with trypsin are similar to those of Li+. Our results provide evidence that the electrostatic repulsion of glycoproteins and other charged membrane components may play an essential role in maintaining red cell shape. AUZimmermann B; Soumpasis DM EM8601 SOCell Biophys (England), Jun 1985, 7(2) p115-27 MJCations, Monovalent; Erythrocyte Deformability MNCell Membrane /UL; Lithium /PD; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Potassium /PD; Rubidium /PD; Sodium /PD; Trypsin /PD MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0163-4992 LAEnglish JCCQC SBM UI86002275 TIImmunofluorescent flow cytometry in N dimensions. The multiplex labeling approach. ABThe problem of the simultaneous use in flow cytometry of N greater than 2 antibodies in conjunction with two fluorochromes was investigated. Theoretical analysis led to a labeling procedure and reconstruction formula that allow N-dimensional labeling distributions to be obtained from two-dimensional fluorescence distributions. The general problem of M greater than or equal to 2 fluorochromes and N greater than M antibodies was shown to be reducible to the case of two fluorochromes. The method was tested by a triple labeling analysis of murine thymocytes. AUBuican TN; Hoffmann GW EM8601 SOCell Biophys (England), Jun 1985, 7(2) p129-56 MJFlow Cytometry; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Thymus Gland MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Mathematics; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice; Models, Biological; Thymus Gland /IM MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0163-4992 LAEnglish JCCQC SBM UI86002277 TIMicroscope laser light scattering spectroscopy of single biological cells. ABA microscope laser light scattering setup was developed, allowing us to do intensity autocorrelation spectroscopy on the light scattered from a volume as small as (2 micron)3. This non-invasive technique makes cytoplasmic studies possible inside single live biological cells. The effect of osmotic swelling and shrinking on the diffusion coefficient of hemoglobin inside intact red blood cells is shown as an illustrative example of the applicability and sensitivity of this new experimental method. AUNishio I; Peetermans J; Tanaka T EM8601 SOCell Biophys (England), Jun 1985, 7(2) p91-105 MJErythrocytes /PH; Lasers; Microscopy; Spectrum Analysis MNErythrocyte Membrane /PH; Erythrocytes /AN; Hemoglobins /ME; Microscopy /MT; Osmolar Concentration; Scattering, Radiation; Spectrum Analysis /MT; Suspensions; Time Factors MTHuman RN62-50-0 (Ethyl Methanesulfonate) IS0302-766X LAEnglish JCCQD SBM UI86002279 TISelective destruction and regeneration of rat Leydig cells in vivo. A new method for the study of seminiferous tubular-interstitial tissue interaction. ABThe effect of a single i.p. administration of ethane dimethanesulphonate (EDS) upon rat testicular histology was studied by light microscopy and morphometry up to 4 weeks after treatment. One day after injection the interstitial tissue exhibited degenerating Leydig cells, abundant pyknotic interstitial cells, deposition of cellular debris and extensive networks of fibrillar material. Macrophages contained greatly increased numbers of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. From 3 to 7 days morphometric analysis showed that Leydig cells and cellular debris had disappeared from the interstitial tissue, leaving only macrophages, fibroblasts and lymphatic endothelial tissue. A very small number of new Leydig cells were seen on day 14, often located in peritubular or perivascular positions. Regeneration of foetal-like Leydig cells occurred by 4 weeks, their cytoplasm containing large lipid inclusions and, numerous Leydig cells were often observed closely applied to the walls of the seminiferous tubules. The observations suggest that, after experimental destruction and depletion of Leydig cells, an interstitial precursor cell, as yet unidentified, gives rise to a new Leydig cell population. EDS thus offers a valuable opportunity to study further the interactions between the seminiferous tubules and the interstitial tissue following the destruction and subsequent regeneration of the Leydig cells. AUKerr JB; Donachie K; Rommerts FF EM8601 SOCell Tissue Res (Germany, West), 1985, 242(1) p145-56 MJEthyl Methanesulfonate /PD; Leydig Cells; Regeneration; Seminiferous Tubules; Testis MNCell Communication; Ethyl Methanesulfonate /AD; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Models, Biological; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-89-5 (Thymidine) IS0302-766X LAEnglish JCCQD SBM UI86002280 TICell proliferation after ischemic injury in gerbil brain. An immunocytochemical and autoradiographic study. ABTritiated thymidine autoradiography was used to measure cellular proliferation after ischemic injury in gerbil brain. Gerbils were subjected to bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries which resulted in areas of necrosis, or infarcts, in the posterior thalamus or midbrain. From 12 h to 10 days following the ischemia, gerbils were injected with 3H thymidine, sacrificed 4 h later, and the brains sectioned. In order to identify astrocytes and monocytes/macrophages, immunocytochemistry was performed prior to autoradiography, using antisera against glial fibrillary acidic protein and endothelial-monocyte reticuloendothelial antigen, respectively. Immunocytochemistry was also used to visualize microvessel laminin, myelin, and leakage of serum albumin. Lastly, a histochemical procedure for acid phosphatase activity was employed to verify cellular phagocytic activity in the wound. A reproducible sequence of reactions took place during the first 10 days after ischemia. Early changes included leakage of albumin and myelin breakdown, followed by arrival of monocytes at 2 days and their differentiation into macrophages by 5 days. These cells exhibited intense proliferation from 2 to 6 days post-ischemia. Microvessel endothelial cells were maximally labeled at 4 days post-ischemia. Hypertrophied astrocytes were apparent at 2 days and proliferated from 3 to 7 days post-ischemia, and by 10 days the wound was replaced by a ╥glial scar╙. AUdu Bois M; Bowman PD; Goldstein GW EM8601 SOCell Tissue Res (Germany, West), 1985, 242(1) p17-23 MJCerebral Ischemia MNAlbumins /ME; Astrocytes /ME /PA; Autoradiography; Cell Division; Encephalitogenic Basic Proteins /ME; Gerbillinae; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein /ME; Histocytochemistry; Immunoenzyme Technics; Leukocytes /PA; Macrophages /ME /PA; Microcirculation /ME /PA; Thymidine /ME; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Male RN7488-70-2 (Thyroxine); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0302-766X LAEnglish JCCQD SBM UI86002281 TISecretory granules of prolactin cells of neonatally thyroidectomized female rats. ABIn the anterior pituitary glands of neonatally thyroidectomized female rats sacrificed at 30 days of age, the prolactin granules were small and spherical in shape. The administration of thyroxine to neonatally thyroidectomized rats produced an obvious increase in the number and size of secretory granules in prolactin cells; comparatively large, pleomorphic secretory granules were frequently observed in these cells. These enlarged and pleomorphic granules closely resembled those observed in the prolactin cells of sham-operated control rats. These results may indicate that thyroxine stimulates the basic metabolism or cellular function of prolactin cells of neonatally thyroidectomized rats and leads to the formation of prolactin granules that are similar to those of sham-operated control rats. AUShiino M; Yamauchi K EM8601 SOCell Tissue Res (Germany, West), 1985, 242(1) p179-83 MJCytoplasmic Granules /UL; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Prolactin; Thyroidectomy MNAge Factors; Animals, Newborn; Cytoplasmic Granules /ME; Immunoenzyme Technics; Pituitary Gland, Anterior /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Thyroxine /PD MTAnimal; Female RNEC 3.4.21.1 (Chymotrypsin); EC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) IS0302-766X LAEnglish JCCQD SBM UI86002282 TIThree-day continuous drainage of pancreatic juice in the cortisone-treated conscious rat: analysis of enzyme activities and ultrastructural changes. ABWe have investigated the short-term effects of hydrocortisone (60 mg/kg per day) and placebo on basal and stimulated pancreatic secretion in the conscious rat. Volume and enzyme secretion were determined; fine structural changes were examined simultaneously. The pancreatic and bile ducts were cannulated separately; pancreatic juice was drained via an isolated fistula, and bile was recirculated into the duodenum. The application of hydrocortisone led to an almost complete inhibition of the secretory response of the exocrine pancreas when stimulated with 0.25 U secretin in combination with 5 X 10(-8) g caerulein per h. It strongly affected the secretion rates of volume, protein, lipase, chymotrypsin, trypsin and carboxypeptidase, whereas the secretion rate of alpha-amylase continued to show a slight increase after stimulation. After stimulation with secretin and caerulein, the hydrocortisone-treated animals showed a higher density of zymogen granules in the acinar cell and an increase in the number of autophagic vacuoles in comparison to the equally stimulated placebo-treated rats. It is concluded that the short-term inhibition of pancreatic secretion by hydrocortisone occurs largely as a result of an inhibition of cellular enzyme discharge. AUGartemann H; Zeitz M; Emde C; Stelzer M; Riecken EO EM8601 SOCell Tissue Res (Germany, West), 1985, 242(1) p191-6 MJCytoplasmic Granules /UL; Hydrocortisone; Pancreas /UL; Pancreatic Juice /EN MNChymotrypsin /ME; Cytoplasmic Granules /EN; Drainage; Enzyme Precursors /ME; Microscopy, Electron; Pancreas /EN /SE; Pancreatic Juice /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors; Trypsin /ME MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3. (Hydrolases); EC 3.4.11. (Aminopeptidases) IS0302-766X LAEnglish JCCQD SBM UI86002283 TIStructural and biochemical differentiation of the guinea-pig colon during foetal development. ABWe have studied some aspects of the morphological and biochemical differentiation of the foetal guinea-pig colonic epithelium. At day 40 the epithelium was organised in ridges and appeared pseudo-stratified. Folding of the epithelium, followed by villus formation, occurred between days 45 and 55, and by day 50 mucus-secreting goblet cells appeared at the bases of the colonic villi. By day 55 most epithelial cells, including goblet cells, possessed numerous microvilli which, by day 65, had become organised into well developed brush-borders. Between day 55 and term (day 65-68) mucosal depth increased markedly and the colon attained its final glandular morphology. Biochemical studies showed the specific activities of the microvillar hydrolases to be much lower in the washed colon than in either foetal meconium or small intestine at all times during development. Furthermore, a membrane fraction highly enriched in microvillus hydrolase activities was prepared from foetal colonic meconium using techniques originally devised to isolate the foetal small intestinal microvillus membrane. This meconial subfraction was almost identical in polypeptide composition to the highly-purified foetal small intestinal microvillus membrane. Identification of the colonic microvillus membrane was hampered by the absence of reliable membrane markers. Nevertheless, a fraction 14-fold enriched in aminopeptidase activity was prepared from day 40 foetal colon and its polypeptide composition compared by SDS-PAGE to that of the small intestinal microvillus membrane at the same age. AUSmith T; Christianson K; Moss R; Bailey D EM8601 SOCell Tissue Res (Germany, West), 1985, 242(1) p197-209 MJColon /UL; Fetal Development; Intestinal Mucosa MNAminopeptidases /ME; Cell Differentiation; Cell Fractionation; Cell Membrane /EN; Colon /EN; Epithelium /UL; Guinea Pigs; Hydrolases /ME; Meconium /EN; Microscopy, Electron; Microvilli /EN /UL MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN12040-44-7 (Alcian Blue) IS0302-766X LAEnglish JCCQD SBM UI86002284 TIThyroid follicles with acid mucins in man: a second kind of follicles? ABHuman thyroid follicles containing acid mucins have been regarded as a very rare finding and their significance has not yet been clarified. Therefore, a systematic anatomical, histochemical and immunohistochemical survey for the presence of such follicles in human thyroids was undertaken. Follicles with Alcian blue-positive acid mucins were practically confined to the 18% of sections that also contained ultimobranchial solid cell nests. Immunohistochemistry revealed that these follicles were mostly composed of and/or related to the presence of numerous calcitonin-immunoreactive cells, sometimes intermixed with occasional alcianophilic mucinous cells. These findings, with histometrical studies, demonstrate that there exists a relationship between mucinous C cell complexes and mucin/C cell-containing solid cell nests. The finding of calcitonin immunoreactivity in very occasional groups of cells with mucinous changes further suggests that at least some human follicular cells originate in ultimobranchial tissue. AUHarach HR EM8601 SOCell Tissue Res (Germany, West), 1985, 242(1) p211-5 MJMucins; Thyroid Gland /CY MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Alcian Blue; Child, Preschool; Child; Histocytochemistry; Immunoenzyme Technics; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Middle Age; Sex Factors; Thyroid Gland /AH MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0302-766X LAEnglish JCCQD SBM UI86002285 TIPotassium concentration in membrane-associated particles in the epiphyseal growth plate. ABElectron-dense particles with a diameter of 50-200 nm have been observed at the cell membrane of chondrocytes in the zone of the initiation and advance of mineralization, using the dark field STEM mode. Electron-probe x-ray microanalysis and laser microprobe mass analysis indicate that these particles contain predominantly K and Na. They appear only in dry thin sections of shock-frozen, freeze-dried embedded tissue and not in sections of water-treated samples; hence they contain water-extractable potassium and sodium. The function of the two elements at these special sites is not yet clear. On the one hand, they might reflect exocytotic processes connected with a Na-K-ATPase; on the other hand, they might exist as a transitory state before being replaced by Ca and phosphate in the mineralizing matrix and later transported elsewhere by the blood vessels. AUBarckhaus RH; Schmidt PF; Quint P; Hohling HJ EM8601 SOCell Tissue Res (Germany, West), 1985, 242(1) p217-9 MJGrowth Plate; Potassium MNCell Membrane /AN /ME /UL; Electron Probe Microanalysis; Freeze Drying; Growth Plate /ME /UL; Guinea Pigs; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Sodium /ME; Tibia MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0302-766X LAEnglish JCCQD SBM UI86002286 TIFine structural aspects of the shift of zonula occludens and cytoorganelles during the inversion of cell polarity in cultured porcine thyroid follicles. ABPorcine thyroid follicles, when isolated by enzymatic digestion and suspended in Eagle's MEM containing 10% fetal calf serum, undergo inversion of cellular polarity. After isolation, the strands for the tight junctions (zonulae occludentes) between follicle cells begin to move towards the side of the medium and gather at this side of the lateral plasma membrane during 24 h of incubation. Around this time, microvilli of many follicular cells protrude into the culture-medium. The elements of the Golgi apparatus are located at the luminal as well as the culture-medium side of the cytoplasm, and also at the lateral side of the nucleus after 24 h of suspension culture, and by 94 h of incubation almost all elements of this organelle, as well as lysosomes and the central cilium have migrated to the side of the medium. The migration of the zonulae occludentes is considered to be the initial change in the reversal of the polarity of this cell. AUKitajima K; Yamashita K; Fujita H EM8601 SOCell Tissue Res (Germany, West), 1985, 242(1) p221-4 MJIntercellular Junctions; Organoids; Thyroid Gland MNCells, Cultured; Freeze Fracturing; Microscopy, Electron; Microvilli /UL; Suspensions; Swine; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7790-28-5 (sodium metaperiodate); 79-19-6 (thiosemicarbazide); 9005-79-2 (Glycogen) IS0302-766X LAEnglish JCCQD SBM UI86002287 TIImplementation of periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate staining for ultrastructural assessment of muscle glycogen utilization during exercise. ABDistribution of glycogen particles in semithin and ultrathin sections of biopsy samples from human muscles subjected to either short- or long-term running were investigated using PAS and Periodic Acid-ThioSemiCarbazide-Silver Proteinate (PA-TSC-SP) staining methods. Glycogen particles were predominantly found immediately under the sarcolemma or aligned along the myofibrillar I-band. After long-term exhaustive exercise type-1 fibers with a few or no glycogen particles in the core of the fibers were frequently observed. The subsarcolemmal glycogen stores of these ╥depleted╙ type-1 fibers were about three times as large as after exhaustive short-time exercise. Another indication of utilization of subsarcolemmal glycogen stores during anaerobic exercise was that many particles displayed a pale, rudimentary shape. This observation suggests fragmental metabolization of glycogen. Thus, depending on type of exercise and type of fiber differential and sequential glycogen utilization patterns can be observed. AUFriden J ; Seger J; Ekblom B EM8601 SOCell Tissue Res (Germany, West), 1985, 242(1) p229-32 MJExertion; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Muscles /UL; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction MNAdolescence; Adult; Microscopy, Electron; Muscles /ME; Periodic Acids; Running; Semicarbazides; Silver Proteins MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-89-5 (Thymidine) IS0302-766X LAEnglish JCCQD SBM UI86002288 TICan cells extruded from denervated skeletal muscle become circulating potential myoblasts? Implications of 3H-thymidine reutilization in regenerating muscle. ABThe hypothesis that satellite cells which leave denervated skeletal muscle might become circulating potential myoblasts which could participate in myogenesis in distant sites in the body has been tested. Sixteen mice had one hindlimb denervated and were given 7 daily injections of 3H-thymidine (3H-Tdr). One day later extensor digitorum longus muscle isografts from unlabelled mice were inserted into each hindlimb. As controls, the procedure was repeated in 6 non-denervated labelled mice. Fourteen days after their insertion, isografts in denervated mice contained many labelled myotubes with a labelling index of 55 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM). In the control isografts in non-denervated ice, 38 +/- 4% of myotube nuclei were labelled. The results show that either labelled cells, or 3H-Tdr, had transferred from the host to isografts in both cases. The probability of 3H-Tdr reutilization was demonstrated in regenerating livers of 8 similarly labelled mice, where 34 +/- 3% hepatocytes adjacent to crush lesions were labelled after 14 days. This conclusion was reached because only 2-3% of normal hepatocytes incorporate 3H-Tdr under these conditions and this population is inadequate to provide sufficient labelled precursor cells for the large numbers of labelled regenerated hepatocytes. Therefore, it was concluded that 3H-Tdr reutilization is the most likely explanation for labelled myotube nuclei in the muscle isografts (rather than movement of labelled precursor cells), and that additional label for reutilization had been derived from breakdown of labelled cells in denervated muscle. The data do not support the hypothesis of a circulating precursor for skeletal muscle cells. AUMcGeachie JK; Grounds MD EM8601 SOCell Tissue Res (Germany, West), 1985, 242(1) p25-32 MJMuscle Denervation; Muscles; Regeneration MNAutoradiography; Cell Division; Graft Survival; Liver /CY; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Muscles /ME /PH; Thymidine /ME; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0302-766X LAEnglish JCCQD SBM UI86002289 TIUltrastructural organization of the glomerular basement membrane as revealed by a deep-etch replica method. ABThe fine structure of the glomerular basement membrane was re-evaluated by using a deep-etch replica method. The structure of the laminae rarae interna and externa of the rat glomerular basement membrane was basically identical in that 6 to 8 nm fibrils were interconnected to form a three-dimensional, polygonal network. The size of the mesh was quite variable but most often ranged from 20 to 25 nm in width. In addition, a zipper-like substructure of the epithelial slit diaphragm was observed. By contrast, the lamina densa was composed of closely packed particles. After exposure of the bovine glomerular basement membrane to ultrasonic waves or trypsin, the particles of the lamina densa were effectively removed. The underlying structure showed the fibrillar network closely resembled that seen in the laminae rarae of the rat glomerular basement membrane. The glomerular basement membrane thus revealed was as principally composed of a fibrillar network, which might be regularly arranged units of type-IV collagen. Numerous fine particles, most likely proper components of the glomerular basement membrane, were attached onto this basic fibrillar structure, giving rise to a morphologic appearance different from that of the laminae rarae. AUKubosawa H; Kondo Y EM8601 SOCell Tissue Res (Germany, West), 1985, 242(1) p33-9 MJCollagen; Kidney Glomerulus MNBasement Membrane /UL; Cattle; Freeze Etching /MT; Microscopy, Electron /MT; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN9002-67-9 (LH) IS0302-766X LAEnglish JCCQD SBM UI86002290 TIEffects of brain and mesenchyme upon the cytogenesis of rat adenohypophysis in vitro. II. Differentiation of LH cells. ABThe objective of this in-vitro study was to examine whether the diencephalic floor or the mesenchyme is involved in differentiation of LH cells in the developing rat adenohypophysis. Overall growth of the adenohypophysial tissue was retarded when the adenohypophysial primordium was cultivated after enzymatic removal of the diencephalic floor on days 11.5 and 12.5 of gestation. This malgrowth was more marked when the brain was separated on day 11.5; most explants retained a simple cystiform structure that consisted of a few layers of undifferentiated cells. Removal of the brain also caused a highly significant decrease (P less than 0.001) in the number of immunoreactive LH cells, if it was performed on day 11.5 but not day 12.5. Mesenchyme had little effect on the adenohypophysial growth or the number of immunopositive cells. Cultivation of the adenohypophysial primordium with the diencephalic floor resulted in the appearance of many immunoreactive LH cells. The number of LH cells significantly decreased, however, when the co-cultivated brain completely surrounded the adenohypophysial tissue. These results indicate that in 11.5-day-old fetal rats the diencephalic floor is indispensable for the initial proliferation of adenohypophysial primordial cells and for the early determinating process of LH cells. Once determined, the development of LH cells may proceed without the surrounding tissues. The cytodifferentiation seems to be rather inhibited when in contact with the brain. The significance of the intimate spatial relationship between developing LH cells and the surrounding mesenchyme is also discussed. AUWatanabe YG EM8601 SOCell Tissue Res (Germany, West), 1985, 242(1) p49-55 MJBrain; LH; Mesoderm; Pituitary Gland, Anterior MNCell Differentiation; Diencephalon /PH; Fetus; Immunoenzyme Technics; Organ Culture; Pituitary Gland, Anterior /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Male RN9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0302-766X LAEnglish JCCQD SBM UI86002291 TILamina propria of intestinal mucosa as a typical reticular tissue. A scanning electron-microscopic study of the rat jejunum. ABThe three-dimensional architecture of the lamina propria in the jejunal mucosa of the rat was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The lamina propria is a typical reticular tissue with fine nets of reticular fibers and free and fixed cells lying among them. However, the lamina propria in the core of villi displayed structural features closer to other reticular or lymphoid tissues than that among the crypts. In the villi, the tissue was supported by a spongy framework of interconnecting fibroblasts, and densely infiltrated by free cells. Among the crypts, cellular elements were rather sparsely dispersed in a complex network of reticular fibers. A thin layer of reticular fibers lined the basal lamina of the epithelium. This layer contained a network of flattened cells which anastomosed with each other via slender processes. The basal lamina and the fibrous layer were perforated with round pores, through which free cells or basal processes of the epithelial cells passed. Many macrophages were found resting on the reticular framework of the lamina propria, frequently in close association with immunoblast-like cells. This paper further includes scanning electron-microscopic observations on the central lacteal with special reference to its luminal projections and trabeculae. AUTakahashi-Iwanaga H; Fujita T EM8601 SOCell Tissue Res (Germany, West), 1985, 242(1) p57-66 MJConnective Tissue; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum MNCollagen /AN; Epithelium /UL; Lymphatic System /UL; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microvilli /UL; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male RN37933-92-9 (red pigment-concentrating hormone); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0302-766X LAEnglish JCCQD SBM UI86002292 TIUltrastructural changes associated with K+-evoked peptide secretion from a neurohemal organ of the crab, Cardisoma carnifex. ABElectron-microscopic comparison of K+-stimulated and unstimulated crab sinus glands reveals significant differences in neurosecretory terminal morphology. Sinus glands exposed to elevated K+ saline for increasing periods of time show increasing numbers of exocytotic release profiles, vacuoles, and multilamellate bodies, and a decrease in the number of microvesicles within 10 micron of release sites. These morphological changes are well correlated with secretion of red-pigment-concentrating hormone, as determined by bioassay of perfusate from the individual preparations. AUWeatherby TM; Haylett BA EM8601 IDNS 15453 SOCell Tissue Res (Germany, West), 1985, 242(1) p67-73 MJInvertebrate Hormones; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurosecretory Systems /UL; Oligopeptides; Potassium MNCrabs; Microscopy, Electron; Neurosecretory Systems /ME; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 37221-79-7 (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide); 9011-97-6 (Cholecystokinin); 9015-71-8 (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone) IS0302-766X LAEnglish JCCQD SBM UI86002294 TIOccurrence and coexistence in Nereis diversicolor O.F. Muller (Annelida Polychaeta) of substances immunologically related to vertebrate neuropeptides. ABNumerous immunochemical and immunohistochemical studies have shown a wide distribution of several families of neuropeptides in invertebrates as well as vertebrates. There are relatively few data available for Annelida: Polychaeta. Therefore, we undertook an immunohistochemical investigation in the marine worm Nereis. Among the vertebrate type antibodies tested, those against met-enkephalin, LH-RH, vasopressin, oxytocin and ACTH had negative or only very slight effects. Slight to moderate reactions were obtained for VIP, SRIF, CRF, GRF, and leu-enkephalin. Moderate to very strong responses were found with anti-CCK/gastrin, -substance P, and -beta-MSH sera. Immunopositive reactions were usually observed in the entire CNS (except, until now, in neurosecretory cells, type II, in nuclei 20, and in nerve fibres located in the infracerebral neurohemal area). The immunoreactivity was, however, more or less abundant according to different CNS regions. For example, it appeared that the immunostaining for CRF is more important in the VNC while the leu-enkephalin family is more abundant in the brain (particularly in fuchsinophilic neurosecretory cells, type I, in nuclei 20). Moreover, several vertebrate type peptides (such as CRF/GRF and CCK/gastrin) may coexist in a single neurone. Several antisera may elicit a positive reaction in some specific area (for example, substance P in the nuchal organ; SRIF in oocytes; CCK/gastrin in the gastrointestinal tract). Nothing is known about the role of the different substances immunologically detected in Nereis. It is suggested that CCK/gastrin-, beta-MSH- and substance P-like materials transmit external stimuli to neurosecretory centres located in the caudal part of the brain. AUDhainaut-Courtois N; Dubois MP; Tramu G; Masson M EM8601 SOCell Tissue Res (Germany, West), 1985, 242(1) p97-108 MJNerve Tissue Proteins; Nerve Tissue; Polychaeta MNBrain Chemistry; Cholecystokinin /IM; Corticotropin Releasing Hormone /IM; Endorphins /IM; Gastrins /IM; Nerve Tissue Proteins /IM; Pituitary Gland, Anterior /AN; Somatostatin /IM; Substance P /IM; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide /IM MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); 57265-65-3 (R 24571); 69-23-8 (Fluphenazine); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0143-4160 LAEnglish JCCQE SBM UI86002295 TIThe so-called anticalmodulins fluphenazine, calmidazolium, and compound 48/80 inhibit the Ca2+- transport system of the endoplasmic reticulum. ABWe present evidence that a Ca2+- transport system of the endoplasmic reticulum with the ╥mitotic╙ Ca2+- ATPase as an essential component is another target for the anticalmodulin drugs fluphenazine, calmidazolium, and compound 48/80. Furthermore we show by affinity chromatography that there is a direct interaction between the solubilized Ca2+- ATPase and fluphenazine. Since the Ca2+- uptake system as well as the solubilized Ca2+- ATPase are calmodulin- free, the effect of fluphenazine, calmidazolium and compound 48/80 may be understood as a result of the interaction between these drugs and the Ca2+- ATPase. We propose that there are calmodulin- like sequences in the molecule of the Ca2+- ATPase. The inhibitory effect of these three drugs can be then explained by their recognition of the calmodulin- like structures. AUWulfroth P ; Petzelt C EM8601 SOCell Calcium (Scotland), Aug 1985, 6(4) p295-310 MJCalcium; Calmodulin; Endoplasmic Reticulum MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium /AI /ME; Binding Sites; Biological Transport, Active /DE; Compound 48-80 /PD; Drug Interactions; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Fluphenazine /PD; Hela Cells /ME; Imidazoles /PD; Subcellular Fractions /ME MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (parathyroid hormone receptor); 52665-69-7 (A-23187); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0143-4160 LAEnglish JCCQE SBM UI86002296 TIA two-receptor model for the action of parathyroid hormone on osteoblasts: a role for intracellular free calcium and cAMP. ABIt has been suggested that intracellular Ca2+, in addition to cAMP, plays an important role in PTH-stimulated bone resorption. There is now strong evidence indicating that the osteoblast is the main target cell for PTH action, regulating indirectly, via cell-cell communication, osteoclastic bone resorption. In order to investigate the possible role of free cytosolic calcium in stimulated bone resorption, we studied the effects of the intact hormone (bPTH 1-84) and some of its fragments (bPTH (1-34), bPTH(3-34,) (Nle-8, Nle-18,Tyr-34) bPTH (3-34) amide) on their capacity to modify the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in rat osteoblast-like cells. The experiments were performed using Quin-2, a fluorescent indicator of free calcium. We found an excellent correlation between the ability of PTH and PTH fragments to transiently increase cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in rat osteoblast-like cells and their ability to stimulate bone resorption in embryonic rat calvaria in vitro. On the other hand, no direct correlation was found for the cAMP and bone-resorbing responses. On the ground of these data we propose a two-receptor model for PTH action in osteoblasts, in which one receptor is coupled to the production of cAMP, whereas the other is involved in the increase of cytosolic Ca2+. Activation of both receptors by PTH (1-84) or PTH (1-34) leads to the full physiological response in osteoblasts, most probably the release of one or more factors which stimulate the activity of existing osteoclasts and others which stimulate the recruitment of additional osteoclasts. AULowik CW ; van Leeuwen JP; van der Meer JM; van Zeeland JK; Scheven BA; Herrmann-Erlee MP EM8601 SOCell Calcium (Scotland), Aug 1985, 6(4) p311-26 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Calcium; Osteoblasts; Parathyroid Hormones /PD; Receptors, Endogenous Substances MNA-23187 /PD; Bone Resorption /DE; Cell Line; Intracellular Fluid /PH; Models, Biological; Parathyroid Hormones /ME; Rats; Sarcoma, Osteogenic /ME /PP MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 370-86-5 (Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone); 52665-69-7 (A-23187); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0143-4160 LAEnglish JCCQE SBM UI86002297 TIAngiotensin II and FCCP mobilizes calcium from different intracellular pools in adrenal glomerulosa cells; analysis of calcium fluxes. ABThe aim of the present study was to examine the effect of angiotensin II on the different pools of exchangeable Ca2+ in isolated rat adrenal glomerulosa cells. On the basis of steady state analysis of 45Ca exchange curves at least three kinetically distinct Ca2+ compartments are present in these cells. The most rapidly exchangeable compartment was regarded as Ca2+ loosely bound to the glycocalyx and the other compartments were considered to be intracellular Ca2+ pools. The effect of angiotensin II on different intracellular compartments was examined by adding the hormone at different phases of Ca2+ washout. Angiotensin increased the rate of 45Ca efflux within 1.5 min when added at the beginning of the washout. This effect, however, could not be detected when the hormone was added at the 30th min of washout, indicating that at least one hormone sensitive pool had lost most of its radioactivity by this time. In contrast to angiotensin II, the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP mobilized almost the same quantity of 45Ca irrespective of the time of its addition during the washout. This latter finding suggests that this presumably mitochondrial Ca2+ pool has a slow rate of exchange and thus differs from the pool initially mobilized by angiotensin II. The initial Ca2+ mobilizing effect of angiotensin II was also observed in a Ca2+-free media which contained EGTA, indicating that this effect is not triggered by increased Ca2+ influx. In the present study we demonstrate in the intact glomerulosa cell that angiotensin II mobilizes Ca2+ from an intracellular Ca2+ store which appears to be distinct from the FCCP-sensitive store. AUBalla T; Szebeny M; Kanyar B; Spat A EM8601 SOCell Calcium (Scotland), Aug 1985, 6(4) p327-42 MJAdrenal Glands; Angiotensin II; Calcium; Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; Nitriles MNA-23187 /PD; Intracellular Fluid /ME; Ion Channels /DE /ME; Kinetics; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Subcellular Fractions /ME MTAnimal; Female RN7440-70-2 (Calcium); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride) IS0143-4160 LAEnglish JCCQE SBM UI86002298 TICalcium-sensitivity of brain microtubule proteins in the presence of S-100 proteins. ABIn the presence of the usual 0.1 M Mes buffer, pH 6.7, mM free Ca2+ levels are required for half-maximal decrease in the rate and extent of brain microtubule protein (MTP) assembly in the absence of ox brain S-100, while microM free Ca2+ levels are sufficient in the presence of S-100. At the same pH 6.7, but in the presence of 0.12 M KCl, as low as 1.5 microM free Ca2+ is sufficient for S-100 to produce half-maximal reduction in the rate of assembly, while as high as 0.5 mM free Ca2+ is required in the absence of S-100. Similar results are obtained with rat brain S-100 (S-100b), indicating that single S-100 iso forms are equipotent in affecting the MTP assembly. At pH 7.5, MTPs are remarkably resistant to Ca2+ in the absence of S-100. In the presence of S-100, not only is the free Ca2+ concentration required for complete inhibition of assembly at least one order of magnitude smaller than that required in the absence of S-100, but significant S-100-dependent inhibition of assembly occurs in the absence of Ca2+. Under the two conditions where S-100 is particularly effective in inhibiting the assembly, i.e. at pH 6.7 in the presence of KCl and at pH 7.5, S-100 increases the disassembly rate even in the presence of microM Ca2+ levels. Our results suggest that the free Ca2+ concentration regulates the way S-100 disassembles microtubules (MTs): at microM Ca2+ levels, S-100 sequesters tubulin with concomitant increase in the disassembly rate; at mM Ca2+ levels, the S-100-Ca2+ complex probably interacts with MTs producing endwise disassembly. AUDonato R EM8601 SOCell Calcium (Scotland), Aug 1985, 6(4) p343-61 MJBrain Chemistry; Calcium; Microtubule Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins MNCattle; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Microtubules /ME; Potassium Chloride /PD; Rats MTAnimal RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 83-44-3 (Deoxycholic Acid) IS0143-4160 LAEnglish JCCQE SBM UI86002299 TISolubilization of a high affinity CA-ATPase from dog antrum smooth muscle. ABA Mg-independent high affinity Ca-ATPase has recently been reported to be present in the plasma membranes of smooth muscle. This enzyme has now been solubilized using deoxycholate. The membrane-bound and the solubilized enzymes resemble each other in Km for Ca2+, and inhibition by fluphenazine. The solubilized enzyme is, however, more sensitive to inhibition by Mg2+ than the membrane bound enzyme. Radiation inactivation analysis shows that whereas the membrane-bound enzyme had a target size of 98,000 +/- 4,000 Daltons, the solubilized enzyme was only 70,000, +/- 7,000 Daltons. AUGrover AK; Oakes PJ; Samson S; Berenski CJ; Jung CY EM8601 SOCell Calcium (Scotland), Aug 1985, 6(4) p363-70 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium; Deoxycholic Acid; Muscle, Smooth MNActivation Analysis; Calcium /PD; Cell Membrane /EN; Dogs; Magnesium /ME /PD; Molecular Weight; Pyloric Antrum /EN; Solubility MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0271-6585 LAEnglish JCCQF SBM UI86002300 TIA versatile and quantitative computer-assisted photoelectronic technique used for the analysis of ciliary beat cycles. ABThe beat cycles of rabbit tracheal cilia in culture and Mytilus laterofrontal cirri were recorded using a phototransistor, transillumination, video, and phase-contrast microscopy. The photoelectronic signal and video image of the ciliary activity were simultaneously recorded as a composite image. The photoelectronic signal was converted into a digital signal by a data acquisition system for further computer processing. By the selection of a small detector area and accurate detector alignment, a simple, repetitive photoelectronic signal representing ciliary activity was obtained. This signal records the ciliary beat frequency and demonstrates the triphasic nature of the beat cycle. The photoelectronic signal can be precisely correlated with the ciliary activity by analysis of the composite video recordings to provide the duration of the effective, recovery, and rest phases of the beat cycle. The video-photoelectronic signal correlations were verified by high-speed cinematography. High-speed films of ciliary activity were digitized, and the image density of selected pixels was analyzed by computer with respect to time and ciliary motion. These studies indicate that duration of the phases of the beat cycle are differentially reduced with increased beat frequency; the effective phase duration was quickly reduced to a minimum. This was followed by the reduction of the duration of the recovery phase to a minimum. The rest phase continues to be reduced without reaching a minimum, over the range of beat frequencies observed. These results suggest that ciliary beat frequency may be regulated either by modifying the rates of dynein-microtubule interactions or the rate of transition from one beat phase to the next. AUSanderson MJ; Dirksen ER EM8601 IDHL-23428; HD-11792 SOCell Motil (United States), 1985, 5(4) p267-92 MJGills; Trachea MNCell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Cilia /PH; Computers; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Mussels; Photometry /IS; Rabbits; Time Factors MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN28822-58-4 (1-Methyl-3-Isobutylxanthine); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 58-55-9 (Theophylline) IS0271-6585 LAEnglish JCCQF SBM UI86002301 TIThe antagonistic effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and methylxanthine on the gill cilia of Mytilus edulis. ABThe laterofrontal (LF) cirri on isolated gill filaments of Mytilus edulis, prepared in natural seawater, are active and initially beat with an average frequency of about 8 Hz (with a range of 6-14 Hz). However, the lateral (L) cilia on these filaments are arrested in a position at the end of their recovery stroke. Perfusion of the filament with artificial seawater (ASW), with or without 1% ethanol, has little or no biological effect on the activity of the LF cirri, although a transitory decrease in frequency often accompanies the perfusion process. The L cilia remain arrested during perfusion with ASW. The exposure of the gill to low levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) (10(-8) less than 5HT less than 10(-7) M) has no effect on the activity of the LF cirri but stimulates the L cilia to beat. Exposure to higher concentrations of 5HT (greater than 10(-7) M) elevates the beat frequency of the L cilia and simultaneously inhibits the activity of the LF cirri, leading to their arrest in a position at the end of the effective stroke. This arrest of the LF cirri occurs as the L cilia attain a 5HT-induced beat frequency between 12 to 14 Hz. The influence of 5HT on the L cilia and the LF cirri can be reversibly mimicked or enhanced by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). A concentration of 0.5 mM IBMX mimics low 5HT concentrations (about 10(-7) M) by stimulating the L cilia to beat without affecting the beat frequency of the LF cirri. A combination of 10(-7) M 5HT and 0.5 mM IBMX in ASW mimics high (greater than 10(-6) M) 5HT concentrations by arresting the LF cirri and increasing the beat frequency of the L cilia. Under these conditions, the threshold of the LF cirri arrest response is again found to occur as the L cilia attain a beat frequency of 12-14 Hz. These results suggest that the mechanisms of LF cirri arrest and L cilia activation are mediated by 5HT-induced changes in intracellular cyclic AMP levels. AUSanderson MJ; Dirksen ER; Satir P EM8601 IDGM 27859; HL 22560; HL 23428; + SOCell Motil (United States), 1985, 5(4) p293-309 MJ1-Methyl-3-Isobutylxanthine; Cilia; Mussels; Serotonin; Theophylline MNCell Movement /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gills /CY; Photometry; Seawater; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (F-actin-binding proteins); 12634-43-4 (Spectrin) IS0271-6585 LAEnglish JCCQF SBM UI86002302 TIActin assembly and filament cross-linking in the presence of TW 260/240, the tissue-specific spectrin of the chicken intestinal brush border. ABTW 260/240 is a tissue-specific spectrin found in the terminal web region of the chicken intestinal brush border. We have examined the effects of TW 260/240 on assembly rates and critical concentrations (Co's) for monomer addition at the barbed and pointed ends of the actin filament. For these studies, acrosomal processes (AP) from Limulus sperm were used as nuclei for actin assembly. Under conditions which favor the interaction of TW 260/240 for actin (20-75 mM KCl, 2 mM Mg++) no effect on either elongation rates or Co's at either end of the actin filament was observed in the presence of this spectrinlike protein. The Limulus AP nucleation assay also allowed visualization of the kinetics of filament binding and cross-linking by TW 260/240. Ultrastructural analysis of TW 260/240 binding to actin filaments at their growing ends indicates that TW 260/240 tetramers bind laterally to the filament. Finally, evidence is presented that indicates that filaments cross-linked by TW 260/240 are stabilized against shear-dependent breakage. AUFishkind DJ; Mooseker MS; Bonder EM EM8601 IDAM 25387 SOCell Motil (United States), 1985, 5(4) p311-22 MJActins; Carrier Proteins; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cytoskeleton; Microfilament Proteins; Spectrin MNAcrosome /ME /UL; Chickens; Horseshoe Crabs; Microvilli /AN MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0271-6585 LAEnglish JCCQF SBM UI86002303 TILive and reactivated motility in the 9+0 flagellum of Anguilla sperm. ABThe sperm flagella of the eel, Anguilla anguilla, are capable of vigorous motion in spite of having an axoneme with reduced structure that lacks the outer dynein arms, radial spokes and spoke heads, the two central tubules and the central tubule projections that are all part of the standard ╥9+2╙ axoneme. These sperm progress forward rapidly as a result of the propagation of helicoidal waves distally along the flagellum. Their flagellar beat frequencies are high, 93 Hz at 21 degrees C, and they roll at a frequency of about 19 Hz. Eel sperm could be demembranated with Nonidet P-40 and reactivated with MgATP2- in 0.22 M K acetate at pH 8.1. The reactivated motility closely resembles that of the live sperm, with a beat frequency of 69 Hz, but the demembranated flagella are unusually fragile, and commonly disintegrate by a combination of splitting, coiling, and sliding within a few minutes. Little reactivation is obtained if acetate is replaced by Cl- in the reactivating medium. The Michaelis constant for beat frequency (0.2 mM) is similar to that obtained for several ╥9+2╙ flagella. These sperm, however, appear to lack the mechanism by which Ca2+ regulates waveform. Our results indicate that eel sperm flagella, which at rest are straight, are induced to bend helicoidally by ATP, as the result of sliding between tubules that is blocked at both the base and tip of the organelle. The flagellar waveform consists of a series of planar bends separated by short regions of right-handed twist, which give it an overall left-handed helicoidal form. AUGibbons BH; Baccetti B; Gibbons IR EM8601 IDHDO6565 SOCell Motil (United States), 1985, 5(4) p333-50 MJSperm Motility; Sperm Tail; Spermatozoa MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium /PD; Anguilla; Calcium /PD; Cell Survival /DE; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Sodium Chloride /PD; Sperm Motility /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0008-9176 LAEnglish JCCQO UI86002304 TIManagement and pregnancy outcome in eclampsia at Harare Maternity Hospital. AUCrowther CA EM8601 SOCent Afr J Med (Zimbabwe), Jun 1985, 31(6) p107-9 MJDelivery; Eclampsia /TH MNEclampsia /MO; Hospitals, Maternity; Pregnancy; Zimbabwe MTFemale; Human IS0008-9176 LAEnglish JCCQO UI86002305 TIBoomslang bite--a case report. AUGeddes J; Thomas JE EM8601 SOCent Afr J Med (Zimbabwe), Jun 1985, 31(6) p109-12 MJSnake Bites MNAdult; Antivenins /TU; Zimbabwe MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0008-9176 LAEnglish JCCQO UI86002306 TISensitivity to antibiotics of bacteria isolated in the Public Health Laboratory, Harare. AUDealler SF; Mason PR EM8601 SOCent Afr J Med (Zimbabwe), Jun 1985, 31(6) p112-4 MJAntibiotics; Bacteria MNDrug Resistance, Microbial; Zimbabwe IS0008-9176 LAEnglish JCCQO UI86002307 TICrocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) bile acids and arrow poisons. AUNyazema NZ EM8601 SOCent Afr J Med (Zimbabwe), Jun 1985, 31(6) p114-6 MJAlligators and Crocodiles; Bile Acids and Salts /TO; Reptiles MNBile Acids and Salts /AN; Zimbabwe MTAnimal IS0008-9176 LAEnglish JCCQO UI86002308 TIFournier's gangrene in Dar Es Salaam. AULema LE EM8601 SOCent Afr J Med (Zimbabwe), Jun 1985, 31(6) p116-8 MJGangrene; Genital Diseases, Male; Scrotum MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Scrotum /PA; Tanzania MTHuman; Male IS0008-9176 LAEnglish JCCQO UI86002309 TIOptimal age for vaccinating Zimbabwean children against measles. Part I & II [letter] AUSerima E EM8601 SOCent Afr J Med (Zimbabwe), Jun 1985, 31(6) p123-5 MJImmunization Schedule; Measles MNInfant, Newborn; Infant MTHuman IS0008-9176 LAEnglish JCCQO UI86002310 TIGiardiasis, diarrhoea and malnutrition [letter] AUMason PR; Nathoo KJ EM8601 SOCent Afr J Med (Zimbabwe), Jun 1985, 31(6) p125-6 MJDiarrhea, Infantile; Giardiasis; Infant Nutrition Disorders MNInfant MTFemale; Human; Male IS0333-1024 LAEnglish JCCQP SBM UI86002311 TIMigraine and therapy [editorial] AUSjaastad O EM8601 SOCephalalgia (Norway), Sep 1985, 5(3) p121-3 MJMigraine MNAnalgesics, Anti-Inflammatory /TU; Chronic Disease; Headache /DT MTHuman RN66085-59-4 (nimodipine) IS0333-1024 LAEnglish JCCQP SBM UI86002312 TIClinical trial of nimodipine for single attacks of classic migraine. ABIn a randomized, double-blind cross-over study, 43 patients with classic migraine received 40 mg Nimodipine and placebo as sublingual capsules. There was no significant effect on patients' preference, development of headache, need for escape medicine, duration of headache, severity of headache or headache index. Considerable methodological problems were encountered. Only 54% of the 79 patients selected for the trial could be evaluated. Suggestions for future trials are made. AUJensen K; Tfelt-Hansen P; Lauritzen M; Olesen J EM8601 SOCephalalgia (Norway), Sep 1985, 5(3) p125-31 MJMigraine; Nicotinic Acids /TU; Vasodilator Agents MNClinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Nicotinic Acids /AE; Patient Dropouts; Random Allocation MTFemale; Human; Male IS0333-1024 LAEnglish JCCQP SBM UI86002313 TIThermographic and pupillary asymmetry in chronic paroxysmal hemicrania. A case study. ABFacial temperature was measured thermographically and pupillary diameter recorded photographically during and between episodes of headache and during spontaneous remission of headache in a patient with chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH). Heat loss from the orbit, nose, cheek and temple was 0.75-1.5 degrees C greater on the symptomatic side during headache, and 0.25-0.75 degrees C greater between headache episodes. Heat loss from these regions of the face was symmetrical during remission of headache. Extensive rhinorrhoea, and slight ptosis and miosis were observed during the active phase of CPH. These findings, which are similar to those previously reported in cluster headache, suggest that CPH is associated with an ocular sympathetic deficit and with overactivity in the greater superficial petrosal nerve. AUDrummond PD EM8601 SOCephalalgia (Norway), Sep 1985, 5(3) p133-6 MJMigraine; Pupil; Thermography MNAdult; Body Temperature Regulation; Body Temperature MTCase Report; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0333-1024 LAEnglish JCCQP SBM UI86002314 TIAcupuncture treatment of chronic tension headache--a controlled cross-over trial. ABIn a controlled trial the effect of traditional Chinese acupuncture v. placebo acupuncture was evaluated in 18 patients with chronic tension headache (mean disease duration 15 years). All patients suffered from daily or frequently recurring headache, the intensity of which was recorded by the patient over a period of 15 weeks. Each patient was treated by traditional Chinese acupuncture as well as by placebo acupuncture in a cross-over design following randomization. Each period of treatment comprised six treatments. Traditional Chinese acupuncture was found to be significantly more pain-relieving than placebo acupuncture, according to the pain registration of the patients themselves. The pain reduction was 31%. Acupuncture is therefore found to be a reasonable treatment for chronic tension headache. AUHansen PE; Hansen JH EM8601 SOCephalalgia (Norway), Sep 1985, 5(3) p137-42 MJAcupuncture; Headache MNChronic Disease; Clinical Trials MTHuman RNEC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.15.- (enkephalinase); 12769-48-1 (Substance P); 51-45-6 (Histamine) IS0333-1024 LAEnglish JCCQP SBM UI86002315 TISubstance P mechanism in cluster headache: evaluation in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. ABSubstance P (SP), present in sensory afferent neurons, seems to process nociceptive information in the trigeminal system. SP, released from peripheral trigeminal endings, causes typical cluster headache (CH) signs, e.g. vasodilatation, conjunctival and nasal edema and miosis. Opiates and somatostatin (SRIF), both active in relieving CH attack, inhibit SP release from the central and peripheral trigeminal system. In the present study, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), SP-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) and enkephalinase activity (EKA), and plasma SRIF-like immunoreactivity (SRIFLI) have been evaluated during spontaneous and histamine induced attacks in the cluster phase. During the histamine provoked attacks, CSF SPLI and plasma SRIFLI and EKA were unchanged, while plasma SPLI decreased significantly. During spontaneously occurring attacks, plasma SRIFLI was found to be unmodified and a significant lowering of SPLI was detected when compared with controls. Moreover, both during and between attacks in the cluster phase, plasma EKA was increased in comparison with the values in controls. It remains to be seen whether variations of plasma SPLI and EKA levels play a role in the CH mechanism. AUSicuteri F; Fanciullacci M; Geppetti P; Renzi D; Caleri D; Spillantini MG EM8601 SOCephalalgia (Norway), Sep 1985, 5(3) p143-9 MJCluster Headache /ME; Somatostatin; Substance P /ME; Vascular Headache MNAdult; Cluster Headache /BL /CF; Histamine /DU; Middle Age; Peptide Peptidohydrolases /BL; Radioimmunoassay; Substance P /BL /CF MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0333-1024 LAEnglish JCCQP SBM UI86002316 TIMigraine art. ABAn analysis is made of 207 drawings and paintings entered for a migraine art competition. All types of visual disturbances were depicted. One hundred and fifty-four of the paintings showed spectral appearances with fortification or teichopsia in 99. Sixty-two showed either a partial or complete hemianopic loss. Metamorphopsia was seen in 32 and pain was depicted in some form or another in 80. Situational or trigger factors were shown in 23. AUWilkinson M; Robinson D EM8601 SOCephalalgia (Norway), Sep 1985, 5(3) p151-7 MJArt; Migraine; Paintings; Visual Perception MNPain /PP; Scotoma /PP; Vision Disorders /ET; Vision, Entoptic MTFemale; Human; Male RN37350-58-6 (Metoprolol); 4205-90-7 (Clonidine) IS0333-1024 LAEnglish JCCQP SBM UI86002317 TIMetoprolol v. clonidine in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. ABIn a double-blind, cross-over trial, the migraine prophylactic effect of the beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist metoprolol was compared with that of clonidine. The dosage of metoprolol was 50 mg b.i.d. and of clonidine 50 micrograms b.i.d. Thirty-one patients were included; twenty-three completed the entire study. Six patients withdrew during clonidine treatment, one during metoprolol treatment and one during the wash-out period (placebo). Metoprolol had a significantly better migraine prophylactic effect than clonidine regarding such parameters as the attack frequency, the number of migraine days and the sum of intensity score. Compared to baseline (placebo), metoprolol decreased these parameters, while clonidine did not. Metoprolol, but not clonidine, also reduced the acute consumption of analgesics. No differences were found as regards side effects. AULouis P; Schoenen J; Hedman C EM8601 SOCephalalgia (Norway), Sep 1985, 5(3) p159-65 MJClonidine; Metoprolol; Migraine /DT MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Drug Tolerance; Migraine /CO; Random Allocation MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0333-1024 LAEnglish JCCQP SBM UI86002318 TIHeadaches and stress in schoolchildren: an epidemiological study. ABHeadache parameters, personality variables and stress factors were assessed in a sample of about 2,300 school pupils between 10 and 17 years of age in Amsterdam. More than 15% of the subjects reported headaches occurring weekly. Fear of failure and school problems, but not achievement motivation, had significant positive correlations with headache complaints after correction for differences in sex and age. Menarche and social class had little bearing in relation to the headache variables. From all reported causes of headache, stress was mentioned most frequently in both elementary and secondary schools. AUPasschier J; Orlebeke JF EM8601 SOCephalalgia (Norway), Sep 1985, 5(3) p167-76 MJHeadache; Stress, Psychological; Students MNAdolescence; Child; Fear; Menarche; Motivation; Personality; Questionnaires; Social Class MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.- (Plasminogen Activator, Tissue-Type) IS0098-6569 LAEnglish JCCQZ SBM UI86002320 TIApplicability of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty to patients with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator mediated thrombolysis. ABTo test the utility and safety of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), we performed the procedure in all suitable candidates with acute myocardial infarction (MI) who had successful t-PA mediated coronary thrombolysis. Twenty consecutive patients with MI received t-PA after coronary angiographic conformation of total occlusion. Successful recanalization with t-PA was achieved in 13 patients, leaving a residual obstruction of 84 +/- 6% in the nine patients for whom PTCA was attempted at a mean of 21.6 h. Success was achieved in seven patients, leading to a residual lesion of 29 +/- 7%. In the two patients for whom PTCA was unsuccessful, total reocclusion occurred prior to the attempt despite therapy with heparin, aspirin, dipyridamole, and nifedipine. All PTCA procedures were uncomplicated. Serial two-dimensional echocardiography at 10 days, compared to admission, demonstrated infarct zone wall motion index improvement in the patients with successful PTCA (group A, 0.83 +/- 0.36 to 1.46 +/- 0.49) as compared to the 13 patients without thrombolysis or successful PTCA (group B, 0.61 +/- 0.26 to 0.66 +/- 0.39), (P less than 0.05). One patient of group A sustained a massive stroke at 2 weeks after hospital discharge. In the remaining six patients, follow-up exercise testing and/or coronary arteriography demonstrated a negative treadmill test and/or patent infarct vessel, respectively. After successful PTCA, no patient had clinical signs of reocclusion, reinfarction, postinfarction angina, or congestive heart failure. At 9.4 +/- 2 months, all six patients are asymptomatic and have returned to work. Thus, sequential PTCA after t-PA can be performed safely and successfully in patients with MI and this approach may be associated with improved regional function and a favorable post-MI course. AUTopol EJ; Eha JE; Brin KP; Shapiro EP; Weiss JL; Riegel MB; Gottlieb SO; Brinker JA EM8601 ID2P50-HL-17655 SOCathet Cardiovasc Diagn (United States), 1985, 11(4) p337-48 MJAngioplasty, Transluminal; Coronary Disease; Myocardial Infarction; Plasminogen Activator, Tissue-Type MNCombined Modality Therapy; Coronary Circulation /DE; Echocardiography; Exercise Test; Follow-Up Studies; Myocardial Contraction /DE MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.31 (Urokinase) IS0098-6569 LAEnglish JCCQZ SBM UI86002321 TICoronary thrombolysis with urokinase infusion in acute myocardial infarction: multicenter study in Japan. ABThe efficacy of intracoronary administration of urokinase was evaluated in 514 patients with acute myocardial infarction (anterior, 296 patients; inferior, 195; lateral or posterior, 18; and anterior and inferior, five). The time between onset of chest pain and coronary arteriography was 0.5 to 81.0 hr with an average of 5.0 hr. Initial administration of nitrates resulted in recanalization of the coronaries in 9.3%. Subsequently, urokinase was infused into the coronary arteries, and coronary thrombolysis was successfully achieved in 66.8%. The success rate was low in a group with average infusion speed of more than 30,000 units/min or with a total dose of urokinase of 480,000 units or less. Complications, mainly arrhythmias, were present in 111 patients (33.2%) of the 334 who had successful thrombolysis and in 18 patients (10.8%) of the 166 with unsuccessful thrombolysis, but serious hemorrhage was rare and no fatal case was reported. Patients who had successful thrombolysis had less in-hospital mortality than those who did not (6.3 vs 13.3%). Thus, coronary thrombolysis can be achieved effectively and relatively safely with a sufficient amount of intracoronary urokinase administration in acute myocardial infarction. AUKambara H; Kawai C; Kammatsuse K; Sato H; Nobuyoshi M; Chino M; Miwa H; Uchida Y; Kodama K; Mitsudo K; et al EM8601 SOCathet Cardiovasc Diagn (United States), 1985, 11(4) p349-60 MJMyocardial Infarction; Urokinase /TU MNAdult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Coronary Vessels /DE /RA; Follow-Up Studies; Japan; Middle Age; Myocardial Infarction /RA; Urokinase /AE MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.4.- (Streptokinase) IS0098-6569 LAEnglish JCCQZ SBM UI86002322 TICombined medical and mechanical recanalization in acute myocardial infarction. ABA technique of combined medical and mechanical recanalization was employed in 96 patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction. The mean time between onset of symptoms and admission to hospital was 170 +/- 65 min (X +/- SD). After 10 +/- 16 min, 250,000 U streptokinase was administered intravenously for 20 min. Intracoronary thrombolysis was commenced within 38 +/- 14 min. First coronary angiograms demonstrated reperfusion, an open vessel in 25/96 patients (26%). In 15/71 patients (21%) reperfusion occurred during thrombolysis therapy, before mechanical recanalization could be performed. Recanalization was achieved mechanically in 37/71 patients (52%) with occluded coronary vessels. In 8/71 patients (11%) mechanical recanalization failed but the vessel opened during thrombolysis. In 12/96 patients (12%), the coronary vessel remained occluded. Thus, reperfusion could be achieved in 88% of the patients. Reperfusion rate was 76% in the first 38 patients and 95% subsequently. After reperfusion, coronary thrombi were found in 25/96 patients (26%) but dissolved during thrombolysis in 16/25 patients (64%). Peripheral coronary embolism was observed in 3/25 patients (12%). For the whole group, reocclusion occurred in 8/84 patients (10%). By combined medical and mechanical recanalization, the recanalization rate could be increased with low reocclusion rate. Trends showed an improvement in regional and global left ventricular function in patients with anterior myocardial infarction. AUErbel R; Pop T; Meinertz T; Kasper W; Schreiner G; Henkel B; Henrichs KJ; Pfeiffer C; Rupprecht HJ; Meyer J EM8601 SOCathet Cardiovasc Diagn (United States), 1985, 11(4) p361-77 MJAngioplasty, Transluminal; Myocardial Infarction /TH; Streptokinase MNAged; Arrhythmia /MO; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronary Circulation /DE; Coronary Disease /TH; Electrocardiography; Hemodynamics /DE; Infusions, Parenteral; Middle Age; Myocardial Contraction /DE; Myocardial Infarction /MO; Recurrence; Stroke Volume /DE MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.- (Streptokinase) IS0098-6569 LAEnglish JCCQZ SBM UI86002323 TICoronary angiography and intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in the coronary care unit: an alternative approach. ABThe feasibility, safety and efficacy of performing left heart catheterization, coronary angiography, and intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in the coronary care unit setting were examined in 17 patients with acute ischemic syndromes presenting at a time when routine catheterization facilities were not available. In all cases, cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography were performed in the coronary care unit without difficulty using a portable image intensifier and a portable video recording system, and selective intracoronary streptokinase was safely administered in 13 patients with a total coronary occlusion, with successful thrombolysis in seven patients (54%). No adverse effects attributable to the performance of these procedures in the coronary care unit were observed. This approach might allow for a more prompt response and wider availability of intracoronary thrombolytic therapy for patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction. AUGottlieb SO; Guzman PA; Brin KP; Walford GD; Brinker JA EM8601 SOCathet Cardiovasc Diagn (United States), 1985, 11(4) p379-87 MJCoronary Vessels /RA; Myocardial Infarction; Streptokinase MNCoronary Care Units; Coronary Circulation /DE; Coronary Disease /DT; Coronary Vessels /DE; Myocardial Infarction /RA; Recurrence; Videodisc Recording /IS; Videotape Recording /IS; X-Ray Intensifying Screens MTHuman RN9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0098-6569 LAEnglish JCCQZ SBM UI86002324 TIHeparin elimination following continuous infusion during intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. ABThe decline of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) following discontinuation of heparin infusion was measured in six intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) patients. The heparin infusion requirement was determined for eight other IABP patients during stable therapeutic anticoagulation. Following discontinuation of infusion, APTT declined with a relatively constant half-life (t 1/2 of 2.4 +/- 0.08 hr, suggesting elimination by first-order kinetics. In comparison, the t 1/2 following single bolus doses has been shown to be markedly dose dependent, increasing from 30 min at low doses to 2 hr at very high doses. The heparin requirement for IABP patients was found to be 16 +/- 2.5 U/kg/hr, similar to that reported for other clinical situations. The t 1/2 of the APTT following discontinuation of heparin infusion can be used to time invasive procedures that would best be done with normal hemostasis. AUJacob AS; Steingart RH; Schweger MJ EM8601 SOCathet Cardiovasc Diagn (United States), 1985, 11(4) p389-92 MJAngina Pectoris; Angina, Unstable /TH; Heparin /BL; Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping MNAngina, Unstable /BL; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Half-Life; Heparin /AD; Infusions, Parenteral; Metabolic Clearance Rate MTHuman IS0098-6569 LAEnglish JCCQZ SBM UI86002325 TIQuantitative assessment of left ventricular function after myocardial infarction using the minnesota Q-QS codes for resting electrocardiograms. ABThe electrocardiogram as a quantitative predictor of left ventricular systolic function was investigated in subjects with one myocardial infarction. The first 509 consecutive subjects to enter the Program of Surgical Control of Hyperlipidemia were studied by selective left ventriculography. Electrocardiograms taken during a prior hospitalization of the subjects for acute myocardial infarction were classified according to the Minnesota Q-QS codes. This study showed that the lower (ie, the more significant) Q-QS codes were highly correlated with reduced left ventricular function as measured both by a lower ejection fraction and by a greater number of left ventricular segments showing abnormal systolic motion. In addition, the location of segmental wall motion abnormalities correlated with the electrocardiographic site of the Q-QS code. AUKarnegis JN; Matts J; Tuna N; Amplatz K; Moore RB; Buchwald H EM8601 SOCathet Cardiovasc Diagn (United States), 1985, 11(4) p393-400 MJElectrocardiography; Heart Ventricle; Myocardial Infarction MNAdult; Arrhythmia /PP; Cardiac Output; Clinical Trials; Coronary Disease /PP; Electrocardiography /CL; Hyperlipidemia /PP; Middle Age MTHuman IS0098-6569 LAEnglish JCCQZ SBM UI86002326 TIPercutaneous balloon catheter angioplasty of coarctation of the abdominal aorta: report of two cases. ABTwo patients with coarctation of the abdominal aorta are reported. They both underwent successful transluminal balloon angioplasty. The immediate and short-term results have been excellent. This method and its role in the treatment of coarctation of the abdominal aorta are discussed. AUSchechter C; Angelini P; Treistman B EM8601 SOCathet Cardiovasc Diagn (United States), 1985, 11(4) p401-7 MJAngioplasty, Transluminal; Aortic Coarctation MNAdolescence; Adult; Aorta, Abdominal; Blood Pressure; Hypertension /TH MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RNEC 3.4.- (Streptokinase) IS0098-6569 LAEnglish JCCQZ SBM UI86002327 TIThe role of intravenous streptokinase in acute arterial occlusions after cardiac catheterization. ABArterial occlusions after cardiac catheterization are usually treated surgically. We report four patients with femoral thrombosis or distal emboli that developed after cardiac catheterization. Each patient was treated successfully with intravenous streptokinase. Therapy was initiated 1-60 hr after the procedure. The duration of infusion lasted 4-42 hr (mean 27 hr). Pulses were restored 4-19 hr (mean 10 hr) after the beginning of infusion. There was no major hemorrhagic complication, even in patients with very early streptokinase infusion. Thus intravenous streptokinase may be an alternate choice to surgery for arterial occlusions after invasive procedures. AUGagnon RM; Goudreau E; Joyal F; Morissette M; Roussin A EM8601 SOCathet Cardiovasc Diagn (United States), 1985, 11(4) p409-12 MJHeart Catheterization; Leg; Streptokinase; Thrombosis MNAdult; Aged; Arteries; Infusions, Parenteral; Ischemia /DT; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0098-6569 LAEnglish JCCQZ SBM UI86002328 TICardiac tamponade following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: four case reports. ABPercutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has had complications related to dilating catheters and guide wires such as coronary artery dissection, spasm, rupture, and perforation. This report describes four patients who developed cardiac tamponade following PTCA, presumably from right ventricular (RV) perforation. All four received large doses of heparin during PTCA and three received antiplatelet therapy. In three cases, cardiac tamponade occurred several hours after PTCA. All patients did well following operative intervention and no patient required repair of a cardiac perforation. We postulate that impaired hemostasis in the presence of an otherwise inconsequential RV perforation causes tamponade. Three alternatives to provide standby pacing are proposed. AUGoldbaum TS; Jacob AS; Smith DF; Pichard A; Lindsay J Jr EM8601 SOCathet Cardiovasc Diagn (United States), 1985, 11(4) p413-6 MJAngioplasty, Transluminal; Cardiac Tamponade; Coronary Disease MNAdult; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial /AE; Heart Catheterization /AE; Heart Ventricle /IN; Heparin /AE; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RN9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0098-6569 LAEnglish JCCQZ SBM UI86002329 TIAcute anterior myocardial infarction complicated by mural thrombus and peripheral thromboembolism despite anticoagulation. ABA 43-year-old man had transmural anterior wall myocardial infarction complicated by hypotension and anterior-apical aneurysmal formation. Despite continuous anticoagulation with heparin sodium (heparin) and warfarin sodium (coumadin), a large pedunculated left ventricular thrombus was formed. Four hours after uneventful left ventriculography, the patient experienced acute superior mesenteric embolism. An emergency mesenteric embolectomy and then left ventricular aneurysmectomy with clot evacuation were performed to save the bowel and to prevent further embolization. AUHwang MH; Pacold I; Loeb HS EM8601 SOCathet Cardiovasc Diagn (United States), 1985, 11(4) p417-22 MJEmbolism; Heart Ventricle; Heparin; Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion; Myocardial Infarction; Thrombosis MNAdult; Embolism /DT; Heart Aneurysm /DI; Mesenteric Arteries; Myocardial Infarction /DT; Thrombosis /DT MTCase Report; Human; Male RN55-63-0 (Glyceryl Trinitrate) IS0098-6569 LAEnglish JCCQZ SBM UI86002330 TICoronary artery vasospasm during treatment with intravenous nitroglycerin. ABWe present a case of coronary artery vasospasm occurring during cardiac catheterization, which occurred while the patient was receiving substantial doses of intravenous nitroglycerin. Continued coronary artery vasospasm despite resolution of chest pain and response of vasospasm to intracoronary nitroglycerin are important clinical points. AUHom GA; Brent BN EM8601 SOCathet Cardiovasc Diagn (United States), 1985, 11(4) p423-6 MJAngina Pectoris; Angina, Unstable; Aortocoronary Bypass; Coronary Disease; Coronary Vasospasm; Glyceryl Trinitrate MNCoronary Vessels /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Graft Occlusion, Vascular /DT /ET; Heart Catheterization; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications /DT MTCase Report; Female; Human RN55-63-0 (Glyceryl Trinitrate) IS0098-6569 LAEnglish JCCQZ SBM UI86002331 TIPhysiological nature of the internal mammary artery grafts. ABA 4-month postoperative angiographic study of an internal mammary artery (IMA) graft illustrates its capacity to regulate flow by changes in caliber in response to changes in coronary vascular resistance. This physiological adaptability may be one of the reasons for excellent long-term results of in situ IMA grafts. AUSingh RN EM8601 SOCathet Cardiovasc Diagn (United States), 1985, 11(4) p427-31 MJCoronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Internal Mammary Artery Implantation; Myocardial Revascularization MNCoronary Circulation /DE; Electrocardiography; Exercise Test; Glyceryl Trinitrate /TU; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications /DT MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0098-6569 LAEnglish JCCQZ SBM UI86002332 TIA modified catheter system for retrograde left ventricular catheterization in aortic valve stenosis. ABConventional retrograde catheterization of the left ventricle using a single large catheter through severely stenotic aortic valves or prostheses has recognized difficulties. An alternative method is described. This method incorporates a coronary angioplasty guide catheter and coronary probing catheter attached to separate pressure transducers allowing simultaneous recording or aortic and LV pressures. This technique was used in seven patients with aortic stenosis in whom a conventional approach had failed. The movable probing catheter permits alterations of the catheter orientation and angulation while the guiding catheter stabilizes the system within the high velocity jet formed in the ascending aorta. This stabilization and the small size of the coronary probing catheter permit exploration of the valve surface and allow for insertion through a tilting disc valve or a severely stenotic valve without significantly altering hemodynamic function. In our laboratory this technique allowed us safely and reliably to assess aortic valve dynamics in each of the patients in whom the technique was attempted without resorting to either transseptal or direct left ventricular puncture. AUMacdonald RG; Feldman RL; Pepine CJ EM8601 SOCathet Cardiovasc Diagn (United States), 1985, 11(4) p433-9 MJAortic Valve Stenosis; Heart Catheterization MNElectrocardiography; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Hemodynamics MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0098-6569 LAEnglish JCCQZ SBM UI86002333 TIInjection of contrast medium within the interatrial septum [letter] AURubenfire M EM8601 SOCathet Cardiovasc Diagn (United States), 1985, 11(4) p442 MJContrast Media; Heart Atrium; Heart Catheterization; Heart Septum MNHeart Catheterization /IS MTHuman IS0098-6569 LAEnglish JCCQZ SBM UI86002334 TIPercutaneous brachial catheterization [letter] AUCampeau L EM8601 SOCathet Cardiovasc Diagn (United States), 1985, 11(4) p443-4 MJCoronary Vessels; Heart Catheterization MNBrachial Artery MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 2.7.3.2 (Creatine Kinase); EC 2.7.4.3 (Adenylate Kinase); EC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); 9004-10-8 (Insulin); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0045-6039 LAEnglish JCCQ6 SBM UI86002335 TIThe differentiation of L5/A10 myoblast cell line (a subclone of L5 line) is controlled by changes of culture conditions. ABWe report here that it is possible to induce differentiation in a subline of L5 myoblast line (L5/A10) by manipulating the culture media. When L5/A10 myoblast are cultured in F14 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum the cells grow with a division time of 12 h and reach confluency at a cell density of approximately 2.4 X 10(5) cells per cm2, without undergoing differentiation, characterized, morphologically, by formation of multinucleated fibers, and biochemically, by the synthesis of muscle specific proteins such as creatine phosphokinase or myokinase. However, cells, grown in F14 + 10% fetal calf serum, will undergo regular differentiation after a limited number of division when transferred to F14 medium supplemented with limiting concentrations (1-2%) of fetal calf serum. Investigations of the biochemistry of myoblast differentiation in cell culture will be facilitated by the availability of a cell line that can undergo differentiation under controlled conditions. AUScarpa S; Uhlendorf BW; Cantoni GL EM8601 SOCell Differ (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 17(2) p105-14 MJCell Differentiation; Muscles MNAdenylate Kinase /ME; Cell Fusion; Cell Line; Creatine Kinase /BI; Culture Media; DNA /ME; Insulin /PD; Rats; Trypsin /DU MTAnimal IS0045-6039 LAEnglish JCCQ6 SBM UI86002336 TIMinor histocompatibility antigens are developmentally regulated on murine embryonal carcinoma cells and their early differentiated derivatives. ABDifferences in the expression of minor histocompatibility (Hm) alloantigens on two mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines and the PYS-2 and T.D.M.-1 differentiated derivatives have been demonstrated by their ability to elicit a cytolytic T lymphocyte response. Experiments involving the use of various responder-target strain combinations and recombinant inbred mice strains have shown that: (1) there are major differences in Hm expression on EC cells compared with differentiated derivatives whose Hm expression appears more like that of adult splenocytes; (2) although both EC cell lines show reduced Hm immunogenicity compared with adult splenocytes, major differences in the expression and possible presentation of Hm between the F9 and PCC3 EC cell lines can be detected by in vivo priming and by in vitro cold competition target experiments. These observations are discussed in relation to the differences in allograft rejection patterns observed with PCC3 and F9 and to possible differences in developmental staging of these cell lines. AUAvner P; Simmler MC EM8601 SOCell Differ (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 17(2) p115-23 MJMinor Histocompatibility Loci; Teratoma MNCell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Immunization; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic /IM; Teratoma /PA; Yolk Sac /CY /IM MTAnimal IS0045-6039 LAEnglish JCCQ6 SBM UI86002337 TIPattern of protein synthesis in dissociated embryonic cells of Xenopus laevis whose reaggregation was inhibited by Ca2+-deprivation and by mechanical interference. ABProtein synthesis was studied in dissociated Xenopus embryonic cells whose reaggregation was inhibited either chemically (deprivation of Ca2+) or mechanically (cultivation on sintered glass filter). Under reaggregation-inhibited conditions, synthesis of several proteins was inhibited in neurula but not in blastula and gastrula cells. Under reaggregating conditions, pattern of protein synthesis in blastula cells became 'neurula-cell-type' after 17 h. However, under non-reaggregating conditions, activation of many proteins was inhibited. The inhibition was mostly reversible and similar to that observed in neurula cells inhibited by actinomycin D. Thus, synthesis of many proteins directed by new transcripts at the neurula stage appears to depend on the maintenance of cell-to-cell contact. AUShiokawa K; Saito A; Tashiro K; Nomura K; Koga K; Yamana K EM8601 SOCell Differ (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 17(2) p125-34 MJCell Aggregation; Embryo; Proteins; Xenopus laevis MNAge Factors; Blastocyst /CY /PH; Embryo /ME; Gastrula /CY /PH; Gene Expression Regulation; Isoelectric Point; Molecular Weight; Time Factors; Xenopus laevis /GE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (discoidins); 50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0045-6039 LAEnglish JCCQ6 SBM UI86002338 TICell surface carbohydrates and cell recognition in Dictyostelium. ABCarbohydrate ligands and complementary receptors have been detected on the surface of Dictyostelium cells, using lectins, monoclonal antibodies, and immobilized sugar probes. They have been implicated in cell recognition processes, such as phagocytosis and intercellular adhesion, and could act as membrane signals for differentiation. Specific glycoproteins have been proposed to mediate intercellular adhesion in Dictyostelium discoideum and Polysphondylium pallidum and to account for the species-specificity of adhesion displayed by these species. Recent studies with the inhibitor of N-glycosylation, tunicamycin, and with glycosylation defective mutants suggest that some carbohydrate groups in these glycoproteins play a role in cell adhesion. AUBozzaro S EM8601 SOCell Differ (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 17(2) p67-82 MJCarbohydrates; Cell Adhesion; Dictyostelium; Glycolipids; Glycoproteins MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Antigenic Determinants; Binding Sites; Cell Aggregation; Cell Membrane /PH; Cell Movement; Fungal Proteins /PH; Glucose /PH; Lectins /DU; Molecular Weight; Myxomycota /PH; Phagocytosis; Structure-Activity Relationship MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7512-17-6 (Acetylglucosamine) IS0045-6039 LAEnglish JCCQ6 SBM UI86002339 TIMonoclonal antibodies against Dictyostelium plasma membranes: their binding to simple sugars. ABMonoclonal antibodies raised against purified membranes from Dictyostelium discoideum were classified according to three criteria: type of antigen as revealed in immunoblots, developmental regulation of the target antigens, and location of the antigens on the cell surface. Some antibodies reacted with myosin, two with glycolipids. One group of antibodies bound to the protein moiety of the contact site A glycoprotein, whereas another group reacted with carbohydrate epitopes that the contact site A glycoprotein shared with a few other membrane glycoproteins. Binding of the latter antibodies to their antigens was either specifically blocked by N-acetylglucosamine or by maltose as well as methyl-alpha-mannoside and N-acetylglucosamine. These anti-carbohydrate antibodies bound specifically to agarose beads derivatized with some sugars. These results and competition studies with several carbohydrates suggest that the epitope recognized by the antibodies contains as major components N-acetylglucosamine, maltose and alpha-mannose residues. One monoclonal antibody, which reacts with N-acetylglucosamine, was used for affinity purification of the contact site A glycoprotein from a crude membrane extract. N-acetylglucosamine was used as a mild eluent of the antigen from the antibody column. No detergents were added during the entire purification procedure. AUBozzaro S; Merkl R EM8601 SOCell Differ (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 17(2) p83-94 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Carbohydrates; Dictyostelium MNAcetylglucosamine /IM; Antibody Specificity; Cell Adhesion; Cell Membrane /IM; Dictyostelium /UL; Glycoproteins /IM; Membrane Proteins /IM; Molecular Weight; Myosin /IM MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN71441-09-3 (Ro 13-6298) IS0045-6039 LAEnglish JCCQ6 SBM UI86002340 TIEvaluation of the sensitive step of inhibition of chondrogenesis by retinoids in limb mesenchymal cells in vitro. ABThe sensitive step of inhibition of chondrogenesis in vitro by retinoids was investigated in modified micromass cultures of limb bud mesenchymal cells from mouse embryos of day 11 and 12. Evaluation of chondrogenesis was performed after alcian blue staining, using a simple random hit counting of cartilage nodules. All-trans-retinoic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid, and a newly developed arotinoid, RO 13-6298, were tested for their ability to inhibit chondrogenesis. We found that inhibition of chondrogenesis depended on the dosage and the duration of treatment with the different retinoids. Further analysis showed that chondrogenesis in limb bud mesenchymal cells from the proximal part was irreversibly inhibited after one hour of treatment, whereas distal cells showed a reduction of cartilage development only after a treatment period of 12 and more hours. In respect to the doses of the retinoids, proximal cells were about one magnitude more vulnerable than distal cells. These proximo-distal differences were obtained with 13-cis-retinoic acid at 10 micrograms/ml, with all-trans-retinoic acid at 1 microgram/ml and with arotinoid RO 13-6298 with 10 ng/ml. It is supposed that the late blastemal stage of chondrogenic differentiation before the onset of matrix synthesis is the step which is most vulnerable to retinoid treatment. AUZimmermann B; Tsambaos D EM8601 SOCell Differ (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 17(2) p95-103 MJCartilage; Extremities; Retinoids MNBenzoates /PD; Cell Differentiation /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Isomerism; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Organ Culture MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002341 TIMorphologic and phenotypic analysis of canine natural killer cells: evidence for T-cell lineage. ABCanine natural killer (NK) activity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity were studied utilizing a canine thyroid adenocarcinoma cell line and a lymphoblastoid cell line (CT-45S), respectively, as cell targets. Fractionation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by Percoll discontinuous-gradient centrifugation resulted in a six- to sevenfold enrichment in large granular lymphocytes (LGL) in parallel with a twofold increase in NK activity (%specific lysis) in low-density fractions. Further enrichment in LGL (78 +/- 6%) and NK activity (threefold increase) was obtained by lytic treatment of low-density fractions 2 and 3 with monoclonal antibody WIG4. By means of cytolytic treatment with additional monoclonal antibodies the phenotype of canine NK cells was determined as Dly-1+, Dly-6+, 1A1+, E-11+, DT-2-, WIG4-. Some NK cells were also Ia+. NK activity was relatively radioresistant with 40% specific lysis even after irradiation with 40 Gy. Among the populations examined, the highest NK activity was found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, followed by splenic mononuclear cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells. These results indicate that canine NK cells have the morphology of LGL, are relatively radioresistant, and express cell surface antigens suggesting a T-cell lineage. AULoughran TP Jr; Deeg HJ; Storb R EM8601 IDCA 31787; CA 18221; CA 30924; + SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p207-17 MJKiller Cells, Natural /CY; T Lymphocytes /CY MNAdenocarcinoma /IM; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity /RE; Cell Line; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Dogs; Killer Cells, Natural /CL /RE; Leukocyte Count; Phenotype; T Lymphocytes /CL; Thyroid Neoplasms /IM MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN62031-54-3 (Fibroblast Growth Factor) IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002342 TIIdentification of L-cell growth stimulating antibody as anti-actin. ABAnti-L-cell antisera having potent cell growth stimulatory properties were shown by Western blotting to have predominant specificity toward a protein with a molecular weight of 42K which we identified as actin. Extractions of L cells, based upon the known insolubility of cytoskeletal proteins (including actin) in Triton X-100 and the solubility of actin in low ionic strength Ca2+ and ATP-containing buffer, led to actin-enriched preparations that retained immunoreactivity with the anti-L-cell antisera. The 42-kDa antigen binds to deoxyribonuclease I, has a pI = 5.2-5.4, and has an amino acid composition, including the presence of 3-methylhistidine, compatible with compositions determined for actins from other sources. Rabbit antiserum specific for this 42-kDa protein, isolated by SDS-PAGE, reproduced the cell growth stimulation by the anti-L-cell antisera and absorption of the antiserum with purified L-cell actin eliminated this stimulation. Moreover, these antibodies bind to the microfilaments of 3T3 fibroblasts. When purified actins were used as soluble antigen inhibitors of the immune reactivity of antiserum to 42-kDa protein with intact L cells, rabbit thymus actin competed with the surface molecules on L cells and reduced the stimulatory effect of the antiserum by 80% at an actin concentration of 150 micrograms/ml. Chicken muscle actin reduced the antibody stimulation effect by only 24% at the same protein concentration, and mouse muscle actin was ineffective as an inhibitor. The F(ab')2 fraction of anti-42K IgG was effective in stimulating L cells, thus documenting the immune nature of the actin-anti-42K interaction. We conclude that anti-actin antibodies, upon binding to actin-like cell surface determinants on L cells, stimulate cellular metabolism. AUMcClure JE; Moore WP 3d; Green CG; Shearer WT EM8601 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p218-33 MJActins; Antibodies; Fibroblast Growth Factor /IP; L Cells /ME MNAntibodies /PH; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Binding Sites, Antibody; Cell Division; Fibroblast Growth Factor /IM /PH; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; L Cells /CY /IM; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Molecular Weight; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002343 TILocal cellular defenses in influenza-infected lungs. ABThe functional capacities and surface phenotype of the cells that accumulate in the lungs of hamsters during influenza A virus (PR/8/34) infection were studied to determine the cellular mechanisms that may limit the viral infection in the lung. Nonspecific natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity was augmented early (3 days) after infection in the lung but was undetectable at 6 days postinoculation. Virus-specific cytotoxic cells were detected within populations of mononuclear cells harvested from the lung but not from the hilar lymph node or spleen of influenza-infected hamsters following intratracheal inoculation. In contrast to virus-specific cytotoxic activity which remained locally, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) activity was detected in assays in which cells were used from lung, hilar lymph nodes, or spleen. Depletion studies using rabbit anti-asialo GM1 and newly developed mouse monoclonals WI20 and WI38, which detect surface antigens on hamster T-lymphocyte populations, demonstrated that in the hamster NK cells are asialo GM+, WI20-, WI38-; DTH lymphocytes are asialo GM-, WI20+, WI38-; and cytotoxic T lymphocytes are asialo GM-, WI20+, WI38+. Together these data suggest that antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells can be induced locally within the hamster lung during influenza infection, but that they appear to be unable to circulate systemically, unlike the T cells that mediate DTH. Thus while the lung appears to share some immune responses to local infections with peripheral lymphoid organs, effector cells can be induced to develop locally and may be regulated locally without a mandatory involvement of the systemic immune system. AUStein-Streilein J; Witte PL; Streilein JW; Guffee J EM8601 IDHL29546; HL23870 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p234-46 MJInfluenza MNAntigens, Surface /AN; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Hamsters; Hypersensitivity, Delayed /IM; Immunity, Cellular; Influenza /MI; Killer Cells, Natural /IM; Lung /CY; Lymphocyte Depletion; Orthomyxoviruses Type A /IM; Phenotype; T Lymphocytes /CL MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002344 TIAdherence of tumor cells to endothelial monolayers: inhibition by lymphokines. ABTumor cells can adhere to endothelial cell monolayers in vitro. The kinetics of this reaction are rapid; 50% of maximal binding occurs by 30 min of incubation. In the case of the P815 mastocytoma, the maximal percentage of binding is approximately 70%, suggesting that there are both binding and nonbinding tumor cell populations. Binding is independent of tumor cell dose over a 200-fold range of cell concentrations. Lymphokine-containing preparations were found to markedly suppress the binding of either P815 mastocytoma or Ehrlich ascites cells to endothelium. This effect appeared to be due to both diminished attachment and enhanced dissociation. The activity is found in the same molecular weight range as tumor migration inhibition factor (TMIF), and is not found in preparations lacking TMIF activity. Thus, the factor may prove to be TMIF itself or a lymphokine related to it. Of equal interest is the possibility that it represents a previously undescribed factor. AUCohen MC; Mecley M; Antonia SJ; Picciano PT EM8601 IDCA-32319; AI-12477; HL-25015 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p247-57 MJCarcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor /PP; Endothelium /PH; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lymphokines; Sarcoma, Mast Cell /PP MNBinding, Competitive; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor /IM; Cattle; Cell Adhesion; Endothelium /IM; Guinea Pigs; Kinetics; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice; Sarcoma, Mast Cell /IM MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A); 0 (TNP-ficoll); 25702-74-3 (Ficoll) IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002346 TIInduction of an immune response in athymic nude mice to thymus-dependent antigens by Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. ABExposure of spleen cells from athymic nude mice to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A induces these cells to respond to the thymus-dependent (TD) antigen sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). The response induced by toxin is dose dependent, antigen specific, and not due to polyclonal B-cell activation. Enhancement of the anti-SRBC response can be observed when toxin addition precedes antigen stimulation by 24-48 hr, which decreases when toxin administration follows antigen stimulation. A significant response is also observed when toxin and antigen are added simultaneously. A significant anti-SRBC response can be observed out to Day 10 postantigen and toxin stimulation after attaining a peak response at Day 5. Cultures exposed to toxin in the presence or absence of antigen exhibited a higher cell number and relative number of B cells as compared to control cultures. Exposure of T-cell depleted B cells from euthymic +/nu mice to toxin plus antigen does not result in an anti-SRBC response indicating that exotoxin A alone is not sufficient to induce B-cell responsiveness to T-dependent antigens and that other cells and/or factors are involved in the toxin-induced responsiveness of nude mice to T-dependent antigens. AUHolt PS; Misfeldt ML EM8601 IDAI19359 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p265-75 MJBlood Groups; Exotoxins; Pseudomonas Aeruginosa; T Lymphocytes MNAntibody Formation; B Lymphocytes /IM; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Ficoll /AA /IM; Haptens /IM; Hemolytic Plaque Technic; Kinetics; Mice, Nude; Mice; Sheep /IM; Trinitrobenzenes /IM MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN11089-65-9 (Tunicamycin) IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002347 TIHuman natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes require cell surface carbohydrate determinants for lytic function. ABCloned and uncloned populations of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were treated with tunicamycin, an antibiotic that inhibits N-linked glycosylation, in order to study the potential role of cell surface carbohydrate determinants in lytic function. It is shown that tunicamycin-treated NK and CTL effector cells lose killer function in a dose-dependent manner. This effect is reversible; cells washed free of tunicamycin begin to recover their killer activity within 2 to 3 days after initial treatment. Conjugate experiments indicate that killer-target cell binding is not affected by tunicamycin treatment of the NK cells. It is also shown that tunicamycin treatment of target cells does not significantly affect their ability to be lysed by NK or CTL effector cells. These studies provide evidence that carbohydrate determinants are important in the lytic mechanism of both CTL and NK cells, rather than in specific effector-target cell binding. AUKornbluth J EM8601 IDCA-37837 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p276-87 MJAntigens, Surface /IM; Carbohydrates /IM; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Killer Cells, Natural /IM; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic /IM MNAntigens, Surface /AN; Carbohydrates /AN /ME; Cell Line; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic /DE; Glycoproteins /ME; Killer Cells, Natural /DE; Membrane Proteins /ME; Phytohemagglutinins /PD; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic /DE; Tunicamycin /PD MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002348 TIRole of macrophages as modulators but not as autonomous accessory cells in primary antibody response. ABThe role of macrophages (M phi) in the in vitro primary antibody response of murine lymphocytes to sheep erythrocytes was investigated. Peritoneal M phi were activated to express Ia antigens either in vitro or in vivo. Nonactivated Ia- M phi were also examined. We observed that only Ia- M phi but also Ia+ M phi failed to trigger the antibody response, in contrast with splenic dendritic cells (DC) which served as potent and autonomous accessory cells, but that M phi modulated the level of response which was dependent primarily on the DC content of culture. The modulation appeared to incline to suppression rather than enhancement, when M phi were allowed to remain throughout the culture period for 4 days. A highly enhancing capacity of M phi, however, could be revealed by removing M phi 2 days after the initiation of culture, indicating that M phi exerted their suppressive effect more strongly in the late phase than in the early phase of in vitro antibody response. The modulatory activity seemed higher in Ia+ M phi than in Ia- M phi. AUKomatsubara S; Hirayama Y; Inaba K; Naito K; Yoshida K; Kawai J; Muramatsu S EM8601 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p288-96 MJAntibody Formation; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Leukocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Macrophages /IM MNBlood Groups /IM; Hemolytic Plaque Technic; Macrophages /CL; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice; Sheep /IM; Spleen /CY MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.5.4 (Nucleoside Deaminases); EC 3.5.4.4 (Adenosine Deaminase); 11033-22-0 (Coformycin); 53910-25-1 (2'-deoxycoformycin) IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002349 TIThe effects of an induced adenosine deaminase deficiency on T-cell differentiation in the rat. ABInherited deficiency of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been found in a significant proportion of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease and inherited defect generally characterized by a deficiency of both B and T cells. Two questions are central to understanding the pathophysiology of this disease: (1) at what stage or stages in lymphocyte development are the effects of the enzyme deficiency manifested; (2) what are the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the selective pathogenicity of the lymphoid system. We have examined the stage or stages of rat T-cell development in vivo which are affected by an induced adenosine deaminase deficiency using the ADA inhibitors, erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA) and 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF). In normal rats given daily administration of an ADA inhibitor, cortical thymocytes were markedly depleted; peripheral lymphocytes and pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S) all were relatively unaffected. Since a deficiency of ADA affects lymphocyte development, the regeneration of cortical and medullary thymocytes and their precursors after sublethal irradiation was used as a model of lymphoid development. By Day 5 after irradiation the thymus was reduced to 0.10-0.5% of its normal size; whereas at Days 9 and 14 the thymus was 20-40% and 60-80% regenerated, respectively. When irradiated rats were given daily parenteral injections of the ADA inhibitor plus adenosine or deoxyadenosine, thymus regeneration at Days 9 and 14 was markedly inhibited, whereas the regeneration of thymocyte precursors was essentially unaffected. Thymus regeneration was at least 40-fold lower than in rats given adenosine or deoxyadenosine alone. Virtually identical results were obtained with both ADA inhibitors, EHNA and DCF. The majority of thymocytes present at Day 9 and at Day 14 in inhibitor-treated rats had the characteristics of subcapsular cortical thymocytes which are probably the most ancestral of the thymocytes. Thus, an induced ADA deficiency blocked the proliferation and differentiation of subcapsular cortical thymocytes which are the precursors of cortical and medullary thymocytes. AUBarton RW EM8601 IDHD17061; HD 00554 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p297-310 MJAdenosine Deaminase /DF; Nucleoside Deaminases; T Lymphocytes /CY MNAdenosine Deaminase /AI; Cell Differentiation /DE /RE; Coformycin /AA /TO; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Radiation Chimera; Rats, Inbred LEW; Rats; Regeneration /DE; Spleen /DE /EN; T Lymphocytes /CL /EN; Thymus Gland /DE /EN /PH MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9000-07-1 (Carrageenan) IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002352 TIDepression of afferent arc of the in vivo cytotoxic T-cell immunity by bacterial lipopolysaccharides. ABThe afferent arc of the in vivo cytotoxic T-cell immunity assessed by second set rejection of ascitic allogeneic tumors was shown to be depressed by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that was administered simultaneously with or 1 day before injection of allogeneic spleen cells as stimulators. Two different LPSs from Escherichia coli O55 and Klebsiella O3 displayed similar activities whereas dextran sulfate, concanavalin A, or poly A:U was not effective. Stimulator activities of allogeneic cells was not directly modified by LPS. Any definite suppressor activity on afferent or efferent arc of the T-cell response was not demonstrable in mice receiving LPS and allogeneic cells. Further, the LPS effect for immune depression was not diminished by whole body X-ray irradiation to the recipient at 300 R, which ablated the B-cell reactivity to LPS for polyclonal activation, or by treatment of the recipient with carrageenan, a known toxic agent to macrophages. It was suggested from these results that LPS suppresses the cytotoxic T-cell immunity by modulating responder T cells to be temporarily refractory to the allogeneic stimulus rather than by activating suppressor cells such as radiation-sensitive lymphocytes and carrageenan-sensitive macrophages. AUMizoguchi K; Nakashima I; Hasegawa Y; Isobe K; Kato N; Shimokata K; Kawashima K; Nagase F; Ando K; Yoshida T; et al EM8601 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p330-9 MJCytotoxicity, Immunologic; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lipopolysaccharides; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic MNCarrageenan /PD; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic /RE; Graft Rejection /DE; Immunization, Passive; Leukemia L1210 /FG /IM; Lymphocyte Transformation /DE /RE; Lymphoma /FG /IM; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice, Mutant Strains; Mice; Radiation Chimera; Suppressor Cells /IM MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002353 TIThe generation of effector T cells in influenza A-infected, cyclosporine A-treated mice. ABSpecific effector T cells that mediate DTH to influenza virus were found to be formed in vivo in CsA-treated mice. The activity of these cells could only be measured when they were transferred into untreated naive mice. The cells mediating DTH were H-2 restricted in the I region of the MHC. When effector T cells that mediated DTH were transferred into CsA-treated recipients, no DTH activity could be detected. Influenza-specific cytotoxic T cells could not be detected in the spleens of CsA-treated mice given virus intravenously, even when drug treatment was started 3 days after virus administration. There was only a partial restoration of cytotoxic activity when spleen cells from CsA-treated infected mice were cultured in the presence of virus-infected stimulators. This seemed to indicate that Class I-restricted responses were more susceptible to CsA than the generation of Class II (or I-region-restricted) responses. AUSchiltknecht E; Ada GL EM8601 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p340-8 MJCyclosporins; Influenza; Lymphocyte Transformation; T Lymphocytes /IM MNCytotoxicity, Immunologic /DE; Hypersensitivity, Delayed /IM; Immunization, Passive; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Mice, Inbred A; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice; Orthomyxoviruses Type A /IM; T Lymphocytes /CL MTAnimal IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002354 TICytotoxic activity of normal and Herpesvirus saimiri-transformed nonhuman primate cells. ABOwl monkey mononuclear cells were separated from peripheral blood by centrifugation on Ficoll gradients, removal of adherent cells, and subsequent separation on discontinuous Percoll gradients. Lymphocytes recovered from the various fractions were tested for cytotoxic reactivity immediately after isolation. Low-density cells, enriched in large granular lymphocytes (LGL), demonstrated cytotoxic activity against the human natural killer-susceptible cell lines MOLT 4 and K562. In addition, IL-2-independent T-cell lines which had been obtained by immortalization with the primate herpesvirus Herpesvirus saimiri showed cytotoxicity, even after prolonged culture in vitro, similar to that demonstrated by fresh LGL. Cytotoxic activity of these lines was regulated by IL-2 in a fashion which appeared to be independent of the growth-promoting effects of this lymphokine. These results indicate a function for IL-2 beyond its role in supporting cellular proliferation. Cytotoxic activity could also be demonstrated in culture fluids from one of these cell lines (70N2). In addition, these results indicate the usefulness of immortalized cell lines (like 70N2) as a potential source for studies of the biochemical characterization and purification of supernatants containing cytotoxic factors. AUOrtaldo JR; Neubauer RH; Blanca I; Rabin H EM8601 IDN01-CO-75380 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p349-57 MJCell Transformation, Viral; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Herpesvirus Saimiri; Killer Cells, Natural; Lymphocyte Transformation MNAotus trivirgatus; Cell Line; Cell Separation; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Erythroleukemia /IM MTAnimal; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (Fc(gamma); 9006-59-1 (Ovalbumin) IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002356 TIAntigen-antibody complexes bound to B-lymphocyte Fc gamma receptors regulate B-lymphocyte differentiation. ABWe studied the effect of soluble antigen-antibody complexes on the responses of polyclonally activated murine B lymphocytes. For this, normal B lymphocytes were stimulated with rabbit F(ab')2 anti-mu and lymphokines. IgG complexes, particularly in antigen excess, inhibited the plaque-forming cell response (55-70%), while proliferation was unaffected. Maximal inhibition was obtained with small amounts (0.2-1.0 microgram/ml) of complexes. Neither antigen or antibody alone was inhibitory. Inhibition was mediated via binding of the IgG complexes to Fc gamma receptors of B lymphocytes: (1) neither T lymphocytes or adherent accessory cells were required; (2) IgM complexes did not inhibit; and (3) inhibition was not seen when monoclonal anti-Fc gamma receptor antibodies prevented binding of the IgG complexes to these receptors. Kinetic experiments showed that B lymphocytes are susceptible to this inhibitory signal for only a short time after stimulation. We conclude that IgG complexes bound to the Fc gamma receptors of B lymphocytes regulate B-lymphocyte differentiation. AUUher F; Lamers MC; Dickler HB EM8601 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p368-79 MJAntigen-Antibody Complex /PH; B Lymphocytes /IM; Lymphocyte Transformation; Receptors, Fc MNAntigen-Antibody Complex /ME; B Lymphocytes /CY /ME; Binding, Competitive; Cell Differentiation; Hemolytic Plaque Technic; IgG /ME /PH; Interphase; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice; Ovalbumin /IM; Receptors, Fc /PH MTAnimal; Female; Male RNEC 3.5.4 (Nucleoside Deaminases); EC 3.5.4.4 (Adenosine Deaminase) IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002357 TIDifferent functional subsets of cultured murine T cells express characteristic levels of adenosine deaminase activity. ABThe level of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in mouse T-lymphocyte cultures was studied under different growth-supporting conditions and in mixed lymphocyte culture-derived long-term T-cell lines and clones. Early after the initiation of in vitro culture, the levels of ADA (2000 U/mg) were similar in bulk cultures either depleted or not depleted in Lyt-2+ T cells. Enrichment for cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) obtained by addition of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2), was accompanied by a net decrease of ADA activity (110 +/- 15 U/mg). All the tested CTL-A lines derived from such cultures were also characterized by a low or undetectable level of this enzyme (at best 160 +/- 70 U/mg) as previously observed. In contrast, ╥Lyt-2-╙ T-cell bulk cultures grown, without addition of exogenous IL-2, in the presence of gamma-irradiated H-2d stimulators maintained a constant level of ADA activity (1770 +/- 340 U/mg) for at least 3 months. Functionally distinct types of Lyt-2- T-cell lines were also analyzed: T-cell lines competent to activate B lymphocytes to growth and terminal maturation as well as others devoid of detectable functions showed a stable ADA level comparable to that expressed by the original bulk culture 1685 +/- 620 U/mg). The present results demonstrate that, like tumor cell lines, most normal T lymphocytes express a high level of ADA activity in culture, which strongly suggests that the low level of ADA activity exhibited by CTL is a characteristic of this functional subset. AUMinkowski MD; Bandeira A EM8601 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p380-91 MJAdenosine Deaminase; Nucleoside Deaminases; T Lymphocytes /EN MNCell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Helper Cells /EN; Lymphocyte Transformation; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice; Rats; Spleen /CY; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic /EN; T Lymphocytes /CL /CY; Thymus Gland /CY; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002358 TIIFN-gamma-induced production of monocyte cytotoxic factor. ABThe effect of activating human monocytes in vitro with recombinant Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lymphokines on monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and on the production of cytotoxic protein factor(s) (CF), has been investigated. Lymphokines and IFN-gamma enhanced both cytotoxicity and CF production in a dose-dependent manner. A monoclonal antibody against human IFN-gamma abrogated the lymphokine-induced cytotoxic activity and CF production completely, indicating that the actual monocyte-activating factor in the lymphokine supernatant was IFN-gamma. At concentrations of 10(3)-10(4) U/ml, IFN-gamma induced an enhanced release of CF from the monocytes. However, IFN-gamma at concentrations (less than 100 U/ml) present in our lymphokine preparation was not sufficient to induce enhanced CF release. Since IFN-gamma at concentrations less than 100 U/ml activated monocytes for cytotoxicity, CF as an extracellular factor in the supernatant does not appear to be essential for monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. However, using neutralizing antiserum raised against purified CF, indirect immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that IFN-gamma induced a marked accumulation of CF on the monocyte membrane. Taken together, the data shows that IFN-gamma is both necessary and sufficient at concentrations less than 100 U/ml for inducing monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and production of CF as a membrane-associated component, but not as a released factor, suggesting that CF may function as a membrane-associated cytotoxin in monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. AUKildahl-Andersen O; Espevik T; Nissen-Meyer J EM8601 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p392-406 MJCytotoxins /BI; Interferon Type II /PD; Macrophage Activation; Monocytes MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /PH; Binding, Competitive; Cell Line; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Cytotoxins /AN /IM; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Immune Sera /PD; Interferon Type II /IM; Lymphokines /PD; Monocytes /ME MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN3426-74-2 (phenyltrimethylammonium) IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002359 TIA primary in vitro antibody assay for antigen-specific T-suppressor factor: cross-suppression of TNP-specific antibody responses by TMA-specific TsF1. ABWe have previously shown that phenyltrimethylammonium (TMA)-specific, first-order suppressor T cells (Ts1) and soluble factors extracted from these cells (TsF1) can suppress delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses. The TsF1, as monitored in the DTH system, was characterized and found to be a single-chain, antigen-binding, I-J+, and Id+ molecule. To monitor TsF1 in an efficient manner, an in vitro antibody system was developed. The studies show that in vitro stimulation of naive A/J spleen cells with the thymic-independent antigen, Brucella abortus, to which TMA and trinitrophenol (TNP) or fluorescein (FL) are coupled (TMA-BA-TNP or TMA-BA-FL), induces significant numbers of anti-TNP or anti-FL plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses. The addition of TMA-specific TsF1 results in the cross-suppression of 30-50% of the total anti-TNP and FL PFC responses. This activity is antigen (TMA) dependent since suppression occurs only when the TMA ligand is present in the culture media. Analysis of the TNP-specific PFC responses in nonsuppressed cultures revealed that 20-35% of the PFC bear the cross-reactive idiotype(s) (CRI) normally associated with anti-TMA antibodies. In cultures containing TMA-TsF1, CRI+PFC are suppressed by 90-100% while the CRI-PFC are suppressed only by 10-30%. Our studies further show that an induction-phase, antigen-binding, CRI+, and I-J+ single-chain factor is responsible for the observed in vitro suppression. The possibility of utilizing this assay to monitor a variety of antigen-specific suppressor factors is discussed. AUJendrisak GS; Jayaraman S; Bellone CJ EM8601 IDAI-13115 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p407-19 MJAmmonium Compounds; Antigenic Determinants; Hemolytic Plaque Technic; Nitrobenzenes; Suppressor Factors, Immunologic /PD; Trinitrobenzenes MNAntibody Formation; Binding Sites; Brucella Abortus /IM; Chemistry, Physical; Cross Reactions; Haptens /IM; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes /IM; Immunosorbent Technics; Mice, Inbred A; Mice; Suppressor Factors, Immunologic /AN /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (histocompatibility antigen H-2D(b) IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002360 TIH-2 class I mutants utilize novel restriction specificities in the trinitrophenyl-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response. ABIn antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses H-2 class I mutations usually result in a decreased recognition of the antigen in association with the mutant molecule by CTL from the strain of origin. However, the influence of class I mutations on the magnitude and specificity of CTL responses in the mutants has been studied in only a few instances, in which usually a partial or complete loss of responsiveness was found. We now report that class I mutants extensively use gained (novel) CTL restriction sites, generated by the mutations in the CTL response against the hapten trinitrophenyl (TNP), demonstrated both at the population level and in limiting dilution. TNP-specific CTL clones, restricted by mutant-specific determinants, were detected in all mutants. The percentages mutant-specific CTL clones in limiting dilution experiments were 43, 40, 35, and 13 in the Kb mutants bm1, bm8, bm3 and bm5, respectively, and 35 in the Db mutant bm 14. It is concluded that H-2 class I mutations led to changes in the TNP-specific CTL repertoire resulting in gain of CTLs uniquely restricted to the mutant molecule. AUBoog CJ; de Waal LP; Timmers HT; Boes J; Melief CJ EM8601 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p420-7 MJAntigenic Determinants; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; H-2 Antigens; Nitrobenzenes; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Trinitrobenzenes MNBinding, Competitive; Clone Cells /IM; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; H-2 Antigens /IM; Haptens /IM; Kinetics; Leukocyte Count; Mice, Mutant Strains; Mice; Stem Cells /IM MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (TNP-ficoll); 25702-74-3 (Ficoll) IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002361 TIImmune memory expression to Tnp-Ficoll in CB.20 mice: evidence for a multigenic control. ABTrinitrophenyl (Tnp)-Ficoll, a class 2 thymus-independent (TI) antigen, generates in most mouse strains Tnp-specific B-memory cells which can be detected in situ 1 week after priming by a heterologous stimulation with Tnp-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but not by a homologous Tnp-Ficoll challenge. We have investigated the secondary responses raised in CB.20 congenic mice by a homologous challenge in situ occurring at various time intervals after priming. We report that a memory-type response is obtained, culminating when the challenge is performed at 4 weeks; this finding assesses definitely the ability of TI-2 antigens to produce immunological memory under standard conditions. However, the same immunization procedure elicits no memory-type response in the majority of other mouse strains, suggesting a possible genetic control of the expression of memory to class 2 TI antigens. The utilization of F1 hybrids between C57BL/6 and BALB/c and of appropriate congenic strains shows indeed that this memory expression is under multigenic control: Igh-V or closely linked genes are clearly involved but a complementation with other gene(s), located outside the H-2 complex, is required for a memory-type response to Tnp-Ficoll. We have also analyzed the secondary heterologous response to Tnp-LPS in CB.20 mice at different times after Tnp-Ficoll priming. The difference in the kinetic profile of the heterologous (TI-2----TI-1) versus homologous (TI-2----TI-2) secondary responses is discussed in terms of B-memory-cell ontogeny and humoral regulation. AULe Moal MA; Truffa-Bachi P EM8601 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p428-36 MJAntigens, T-Independent /GE; Ficoll /IM; Genes, Structural; Immunologic Memory; Nitrobenzenes; Polysaccharides; Trinitrobenzenes /IM MNAntigens, T-Independent /AD /IM; B Lymphocytes /IM; Ficoll /AA /AD; Genetic Complementation Test; Immunization, Secondary; Immunoglobulin Variable Region /GE; Immunoglobulins, Heavy Chain /GE; Mice, Inbred AKR; Mice, Inbred A; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice; Species Specificity; Trinitrobenzenes /AD MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (MER); 12379-41-8 (dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid); 70-34-8 (Dinitrofluorobenzene) IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002363 TIEffect of methanol extraction residue tubercle bacillus fraction treatment in vivo and in vitro on the release and activity of suppressor factor inhibiting the efferent phase of contact sensitivity in mice. ABBALB/c mice subjected to injection of dinitrobenzenesulfonate (DNBSO3) and skin painting with dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) produce splenic T-suppressor (Ts) cells that, when transferred to DNFB-sensitized recipients, suppress the efferent (eff) phase of contact sensitivity (CS). Splenocyte populations containing such Ts-eff cells release a specific soluble suppressor factor (SSF) in vitro that similarly suppresses CS in sensitized recipient mice. Treatment with the methanol extraction residue (MER) tubercle bacillus fraction, a known immunomodulating agent, of animals exposed to DNBSO3 and DNFB (╥DNBSO3-DNFB╙ donors) prevented release of SSF by their spleen cells at in vitro incubation. Incubation of DNBSO3-DNFB donor splenocytes with MER in vitro also abolished SSF release, and treatment with MER of test animals prior to DNFB sensitization prevented the suppressive action of subsequently administered SSF. The observations are discussed with regard to the potentiating capacities of MER on cellular immunity and states of resistance. AUZimber C; Ben-Efraim S; Weiss DW EM8601 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p443-9 MJAdjuvants, Immunologic; BCG Vaccine; Dermatitis, Contact; Mycobacterium Tuberculosis; Suppressor Factors, Immunologic /ME MNAdjuvants, Immunologic /PD; BCG Vaccine /PD; Benzenesulfonates /AD; Dinitrofluorobenzene /AD; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Spleen /CY; Suppressor Factors, Immunologic /AD /PH MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0008-8749 LAEnglish JCCQ9 SBM; X UI86002364 TICalcium in lymphotoxin-mediated cytolysis: cellular pools, fluxes, and role of extracellular concentration. ABThis study explores, by kinetic analysis, the movement of calcium among cellular pools of target cells in which cytotoxicity is induced by human lymphotoxin, and evaluates the requirement for calcium in this reaction. We employed the kinetic model of Borle to quantitate flux rates and pool sizes. It was found that the rate of flux between the surface (plasma membrane-glycocalyx) compartment and the intracellular compartment was greatly increased. The size of the total exchangeable intracellular calcium pool was not altered, but there was an apparent decrease in the size of the surface calcium pool. This latter phenomenon may be related to the blebbing and exfoliation of plasma membranes under the influence of the lymphokine. Lymphotoxin-induced cytotoxicity is observed in calcium-free medium and over a range of calcium concentrations. These results argue against cell death due to a massive in rush of calcium into the cell under these circumstances. AURosenau W; Oie S; Burke GC EM8601 SOCell Immunol (United States), Oct 15 1985, 95(2) p450-7 MJCalcium; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Extracellular Space; Lymphocytes; Lymphotoxins MNBuffers; Calcium /PD; Kinetics; L Cells /ME; Mice; Models, Biological MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (link proteins); 7732-18-5 (Water); 9004-61-9 (Hyaluronic Acid); 9056-36-4 (Keratan Sulfate) IS0309-1651 LAEnglish JCCRC SBM UI86002365 TIThe structure and synthesis of proteoglycans of articular cartilage. ABThe major proteoglycan of articular cartilage is a protein-polysaccharide of great complexity. The structure of this macromolecule is described in this article and is correlated to the function of proteoglycans within the extracellular matrix of cartilage. Chondrocytes, which comprise the cell population of cartilage, are responsible for the synthesis of proteoglycans. A description of the synthesis of proteoglycans reflects the complex nature of these macromolecules and involves a number of sites within various organelles of the chondrocyte. The pathway of proteoglycan synthesis is discussed in addition to the intracellular and extracellular events involved in the regulation of their biosynthesis. AUHandley CJ; Lowther DA; McQuillan DJ EM8601 SOCell Biol Int Rep (England), Sep 1985, 9(9) p753-82 MJCartilage, Articular /ME; Extracellular Matrix; Proteoglycans MNBiological Transport; Carbohydrate Sequence; Cartilage, Articular /CY; Chondroitin Sulfates /PH; Cytoplasm /ME; Glycosaminoglycans; Growth Substances /PH; Hormones /PH; Hyaluronic Acid /PH; Keratan Sulfate /PH; Macromolecular Systems; Oligosaccharides; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Proteins /ME; Stress, Mechanical; Sulfates; Water MTHuman RN302-79-4 (Tretinoin); 36-88-4 (Carotene); 55-18-5 (Diethylnitrosamine); 57-97-6 (9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-Benzanthracene); 65646-68-6 (N-(4-hydroxyphenyl); 684-93-5 (Methylnitrosourea); 7235-40-7 (beta-carotene) IS0309-1651 LAEnglish JCCRC SBM UI86002366 TIbeta-Carotene reduces sister chromatid exchanges induced by chemical carcinogens in mouse mammary cells in organ culture. ABPresent studies in the mammary epithelial cell transformation model in organ culture showed that presence of beta-carotene during the 24 hr treatment (initiation stage) of the glands with the carcinogens, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA) and N-methylnitrosourea (MNU), caused a highly significant (P less than 0.001-0.01) reduction of SCE induced by the same carcinogens. In contrast, 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide (4-HPR) which is known to act at the promotional stage of carcinogenesis did not show any significant reduction of SCE. Thus findings suggest that beta-carotene can modify the DNA damaging effect of the carcinogens and thereby may also prevent the initiation of the carcinogenic process. AUManoharan K; Banerjee MR EM8601 IDCA11058; CA25304 SOCell Biol Int Rep (England), Sep 1985, 9(9) p783-9 MJCarcinogens; Carotene; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Mammae; Sister Chromatid Exchange MN9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-Benzanthracene /AI; Diethylnitrosamine /AI; Methylnitrosourea /AI; Mice; Organ Culture; Retinoids /PD; Tretinoin /AA /PD MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 7440-22-4 (Silver); 9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) IS0309-1651 LAEnglish JCCRC SBM UI86002367 TIHormone-modulated rRNA gene activity is visualized by selective staining of the NOs. ABThe role of Growth Hormone and Dexamethasone in the regulation of rRNA gene activity was evaluated on cultured human fibroblasts by the cyto-chemical method of selective silver staining. By this method the transcriptionally active r-gene clusters can be specifically visualized in individual cells. Statistically significant increases in the rate of rRNA transcriptional activity were demonstrated after hormone administration. AUde Capoa A; Baldini A; Marlekaj P; Natoli C; Rocchi M; Archidiacono N; Cianfarani S; Spadoni GL; Boscherini B EM8601 SOCell Biol Int Rep (England), Sep 1985, 9(9) p791-6 MJDNA, Ribosomal; Dexamethasone; Nucleolus Organizer Region; RNA, Ribosomal; Somatotropin MNAdult; Cells, Cultured; Embryo /CY; Fibroblasts; Gene Expression Regulation /DE; Nucleolus Organizer Region /UL; Silver /DU; Stains and Staining MTFemale; Human RNEC 1.13.12.- (Luciferase); 7440-57-5 (Gold) IS0309-1651 LAEnglish JCCRC SBM UI86002368 TIImmunogold labeling of organelles in the bioluminescent dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra with anti-luciferase antibody. ABA polyclonal antibody directed against the luciferase of the luminous dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra labels both dense vesicles and trichocyst sheaths, as visualized in the electron microscope after treatment of antibody-reacted sections with an immunogold probe. Because of their similar size, shape and localization, the dense vesicles seen with the electron microscope are postulated to correspond to autofluorescent particles seen with the fluorescent microscope, which are known to be the origin of bioluminescent flashes in this alga. The explanation for the trichocyst sheath-specific labeling is less evident. The possibility that a second antibody of different specificity is involved has not been excluded but seems unlikely. Alternatively, it could be due to a different but antigenically cross-reacting protein. But the possibility that luciferase itself occurs in two different organelles is intriguing and consistent with previous biochemical studies of cell extracts. AUNicolas MT; Johnson CH; Bassot JM; Hastings JW EM8601 IDGM 08288 SOCell Biol Int Rep (England), Sep 1985, 9(9) p797-802 MJDinoflagellida; Luciferase /ME MNCytoplasmic Granules /EN; Dinoflagellida /UL; Gold /DU; Immunologic Technics; Luciferase /IM; Luminescence; Organoids /EN MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN56-12-2 (GABA) IS0309-1651 LAEnglish JCCRC SBM UI86002369 TISynaptic inhibition and cell communication; impairment of cell-to-cell coupling produced by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the somatic musculature of Ascaris lumbricoides. ABThe influence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (10(-5) M) on the electrical coupling of giant somatic muscle cells of Ascaris lumbricoides was investigated. GABA enhanced the resting potential of the cells and abolished the spike activity. The coupling coefficient (V2/V1) was reduced by 58.8% while the input resistance (Rin) was decreased by 38.8%. The decline in Rin was not related to unlinearity of the current-voltage relation. As the time constant of cell membrane was reduced by 28.4% by the addition of GABA the effect of the neurotransmitter on cell-to-cell coupling seems to be mainly related to a decrease in resistance of the non-junctional membrane due to an increase in chloride conductance. AUDe Mello WC; Maldonado H EM8601 ID2 S06 RR08102-13; HL 30614 SOCell Biol Int Rep (England), Sep 1985, 9(9) p803-13 MJAscaris /PH; GABA; Synapses MNAction Potentials; Ascaris /AH; Cell Communication; Electric Conductivity /DE; Muscles /IR; Neural Inhibition MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-89-5 (Thymidine); 9004-61-9 (Hyaluronic Acid); 9007-49-2 (DNA); 9050-30-0 (Heparitin Sulfate) IS0309-1651 LAEnglish JCCRC SBM UI86002370 TIActions of exogenous heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid on growth and thymidine incorporation of normal and transformed human fibroblasts. A comparison with the effects of high cell density and low serum concentration and a warning against thymidine incorporation as a measure of DNA synthesis. ABTreatment of normal human (WI-38) cells with exogenous heparan sulfate (HS) reduced cell growth and incorporation of radio-isotope-labeled thymidine (TdR) into DNA. In spite that growth of their transformants (WI-38 CT-1) was enhanced by HS treatment, transformed cells also decreased in TdR incorporation thereby. This peculiar observation was explained by a reduction of TdR uptake, leading to a decrease in specific radioactivity of newly synthesized DNA. The changes in cell growth and TdR incorporation by HS treatment were revealed to be similar to the changes with increasing cell density rather than by serum starvation. AUMatuoka K; Mitsui Y; Murota S; Namba M EM8601 SOCell Biol Int Rep (England), Sep 1985, 9(9) p815-24 MJCell Transformation, Neoplastic; DNA; Heparitin Sulfate; Hyaluronic Acid; Mucopolysaccharides MNBiological Transport /DE; Cell Division /DE; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic /PA; Cells, Cultured; Contact Inhibition; Fibroblasts /CY /ME; Thymidine /ME MTHuman RN2321-07-5 (fluorescein) IS0309-1651 LAEnglish JCCRC SBM UI86002371 TICell-to-cell electrical coupling in seminiferous cords of mouse fetal testis. ABExperiments performed on mouse fetal testes in vitro using electrophysiological techniques and intracellular injections of the fluorescent tracer disodium fluorescein showed that junctional transfer occurs between cells inside the seminiferous cords. This suggests a possible metabolic cooperation between testis cells at an early stage of gonad development. AUDe Felici M; Eusebi F; Fratamico G EM8601 SOCell Biol Int Rep (England), Sep 1985, 9(9) p825-32 MJCell Communication; Electrophysiology; Testis /EM MNElectric Conductivity; Fluoresceins /DU; Intercellular Junctions /PH; Membrane Potentials; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Testis /CY /PH MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate) IS0309-1651 LAEnglish JCCRC SBM UI86002372 TIGrowth of human bone marrow in vitro. ABAttempts were made to establish human bone marrow (HBM) culture. Cell proliferation was triggered by medium conditioned by acute myelocytic leukemic (AML) cells exposed to 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). A 6-15 fold multiplication of myelomonocytic cells was obtained in tissue culture from HBM cells. Proliferation of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (CFC-GM) occurred up to 30-fold. The morphology of the cells and cytochemical markers were investigated at all stages of the culture. AUSvet-Moldavsky I; Gulati SC; Clarkson B EM8601 SOCell Biol Int Rep (England), Sep 1985, 9(9) p833-40 MJBone Marrow; Colony-Stimulating Factor; Leukemia, Myeloblastic; Phorbols; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate MNCell Division /DE; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Hematopoiesis /DE; Leukemia, Myeloblastic /PP; Macrophages /CY; Monocytes /CY MTHuman RNEC 3.6.1.- (Dynein); EC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase) IS0309-1651 LAEnglish JCCRC SBM UI86002373 TIWidespread absence of outer dynein arms in the spermatozoids of lower plants. ABTransverse sections of flagellar axonemes from a variety of lower plant spermatozoids were examined by electron microscopy. Motile sperm of four ferns (Marsilea, Pteridium, Lygodium and Aneimia), a horsetail (Equisetum) and a liverwort (Marchantia) were fixed in the presence of tannic acid to visualise the dynein arms. In all cases the inner dynein arms were clearly resolved but the outer arms were absent. Absence of outer arms therefore appears to be a common feature of the archegoniate plants. The implications of these findings to our understanding of the evolution of the land plants and the role of the dynein arms in flagellar beating is discussed. AUHyams JS; Campbell CJ EM8601 SOCell Biol Int Rep (England), Sep 1985, 9(9) p841-8 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase; Dynein; Flagella; Microtubules; Plants MNChlamydomonas /UL; Evolution; Microscopy, Electron; Sperm Motility MTComparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN24365-47-7 (leupeptin); 33069-62-4 (taxol); 39324-30-6 (pepstatin) IS0309-1651 LAEnglish JCCRC SBM UI86002374 TIInhibition of plant cell proteolytic activities that degrade tubulin. ABThe requirement for proteinase inhibitors during the chromatographic isolation of tubulin from cultured cells of rose (Rosa sp. cv. Paul's scarlet) was examined by NadodecylSO4-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electron microscopy and immunoblotting. Tubulin fractions isolated in the absence of proteinase inhibitors showed substoichiometric ratios of alpha-subunit to beta-subunit, and low molecular weight polypeptides, one (approximately 32 Kd) of which coassembled with polymers. Electron microscopy revealed polymorphic structures, including C- and S-shaped ribbons and free protofilaments. Immunoblotting experiments with IgGs to the individual alpha- and beta-subunits showed that some of the low molecular weight polypeptides were fragments of proteolytically degraded subunits. The use of low micromolar concentrations of the synthetic proteinase inhibitors leupeptin hemisulfate and pepstatin A protected tubulin from endogenous proteolytic activities during the isolation procedure and resulted in increased tubulin purity. AUMorejohn LC; Bureau TE; Fosket DE EM8601 SOCell Biol Int Rep (England), Sep 1985, 9(9) p849-57 MJPlants; Protease Inhibitors; Tubulin MNAlkaloids /PD; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Immunosorbent Technics; Leupeptins /PD; Molecular Weight; Pepstatins /PD MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN7732-18-5 (Water) IS0309-1651 LAEnglish JCCRC SBM UI86002375 TIDoes freeze-substitution reveal the hydrophobic nature of interprotofilament bonding in microtubules? ABThe massive system of microtubules in the ovarioles of Notonecta glauca has been prepared for electron microscopy by means of freeze-substitution. With this technique the protofilaments comprising the microtubule walls can be observed in positive image, indicating that the procedure provides a valuable method for observing microtubule substructure. Surprisingly though, the cryoprotectants, which are an integral part of the method, caused a rearrangement of the microtubules from their usual pattern in the ovarioles. These observations, we believe, provide an insight into intra- and intermicrotubule interactions respectively. AUIndi S; Wakley G; Stebbings H EM8601 SOCell Biol Int Rep (England), Sep 1985, 9(9) p859-65 MJMicroscopy, Electron; Microtubules MNChemistry, Physical; Freezing; Insects /UL; Ovary /UL; Water MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.- (Plasminogen Activator, Tissue-Type); EC 3.4.21.31 (Urokinase) IS0386-7196 LAEnglish JCCSF SBM UI86002376 TIA monoclonal antibody against human urokinase: the epitope structure and sequence homology with a human tissue-type plasminogen activator. ABOur previous study showed that an epitope defined by a monoclonal antibody against human urokinase is located on the 33-Kdalton catalytic domain of the enzyme (Nakamura, M. et al., Cell Struct Funct., 9, 167-179, 1984). The epitope structure was further determined and characterized on one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel maps of CNBr-cleaved polypeptide fragments as well as on their Western blots. A single homogeneous polypeptide with an approximate molecular weight of 3.4-Kdaltons was found to be antigenic. The monoclonal antibody exhibited a stronger inhibition of the enzyme activity than the polyclonal antibodies tested, and cross-reacted with a 65-Kdalton tissue-type plasminogen activator present in Detroit 562 cells. From these results and data made up with the help of a computer comparison of known sequences of urokinase and a tissue-type plasminogen activator, we concluded that the epitope is Cys-Gln-Gly-Asp-Ser-Gly-Gly-Pro-Leu-Val-Cys and contains a catalytically active residue, serine. AUTakahashi K; Naora H EM8601 SOCell Struct Funct (Japan), Sep 1985, 10(3) p195-208 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Antigenic Determinants; Plasminogen Activator, Tissue-Type; Urokinase MNAmino Acid Sequence; Cell Line; Cross Reactions; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Molecular Weight; Peptide Fragments /AN MTComparative Study; Human RNEC 3.4.21.- (Plasminogen Activator, Tissue-Type); EC 3.4.21.31 (Urokinase); 9001-26-7 (Prothrombin); 9001-91-6 (Plasminogen) IS0386-7196 LAEnglish JCCSF SBM UI86002377 TIHomology of kringle structures in urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activator: the phylogeny with the related serine proteases. ABTwelve amino acid sequences of kringle-forming polypeptides were compiled from the known sequences of urokinase A-chain (human), a tissue-type plasminogen activator (human), prothrombin (human and bovine), and plasminogen (human). Their sequence homologies with maximum match were examined by a computer program. A homology alignment and graphic matrix analyses did show that they had a great degree of homology. All the cysteine residues responsible for the kringle structures of urokinase and the tissue-type plasminogen activator were confidently preserved as well as other proteins. A phylogenetic tree was then reconstructed, and the A- and S-chain of bovine and human prothrombins were accounted for the measurement of the evolutionary time span. It was found that urokinase had a larger time span, as much as 60 million years (MY), than the tissue-type plasminogen activator. A common ancestral element of the kringle-related serine proteases was placed at around 500 MY ago, as old as the diversion of the alpha- and beta-chains of hemoglobin. Thus, the kringle-families have undergone a substantial evolutionary divergence. Moreover, they can be subgrouped into three subfamilies: plasminogen activators, plasminogen, and prothrombin A-chains, the last being the most distantly diverged prothrombin S-chains. AUTakahashi K; Gojobori T; Naora H EM8601 SOCell Struct Funct (Japan), Sep 1985, 10(3) p209-18 MJPhylogeny; Plasminogen Activator, Tissue-Type; Urokinase MNAmino Acid Sequence; Cattle; Plasminogen; Prothrombin MTAnimal; Human RN22144-77-0 (cytochalasin D); 865-21-4 (Vinblastine) IS0386-7196 LAEnglish JCCSF SBM UI86002379 TIOrganelle motility in rat pituitary clonal cells. I. Dynamic movements of intracellular organelles. ABIntracellular organelle motion within clonal pituitary tumor cells (GH3) was observed directly with a contrast enhancement, computer-video microscope system. All particles except nuclei moved in a complex fashion. Two types of particles predominated; one large and round, the other small and elongated. We classified the movements of these particles as saltation, oscillation and slow translocation. Saltation was directional movement with velocity of the order of 1 micron/sec. Oscillation was local motion occurring within 1 micron that showed no specific direction. Its velocity was similar to that of saltation. Large particles, in particular, showed the 3rd type of movement, slow translocation. The velocity appeared to be one order slower than that of saltation. We also examined the cells with fluorescent, dark-field and electron microscopies. We concluded that the large round particles were lysosomes and the small elongated ones mitochondria. The microtubule depolymerizer, vinblastine and the microfilament depolymerizer, cytochalasin D, completely inhibited all the types of organelle movement. The mechanism and significance of these organelle movements are discussed. AUGotoh H; Takenaka T; Horie H; Hiramoto Y EM8601 SOCell Struct Funct (Japan), Sep 1985, 10(3) p233-43 MJCytoplasmic Streaming; Organoids; Pituitary Gland MNClone Cells /PH; Cytochalasins /PD; Cytoplasmic Streaming /DE; Cytoplasm /PH; Intermediate Filaments /PH; Microtubules /PH; Organoids /DE; Rats; Vinblastine /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN65595-90-6 (W-7); 9004-70-0 (Collodion) IS0386-7196 LAEnglish JCCSF SBM UI86002381 TIPhosphorylation of nonhistone proteins during premature chromosome condensation in a temperature-sensitive mutant, tsBN2. ABIn tsBN2 cells, a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of the BHK21 cell line, with a ts-defect in its regulatory system for chromosome condensation, antigens that react with mitotic specific mouse monoclonal antibody MPM-2 were produced when premature chromosome condensation (PCC) was induced by a temperature shift. The polypeptides of antigens recognized by MPM-2 in tsBN2 cells with PCC were identical to those of antigens in mitotic cells. These antigens appeared concomitantly with chromosome condensation, which suggests that these mitotic-specific antigens may be related to chromosome condensation. As the production of mitotic-specific antigens was inhibited by W-7, a specific and potent antagonist of calmodulin, calmodulin may function in the mitotic phosphorylation of nonhistone protein. AUYamashita K; Davis FM; Rao PN; Sekiguchi M; Nishimoto T EM8601 SOCell Struct Funct (Japan), Sep 1985, 10(3) p259-70 MJChromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone /ME; Chromosomes, Human; Interphase; Temperature MNAntibodies, Monoclonal; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens /BI /IM; Cell Line; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone /IM; Collodion; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Hamsters; Mice; Mitosis /DE; Mutation; Paper; Phosphorylation; Sulfonamides /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (viral G protein); 17090-79-8 (Monensin) IS0386-7196 LAEnglish JCCSF SBM UI86002383 TIEffect of monensin on the synthesis, maturation and secretion of vesicular stomatitis virus proteins in a monensin-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell line. ABWe compared the effects of the cationic ionophore, monensin, on the synthesis, maturation and release of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in cultures of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and the monensin-resistant clone, MonR-31. Our results depended on the dose and time of the addition of monensin to the infected cells, from 1 h prior to VSV infection to 1 h after infection. VSV production was more resistant in MonR-31 than in CHO cells when the ionophore was added 1 h prior to VSV infection. Monensin added 1 h after VSV infection showed the opposite phenomenon; release of virus particles into the medium was 10- to 10(5)-fold less in MonR-31 cells than in CHO cells, and the intracellular virus number in the resistant cells was one-third to one-fourth of that in the parental CHO cells. Syntheses of all virus-associated G, N and M proteins were inhibited in both cell lines by monensin, but especially so in the MonR-31 cells. There were no marked qualitative changes in the biochemical properties of viral glycoprotein G in virus-infected CHO and MonR-31 cells treated with monensin after virus infection. An endoglycosidase H-resistant G with a molecular weight smaller than that of normal G and attachments of palmitate or fucose on the truncated G protein appeared. Alteration of the secretion of as well as the synthesis of the enveloped virus is discussed in relation to the monensin susceptibility of the resistant MonR-31 clone. AUOno M; Mannen K; Shimada T; Kuwano M; Mifune K EM8601 SOCell Struct Funct (Japan), Sep 1985, 10(3) p279-94 MJFurans; Monensin; Ovary; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Vesicular Stomatitis Virus /ME; Viral Proteins MNCell Line; Cricetulus; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Hamsters; Ovary /ME /MI; RNA, Viral /BI; Vesicular Stomatitis Virus /DE /GD; Viral Proteins /ME /SE MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); 7440-57-5 (Gold) IS0386-7196 LAEnglish JCCSF SBM UI86002385 TIUltrastructural localization of actin in nuclear matrices from mouse leukemia L5178Y cells. ABWe examined the distribution of actin in isolated nuclear matrices from mouse leukemia L5178Y cells using an anti-actin antibody and protein A-conjugated colloidal gold particles. Before immunogold staining, we partially digested the surface lamina of the nuclear matrix with trypsin (Nakayasu and Ueda, Exp. Cell Res. 143, 55-62, 1983) to allow penetration of the gold particles into the nuclear matrix. Trypsin digestion slightly modified the internal structure of the nuclear matrix, but did not affect the actin content in the nuclear matrix nor the reactivity of actin with the antibody. Many colloidal gold particles were present along fibrogranular structures in the nuclear matrix. The results reported here confirm the existence of actin in the interior of the nuclear matrices of L5178Y cells. AUNakayasu H; Ueda K EM8601 SOCell Struct Funct (Japan), Sep 1985, 10(3) p305-9 MJActins; Cell Nucleus; Leukemia L5178; Leukemia, Experimental MNCell Line; Cell Nucleus /UL; Cytoplasm /AN /UL; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Gold; Mice; Stains and Staining; Trypsin MTAnimal IS0374-6852 LASlovak JCCTX UI86002386 TI[How shall we further improve the care of women with gynecologic malignancies?] AUManka I TT[Ako dalej zlepsit' starostlivost' o zeny s gynekologickymi malignymi ochoreniami.] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p449-51 MJGenital Neoplasms, Female MNCzechoslovakia; Quality of Health Care MTFemale; Human IS0374-6852 LACzech JCCTX UI86002387 TI[Delivery after intrauterine embryo transfer obtained by fertilization and oocyte culture in vitro] AUPilka L; Travnik P ; Dvorak M ; Tesarik J ; Ventruba P; Krejci K ; Soska J TT[Porod po nitrodeloznim prenosu embryi ziskanyych fertilizaci a kultivaci oocytu in vitro.] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p452-9 MJEmbryo Transfer; Fertilization in Vitro MNInfant, Newborn; Pregnancy MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0374-6852 LACzech JCCTX UI86002388 TI[Laparoscopic diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis in sterile women] AUVentruba P; Pilka L; Cupr Z; Soska J ; Krejci K TT[Laparoskopicka diagnostika panevni endometriozy u sterilnich zen.] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p460-6 MJEndometriosis /DI; Infertility, Female; Pelvic Neoplasms /DI; Peritoneoscopy MNAdult; Endometriosis /CO; Pelvic Neoplasms /CO MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human RN13392-18-2 (Fenoterol) IS0374-6852 LACzech JCCTX UI86002389 TI[The effect of long-term tocolytic therapy on the cardiovascular system in pregnant women] AUKolblova V ; Hradec J; Kolbel F ; Skrovanek J ; Petrasek J TT[Vliv dlouhodobe tokolyticke lecby na kardiovaskularni system tehotne.] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p467-71 MJFenoterol; Hemodynamics; Labor, Premature; Myocardial Contraction MNEchocardiography; Pregnancy MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human IS0374-6852 LACzech JCCTX UI86002390 TI[SP1 serum levels during cholestatic hepatosis and chronic hepatitis] AUFuchs V; Fialova L ; Malbohan I TT[Serove hladiny SP1 v prubehu onemocneni cholestatickou hepatozou a chronickou hepatitidou.] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p472-8 MJCholestasis; Hepatitis; Liver Diseases; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Proteins; Pregnancy-Specific Beta 1-Glycoprotein MNCholestasis /CO; Chronic Disease; Liver Diseases /ET; Pregnancy MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human IS0374-6852 LACzech JCCTX UI86002391 TI[Is episiotomy still important?] AUKahanek J ; Fajfrova I ; Koudelkova M ; Prajova A ; St'astny J TT[Ma episiotomie stale svuj vyznam?] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p479-83 MJEpisiotomy MNEpisiotomy /AE; Follow-Up Studies; Pregnancy; Wound Healing MTFemale; Human IS0374-6852 LACzech JCCTX UI86002392 TI[The significance of uroflowmetry in evaluating urination disorders in women] AUZmrhal J; Kawaciuk I; Jezek K TT[Vyznam uroflowmetrie v hodnoceni mikcnich poruch u zen.] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p483-8 MJUrinary Incontinence; Urination; Urodynamics MNFlowmeters; Middle Age MTFemale; Human IS0374-6852 LACzech JCCTX UI86002393 TI[Acupuncture in the treatment of female incontinence] AUKost'al M ; Hrubecky I TT[Akupunktura v lecbe zenske inkontinence.] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p488-90 MJAcupuncture; Urinary Incontinence MNAdult; Middle Age MTFemale; Human IS0374-6852 LACzech JCCTX UI86002394 TI[Actinomycoses of the female genitalia in connection with IUD insertion] AUKresnicka J ; Linha L; Neubauer L TT[Antinomykoza zenskych rodidel v souvislosti se zavedenim IUD.] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p490-2 MJActinomycosis; Genital Diseases, Female; Intrauterine Devices MNAdult MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0374-6852 LACzech JCCTX UI86002395 TI[Chronic and recurrent vaginal mycoses and the immune system] AUPresl J TT[Chronicka a recidivujici vaginalni mykoza a imunitni system.] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p493-5 MJCandidiasis, Vulvovaginal /IM MNCandidiasis, Vulvovaginal /DI /TH; Chronic Disease; Recurrence MTFemale; Human IS0374-6852 LACzech JCCTX UI86002396 TI[The effect of alcohol on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian axis] AUCepicky P ; Ferenc R TT[Vliv alkoholu na hypotalamo-hypofyzo-ovarialni osu.] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p496-7 MJAlcoholic Intoxication; Alcoholism; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Ovary MNMice; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Human IS0374-6852 LACzech JCCTX UI86002397 TI[Results and perspectives in therapeutic embryo transfer] AUPresl J TT[Vysledky a perspektivy lecebneho transferu embrya.] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p498-9 MJEmbryo Transfer; Fertilization in Vitro MNPregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0374-6852 LACzech JCCTX UI86002398 TI[The first embryo transfer, pregnancy and childbirth in a woman with premature menopause] AUPresl J TT[Prvni transfer embrya, tehotenstvi a porod u zeny s predcasnou menopauzou.] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p500-1 MJEmbryo Transfer; Fertilization in Vitro; Menopause, Premature; Menopause MNAdult; Macaca; Pregnancy MTAnimal; Female; Human IS0374-6852 LACzech JCCTX UI86002399 TI[The views of the author of the feedback theory of pain on labor pain and labor psychoprophylaxis] AUCepicky P ; Novakova V TT[Nazory autora vratkove teorie bolesti na porodni bolest a porodnickou psychoprofylaxi.] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p501-3 MJFeedback; Labor; Natural Childbirth; Pain /PC MNPain /ET /PH /PX; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0374-6852 LACzech JCCTX UI86002400 TI[What should the physician's role be in regulating fertility and sex behavior (a contribution for discussion)] AUCernoch A TT[Jaky ma byt postoj lekare k regulaci porodnosti a sexualnimu zivotu (diskusni prispevek).] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p504-5 MJContraception; Physician's Role; Role; Sex Education MNPregnancy MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (SolcoTrichovac) IS0374-6852 LASlovak JCCTX UI86002401 TI[SolcoTrichovac--a new trend in the immunotherapy of urogenital trichomoniasis?] AUDemes P ; Gombosova A ; Valent M TT[SolcoTrichovac--novy smer v imunoterapii urogenitalnej trichomonozy?] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p505-9 MJBacterial Vaccines; Trichomonas Vaginitis MTFemale; Human IS0374-6852 LACzech JCCTX UI86002402 TI[Czechoslovak gynecologic-obstetrical literature published in 1981 in other than Ceskoslovenska Gynekologie] AURauscher V; Presl J TT[Ceskoslovenska literatura gynekologicko-porodnicka v roce 1981, publikovana mimo casopis Ceskoslovenska gynekologie.] EM8601 SOCesk Gynekol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 50(7) p509-33 MJBibliography; Genital Diseases, Female; Gynecology; Obstetrics; Pregnancy Complications MNCzechoslovakia; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0009-0557 LACzech JCCT7 UI86002403 TI[Physiology of the renal interstitium] AUHeller J TT[Fyziologie renalniho intersticia.] EM8601 SOCesk Fysiol (Czechoslovakia), 1985, 34(4) p289-316 MJExtracellular Space; Kidney /PH MNBiological Transport; Capillaries /PH; Hydrostatic Pressure; Kidney Cortex /PH; Kidney Medulla /PH; Kidney Tubules /PH; Kidney /BS; Lymph /PH; Osmotic Pressure MCReview MTAnimal; Human IS0009-0557 LACzech JCCT7 UI86002404 TI[Gastrointestinal hormones] AUSimek J TT[Gastrointestinalni hormony.] EM8601 SOCesk Fysiol (Czechoslovakia), 1985, 34(4) p317-29 MJGastrointestinal Hormones MNGastrointestinal Hormones /SE MTAnimal; Human RN124-87-8 (Picrotoxin); 1982-67-8 (Methionine Sulfoximine); 485-49-4 (Bicuculline); 54-95-5 (Pentylenetetrazole); 57-24-9 (Strychnine); 70-22-4 (Oxotremorine) IS0009-0557 LACzech JCCT7 UI86002405 TI[2 types of effects of convulsants on the embryonic CNS] AUSedlacek J TT[Dve formy ucinku konvulzivnich latek na embryonalni CNS.] EM8601 SOCesk Fysiol (Czechoslovakia), 1985, 34(4) p331-45 MJCentral Nervous System; Convulsants MNBicuculline /PD; Central Nervous System /PH; Chick Embryo; Methionine Sulfoximine /PD; Movement /DE; Oxotremorine /PD; Penicillins /PD; Pentylenetetrazole /PD; Picrotoxin /PD; Strychnine /PD; Tetanus Toxin /PD MCReview MTAnimal IS0009-0557 LACzech JCCT7 UI86002406 TI[Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction] AUHerget J TT[Hypoxicka plicni vazokonstrikce.] EM8601 SOCesk Fysiol (Czechoslovakia), 1985, 34(4) p347-56 MJAnoxia /PP; Pulmonary Circulation; Vasoconstriction MNAnoxia /ME; Energy Metabolism; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /ME; Vascular Resistance MTAnimal IS0009-0557 LACzech JCCT7 UI86002407 TI[Ontogenic aspects of myocardial contractibility] AUPucelik P TT[Nektere ontogeneticke aspekty stazlivosti myokardu.] EM8601 SOCesk Fysiol (Czechoslovakia), 1985, 34(4) p357-75 MJMyocardial Contraction MNAdult; Aging; Animals, Newborn /PH; Cardiac Glycosides /PD; Child, Preschool; Electrophysiology; Heart /EM /PH; Infant, Newborn; Myocardial Contraction /DE; Myocardium /ME MCReview MTAnimal; Human RN52-39-1 (Aldosterone) IS0009-0557 LACzech JCCT7 UI86002408 TI[Levels of aldosterone in the blood of healthy calves and goats] AUDostal M ; Bilkova B ; Vasku J ; Guba P; Sotakova E TT[Hladiny aldosteronu v seru zdravych telat a koz.] EM8601 SOCesk Fysiol (Czechoslovakia), 1985, 34(4) p377-80 MJAldosterone MNCattle; Goats MTAnimal; Male IS0009-059X LACzech JCCVD UI86002409 TI[Phacoemulsification of the rabbit lens in vivo] AUPreisova J TT[Fakoemulzifikace cocky kralika in vivo.] EM8601 SOCesk Oftalmol (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 41(5) p289-93 MJCataract Extraction; Ultrasonic Therapy MNRabbits MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0009-059X LACzech JCCVD UI86002410 TI[Defects in the nerve fibers of the retina and changes in computerized perimetry in the beginning stages of simple glaucoma] AUKraus H; Konigsdorffer E ; Vladykova J ; Ciganek L TT[Defekty nervovych vlaken sitnice a zmeny pocitacove perimetrie v pocatecnich stadiich prosteho glaukomu.] EM8601 SOCesk Oftalmol (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 41(5) p294-8 MJGlaucoma, Open-Angle; Nerve Fibers; Retina; Visual Fields MNComputers; Fundus Oculi; Glaucoma, Open-Angle /PP; Perimetry MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN26839-75-8 (Timolol); 38202-74-3 (Trimepranol); 92-13-7 (Pilocarpine) IS0009-059X LACzech JCCVD UI86002411 TI[The effect of long-term administration of beta blockers and pilocarpine on the permeability of blood vessels in the iris as seen in fluoroangiography] AUBoguszakova J ; Dubska Z ; Dientsbier E Jr; Hendl J TT[K vlivu dlouhodobe aplikovanych beta blokatoru a pilokarpinu na permeabilitu duhovkovych cev ve fluoroangiografickem obrazu.] EM8601 SOCesk Oftalmol (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 41(5) p299-304 MJCapillary Permeability; Fluorescein Angiography; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Iris; Pilocarpine; Propanolamines; Timolol; Trimepranol MNAdult; Aged; Glaucoma, Open-Angle /PP; Middle Age; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-059X LACzech JCCVD UI86002412 TI[Glaucoma and retinal detachment] AUKarel I; Ruzickova E ; Dolezalova J ; Dotrelova D ; Kalvodova B TT[Glaukom a odchlipeni sitnice.] EM8601 SOCesk Oftalmol (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 41(5) p305-10 MJGlaucoma; Retinal Detachment MNAged; Glaucoma /PP; Intraocular Pressure; Middle Age; Retinal Detachment /SU MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-059X LACzech JCCVD UI86002413 TI[Our experience up to this time with computer tomography in intra-ocular diseases. Comparison with ultrasonic diagnosis] AUVlkova E ; Preisova J ; Prokes B ; Nemecek R ; Kanova J TT[Nase dosavadni zkusenosti s CT u nitroocnich chorob. Srovnani s ultrazvukovou diagnostikou.] EM8601 SOCesk Oftalmol (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 41(5) p311-8 MJEye Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNAdult; Aged; Child; Eye Diseases /RA; Eye /PA /RA; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Comparative Study; Human IS0009-059X LACzech JCCVD UI86002414 TI[Modern possibilities in the diagnosis of foreign bodies in ophthalmology] AUVlkova E ; Preisova J ; Prokes B TT[Nekolik poznamek k dnesnim moznostem diagnostiky cizich telisek v oftalmologii.] EM8601 SOCesk Oftalmol (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 41(5) p319-26 MJEye Foreign Bodies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNAdult; Eye Foreign Bodies /RA MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0009-059X LACzech JCCVD UI86002415 TI[Changes in iris pigmentation in Czechoslovak children] AUBlazek V ; Hajnis K ; Bruzek J TT[Zmeny pigmentace duhovky ceskoslovenskych deti.] EM8601 SOCesk Oftalmol (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 41(5) p327-33 MJEye Color MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Czechoslovakia; Infant MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-059X LASlovak JCCVD UI86002416 TI[Circulating immunocomplexes in uveitis] AUNemethova L ; Kohlerova Z ; Nemeth F TT[Cirkulujuce imunokomplexy u uveitid.] EM8601 SOCesk Oftalmol (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 41(5) p334-8 MJAntigen-Antibody Complex; Sclera; Uveitis, Anterior; Uveitis MNInflammation /IM MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Male IS0009-059X LACzech JCCVD UI86002417 TI[First aid in chemical injuries of the eye] AUFrance A TT[Prispevek k prvni pomoci pri chemickych poranenich oka.] EM8601 SOCesk Oftalmol (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 41(5) p339-41 MJEye Injuries /TH; First Aid; Irrigation; Ophthalmology MNEye Injuries /CI MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0009-059X LACzech JCCVD UI86002418 TI[Pencil points--modification of the contact test for examining stereopsis] AUFila K TT[Hroty tuzek--modifikace dotekove zkousky pri vysetrovani stereopse.] EM8601 SOCesk Oftalmol (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 41(5) p342-5 MJConvergence, Ocular; Eye Movements; Strabismus; Vision Tests MNChild, Preschool; Child MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0009-059X LACzech JCCVD UI86002419 TI[A visit by Czechoslovak ophthalmologists to the Soviet Union] AUCiganek L ; Gerinec A TT[Z pobytu skupiny oftalmologu CSSR v Sovetskem svazu.] EM8601 SOCesk Oftalmol (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 41(5) p346-9 MJInternational Cooperation; Ophthalmology MNCzechoslovakia; USSR MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0009-0611 LASlovak JCCVW SBM UI86002420 TI[The neonate at risk and his evaluation by the pathologist. Introduction] ABChildren with a low birth weight represented a minimal part of neonates but they shared substantially in neonatal mortality. To unify the opinion about causes of neonatal death seemed to be urgent when comparing figures from various institutes. AUPlank J TT[Rizikovy novorodenec a jeho posudenie patologom. Uvod do problematiky.] EM8601 SOCesk Patol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 21(3) p131-4 MJInfant Mortality; Infant, Low Birth Weight MNInfant, Newborn; Risk MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0009-0611 LASlovak JCCVW SBM UI86002421 TI[Biometric data of normotrophic neonates] ABGestation age of a neonate could be estimated approximately by a pathologist according to some macroscopical features. In addition to the weight of large organs the authors studied weight of other organs and some biometrical data in a group of 84 normotrophic neonates. Regressive analysis gave information about the growth trend of organs; compared with tables it enabled to find out the growth retardation of a neonate or his single organ. The span of fingers represented a precise statistical figure for the estimation of gestation age in addition to the weight of organs. AUPlank J; Beseda A; Beseda I; Valka J TT[Niektore biometricke data normotrofnych novorodencov.] EM8601 SOCesk Patol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 21(3) p135-9 MJAnthropometry; Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn MNGestational Age; Organ Weight MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0009-0611 LASlovak JCCVW SBM UI86002422 TI[Diagnosis and classification of pulmonary findings in neonates] ABDevelopmental phases could be defined in neonatal lung tissue fixed in situ or in an ordinary way: glandular lung, canalicular lung with simple tubes covered by cuboid epithelial cells, alveolar lung with usual complicated structure. Canalicular lung could manage the blood saturation which depends on the number of capillaries. There was a different picture of alveoli filled with fluid or air. Hyaline membranes, always occurring in fluid-filled alveoli, represented a barrier for drainage of intraalveolar fluid. Step-wise inflation of lung enabled a histomechanical examination giving lately ╥functional╙ figures. They showed a poor functional readiness as well as a quick postnatal adaptability of immature lung. Pressure-volume curves correlated with histological maturity and pathological finding offered a more comprehensive explanation of clinicopathological mechanisms. AUPlank J; Plank L TT[Moznosti diagnostiky a triedenia plucnych nalezov novorodencov.] EM8601 SOCesk Patol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 21(3) p140-7 MJLung Diseases /PA MNFetal Organ Maturity; Infant, Newborn; Lung Diseases /CL; Lung /EM /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0009-0611 LASlovak JCCVW SBM UI86002423 TI[Evaluation of the mucosal surface relief of the small intestine in neonates] ABImmature neonates have slim thread-like villi of uniform length. More matured children have rougher villi with initial club-like expansion of the tip. Later there is a triangular broadening at the base of villi and at last tongue-shaped villi occur. They develop quickly in early days of life of an immature child and simultaneously with broader square villi and crest-like formations. This phenomenon is far more expressed in immature neonates than in matured ones. AUBeseda A TT[Hodnotenie sliznicneho reliefu tenkeho creva u novorodencov.] EM8601 SOCesk Patol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 21(3) p148-51 MJIleum; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Mucosa MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0009-0611 LASlovak JCCVW SBM UI86002424 TI[Evaluation of kidney maturity in neonates] ABMorphometric analysis of glomeruli allows to estimate renal maturity or find out an accidental retardation of growth. A simpler estimation of the number of yalers formed by immature glomeruli is less time-consuming. Final diagnosis of pathologist should include this estimation. An intense growth of glomeruli does not start before glomerular lobulation concurring with an increase of capillary lumina in a glomerular square unit. So lobulation expresses generally the maturity of glomeruli. AUBencat M ; Plank J TT[Hodnotenie zrelosti obliciek novorodencov.] EM8601 SOCesk Patol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 21(3) p152-4 MJFetal Organ Maturity; Infant, Newborn; Kidney Glomerulus MNKidney Glomerulus /EM MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0009-0611 LASlovak JCCVW SBM UI86002425 TI[Sequence of vascular closing mechanisms beginning post partum] ABDuctus arteriosus, ductus venosus and umbilical vessels were studied in a group of 120 children deceased in perinatal period and 30 persons deceased at the age of 1 month till 90 years. Time sequence of evident morphological closing of vessels was analyzed. A contraction of media and proliferation of intima finished at the end of the 1st month were found in all of them except in ductus arteriosus where it finished at the end of the 3rd month. Dystrophic changes of proliferating structures were found in following months. Closing of ductus arteriosus started in an antenatal phase by pillow-like proliferation of intima. A primary thrombosis closing the vessels was extremely rare. There was not any difference between immature and hypotrophic or mature and eutrophic neonates. AUDurcansky D ; Plank L TT[Sekvencia cievnych uzaverovych mechanizmov nastupujucich post partum.] EM8601 SOCesk Patol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 21(3) p155-9 MJDuctus Arteriosus, Patent; Ductus Arteriosus; Infant, Newborn; Umbilical Arteries; Umbilical Veins MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Ductus Arteriosus /EM /PH; Infant; Middle Age; Umbilical Arteries /PA /PH; Umbilical Veins /PA /PH MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0009-0611 LASlovak JCCVW SBM UI86002426 TI[Morphologic analysis of the thymo-lymphatic status in neonates and in early childhood] ABLesions of B- and T-systems as well as of suprarenal cortex were studied in a group of 31 children (at the age of 2 days till 3.5 years) suffering from thymolymphatic state and correlated with their basic disease. 25 cases were of a secondary type, 6 cases belonged to an idiopathic (primary) type. Secondary thymolymphatic state mostly occurred with inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system and was characterized by a B-system exhaustion, T-system activation and suprarenal atrophy. Idiopathic thymolymphatic state found in sudden and unexpected deaths was combined with variegated B-reactin and T-system activation. Insufficiency of immune reactions (morphological as well as functional) and suprarenal cortical atrophy could contribute to the cause of death. AUPlank L TT[Morfologicka analyza tymolymfatickeho stavu novorodeneckeho a ranneho detskeho veku.] EM8601 SOCesk Patol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 21(3) p160-3 MJLymphatic System; Thymus Gland MNAdrenal Cortex /PA; Child, Preschool; Hyperplasia; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Pneumonia /PA; Pulmonary Fibrosis /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0009-0611 LASlovak JCCVW SBM UI86002428 TI[Criteria for neonatal maturity. Conclusions for practice] ABThe evaluation of neonatal maturity is an important condition for interpretation of pathologist's findings. Weight of organs and other biometrical data, histological evaluation of maturity in various organs and rebuilding of circulation give objective morphological criteria of maturity as well as isolated retardation of growth or development. AUPlank J TT[Kriteria zrelosti novorodenca. Zavery pre prax.] EM8601 SOCesk Patol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 21(3) p172-4 MJFetal Organ Maturity MNInfant, Newborn; Organ Weight MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0009-0611 LACzech JCCVW SBM UI86002430 TI[Cardiac fibroma in a neonate] ABFibroma of the interventricular septum 3 cm in diameter caused a heart failure in a 2-day-old neonate. The tumour infiltrated neighboring heart muscle the fibres of which grew atrophic. AUVelenska Z TT[Fibrom srdce novorozence.] EM8601 SOCesk Patol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 21(3) p181-5 MJFibroma; Heart Neoplasms MNFibroma /PA; Heart Neoplasms /PA; Heart Septum /PA; Infant, Newborn MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0009-0611 LACzech JCCVW SBM UI86002431 TI[Alveolar lipoproteinosis] ABThe diagnosis of alveolar lipoproteinosis was established in a 46-year-old man's lung biopsy. The tissue was processed both for paraffin sections and electron microscopy. Morphology corresponded to the data in literature. Nevertheless, detailed clinical search and morphology failed to reveal causal factors. The case belonged to the group of alveolar proteinosis with uncertain etiopathogenesis. AUHoracek J TT[Alveolarni lipoproteinoza.] EM8601 SOCesk Patol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 21(3) p186-90 MJLipoidosis; Lipoidproteinosis; Lung Diseases MNLung /PA; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male RN364-62-5 (Metoclopramide); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0009-0611 LACzech JCCVW SBM UI86002432 TI[Electron microscopy changes in hypophyseal lactotrophs in rats after the administration of metoclopramide] ABMetoclopramide (Cerucal - Germed) proved to cause an ultrastructural activation of lactotroph cells in rat males. It showed itself as an increase of granular endoplasmic reticulum forming long lamellar or spiral structures. Many lactotrophs had a conspicuous Golgi zone. Estrogens and Metoclopramide administered simultaneously manifested themselves in a picture of heightened activation. The findings concurred with immunohistochemical ones from the same group of animals which issued earlier. AUDuskova J ; Schreiber V; Jahodova J TT[Elektronmikroskopicke zmeny v krysich hypofyzarnich laktotropech po podavani metoclopramidu.] EM8601 SOCesk Patol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 21(3) p191-6 MJMetoclopramide; Pituitary Gland /UL; Prolactin MNEndoplasmic Reticulum /UL; Estradiol /PD; Pituitary Gland /DE /SE; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male IS0009-0611 LACzech JCCVW SBM UI86002433 TI[Calcification in the heart. IV. Calcification of the pulmonary valve] ABA case is described of a 12-year-old girl suffering from Fallot's tetralogy whose atretic pulmonary valve was massively calcified. This appears to be the first case described of this condition in childhood. AUSteiner I TT[Kalcifikace v srdci. IV. Kalcifikace chlopne plicnice.] EM8601 SOCesk Patol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 21(3) p198-200 MJCalcinosis; Pulmonary Valve /PA MNChild; Pulmonary Valve /AB; Tetralogy of Fallot /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human IS0069-2336 LASlovak JCCWG UI86002434 TI[Understanding and empathy as a method in psychopathology] AUGuensberger E TT[Chapanie a porozumenie ako metoda v psychopatologii.] EM8601 SOCesk Psychiatr (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 81(4) p219-24 MJMental Disorders; Psychotherapy MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0069-2336 LASlovak JCCWG UI86002435 TI[The good psychiatrist] AUMatulay K TT[O dobrom psychiatrovi.] EM8601 SOCesk Psychiatr (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 81(4) p225-9 MJPhysician-Patient Relations; Psychiatry MNPsychotherapy MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0069-2336 LASlovak JCCWG UI86002436 TI[Ethical aspects as part of the professional approach in psychiatry] AUKolibas E ; Caplova T ; Fleischer J; Polak L ; Zucha I TT[Eticky aspekt ako sucast odborneho v psychiatrii.] EM8601 SOCesk Psychiatr (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 81(4) p230-4 MJEthics, Medical; Psychiatry MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN1812-30-2 (Bromazepam) IS0069-2336 LACzech JCCWG UI86002437 TI[Clinical experience with bromazepam in endogenous depression] AUNahunek K ; Svestka J; Buresova A ; Ceskova E ; Rysanek R ; Novotna H TT[Klinicke zkusenosti s bromazepamem u endogennich depresi.] EM8601 SOCesk Psychiatr (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 81(4) p235-41 MJBenzodiazepine Tranquilizers; Bromazepam /TU; Depressive Disorder MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Bromazepam /AE; Clinical Trials; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN70931-18-9 (isofloxythepin) IS0069-2336 LACzech JCCWG UI86002438 TI[Clinical effectiveness of isofloxythepin--an open study] AUZapletalek M ; Tuma I ; Kudrnova K TT[Klinicka ucinnost isofloxythepinu--otevrena studie.] EM8601 SOCesk Psychiatr (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 81(4) p242-6 MJDibenzothiepins /TU; Schizophrenia; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /TU MNAdolescence; Adult; Clinical Trials; Dibenzothiepins /AE; Middle Age; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /AE MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0069-2336 LACzech JCCWG UI86002439 TI[Use of diadynamic currents in sexual dysfunction] AUTabarka K; Buzek B TT[Vyuziti diadynamickych proudu u sexualnich dysfunkci.] EM8601 SOCesk Psychiatr (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 81(4) p247-52 MJEjaculation; Electrotherapy; Psychosexual Disorders; Psychosexual Dysfunctions MNAdolescence; Adult; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman; Male IS0069-2336 LASlovak JCCWG UI86002440 TI[Factors in the pathogenesis of neuroses] AUKafka J; Medvecky J ; Beles L ; Safko S TT[K niektorym faktorom v patogeneze neuroz.] EM8601 SOCesk Psychiatr (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 81(4) p253-8 MJNeurotic Disorders MNAdult; Family; Neurotic Disorders /PX MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0069-2336 LACzech JCCWG UI86002441 TI[Treatment of schizophrenia using hemodialysis] AUSedivec V; Petranova T ; Zizka V ; Opatrny K ; Petracek E ; Dzurik R TT[Leceni schizofrenie hemodialyzou.] EM8601 SOCesk Psychiatr (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 81(4) p259-66 MJHemodialysis; Schizophrenia, Paranoid MNAdult; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0069-2336 LACzech JCCWG UI86002442 TI[Comparison of the results of computer tomography and pneumoencephalography in psychopathology and psychiatric nosography] AUSkoda C TT[Porovnani vysledku VT a PEG u psychopatologie a v psychiatricke nosografii.] EM8601 SOCesk Psychiatr (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 81(4) p267-72 MJBrain; Pneumoencephalography; Psychotic Disorders; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MNChild; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human IS0069-2336 LACzech JCCWG UI86002443 TI[Administration of maintenance therapy in endogenous psychoses in out-patient practice] AUMrna B ; Tabarka K TT[Provadeni udrzovaci terapie endogennich psychoz v terenni praxi.] EM8601 SOCesk Psychiatr (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 81(4) p273-5 MJAffective Disorders, Psychotic; Schizophrenia; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /TU MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /AD MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0069-2336 LASlovak JCCWG UI86002444 TI[Preliminary experience with monitoring the acid-base balance and blood gases in electroshock during general anesthesia and muscle relaxation] AUFrank V; Olos R; Pullmann R TT[Predbezne skusenosti so sledovanim acidobazickej rovnovahy a krvnych plynov pri elektrosoku v celkovej anesteze a myorelaxacii.] EM8601 SOCesk Psychiatr (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 81(4) p276-9 MJAcid-Base Equilibrium; Carbon Dioxide; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Oxygen MNAdult; Depression, Involutional /BL /TH; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Middle Age; Schizophrenia /BL /TH MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0069-2344 LACzech JCCX6 UI86002445 TI[Lower cerebellar arteries in the diagnosis of infratentorial expansive processes] AUKrausova L TT[Dolni mozeckove tepny v diagnostice infratentorialnich expanzivnich procesu.] EM8601 SOCesk Radiol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 39(4) p211-22 MJBrain Neoplasms /RA; Cerebellum; Cerebral Angiography; Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations MNAdolescence; Adult; Brain Neoplasms /BS; Child MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0069-2344 LACzech JCCX6 UI86002446 TI[Radiodiagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumors of the pancreas] AUDrugova B ; Balas V ; Krivanek J TT[Problemy radiodiagnostiky zanetlivych pseudotumoru pankreatu.] EM8601 SOCesk Radiol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 39(4) p223-31 MJPancreatic Neoplasms /RA; Pancreatitis MNAdult; Aged; Celiac Artery /RA; Mesenteric Arteries /RA; Middle Age; Pancreatic Neoplasms /BS /CO; Portography MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0069-2344 LASlovak JCCX6 UI86002447 TI[Sonographic study of the gallbladder and bile ducts] AUAntalik J ; Dostalova E TT[Poznatky o sonografickom vysetreni zlcnika a zlcovych ciest.] EM8601 SOCesk Radiol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 39(4) p232-8 MJBile Duct Diseases; Gallbladder Diseases; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0069-2344 LASlovak JCCX6 UI86002448 TI[2-dimensional echoencephalography in early childhood] AUSanta M; Malinovsky E ; Stancak M ; Fagul'a J; Sulla I TT[Dvojrozmerna echoencefalografia v ranom detskom veku.] EM8601 SOCesk Radiol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 39(4) p239-51 MJBrain Diseases; Echoencephalography MNCerebral Hemorrhage /DI; Hydrocephalus /DI; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Meningitis /DI MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0069-2344 LASlovak JCCX6 UI86002449 TI[Comparison of the parenchymal phase of hepatobiliary gammagraphy with a radiocolloid gammagram of the liver] AUZimacek J ; Stupakova E ; Takacs J TT[Porovnanie parenchymovej fazy hepatobiliarnej gamagrafie s radiokoloidovym gamagramom pecene.] EM8601 SOCesk Radiol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 39(4) p252-8 MJBile Ducts; Liver Diseases; Liver MNAdult; Methods MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Comparative Study; Human; Male IS0069-2344 LACzech JCCX6 UI86002450 TI[Modification of an industrial linear accelerator for therapeutic use] AUMach J; Kubat A TT[Uprava prumysloveho linearniho urychlovace pro lecebne pouziti.] EM8601 SOCesk Radiol (Czechoslovakia), Aug 1985, 39(4) p259-63 MJParticle Accelerators MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN94-41-7 (Chalcone) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002460 TIAnti-ulcer effect of isoprenyl flavonoids. III. Synthesis and anti-ulcer activity of metabolites of 2'-carboxymethoxy-4,4'-bis(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)chalcone. AUHatayama K; Yokomori S; Kawashima Y; Saziki R; Kyogoku K EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1327-33 MJAnti-Ulcer Agents; Chalcone /CS; Propiophenones MNChalcone /AA /PD; Chemistry; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN0 (depressor-I, lysate brain); 512-04-9 (Diosgenin); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 67-64-1 (Acetone) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002461 TIIdentification of steroidal compounds as acetates in a lysate of ╥Depressor-I,╙ an antihypertensive phospholipid occurring in acetone-soluble fraction of bovine brain. AUTakauchi K; Tokumura A; Yoshida J; Iwama T; Handa Y; Tatsumichi H; Tsukatani H EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1334-41 MJAntihypertensive Agents; Brain Chemistry; Phospholipids; Steroids MNAcetates /AN; Acetone; Cattle; Cholesterol /AN; Diosgenin /AN; Hydrolysis MTAnimal IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002462 TIThe biologically active constituents of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. Histamine release-inhibitory triterpenes. AUKohda H; Tokumoto W; Sakamoto K; Fujii M; Hirai Y; Yamasaki K; Komoda Y; Nakamura H; Ishihara S; Uchida M EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1367-74 MJHistamine Antagonists; Histamine Liberation; Plants, Medicinal; Triterpenes /IP MNMast Cells /DE; Plant Extracts /AN; Rats; Triterpenes /AN MTAnimal; In Vitro RN22888-70-6 (Silymarin) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002463 TITotal synthesis of (+/-)-silybin, an antihepatotoxic flavonolignan. AUTanaka H; Shibata M; Ohira K; Ito K EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1419-23 MJFlavones; Silymarin MNChemistry; Isomerism RN61-73-4 (Methylene Blue) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002464 TIRelationship of the structures of tannins to the binding activities with hemoglobin and methylene blue. AUOkuda T; Mori K; Hatano T EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1424-33 MJHemoglobins; Methylene Blue; Tannins MNMolecular Conformation; Protein Binding; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tannins /ME MTHuman; In Vitro RN2086-83-1 (Berberine) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002465 TIChemical transformation of protoberberines. VII. Efficient conversion of protoberberines into benzindenoazepines via 8,14-cycloberbines. AUHanaoka M; Kim SK; Inoue M; Nagami K; Shimada Y; Yasuda S EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1434-43 MJBenzazepines; Berberine; Berbines; Indenes MNBerberine /AN; Chemistry MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002466 TIStudies on the constituents of medicinal and related plants in Sri Lanka. III. Novel sesquilignans from Hedyotis lawsoniae. AUKikuchi T; Matsuda S; Kadota S; Tai T EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1444-51 MJPlants, Medicinal; Triterpenes MNChemistry; Sri Lanka MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9013-60-9 (Forssman Antigen) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002467 TISynthesis and structure-activity study of protease inhibitors. IV. Amidinonaphthols and related acyl derivatives. AUAoyama T; Okutome T; Nakayama T; Yaegashi T; Matsui R; Nunomura S; Kurumi M; Sakurai Y; Fujii S EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1458-71 MJAmidines; Naphthols; Protease Inhibitors MNAmidines /PD; Chemistry; Forssman Antigen /AN; Guinea Pigs; Hemolysis /DE; Naphthols /PD; Sheep; Structure-Activity Relationship MTAnimal; In Vitro RN1740-19-8 (dehydroabietic acid); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002468 TIAntiulcer activity of dehydroabietic acid derivatives. AUWada H; Kodato S; Kawamori M; Morikawa T; Nakai H; Takeda M; Saito S; Onoda Y; Tamaki H EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1472-87 MJAnti-Ulcer Agents; Diterpenes MNAldosterone /PD; Chemistry; Diterpenes /PD; Gastric Juice /SE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002469 TIApplication of principal component analysis to the study of quantitative structure-activity relationships by means of multiple regression analysis. AUKubota T; Hanamura J; Kano K; Uno B EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1488-95 MJStructure-Activity Relationship MNModels, Chemical; Regression Analysis RN122-32-7 (Triolein) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002470 TIStudies on active substances in the herbs used for oketsu (╥stagnant blood╙) in Chinese medicine. II. On the anticoagulative principle in persicae semen. AUKosuge T; Ishida H; Ishii M EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1496-8 MJAnticoagulants; Plants, Medicinal; Triolein MNChromatography, Gel; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Mice; Triolein /PD MTAnimal; Male IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002471 TIStudies on active substances in the herbs used for oketsu (╥stagnant blood╙) in Chinese medicine. III. On the anticoagulative principles in curcumae rhizoma. AUKosuge T; Ishida H; Yamazaki H EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1499-502 MJAnticoagulants; Plants, Medicinal MNChromatography, Gas; Hydrolysis; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Mice MTAnimal; Male RN154-23-4 (Catechin) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002472 TIStudies on active substances in the herbs used for oketsu (╥stagnant blood╙) in Chinese medicine. IV. On the anticoagulative principle in rhei rhizoma. AUKosuge T; Ishida H EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1503-6 MJAnticoagulants; Benzopyrans; Catechin; Plants, Medicinal MNAnticoagulants /PD; Catechin /PD; Chromatography, Gas; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Mice MTAnimal IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002473 TIStudies on the constituents of asclepiadaceae plants. LVIII. The structures of five glycosides, cynatratoside-A, -B, -C, -D, and -E, from the Chinese drug ╥pai-wei,╙ Cynanchum atratum Bunge. AUZhang ZX; Zhou J; Hayashi K; Mitsuhashi H EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1507-14 MJGlycosides; Plants, Medicinal MNChemistry; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN6203-18-5 (4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde); 86-54-4 (Hydralazine) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002474 TIProperties of hydrazones of hydralazine and colorimetric determination of hydralazine hydrochloride with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde based on solvent extraction. AUNakashima K; Shimada K; Akiyama S EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1515-21 MJCinnamates; Hydralazine MNColorimetry; Hydrazones /AN; Solvents MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1197-18-8 (Tranexamic Acid) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002475 TIInteraction of the fluorescent probe 7-anilino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid with alpha-globulin. AUTakadate A; Ohkubo Y; Irikura M; Goya S; Otagiri M; Uekama K EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1522-7 MJAlpha Globulins; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Tranexamic Acid MNChemistry; Fluorescent Dyes; Kinetics; Spectrometry, Fluorescence MTHuman RN77614-16-5 (dermorphin) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002476 TIStudies on analgesic oligopeptides. III. Synthesis and analgesic activity after subcutaneous administration of [D-Arg2]dermorphin and its N-terminal tetrapeptide analogs. AUSasaki Y; Matsui M; Fujita H; Hosono M; Taguchi M; Suzuki K; Sakurada S; Sato T; Sakurada T; Kisara K EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1528-36 MJAnalgesics; Oligopeptides MNInjections, Subcutaneous; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Reaction Time /DE MTAnimal; Male RNEC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase); 66455-27-4 (PS-K) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002477 TIInteraction of protein-bound polysaccharide (PS-K) with microtubule proteins. V. Influence on tubulin-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. AUFujii T; Akabane Y; Fujii M; Kondo Y; Ohki K EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1537-43 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Proteoglycans; Tubulin MNBrain /EN; Protein Binding; Swine MTAnimal; In Vitro RN3617-44-5 (Phenylalanine); 83-88-5 (Riboflavin) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002479 TIThe photochemical decomposition and hydroxylation of phenylalanine in the presence of riboflavin. AUIshimitsu S; Fujimoto S; Ohara A EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1552-6 MJPhenylalanine; Riboflavin MNDrug Stability; Hydroxylation; Photochemistry IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002480 TICarbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis of the fruit bodies of Grifola frondosa. AUOhno N; Iino K; Suzuki I; Sato K; Oikawa S; Yadomae T EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1557-62 MJBasidiomycetes MNCarbon Isotopes /DU; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance RNEC 3.2.1.51 (Fucosidase) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002481 TIPurification and characterization of alpha-L-fucosidase from the liver of seahare, Aplysia kurodai. AUHiraiwa M; Uda Y EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1563-70 MJFucosidase; Liver; Mollusca MNChromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Fucosidase /IP; Kinetics; Molecular Weight MTAnimal RN67-56-1 (Alcohol, Methyl); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7786-30-3 (magnesium chloride) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002482 TIEffects of methanol and magnesium chloride on the induction of respiration-deficient mutants in yeast by metal ions. AUHamada H; Toshimitsu N; Kojima M; Morita T EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1571-5 MJAlcohol, Methyl; Magnesium; Metals; Oxygen Consumption; Saccharomyces Cerevisiae MNMutation; Saccharomyces Cerevisiae /ME IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002483 TIOsmotic-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as screening organisms for promutagens and procarcinogens. AUMorita T; Yanagihara Y EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1576-82 MJCarcinogens; Mutagens; Saccharomyces Cerevisiae MNDrug Screening; Mutagenicity Tests; Osmolar Concentration IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002484 TISynthesis of the nonatetracontapeptide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of thymopoietin I and its effect on the low E-rosette-forming cells of a uremic patient. AUAbiko T; Sekino H EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1583-91 MJThymopoietins /PD; Thymus Hormones; Uremia MNAmino Acid Sequence; Rosette Formation; Thymopoietins /CS MTHuman; In Vitro RN349-96-2 (4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl fluoride); 6899-10-1 (cetrimonium) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002485 TIEffects of a cationic surfactant on the rate of alkaline hydrolysis of p-substituted benzenesulfonyl fluorides. AUIfudu ND; Dike AC EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1592-8 MJAmmonium Compounds; Cetrimonium Compounds; Sulfones; Surface-Active Agents MNHydrolysis; Kinetics; Nitrobenzenes /AN; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002486 TIStudy of crystalline drugs by means of a polarizing microscope. VI. Polarizing microscopy of drugs acting on the nervous system and on individual organs listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia X. AUWatanabe A; Yamaoka Y; Akaho E; Kuroda K; Yokoyama T; Umeda T EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1599-608 MJDrugs; Nervous System MNCrystallization; Japan; Microscopy, Polarization; Pharmacopoeias RN26100-51-6 (poly(lactic acid) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002487 TIControl of release rate of bleomycin from polylactic acid microspheres by additives. AUJuni K; Ogata J; Matsui N; Kubota M; Nakano M EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1609-14 MJBleomycins MNExcipients; Kinetics; Lactates; Microspheres; Polymers RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002488 TIApplication of solid dispersions of nifedipine with enteric coating agent to prepare a sustained-release dosage form. AUHasegawa A; Nakagawa H; Sugimoto I EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1615-9 MJNifedipine MNAdult; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dogs; Drug Compounding; Tablets, Enteric-Coated MTAnimal; Human; Male IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002489 TIPreparation of mean drug concentration--time curves in plasma. A study on the frequency distribution of pharmacokinetic parameters. AUMizuta E; Tsubotani A EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1620-32 MJDrugs MNBiological Assay; Cephalosporins /BL; Kinetics MTHuman RN24143-17-7 (oxazolam) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002490 TIThe behavior of 1,4-benzodiazepine drugs in acidic media. II. Kinetics and mechanism of the acid-base equilibrium reaction of oxazolam. AUKurono Y; Kuwayama T; Kamiya K; Yashiro T; Ikeda K EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1633-40 MJBenzodiazepinones MNChemistry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics RN530-78-9 (Flufenamic Acid) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002491 TIPrediction of available surface area of powdered particles of flufenamic acid in tablets. AUKouchiwa S; Nemoto M; Itai S; Murayama H; Nagai T EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1641-51 MJFlufenamic Acid /AN MNFlufenamic Acid /AD; Powders; Surface Properties; Tablets RNEC 3.1. (Esterases); 50-91-9 (Fluorodeoxyuridine) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002492 TISpecificity of esterases and structure of prodrug esters. II. Hydrolytic regeneration behavior of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUdR) from 3',5'-diesters of FUdR with rat tissue homogenates and plasma in relation to their antitumor activity. AUKawaguchi T; Saito M; Suzuki Y; Nambu N; Nagai T EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1652-9 MJFluorodeoxyuridine MNEsterases /ME; Fluorodeoxyuridine /ME /PD; Hydrolysis; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Male RN530-43-8 (chloramphenicol palmitate); 56-75-7 (Chloramphenicol) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002493 TIEffect of grinding on the transformations of polymorphs of chloramphenicol palmitate. AUKaneniwa N; Otsuka M EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1660-8 MJChloramphenicol MNChemistry, Physical; Chloramphenicol /AN; Drug Compounding RN0 (terpineol-O-glucopyranoside) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002494 TICholagogic action and characteristics of (+/-)-alpha-terpineol-beta-D-O-glucopyranoside, a new monoterpenoid glucoside. AUYamahara J; Kimura H; Kobayashi M; Okamoto T; Sawada T; Fujimura H; Chisaka T EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1669-75 MJCholagogues and Choleretics; Glucosides; Glycosides; Terpenes MNChemistry; Glucosides /PD; Isomerism; Mice; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Terpenes /PD MTAnimal; Male RN482-27-9 (isopimpinellin); 482-44-0 (imperatorin); 484-12-8 (osthol) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002495 TIBiologically active principles of crude drugs. Anti-allergic principles in ╥Cnidii monnieri╙. AUYamahara J; Kozuka M; Sawada T; Fujimura H; Nakano K; Tomimatsu T; Nohara T EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1676-80 MJDermatitis, Contact; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis; Plants, Medicinal MNCoumarins /PD; Guinea Pigs; Japan; Mice; Psoralens /AN /PD MTAnimal; Male RN466-97-7 (normorphine); 467-15-2 (norcodeine); 56195-50-7 (nalodeine); 62-67-9 (Nalorphine); 76-57-3 (Codeine) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002496 TIEffects of epoxidation on the actions of normorphine, norcodeine, N-allylnormorphine(nalorphine) and N-allylnorcodeine on the electrically stimulated guinea pig ileum. AUCho N; Hirobe M; Takayanagi I EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1681-6 MJMorphine Derivatives; Muscle, Smooth MNCodeine /AA /PD; Electric Stimulation; Epoxy Compounds /CS; Guinea Pigs; Ileum /DE; Morphine Derivatives /PD; Muscle Contraction /DE; Nalorphine /PD MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN121-14-2 (2,4-dinitrotoluene) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002497 TIHigh-performance liquid chromatographic determination of urinary metabolites of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in Wistar rats. AUShoji M; Mori M; Moto-o K; Kozuka H; Honda T EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1687-93 MJDinitrobenzenes; Nitrobenzenes MNChromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Hydrolysis; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RNEC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); EC 3.4.21.1 (Chymotrypsin); EC 3.4.21.26 (post-proline endopeptidase); EC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002498 TIDistributions of post-proline cleaving enzyme-, converting enzyme-, trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like activities in various nephron segments and in brush-border membranes isolated from rat kidney. AUSudo J; Tanabe T EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1694-702 MJChymotrypsin; Kininase II; Nephrons; Peptide Peptidohydrolases; Trypsin MNChemistry; Kidney /ME; Microvilli /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002499 TIA facile synthetic method for pyrimidine acyclonucleoside derivatives. AUOchi K; Miyamoto K; Miura Y; Mitsui H; Matsunaga I; Shindo M EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1703-6 MJPyrimidine Nucleosides MNChemistry IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002500 TISynthesis of some N-substituted 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-2,6-methano-3-benzazocines (6,7-benzomorphans). AUHori M; Imai E; Kawamura N; Iwamura T; Kataoka T; Shimizu H EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1707-10 MJAnalgesics; Benzomorphans; Morphinans MNChemistry IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002501 TIReaction of amino acids with alkyl p-toluenesulfonates. AUNitta Y; Arakawa Y EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1711-5 MJAmino Acids; Benzenesulfonates MNCatalysis; Chemistry RN0 (5-ethyl-2-oxo-4-piperidineacetic acid) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002502 TILactams. XXIV. Alkaline hydrolysis of 1-benzyl-2-piperidone derivatives: application to cis-trans isomerization of the 5-ethyl-2-oxo-4-piperidineacetic acid system. AUFujii T; Ohba M; Akiyama S EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1716-20 MJLactams; Piperidines; Piperidones MNBenzyl Compounds /CS; Chemistry; Hydrolysis; Isomerism MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.14 (Subtilisins); 0 (7-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-beta-benzylaspartyl-prolyl-leucyl); 0 (7-(N-benzyloxycarbonylglycyl-glycyl-leucyl) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002503 TINew fluorogenic substrates for subtilisin. AUKanaoka Y; Takahashi T; Nakayama H; Tanizawa K EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1721-4 MJCoumarins; Oligopeptides; Subtilisins MNFluorescent Dyes /CS; Kinetics; Spectrometry, Fluorescence IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002504 TINatural antioxidants. III. Antioxidative components isolated from rhizome of Curcuma longa L. AUToda S; Miyase T; Arichi H; Tanizawa H; Takino Y EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1725-8 MJAntioxidants; Plants, Medicinal MNChemistry; Japan IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002505 TIPotentiating effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on antibacterial activity of polymyxin antibiotics. AUAraki T; Hiroguchi J; Matsunaga H; Kimura Y EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1729-33 MJBacteria; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Polymyxins MNDrug Synergism; Phospholipids /PD RN26100-51-6 (poly(lactic acid); 57576-44-0 (aclacinomycin A) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002506 TIModification of the release rate of aclarubicin from polylactic acid microspheres by using additives. AUJuni K; Ogata J; Matsui N; Kubota M; Nakano M EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1734-8 MNChemistry, Pharmaceutical; Excipients; Lactates; Microspheres; Naphthacenes /AD; Particle Size; Polymers RNEC 3.1.1 (Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases); EC 3.1.1.- (urethane hydrolase III) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002507 TIPurification and properties of ╥N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl amino acid urethane hydrolase III╙ from Lactobacillus casei & ATCC 7469. AUMatsumura E; Shin T; Murao S; Yomoda S; Kawano T EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1739-44 MJCarboxylic Ester Hydrolases /IP; Lactobacillus Casei MNCarboxylic Ester Hydrolases /AN; Chemistry; Substrate Specificity RN3416-24-8 (Glucosamine); 86559-73-1 (lipid X) IS0009-2363 LAEnglish JCCZP UI86002508 TIA new methodology for chemoselection of one amino and four hydroxyl groups of glucosamine derivatives and its use for synthesis of lipid X. AUTakahashi T; Shimizu C; Nakamoto S; Ikeda K; Achiwa K EM8601 SOChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (Japan), Apr 1985, 33(4) p1760-2 MJGlucosamine; Glycolipids MNChemistry IS0254-1769 LAChinese JCCZR UI86002531 TI[Use of clinical observations in acute head injuries] EM8601 SOChung Hua Hu Li Tsa Chih (China), Aug 1985, 20(4) p193-5 MJHead Injuries; Nursing Records MNAcute Disease; Adult MTHuman; Male IS0254-1769 LAChinese JCCZR UI86002532 TI[Nursing of patients after the surgical treatment of facial nerve paralysis] AULuo LZ EM8601 SOChung Hua Hu Li Tsa Chih (China), Aug 1985, 20(4) p196-8 MJFacial Paralysis; Postoperative Care MNFacial Paralysis /SU; Preoperative Care MTHuman IS0254-1769 LAChinese JCCZR UI86002533 TI[Translabyrinth approach in acoustic neuroma resection] AUChen LZ EM8601 SOChung Hua Hu Li Tsa Chih (China), Aug 1985, 20(4) p199-200 MJNeuroma, Acoustic /SU MNMethods; Neuroma, Acoustic /NU; Operating Room Nursing MTHuman IS0254-1769 LAChinese JCCZR UI86002534 TI[Hematoporphyrin derivatives and the laser in orthopedic surgery] AUJin FY EM8601 SOChung Hua Hu Li Tsa Chih (China), Aug 1985, 20(4) p201-2 MJBone Neoplasms /SU; Hematoporphyrin Photoradiation /NU; Lasers; Photochemotherapy MNAdolescence; Adult; Bone Neoplasms /DT; Hematoporphyrin Photoradiation /AE; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0254-1769 LAChinese JCCZR UI86002535 TI[Nursing care of patients after renal artery embolization] AULi HQ EM8601 SOChung Hua Hu Li Tsa Chih (China), Aug 1985, 20(4) p203-4 MJEmbolization, Therapeutic; Kidney Neoplasms MNRenal Artery MTHuman IS0254-1769 LAChinese JCCZR UI86002536 TI[Nursing of patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy] AULi HL EM8601 SOChung Hua Hu Li Tsa Chih (China), Aug 1985, 20(4) p205-6 MJElectrosurgery; Prostatectomy MNProstatic Hypertrophy /SU MTHuman; Male RN51-21-8 (Fluorouracil); 52-24-4 (Thio-Tepa) IS0254-1769 LAChinese JCCZR UI86002537 TI[Intra-cavity thermo-chemotherapy of bladder cancer: clinical use and nursing care] AUYang HP; Gao YJ EM8601 SOChung Hua Hu Li Tsa Chih (China), Aug 1985, 20(4) p207-8 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined; Bladder Neoplasms; Heat MNAdult; Aged; Bladder Neoplasms /TH; Combined Modality Therapy; Fluorouracil /AD; Middle Age; Thio-Tepa /AD MTFemale; Human; Male IS0254-1769 LAChinese JCCZR UI86002538 TI[Surgical treatment of pulmonary bullae and nursing care] AUZheng YR EM8601 SOChung Hua Hu Li Tsa Chih (China), Aug 1985, 20(4) p209-10 MJLung Diseases; Postoperative Care MNLung Diseases /SU; Preoperative Care MTHuman IS0254-1769 LAChinese JCCZR UI86002539 TI[Nursing experience before and after operations for cicatricial contracture of neck burns] AUChen YX EM8601 SOChung Hua Hu Li Tsa Chih (China), Aug 1985, 20(4) p211-2 MJBurns; Cicatrix /NU; Contracture; Postoperative Care MNCicatrix /CO /SU; Neck MTHuman IS0254-1769 LAChinese JCCZR UI86002540 TI[Relation between temperature and pulse rate: 89 patients with pyretic diseases] AUYan CY EM8601 SOChung Hua Hu Li Tsa Chih (China), Aug 1985, 20(4) p213-4 MJBody Temperature; Fever; Pulse MNAdolescence; Adult MTFemale; Human; Male IS0254-1769 LAChinese JCCZR UI86002541 TI[Nursing of diabetic patients treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion] AULi YQ; Wang DQ EM8601 SOChung Hua Hu Li Tsa Chih (China), Aug 1985, 20(4) p215-6 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /NU; Insulin Infusion Systems MNDiabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /DT MTHuman IS0254-1769 LAChinese JCCZR UI86002542 TI[Nursing of patients taking Chinese medicinal herbs] AUYen YL EM8601 SOChung Hua Hu Li Tsa Chih (China), Aug 1985, 20(4) p217-8 MJMedicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, Oriental Traditional; Nursing Care; Plants, Medicinal MNPlant Extracts /TU MTHuman IS0254-1769 LAChinese JCCZR UI86002543 TI[Relation between the biological clock and chrononursing] AUSu CA EM8601 SOChung Hua Hu Li Tsa Chih (China), Aug 1985, 20(4) p219-21 MJBiological Clocks; Nursing Care MNAdult; Pregnancy; Time Factors MTFemale; Human IS0254-1769 LAChinese JCCZR UI86002544 TI[Heat preservation in neonates] AUZhu ZM EM8601 SOChung Hua Hu Li Tsa Chih (China), Aug 1985, 20(4) p222-3 MJBody Temperature; Infant Care; Infant, Newborn MNEnvironment, Controlled; Incubators, Infant MTHuman IS0254-1769 LAChinese JCCZR UI86002545 TI[Psychological care of sick children] AULu ZF EM8601 SOChung Hua Hu Li Tsa Chih (China), Aug 1985, 20(4) p224-5 MJPediatric Nursing; Psychiatric Nursing MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCCZT UI86002546 TI[Utilization and culture Of Fritillaria thunbergii] AUChen DE EM8601 SOChung Yao Tung Pao (China), Mar 1985, 10(3) p10-1 MJMedicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, Oriental Traditional; Plants, Medicinal LAChinese JCCZT UI86002547 TI[Historical textual research on medicinal plants of Dioscoreaceae in Zhejiang Province] AUXi JQ EM8601 SOChung Yao Tung Pao (China), Mar 1985, 10(3) p12-5 MJMedicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, Oriental Traditional; Plants, Medicinal MNHistory of Medicine, Medieval MCHistorical Article LAChinese JCCZT UI86002548 TI[Identification of adulterants of Bungarus multicinctus] AUYao JX EM8601 SOChung Yao Tung Pao (China), Mar 1985, 10(3) p16-7 MJMedicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, Oriental Traditional; Plants, Medicinal LAChinese JCCZT UI86002549 TI[Effect of Chinese materia medica after the processing with wine] AUZeng DA EM8601 SOChung Yao Tung Pao (China), Mar 1985, 10(3) p19-20 MJMedicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, Oriental Traditional; Plants, Medicinal; Wine MNPlant Extracts /PD LAChinese JCCZT UI86002550 TI[Formulation of a wax shell for honey pills: II. Orthogonal experiment of the eight factors of the formulation of the wax shell] AUXi DX EM8601 SOChung Yao Tung Pao (China), Mar 1985, 10(3) p25-8 MJDrug Packaging; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, Oriental Traditional LAChinese JCCZT UI86002551 TI[Improved preparation of hepatitis syrup] AULu HB EM8601 SOChung Yao Tung Pao (China), Mar 1985, 10(3) p29 MJDrug Compounding; Hepatitis; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, Oriental Traditional; Plants, Medicinal MNPlant Extracts MTHuman RN7440-50-8 (Copper) LAChinese JCCZT UI86002552 TI[Chemical constituents of Equisetaceae: a review] AUZhou RH EM8601 SOChung Yao Tung Pao (China), Mar 1985, 10(3) p3-7 MJMedicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, Oriental Traditional; Plants, Medicinal MNAlkaloids /IP; Amino Acids /IP; Copper /IP; Flavones /IP; Phenols /IP; Silicones /IP MCReview RN1147-29-1 (columbianetin); 13849-08-6 (marmesin); 32152-70-8 (columbiananine); 482-44-0 (imperatorin) LAChinese JCCZT UI86002553 TI[Isolation and identification of chemical constituents from an alcoholic extract of Notopterygium incisium] AUSun YF EM8601 SOChung Yao Tung Pao (China), Mar 1985, 10(3) p31-3 MJMedicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, Oriental Traditional; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols MNCoumarins /IP; Psoralens /IP RN87-78-5 (Mannitol) LAChinese JCCZT UI86002554 TI[Preliminary study of Cordyceps barnesii--comparison of the chemical constituents of Cordyceps barnesii and Cordyceps sinensis] AUGuo YW EM8601 SOChung Yao Tung Pao (China), Mar 1985, 10(3) p33-5 MJMedicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, Oriental Traditional; Plants, Medicinal MNAmino Acids /IP; Mannitol /IP; Trace Elements /IP MTComparative Study LAChinese JCCZT UI86002555 TI[Anti-inflammatory effect of the volatile oil from Curcuma aromatica] AULi CZ EM8601 SOChung Yao Tung Pao (China), Mar 1985, 10(3) p38-40 MJAnti-Inflammatory Agents; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, Oriental Traditional; Oils, Volatile; Plants, Medicinal MNMice; Rats; Stomach Ulcer /DT MTAnimal LAChinese JCCZT UI86002556 TI[Mitotic effect of radix codonopsis pilosulae, radix astragali and semen strychni on human lymphocytes] AULiu DX EM8601 SOChung Yao Tung Pao (China), Mar 1985, 10(3) p40-2 MJLymphocytes /DE; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, Oriental Traditional; Mitosis; Mitotic Index; Plants, Medicinal MNLymphocytes /CY; Plant Extracts /PD; Seeds MTHuman LAChinese JCCZT UI86002557 TI[Effect of the compound of Choerospondias axillaris on the tolerance to hypoxia and protection from acute myocardial ischemia in animals] AULi ZX EM8601 SOChung Yao Tung Pao (China), Mar 1985, 10(3) p42-4 MJAnoxia; Coronary Disease; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, Oriental Traditional; Plants, Medicinal MNMice; Plant Extracts /TU; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male LAChinese JCCZT UI86002558 TI[Planting of Lonicera japonica on saline-alkali soil in Yu-Cheng County] AUZhang TS EM8601 SOChung Yao Tung Pao (China), Mar 1985, 10(3) p8-10 MJMedicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, Oriental Traditional; Plants, Medicinal MNFertilizers; Soil IS0009-3084 LAEnglish JCCZW SBM UI86002559 TISynthesis and characterization of a radioiodinated, photoreactive and physiologically active analogue of platelet activating factor. ABThe multistep synthesis of a photoreactive, radioactive and aggregating analogue of platelet-activating factor (PAF)-acether is described. The photoreactive and radioactive moiety was added at the last step; the specific radioactivity was higher than 1000 Ci/mmol. The concentration of this new analogue which causes 50% of aggregation of platelets were of the same order of magnitude as for synthetic snPAF-acether, so as for two other analogues having a bulky group at the omega end of the fatty ether chain. The photoreactivity was proved by the covalent binding of the analogue to protein (BSA) after 10-min irradiation times at 300 nm. The binding was largely prevented by prior (not by later) addition of a high concentration of lyso phosphatidyl choline. AUBette-Bobillo P; Bienvenue A; Broquet C; Maurin L EM8601 SOChem Phys Lipids (Netherlands), Jun-Jul 1985, 37(3) p215-26 MJPlatelet Activating Factor MNAcetylation; Chemistry; Iodine Radioisotopes /DU; Isotope Labeling; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance MTHuman RN84015-55-4 (3-lauroyl-glycero-1-phosphate) IS0009-3084 LAEnglish JCCZW SBM UI86002560 TIInteractions and space requirements of the phosphate head group in membrane lipids. The crystal structure of disodium lysophosphatidate dihydrate. ABThe packing arrangement and molecular conformation of lysophosphatidate (disodium 3-lauroyl-DL-glycero-1-phosphate dihydrate (LPA] was determined by single crystal analysis. The lipid crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with unit cell dimensions of a = 7.74, b = 5.54, c = 32.87 A and alpha = 92.6, beta = 99.2, gamma = 128.3 degrees. The molecules are arranged tail to tail in a bilayer structure. Thereby the D- and L-enantiomers pack separately in the opposite halves of the bilayer and are conformationally related by mirror symmetry. The hydrocarbon chains adopt the triclinic (T parallel) chain packing mode and are tilted by 55 degrees with respect to the layer normal. The phosphate groups are linked by one of the sodium ions to tightly packed rows. Between these rows the second sodium ion and the two water molecules of hydration are accommodated forming an extensive network of hydrogen, ionic and coordination bonds. The two sodium ions are positioned 1 A below and above the plane defined by the centres of gravity of the phosphate charges. The phosphate group and its 4 ligands thus pack effectively with a small cross-sectional area in the layer plane of 33.6 A2. AUPascher I; Sundell S EM8601 SOChem Phys Lipids (Netherlands), Jun-Jul 1985, 37(3) p241-50 MJMembrane Lipids; Phosphatidic Acids MNChemistry, Physical; Crystallization; Molecular Conformation MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.- (Phospholipases); EC 3.1.1.- (Phospholipases A); 53892-41-4 (dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine) IS0009-3084 LAEnglish JCCZW SBM UI86002561 TID-dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine is not a pure competitive inhibitor of phospholipase A2 hydrolysis of L-dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine. ABThe inhibition of Crotalus adamanteus phospholipase A2 hydrolysis of L-dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine by D-dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine was investigated with inhibitor and substrate in the monomeric concentration range. The results showed that the D-enantiomer acts as a partial (not pure) competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. These results suggest that an ESI complex exists, in which hydrolysis of the substrate still occurs. Thus, binding of the D-enantiomer to the enzyme decreases the affinity for the substrate by a factor, alpha, while Vmax is unaffected. The value of alpha was determined to be 4.70 +/- 0.14. These findings complicate the use of D-phosphatidylcholines in mixed micelles with the L-enantiomer as a possible method to investigate the mechanism of interfacial activation of this enzyme. AUKanda P; Wells MA EM8601 SOChem Phys Lipids (Netherlands), Jun-Jul 1985, 37(3) p251-6 MJPhosphatidylcholines /PD; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases MNCrotalid Venoms /AN; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Phosphatidylcholines /ME; Stereoisomers MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN7440-02-0 (Nickel) IS0009-3084 LAEnglish JCCZW SBM UI86002563 TITopological distribution of bovine serum albumin in multilamellar and unilamellar liposomes. ABThe topological distribution of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in multilamellar vesicles (MLV) and unilamellar vesicles (ULV) composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (DML)/cholesterol (molar ratio, 3:1) was studied by ESR using hydrophobic spin-labelled lecithins and hydrophilic Tempocholine. A spin-labelled BSA was also prepared, characterized and used as a probe. Results with hydrophobic spin-labelled lecithin probes showed no significant phospholipid-albumin interaction, indicating the virtual absence of albumin from the phospholipid bilayer of MLV and ULV. Reduction with L-ascorbic acid showed that MLV contained about 50% and ULV 90% of spin-labelled albumin on the surface. The distribution of Tempocholine in MLV and ULV was similar to that of entrapped BSA. These findings were confirmed by results using liposomes treated with nickel which broadened the ESR spectra of probes on the surface of vesicles. This study and our previous work suggest that the immunoadjuvant effect of liposomes can be mediated by surface antigens and can be maximized by preferential surface distribution as in ULV-associated BSA. AUYung B; Shek PN; Stanacev NZ EM8601 SOChem Phys Lipids (Netherlands), Jun-Jul 1985, 37(3) p283-95 MJLiposomes; Serum Albumin, Bovine MNCattle; Chemistry; Electron Spin Resonance; Nickel /AN; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphatidylcholines /AN; Thermodynamics MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-3084 LAEnglish JCCZW SBM UI86002564 TIPreparation of functional group analogs of unsaturated fatty acids and their effects on the circadian rhythm of a fatty-acid-deficient mutant of Neurospora crassa. ABFunctional group analogs of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were prepared by coverting their double bonds to dibromo, cyclopropyl, epoxy, methoxy, and, in the case of oleic acid, hydroxy groups. These compounds were supplemented to the bd csp cel strain of the mold Neurospora crassa. The cel mutation confers a partial requirement for saturated fatty acids and, also, perturbs the circadian rhythm of spore formation. For example, the period of bd csp cel's rhythm is dramatically lengthened upon supplementation by natural cis-unsaturated fatty acids. Of the analogs tested, only the monoepoxy, monomethoxy, dibromo, and hexabromo stearic acids gave significant period lengthening. Other analogs, which should have comparable abilities to disrupt lipid bilayer packing, gave no rhythm effect. Further, the inactive di- and tri-methoxystearic acid analogs were incorporated to a greater extent than the active mono-methoxystearic acid. The results do not, therefore, support a direct alteration in membrane ╥fluidity' as the mode of action of the period-lengthening fatty acids. AUMattern DL EM8601 IDGM 32572; GM 05898 SOChem Phys Lipids (Netherlands), Jun-Jul 1985, 37(3) p297-306 MJCircadian Rhythm; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated /PD; Neurospora Crassa; Neurospora MNChemistry; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated /CS; Fatty Acids /ME; Mutation; Neurospora Crassa /GE /ME MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0180-5738 LAFrench JCC0A SBM UI86002565 TI[Cervical tumors of thymic origin in children] ABCervical tumors of thymic origin are exceptional and can be either cystic or solid. The embryogenesis of the thymic gland explains the cervical location of these tumors. The authors present two cases in which the clinical picture was limited to cervical masses with very few symptoms. Treatment consisted of surgical removal. Subsequent course was uneventful without any immunological deficit or myasthenia. AUVanneuville G; Mondie JM; Marouby D; Dechelotte P; Tanguy A; Dauplat J TT[Tumeurs cervicales d'origine thymique chez l'enfant.] EM8601 SOChir Pediatr (France), 1985, 26(2) p104-6 MJChoristoma; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Mediastinal Cyst; Thymus Gland MNChild; Choristoma /PA; Head and Neck Neoplasms /PA; Mediastinal Cyst /EM; Thymus Gland /EM MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0180-5738 LAFrench JCC0A SBM UI86002566 TI[A new case of non-secreting adrenocortical tumor in a child] ABAdrenocortical tumors are very rare, especially in their non secretory form. A 15 years old boy was hospitalized for evolutive fever since 6 weeks associated with asthenia and abdominal pain. Infections hematological, neurological and system diseases were eliminated. Abdominal ultrasonography reveal a poly-lobular mass adherent to the spleen and the posterior wall of the stomach. This is confirmed by fibroscopy and barium swallow. Abdominal scanner and scintigraphy did not give any new etiological argument. X Ray thorax is normal. Laparotomy reveals a retro-gastric mass adherent by its superior extremity to the spleen. A complete excision is done. The pathological examination shows all the histologic features of adrenocortical carcinoma. Its extension to the spleen grade this tumour with a height malignancy. No chemotherapy was undertaken, only a clinical, ultrasound and radiography observation with a follow up of 13 months. AUCanarelli JP; Pautard JC; Pautard B; Tournade MF; Legraverend JM; Piussan C TT[A propos d'un nouveau cas de cortico-surrenalome non secretant chez l'enfant.] EM8601 SOChir Pediatr (France), 1985, 26(2) p107-8 MJAdrenal Cortex Neoplasms MNAdolescence; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms /RA /SU; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0180-5738 LAFrench JCC0A SBM UI86002567 TI[The surgical form of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome] ABThe hemolytic-uremic syndrome consist of micro-angiopathic hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, and thrombocytopenia following a prodromal illness of gastroenteritis. The syndrome can present in dramatic fashion with severe abdominal pain and signs of peritonitis suggesting an acute surgical crisis. In some cases, laparotomy is necessary, and we report a case with colectomy. AURavasse P; Mallet JF; Laurent J; Laschon MC; Richter B; Guillot M; Duhamel JF; Cloup M; Delmas P TT[Forme chirurgicale d'un syndrome hemolytique et uremique.] EM8601 SOChir Pediatr (France), 1985, 26(2) p109-11 MJHemolytic-Uremic Syndrome /SU MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Colectomy; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome /DI; Infant MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0180-5738 LAFrench JCC0A SBM UI86002568 TI[Laryngo-tracheo-esophageal cleft associated with missed atresia] ABLaryngo-tracheo-esophageal cleft (LTEC) is a rare malformation. Treatment is always surgical and still has uncertain results. One case of LTEC (type III), associated with a ╥missed atresia╙ of the esophagus is reported. The diagnosis of eso-tracheal, H-Type fistula was first suspected at birth before transfer of the baby to the neonatal surgery department where the diagnostic of long LTEC was established. Surgical repair was done through lateral cervicotomy and allowed complete cure of the eso-tracheal communication without tracheotomy. Barium swallowing, controlled on the eleventh post-operative day, showed a perfect result of the reconstruction and an underlying esophageal malformation, previously described as ╥missed atresia╙. The treatment of this second malformation was performed two months later by plain resection-anastomosis with excellent outcome at a one year follow up with no recurrent fistula nor GE reflux or laryngeal nerve palsy. To the best of our knowledge, this type of association has not been previously reported. AUHelardot PG ; Bargy F; Manach Y; Grapin C TT[Fente laryngo-tracheo-oesophagienne associee a une atresie manquee.] EM8601 SOChir Pediatr (France), 1985, 26(2) p112-3 MJAbnormalities, Multiple; Esophageal Atresia; Esophagus; Larynx; Trachea MNAbnormalities, Multiple /SU; Esophageal Atresia /DI /SU; Esophagus /SU; Infant, Newborn; Larynx /SU; Trachea /SU MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0180-5738 LAFrench JCC0A SBM UI86002569 TI[Ethical and legal problems posed by the prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities. Medical data] AUThoulon JM; Guibaud P; Mollard P TT[Problemes ethiques et juridiques poses par le diagnostic antenatal des malformations. Donnees medicales]] EM8601 SOChir Pediatr (France), 1985, 26(2) p57-61 MJAbnormalities; Abortion, Legal; Ethics, Medical; Legislation; Prenatal Diagnosis MNAbnormalities /TH; France; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human; Male IS0180-5738 LAFrench JCC0A SBM UI86002570 TI[Ethical problems posed by the prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities. The ethical problem] AUVerspieren P TT[Problemes ethiques poses par le diagnostic antenatal des malformations. Le probleme ethique.] EM8601 SOChir Pediatr (France), 1985, 26(2) p62-6 MJAbnormalities; Ethics, Medical; Prenatal Diagnosis MNAbnormalities /TH; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human; Male IS0180-5738 LAFrench JCC0A SBM UI86002571 TI[Ethical and legal problems posed by the prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities. Legal aspects] AUThouvenin D TT[Problemesethiques et juridiques poses par le diagnostic ante-natal des malformations. Aspects juridiques.] EM8601 SOChir Pediatr (France), 1985, 26(2) p67-75 MJAbnormalities; Abortion, Legal; Legislation; Prenatal Diagnosis MNEthics, Medical; France; Human Rights; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human; Male IS0180-5738 LAFrench JCC0A SBM UI86002572 TI[Hepatectomy in children using the trans-parenchymatous compressing suture as a hemostatic procedure] ABIntraoperative hemorrhage during hepatic veins approach or during liver parenchyma transsection is the major risk of liver resection for children. We report a technique for hepatic resection based upon facility of safe ligation or clamping of vessels and ductules on a bloodless cut surface during transsection. This technique limits risk of extensive hemorrhage or damage to residual parenchyma, without heavy procedures of anatomical resections. Particularities of liver tissues and capsula of children are used. Perfect hemostasis of the cut edge is obtained by mattress sutures on Silastic * straps performed after clamping with specially designed liver clamps. The 3 main interests of this clamping are detailed. 21 liver resections were performed on children ranging in age from 9 months to 11 years. There was one intra-operative death and one within 30 days. Total blood loss during procedure was about 1/3 blood mass. AUGruner M; Balquet P; Lissitzky T; Lupold M TT[Hepatectomie chez l'enfant en utilisant comme procede d'hemostase la suture appuyee trans-parenchymateuse.] EM8601 SOChir Pediatr (France), 1985, 26(2) p77-80 MJHemostatic Technics; Hepatectomy; Liver Neoplasms; Liver /IN MNChild; Hemorrhage /PC; Liver /BS /SU; Postoperative Complications; Suture Technics MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0180-5738 LAFrench JCC0A SBM UI86002573 TI[The calcium bile syndrome in children] ABThe ╥limy bile╙ is uncommon in adults and very exceptional in childhood. The authors report a new case of a 7 years old girl. The review of the literature since Churchman's description (1911) allowed to collect eleven other cases of children, less than fifteen old. The usual sexual distribution in biliary diseases with female predominance is not true for them: eight boys for four girls. The youngest was three years and six months old. All but one have presented mainly right upper abdominal pain and vomiting. The diagnosis was made by an abdominal plain film showing a spontaneous visualization of the gallbladder which contained a material made of carbonate of calcium. One was an operative detection. All presented a stone of neck of gallbladder or cystic duct. The origin of ╥limy bile╙ is unknown. Nine children have been operated (cholecystectomy) with good result. Spontaneous disappearance of ╥limy bile╙ was noted in three cases. It was marked by acute abdominal pain, inconstant jaundice or pancreatic reaction. No surgical care was brought with nor further problems or recurrence. AUCoupris L; Varlet F; Duverne C; Laumonier F; Alliot GM TT[Le syndrome de la bile calcique chez l'enfant.] EM8601 SOChir Pediatr (France), 1985, 26(2) p81-7 MJCholelithiasis MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Cholelithiasis /RA /SU; Remission, Spontaneous MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Case Report; Female; Human; Male IS0180-5738 LAFrench JCC0A SBM UI86002574 TI[Esophageal peristalsis and acid clearance. A study method] ABPeristaltic waves account for clearance of acid refluxed into the oesophagus, acting as a second anti-reflux barrier. We have developed a system combining oesophageal motor and pH studies. We use a three-lumen, constantly perfused, manometry probe attached to a pH microelectrode. Primary and secondary oesophageal waves are able to clear injected acid from the oesophagus, whilst non-propulsive tertiary waves do not raise pH back to normal levels. Children with severe GER have a high proportion of tertiary waves, and it is tempting to incriminate these motor disturbances as an important for their bad tolerance to GER. AUArana J; Tovar JA; Garay J TT[Le peristaltisme oesophagien et la ╥clearance╙ acide. Une methode d'etude.] EM8601 SOChir Pediatr (France), 1985, 26(2) p88-91 MJAcids; Esophagus /PH MNChild; Esophagus /AN; Gastroesophageal Reflux /PP; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Manometry /IS /MT; Peristalsis MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0180-5738 LAFrench JCC0A SBM UI86002575 TI[Surgical pulmonary biopsy in children] ABDuring the last 2 years an open lung biopsy was performed in 16 children aged from 2 to 14 years. Fourteen of these had a chemotherapeutic induced immunodeficiency and a radiological picture of diffuse pulmonary infiltrate. A definite diagnosis was established in 11 cases: 5 pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis, 2 CMV infections, 2 pneumocalcinosis, 1 neoplastic pulmonary lymphangitis and 1 staphylococcal infection. Three had a non-specific interstitial pneumonitis. In this series there was no post-operative death and the single complication was a wound infection. The tracheal tube could be removed within the hours following the intervention in 14 of the 16 children. The review of the recent literature suggests that the open lung biopsy is a safe and accurate way for the diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in pediatric immunocompromised patients. It is however a very invasive procedure and it is expectable that in the next year the bronchoalveolar lavage with a fiberoptic flexible bronchoscope will be systematically attempted prior to the open biopsy. AUGauthier F; Montupet P; Renouard C; Valayer J TT[Biopsie pulmonaire chirurgicale chez l'enfant.] EM8601 SOChir Pediatr (France), 1985, 26(2) p92-4 MJLung Diseases /PA; Lung MNAdolescence; Biopsy; Child, Preschool; Child; Intubation, Intratracheal; Lung Diseases /DI; Pneumonia /DI /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0180-5738 LAFrench JCC0A SBM UI86002576 TI[Principles of the surgical treatment of cloacal malformation. Apropos of 3 cases] ABThe persistent cloaca is one of the most complex and challenging developmental malformation. It is a rare anomaly occuring only in the female newborn and represented by the association of a urogenital sinus with an anorectal malformation. We report here three cases seen and recently treated in Montpellier (France) in the unit of visceral pediatric surgery (Pr J.G. Pous) between 1981 and 1983. A precise knowledge of normal embryology is very helpful in order to understand these complex anatomical situations. Every case is probably unique, but some main principles of management can be stressed. Neonatal loop colostomy is probably safer in most cases and can allow temporizing until the child is 6 months to 1 year of age. Interim management is often needed: intermittent catheterisation of the bladder and/or urine-filled vagina via the uro-genital sinus, avoiding urinary diversions, except possible temporary supra-pubic cystostomy. Definitive reconstruction is often a long and complex procedure, strictly dependent on absolutely thorough radio-endoscopic pre-operative investigations. It is vital to know exactly the length of the cloacal canal and of the urethra, because surgical reconstruction will vary according to the level at which the various structures converge. Cloacas represent a wide anatomic spectrum: as the severity of the defect increases, there is urogenital sinus with anterior anus (╥Near cloacal malformation╙), low and high confluence of all three systems. The goal of surgery is to perform in a single operation, the separation of the different conduits and to preserve all the sphincteric mechanisms for urinary-anal continence and genital functions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUGalifer RB; Chavrier Y; Viala JS TT[Principes du traitement chirurgical de la malformation cloacale. A propos de 3 cas.] EM8601 SOChir Pediatr (France), 1985, 26(2) p95-103 MJAbnormalities, Multiple /SU; Anus; Rectum; Urogenital System MNAbnormalities, Multiple /DI /EM; Anus /SU; Cloaca; Infant, Newborn; Methods; Rectum /SU; Urogenital System /SU MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human RN9008-18-8 (Keratin) IS0737-9587 LAEnglish JCC0H SBM UI86002578 TICytoskeleton-associated proteins: their role as cellular integrators in the neoplastic process. ABThe cytoskeleton (CSK) of eukaryotic cells is composed of a complex interconnected network of filaments which is important in a wide variety of cellular functions including changes in cell shape, cell motility, mitosis, anchorage-dependent growth, and the localization of cellular organelles such as mitochondria, polyribosomes, and secretory granules. The various proteins comprising the cytoskeleton include actin in microfilaments, tubulin in microtubules, and the heterogeneous group of intermediate filament proteins that are associated with different cell types (keratin in epithelial cells, vimentin in fibroblasts, desmin in muscle cells, glial filament protein in glial cells, and the neurofilament protein subunits in neural tissue). Many other proteins in glial cells, and the neurofilament protein subunits in neural tissue). Many other proteins are closely associated with the cytoskeleton and influence its organization. In neoplastic cells, the expression of these different CSK proteins, especially the intermediate filament proteins, reflects their morphologic and functional differentiation. The carcinomas contain keratin; identification of individual keratin components may allow further sub-classification of carcinomas which is consistent with their tissue of origin. The sarcomas of muscle origin contain desmin. Vimentin is found primarily with cells of mesenchymal origin, but may coexist with other intermediate filament proteins in other tumors. One example is the coexistence of keratin and vimentin in tumors, such as mesotheliomas, which are derived from epithelial cells of embryonic origin. Glial fibrillary acidic protein is the most specific marker for glial tumors. Tumors of neural origin are characterized by the presence of neurofilament subunits. Therefore, analysis of CSK composition would be useful in diagnosis of clinical specimens and aid in studies of lineage relationships of neoplasms. Although no consistent differences in cytoskeletal structure between neoplastic and normal cells have been identified so far, the presence of more subtle biochemical alterations in the cytoskeletal structure of neoplastic cells that contributes to malignant behavior has not been ruled out. Since the cytoskeletal network plays an important role in cell shape and cell locomotion, which in turn are thought to be involved in growth control, invasion, and metastasis, further work is directed at identifying the various alterations in cytoskeletal architecture that may influence the malignant behavior of neoplastic cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) AUBernal SD; Stahel RA EM8601 SOCRC Crit Rev Oncol Hematol (United States), 1985, 3(3) p191-204 MJCytoskeletal Proteins; Neoplasms /PA MNActins /PH; Astrocytes /ME; Carcinoma /ME; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cytoskeleton /PA; Desmin /PH; Epithelium /ME; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein /PH; Glioma /ME; Granulocytes /ME; Intermediate Filament Proteins /ME; Keratin /PH; Leukemia /ME; Lymphoma /ME; Macrophages /ME; Microfilaments /PA; Microtubules /PA; Molecular Weight; Muscles /ME; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms, Nervous Tissue /ME; Neoplasms /ME; Neurons /ME; Sarcoma /ME; Tissue Distribution; Vimentin /PH MCReview MTAnimal; Human RN147-94-4 (Cytarabine); 148-82-3 (Melphalan); 15663-27-1 (Cisplatin); 18883-66-4 (Streptozotocin); 23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil); 59-05-2 (Methotrexate) IS0737-9587 LAEnglish JCC0H SBM UI86002579 TIIntracavitary chemotherapy. ABPharmacokinetic modeling has suggested, and clinical investigations have confirmed, that intracavitary drug administration can result in a much greater drug exposure for the cavity into which the agent is instilled compared to the plasma. Both the safety and the efficacy of several agents administered individually or in combination have now been demonstrated. Several malignancies, in particular ovarian carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma, which remain confined to body cavities for much of their natural history, might be most rationally treated by the intracavitary treatment approach. Early clinical trials have demonstrated significant activity of intracavitary chemotherapy in both of these malignancies. Optimal drugs and dosages as well as appropriate scheduling for the various tumors involving body cavities remain to be defined. Whether or not combination intracavitary chemotherapy will significantly improve survival of patients with malignant disease confined to body cavities must await carefully controlled clinical trials comparing this treatment approach to standard systemically administered chemotherapy. AUMarkman M EM8601 SOCRC Crit Rev Oncol Hematol (United States), 1985, 3(3) p205-33 MJAntineoplastic Agents; Neoplasms MNAbsorption; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /AD /TU; Antineoplastic Agents /AE /BL /PD /TU; Ascitic Fluid /DT; Bacterial Infections /ET; Bleomycins /AD; Cisplatin /AD; Cytarabine /AD; Diffusion; Doxorubicin /AD; Drug Synergism; Fluorouracil /AD; Immunotherapy; Melphalan /AD; Methotrexate /AD; Mitomycins /AD; Neoplasms /PA /TH; Ovarian Neoplasms /DT; Peritoneal Cavity /DE /PA; Permeability; Pleural Effusion /DT; Pleura /DE /PA; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents /AD; Sclerosis; Streptozotocin /AD MCReview MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Human IS0379-8577 LAEnglish JCC1A UI86002581 TIRinging in the changes. The implications of the new regulations for the universities. AURobertson B EM8601 SOCurationis (South Africa), Jun 1985, 8(2) p13-5, 25 MJCurriculum; Education, Nursing; Universities MNRole; South Africa MTHuman IS0379-8577 LAEnglish JCC1A UI86002582 TIRinging in the changes. Implications of the new regulations for psychiatric health services. AUBruwer AM EM8601 SOCurationis (South Africa), Jun 1985, 8(2) p16-9 MJMental Health Services; Psychiatric Nursing /MA MNCommunity Mental Health Services /MA; Inservice Training; Psychiatric Nursing /ED; South Africa MTHuman IS0379-8577 LAAfrikaans JCC1A UI86002583 TI[Care of the mentally retarded child in the community] AUMoolman SJ TT[Verpleging van die geestesvertraagde kind in die gemeenskap.] EM8601 SOCurationis (South Africa), Jun 1985, 8(2) p20-2 MJCommunity Health Nursing; Education of Mentally Retarded; Mental Retardation MNChild, Preschool; Child; Parents /ED MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0379-8577 LAAfrikaans JCC1A UI86002584 TI[School nursing--an educational challenge] AUMoir AE TT[Skoolverpleging--'n voorligtingsuitdaging.] EM8601 SOCurationis (South Africa), Jun 1985, 8(2) p23-5 MJHealth Education; School Health Services; School Nursing MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Sex Education; South Africa MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0379-8577 LAEnglish JCC1A UI86002585 TIReports and memoranda. Communication techniques for effective management. AUParsons CR EM8601 SOCurationis (South Africa), Jun 1985, 8(2) p26-9 MJCommunication MNContinuity of Patient Care; Nursing Records; Writing MTHuman IS0379-8577 LAAfrikaans JCC1A UI86002586 TI[Clinical teaching: it is easier than you think] AUCoetzee H; van Aardt S; Venter A TT[Kliniese onderrig: dis makliker as wat u dink ] EM8601 SOCurationis (South Africa), Jun 1985, 8(2) p30-2 MJNursing Care; Teaching MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0379-8577 LAAfrikaans JCC1A UI86002587 TI[Suffering] AUde Villiers F TT[Lyding.] EM8601 SOCurationis (South Africa), Jun 1985, 8(2) p33-5, 43 MJAdaptation, Psychological; Anxiety; Empathy; Pain MNNurse-Patient Relations; Pastoral Care MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0379-8577 LAEnglish JCC1A UI86002588 TISpina bifida: a descriptive research study. AUBonnes DL EM8601 SOCurationis (South Africa), Jun 1985, 8(2) p36-43 MJMeningomyelocele /EM; Spina Bifida /EM MNChild; Meningomyelocele /DI /TH; Spina Bifida /DI /TH MTHuman IS0379-8577 LAEnglish JCC1A UI86002589 TINursing is the concern of all citizens (Sr. Henrietta Stockdale). AUSearle C PSStockdale H EM8601 SOCurationis (South Africa), Jun 1985, 8(2) p4-8 MJEducation, Nursing /TD; Nursing MNEducation, Nursing /HI; History of Medicine, 19th Cent.; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; History of Nursing; South Africa MCCurrent Biog-Obit; Historical Article MTHuman IS0379-8577 LAAfrikaans JCC1A UI86002590 TI[A study of factors related to contraceptive dropout: colored women in the metropolitan area of Capetown] AUStrydom M TT['N ondersoek na faktore wat met kontraseptiewe staking verband hou: kleurlingvroue in die metropolitaanse gebied Van kaapstad.] EM8601 SOCurationis (South Africa), Jun 1985, 8(2) p44-6, 56 MJBlacks; Contraceptives, Oral; Family Planning; Patient Dropouts MNAdult; Contraceptives, Oral /AE; South Africa; Urban Population MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human IS0379-8577 LAEnglish JCC1A UI86002591 TIPredictors of student nurse performance. AUMearns PC EM8601 SOCurationis (South Africa), Jun 1985, 8(2) p47-9 MJClinical Competence; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate MNPersonality; Probability; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Student Dropouts MTHuman IS0379-8577 LAAfrikaans JCC1A UI86002592 TI[Computers in nursing. 4. A computer-assisted staffing list] AUCoetsee M TT[Rekenaars in verpleegkunde-Deel 4. 'n Rekenaargesteunde wissellys.] EM8601 SOCurationis (South Africa), Jun 1985, 8(2) p50-6 MJComputers; Nursing Service, Hospital /OG; Personnel Management; Personnel Staffing and Scheduling MNCosts and Cost Analysis; Nursing Service, Hospital /EC MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0379-8577 LAEnglish JCC1A UI86002593 TIRinging in the changes. The implications of the new regulations for the colleges. AUPaverd NV EM8601 SOCurationis (South Africa), Jun 1985, 8(2) p9-12, 19 MJEducation, Nursing; Schools, Nursing MNAttitude of Health Personnel; Curriculum; Education, Nursing /ST; South Africa; Teaching /MT MTHuman IS0037-9247 LAFrench JCC5X UI86002594 TI[Frequency of congenital abnormalities in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Apropos of 7015 births occurring from 1980 to 1982] AUHansen-Koenig D; De Wals P TT[Frequence des anomalies congenitales au Grand-Guche de Luxembourg. A propos de 7015 naissances survenues de 1980 a 1982.] EM8601 SOBull Soc Sci Med Grand Duche Luxemb (Luxembourg), 1985, 122(1) p11-7 MJAbnormalities /OC MNAbnormalities /CL; Belgium; France; Infant, Newborn; Luxembourg; Registries MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN2447-57-6 (Sulfadoxine); 37338-39-9 (fansidar); 54-05-7 (Chloroquine); 58-14-0 (Pyrimethamine) IS0037-9247 LAFrench JCC5X UI86002595 TI[Malaria in 1985: new recommendations] AUHemmer R TT[La malaria en 1985: nouvelles recommandations.] EM8601 SOBull Soc Sci Med Grand Duche Luxemb (Luxembourg), 1985, 122(1) p19-20 MJChloroquine; Malaria; Pyrimethamine; Sulfadoxine; Sulfanilamides MNAfrica; Asia; Drug Combinations /TU; South America MTHuman IS0037-9247 LAFrench JCC5X UI86002596 TI[Anatomic basis of x-ray computed tomography of the heart and coronary arteries] AUKurdziel JC; Dondelinger R; Renard M TT[Bases anatomiques de l'exploration scanographique du coeur et des arteres coronaires.] EM8601 SOBull Soc Sci Med Grand Duche Luxemb (Luxembourg), 1985, 122(1) p21-40 MJCoronary Vessels /RA; Heart /RA; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MNCoronary Vessels /AH; Heart /AH; Pericardium /AH /RA; Pulmonary Artery /AH /RA MTHuman IS0037-9247 LAFrench JCC5X UI86002597 TI[Coronary aneurysmal disease] AUSchneider R TT[La maladie anevrysmale des coronaires.] EM8601 SOBull Soc Sci Med Grand Duche Luxemb (Luxembourg), 1985, 122(1) p45-61 MJAneurysm; Coronary Disease MNAdult; Aneurysm /ET /TH; Coronary Disease /ET /TH; Electrocardiography; Middle Age; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0037-9247 LAEnglish JCC5X UI86002598 TIBone marrow purging from malignant cells. AUDicato M; Heiser D; Kadusch L EM8601 SOBull Soc Sci Med Grand Duche Luxemb (Luxembourg), 1985, 122(1) p5-7 MJBone Marrow /TR; Cell Separation MNBone Marrow /DE /PA; Immunologic Technics; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic /TH; Neoplasms /TH MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0037-9247 LAFrench JCC5X UI86002599 TI[How to protect the traveler against malaria in 1985 (letter)] AUFox E TT[Comment proteger le voyageur contre la malaria en 1985.] EM8601 SOBull Soc Sci Med Grand Duche Luxemb (Luxembourg), 1985, 122(1) p63-4 MJMalaria; Travel MNAfrica, Central; India; Pakistan MTHuman IS0037-9247 LAGerman JCC5X UI86002600 TI[Genetic polymorphism of drug metabolism: therapeutic implications] AUEichelbaum M TT[Genetische Polymorphismen des Arzneimittelstoffwechsels: therapeutische Implikationen.] EM8601 SOBull Soc Sci Med Grand Duche Luxemb (Luxembourg), 1985, 122(1) p9-10 MJDrugs; Polymorphism (Genetics); Receptors, Drug MNMetabolism, Inborn Errors; Pharmacogenetics MTHuman IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002601 TIAmoebiasis and its control. AUDavis A; Pawlowski ZS EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p417-26 MJAmebiasis; Entamoebiasis /PC MNEntamoebiasis /DI /DT /OC MTHuman IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002602 TIPrevention and control of herpesvirus diseases. Part 2. Epidemiology and immunology. EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p427-44 MJHerpesvirus Infections /OC MNChickenpox /IM /OC /PC; Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease /IM /OC /PC; Herpes Simplex /IM /OC /PC; Herpesvirus Infections /IM /PC MTHuman IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002603 TIRecombinant vaccinia viruses as live virus vectors for vaccine antigens: memorandum from a WHO/USPHS/NIBSC meeting. EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p471-7 MJAntigens, Viral; DNA, Recombinant; Vaccinia Virus; Viral Vaccines MNVaccination; Varicella-Zoster Virus /IM MTAnimal; Human IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002604 TINew approaches to vaccine development: memorandum from a WHO meeting. EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p479-84 MJVaccination; Vaccines MNBacterial Vaccines /AD /IM; Parasitic Diseases /PC; Vaccines /IM; Viral Vaccines /AD /IM MTHuman RN6533-00-2 (Norgestrel); 797-63-7 (levonorgestrel) IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002605 TIFacts about an implantable contraceptive: memorandum from a WHO meeting. EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p485-94 MJContraceptive Agents; Norgestrel MNContraceptive Agents /PD /TO; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined /AD /PD /TO; Drug Implants; Genitalia, Female /DE; Norgestrel /PD /TO; Reproduction /DE; Silicone Elastomers /AD /PD /TO MTAnimal; Female; Human RN1172-82-3 (medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate); 520-85-4 (Medroxyprogesterone) IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002606 TIInvasive cervical cancer and depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate. WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives. AUThomas DB; Noonan L; Whitehead A; Roseman D EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p505-11 MJCervix Neoplasms; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Medroxyprogesterone MNCervix Neoplasms /OC; Delayed-Action Preparations; Medroxyprogesterone /AE; Mexico; Risk; Thailand MTComparative Study; Female; Human RN1172-82-3 (medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate); 520-85-4 (Medroxyprogesterone) IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002607 TIBreast cancer and depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate. WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives. AUThomas DB; Noonan L; Whitehead A EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p513-9 MJBreast Neoplasms; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Medroxyprogesterone MNBreast Neoplasms /OC; Delayed-Action Preparations; Kenya; Medroxyprogesterone /AE; Mexico; Risk; Thailand MTComparative Study; Female; Human IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002608 TIKuwait nutritional survey: comparison of the nutritional status of Kuwaiti children aged 0-5 years with the NCHS/CDC reference population. AUBayoumi A; Moussa MA EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p521-6 MJChild Nutrition; Infant Nutrition; Nutrition Surveys MNChild, Preschool; Infant; Kuwait MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0042-9686 LAFrench JCC80 UI86002609 TI[Rural epidemic of yellow fever with interhuman transmission in the Ivory Coast in 1982] AULhuillier M; Sarthou JL; Cordellier R; Gershy-Damet GM; MOnteny N; Bouchite B; Calen P TT[Epidemie rurale de fievre jaune avec transmission interhumaine en Cote d'Ivoire en 1982.] EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p527-36 MJDisease Outbreaks; Yellow Fever MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Ivory Coast; Middle Age; Rural Health; Yellow Fever /TM MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002610 TIAntigenic characterization of influenza A (H1N1) viruses recently isolated from pigs and turkeys in France. AUAymard M; Douglas AR; Fontaine M; Gourreau JM; Kaiser C; Million J; Skehel JJ EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p537-42 MJAntigens, Viral; Orthomyxovirus Type A, Avian; Orthomyxovirus Type A, Porcine; Orthomyxoviruses Type A; Swine; Turkeys MNFrance; Orthomyxovirus Type A, Avian /IP; Orthomyxovirus Type A, Porcine /IP MTAnimal IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002611 TILyophilized combination pools of enterovirus equine antisera: new LBM pools prepared from reserves of antisera stored frozen for two decades. AUMelnick JL; Wimberly IL EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p543-50 MJEnteroviruses; Immune Sera; Preservation, Biological MNFreezing; Horses /IM; Time Factors MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002612 TIThe unchanging epidemiology and toll of measles in Burma. AUChin J; Thaung UM EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p551-8 MJMeasles /OC MNBurma; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Measles /MO MTFemale; Human; Male IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002613 TIThe ecology of trachoma: an epidemiological study in southern Mexico. AUTaylor HR; Velasco FM; Sommer A EM8601 IDEY01765 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p559-67 MJTrachoma MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Ecology; Infant; Mexico; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002614 TIInterventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: rotavirus and cholera immunization. AUde Zoysa I; Feachem RG EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p569-83 MJCholera Vaccine; Developing Countries; Diarrhea /PC; Immunization; Rotavirus Infections /PC; Viral Vaccines MNBangladesh; Child, Preschool; Child; Diarrhea /MI /MO; Infant; Rotavirus Infections /MO MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN2447-57-6 (Sulfadoxine); 58-14-0 (Pyrimethamine) IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002615 TIDevelopment of an in vitro microtest for determining the susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine: laboratory investigations and field studies in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. AUNguyen-Dinh P; Payne D; Teklehaimanot A; Zevallos-Ipenza A; Day MM; Duverseau YT EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p585-92 MJMalaria; Plasmodium Falciparum; Pyrimethamine /PD; Sulfadoxine /PD; Sulfanilamides MNDrug Combinations; Haiti; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pyrimethamine /AD /TU; Sulfadoxine /AD /TU MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN54-05-7 (Chloroquine) IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002616 TIIn vitro response of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in the Nandi district, Kenya. AUMasaba SC; Anyona DB; Chepkwoni DK EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p593-5 MJChloroquine; Plasmodium Falciparum MNKenya; Microbial Sensitivity Tests MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN150-13-0 (p-Aminobenzoic Acid); 2447-57-6 (Sulfadoxine); 37338-39-9 (fansidar); 58-14-0 (Pyrimethamine) IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002617 TIIn vitro susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum collected from pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine sensitive and resistant areas in Thailand. AUSabchareon A; Chongsuphajaisiddhi T; Attanath P; Kanjanapipatkul K; Doberstyn EB; Suebsaeng L EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p597-602 MJPlasmodium Falciparum; Pyrimethamine; Sulfadoxine; Sulfanilamides MNDrug Combinations /PD /TU; Malaria /BL /DT; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pyrimethamine /TU; Sulfadoxine /TU; Thailand; p-Aminobenzoic Acid /BL MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN130-95-0 (Quinine); 2447-57-6 (Sulfadoxine); 37338-39-9 (fansidar); 49752-90-1 (mefloquine); 58-14-0 (Pyrimethamine) IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002618 TIAn open, randomized, phase III clinical trial of mefloquine and of quinine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in the treatment of symptomatic falciparum malaria in Brazil. AUde Souza JM; Sheth UK; de Oliveira RM; Roulet H; de Souza SD EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p603-9 MJMalaria; Pyrimethamine; Quinine; Quinolines; Sulfadoxine; Sulfanilamides MNAdolescence; Adult; Brazil; Clinical Trials; Drug Combinations /TU; Middle Age; Plasmodium Falciparum; Random Allocation MTComparative Study; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN2447-57-6 (Sulfadoxine); 37338-39-9 (fansidar); 54-05-7 (Chloroquine); 58-14-0 (Pyrimethamine); 63968-64-9 (artemisinine); 71939-51-0 (artemether) IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002620 TISusceptibility of Thai isolates of Plasmodium falciparum to artemisinine (qinghaosu) and artemether. AUThaithong S; Beale GH EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p617-9 MJPlasmodium Falciparum; Pyrans; Sesquiterpenes MNChloroquine /PD; Drug Combinations /PD; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pyrimethamine /PD; Sulfadoxine /PD; Thailand MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0042-9686 LAEnglish JCC80 UI86002621 TIThe continued introduction of intermediate host snails of Schistosoma mansoni into Hong Kong. AUWoodruff DS; Mulvey M; Yipp MW EM8601 SOBull WHO (Switzerland), 1985, 63(3) p621-2 MJBiomphalaria; Schistosomiasis Mansoni MNHong Kong MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RNEC 1.13. (Oxygenases); EC 1.13.12. (Mixed Function Oxidases); EC 1.14.13.- (7-ethoxycoumarin O-dealkylase); EC 1.14.14.- (Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases); EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferases); 476-66-4 (Ellagic Acid); 50-32-8 (Benzo(a); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002623 TIEffect of ellagic acid on hepatic and pulmonary xenobiotic metabolism in mice: studies on the mechanism of its anticarcinogenic action. ABOur recent studies have shown that ellagic acid, a naturally occurring dietary plant phenol, protects BALB/c mice against 3-methylcholanthrene-induced skin tumorigenesis. To further elucidate the mechanism of the antineoplastic action of ellagic acid its effect on hepatic and pulmonary benzo[a]pyrene (BP) metabolism, cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases and glutathione S-transferase activities were studied in BALB/c mice. Chronic oral feeding of the compound in drinking water (0.3 mg/l for 16 weeks) or acute intraperitoneal administration (50 mg/kg for five consecutive days) of ellagic acid resulted in 20-25% decreases in hepatic and pulmonary cytochrome P-450 levels. Hepatic and pulmonary aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities in both groups of ellagic acid-treated animals were 33-52% and 28-43% lower than their respective non-ellagic acid-treated controls. Hepatic as well as pulmonary aminopyrine N-demethylase and epoxide hydrolase activities were unchanged in both groups of ellagic acid-treated mice. Hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity towards BP-4,5-oxide or 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrates was found to be enhanced 51-79% and 38-58% in both groups of animals. H.p.l.c. analysis of organic solvent-soluble metabolites of BP by liver and lung microsomes indicated a substantial inhibition of diol formation (including BP-7,8-diol), as well as of phenols and quinones. In liver, these inhibitory effects were more pronounced after oral feeding than after intraperitoneal administration. Our results indicate that both acute and chronic administration of ellagic acid inhibits BP metabolism and/or enhances glutathione S-transferase activity. Thus the modulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism by ellagic acid may be related to the anticarcinogenic effects of this compound. AUDas M; Bickers DR; Mukhtar H EM8601 IDCA 38028; EA 1900 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1409-13 MJAryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Benzopyrans; Biotransformation; Carcinogens; Cytochrome P-450; Ellagic Acid; Lung; Microsomes, Liver MNBenzo(a)pyrene /ME; Glutathione Transferases /ME; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Mixed Function Oxidases /ME; Oxygenases /ME MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.13.12. (Mixed Function Oxidases); 153-78-6 (2-aminofluorene); 302-33-0 (Proadifen); 50-06-6 (Phenobarbital); 53-96-3 (2-Acetylaminofluorene); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002624 TICharacterization of a microsomal fraction from rat small intestine for metabolic activation of some promutagens. ABRat small intestine possesses cytochrome P-450 mixed function oxidase activity and is thus potentially capable of activating procarcinogens during absorption. The low spontaneous tumour incidence at this site may be due partially to the detoxification activity of the intestinal mucosa. To study the contribution of the intestine to the metabolism of foreign chemicals, microsomes have been obtained from rat small intestine by a procedure facilitating recovery of preparations with consistently high enzyme activities and abilities to activate some selected promutagens in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Intestinal microsomes from animals with and without pretreatment with inducers have been used for investigations of biochemical properties and ability to activate several mutagens in the Salmonella plate incorporation assay. The effects of microsomal protein concentration and inhibitors were also studied. The results are compared with data obtained using liver microsomes from the same animals. Despite the induction of lower numbers of revertants, intestinal microsomes were at least as efficient as liver preparations for the activation of all the promutagens used when the data were corrected for cytochrome P-450 contents. Differences in dose-response curves for certain mutagens using liver and intestinal microsomes are discussed in relation to variation in metabolism of promutagens. Activation was linearly dependent on microsomal protein concentration, for both liver and small intestinal microsomes. The intestine was generally less susceptible to the effects of cytochrome P-450 and P-448 inducers, although sensitivity to orally administered phenobarbitone was increased by extending treatment times. SKF525A and beta-naphthoflavone inhibited microsomes from both sources, equal inhibition being observed for each type following incorporation of the inhibitor, although they differed in their ability to activate 2-acetylaminofluorene in the presence of the deacylase inhibitor, NaF. The data are discussed in relation to the possible role of the small intestine in metabolic activation in vivo and the utility of microsomes therefrom for the in vitro detection of putative dietary carcinogens. AUWalters JM; Combes RD EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1415-20 MJCytochrome P-450; Intestine, Small; Mixed Function Oxidases; Mutagens MN2-Acetylaminofluorene /ME; Biotransformation; Fluorenes /ME; Microsomes /EN; Mutagenicity Tests; Phenobarbital /PD; Proadifen /PD; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002626 TIThe toxic response of preneoplastic rat tracheal epithelial cells to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. ABThe purpose of our studies was to examine the effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on survival, proliferation, and differentiation of normal and preneoplastic rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells. Normal RTE cells obtained from 8-week-old rats were plated into medium containing TPA at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 ng/ml. A dose-related increase in colony-forming efficiency (CFE) was observed at concentrations above 0.1 ng/ml. At 100 ng/ml the CFE was increased 5-fold above that observed in controls. Similar studies were carried out with immortal, preneoplastic RTE cells derived from carcinogen-exposed primary cultures. Upon exposure to 10 ng/ml of TPA, 9 out of 11 cell lines showed a marked decrease in CFE ranging from a 70 to a greater than 99% reduction. Two out of 11 cell lines showed only a minor reduction in CFE at this TPA concentration. Teleocidin B was as potent as TPA in causing inhibition of CFE in preneoplastic RTE cells; the potency of 4-O-methyl TPA was approximately 1/100 that of TPA and phorbol was virtually inactive. Further studies suggested that inhibition of clonal growth of the preneoplastic tracheal cells by TPA was due to rapid cell death. As early as 2 h after addition of TPA to the cultures, a loss of viable cells from the cultures as well as a reduction in CFE was observed. Morphological studies support the interpretation that a large number of cells was severely damaged within 2--4 h after TPA exposure. The formation of cross-linked envelopes (CLE), a measure of keratinocyte differentiation, was determined in cultures of preneoplastic RTE cells. TPA caused only minor increases in CLE formation indicating that the cells were not dying from TPA-induced terminal keratinocyte differentiation, but rather from TPA toxicity. Thus, preneoplastic RTE cells respond differently to TPA from normal RTE cells and also from normal and transformed keratinocytes of various origins. The role of TPA toxicity in promoting preneoplastic RTE cells to the neoplastic state is being investigated. AUNettesheim P; Gray T; Barrett JC EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1427-34 MJCell Transformation, Neoplastic; Phorbols; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Trachea MNCell Differentiation /DE; Cell Division /DE; Cell Line; Cell Survival /DE; Cells, Cultured; Rats; Trachea /DE MTAnimal; Male RN0 (differentiation antigens, T lymphocyte); 34807-41-5 (mezerein) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002627 TIChanges in a T-cell subpopulation marker induced by tumor-promoting phorbol esters. ABWe observed a significant reduction in one specific T-cell rosetting marker after treatment of bovine lymph node lymphocytes with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). There was a dose-dependent reduction in the formation of neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocyte rosettes (En), but not aminoethylisothiouronium bromide-treated sheep rosettes (Ea) after as little as 10 min of incubation with TPA. A maximum of approximately 50% reduction was reached after 1 h. When several phorbol esters and mezerien were tested, we found that the reduction in En rosetting induced by the compounds correlated with their in vivo tumor-promoting activity. The reduction in En rosetting appears to be approximately 50% reversible for up to 6 h of treatment with TPA when the cells were incubated in TPA-free medium for an additional 24 h, but it was irreversible after at least 12 h of treatment. Addition of the tumor promoters directly to the rosetting assay had no detectable effect on the sheep erythrocytes or the percentage of Ea rosettes. This specific change in En rosetting marker may represent the maturation of a T-cell subpopulation to T-suppressor cells in the presence of tumor-promoting phorbol esters. AUHurley DJ; Mastro AM EM8601 IDCA24385; CA00705 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1435-40 MJCarcinogens; Rosette Formation; T Lymphocytes MNAntigens, Surface /AN; Cattle; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Kinetics; Lymph Nodes /CY; T Lymphocytes /IM; Terpenes /PD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate); 37691-11-5 (Antipain); 9076-44-2 (chymostatin) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002628 TIThe conditions for the modification of radiation transformation in vitro by a tumor promoter and protease inhibitors. ABThese experiments were designed to define the conditions necessary for the modification of radiation-induced transformation in C3H/10T1/2 cells by TPA and protease inhibitors. The results show that: (i) the lowest effective dose of various protease inhibitors to suppress transformation in vitro varies over several orders of magnitude; on a molar basis, the inhibitors of chymotrypsin appear to be the most effective protease inhibitors at suppression of radiation-induced transformation in vitro, (ii) the protease inhibitors antipain and the Bowman-Birk (soybean) protease inhibitor have no effect on radiation transformation when present only during irradiation, (iii) the protease inhibitor antipain can suppress radiation transformation in vitro when applied to proliferating ╥initiated' cells as late as 10 days and 13 cell divisions post-irradiation, and (iv) TPA treatment following a 10-day protease inhibitor (anti-pain) exposure of X-irradiated ╥initiated' cells does not lead to promotion in vitro. These results suggest that protease inhibitor treatment of the initiated cells has irreversibly reverted cells to their original or ╥uninitiated' condition which existed before irradiation. AUKennedy AR EM8601 ID22704; ES 00002 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1441-5 MJCell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cocarcinogenesis; Phorbols; Protease Inhibitors; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate MNAntipain /PD; Cell Division; Cell Line; Mice; Oligopeptides /PD; Time Factors; X-Rays MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002629 TITumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced chromosome aberrations in mouse keratinocyte cell lines: a possible genetic mechanism of tumor promotion. ABThe effect of the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the induction of numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations, double minute chromosomes (DM) and homogeneously staining regions (HSR) was investigated in two mouse keratinocyte cell lines (HEL-30 and HEL-37) using G- and C-banded chromosomal preparations. The frequency of polyploid metaphases and of structural aberrations increased several fold during the first two cell cycles. The increase of gaps, chromatid and isochromatid breaks was accompanied by inter- and intrachromosomal exchanges, which were virtually absent in control cultures. The induction of chromosomal aberrations was similarly expressed in both cell lines at different passage levels and was largely independent of the TPA dose applied (10(-9) - 10(-6) M). The non-promoting phorbolester 4-O-methyl-TPA (10(-6) M) did not produce any chromosomal aberrations above the control level. Effects were already visible within one cell cycle (24 h) after treatment and increased with longer and multiple exposure. Moreover, the TPA-induced chromosomal aberrations persisted for several days after elimination of the promoter and further cultivation of cells in fresh medium. Structural alterations were not randomly distributed but chromosomes 1 and 2 were preferentially involved in breaks, while chromosomes 1-3 and 9-13 were mainly involved in chromosomal exchanges. Chromosomes 7 and 14, which are numerically underrepresented in HEL cells, were least involved in breaks. Most interesting, the frequency of metaphases carrying DMs increased 2- to 3-fold after TPA treatment, and the alterations were partially reversible after removal of TPA. These early effects of TPA at the chromosomal level could play an essential role in the mechanism of tumor promotion and may be responsible for the observed persistence of alterations induced during the first stage of tumor promotion. AUDzarlieva-Petrusevska RT ; Fusenig NE EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1447-56 MJChromosome Aberrations; Cocarcinogenesis; Epidermis /DE; Phorbols; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate MNCell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epidermis /CY; Gene Amplification /DE; Karyotyping; Mice; Phorbol Esters /PD; Structure-Activity Relationship MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN60-57-1 (Dieldrin) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002630 TIQuantitative aspects of enhanced liver tumour formation in CF-1 mice by dieldrin. ABThe dose-response characteristics of dieldrin-mediated enhancement of liver tumour formation in CF-1 mice were analysed, using existing tumour data from chronic feeding studies at six levels of continuous exposure, involving a total of greater than 1500 animals. The dose-response relationship can be expressed as: Dx X Tx = D0 X T0 = constant, where T0 = the median liver tumour induction period in control CF-1 mice, Tx = the median liver tumour induction period in dieldrin-treated mice at a dose level Dx, D0 = the background dose equivalent for the induction of 'spontaneous' liver tumours, Dx = the sum of background dose (D0) and actual dieldrin dose (delta x). The relationship, which is a Druckrey equation (D X Tn = constant) where n = 1, indicates that: (i) the velocity of liver tumour development is proportional to the daily dose level (Dx), (ii) the total tumourigenic dose is constant across all doses, (iii) the effects of dieldrin on the neoplastic process in mouse liver are essentially irreversible and cumulative, and (iv) there is no evidence for a threshold level. However, when delta x much less than D0, the actual contribution of dieldrin to tumour formation is expected to be negligible. AUTennekes H; van Ravenzwaay B; Kunz HW EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1457-62 MJDieldrin; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Liver Neoplasms MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Mice MTAnimal RN8021-39-4 (Creosote) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002631 TIToxic chemicals in sediments and biota from a creosote-polluted harbor: relationships with hepatic neoplasms and other hepatic lesions in English sole (Parophrys vetulus). ABHigh prevalences of idiopathic hepatic lesions, including neoplasms (e.g., hepatocellular carcinomas, cholangiocellular carcinomas) (27%, 20 of 75 fish) and foci of cellular alteration (putative 'preneoplastic' lesions) (44%, 33 of 75 fish), were found in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) exposed to creosote-contaminated sediments in Eagle Harbor, Puget Sound, WA. Sediments from the contaminated region of the harbor contained particularly high concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene and benz[a]anthracene), and a variety of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds (e.g., carbazole and acridine). The composition of the aromatic compounds was characteristic of creosote. Dramatically lower concentrations of aromatic compounds were found in sediments from a reference site in which the bottom-dwelling fish examined were free of detectable neoplastic or 'preneoplastic' hepatic lesions. Food organisms in the stomachs of the English sole from Eagle Harbor contained substantially higher concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons than comparable organisms from the reference site. The concentrations of individual aromatic hydrocarbons in muscle and liver from the Eagle Harbor fish were low; however, high concentrations of metabolites of aromatic compounds were present in the bile. The findings strongly suggest an association between exposure to creosote and the prevalence of hepatic lesions, including neoplasms, in the bottom-dwelling fish, and furthermore support the putative role of aromatic hydrocarbons in liver carcinogenesis in fish. AUMalins DC; Krahn MM; Myers MS; Rhodes LD; Brown DW; Krone CA; McCain BB; Chan SL EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1463-9 MJCreosote; Cresols; Fish Diseases; Liver Diseases /VE; Liver Neoplasms /VE; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollutants MNBile /ME; Chromatography, Gas; Diet; Fishes; Liver Diseases /CI; Liver Neoplasms /CI; Liver /ME; Muscles /ME; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons /ME MTAnimal RNEC 2.4.2.8 (Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase); EC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes); 154-42-7 (Thioguanine); 56-49-5 (Methylcholanthrene); 79647-25-9 (9,10-dihydroxy-7,8-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3-methylcholanthrene); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002632 TIOn the mechanism of induction of resistance to 6-thioguanine in Chinese hamster V79 cells by 3-methylcholanthrene-diolepoxide. ABV79 Chinese hamster cells were cultured in the presence of 3-methylcholanthrene-diolepoxide (10r,9t-dihydroxy-7,8t-epoxy-tetrahydro-3-methylcholanthrene, MCDE) and mutants were selected in medium containing 6-thioguanine (TG). Of 22 TG-resistant mutants examined, 18 were devoid of HPRT (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.8) activity. Two mutants had suffered a total and one a partial gene deletion. The 1.6-kb HPRT mRNA was not detected in these three mutants nor in two others. The remaining mutants did not, however, have a readily demonstrable lesion. AUKing HW; Brookes P EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1471-6 MJMethylcholanthrene; Mutation MNCarcinogens; Cells, Cultured; Cricetulus; DNA Restriction Enzymes /DU; DNA /GE; Drug Resistance; Genes, Structural; Hamsters; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase /GE; Isoelectric Point; Methylcholanthrene /PD; RNA, Messenger /GE; Thioguanine /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN72620-20-3 (Zami 1305); 77944-88-8 (lucifer yellow) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002633 TIInfluence on cell-cell communication (dye-transfer) of the oncogenic beta-blocker DL-ZAMI 1305: possible relation to tumor promotion. ABThe effect of the oncogenic beta-blocker DL-1-(2-nitro-3-methyl-phenoxy)-3-tert-butyl-amino-propan-2-ol (DL-ZAMI 1305) on intercellular communication between cultured cells was studied. Intercellular communication of Chinese hamster V79 cells was measured by the dye-transfer method in which the spread of intracellularly microinjected fluorescent probe, Lucifer Yellow CH, through gap-junctions was used as an index of intercellular communication. When V79 cells are cultured with non-toxic doses (1-60 micrograms/ml) of DL-ZAMI 1305, a significant inhibition of dye-transfer is observed after 4 h. The inhibition is dose-related and greater than 90% inhibition is seen at the dose of 50 micrograms/ml. When DL-ZAMI 1305 is added at 0 and 24 h of experiment, its inhibitory effect is maintained for at least 48 h at high doses (50-60 micrograms/ml), whereas for lower doses of DL-ZAMI 1305, some recovery is seen after 24 h incubation. These results are suggestive of a possible tumor-promoting activity of DL-ZAMI 1305; in vivo studies on this carcinogen are in progress. AUMazzoleni G; Ragnotti G; Enomoto T; Yamasaki H EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1477-82 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Carcinogens; Cell Communication; Propanolamines MNCell Division /DE; Cells, Cultured; Cricetulus; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hamsters; Isoquinolines /DU; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002634 TITumor-initiating activity, mutagenicity, and metabolism of methylated anthracenes. ABSpecific methylated derivatives of anthracene are mutagenic in S. typhimurium and have tumor-initiating activity on mouse skin. In this study, the mutagenic activities of 1-, 2-, and 9-methylanthracene, 2,9- and 9,10-dimethylanthracene, 2,9,-10-trimethylanthracene, 2,3,9,10-tetramethylanthracene, and the photo-oxide of 9,10-dimethylanthracene were determined in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The relative tumor-initiating activities of these compounds were also evaluated. These bioassays indicate that increased mutagenic potency and tumor-initiating activity are associated with the presence of a methyl substituent at both the 9- and 10- position of anthracene. Metabolism studies suggest that the biological activity of specific methylated anthracenes may be related to the formation of a simple epoxide adjacent to a peri-methyl substituent. AULa Voie EJ; Coleman DT; Rice JE; Geddie NG; Hoffmann D EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1483-8 MJAnthracenes /TO; Carcinogens; Mutagens; Neoplasms, Experimental MNAnthracenes /ME; Biotransformation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Methylation; Mutagenicity Tests; Salmonella Typhimurium; Skin Neoplasms /CI; Spectrum Analysis; Structure-Activity Relationship MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RNEC 2.4.2.30 (Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase); 16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate); 26656-46-2 (Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002635 TINon-histone chromosomal protein acceptors for poly(ADP)-ribose in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate treated mouse embryo fibroblasts (C3H10T1/2). ABThe tumor promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) increases the level of poly ADP-ribosylation of chromosomal proteins in mouse embryo fibroblasts C3H10T1/2. The poly ADP-ribosylated nuclear proteins fall into the following molecular weight classes: 40, 48, 61, 77, 92, 158, 200 kd. Preincubation with catalase reduced the poly ADP-ribose (ADPR) substitution of all these proteins essentially to control levels. Western blot analysis with antibody directed against ADPR transferase indicates that the major acceptors are ADP-ribose transferase (116 kd) itself and its proteolytic degradation products of 20-25, 45 and 72-95 kd. Poly ADP-ribosylation of these proteins is suppressed by cycloheximide, 3-aminobenzamide, antipain and catalase. The latter three inhibitors possess anti-promotional activities in certain in vitro cell culture systems. Auto-poly ADP-ribosylation of ADPR transferase and its proteolytic cleavage as well as the poly ADP-ribosylation of other chromosomal proteins may play a role in the modulation of gene expression by PMA. AUSingh N; Leduc Y; Poirier G; Cerutti P EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1489-94 MJChromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars; Phorbols; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate MNCell Nucleus /ME; Cells, Cultured; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mice; Molecular Weight; Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1332-21-4 (Asbestos); 50-32-8 (Benzo(a) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002636 TIPulmonary response of hamsters to fibrous glass: chronic effects of repeated intratracheal instillation with or without benzo[a]pyrene. ABSyrian golden hamsters were given intratracheal instillations of glass fibres with or without benzo[a]pyrene suspended in saline, once a fortnight for 52 weeks. The experiment was terminated at week 85. 'Silicotic granulomas' consisting of tightly packed, iron-positive macrophages filled with glass fibres and surrounded by a layer of alveolar epithelial cells were the predominant pulmonary lesion. No mesotheliomas or other tumours of the respiratory tract were observed in hamsters treated with glass fibres alone. There was no indication that glass fibres enhanced the development of respiratory tract tumours induced by benzo[a]pyrene. In hamsters similarly exposed to crocidolite fibres with or without benzo[a]pyrene no mesotheliomas or other respiratory tract tumours were observed either. An explanation for the absence of pulmonary tumours might be that repeated administration of fibres over a period of 52 weeks entails an acute pulmonary reaction after each administration with the implication that the fibres cannot settle down well enough to be able to induce tumours. Another possible explanation is the relatively short duration of the experimental period. AUFeron VJ; Scherrenberg PM; Immel HR; Spit BJ EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1495-9 MJBenzo(a)pyrene; Glass; Lung; Silicosis MNAsbestos; Granuloma /ET /PA; Hamsters; Mesocricetus; Silicosis /PA; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN53-94-1 (N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002637 TIBy-pass of the major aminofluorene-DNA adduct during in vivo replication of single- and double-stranded phi X174 DNA treated with N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene. ABTo examine the effects of aminofluorene-DNA adduct formation on the biological activity of DNA, single-stranded (ss) phi X174 DNA and phi X174 replicative form (RF) DNA were modified to different extents with 3H-labeled N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene and subsequently transfected to Escherichia coli spheroplasts with different repair capabilities. When the fraction of active ss phi X174 DNA molecules was measured as a function of the mean number of adducts per molecule, exponential survival curves were obtained from which it could be deduced that in wild-type, uvrA- and recA- cells at least 86%, and in uvrC- cells at least 82% of the introduced adducts do not cause inactivation. In the case of RF DNA the survival curves are non-exponential, but they nevertheless show that an exceptionally high number of adducts per RF molecule must be introduced to destroy its biological activity. On average 52 adducts per RF molecule were needed to reduce the survival to 37%, irrespective of whether wild-type, uvrA- or recA- cells were used. On the other hand, the survival of the uvrC- cells was considerably lower, but even in these cells a majority of the adducts is not lethal. By h.p.l.c. analysis of the modified DNA after hydrolysis with trifluoroacetic acid, 81 and 84% of the adducts in ss- and RF DNA, respectively, could be identified as N-(guanin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene. The results strongly indicate that this type of major modification product is very frequently by-passed during replication of both single- and double-stranded DNA. The results together with the data obtained by sucrose gradient analysis both before and after an alkali treatment and those obtained by h.p.l.c. analysis suggest that inactivation of ssDNA is mainly due to minor modifications such as secondary lesions consisting of chain breaks and alkali-labile sites together with unidentified interaction products. AULutgerink JT; Retel J ; Westra JG; Welling MC; Loman H; Kriek E EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1501-6 MJDNA Replication; DNA, Single-Stranded; DNA; Fluorenes MNChemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Phage Phi X 174 /GE RN0 (3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a); 13345-21-6 (3-hydroxybenzo(a); 50-32-8 (Benzo(a) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002638 TISecondary metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene: 3-hydroxy-trans-7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, a biliary metabolite of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene in the rat. ABRats administered 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (50 mg/kg, i.p.), excrete via the bile metabolites which, after treatment with beta-glucuronidase and aryl sulphatase, yield, in addition to 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, 3-hydroxy-trans-7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OH-BP-7,8-diol) and a minor, highly labile, metabolite tentatively identified as 3,5-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene. These novel metabolites are readily isolated in a pure state via preparative layer chromatography. The structure of the 3-OH-BP-7,8-diol was revealed by its u.v., proton magnetic resonance and mass spectral properties. Its hydroxyl functions are in a predominantly quasi-diequatorial conformation. AURibeiro O; Kirkby CA; Hirom PC; Millburn P EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1507-11 MJBenzo(a)pyrene; Benzopyrenes; Bile MNRats, Inbred LEW; Rats; Spectrum Analysis MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-89-5 (Thymidine); 759-73-9 (Ethylnitrosourea) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002639 TIEvidence for a major premutagenic ethyldeoxythymidine-DNA adduct in an in vivo system: N-nitroso-N-ethylurea-treated Salmonella typhimurium. ABMutagenesis induced by N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU) was assayed in four strains of Salmonella typhimurium which are known to be reverted to histidine prototrophy by mutations at A-T base pairs and by extragenic suppression. NEU-induced revertants were characterized for the presence of extragenic suppressors by their sensitivities to the histidine analogue, thiazolealanine. In strains carrying the plasmid, pKM101, only a small percentage of the revertants was due to suppressors, indicating that NEU gives rise to a major premutagenic adenine or thymidine-DNA adduct. In strains without plasmid, mutagenesis was much less efficient and resulted mainly from suppressors. Apparently error-prone DNA-repair plays an important role in mutagenesis via the A or T-DNA adduct in the plasmid-containing strains. Ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS), a mutagen known to form ethyladenines but not ethylthymidines, induced mutagenesis that resulted mainly from suppressors in all strains, and there was little inter-strain difference in the sensitivity to EMS. Since NEU, but not EMS, forms ethylthymidines in appreciable yield, and only NEU induced high percentages of revertants with mutations at A-T base pairs, it appears that at least one ethylthymidine is a major premutagenic adduct in NEU-induced mutagenesis. AUHu YC; Guttenplan JB EM8601 IDES03332 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1513-6 MJDNA, Bacterial; Ethylnitrosourea; Mutation MNAlkylation; Chemistry; Salmonella Typhimurium /GE; Thymidine /AA MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 4.1.1.17 (Ornithine Decarboxylase); 54-11-5 (Nicotine); 80508-23-2 (N'-nitrosonornicotine) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002640 TIEffect of nicotine and N'-nitrosonornicotine on rat lung and trachea ornithine decarboxylase activity. ABThe exposure of rats to tobacco smoke was previously reported to cause an increase in lung and trachea ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. In the present paper we test the effects of the tobacco-specific components nicotine and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) on lung and trachea ODC activity. In addition, a procedure for the synthesis of analytically pure NNN is described. NNN caused an increase in lung ODC activity 6 h and also 4 days after a single s.c. dose. NNN did not alter trachea ODC activity. A single s.c. dose of nicotine activated both lung and trachea ODC in a dose-response fashion. It is possible that the impact of these tobacco-specific agents upon respiratory tract polyamine biosynthesis could contribute to some of the multi-faceted effects associated with cigarette smoking. AUOlson JW; Crooks PA EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1517-9 MJLung; Nicotine; Nitrosamines /PD; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Trachea MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Induction /DE; Lung /EN; Nitrosamines /IP; Rats; Trachea /EN MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002641 TIInduction of hepatic cell proliferation and unscheduled DNA synthesis in mouse hepatocytes following in vivo treatment. ABWe have modified the in vivo-in vitro hepatocyte DNA repair assay for measurement of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and hepatic cell proliferation in B6C3F1 mice. Dimethylnitrosamine and methylmethane sulfonate produced significant increases in UDS in both rats and mice. 2-Acetylaminofluorene induced a significant increase in UDS in rats, but not in mice. The mouse hepatocarcinogens, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, polybrominated biphenyls and 2,6-dichloro-p-phenylenediamine all failed to induce UDS in male and female mice, but all induced significant elevations in hepatic cell proliferation. Increased cell turnover in the liver may therefore be an important mechanism in hepatocarcinogenicity in the mouse. AUMirsalis JC; Tyson CK; Loh EN; Steinmetz KL; Bakke JP; Hamilton CM; Spak DK; Spalding JW EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1521-4 MJCarcinogens; DNA Repair; Liver MNCell Division /DE; DNA /BI; Mice; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.31.1 (Micrococcal Nuclease); 127-07-1 (Hydroxyurea); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002642 TIDependence of u.v.-induced DNA excision repair on deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate concentrations in permeable human fibroblasts: a model for the inhibition of repair by hydroxyurea. ABWe have tested the hypothesis that the inhibition by hydroxyurea of repair patch ligation and chromatin rearrangement during u.v.-induced DNA excision repair results from a reduction in cellular deoxyribonucleotide concentrations and not from a direct effect of hydroxyurea on the repair process. Using permeable human fibroblasts, we have shown that hydroxyurea has no direct effect on either repair synthesis or repair patch ligation. We also have shown that by reducing the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate concentrations in the permeable cell reaction mixture, we can mimic the inhibition of repair patch ligation and chromatin rearrangement seen when u.v.-damaged intact confluent fibroblasts are treated with hydroxyurea. Our results are consistent with the concept that hydroxyurea inhibits DNA repair in intact cells by inhibiting deoxyribonucleotide synthesis through its effect on ribonucleotide reductase and, conversely, that continued deoxyribonucleotide synthesis is required for the excision repair of u.v.-induced DNA damage even in resting cells. AUHunting DJ; Dresler SL EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1525-8 MJDNA Repair; Deoxyribonucleotides; Hydroxyurea MNCells, Cultured; DNA Repair /RE; DNA /BI; Micrococcal Nuclease /DU; Ultraviolet Rays MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN592-62-1 (Methylazoxymethanol Acetate); 66-27-3 (Methyl Methanesulfonate) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002643 TISyncarcinogenic effects of methyl methanesulfonate with methylazoxymethanol acetate in rat small intestine and liver. ABThe carcinogenic potency of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and its combination effect with methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate were evaluated in rats. MMS was suggested to be weakly carcinogenic for the small intestine. Syncarcinogenic effects of MMS and MAM acetate which could be due to summation of their genotoxic influences were obtained in the small intestine and liver. AUMori H; Kuniyasu T; Sugie S; Shima H; Takahashi M EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1529-31 MJAzo Compounds; Intestinal Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Liver Neoplasms; Methyl Methanesulfonate; Methylazoxymethanol Acetate MNCocarcinogenesis; Drug Synergism; Rats, Inbred ACI; Rats MTAnimal; Male RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes) IS0143-3334 LAEnglish JCC9T SBM; X UI86002644 TIc-Ha-ras not c-Ki-ras activation in three colon tumour cell lines. ABUsing the NIH 3T3 transformation assay system, an activated c-Ha-ras transforming gene has been identified in three distinct early passage colon carcinoma cell lines isolated from an invasive, differentiated, adenocarcinoma. The p21 c-Ha-ras gene product from these cell lines displayed an altered electrophorectic mobility and a point mutation in the DNA coding sequence leading to an amino acid substitution at position 12. AUGreenhalgh DA; Kinsella AR EM8601 SOCarcinogenesis (United States), Oct 1985, 6(10) p1533-5 MJColonic Neoplasms; DNA, Neoplasm; Proto-Oncogenes MNCells, Cultured; DNA Restriction Enzymes /DU; Gene Expression Regulation; Mice, Nude; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Transformation, Genetic MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN27121-73-9 (inositol triphosphate); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 7440-24-6 (Strontium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 7723-14-0 (Phosphorus) IS0009-7330 LAEnglish JCDAJ SBM UI86002646 TIExcitation-contraction coupling and the ultrastructure of smooth muscle. AUSomlyo AP EM8601 IDHL15835; NHLBI 07499 SOCirc Res (United States), Oct 1985, 57(4) p497-507 MJCalcium; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth /UL MNAction Potentials; Arteries; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Membrane /PH /UL; Cytoplasm /ME; Electron Probe Microanalysis; Electrophysiology; Inositol Phosphates /PD; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria /PH /UL; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /PH /UL; Muscle, Smooth /DE /PH; Phosphatidylinositols /PH; Phosphorus /ME; Potassium /PD; Pregnancy; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum /PH /UL; Sodium /PH; Strontium /ME; Uterus /UL; Veins MCReview MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.5.4.4 (Adenosine Deaminase); 317-34-0 (Aminophylline); 51-55-8 (Atropine); 58-61-7 (Adenosine); 7440-46-2 (Cesium); 7647-17-8 (cesium chloride) IS0009-7330 LAEnglish JCDAJ SBM UI86002648 TIRole of adenosine on ventricular overdrive suppression in isolated guinea pig hearts and Purkinje fibers. ABThe present study was undertaken to demonstrate and characterize potentiation of ventricular overdrive suppression by adenosine. To substantiate that adenosine has an enhanced effect on overdrive suppression, it would be necessary to demonstrate that adenosine increases pause duration independent of slowing spontaneous pre-drive rate. In isolated perfused guinea pig hearts with surgically induced complete atrioventricular block, the effect of adenosine (2-20 microM) on pause duration was compared to two alternative means of slowing the pre-drive rate, i.e., hypothermia (28.0 degrees C to 34.0 degrees C) and cesium chloride (0.3-1.0 mM). The slope value of the linear regression line describing the relationship between pre-drive cycle length and pause duration for adenosine (15.8) was significantly greater than control (1.7), hypothermia (1.7), and cesium chloride (5.4). The competitive adenosine antagonist, aminophylline (60 microM), when infused at the initiation of overdrive during adenosine administration, significantly reduced the effect of adenosine on pause duration by 72.9 +/- 4.2% (mean +/- SEM). The reduction in pause duration by aminophylline was specific for adenosine and did not occur under control conditions or during cesium chloride administration. During hypoxia, aminophylline and adenosine deaminase, when infused at the initiation of overdrive, caused 72.3 +/- 5.6 and 63.3 +/- 6.1% reductions in pause duration, respectively. Endogenous adenosine levels rose significantly with hypoxia (1,687 +/- 202 vs. 36 +/- 4 pmol/min per g during normoxia) and increased significantly further during hypoxic overdrive (3,004 +/- 323 pmol/min per g). In isolated guinea pig Purkinje fibers (n = 4), adenosine (20 microM) increased pause duration by 73.6 +/- 9.9% while only minimally affecting the pre-drive cycle length (7.6 +/- 3.8%). These fibers, when stimulated at 1.5 Hz, also displayed an adenosine-induced reduction in action potential duration at 90% repolarization (16 +/- 2 msec). In addition, we demonstrated that adenosine had an enhanced effect on pause duration in the presence of ouabain (1 microM)-induced attenuation of overdrive suppression. Thus, in isolated Purkinje fibers, it is unlikely that the potentiating effect of adenosine on pause duration, which is independent of its chronotropic effect, is mediated via an enhancement of sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase pump activity. The effect of adenosine is likely to be secondary to a direct action on outward potassium conductance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) AUWesley RC Jr; Belardinelli L EM8601 IDHL-31111; HL-01408; HL-00969 SOCirc Res (United States), Oct 1985, 57(4) p517-31 MJAdenosine /PD; Heart Block; Heart Conduction System; Heart Rate; Heart; Purkinje Fibers MNAdenosine Deaminase /PD; Adenosine /AI /ME; Aminophylline /PD; Anoxia /PP; Atropine /PD; Cesium /PD; Depression, Chemical; Drug Tolerance; Guinea Pigs; Heart Ventricle /PP; Hypothermia /PP; Periodicity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-83-2 (Carbachol); 52665-69-7 (A-23187); 6581-06-2 (Quinuclidinyl Benzilate); 6917-35-7 (Inositol); 7439-93-2 (Lithium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 7447-41-8 (lithium chloride) IS0009-7330 LAEnglish JCDAJ SBM UI86002649 TIAlpha 1-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis in adult rat cardiomyocytes. ABCardiac alpha-adrenergic receptors mediate cellular responses to norepinephrine through an undefined series of molecular events. We examined the possibility that phosphoinositide hydrolysis was stimulated through alpha-adrenergic receptors in cardiomyocytes purified from adult rat ventricle. Phosphoinositide stores were labeled with [3H]inositol, and [3H]inositol phosphate formation was assessed after the addition of lithium chloride and norepinephrine. Norepinephrine increased the accumulation of [3H]inositol phosphate by approximately 5-fold, giving a maximal response at approximately 30 microM and a half-maximal response at approximately 1 microM. There was a significant increase in [3H]inositol phosphate formation in response to norepinephrine at 5 minutes, and the response was linear over 40 minutes. Norepinephrine-stimulated [3H]inositol phosphate formation was not blocked by propranolol (1 microM) or yohimbine (0.1 microM) but was completely antagonized by the alpha 1-selective antagonist prazosin (0.1 microM). Muscarinic cholinergic receptor activation by carbachol also stimulated [3H]inositol phosphate formation in rat ventricular myocytes. The maximal effect of carbachol (approximately 2-fold) was always less than that of norepinephrine. The combined effects of norepinephrine and carbachol were additive, suggesting that the two hormones do not share a common rate-limiting step. Removal of extracellular calcium and addition of ethylene glycol bis(beta-amino ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid, attenuated, but did not abolish, norepinephrine- or carbachol-stimulated [3H]inositol phosphate formation. Neither the calcium ionophore A23187 nor the calcium channel blockers verapamil and nifedipine had any effect on basal or hormone-stimulated [3H]inositol phosphate formation. We suggest that some of the physiological and metabolic effects of adrenergic and cholinergic stimulation on the rat myocardium are secondary to receptor-mediated hydrolysis of phosphoinositides. AUBrown JH; Buxton IL; Brunton LL EM8601 IDHL 28143; HL 17682 SOCirc Res (United States), Oct 1985, 57(4) p532-7 MJMyocardium; Phosphoinositides; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha; Receptors, Muscarinic MNA-23187 /PD; Calcium /PH; Carbachol /PD; Chlorides /PD; Heart /DE; Hydrolysis; Inositol Phosphates /ME; Inositol /ME; Ion Channels /PH; Kinetics; Lithium /PD; Norepinephrine /PD; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN15078-28-1 (Nitroprusside); 58-61-7 (Adenosine) IS0009-7330 LAEnglish JCDAJ SBM UI86002650 TIEffect of development on coronary vasodilator reserve in the isolated guinea pig heart. ABMorphological studies have demonstrated an age-related decrease in capillary density and capillary surface area in the developing heart. However, the consequences of these changes on myocardial perfusion are not known. We tested the hypothesis that the decreased capillary density is associated with a reduction in coronary blood flow reserve. To test this hypothesis, we studied coronary responses to adenosine and sodium nitroprusside administration, reactive hyperemia, and autoregulatory capacity. We used a Langendorff-perfused heart preparation from guinea pigs of five different age groups (1 week and 1, 2, 12, and 18 months). Data are expressed as mean +/- SEM. Maximal coronary flows (ml/min per g) in response to adenosine (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) infusion are: 27 +/- 1.3, 18.5 +/- 1.4, 12.2 +/- 0.4, 10.3 +/- 0.3, and 10.6 +/- 0.8 at 1 week, 1, 2, 12, and 18 months, respectively, with the flows at 1 week and 1 month significantly higher than those at 2, 12, and 18 months. There is a similar trend for a decreased maximum coronary perfusion in response to sodium nitroprusside (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) and following a 45-second occlusion of the coronary inlet flow. Despite the decreased maximal pharmacological and reactive hyperemic flow reserve, autoregulation of flow is not altered with growth. The pressure-flow relationship exhibits autoregulation between 25 and 55 mm Hg perfusion pressure for all but the 1-week age group, which autoregulates within a narrower range of pressures (20-45 mm Hg). Total maximal coronary flow (ml/min) increases during development; this indicates that the growth of vessels continues with development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUToma BS; Wangler RD; DeWitt DF; Sparks HV Jr EM8601 IDHL-24232-06 SOCirc Res (United States), Oct 1985, 57(4) p538-44 MJCoronary Circulation; Coronary Vessels; Heart; Vasodilation MNAdenosine /PD; Aging; Body Weight; Capillaries /AH; Coronary Circulation /DE; Guinea Pigs; Homeostasis; Hyperemia /CI /PP; Nitroprusside /PD; Organ Weight; Perfusion; Pressure; Vasodilation /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.14.99.1 (Prostaglandin Synthase); EC 3.4.21.8 (Kallikrein); 53-86-1 (Indomethacin); 58-82-2 (Bradykinin); 644-62-2 (Meclofenamic Acid); 9004-04-0 (Kallikrein-Trypsin Inactivator) IS0009-7330 LAEnglish JCDAJ SBM UI86002651 TIEvidence for a possible role of the brain kallikrein-kinin system in the modulation of the cerebral circulation. ABExperiments by others have shown that exogenous bradykinin dilates cerebral arterioles and that the brain contains kininogen and kallikrein, the latter being the enzyme which converts kininogen to bradykinin. The objective of these experiments was to determine if bradykinin produced from endogenous brain kininogen can affect the cerebral microcirculation. Rabbit pial arteriolar diameter was measured with a microscope using the closed cranial window technique. Topical application of bradykinin (10(-8)-10(-5) M) induced a dose-dependent vasodilation (8-46%) which was completely inhibited by the cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibitors indomethacin and meclofenamic acid. Topical application of 1 U of tissue kallikrein per milliliter of artificial cerebrospinal fluid induced 43% dilation, which could be prevented by local treatment with indomethacin or the proteinase inhibitor aprotinin. The action of aprotinin and indomethacin was specific, since aprotinin did not affect the dilation produced by bradykinin, and indomethacin did not affect dilation produced by adenosine. A second application of kallikrein had no effect on cerebral diameter, yet the arterioles still responded normally to exogenous bradykinin, indicating that the first application of kallikrein depleted brain kininogen. We suggest that activation of brain kallikrein and subsequent formation of kinin from brain kininogen may be important in modulation of cerebral blood flow or generation of cerebral edema. AUKamitani T; Little MH; Ellis EF EM8601 IDNS 12587 SOCirc Res (United States), Oct 1985, 57(4) p545-52 MJBradykinin /PH; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Kallikrein /PH MNArterioles /PH; Bradykinin /PD; Indomethacin /PD; Kallikrein-Trypsin Inactivator /PD; Kallikrein /PD; Kininogens /ME; Meclofenamic Acid /PD; Pia Mater /BS; Prostaglandin Synthase /AI; Rabbits; Vasodilation /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0009-7330 LAEnglish JCDAJ SBM UI86002652 TIEffects of intracellular acidification on membrane currents in ventricular cells of the guinea pig. ABThe membrane currents of single ventricular cells were measured under whole cell voltage clamp using a giga-sealed patch electrode, and the effects of intracellular acidification were examined by perfusing the electrode pipette with different pH solutions. The plateau of the action potential was shortened when the pH of the pipette solution was lowered from the control of 7.2 to 6, and finally to 5. The pH 6 pipette solution evoked a time-independent outward current at positive potentials and increased the slope conductance near the resting potential. These changes were suppressed by removal of both intra- and extracellular potassium ion, indicating that these currents were carried by potassium ions, but not by protons. Increasing the calcium concentration in the pipette from pCa 8 to pCa 6 induced a time-dependent outward current which had a reversal potential of about -13 mV. This result clearly differed from the changes induced by the acidic pipette solution, suggesting that the calcium-mediated conductance was not involved in the genesis of the acidic effects. The calcium current was not significantly affected by perfusion at pH 6, but was decreased by the more acidic (pH 5) solution. When the calcium current was recorded in sodium- and potassium-free external solution but with a cesium-rich internal solution, however, the calcium current was suppressed even with a weak acidic (pH 6.8) pipette solution. This effect was attributed not to an increased sensitivity of the calcium channel to protons, but to a more extensive intracellular acidification, which might have been caused by a depressed extrusion of proton via a sodium-hydrogen exchange mechanism on the surface membrane. AUSato R; Noma A; Kurachi Y; Irisawa H EM8601 SOCirc Res (United States), Oct 1985, 57(4) p553-61 MJCell Membrane; Heart MNAction Potentials; Calcium /ME; Electric Conductivity; Guinea Pigs; Heart Ventricle /PH; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracellular Fluid; Ion Channels /PH; Potassium /ME; Protons; Sodium /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN11003-57-9 (Desmosine); 305-77-1 (epsilon-hydroxynorleucine); 51-35-4 (Hydroxyproline); 5157-09-5 (Norleucine); 9007-34-5 (Collagen); 9007-58-3 (Elastin) IS0009-7330 LAEnglish JCDAJ SBM UI86002653 TIEffects of reperfusion after coronary artery occlusion on post-infarction scar tissue. ABEarly reperfusion after a coronary occlusion may reduce myocardial infarct size, but late reperfusion into necrotic myocardium may alter post-infarction healing. In rabbits, we compared 1- or 3-week-old scars resulting from permanent coronary occlusion to those resulting from a 1- or 3-hour occlusion followed by reperfusion. Reperfusion at 1 hour post-occlusion did not affect scar mechanical properties assessed at 1 week post-infarction, but at 3 weeks post-infarction, these scars had a tensile strength significantly lower than those not reperfused (78 +/- 11 vs. 158 +/- 15 g/mm2, P less than 0.001). They also were composed of a mixture of fibrous tissue (58 +/- 8%) and myocytes (43 +/- 8%) with a hydroxyproline content of 23 +/- 2.5 mg/g dry weight. The nonreperfused scars had a higher proportion of fibrous tissue (73 +/- 3%) by histological evaluation and a 35% higher hydroxyproline content (31 +/- 2 mg/g dry weight, P less than 0.001) than the scars reperfused after 1 hour. In contrast, 3-week-old scars resulting from ╥late╙ reperfusion at 3 hours post-occlusion were similar to nonreperfused scars in fibrous tissue composition and hydroxyproline content. Nonetheless, the tensile strength of these scars reperfused 3 hours post-occlusion was significantly less than that of the nonreperfused scars (72 +/- 5 vs. 158 +/- 15 g/mm2, P less than 0.001). The lower tensile strength was associated with a lower collagen cross-link density in this reperfused group of scars. At physiological stress levels (approximately 3 g/mm2), all groups of reperfused and nonreperfused scars had similar mechanical properties in terms of natural strain, stiffness, creep, and stress relaxation. Thus, although the reperfused scars ruptured more easily at high stresses, when assessed at physiological stresses their mechanical properties were not significantly different from those of nonreperfused scars. AUConnelly CM; Vogel WM; Wiegner AW; Osmers EL; Bing OH; Kloner RA; Dunn-Lanchantin DM; Franzblau C; Apstein CS EM8601 IDHL-23406; HL-28048; HL-00072; + SOCirc Res (United States), Oct 1985, 57(4) p562-77 MJCicatrix /PP; Coronary Vessels; Myocardial Infarction /PP; Perfusion MNArteries /PH; Cicatrix /PA; Collagen /ME; Desmosine /ME; Elastin /ME; Hydroxyproline /ME; Ligation; Myocardial Infarction /ET /PA; Norleucine /AA /ME; Rabbits; Stress, Mechanical; Tensile Strength MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0009-7330 LAEnglish JCDAJ SBM UI86002654 TILidocaine's negative inotropic and antiarrhythmic actions. Dependence on shortening of action potential duration and reduction of intracellular sodium activity. ABThe mechanisms by which lidocaine brings about negative inotropic effects and antiarrhythmic actions in the heart have been examined. Using sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers, we studied the effects of ╥therapeutic╙ concentrations of lidocaine (20 microM lidocaine = 5.4 micrograms/ml) on electrical activity, intracellular sodium activity, and tension. For the preparation with a normal, physiological level of intracellular sodium activity (5-9 mM), the application of lidocaine leads to the following actions: action potential duration is decreased, intracellular sodium activity falls, and twitch tension is reduced. If intracellular sodium activity is first elevated (e.g., by sodium pump inhibition) so that arrhythmogenic transient depolarizations (and the underlying transient inward current are seen) then lidocaine has the following actions: The action potential duration is reduced. There is a reduction of the magnitude of the arrhythmogenic transient depolarization (or the underlying membrane current transient inward current). The magnitude of the aftercontraction that accompanies the transient depolarization (or transient inward current) is reduced. If, after sodium pump inhibition, intracellular sodium activity is still rising-then, the application of lidocaine leads to a reduction of the rate of rise of intracellular sodium. From these results, parallel voltage-clamp experiments, and recent work by others, we conclude that lidocaine leads to the reduction of the arrhythmogenic transient depolarization and a reduction of twitch tension by decreasing the inward sodium current. These actions are mediated by a reduction in action potential duration and a reduction of intracellular sodium activity and of intracellular calcium activity (by the sodium-calcium exchange mechanism). AUSheu SS; Lederer WJ EM8601 IDHL 25675 SOCirc Res (United States), Oct 1985, 57(4) p578-90 MJArrhythmia; Heart /PH; Lidocaine; Myocardial Contraction; Sodium MNAction Potentials /DE; Arrhythmia /PP; Depression, Chemical; Electrophysiology; Extrasystole /DT; Feedback; Heart /DE; Ion Channels /DE /PH; Kinetics; Lidocaine /TU; Models, Biological; Purkinje Fibers /PH; Sheep MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN58-32-2 (Dipyridamole); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0009-7330 LAEnglish JCDAJ SBM UI86002655 TIThyroxine-induced left ventricular hypertrophy in the rat. Anatomical and physiological evidence for angiogenesis. ABWe examined anatomical and physiological responses of the left coronary vascular system to thyroxine-induced myocardial hypertrophy. Wistar-Kyoto rats (1 and 5 months old) were administered thyroxine (0.25 mg/kg per day) or the saline vehicle (sham-treated controls) for 2 months. At the ages of 3 and 7 months, each group of animals was used for one of three experimental protocols: determination of numerical capillary density in perfusion-fixed hearts, measurement of coronary reactive hyperemic responses following a 20-second coronary occlusion (peak-to-resting blood flow velocity) as an index of coronary reserve, and assessment of myocardial perfusion under resting conditions and during maximum coronary dilation (dipyridamole infusion) for the calculation of minimum coronary resistance per unit weight of the left ventricle or minimum coronary resistance of the total left ventricle. In both groups of thyroxine-treated animals, the left ventricular weight-to-body weight ratio increased by 35-40%. Capillary density of the 3- and 7-month-old Wistar Kyoto controls was 4467 +/- 352 (mean +/- SEM) and 4029 +/- 143 capillaries/mm2, respectively, but was increased significantly in the thyroxine-treated animals to 6052 +/- 409 capillaries/mm2 (3-month) and 4654 +/- 201 capillaries/mm2 (7-month). In both age control groups, the peak-to-resting blood flow velocity ratio was about 2.2. This index of coronary reserve was not changed in the thyroxine-treated animals. Myocardial perfusion measurements were limited to the 7-month-old animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUChilian WM; Wangler RD; Peters KG; Tomanek RJ; Marcus ML EM8601 IDHL14388; HL 20827; HL 06496; + SOCirc Res (United States), Oct 1985, 57(4) p591-8 MJHeart Enlargement /CO; Neovascularization; Thyroxine MNBlood Flow Velocity /DE; Blood Pressure /DE; Body Weight; Capillaries /PA; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Vessels /PA /PP; Dipyridamole /PD; Heart Enlargement /CI; Heart Rate /DE; Heart Ventricle /PA; Hyperemia /PP; Neovascularization /PA /PP; Organ Weight; Perfusion; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats; Thyroxine /PD; Vascular Resistance; Vasodilation MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.11.1.6 (Catalase); EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase); 315-30-0 (Allopurinol); 51481-61-9 (Cimetidine); 58-73-1 (Diphenhydramine); 67-68-5 (Dimethyl Sulfoxide); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0009-7330 LAEnglish JCDAJ SBM UI86002656 TIThe role of oxygen-derived free radicals in ischemia-induced increases in canine skeletal muscle vascular permeability. ABPrevious studies indicate that vascular permeability is increased in skeletal muscle subjected to 4 hours of inflow occlusion. However, the mechanism(s) underlying the increase in permeability are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the role of oxygen-derived free radicals and histamine as putative mediators of the increased permeability in skeletal muscle subjected to 4 hours of inflow occlusion. The osmotic reflection coefficient for total plasma proteins and isogravimetric capillary pressure were estimated in canine gracilis muscle for the following conditions: control, ischemia, and ischemia plus pretreatment with allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor), catalase (a peroxidase that reduces hydrogen peroxide to water and molecular oxygen), superoxide dismutase (a superoxide anion scavenger), dimethyl sulfoxide (a hydroxyl radical scavenger), diphenhydramine (a histamine H1-receptor blocker), or cimetidine (a histamine H2-receptor blocker). Ischemia, followed by reperfusion, significantly reduced the reflection coefficient from 0.94 +/- 0.02 to 0.64 +/- 0.02 and isogravimetric capillary pressure from 13.8 +/- 1.0 mm Hg to 6.9 +/- 0.4 mmHg, indicating a dramatic increase in microvascular permeability. Prior treatment with diphenhydramine or cimetidine did not significantly alter the permeability increase induced by ischemia. However, pretreatment with allopurinol, catalase, superoxide dismutase, or dimethylsulfoxide did significantly attenuate the increase in vascular permeability. The results of this study indicate that oxygen radicals are primarily responsible for the increased vascular permeability produced by ischemia-reperfusion, that the hydroxyl radical may represent the primary damaging radical, and that xanthine oxidase may represent the primary source of oxygen-derived free radicals in ischemic skeletal muscle. AUKorthuis RJ; Granger DN; Townsley MI; Taylor AE EM8601 IDHL-36069; HL 00816; HL-22549 SOCirc Res (United States), Oct 1985, 57(4) p599-609 MJCapillary Permeability; Free Radicals; Ischemia; Muscles; Oxygen MNAllopurinol /PD; Blood Flow Velocity /DE; Blood Pressure; Capillaries /PH; Catalase /PD; Cimetidine /PD; Dimethyl Sulfoxide /PD; Diphenhydramine /PD; Dogs; Osmotic Pressure; Superoxide Dismutase /PD; Vascular Resistance /DE MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0009-7330 LAEnglish JCDAJ SBM UI86002657 TIRole of sodium in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy. ABCardiac hypertrophy in systemic hypertension may not result simply from increased afterload. Previous studies indicate that factors other than blood pressure may influence cardiac hypertrophy. We evaluated the effects of dietary sodium restriction in two-kidney one-clip renal hypertensive rats. After the renal artery had been clipped, the rats received a normal diet until hypertension was established; thereafter, a sodium-deficient diet was instituted in one group. Clipped rats on a regular diet had significantly higher systolic blood pressures than sham-operated controls (205 +/- 9 vs. 129 +/- 1 mm Hg, respectively). Sodium restriction did not reverse hypertension (190 +/- 8 mm Hg), but led to a significant reduction of relative heart weight compared to rats on the normal diet (2.94 +/- 0.24 vs. 3.86 +/- 0.23 mg/g, respectively; P less than 0.01). The hypertrophied hearts of animals on the regular diet showed depressed tissue catecholamines (significant only for norepinephrine); sodium restriction resulted in a restoration to normal levels. Thus, we demonstrated a dissociation of blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy in the two-kidney one-clip model, similar to previous findings in other models. Our results support the concept that factors other than blood pressure contribute to cardiac hypertrophy. Dietary sodium intake appears to be one such factor. In addition, a possible role of the sympathetic nervous system is suggested. AULindpaintner K; Sen S EM8601 IDHL 27838 SOCirc Res (United States), Oct 1985, 57(4) p610-7 MJDiet, Sodium-Restricted; Heart Enlargement; Hypertension, Renovascular MNBlood Pressure; Dopamine /ME; Heart Enlargement /PP; Heart Rate; Myocardium /PA; Norepinephrine /ME; Organ Weight; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Renin /BL; Sodium /BL /UR MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN15078-28-1 (Nitroprusside); 59-42-7 (Phenylephrine); 59-46-1 (Procaine); 8067-82-1 (Althesin) IS0009-7330 LAEnglish JCDAJ SBM UI86002658 TIThe renal sympathetic baroreflex in the rabbit. Arterial and cardiac baroreceptor influences, resetting, and effect of anesthesia. ABCurves relating renal sympathetic nerve activity and mean arterial pressure were derived in conscious rabbits during ramp changes in mean arterial pressure, elicited by perivascular balloon inflation. The renal sympathetic nerve activity-mean arterial pressure relationship consisted of a high-gain sigmoidal region about resting, where renal sympathetic nerve activity rose or fell in response to moderate falls and rises of mean arterial pressure. With larger pressure rises, renal sympathetic nerve activity first fell to a lower plateau and then reversed at even higher mean arterial pressure. When mean arterial pressure was lowered below resting, renal sympathetic nerve activity rose to an upper plateau and then reversed abruptly toward resting at low mean arterial pressure. Both arterial and cardiac baroreceptors exerted substantial inhibitory influences on renal sympathetic nerve activity at all pressure levels. These effects appeared additive over the central high gain region of the curve, but beyond this region there were non-additive interactions. The latter were affected considerably by alfathesin anesthesia. In other experiments, we studied the effects of sustained alterations in resting mean arterial pressure induced by infusing nitroprusside and phenylephrine, which produced rapid resetting of the renal baroreflex. The latter could be accounted for, in part, by resetting of the threshold of the arterial baroreceptors and in part by contributions from other afferents, probably the cardiac receptors. During resetting associated with nitroprusside-induced falls in resting blood pressure, high-gain reflex adjustments in renal sympathetic nerve activity to moderate changes in mean arterial pressure were preserved, but during resetting associated with phenylephrine-induced rises in resting mean mean arterial pressure, the resting renal sympathetic nerve activity lay on the lower curve plateau, resulting in reduction in the apparent gain of the reflex renal sympathetic nerve activity response to moderate changes in mean arterial pressure. AUDorward PK; Riedel W; Burke SL; Gipps J; Korner PI EM8601 SOCirc Res (United States), Oct 1985, 57(4) p618-33 MJAnesthesia; Arteries; Blood Pressure; Heart; Kidney; Pressoreceptors /PH; Sympathetic Nervous System MNAlthesin; Aorta /IR; Blood Pressure /DE; Denervation; Heart Rate /DE; Kinetics; Nitroprusside /PD; Phenylephrine /PD; Pressoreceptors /DE; Procaine /PD; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN2095-57-0 (thiobutabarbital); 76-75-5 (Thiopental); 86903-70-0 (Natriuretic Peptides, Atrial) IS0009-7330 LAEnglish JCDAJ SBM UI86002659 TIThe effects of human atrial 28-amino acid peptide on systemic and renal hemodynamics in anesthetized rats. ABThe effects of synthetic human atrial 28-amino acid peptide (alpha-human atrial polypeptide) on systemic and renal hemodynamics were examined in two separate groups of Inactin-anesthetized rats. First, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output were measured before and during infusion of the peptide at rates of 0.04-0.67 microgram/kg per min. Cardiac output was determined by the dye-dilution method with a microcuvette inserted into a carotid-femoral arterial shunt. After 10 minutes of infusion, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance were reduced in a dose-dependent manner by 21% (P less than 0.001), 9% (P less than 0.05), and 11% (P less than 0.05), respectively, with 0.67 microgram/kg per min of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide. Despite the marked fall in blood pressure, the heart rate did not change. Second, urine volume, urinary sodium excretion, glomerular filtration rate ([3H]inulin clearance) and renal blood flow ([14C]p-aminohippuric acid sodium clearance and hematocrit) were measured. Increases in urine volume, urinary sodium excretion, filtration fraction, and fractional sodium excretion and a decrease in renal vascular resistance were dose dependent: +490% (P less than 0.01), +1340% (P less than 0.01), +19% (P less than 0.05), +1160% (P less than 0.01), and -18% (P less than 0.05), respectively, with 0.67 microgram/kg per min of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide. The glomerular filtration rate increased with 0.33 and 0.67 microgram/kg per min of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (both P less than 0.05), whereas renal blood flow did not change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUHirata Y; Ishii M; Sugimoto T; Matsuoka H; Sugimoto T; Kangawa K; Matsuo H EM8601 SOCirc Res (United States), Oct 1985, 57(4) p634-9 MJAnesthesia; Hemodynamics; Kidney; Natriuretic Peptides, Atrial MNBlood Pressure /DE; Cardiac Output /DE; Diuresis /DE; Glomerular Filtration Rate /DE; Heart Rate /DE; Kinetics; Natriuresis /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Renal Circulation /DE; Thiopental /AA MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN13523-86-9 (Pindolol); 151-50-8 (Potassium Cyanide); 154-17-6 (Deoxyglucose); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 83498-72-0 (iodocyanopindolol) IS0009-7330 LAEnglish JCDAJ SBM UI86002660 TICharacterization of a potentially reversible increase in beta-adrenergic receptors in isolated, neonatal rat cardiac myocytes with impaired energy metabolism. ABPrevious studies have reported that the numbers of beta- and alpha-adrenergic receptors increase in ischemic myocardium. In vivo studies have raised questions regarding the mechanisms involved in the adrenergic receptor alterations and the consequences of these alterations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential relationships among beta-adrenergic receptor changes, high energy phosphate reduction, and severity of cell injury in cultured neonatal rat myocytes treated with metabolic inhibitors. The potential for reversal of the receptor changes also was addressed. Binding parameters were measured using [125I]iodocyanopindolol. After 4 hours incubation in potassium cyanide and 2-deoxyglucose, there was a 43% increase in beta-adrenergic receptor number, 41% decrease in adenosine triphosphate, and minimal morphological change in myocytes. Twenty-four hours after removal of the inhibitors, myocytes exhibited a return to normal of the receptor number and adenosine triphosphate level. Iodoacetate treatment for up to 3 hours resulted in marked reduction in adenosine triphosphate and increasing severity of cell injury. The number of beta-adrenergic receptors was unchanged at 1.2 hours, increased at 1.5-2 hours, and decreased at 3 hours. Thus: beta-adrenergic receptor density increases during relatively early stages of injury in metabolically impaired myocytes with reduced adenosine triphosphate levels and decreases subsequently, after the myocytes become irreversibly injured; the increased beta-adrenergic receptor density in moderately injured myocytes can be reversed upon removal of the injurious agent and restoration of the cellular adenosine triphosphate level; and changes in catecholamines mediated by an intact nervous system are not required for an increase in beta-adrenergic receptor density in the setting of impaired energy metabolism. AUBuja LM; Muntz KH; Rosenbaum T; Haghani Z; Buja DK; Sen A; Chien KR; Willerson JT EM8601 IDHL 17669 SOCirc Res (United States), Oct 1985, 57(4) p640-5 MJAnimals, Newborn; Energy Metabolism; Myocardium; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta /ME MNAdenosine Triphosphate /ME; Binding, Competitive; Deoxyglucose /PD; Energy Metabolism /DE; Pindolol /AA /ME; Potassium Cyanide /PD; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-7330 LAEnglish JCDAJ SBM UI86002661 TIRetraction: Angiotensin-converting enzyme and oxygen tension. [Retraction of Stalcup SA, Pang LM, Lipset JS, Odya CE, Goodfriend TL, Mellins RB. In Circ Res 1978 Nov;43(5):705-11 and Davidson D, Stalcup SA, Mellins RB. In Circ Res 1981 Feb;48(2):286-91] AUStalcup SA; Lipset JS; Odya CE; Goodfriend TL; Davidson D; Pang LM; Mellins RB EM8601 SOCirc Res (United States), Oct 1985, 57(4) p646 MJRetraction of Publication IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002663 TIAmerican Heart Association. Abstracts. 58th scientific sessions of the American Heart Association. November 11-14, 1985, Washington, D.C. EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Oct 1985, 72(4 Pt 2) pIIIA-IIIH, III1-III597 MJHeart Diseases MNCoronary Disease; Heart Surgery MTAnimal; Human RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine) IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002664 TIEffects of sublingual nifedipine on hemodynamics and systolic and diastolic function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ABThe hemodynamic effects of sublingual nifedipine were examined in 36 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Twenty-one patients were initially given 20 mg and 15 patients were given 10 mg of the drug; 30 min after this first dose 26 patients received 10 mg and one patient 20 mg as a second dose. Hemodynamic findings in patients who received different doses of the drug were similar. Peak effects included an increase in heart rate from 79 +/- 12 to 91 +/- 14 (mean +/- 1 SD) beats/min (p less than .01), and a decrease in mean blood pressure from 89 +/- 12 to 77 +/- 10 mm Hg (p less than .01). Cardiac index increased after nifedipine (2.8 +/- 0.6 to 3.3 +/- 0.8 liters/min/m2; p less than .01); stroke volume index, however, did not change (36 +/- 7 to 36 +/- 8 ml/beat/m2; NS). Peripheral vascular resistance index fell significantly from 822 +/- 261 to 610 +/- 197 dynes X sec X cm-5 (p less than .01). Overall, left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) did not change in patients with significant (greater than or equal to 30 mm Hg) basal LVOTG (75 +/- 22 to 83 +/- 22 mm Hg; NS), but it increased significantly in those six patients in whom peripheral vascular resistance fell by 25% or more (73 +/- 28 to 99 +/- 22 mm Hg; p less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBetocchi S; Cannon RO 3d; Watson RM; Bonow RO; Ostrow HG; Epstein SE; Rosing DR EM8601 IDFO5 TW03350 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1001-7 MJCardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Nifedipine MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemodynamics /DE; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002665 TIGlobal and regional right ventricular function in normal infants and infants with transposition of the great arteries after Senning operation. ABEchocardiographic assessment of right ventricular size, global function, and regional wall motion was performed in 29 normal infants and 19 infants with transposition of the great arteries 1 to 41 months after they underwent the Senning procedure. Sixteen of the patients with transposition of the great arteries were in clinically good condition and three had congestive heart failure. The right ventricular endocardial surface was digitized frame by frame for a complete cardiac cycle in both subxiphoid long-axis (coronal plane) and short-axis (parasagittal plane) views, and the cross-sectional area and the area change fraction (AF) were calculated. In each plane the right ventricular wall was subdivided into four anatomic regions (infundibular, free wall, diaphragmatic, and septal). With the use of a floating point center of mass model the direction and average extent of motion of the endocardium was determined for each region. In normal infants the infundibular and free wall portions of the right ventricle exhibited the greatest inward motion and the septal segments the least inward motion. Although the maximal area in both long-axis (r = .85) and short-axis (r = .85) views was highly correlated with body surface area (BSA), neither global nor regional function was significantly correlated with age or BSA. In clinically well patients after Senning procedure regional right ventricular function followed an entirely different pattern than that seen in normal infants. The endocardium of the septal segments showed the greatest inward motion in systole. In contrast to those in normal infants, maximal and minimal cross-sectional areas did not correlate significantly with BSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUTrowitzsch E; Colan SD; Sanders SP EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1008-14 MJHeart Ventricle; Transposition of Great Vessels MNChild, Preschool; Heart Septum /PP; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Transposition of Great Vessels /SU MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002666 TIIntraoperative detection of myocardial ischemia in high-risk patients: electrocardiography versus two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. ABBecause acute segmental wall motion abnormalities (SWMAs) of the left ventricle are highly sensitive and specific indicators of myocardial ischemia, this study compared the incidence and significance of ischemia, as detected by two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and surface electrocardiography, during anesthesia and surgery in patients at high risk of myocardial ischemia. During surgery, 24 of the 50 patients studied had new SWMAs, whereas only six had ST segment changes. All patients with ST segment changes also had new SWMAs: in three instances, SWMAs occurred before the ST segment change, and in three instances, they occurred simultaneously. All three patients who had intraoperative myocardial infarctions also had persistent intraoperative SWMAs, whereas only one patient had ST segment changes. Ten healthy patients requiring noncardiovascular surgery were monitored similarly; none of these had SWMAs, ST segment changes, or myocardial infarction. This study demonstrates the superiority of two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography over electrocardiography for the intraoperative detection of myocardial ischemia. Furthermore, when new SWMAs persist to the conclusion of surgery, myocardial infarction is likely to have occurred. AUSmith JS; Cahalan MK; Benefiel DJ; Byrd BF; Lurz FW; Shapiro WA; Roizen MF; Bouchard A; Schiller NB EM8601 ID1R23GM-28502-03; NIA 1 PO 1; AGO3104-02,3 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1015-21 MJElectrocardiography; Myocardial Infarction MNHeart Ventricle /PP; Intraoperative Care; Myocardial Infarction /SU; Risk MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002667 TITranscutaneous oxygen recovery and toe pulse reappearance time in the assessment of peripheral vascular disease. ABThe accuracy of measurements of transcutaneous oxygen tension (Ptco2) in the diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) may be significantly increased by stressing limb circulation with the use of temporary ischemia. The purpose of this study was to compare the transcutaneous oxygen recovery half-time (TORT) and the toe pulse reappearance time (PRT/2) in a series of patients with symptomatic PVD before and after vascular reconstruction. The TORT was defined as the time required to recover half of the decrease in the limb/chest Ptco2 ratio caused by temporary limb ischemia, and is conceptually comparable to the toe PRT/2, the time required to recover half of the control toe pulse amplitude. Measurement of TORT was found to be more feasible (100% vs 58%) and to have a greater diagnostic yield (100% vs 92%) than that of the toe PRT/2. When measured on the dorsum of the foot, TORT values were found to correlate well with the severity of symptoms of PVD; toe PRT/2 values did not correlate with severity of symptoms. Patients who underwent successful vascular reconstruction had significant improvement in their calf and foot TORT values after surgery (p less than .005 and .0005, respectively); postoperative values were similar to those obtained in normal subjects. Toe PRT/2 values usually improved postoperatively, but in many patients postoperative values overlapped with values that were considered abnormal. There was no overlap of TORT values in normal subjects with those in patients with symptomatic PVD. The measurement of TORT may be clinically useful for screening patients with suspected PVD and for assessing quantitatively the results of conservative and surgical therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUKram HB; White RA; Tabrisky J; Appel PL; Fleming AW; Shoemaker WC EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1022-7 MJOxygen; Toes /PP; Vascular Diseases MNAdult; Aged; Foot /BS /PP; Leg /BS /PP; Middle Age; Pulse; Toes /BS; Vascular Diseases /PP MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002668 TIComputer detection of atrioventricular dissociation from surface electrocardiograms during wide QRS complex tachycardias. ABDifferentiation of wide QRS complex tachycardias on surface electrocardiograms is difficult for physicians and computers due in part to their inability to identify atrial activity, specifically atrioventricular (AV) dissociation. We studied 20 examples of AV associated rhythms and 17 examples of AV dissociated ventricular tachycardia. We applied an algorithm consisting of subtraction of a mean beat from each individual beat in leads II and V1 to generate remainder electrocardiograms. The remainder electrocardiograms were visually inspected for the presence of P wave candidates and then autocorrelated. AV dissociated P wave candidates were evident on visual inspection of remainder electrocardiograms in none of 20 AV associated and 15 of 17 AV dissociated rhythms. Atrial cycle length and the presence of AV dissociation were automatically detected by applying a peak selection algorithm to the autocorrelation function. AV association was detected in all 20 AV associated rhythms and AV dissociation was detected for 11 of 17 AV dissociated rhythms (sensitivity 65%, specificity 100%, positive and negative predictive accuracy 100%, 77%). The correlation coefficient of detected vs true atrial cycle length for the 11 correctly detected AV dissociated rhythms was r = .98. Visual inspection of the remainder electrocardiograms along with the original electrocardiogram may increase the ease with which human readers can identify the presence of AV dissociation and thus diagnose ventricular tachycardia. Computer diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardias should be significantly improved by use of this algorithm. AUSlocum J; Byrom E; McCarthy L; Sahakian A; Swiryn S EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1028-36 MJComputers; Electrocardiography; Tachycardia MNAtrioventricular Node /PP; Tachycardia /PP MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002669 TIMaintenance of exercise stroke volume during ventricular versus atrial synchronous pacing: role of contractility. ABAlthough atrial synchronous and rate-responsive ventricular pacing have been compared, the importance of maintaining synchronized atrial systole in addition to rate responsiveness has been incompletely defined. That is, the effects of these two pacing modes on cardiac volumes and contractility have not been studied. Accordingly, 16 patients with normal ventricular function were studied while in the upright position and at rest with gated radionuclide ventriculography during both atrial synchronous and ventricular pacing. Twelve of these patients were also studied during low-level upright exercise (300 kilopond-meters). Rest and exercise ventricular pacing heart rates were matched to those recorded with synchronous pacing. Ventricular volumes were determined with a counts-based method. The ejection fraction and peak systolic pressure/end-systolic volumes or contractility between the two pacing modes. However, during exercise to identical heart rates, blood pressures, and workloads, although stroke volume was the same during exercise with atrial synchronous and ventricular pacing (78 +/- 13 vs 75 +/- 12 ml), end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were lower with ventricular pacing than with atrial synchronous pacing (end-diastolic volume 101 +/- 13 vs 113 +/- 16 ml, p less than .001; end-systolic volume 26 +/- 4 vs 35 +/- 7 ml, p less than .001). Stroke volume during ventricular paced exercise was maintained at atrial synchronous pacing levels by means of increased contractility (ejection fraction of 74 +/- 4% during ventricular pacing vs 69 +/- 5% during atrial synchronous pacing, p = .002; peak systolic pressure/end-systolic volume ratio of 6.51 +/- 1 during ventricular pacing vs 4.85 +/- 1 during atrial synchronous pacing, p less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUAusubel K; Steingart RM; Shimshi M; Klementowicz P; Furman S EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1037-43 MJCardiac Pacing, Artificial; Myocardial Contraction; Stroke Volume MNAdult; Aged; Exertion; Heart Atrium /PH /RI; Heart Ventricle /PH /RI; Middle Age; Rest MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002670 TIIn-hospital morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing elective coronary angioplasty. ABWe prospectively recorded all in-hospital complications of the first 3500 consecutive patients to undergo elective coronary angioplasty (PTCA) at Emory University Hospitals from July 14, 1980, to August 28, 1984, by three operators. PTCA was attempted in a total of 3933 lesions, with a primary success rate of 91%. Multiple-lesion PTCA was performed in 401 patients, and PTCA of saphenous vein grafts was attempted in 172. No complications were recorded in 3116 (89%) cases, isolated minor complications occurred in 241 (6.9%), and major complications (emergency surgery, myocardial infarction, death) were observed in 145 (4.1%). Emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) was performed in 96 patients (2.7%), with a myocardial infarction rate of 49% (47/96), a Q wave infarction rate of 23% (22/96), and an emergency surgery mortality rate of 2% (2/96). Hospital discharge occurred within 2 weeks of attempted PTCA in 91% (87/96) of patients undergoing emergency CABG. The overall myocardial infarction rate was 2.6% (94/3500). There were two nonsurgical deaths, giving a total mortality rate of 0.1% (4/3500). Univariate and multivariate analysis of 3099 patients undergoing single-lesion PTCA identified five preprocedure predictors of a major complication: multivessel coronary disease, lesion eccentricity, presence of calcium in the lesion, female gender, and lesion length. Unstable angina, duration of angina, lesion severity, previous CABG, and vein graft dilatation were not associated with an increased incidence of major complications. The strongest predictor of a major complication was the procedural appearance of an intimal dissection. Intimal dissection was evident in 894/3099 (29%) patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBredlau CE; Roubin GS; Leimgruber PP; Douglas JS Jr; King SB 3d; Gruentzig AR EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1044-52 MJAngioplasty, Transluminal; Coronary Disease MNAortocoronary Bypass; Hospitals; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.4.- (Streptokinase) IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002671 TIThe effects of the rate of intravenous infusion of streptokinase and the duration of symptoms on the time interval to reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction. ABWe studied the influence of the following variables on the time interval from initiation of an intravenous infusion of 750,000 U of streptokinase until reperfusion (reperfusion time) in 140 consecutive patients with an evolving acute myocardial infarction: (1) the rate of infusion of streptokinase, (2) the duration of chest pain before initiation of treatment, (3) patient age, (4) patient sex, (5) location of infarction, (6) history of previous myocardial infarction, and (7) pretreatment pathologic Q waves. The time of reperfusion was recognized by clinical criteria that were completely concordant with the anatomic findings in all 119 patients in whom patency or occlusion of the artery of infarction was established at delayed angiography (n = 116) or at postmortem examination (n = 3). The mean reperfusion time for the 129 patients for whom data were available was 49 +/- 36 min. The reperfusion time was inversely related to the rate of infusion of streptokinase (r = .41, p less than .001), but this effect of infusion rate appeared to plateau at rates of greater than 500 U/kg/min. In the 64 patients receiving infusions at rates of 500 U/kg/min or less, the mean reperfusion time was 60 +/- 40 min, whereas in the 58 patients receiving the drug at rates greater than 500 U/kg/min it was 35 +/- 22 min (p less than .001). The duration of chest pain before treatment was the only other studied variable found to influence the reperfusion time, but only at infusion rates of less than 250 U/kg/min (r = .6, p less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AULew AS; Laramee P; Cercek B; Rodriguez L; Shah PK; Ganz W EM8601 ID17651 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1053-8 MJMyocardial Infarction; Streptokinase /TU MNAcute Disease; Adult; Aged; Coronary Circulation; Infusions, Parenteral; Middle Age; Myocardial Infarction /PP; Streptokinase /AD; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-78-2 (Aspirin); 58-32-2 (Dipyridamole); 6493-05-6 (Pentoxifylline); 81-81-2 (Warfarin); 83-67-0 (Theobromine) IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002672 TIWarfarin versus dipyridamole-aspirin and pentoxifylline-aspirin for the prevention of prosthetic heart valve thromboembolism: a prospective randomized clinical trial. ABIn a prospective, randomized, parallel study, two regimens of platelet-suppressant therapy (PST)--dipyridamole-aspirin and pentoxifylline-aspirin--were compared with standard oral anticoagulation with warfarin in the prevention of prosthetic heart valve thromboembolism. In the entire group of 254 patients followed for 395.6 patient-years, the thromboembolic rate was significantly less in the warfarin group (warfarin vs dipyridamole-aspirin, p less than .005; warfarin vs pentoxifylline-aspirin, p less than .05). Subgroup analysis disclosed that, in patients with isolated mitral valve replacement, warfarin was superior to both of the PSTs with respect to the prevention of thromboembolism (warfarin vs dipyridamole-aspirin, p = .005; warfarin vs pentoxifylline-aspirin, p less than .05). Furthermore, a significant number of our patients could not tolerate the antiplatelet agents. However, in the rare situation in which repeated significant bleeding occurs despite careful adjustment of the dosage of warfarin, PST may be an acceptable alternate method of thromboembolism prophylaxis. AUMok CK; Boey J; Wang R; Chan TK; Cheung KL; Lee PK; Chow J; Ng RP; Tse TF EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1059-63 MJAspirin; Dipyridamole; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Pentoxifylline; Postoperative Complications /PC; Theobromine; Thromboembolism /PC; Warfarin MNAdult; Clinical Trials; Drug Combinations; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications /DT; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Thromboembolism /DT MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1951-25-3 (Amiodarone); 83409-32-9 (desethylamiodarone) IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002673 TIAmiodarone and its desethyl metabolite: tissue distribution and morphologic changes during long-term therapy. ABThe pharmacokinetic characteristics of amiodarone suggest extensive tissue deposition. We confirmed this by measuring tissue concentrations of the drug and of its major metabolite, desethylamiodarone, in human tissues. These were obtained at autopsy (n = 9), surgery (n = 7), or biopsy (n = 2) from 18 patients who had been treated with amiodarone for varying periods of time. High concentrations of amiodarone were found in fat (316 mg/kg wet weight in autopsy specimens, 344 mg/kg wet weight in biopsy specimens). Amiodarone and desethylamiodarone concentrations (mg/kg wet weight, autopsy samples) were also high in liver (391 and 2354), lung (198 and 952), adrenal gland (137 and 437), testis (89 and 470), and lymph node (83 and 316). We also found high concentrations of amiodarone (306 mg/kg wet weight) and desethylamiodarone (943 mg/kg wet weight) in abnormally pigmented (╥blue╙) skin from patients with amiodarone-induced skin pigmentation. These values were 10-fold higher than those in unpigmented skin from the same patients. These high concentrations were associated with lysosomal inclusion bodies in dermal macrophages in the pigmented skin. The inclusion bodies were intrinsically electron dense and were shown to contain iodine by energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis. Lysosomal inclusion bodies shown by electron microscopy to be multilamellar were seen in other tissues. These tissues included terminal nerve fibers in pigmented skin, pulmonary macrophages, blood neutrophils, and hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. These characteristic ultrastructural findings occur in both genetic lipidoses and lipidoses induced by other drugs, e.g., perhexiline. We conclude that during therapy with amiodarone, widespread deposition of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone occurs. This leads to ultrastructural changes typical of a lipidosis. These changes are seen clearly in tissues associated with the unwanted effects of amiodarone, e.g., skin, liver and lung. AUAdams PC; Holt DW; Storey GC; Morley AR; Callaghan J; Campbell RW EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1064-75 MJAmiodarone /TU; Arrhythmia; Benzofurans MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Amiodarone /AA /AN; Arrhythmia /PA; Coronary Disease /DT /PA; Liver /PA /UL; Long Term Care; Lung /PA; Middle Age; Skin /PA /UL MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002674 TIEffects of intravascular volume state on the value of pulsus paradoxus and right ventricular diastolic collapse in predicting cardiac tamponade. ABBoth pulsus paradoxus and right ventricular diastolic collapse detected by two-dimensional echocardiography are noninvasive markers of impaired cardiac function in cardiac tamponade, yet the reliability of each may vary with the patient's state of hydration. To examine the relative value of these noninvasive markers at various states of hydration, we studied five chronically prepared, conscious mongrel dogs during 37 episodes of cardiac tamponade at three different intravascular volumes. We continuously measured cardiac output (electromagnetic flowmeter), aortic blood pressure, right atrial blood pressure, intrapericardial pressure, and respirations. Intravascular volume was varied by adjusting the mean right atrial blood pressure to hypovolemic (-2 to -6 mm Hg), euvolemic (0 to 4 mm Hg), or hypervolemic (6 to 10 mm Hg) levels. The sensitivity and specificity of right ventricular diastolic collapse in predicting increases in intrapericardial pressure remained high at all levels of hydration. Pulsus paradoxus showed good sensitivity and specificity at low intravascular volumes, but both sensitivity and specificity declined at higher intravascular volumes. Thus right ventricular diastolic collapse was more sensitive and more specific than pulsus paradoxus in detecting increases in intrapericardial pressure during euvolemia and hypervolemia whereas the two tests were equally valuable in hypovolemic states. AUCogswell TL; Bernath GA; Wann LS; Hoffman RG; Brooks HL; Klopfenstein HS EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1076-80 MJBlood Volume; Cardiac Tamponade; Pulse MNBlood Pressure; Cardiac Tamponade /PP; Diastole; Dogs; Heart Ventricle /PP; Pericardium /PP MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002675 TIComparison of pathologic and angiographic findings in a porcine preparation of coronary atherosclerosis. ABCoronary atherosclerosis was induced in Yorkshire swine by diet-induced hyperlipidemia and balloon intimal abrasion of a coronary artery. Severe stenoses pathologically similar to the lesions of human atherosclerosis were seen after 8 months of the atherogenic regimen. To examine the relationship between the angiogram and pathology in the assessment of the extent and location of coronary atherosclerosis, antemortem angiographic results were compared with results of pathologic examination. Vernier caliper measurements of the coronary angiogram were compared with results of morphometric evaluation of perfusion-fixed coronary arteries. Isolated focal stenoses were correctly localized and quantified, as were focal lesions within vessels diffusely diseased. Both overestimation and underestimation of lesions occurred at bifurcation sites. Diffuse disease without focal stenoses was not well demonstrated angiographically. Vessels that were angiographically thought to be normal or only minimally diseased demonstrated significantly larger lumens angiographically than pathologically. This is believed to be due to fixation and paraffin-processing artifact, even though fixation was performed by perfusion at physiologic pressure. The demonstration of an excellent correlation between the luminal size as determined angiographically and morphometrically at sites of focal obstruction confirms the value of quantitation of coronary angiograms in vivo as a diagnostic tool in coronary atherosclerosis. AUWeiner BH; Ockene IS; Jarmolych J; Fritz KE; Daoud AS EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1081-6 MJCoronary Disease MNAngiography; Coronary Disease /PA /RA; Swine MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN68335-15-9 (hematoporphyrin D) IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002676 TIUptake of hematoporphyrin derivative by valvular vegetations in experimental infective endocarditis. ABDrugs that localize in valvular vegetations may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis. We therefore tested the hypothesis that parenterally injected hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD), which is concentrated in tumors and atherosclerotic plaques, localizes in the vegetations of experimental infective endocarditis. In 14 rabbits, various bacteria were given intra-arterially immediately after injury to the aortic valve. In 12 additional rabbits, sterile vegetations on the aortic valve were produced by the trauma caused by an indwelling catheter that had been in place over a long period. HPD, 2.5 mg/kg, was injected intravenously 1 to 2 days before the animals were killed in six rabbits with sterile vegetations and in seven rabbits with infected vegetations. In all rabbits, multiple vegetations on the aortic valve leaflets were identified. On exposure to ultraviolet light, strong porphyrin fluorescence of all vegetations, whether sterile or infected, was observed only in rabbits given HPD. In two rabbits given HPD 10 weeks after catheter implantation across the aortic valve, however, only mild fluorescence could be detected in healing endocardial vegetations. In frozen sections of HPD-laden lesions, a patchy distribution of fluorescence was observed that was similar to the pattern of HPD localization in atheromatous plaques. Since vegetations in experimental infective endocarditis selectively concentrate HPD, porphyrins could be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis. AUSpokojny AM; Sinclair IN; Schnitt S; Paulin S; Spears JR EM8601 IDR01-HL33252-01 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1087-91 MJEndocarditis, Bacterial; Hematoporphyrins; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections MNEndocarditis, Bacterial /DT; Hematoporphyrins /TU; Rabbits; Staphylococcal Infections /DT; Streptococcal Infections /DT MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-46-2 (Cesium); 7647-17-8 (cesium chloride) IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002677 TICesium chloride-induced long QT syndrome: demonstration of afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in vivo. ABThe identification of afterdepolarizations and their relationship to arrhythmias in vivo is not available. Experiments were undertaken to determine whether afterdepolarizations could be detected in monophasic action potentials (MAPs) recorded in vivo and whether they were related to arrhythmias in an intact canine preparation of the long QT syndrome. Isolated cardiac tissues from six dogs were studied to validate the technique. In simultaneous MAP and transmembrane recordings, afterdepolarizations induced with barium (early) or acetylstrophanthidin (delayed) were detected in MAPs when present in microelectrode recordings. MAPs were then recorded in situ in eight dogs with cesium chloride-induced long QT syndrome associated with ventricular arrhythmias. Afterdepolarizations were identified in each of the dogs and were similar to early afterdepolarizations identified in vitro; they occurred during phase 3 and were attenuated during overdrive pacing. The afterdepolarizations were closely related to arrhythmias: (1) afterdepolarizations always preceded ventricular arrhythmias, (2) the coupling intervals (CI) of the afterdepolarizations (AD) and the ventricular premature beats (VPB) were nearly identical (VPB CI = 1.06 AD CI -10.24; r2 = .87), (3) the take-off potentials of the ventricular premature beats were nearly identical to the amplitude of the afterdepolarizations (take-off potential = 0.98 afterdepolarization amplitude +0.46, r2 = .87), and (4) afterdepolarizations and ventricular arrhythmias resolved concurrently during overdrive pacing and with time. Thus, a new catheter technique has been validated and has been used to directly identify afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in vivo. AULevine JH; Spear JF; Guarnieri T; Weisfeldt ML; de Langen CD; Becker LC; Moore EN EM8601 IDHL-28393; HL-25213; HL-33593; + SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1092-103 MJArrhythmia /PP MNAction Potentials; Arrhythmia /CI; Cesium; Dogs; Heart Ventricle /PP; Membrane Potentials MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002678 TIEffects of right ventricular ischemia on left ventricular geometry and the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship in the dog. ABWe studied the effects of right ventricular ischemia on left ventricular three-dimensional geometry and the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship in 16 open-chest dogs before and after pericardiectomy. Left ventricular volume was calculated from three internal dimensions measured with ultrasonic crystals. In one group of eight dogs, right coronary artery (RCA) occlusion for 2 min with the pericardium intact reduced aortic flow by 24 +/- 9% (p less than .001) and septal-lateral dimension by 8 +/- 5% (p less than .01), without changing anterior-posterior and apical-basal dimensions. However, parameters of left ventricular systolic function (aortic flow, left ventricular systolic pressure, peak dP/dt, and mean percent systolic shortening) were similar to those observed at a comparable level of left ventricular end-diastolic volume during inferior vena caval occlusion. In the other group of eight dogs, during RCA occlusion before pericardiectomy the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship determined during rapid blood transfusion shifted leftward and upward significantly from the preocclusion relationship. After pericardiectomy, RCA occlusion caused less significant changes in aortic flow and septal-lateral dimension as well as in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship. We concluded that right ventricular ischemia causes a leftward shift of the interventricular septum in end-diastole and an alteration of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship without changing left ventricular myocardial performance. These changes are enhanced by the intact pericardium. AUGoto Y; Yamamoto J; Saito M; Haze K; Sumiyoshi T; Fukami K; Hiramori K EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1104-14 MJCoronary Disease; Heart Ventricle MNBlood Pressure; Blood Volume; Diastole; Dogs MTAnimal IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002679 TIContrast echocardiographic estimation of regional myocardial blood flow after acute coronary occlusion. ABContrast echocardiography can predict pathologic area at risk during acute coronary occlusion. In this study we evaluated (1) whether the intensity and timing of contrast appearance in ischemic regions can provide a quantitative measure of residual myocardial perfusion, and (2) whether changes in these parameters observed after serial injections reflect changes in blood flow to acutely ischemic tissue. Supra-aortic hydrogen peroxide contrast echocardiography was performed in 12 consecutive dogs at 1, 20, and 120 min after acute circumflex coronary occlusion. Contrast enhancement was determined qualitatively with a segmental four-point scoring system based on the appearance time and peak perceived intensity of contrast enhancement and quantitatively with a computer algorithm designed to reflect these parameters. Comparison was made in each segment to concomitant radioactive microsphere blood flow. Qualitative scoring related systematically to normalized segmental blood flow (3+ = 93%; 2+ = 61%; 1+ = 32%; 0 = 18%; p less than .01 for each vs adjacent value), as did quantitative analysis including all segments (r = .78; p less than .01) and isolated to the ischemic region (flow = 1.13 intensity change +6.8%; r = .83, p less than .001). Changes in microsphere flow in ischemic regions between sequential observations were correlated with changes in qualitative score (r = .88, p less than .001) and results of quantitative analysis (r = 0.70, p less than .01). The amount of contrast enhancement can provide quantitative information about residual myocardial blood flow in ischemic regions and can also be used to track changing patterns of flow in vivo after acute coronary occlusion. AUKemper AJ; Force T; Kloner R; Gilfoil M; Perkins L; Hale S; Alker K; Parisi AF EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1115-24 MJCoronary Circulation; Echocardiography MNConstriction; Contrast Media; Coronary Disease /DI /RA; Dogs; Microspheres; Radiography; Regional Blood Flow MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002680 TIMechanisms of improving regional and global ventricular function by preload alterations during acute ischemia in the canine left ventricle. ABWe examined the influence of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) on the mechanical interaction between ischemic and nonischemic areas during acute myocardial ischemia. Circumferentially oriented ultrasonic segment gauges were implanted in the midwall of the anterior apex and posterior apex of the left ventricle in seven anesthetized dogs. Stroke volume was measured with a flow probe around the ascending aorta in five of these animals. We varied LVEDP with vena caval occlusion and dextran infusions to three matched levels (7, 12, and 19 mm Hg) before and 30 min after complete occlusion of the mid left anterior descending coronary artery. With acute ischemia, the anterior apex or ischemic zone demonstrated marked segmental lengthening during isovolumetric systole (end-diastole to aortic valve opening) and akinesis during the ejection phase (aortic valve opening to closure). In the posterior apex or nonischemic area, isovolumetric shortening increased and ejection phase shortening decreased during acute ischemia when compared with those under control conditions at the same LVEDP. Thus, a portion of the shortening generated by the nonischemic area was expended in stretching the ischemic zone during isovolumetric systole, thereby reducing the amount of ejection phase shortening. As LVEDP was increased, there was a parallel decrease in both the amount of isovolumetric lengthening in the ischemic zone and the isovolumetric shortening in the nonischemic area. As a result, acute ischemia produced less of a reduction in ejection phase shortening in the nonischemic area and in stroke volume at high as compared with low LVEDP. We conclude that the ischemic zone imposes a mechanical disadvantage on the nonischemic area, the magnitude of which is directly proportional to the amount of isovolumetric lengthening or bulge in the ischemic zone. An increase in LVEDP during acute ischemia improves regional and global ventricular function by both the Frank-Starling mechanism in the nonischemic (but not the ischemic) area and by reducing the mechanical disadvantage that the ischemic zone imposes on the nonischemic area. AULew WY; Ban-Hayashi E EM8601 IDHL-28644 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1125-34 MJCoronary Disease; Heart Ventricle MNDiastole; Dogs; Pressure MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002681 TICoronary risk factor statement for the American public. A statement of the nutrition committee. AUGrundy SM; Arky R; Bray GA; Brown WV; Ernst ND; Kwiterovich PO Jr; Mattson F; Weidman WH; Schonfeld G; Strong JP; et al EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p1135A-1139A MJCoronary Disease /ET MNAmerican Heart Association; Coronary Disease /CO /PC; Diabetes Mellitus /CO; Hypercholesterolemia /CO; Hypertension /CO; Life Style; Obesity /CO; Physical Examination; Risk; Smoking; Stress, Psychological /CO; United States MTHuman IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002682 TIAtherogenic lipoproteins and coronary artery disease: concepts derived from recent advances in cellular and molecular biology. AUMahley RW EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p943-8 MJCoronary Disease /ME; Lipoproteins /ME MNApolipoproteins E /ME; Coronary Disease /BL; Hypercholesterolemia, Familial /ME; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III /ME; Lipoproteins, HDL /ME; Lipoproteins, LDL /ME; Lipoproteins, VLDL /ME; Lipoproteins /BL MTHuman IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002683 TIA consideration of antiarrhythmic therapy. AUZipes DP EM8601 IDHL-06308; HL-07182 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p949-56 MJAnti-Arrhythmia Agents /TU MNAdministration, Oral; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents /AD /CL /PD; Arrhythmia /SU /TH; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Heart Block /DT; Long Term Care; Tachycardia /DT; Ventricular Fibrillation /DT MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002684 TIIncreased lung vasoreactivity in children from Leadville, Colorado, after recovery from high-altitude pulmonary edema. ABCardiac catheterization was performed on seven children after recovery from high-altitude pulmonary edema. All were life-long residents at elevations above 10,000 feet. Three of the seven had developed pulmonary edema without antecedent travel to low altitude but had an upper respiratory infection. Response of pulmonary arterial pressure to 16% inspired oxygen in all seven was compared with that in six well children who resided at a similar altitude and had no history of high-altitude pulmonary edema. With hypoxia the susceptible patients had a greater mean pulmonary arterial pressure (56.3 +/- 23.8) than the nonsusceptible children (18.8 +/- 3.9, p less than .05). Comparison with historical hemodynamic responses in children at high altitudes showed a similar greater mean pulmonary arterial pressure in the susceptible children. Thus, in children from high altitudes, increased pulmonary vasoreactivity to hypoxia may play a role in the pathogenesis of high-altitude pulmonary edema. The development of pulmonary edema in high-altitude residents with upper respiratory infections and no antecedent low-altitude journey is consistent with the presence of other factors such as inflammation, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of the edema. The finding of right ventricular hypertrophy on an electrocardiogram in children from high altitudes may be predictive of their susceptibility to high-altitude pulmonary edema. AUFasules JW; Wiggins JW; Wolfe RR EM8601 IDHL 14985; HL 07171 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p957-62 MJLung; Pulmonary Edema; Vasomotor System MNAltitude; Anoxia /PP; Child, Preschool; Child; Hemodynamics MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002685 TIComplex ventricular arrhythmias in patients with Q wave versus non-Q wave myocardial infarction. ABWe examined whether or not subsets of patients with complex ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction are at high risk with respect to 1 year mortality after hospital discharge. Based on previous studies showing increased risk for those with non-Q wave infarcts, we hypothesized that complex PVCs (premature ventricular complexes) in this group might be associated with a poorer prognosis than complex PVCs in patients with Q wave infarcts. Seven hundred seventy-seven patients entering our study with acute infarction were followed prospectively for 1 year after undergoing a predischarge 24 hr ambulatory electrocardiographic examination. Patients were classified by electrocardiographic criteria into the following groups: Non-Q wave (n = 191), Q wave anterior (n = 261), and Q wave inferior infarction (n = 325). The following arrhythmias were classified as complex: multiform PVCs, couplets, and ventricular tachycardia. Sixty-two percent of patients with non-Q wave infarcts who did not survive 1 year had complex PVCs, compared with 32% of survivors (p less than .01). No differences were seen in the Q wave subgroup. The survival for patients with Q wave and non-Q wave infarction without complex PVCs were nearly identical at 1 year (93% and 90%), whereas in patients with complex PVCs survival for those with Q wave and non-Q wave infarction was 92% and 76%, respectively (p less than .001). Of those with non-Q wave infarction, only 4% of nonsurvivors were free of any PVCs, as compared with 28% of nonsurvivors in the Q wave group (p less than .02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUMaisel AS; Scott N; Gilpin E; Ahnve S; Le Winter M; Henning H; Collins D; Ross J Jr EM8601 IDHL 17682 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p963-70 MJArrhythmia; Myocardial Infarction MNAged; Electrocardiography; Heart Ventricle /PP; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002686 TIThe relationship of white cell count, platelet count, and hematocrit to cigarette smoking in adolescents: the Oslo Youth Study. ABThis article reports on the relationship between cigarette smoking, white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PC), and hematocrit in a Norwegian adolescent population. Data were obtained on 439 youths, 14 to 16 years old, as part of the Oslo Youth Study, an investigation of risk factors and behaviors for cardiovascular disease and cancer among adolescents. Analyses of covariance, controlling for height, weight, age, sexual maturation, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and hematocrit revealed that both male and female regular smokers (those reporting smoking at least once a week) had significantly higher mean WBCs. Male regular smokers also had significantly higher PCs than nonsmokers, and female regular smokers had higher PCs than young women who smoked less often than once a month. Hematocrit, after adjustment for height, weight, age, sexual maturation, and HDL cholesterol, was significantly lower in male regular smokers, while female regular smokers had higher hematocrit values than nonsmokers or occasional smokers. Results of this study show that WBC and PC were increased in adolescents who started smoking relatively recently. This indicates that the increase in white cell count observed in smokers is unlikely to be due to a longstanding smoking-induced chronic disease condition. AUTell GS; Grimm RH Jr; Vellar OD; Theodorsen L EM8601 ID5-T32-HL-07328 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p971-4 MJHematocrit; Leukocyte Count; Platelet Count; Smoking MNAdolescence; Child; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol /BL; Norway MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine) IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002687 TIIsometric exercise in patients with chronic advanced heart failure: hemodynamic and neurohumoral evaluation. ABWe evaluated the hemodynamic effects of isometric exercise in 53 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and compared them with those found in 10 normal subjects. In both groups, isometric exercise increased heart rate and blood pressure. Systemic resistance increased in patients with CHF (1862 +/- 520 vs 2126 +/- 642 dyne-sec-cm-5; p less than .001) but not in normal subjects (1359 +/- 268 vs 1380 +/- 252 dyne-sec-cm-5). Cardiac index and stroke volume index increased mildly but not significantly in the normal subjects (2.8 +/- 0.5 vs 3.1 +/- 0.7 liters/min/m2 and 46 +/- 8 vs 47 +/- 7 ml/m2) and showed a significant fall in the patients with CHF (2.1 +/- 0.6 to 1.9 +/- 0.6 liters/min/m2, p less than .01 and 23 +/- 7 vs 20 +/- 7 ml/m2, p less than .01). Mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure increased in patients with CHF from 26 +/- 7 to 30 +/- 8 mm Hg (p less than .001). Although no significant change was found in mean value for stroke work index (21 +/- 9 vs 20 +/- 9 g-m/m2), the individual changes were variable, with marked decrease (greater than 15%) in 17 of the patients. This hemodynamic deterioration could not be predicted from resting hemodynamics, left ventricular ejection fraction, or functional classification. Isometric exercise resulted in no significant change in circulatory catecholamine levels or plasma renin concentration in our 10 normal subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUElkayam U; Roth A; Weber L; Hsueh W; Nanna M; Freidenberger L; Chandraratna PA; Rahimtoola SH EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p975-81 MJHeart Failure, Congestive; Isometric Contraction; Muscle Contraction MNAdult; Aged; Catecholamines /ME; Epinephrine /ME; Hemodynamics; Middle Age; Norepinephrine /ME; Renin /ME MTFemale; Human; Male RN465-65-6 (Naloxone) IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002688 TIThe nature of opioid involvement in the hemodynamic respiratory and humoral responses to exercise. ABAfter 30 min rest in the lying position, 12 healthy male volunteers (average age 22 years) received, in a randomized double-blind cross-over protocol, either saline or naloxone (10 mg iv followed by a continuous infusion of 10 mg/hr). Thereafter they rested for a further 30 min in the recumbent position and for 15 min sitting on a bicycle ergometer; they then exercised to exhaustion. At rest plasma levels of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), cortisol, and aldosterone increased during infusion of naloxone, while body temperature decreased. During exercise the difference in plasma ACTH between naloxone and saline periods was abolished, while the differences in plasma cortisol and aldosterone lost statistical significance. Intra-arterial pressure, heart rate, ventilation, O2 uptake, and CO2 output were continuously monitored throughout the experiment and were not affected by naloxone. This was also the case for several hormonal and biochemical measurements, including those of plasma renin, angiotensin II, norepinephrine, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha, glucose and lactate, and serum insulin and growth hormone. Exercise performance was not changed by naloxone. In conclusion (1) during exhaustive graded exercise of short duration opioidergic inhibition of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis is probably not sustained, (2) apart from the latter mechanism, the present study does not support the hypothesis that endogenous opioids are involved in various hemodynamic, respiratory, and hormonal responses to this type of exercise. AUStaessen J; Fiocchi R; Bouillon R; Fagard R; Lijnen P; Moerman E; De Schaepdryver A; Amery A EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p982-90 MJExertion; Hemodynamics; Naloxone /PH; Narcotics; Respiration MNAdult; Body Temperature; Naloxone /PD; Narcotic Antagonists /PH; Rest MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-7322 LAEnglish JCDAW SBA; M UI86002689 TIEffects of reduced left ventricular mass on chamber architecture, load, and function: a study of anorexia nervosa. ABWe investigated the effects of reduction in left ventricular mass on cavity geometry, afterload, pump function, and exercise performance in 17 patients with anorexia nervosa and in 10 age-and sex-matched normal subjects. Left ventricular mass index determined by two-dimensional echo-cardiography was significantly lower than that in normal subjects (53 +/- 15 vs 79 +/- 18 g/m2; p less than .005). Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes were also reduced in patients with anorexia nervosa compared with normal subjects (49 +/- 11 vs 65 +/- 17 ml/m2, p less than .005; 14 +/- 5 vs 19 +/- 4 ml/m2, p less than .025). In spite of the reductions in left ventricular mass and volume indexes, left ventricular chamber architecture described as h/R ratio, mass to volume ratio, and short/long left ventricular axis ratio were normal. Left ventricular afterload assessed as end-systolic meridional and circumferential wall stress was normal (59 +/- 18 vs 79 +/- 19 dyne/cm2 X 10(3) and 170 +/- 26 vs 167 +/- 23 dyne/cm2 X 10(3)). Ejection fraction, percent fractional shortening, and the relationship between end-systolic wall stress and ejection fraction were all within normal limits. In seven patients restudied after a 15% to 20% weight gain, left ventricular mass and volume indexes increased significantly but end-systolic wall stress and ejection fraction did not change. Ten patients with anorexia nervosa and resting heart rates and systolic blood pressures significantly lower than control values underwent treadmill testing. Exercise duration, peak heart rate, peak systolic blood pressure, and peak oxygen consumption in these patients were all significantly lower than normal. The hypotensive effect of fasting resulted in an initial decrease in afterload, which was the stimulus for reduction in left ventricular mass. The left ventricular remodeling associated with the mass reduction occurred in such a way that (1) orthogonal, meridional, and circumferential wall stresses were normalized, (2) normal chamber shape and architecture were maintained, and (3) chamber function and stress-shortening relationships were preserved. Thus down-regulation of left ventricular mass per se, like up-regulation of left ventricular mass, is not associated with abnormal left ventricular function. AUSt. John Sutton MG; Plappert T; Crosby L; Douglas P; Mullen J; Reichek N EM8601 SOCirculation (United States), Nov 1985, 72(5) p991-1000 MJAnorexia Nervosa; Heart Ventricle MNAdolescence; Adult; Blood Pressure; Exertion; Prospective Studies; Stroke Volume MTFemale; Human RN9004-61-9 (Hyaluronic Acid) IS0733-8902 LAEnglish JCDAX UI86002690 TISodium hyaluronate (Healon) in cyclodialysis. AUAlpar JJ EM8601 SOCLAO J (United States), Jul-Sep 1985, 11(3) p201-4 MJAphakia, Postcataract; Hyaluronic Acid MNAged; Eye /SU; Methods; Postoperative Complications MTHuman IS0733-8902 LAEnglish JCDAX UI86002691 TIAstigmatic analysis of the scleral pocket incision and closure technique for cataract surgery. AUMasket S EM8601 SOCLAO J (United States), Jul-Sep 1985, 11(3) p206-9 MJAstigmatism; Cataract Extraction; Sclera MTHuman IS0733-8902 LAEnglish JCDAX UI86002692 TIExperience in intraocular surgery with the Meditec OPL3 mode-locked and the LASAG Microruptor II Q-switched Nd-YAG lasers. AUAlpar JJ EM8601 SOCLAO J (United States), Jul-Sep 1985, 11(3) p211-8 MJEye Diseases; Eye; Lasers MNAged; Macular Edema, Cystoid /PC; Middle Age MTHuman RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0733-8902 LAEnglish JCDAX UI86002693 TIReproducible measurement of oxygen permeability (Dk) of contact lens materials. AUHamano H; Kawabe H; Mitsunaga S EM8601 SOCLAO J (United States), Jul-Sep 1985, 11(3) p221-6 MJContact Lenses; Oxygen; Permeability MNOxygen /PH RN57-13-6 (Urea) IS0733-8902 LAEnglish JCDAX UI86002694 TIAn accommodating contact lens. AUVestal KP; Miller D EM8601 SOCLAO J (United States), Jul-Sep 1985, 11(3) p227-30 MJContact Lenses, Hydrophilic; Refraction, Ocular MNUrea MTHuman IS0733-8902 LAEnglish JCDAX UI86002695 TIExtended wear aphakic contact lens fitting in high-risk patients. AUCarpel EF; Parker PJ EM8601 SOCLAO J (United States), Jul-Sep 1985, 11(3) p231-3 MJAphakia; Contact Lenses, Extended Wear; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic MNAdult; Aged; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Age MTHuman IS0733-8902 LAEnglish JCDAX UI86002696 TIBacterial keratitis associated with extended wear soft contact lenses. AUPatrinely JR; Wilhelmus KR; Rubin JM; Key JE 2d EM8601 SOCLAO J (United States), Jul-Sep 1985, 11(3) p234-6 MJBacterial Infections; Contact Lenses, Extended Wear; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; Keratitis MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections /PC; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Keratitis /PC; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0733-8902 LAEnglish JCDAX UI86002697 TIAging changes in the human lacrimal gland: role of the ducts. AURoen JL; Stasior OG; Jakobiec FA EM8601 SOCLAO J (United States), Jul-Sep 1985, 11(3) p237-42 MJAging; Lacrimal Apparatus; Nasolacrimal Duct MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0733-8902 LAEnglish JCDAX UI86002698 TITear film osmolarity and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. AUGilbard JP EM8601 IDEY03373 SOCLAO J (United States), Jul-Sep 1985, 11(3) p243-50 MJKeratoconjunctivitis; Lacrimal Apparatus /SE; Osmolar Concentration MNCornea /PA; Keratoconjunctivitis /PP /TH; Lacrimal Apparatus /PP; Rabbits; Tears /AN MTAnimal; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0733-8902 LAEnglish JCDAX UI86002699 TIA CLAO Journal survey of trends in ophthalmology practice. AUPersen RD; Farris RL EM8601 SOCLAO J (United States), Jul-Sep 1985, 11(3) p251-4 MJOphthalmology IS0733-8902 LAEnglish JCDAX UI86002700 TICorrection of presbyopia with contact lenses and management of posterior capsule after cataract extraction. Adapted from the January 13, 1985 meeting of the Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists (CLAO). EM8601 SOCLAO J (United States), Jul-Sep 1985, 11(3) p255-88 MJCataract Extraction; Contact Lenses; Presbyopia MNPostoperative Care MTHuman IS0009-9120 LAEnglish JCDBV SBM UI86002701 TIEleventh International Symposium on Clinical Enzymology 1984--Selected Papers. 15-18 February 1984, Rome, Italy. EM8601 SOClin Biochem (Canada), Aug 1985, 18(4) p213-46 MJEnzymes MNEnzyme Tests MTAnimal; Human RNEC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase) IS0009-9120 LAEnglish JCDBV SBM UI86002702 TIPreliminary observations on the application of carcino-placental alkaline phosphatase to the investigation of patients with seminoma of the testes. ABSuitable tumour markers for monitoring the treatment of seminoma of the testis have not yet been established in clinical practice. Carcino-placental alkaline phosphatase (CPAP) has been suggested for this purpose but it is difficult to detect and specifically analyse this enzyme. We have devised an immunoenzymatic method of analysis in which cross-reactions with liver type and intestinal alkaline phosphatase are minimal and we have applied this test to seven patients with histologically proven seminoma. CPAP was raised in 4 patients prior to treatment and chorionic gonadotrophin in two of these. Alpha-fetoprotein was normal in all cases. We conclude that the use of CPAP in monitoring treatment of testicular seminoma is worthy of further attention. AUPledger DR; Mabon J; Belfield A EM8601 SOClin Biochem (Canada), Aug 1985, 18(4) p213-6 MJAlkaline Phosphatase; Dysgerminoma /DI; Testicular Neoplasms /DI MNAdult; Aged; Dysgerminoma /BL /SU; Enzyme Tests; Follow-Up Studies; Placenta /EN; Pregnancy; Testicular Neoplasms /BL /SU MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.3.2.2 (Gamma-Glutamyltransferase) IS0009-9120 LAEnglish JCDBV SBM UI86002703 TIVariant gamma-glutamyltransferase in colorectal carcinoma and liver metastasis. A case study. ABTwo variant forms of gamma-glutamyltransferase have recently been demonstrated in colorectal carcinoma. They differed from the enzyme in normal colon mucosa by altered sialic acid content, and Concanavalin A affinity. A search for a variant gamma-glutamyltransferase was undertaken in liver metastasis from one patient with colorectal carcinoma. The enzyme in the metastatic tissue was clearly different from the normal liver enzyme and apparently identical to the variant enzyme in the primary tumor. Thus, the variant form appears to be related to the neoplastic transformation. However, as antigenic properties of the metastatic enzyme were apparently identical to those of the normal liver enzyme, they will not be true isoenzymes. AUHuseby NE; Eide TJ EM8601 SOClin Biochem (Canada), Aug 1985, 18(4) p217-9 MJColonic Neoplasms; Gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Liver Neoplasms /SC; Rectal Neoplasms MNColon /EN; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Liver Neoplasms /EN; Liver /EN; Reference Values; Variation (Genetics) MTHuman RNEC 3.4.13. (Dipeptidases); EC 3.4.13.8 (prolyl dipeptidase); EC 3.4.13.9 (proline dipeptidase) IS0009-9120 LAEnglish JCDBV SBM UI86002704 TIDetermination of prolinase activity in plasma. Application to liver disease and its relation with prolidase activity. ABWe describe prolinase (EC 3.4.13.8) activity in human plasma for the first time. Optimum activity was obtained with prolylvaline as substrate and 0.02 mmol/L manganese concentration at pH 9.0. Moreover, preincubation with manganese was not required, contrary to prolidase (EC 3.4.13.9) activity. The mean value observed in 106 subjects without liver and renal disorders was 16 U/L +/- 14 (2 SD). We determined this plasma enzyme activity in patients with acute hepatitis and chronic liver disease. Plasma prolinase activity was strongly dependent upon cytolysis because of the high activity in liver and the low activity in plasma. Of 24 patients with chronic liver disease (4 chronic hepatitis and 20 cirrhosis) and without cytolysis, prolinase activity was slightly increased in only three patients, whereas prolidase activity was increased in 13. This could be due to a difference in the activation of these two enzymes in liver during the fibrotic process. AUMyara I; Marcon P; Lemonnier A; Chatelier B ; Mangeot M EM8601 SOClin Biochem (Canada), Aug 1985, 18(4) p220-3 MJDipeptidases; Liver Diseases /DI MNDiagnosis, Differential; Enzyme Tests; Gastrointestinal Diseases /BL /DI; Liver Diseases /BL; Liver Function Tests MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.- (Phospholipases); EC 3.1.1.- (Phospholipases A); EC 3.2.1.1 (Alpha-Amylase); 56974-61-9 ((ethyl 4-(6-guanidinohexanoyloxy); 59721-28-7 (Foy-305); 9004-04-0 (Kallikrein-Trypsin Inactivator) IS0009-9120 LAEnglish JCDBV SBM UI86002705 TIGabexate mesilate and camostate: new inhibitors of phospholipase A2 and their influence on the alpha-amylase activity in serum of patients with acute pancreatitis. ABThe new synthetic polyvalent protease inhibitors gabexate mesilate (ethyl-p[6-guanidinohexanoyloxy]-benzoate methansulfonate) and camostate (N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl-4-[4-guanidinobenzoyloxy]-phenylacetate methansulfonate) were tested for possible inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity. In a pilot study, we treated 17 patients suffering from acute pancreatitis with continuous intravenous administration of gabexate mesilate, 450 mg/d. The results were compared with a placebo group (same standard therapy) of 21 patients suffering from acute pancreatitis. In vitro experiments showed that, at concentrations between 10(-4) and 5 X 10(-4) mol/L (depending on the enzyme assay employed) for gabexate mesilate and between 10(-3) and 5 X 10(-4) mol/L for camostate, a 50% reduction in phospholipase A2 activity was effected. Comparing the two groups of acute pancreatitis patients after 6 days of treatment with gabexate mesilate, we observed a statistically significantly lower alpha-amylase activity in the serum of treated patients compared with the placebo group. AUFreise J; Schmidt FW; Magerstedt P; Schmid K EM8601 SOClin Biochem (Canada), Aug 1985, 18(4) p224-9 MJAlpha-Amylase; Guanidines /TU; Pancreatitis; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases MNAcute Disease; Guanidines /AD; Infusions, Parenteral; Kallikrein-Trypsin Inactivator /TU; Kinetics; Pancreatitis /EN MTComparative Study; Human RNEC 3.1.1.3 (Lipase) IS0009-9120 LAEnglish JCDBV SBM UI86002706 TIEnzyme immunoassay for pancreatic lipase: comparison with turbidimetric method in pancreatic diseases. ABWe report the results of the analytical and clinical evaluation of a specific enzyme immunoassay for determination of human pancreatic lipase, in comparison with a turbidimetric method, in pancreatic pathology. Under standardized conditions of incubation time and temperature we found intraassay coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.3, 3.2, 2.1% at means = 18.7, 43.7, 224 micrograms/L and interassay CV of 2.8, 4.6, 3.0% at means = 19, 42.6, 230 micrograms/L, respectively. In general, a good correlation (r = 0.97) was found between lipase determined as a protein or through its catalytic activity. No significant correlation (r = 0.38) was observed with samples containing low concentration of lipase (up to 18 micrograms/L). We conclude that the turbidimetric method is reliable for routine determinations in the diagnosis of acute pancreatic pathology. However, the better sensitivity of the immunochemical assay should provide additional information for monitoring pancreatic insufficiency. AURizzotti P; Dechecchi C; Zanchetta M; Zaninotto M; Plebani M; Burlina A EM8601 SOClin Biochem (Canada), Aug 1985, 18(4) p230-2 MJLipase; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases /DI MNAcute Disease; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Cystic Fibrosis /DI; Enzyme Tests; Immunoenzyme Technics; Infant; Middle Age; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry /MT; Pancreatic Diseases /BL; Pancreatic Neoplasms /DI; Pancreatitis /DI; Reference Values MTComparative Study; Human; Male RNEC 3.4.21.1 (Chymotrypsin) IS0009-9120 LAEnglish JCDBV SBM UI86002707 TIFecal chymotrypsin: a new diagnostic test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in children with cystic fibrosis. ABThe purpose of this report is to evaluate whether a new, simple, non-invasive method for chymotrypsin measurement in stools is useful for the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in cystic fibrosis (CF). A hundred children aged from 2 months to 12 years were tested: 50 children had been admitted for chronic diarrhoea, 15 for cystic fibrosis and 40 acted as controls. Chymotrypsin in stools was assayed using a kinetic measurement with Succ-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNa as substrate in a simple photometric assay. In 13 of 15 children with cystic fibrosis, stool enzyme levels were always remarkably low, while all control subjects and all children not presenting cystic fibrosis had normal stool levels of chymotrypsin. Our data suggest that stool chymotrypsin measurement is a simple and reliable ╥tubeless╙ test for the evaluation of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in children with cystic fibrosis. AUScotta MS; Marzani MD; Maggiore G; De Giacomo C; Melzi D'Eril GV; Moratti R EM8601 SOClin Biochem (Canada), Aug 1985, 18(4) p233-4 MJChymotrypsin; Cystic Fibrosis /PP; Feces; Pancreas MNChild, Preschool; Child; Chronic Disease; Cystic Fibrosis /DI; Diarrhea /PP; Enzyme Tests; Infant; Reference Values MTComparative Study; Human RNEC 3.1.1.3 (Lipase); EC 3.2.1. (Amylases); EC 3.2.1. (Glycoside Hydrolases); EC 3.2.1.68 (Isoamylase); EC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin) IS0009-9120 LAEnglish JCDBV SBM UI86002708 TIClinical significance of serum pancreatic enzymes in the quiescent phase of chronic pancreatitis. ABThe most commonly used serum enzymes in pancreatic diseases are total amylase, pancreatic isoamylase, lipase and trypsin. To determine which of these enzymes is the most useful in the diagnosis of clinically quiescent chronic pancreatitis and which enzyme best reflects exocrine functional reserve, we studied 22 healthy control subjects, 44 patients with gastrointestinal, liver and biliary tract diseases, and 25 patients with chronic pancreatitis. On the basis of duodenal intubation, the latter were divided into two subgroups: one group of 13 patients with slight to moderate secretion deficiency and another of 12 patients with severe exocrine insufficiency. Of the enzymes studied, lipase, trypsin and pancreatic isoamylase are equally suitable for the evaluation of function in severe chronic pancreatitis, but not for the early diagnosis of the disease. Results for total amylase are not reliable so that its use in the study of chronic pancreatitis is not advisable. AULesi C; Melzi D'Eril GV; Pavesi F; Scandellari A; Faccenda F; Grazia Casertano M; Savoia M; Zoni L; Peppi M EM8601 SOClin Biochem (Canada), Aug 1985, 18(4) p235-8 MJAmylases; Glycoside Hydrolases; Isoamylase; Lipase; Pancreas; Pancreatitis /DI; Trypsin MNAdult; Chronic Disease; Enzyme Tests; Middle Age; Pancreatitis /BL; Reference Values MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RNEC 2.7.3.- (Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes) IS0009-9120 LAEnglish JCDBV SBM UI86002709 TIMacro creatine kinase type 2: a marker of myocardial damage in infants? ABThe case histories of two children (aged two months) affected by myocarditis showing an atypical band of serum creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2; CK) in the CK isoenzyme electrophoretic pattern are reported. The electrophoretic mobility on cellulose acetate of the atypical iso-CK band and its greater relative molecular mass, the lack of binding with immunoglobulins and the result of CK-BB determination by RIA, allowed us to identify the band with an oligomeric form of the mitochondrial isoenzyme. One child died 2 days after admission, while in the other it was possible to demonstrate reduction and disappearance of the atypical band in concomitance with a marked clinical improvement. Our findings suggest that the oligomeric form of mitochondrial-CK is released in conditions of serious heart muscle damage, and that it may be an indicator of myocardial cellular necrosis in pediatric patients. AURizzotti P; Cocco C; Burlina A Jr; Marcer V; Plebani M; Burlina A EM8601 SOClin Biochem (Canada), Aug 1985, 18(4) p239-41 MJCreatine Kinase Isoenzymes; Myocarditis /DI MNEnzyme Tests; Immunoglobulins /AN; Infant; Myocarditis /BL /IM; Reference Values MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RNEC 3.4. (Carboxypeptidases); EC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); EC 3.4.17.3 (Arginine Carboxypeptidase) IS0009-9120 LAEnglish JCDBV SBM UI86002710 TIAlterations of serum carboxypeptidases N and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme in malignant diseases. ABThe activities of serum carboxypeptidases N (E.C. 3.4.17.3) and serum angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (E.C. 3.4.15.1) were spectrophotometrically measured in patients with hematological disorders and in histologically proven bronchogenic carcinomas. The enzyme activities have been compared with various laboratory parameters. Controls were healthy subjects. No significant sex differences of carboxypeptidases N and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme were found in the healthy controls or in the whole patients' group. The carboxypeptidases N were significantly elevated in patients with lung cancer (p less than 0.0001) compared to the healthy controls. The angiotensin-I-converting enzyme was significantly reduced (p less than 0.0001) in serum of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. In responders to chemo- and/or radiotherapy, the carboxypeptidases decreased and the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme increased to normal enzyme values. In non-responders to these therapies no change in these enzymes could be observed. AUSchweisfurth H; Schmidt M; Brugger E; Maiwald L; Thiel H EM8601 SOClin Biochem (Canada), Aug 1985, 18(4) p242-6 MJAdenocarcinoma /DI; Arginine Carboxypeptidase; Carboxypeptidases; Carcinoma, Oat Cell /DI; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /DI; Kininase II; Lung Neoplasms /DI MNAdenocarcinoma /BL; Carcinoma, Oat Cell /BL; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /BL; Enzyme Tests; Lung Neoplasms /BL; Reference Values MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.7.3.3 (Urate Oxidase) IS0009-9120 LAEnglish JCDBV SBM UI86002711 TIInhibition of uricase by pyrimidine and purine drugs. ABA number of barbiturates inhibit uricase from porcine liver competitively, the Ki, values being in the range 1 to 13 X 10(-3) mol/L. In general the Ki increases as the size of the substituents at C-5 increases. Theophylline also inhibits the enzyme competitively (Ki = 1 X 10(-3) mol/L) but theobromine and caffeine have no inhibitory action at 0.01 mol/L. A number of sulphonamides and some other heterocyclic compounds, at 10(-3) mol/L, do not inhibit uricase. The possible effects of such inhibition in clinical assays for plasma/serum urate are discussed but it is concluded that the compounds which were studied are unlikely to cause significant interference in the assay. AUHurst DT; Griffiths E; Vayianos C EM8601 SOClin Biochem (Canada), Aug 1985, 18(4) p247-51 MJPurines; Pyrimidines; Urate Oxidase MNKinetics; Liver /EN; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet /MT; Structure-Activity Relationship; Swine MTAnimal RN9007-74-3 (Fetal Hemoglobin); 9008-00-8 (Hemoglobin C) IS0009-9120 LAEnglish JCDBV SBM UI86002712 TIThe microchromatographic measurement of fetal hemoglobin levels in hemoglobin C-associated conditions. ABWe report the microchromatographic estimation of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) in 3 conditions associated with hemoglobin C: hemoglobin C-hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (Hb C-HPFH), homozygous hemoglobin C disease, and hemoglobin SC disease. In the case of Hb C-HPFH (Case 1) the Hb F level by alkali denaturation was 32.5% while the Hb F level by microchromatography was 35.3%. In both cases of homozygous Hb C disease and Hb SC disease the Hb F level by alkali denaturation was less than 1% and the microchromatographic Hb F level was 0.7%. We conclude that microchromatographic methods for determination of Hb F levels can be employed in the Hb C-HPFH, homozygous Hb C, and Hb SC conditions. To our knowledge, the microchromatographic determination of Hb F levels has not been applied previously to the Hb C-HPFH condition or Hb C disease. AUKrauss JS; Jonah MH; Baisden CR; Parnell DY; Neely AE; Mohorn P EM8601 SOClin Biochem (Canada), Aug 1985, 18(4) p252-3 MJFetal Hemoglobin; Hemoglobin C MNAdolescence; Adult; Chromatography, Ion Exchange /MT; Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate /MT; Gel Diffusion Tests; Spectrophotometry MTCase Report; Human; Male RNEC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase) IS0009-9120 LAEnglish JCDBV SBM UI86002713 TIOn the difference between colonic and small intestinal alkaline phosphatase. ABColonic and small intestinal alkaline phosphatase extracts were studied biochemically and electrophoretically to elucidate the source of a reported difference in cellulose acetate electrophoretic mobility. Both preparations were inactivated with 0.5 mmol/L L-phenylalanine but retained full activity in the presence of 1.0 mmol/L tetramisole. Treatment with neuraminidase changed a minor fraction of the small intestinal but the major portion of the colonic alkaline phosphatase to a cathodically migrating form. The most likely explanation for our findings is that the colon and small intestinal alkaline phosphatase are mixtures of the same multiple forms but in different proportions. AUGriffiths WC; Lev R; Gentile J; Horvath G EM8601 SOClin Biochem (Canada), Aug 1985, 18(4) p254-6 MJAlkaline Phosphatase /ME; Colon; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small MNAlkaline Phosphatase /IP; Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate; Organ Specificity MTComparative Study; Human RNEC 3.4.11. (Aminopeptidases); EC 3.4.11.2 (alanine aminopeptidase) IS0009-9120 LAEnglish JCDBV SBM UI86002714 TIDiagnostic significance of urinary enzymes in detecting acute rejection crises in renal transplant recipients depending on expression of results illustrated through the example of alanine aminopeptidase. ABIn 82 renal transplant recipients we measured the excretion of urinary alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2) activity daily after transplantation until patients' discharge from hospital. Enzyme excretion was expressed as volume activity (U/L), time-related output (U/4h) and in relation to the excreted creatinine. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, efficiency and likelihood ratios were calculated from all three expressions with regard to diagnosis of acute rejection crises. The term ╥enzyme activity per creatinine excreted╙ has the highest diagnostic potential. AUJung K; Diego J; Strobelt V EM8601 SOClin Biochem (Canada), Aug 1985, 18(4) p257-60 MJAminopeptidases; Graft Rejection; Kidney MNAcute Disease; Adolescence; Adult; Child; Enzyme Tests; Kinetics; Microchemistry; Middle Age; Spectrophotometry /MT; Transplantation, Homologous MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 2.7.3.- (Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes); EC 3.1.6. (Sulfatases); EC 3.1.6.8 (Cerebroside Sulfatase); EC 3.2.1.18 (Neuraminidase) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002715 TIEffect of arylsulfatase A and sialidase on the biochemical and immunological properties of creatine kinase isoenzyme BB. ABThis work describes the action of the lysosomal enzymes arylsulfatase A (EC 3.1.6.1) and sialidase (EC 3.2.1.18) on human creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzyme BB. The isoenzyme, which gives a positive reaction with the periodic acid-Schiff reagent, contains 12 molecules of sulfate and two molecules of sialic acid per molecule. On treatment with arylsulfatase, CK-BB lost enzyme activity but retained immunoreactivity, its isoelectric point was altered, and it was partly bound to a ╥Glyco-gel╙ affinity column. On treatment with sialidase, the isoenzyme lost activity, its immunoreactivity was decreased by 70%, and the inactivated CK-BB would not bind to either ╥Glyco-gel╙ or concanavalin A. We propose that the sulfate groups are involved in maintaining the integrity of the active site of the enzyme but are not involved in antigenic recognition sites on the molecule. Sialic acid plays an important role in both the structural pattern of the antigenic determinant and the active site of CK-BB. AUMcBride JH; Rodgerson DO EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1583-91 MJCerebroside Sulfatase; Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes; Neuraminidase; Sulfatases MNBrain /EN; Carbohydrates /AN; Chemistry; Chromatography, Affinity; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoelectric Focusing; Time Factors MTHuman RN7439-97-6 (Mercury); 7440-66-6 (Zinc); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002716 TIPreparation and certification of human hair powder reference material. ABHuman hair powder reference material was prepared and certified for elemental composition. Human scalp hair (from Japanese men) was washed in a non-ionic detergent solution in an ultrasonic cleaner, dried, ground in an agate ball mill, sieved through a polyethylene net, blended, bottled (1100 vials, 2 g each), and finally sterilized by 60Co radiation. The prepared material satisfied the homogeneity criteria for a reference material. We determined trace elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry and investigated matrix interference effects. The material was certified by using the data obtained by various analytical techniques; certified values are provided for Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sr, and Zn. The elemental composition of this reference material is considered similar to normal values for the male Japanese population. AUOkamoto K; Morita M; Quan H; Uehiro T; Fuwa K EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1592-7 MJHair; Reference Standards; Trace Elements MNAnalysis of Variance; Calcium /AN; Mercury /AN; Methods; Microwaves; Reference Values; Specimen Handling; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption; Zinc /AN MTHuman; Male RN486-56-6 (Cotinine); 54-11-5 (Nicotine) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002717 TIAnalysis for nicotine and cotinine in hair to determine cigarette smoker status. ABNoninvasive validation of cigarette smoking behavior is necessary for large population studies, especially with adolescents, where peer pressures can compromise self-report. Saliva and urine samples provide biological material for confirmation of recent nicotine intake by analysis for cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine. However, detection of infrequent use of cigarettes can be missed in a single annual screen when participants have not smoked in the preceding week. We analyzed scalp hair from smokers and controls, to see whether hair could provide reliable samples for determining nicotine uptake. The amounts of nicotine and cotinine we detected in these samples correlated with individual smoking habits and exposures. AUHaley NJ; Hoffmann D EM8601 ID2PO1 CA29580 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1598-600 MJCotinine; Hair; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking MNDetergents; Specimen Handling MTHuman; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN11096-37-0 (Transferrin) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002718 TIImmunochemical methods for measurement of transferrin in serum: effects of analytical errors and inappropriate reference intervals on diagnostic utility. ABWe estimated analytical errors of the Calbiochem, Kallestad, Hyland, Meloy, Helena, and Beckman immunochemical methods for serum transferrin. Intermethod biases were determined by analysis of the ╥Reference Preparation for Serum Proteins╙ of the College of American Pathologists and by analysis of 106 patients' serum samples. We judged the acceptability of errors by comparing confidence limits for total errors with 1/4 of the normal reference intervals. The transferrin status of each patient's sample was interpreted by comparing the result of each method with the normal reference interval claimed by the corresponding manufacturer. We found that the combined effects of medically unacceptable analytical errors and inappropriate normal intervals caused results of the tested methods not to be interchangeable. The Calbiochem method identified 61 serum samples (57%) as having abnormally high transferrin concentrations. In contrast, for the same specimen, with the Meloy method we found abnormally high transferrin concentrations for only two samples (1.8%). AUBandi ZL; Schoen I; Bee DE EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1601-5 MJReagent Kits, Diagnostic; Transferrin MNAnalysis of Variance; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Gel Diffusion Tests; Reference Values MTComparative Study; Human RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002720 TITranscutaneous carbon dioxide and oxygen tension measured at different temperatures in healthy adults. ABTranscutaneous carbon dioxide tension (tc-pco2) at 37, 39, 41, 43, and 45 degrees C, and transcutaneous oxygen tension (tc-po2) at 41, 43, and 45 degrees C were measured simultaneously in 10 healthy adults during hyperventilation and inhalation of O2/CO2 gas. Nine electrodes were applied to each subject: Five CO2 electrodes, one O2 electrode, and three combined O2/CO2 electrodes. The CO2 electrodes had negligible temperature coefficients in the calibration gases, but the O2 electrodes showed an increase in po2 of 4.5% per degree C. With skin application, tc-pco2 increased approximately 4% per degrees C between 37 and 45 degrees C, which is close to the anaerobic temperature coefficient of pco2 in blood. The tc-po2 increases on the skin with increasing temperature appeared to be more dependent on changes in blood flow in skin, but in the temperature range 43 to 45 degrees C, tc-po2 showed the expected decrease in the temperature coefficient with increasing po2. The correlation between transcutaneous and capillary pco2 was close at all transcutaneous electrode temperatures, even 37 degrees C, provided the skin was preheated (via the electrode) to 45 degrees C. For tc-po2, an electrode temperature of at least 43 degrees C was necessary to produce a reasonable correlation between tc-po2 and capillary po2. The combined O2/CO2 electrodes measured slightly higher pco2 values than the single CO2 electrodes, but there were no differences in po2 readings, stabilization time, imprecision, or electrode drift between the two electrode types. The imprecision (CV, %) of tc-pco2 and tc-po2 measurements was approximately twice that of the corresponding capillary blood-gas measurements. AUWimberley PD; Gronlund Pedersen K; Olsson J; Siggaard-Andersen O EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1611-5 MJCarbon Dioxide; Oxygen; Skin; Temperature MNAdult; Blood Gas Analysis; Capillaries; Electrodes; Hyperventilation /ME; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 1.11.1. (Peroxidases); EC 2.7.1.30 (Glycerol Kinase); EC 2.7.3.- (Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 56-81-5 (Glycerin); 635-65-4 (Bilirubin); 70-18-8 (Glutathione); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7786-30-3 (magnesium chloride) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002721 TIPeroxidase-coupled method for kinetic colorimetry of total creatine kinase activity in serum. ABWe describe a peroxidase-coupled method involving a colorimetric indicator reaction for determining the total activity of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) in serum. The kinetically favorable reverse reaction is exploited to generate adenosine 5'-triphosphate, which is used in the glycerol kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of glycerol. The glycerol 3-phosphate so generated is oxidized in the presence of alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase to produce hydrogen peroxide, which is reduced in the presence of peroxidase with the simultaneous oxidation and coupling of 4-aminoantipyrene and 2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonate to produce an intensely colored red chromogen. Results of the proposed method (y) correlate well with those of the Boehringer-Mannheim ╥CK-NAC UV╙ method as applied to the Hitachi 705 chemistry analyzer (y = 1.025 chi - 18.1, r = 0.9985, n = 100, range = 19-4531 U/L). The sensitivity of the method, based on molar absorptivities, is nearly fourfold that of procedures involving the reduction of NADP+. AUWimmer MC; Artiss JD; Zak B EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1616-20 MJCreatine Kinase Isoenzymes; Enzyme Tests MNAdenosine Triphosphate /ME; Bilirubin; Colorimetry /MT; Glutathione /ME; Glycerin /ME; Glycerol Kinase /AN; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Magnesium /AN; Myocardial Infarction /DI; Peroxidases /ME; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic MTHuman RNEC 1.1.1.- (Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes); EC 2.7.3.- (Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002722 TIChanges in the ratio of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes 1 and 2 during the first day after acute myocardial infarction. ABIt is known that the ratio of isoenzyme 1 to total lactate dehydrogenase (LD, EC 1.1.1.27) in serum is increased in all patients with acute myocardial infarction within 24 h of the infarct. We now show that the LD-1/LD-2 ratio for serum more promptly indicates acute myocardial infarction, being for most patients equivalent to measurement of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzyme 2 (CK-2, CK-MB) in serum. Of 128 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of myocardial infarction, 66 had normal values for all ╥cardiac╙ enzymes at the time of admission, but greater than 75% of them showed a parallel increase in values for CK-2 and the LD-1/LD-2 ratio. Of the 26 patients who had one or more abnormal values for cardiac enzymes on admission, 95% showed a parallel increase in CK-2 and the LD-1/LD-2 ratio, the median time for the beginning of these changes being 9 h from the onset of chest pain. The remaining 36 patients were excluded from the study because CK-2 decreased after admission or because the time of onset of chest pain was uncertain. AUJablonsky G; Leung FY; Henderson AR EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1621-4 MJLactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes; Myocardial Infarction MNAdult; Aged; Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes /BL; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Middle Age; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1672-46-4 (Digoxigenin); 20830-75-5 (Digoxin); 71-63-6 (Digitoxin) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002723 TILack of specificity of current anti-digoxin antibodies, and preparation of a new, specific polyclonal antibody that recognizes the carbohydrate moiety of digoxin [published erratum appears in Clin Chem 1986 Feb;32(2):390] ABCurrent immunoassays for digoxin do not distinguish digoxin from its glycosidic metabolites. We have synthesized a novel digoxin/bovine serum albumin conjugate via reductive ozonolysis of the lactone ring such that the carbohydrate moiety of digoxin remains intact. Antibodies raised against this conjugate show minimal cross reactivity to digoxigenin, bisdigitoxide, monodigitoxide, digoxigenin, and digitoxin. With this antibody, digoxin can be measured in the presence of these metabolites. AUThong B; Soldin SJ; Lingwood CA EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1625-31 MJAntibodies; Antibody Specificity; Carbohydrates; Digoxin MNChromatography, Thin Layer; Cross Reactions; Digitoxin /IM; Digoxigenin /IM; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Mass Fragmentography; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Rabbits; Serum Albumin, Bovine MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (apolipoprotein C-III) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002724 TIQuantification of apolipoprotein C-III in serum by a noncompetitive immunoenzymometric assay. ABWe used a noncompetitive immunoenzymometric assay to measure the concentration of total apolipoprotein C-III in human sera. Affinity-purified antibodies to apolipoprotein C-III were adsorbed to the surface of microtiter plates. After washing, this solid-phase antibody was incubated with antigen (serum from fasting subjects), washed, and then incubated with peroxidase-labeled purified antibodies to apolipoprotein C-III. After a last washing, the bound label was assayed, providing a direct measurement of the antigen. Optimized technical conditions for the assay yielded assay CVs of 3.5 and 5.6% for within- and between-run precision, respectively. Analytical recovery of apolipoprotein C-III added to a serum was quantitative (97%). This noncompetitive assay can be used to measure apolipoprotein C-III in different lipoprotein fractions (very-low or high-density fractions) and yields values that compare favorably with those obtained by electroimmunoassay (r = 0.94). The assay offers several advantages over existing techniques--sensitivity, specificity, simplicity, and no use of radioisotopes--and hyperlipemic samples can be used. AUParsy D; Clavey V; Fievet C; Kora I; Duriez P; Fruchart JC EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1632-5 MJApolipoproteins C MNHyperlipidemia /BL; Immunoelectrophoresis; Immunoenzyme Technics; Lipoproteins, HDL /BL; Lipoproteins, VLDL /BL; Methods; Reference Standards MTHuman RNEC 3.4.11. (Aminopeptidases); EC 3.4.11.2 (alanine aminopeptidase); 0 (leucyl-3-carboxy-4-hydroxyanilide); 108-68-9 (3,5-xylenol); 7005-03-0 (Leucine); 89-57-6 (5-aminosalicylic acid) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002725 TIUse of L-leucyl-3-carboxy-4-hydroxyanilide as substrate for determining the activity of microsomal aminopeptidase in serum. ABWe describe a colorimetric method for assay of microsomal aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2) activity in serum. We use a new substrate, L-leucyl-3-carboxy-4-hydroxyanilide, p-xylenol as coupler, and sodium metaperiodate as oxidizing reagent. The colored substance formed by the oxidative condensation between p-xylenol and 5-aminosalicylic acid absorbs maximally at 635 nm, and can be directly measured in serum. In a previous method for this enzyme, L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide was used as substrate and beta-naphthylamine, a carcinogenic reagent used as a standard in making the assay, was unsuitable for routine use. We found a close correlation between results obtained with the new, safer method and with the previous method. AUShimamoto M; Takewaki S; Sakuraoka S; Nagasawa T; Kuroiwa K; Kodama O; Akatsuka T EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1636-9 MJAminopeptidases; Anilides; Enzyme Tests; Leucine MNAminosalicylic Acids /ME; Biliary Tract Diseases /DI; Chromogenic Compounds /AN; Colorimetry; Liver Diseases /DI; Pregnancy; Solubility; Time Factors; Xylenes /ME MTFemale; Human RN576-37-4 (glucuronic acid) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002726 TIIdentification by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry of a glucuronic acid conjugate of o-hydroxybenzoic acid in normal urine and uremic plasma. ABAn endogenous compound (included in the fraction of uremic toxins often called the ╥uremic middle molecules╙) was separated from plasma of uremic patients and urine from normal persons. As elucidated by mass spectrometry, enzymatic hydrolysis, and 1H, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, it appears to be a conjugate of o-hydroxybenzoic acid with glucuronic acid. Its presence in urine of healthy subjects indicates its physiological character. AUMonti JP; Gallice P; Crevat A; Murisasco A EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1640-3 MJGlucuronates; Hydroxybenzoic Acids; Uremia MNAdult; Chemistry; Middle Age; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Spectrum Analysis, Mass MTFemale; Human; Male RN7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002727 TIComprehensive study of a thyroxin-analog-based assay for free thyroxin (╥Amerlex FT4╙). ABThe basic theory of thyroxin-analog-based radioimmunoassays for free thyroxin has been extended to evaluate definitively the effects arising from residual binding of the tracer analog to serum proteins. Using experimentally determined binding constants and computer simulation techniques, we studied the effects of thyroxin-analog binding to serum proteins on results of Amerlex FT4 radioimmunoassay, using this improved mathematical model. Results from computer-simulation studies were compared both directly with in vitro experimental results and indirectly with clinical studies. Agreement was good among all three approaches. The relatively weak binding of analog to thyroxin-binding globulin and prealbumin does not significantly perturb Amerlex FT4 assay results. Binding of the analog by albumin has a small but quantifiable effect on assay results, amounting to an intrinsic bias of 0.08 pmol of free thyroxin per liter per gram of albumin per liter for euthyroid serum samples. This bias is unlikely to be important for most clinical laboratory samples, but it may be significant when one is interpreting results for those rare patients with genetic albumin abnormalities such as analbuminemia or familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. Massively increased concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (e.g., after treatment with heparin) will lead to a spurious increase in free thyroxin in this and most other techniques, including equilibrium dialysis. AUWilkins TA; Midgley JE; Barron N EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1644-53 MJReagent Kits, Diagnostic; Thyroxine /BL MNComputers; Hyperthyroidism /BL; Hypothyroidism /BL; Mathematics; Middle Age; Prealbumin /ME; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Pregnancy; Radioimmunoassay /MT; Serum Albumin /DF; Thyroxine-Binding Protein /ME; Thyroxine /AA MTFemale; Human RN0 (acetyl-LDL); 71-23-8 (Alcohol, Propyl) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002728 TIMonoclonal antibodies can precipitate low-density lipoprotein. I. Characterization and use in determining apolipoprotein B [published erratum appears in Clin Chem 1986 Feb;32(2):390] ABWe produced 20 mouse monoclonal antibodies against human plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Individually they failed to precipitate LDL in agarose gel by the double-immunodiffusion technique; collectively they did, or as few as two combined monoclonal antibodies could do so. To mimic polyclonal antibodies in determination of apolipoprotein B (apo B) by radial immunodiffusion, a combination of four particular monoclonal antibodies (clones A, B, C, and D) was necessary. We characterized these four clones with respect to temperature dependency, affinity, total binding to 125I-labeled LDL, and specificity to the different species of apolipoprotein B. Two monoclonal antibodies (B and C) bound 100% of 125I-labeled LDL; clones A and D bound 80% and 87%, respectively. All four clones bound maximally to LDL at 4 degrees C. The affinity constants for clones A, B, C, and D were 0.6, 2.1, 3.8, and 2.3 X 10(9) L/mol, respectively. By the Western blotting technique, the four monoclonal antibodies all reacted with the species B-100 and B-74 of apolipoprotein B, and to various degrees with B-48 and B-26. Radial immunodiffusion (chi) and direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (y) with a mixture of the four monoclonal antibodies gave almost identical results for 70 patients: y = 0.921 chi-2.58; r = 0.933. AUMarcovina S; France D; Phillips RA; Mao SJ EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1654-8 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Apolipoproteins B; Lipoproteins, LDL MNAlcohol, Propyl; Apolipoproteins B /IM; Gel Diffusion Tests; Immunosorbent Technics; Lipoproteins, LDL /ME; Lipoproteins, VLDL /AN; Mice; Precipitation MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002729 TIMonoclonal antibodies can precipitate low-density lipoprotein. II. Radioimmunoassays with single and combined monoclonal antibodies for determining apolipoprotein B in serum of patients with coronary artery disease. ABWe have established four lines of monoclonal antibodies against human low-density lipoproteins (LDL) that, mixed in equal proportions, can precipitate LDL in gel and so can be used for apolipoprotein (apo) B determination in plasma. One monoclonal antibody (clone A), with a relatively low binding affinity to LDL (ka = 0.6 X 10(9) L/mol) and recognizing only two species of apo B, significantly underestimated the concentration of apo B in 74 patients with and 27 without coronary artery disease (CAD). High-affinity monoclonal antibody C (Ka = 3.8 X 10(9) L/mol), which recognized all four apo B species, gave the same value for apo B as determined with the mixture of monoclonal antibodies. The latter results (by radioimmunoassay, y) correlated well with those by radial immunodiffusion (chi): y = 0.994 chi + 0.003 (r = 0.987). The CAD patients showed an increased concentration of apo B as compared to the angiographically documented CAD-negative patients. Except for the values determined by clone B (p = 0.07), the increase was statistically significant (p = 0.002-0.018) for values determined by use of the other clones or their mixture. AUMarcovina S; Kottke BA; Mao SJ EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1659-63 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Apolipoproteins B; Coronary Disease; Lipoproteins, LDL /IM MNApolipoproteins B /IM; Coronary Vessels; Freeze Drying; Gel Diffusion Tests; Heart /RA; Lipoproteins, LDL /AN; Methods; Radioimmunoassay MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (11-progesteryl-2-succinoyltyramine-4-(10-methyl); 57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002730 TIChemiluminescence immunoassay of plasma progesterone, with progesterone-acridinium ester used as the labeled antigen. ABThis simple solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay for measurement of progesterone in extracts of venous plasma has sensitivity and precision similar to that of conventional radioimmunoassay with use of a tritiated antigen. The labeled antigen, 11 alpha-progesteryl-2-succinoyltyramine-4-(10-methyl)-acridini um-9-carboxylate, and a monoclonal antibody to progesterone-11 alpha-succinyl-bovine serum albumin are incubated with a 100-microL aliquot of plasma extract (equivalent to 20 microL of plasma) and 50 microL of a suspension of an IgG fraction of a donkey antiserum to mouse immunoglobulins, covalently attached to cellulose particles. After the antibody-binding reaction (60 min at 4 degrees C), 1 mL of phosphate buffer is added to each tube, the tubes are centrifuged (5 min, 1500 X g), and the supernatant fluid is aspirated. The washing step is repeated and diluted hydrochloric acid (50 mmol/L, 50 microL) is added to the pellet. Luminescence is initiated by oxidation with dilute sodium hydroxide/hydrogen peroxide. The signal is integrated over 10 s. The light yield is inversely proportional to the progesterone concentration in the standard or sample. AURichardson AP; Kim JB; Barnard GJ; Collins WP; McCapra F EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1664-8 MJAcridines; Luminescence; Progesterone MNImmunologic Technics; Infertility, Female /BL; Ovulation; Radioimmunoassay MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002731 TIStudies on the quality of specimens obtained by skin-puncture of children. 2. An analysis of blood-collecting practices in a pediatric hospital. ABWe quantified blood-collecting practices for chemistry in a pediatric hospital. Skin-puncture provided 67% of samples, and in-dwelling catheters (lines), 31%. About 46% of samples collected (day-shift) were urgent (╥stats╙). A single skin-puncture provided 448 microL (range, 150-1350) of blood, and 80% of requests, but only 58% of stats. About 1.3 punctures per request were required. Time spent collecting blood was 11.0 min per single request. Patients undergoing total parenteral nutrition took 17.9 min and 3.6 skin-punctures per request. Analytical time for stat blood gases was about 6 min, total (╥turnaround╙) time, about 16 min. Turnaround time for stat requests involving the Ektachem 400TM instrument was 32.4 min; for non-stat, at least 56 min. Other tests required 151 min. Blood gases and electrolytes represented the majority of all tests ordered, and 97% of in-dwelling line blood-draws. There was no correlation between age and number of tests per request, but the youngest patients (0 to 1 year) had more skin-punctures per request (1.4), along with the greatest number (55.5%) and frequency of tests. AUMeites S; Glassco KM EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1669-72 MJAncillary Services, Hospital; Blood Specimen Collection; Hospital Administration MNAcid-Base Equilibrium; Adolescence; Age Factors; Blood Gas Analysis; Capillaries; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Parenteral Hyperalimentation; Skin /BS MTHuman RNEC 1.11.1.9 (Glutathione Peroxidase); EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase); 553-12-8 (protoporphyrin IX) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002732 TIOxygen toxicity related to exposure to lead. ABWe evaluated superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) activities in the erythrocytes of lead-exposed and nonexposed workers from distinct industries localized in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Concentrations of either lead or protoporphyrin IX, or both, in blood were used to indicate the extent of exposure. In all cases, values for superoxide dismutase were significantly higher in the exposed workers. The dose-response relationship between this enzyme and lead concentrations was roughly linear for the workers with greater than 40 micrograms of lead per 100 g of blood. Except for the sample from one of the industries, the corresponding glutathione peroxidase activities were also significantly higher in lead-exposed workers. These data, together with those previously found for patients with intermittent acute porphyria, suggest that in both groups the accumulation of heme precursors is connected to the exacerbated production of activated oxygen species. AUMonteiro HP; Abdalla DS; Arcuri AS; Bechara EJ EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1673-6 MJGlutathione Peroxidase; Lead Poisoning; Superoxide Dismutase MNAdolescence; Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythrocytes /EN; Middle Age; Occupational Diseases /PP; Protoporphyrins /AN MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (ditaurobilirubin); 107-35-7 (Taurine); 58-08-2 (Caffeine); 635-65-4 (Bilirubin) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002733 TIChemical nature of a synthetic bilirubin conjugate and its reactivities in the total and direct reactions by the Jendrassik-Grof method. ABUsing liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and elemental analyses, we verified that a commercially available synthetic bilirubin conjugate is predominantly a ditaurobilirubin (DTB) disodium salt. The Jendrassik-Grof total bilirubin (TBIL) method quantitatively measures unconjugated bilirubin (Bu) and the Bu-equivalent content in DTB, from which we infer that the azopigments of Bu and DTB have identical molar absorptivities, which do not change in the presence of either serum or serum albumin of human or bovine origin. However, based on the ratio of direct bilirubin (DBIL) to TBIL, the DBIL reaction in dilute HCI is incomplete (even up to 20 min), with lower yields in a matrix of bovine serum albumin than in human serum. By contrast, the DBIL reaction in acetate buffer (pH 4.75) is quantitative for DTB in human serum (or its albumin), but less so in bovine serum (or its albumin). DTB is water soluble, is relatively stable when lyophilized with human serum, and is determined with such high precision in the above-mentioned endpoint assays that it may be a suitable surrogate calibrator for conjugated bilirubin. AUDoumas BT; Wu TW; Poon KC; Jendrzejczak B EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1677-82 MJBilirubin; Taurine MNAdsorption; Bilirubin /ME; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Indicators and Reagents; Methods; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Taurine /ME MTHuman RNEC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 61876-61-7 (chromozym TH); 9000-94-6 (Antithrombin III) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002734 TIImproved assay of antithrombin-III. Effects of certain additives on thrombin and on chromogenic peptide substrates. ABWhen manual assays of antithrombin-III with use of different synthetic chromogenic peptide substrates are modified for a centrifugal analyzer, the downward deflection of the reference curve at the zero point raises a serious problem, because the position of the zero value is included in the calculation of the reference curve. Complete linearity was obtained by addition of polyethylene glycol 6000 to the thrombin solution and Tween 80 to the substrate solution in final concentrations of 1 g/L and 100 mg/L, respectively. The additives increased the concentration of active thrombin in the solutions by preventing its adsorption and aggregation, and the solubility of the substrates in aqueous media is increased. The precision of the optimized method, tested in routine assays during three months, yielded an estimated day-to-day CV of 3.4%. AUGram J; Jespersen J EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1683-8 MJAntithrombin III; Chromogenic Compounds MNBinding Sites; Cattle; Centrifugation; Kinetics; Mathematics; Methods; Oligopeptides; Polyethylene Glycols; Polysorbates; Reference Values; Thrombin /ME MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7. (Phosphotransferases, ATP); EC 2.7.4.3 (Adenylate Kinase) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002735 TIAdenylate kinase: an oncodevelopmental marker in an animal model for human prostatic cancer. ABData are presented demonstrating that adenylate kinase (AK; EC 2.7.4.3) is an oncodevelopmental enzyme in the prostate of Copenhagen rats. We selected the Dunning tumor (dorsal rat prostate) as a model system because it most nearly approximates the human pathology. Four sublines of the tumor (R3327-H, R3327-AT, MAT Lu, and MAT LyLu) were studied. The tumor sublines were maintained as solid tumors in syngeneic rats and as monolayers in tissue culture. AK activity appeared in conjunction with malignant transformation of the dorsal prostate. We also determined the normal developmental enzyme pattern: AK was present in prostates of newborns, but was undetectable in prostates of adults. However, AK increased after castration. Therefore, we propose AK as a potential oncofetal tumor marker in prostatic cancer. AUHall M; Mickey DD; Wenger AS; Silverman LM EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1689-91 MJAdenylate Kinase; Disease Models, Animal; Phosphotransferases, ATP; Prostatic Neoplasms MNAdenocarcinoma /EN; Cell Line; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Prostate /EN; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Human; Male IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002736 TIIn-vitro stability of human alpha-fetoprotein. ABWe assessed the stability of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in clinical specimens in the presence and absence of serum and albumin, at different temperatures and concentrations. We find it depends on both AFP concentration and incubation temperature. Dilution of most specimens with either phosphate buffer or phosphate-buffered saline or by immunoelectrodiffusion resulted in some loss of AFP. Attempts to stabilize AFP during either sample dilution or incubation by use of albumin in concentrations up to 1 g/L did not protect it from inactivation unless normal human serum was also included. Frozen AFP solutions were less stable than solutions stored at 4 degrees C. AFP was most stable when lyophilized and stored desiccated. The AFP-inactivation curves were usually nonlinear. Apparently both polymerization and degradation occur simultaneously as AFP loses its activity. Proteolytic enzyme inhibitor and sulfhydryl reagent not only failed to protect it from inactivation, they appeared to speed it. AUWu JT; Knight JA EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1692-7 MJAlpha Fetoproteins; Specimen Handling MNAmniotic Fluid /AN; Blood Proteins; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Freeze Drying; Immunoelectrophoresis; Pregnancy; Protease Inhibitors /PD; Sulfhydryl Reagents /PD; Temperature MTFemale; Human RN1852-50-2 (estriol-16 alpha-(beta-D-glucuronide); 2479-91-6 (estriol 3-glucuronide); 4661-65-8 (estriol 3-sulfate 16-glucuronide); 481-95-8 (estriol 3-sulfate); 50-27-1 (Estriol); 7440-44-0 (Carbon) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002737 TIEstriol and its conjugates in late pregnancy determined by extraction with Carbopack B and liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. ABWe report a method for measuring estriol and its intact conjugates in urine, serum, and amniotic fluid. A single assay can be done within about 50 min, eight samples assayed in less than 5 h. A 70-microL urine sample is diluted and the estriol conjugates are adsorbed from it onto graphitized carbon black (Carbopack B, Supelco). After two washings, the analytes are desorbed with chloroform/methanol (60/40, by vol) containing tetrapropylammonium bromide. After solvent evaporation, the residue is redissolved in 100 microL of water/acetonitrile and 20 microL is injected into the chromatograph. Or 1 mL of serum or 0.5 mL of amniotic fluid is deproteinized with cold methanol, then passed through the Carbopack column. After three washings, the estriol and its conjugates are desorbed and treated as for urine. Mean analytical recoveries of the analytes in any of these body fluids were within about 92-98%, except for estriol-3-sulfate-16 alpha-glucuronide in serum (mean recovery 88.3%). The limit of sensitivity is well below the concentrations of clinical interest, and the method is not susceptible to substantial interferences. AUAndreolini F; Borra C; Caccamo F; Di Corcia A; Nicoletti I; Samperi R; Improta F EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1698-702 MJEstriol /AN; Estrogenic Substances, Conjugated; Pregnancy MNAmniotic Fluid /AN; Carbon; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Estriol /AA; Fluorometry MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN144-62-7 (oxalic acid); 50-81-7 (Ascorbic Acid); 60-00-4 (EDTA) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002738 TIStability of ascorbate in urine: relevance to analyses for ascorbate and oxalate [published erratum appears in Clin Chem 1986 Feb;32(2):390] ABAscorbate is unstable in urine at room temperature at pH values ranging from 1 to 12. At pH 7 and above, oxalate is generated in amounts directly proportional to the ascorbate concentration. In 12 different urines, adjusted to pH 12 and incubated for 20 h at room temperature, there was a significant correlation between the amount of oxalate formed and the initial ascorbate concentration (r = 0.97, p less than 0.01). The mean (+/- SD) concentration of oxalate (1.32 +/- 0.70 mmol/L) formed during this period approximated the initial ascorbate concentration (1.57 +/- 1.09 mmol/L). Disodium EDTA, 10 mmol/L final concentration, stabilizes ascorbate in urine and inhibits its conversion to oxalate at pH values of 4.4 to 7.0 during a 24-h period. We therefore propose that urine specimens for ascorbate and oxalate analyses be collected with disodium EDTA present such as to give about this final concentration. AUChalmers AH; Cowley DM; McWhinney BC EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1703-5 MJAscorbic Acid; Oxalates MNEDTA; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Methods; Temperature; Time Factors MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002739 TIDetermination of thyrotropin in serum by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay evaluated. ABWe evaluated a new, highly sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for thyrotropin (TSH) in serum. This direct immunometric ╥sandwich╙-type assay involves two monoclonal antibodies against TSH, one immobilized, the other labeled with europium. Extremely high specific activity of the label and the use of labeled antibody in large excess make the method sensitive enough to measure TSH values falling below the normal reference interval. The standard curve is nearly linear over a wide range of TSH concentrations (standard concentrations range from 0.25 to 324 milli-int. units/L). The lowest concentration detectable was 25 micro-int. units/L. The CV for the assay was less than 6% at 0.5 milli-int. unit/L or higher, 11.3% at 0.1 milli-int. unit/L. For a CV of 10% the lower limit of the working range would be around 0.1 milli-int. unit/L. The interassay CV was 6.7 to 11.8% for TSH concentrations of 0.31 to 19.6 milli-int. units/L. The 95% confidence interval for sera from 111 healthy persons was 0.6-3.8 (range 0.3-3.8) milli-int. units/L. For hyperthyroid patients and thyroid cancer patients treated with thyroxin after thyroidectomy, serum TSH values were all below the reference interval (most were less than 25 micro-int. units/L). AUKaihola HL; Irjala K; Viikari J; Nanto V EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1706-9 MJThyrotropin MNAdult; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Hyperthyroidism /BL; Middle Age; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Reference Values; Thyroid Neoplasms /BL; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN51-35-4 (Hydroxyproline) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002740 TILiquid chromatography of free hydroxyproline in serum. ABWe report a ╥high-performance╙ liquid-chromatographic method for measuring free hydroxyproline in serum. After separating the free hydroxyproline from the protein- and peptide-bound forms by centrifugal ultrafiltration, we derivatize the free form with 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-sulfonyl (╥dabsyl╙) chloride and separate and quantify the derivative on a C18 chromatographic column. The mobile phase is sodium acetate buffer and acetonitrile, in a multilinear solvent gradient. The derivative is detected at 436 nm. Mean analytical recovery was 73%. The assay curve is linear from 14 to 213 pmol of hydroxyproline per 5-microL injection. The within- and interassay CVs were 8% at 10.7 mumol/L hydroxyproline and 10% at 13.5 mumol/L hydroxyproline, respectively. AUTurpeinen U; Pomoell UM EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1710-2 MJHydroxyproline MNAdult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid /MT; Ultrafiltration MTHuman RN1088-11-5 (Demethyldiazepam); 439-14-5 (Diazepam); 604-75-1 (Oxazepam); 846-50-4 (Temazepam) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002741 TILiquid-chromatographic assay of diazepam and its major metabolites in serum, and application to pharmacokinetic study of high doses of diazepam in schizophrenics. ABIn this rapid, sensitive method for simultaneously determining diazepam and its biologically active metabolites--nordiazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam--in serum, 250 to 1000 microL of serum is extracted with ether and the extracted compounds are quantified by ╥high-performance╙ liquid chromatography on a Shimpack FLC-C8 microparticulate column. Absorbance of the effluent is monitored at 254 nm. The limit of detection in serum is about 10 micrograms/L for each drug. Analytical recovery of each drug added to the serum varied from 91 to 102% for oxazepam and temazepam, from 82 to 99% for nordiazepam and diazepam. Within-day and between-day CVs ranged from 2 to 5% for oxazepam and temazepam, and from 2 to 7% for nordiazepam and diazepam. We also report results on using this assay in a pharmacokinetic study of high doses of diazepam used to treat chronic schizophrenic patients. AUTada K; Moroji T; Sekiguchi R; Motomura H; Noguchi T EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1712-5 MJDiazepam /BL; Schizophrenia MNAdministration, Oral; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid /MT; Demethyldiazepam /BL; Diazepam /AD /TU; Kinetics; Oxazepam /BL; Temazepam /BL MTFemale; Human IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002742 TIAnion-exchange chromatography to determine the concentration of chloride in sweat for diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. ABFor the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, we use the ╥Macroduct Sweat Collection System╙ (Wescor) to sample sweat, and anion-exchange chromatography to determine its chloride content. The chromatographic system consists of a Whatman Partisil SAX 10-microns column, an isocratic phosphate-buffered mobile phase, and ultraviolet detection at 200 nm. The sweat chloride concentrations of 10 individuals with cystic fibrosis ranged from 101 to 131 mmol/L (mean 111, SD 9 mmol/L). For 11 controls the values ranged from 13 to 54 mmol/L (mean 28, SD 11 mmol/L). We conclude that the procedure is reliable for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. AUMiller ME; Cosgriff JM; Schwartz RH EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1715-6 MJChlorides; Cystic Fibrosis; Sweat MNAdult; Child, Preschool; Child; Chromatography, Ion Exchange /MT; Osmolar Concentration MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002743 TISolid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography for improved assay of cyclosporine in whole blood or plasma. ABIn this simple, precise, accurate, and specific isocratic liquid chromatographic procedure for determining cyclosporine, the cyclosporine is extracted from 1 mL of whole blood or from plasma, with 500 micrograms of cyclosporin D added per liter as internal standard, by elution from a Bond-ElutTM C18 extraction column with 300 microL of a mixture of ethanol and tetrahydrofuran. A 100-microL aliquot of the eluate, injected onto a cyano-phase analytical column, is eluted with a mixture of acetonitrile and pH 7.0 phosphate buffer at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and at 50 degrees C. Detection is at 210 nm. The chromatography is complete in less than 14.0 min. The method can measure less than 10.0 micrograms/L. Analytical recovery of cyclosporine added to whole blood ranged from 99 to 109% for concentrations up to 2000 micrograms/L. Between-run CVs ranged from 6.4 to 6.6%. None of numerous drugs and steroids tested interfered. Results by radioimmunoassay exceeded by 20 to 350% those measured by the present method. AUKabra PM; Wall JH; Blanckaert N EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1717-20 MJCyclosporins MNChromatography, Liquid /MT; Radioimmunoassay; Temperature MTHuman RN0 (osteocalcin) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002744 TIDetermination of osteocalcin in human serum: results with two kits compared with those by a well-characterized assay. ABOsteocalcin, the vitamin K-dependent protein in bone, can also be detected in serum and is receiving increased attention as a marker for bone turnover in evaluating patients with metabolic bone disease. We compared results for patients as determined with two commercial radioimmunoassay kits (Immuno Nuclear Corp. and Seragen Inc.) and with our in-house radioimmunoassay (Methods Enzymol 107: 517, 1984). Results by our assay correlated well (r greater than 0.9) with those by both kits, but the values by the Immuno Nuclear and Seragen methods were respectively 40% and 10% lower than by our radioimmunoassay. Within-run variation (CV) for the two kit methods was respectively 7.3% and 9.8%, run-to-run CV was 9.7% and 8.6%. The standard curve was linear from 1 to 25 micrograms/L for the Immuno Nuclear kit, from 4 to 100 micrograms/L for the Seragen equilibrium method, and from 1 to 25 micrograms/L for the Seragen nonequilibrium method. A second freeze-thaw cycle reduced the serum values by 20% to 40% for both kit methods. A third freeze-thaw cycle further reduced values and eliminated any correlation among methods. AUGundberg CM; Wilson PS; Gallop PM; Parfitt AM EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1720-3 MJCalcium-Binding Proteins; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic MNMethods; Radioimmunoassay MTComparative Study; Human RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); 0 (hippuryl N-hydroxysuccinimide ester); 11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 65114-37-6 (Bolton-Hunter reagent) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002745 TIStudies directed toward labeling analysis of angiotensin II in plasma. ABWe assay a 1-mL plasma sample containing angiotensin II (103 pg by radioimmunoassay) for the hormone by the following sequence of steps: add 125I-labeled val5-angiotensin II as an internal standard, extract on a C18 Sep Pak column, extract on an antibody affinity column, label the extract with an 125I Bolton-Hunter reagent, separate on a Bio Gel P2 column, and repetitively separate on a reversed-phase ╥high-performance╙ liquid-chromatographic column, detecting the eluting compounds by counting radioactivity. The fact that we measured 46 pg of angiotensin II-like substance per milliliter in a sample of pooled plasma is encouraging for the further development of this methodology. In particular, replacing the radioisotope with a more suitable chemical label such as an electrophoric (electron-capturing) release tag should be useful. AUEmanuel RL; Joppich-Kuhn R; Williams GH; Giese RW EM8601 IDS07 RR 05830; HL16821; HL29950; + SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1723-8 MJAngiotensin II; Isotope Labeling MNChromatography, Affinity; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid /MT; Hippurates /ME; Iodine Radioisotopes; Radioimmunoassay; Succinimides /ME; Trypsin /ME MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN25191-25-7 (polyvinyl sulfate); 9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002746 TIFive methods for measuring low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in serum compared. ABFive methods for the quantification of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol were compared: ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, precipitation with polyvinyl sulfate or heparin, and an indirect calculation procedure (Friedewald formula). Excellent agreement of results was obtained with all procedures for 49 of 51 sera. Discrepancies were as much as 1.69 g/L for the remaining two cases, which contained appreciable amounts of ╥floating╙ beta-cholesterol as detected with a combination of ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis. AUHoffmann GE; Hiefinger R; Weiss L; Poppe W EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1729-30 MJLipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol MNElectrophoresis; Heparin; Mathematics; Polyvinyls; Precipitation; Ultracentrifugation MTComparative Study; Human RN50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 7439-91-0 (Lanthanum); 76-03-9 (Trichloroacetic Acid); 9010-38-2 (Transcortin) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002747 TIDirect solid-phase time-resolved immunofluorometric assay of cortisol in serum. ABA dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay of serum cortisol based on time-resolved fluorescence is described. The assay is a direct assay, where cortisol immobilized on the wall of a microtiter-strip well competes with cortisol in the sample for the europium-labeled polyclonal antibody. The amount of bound europium-labeled antibody is inversely proportional to the amount of cortisol in the sample. Separation is accomplished by washing the strip well. The assay is carried out in 2 h, at room temperature; it is easy to perform and gives accurate and reliable results. A chaotropic agent, trichloracetic acid, was very effective in releasing cortisol from binding proteins. This finding will have practical importance in the immunoassay field. AUEskola JU; Nanto V ; Meurling L; Lovgren TN EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1731-4 MJHydrocortisone MNAntibody Specificity; Carrier Proteins; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Immune Sera; Kinetics; Lanthanum; Reference Values; Sheep; Time Factors; Transcortin /AN; Trichloroacetic Acid MTAnimal; Human RN0 (oligoclonal immunoglobulins); 7440-22-4 (Silver) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002748 TIOligoclonal banding in cerebrospinal fluid assessed by electrophoresis on agarose after centrifugal sample concentration through a microconcentrator membrane. ABWe describe use of a microconcentrator membrane with a 30 000-Da cutoff for treatment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens before detection of oligoclonal bands by electrophoresis on agarose. After centrifugation at 2000 X g for 25 min, 0.5-, 1.0-, and 2.0-mL aliquots of CSF were concentrated 15-, 25-, and 40-fold. Analytical recovery of immunoglobulins G and A from the microconcentrators was about 90% (CV 5-8%). We found good correlation between results by this method and by a silver-stain procedure in a study comparing oligoclonal banding in CSF from multiple sclerosis and control patients. After 40-fold concentration of 2 mL of CSF, 2 mg of immunoglobulin G per liter can be detected, because the analytical sensitivity of the electrophoresis is 80 mg/L. AUChristenson RH; Russell ME; Gubar KT; Silverman LM; Ebers GC EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1734-6 MJImmunoglobulins MNCentrifugation; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Filtration; Multiple Myeloma /BL /CF; Multiple Sclerosis /CF /IM; Silver; Stains and Staining MTHuman RN9007-74-3 (Fetal Hemoglobin) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002749 TIEstimation of highly increased concentrations of fetal hemoglobin in Fanconi's anemia. ABWe report a case of Fanconi's anemia with an extremely high proportion of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F). A three-year-old girl with multiple birth defects, mental retardation, and aplastic anemia consistent with Fanconi's anemia showed Hb AF by electrophoresis; the Kleihauer smear showed Hb F in 70% of her erythrocytes. Total Hb concentration was 34 g/L, mean corpuscular volume 119 fL. The proportion of Hb F was 45% by densitometry, 36% by radial immunodiffusion, and 30% by cation-exchange microchromatography. The Hb A2 was 0.5%; glycated Hb was 7.8% by affinity chromatography. Sample volume was insufficient for alkali denaturation. As exemplified with this patient, we recommend microchromatographic cation-exchange assay when Hb F exceeds 30% by densitometry. Here the effect of contamination by Hb A1 was lessened by the high proportion of Hb F. Cation-exchange microchromatography provides clinically relevant Hb F values more quickly than radial immunodiffusion and more conveniently than alkali denaturation. AUKrauss JS; Hahn DA; Jonah MH; Trinh M EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1737-8 MJAnemia, Aplastic; Fanconi's Anemia; Fetal Hemoglobin MNAbnormalities, Multiple /BL; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, Affinity; Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate; Leukocyte Count MTCase Report; Female; Human RNEC 1.1.1.27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase); EC 2.6.1.1 (Aspartate Aminotransferase); EC 2.7.3.- (Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes); 58-55-9 (Theophylline) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002751 TIIncreased activity of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB in a theophylline-intoxicated patient. ABA 78-year-old woman had increased activities of creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) and CK-MB isoenzyme in her serum, associated with severe theophylline intoxication. The time course for CK-MB activity was similar to that from an acute myocardial infarction. Clinical findings, however, including electrocardiograms, did not support the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. We suggest caution in interpreting CK-MB results in severe theophylline intoxication. AUNg RH; Roe C; Funt D; Statland BE EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1741-2 MJCreatine Kinase Isoenzymes; Theophylline MNAged; Aspartate Aminotransferase /BL; Diagnosis, Differential; Lactate Dehydrogenase /BL; Lung Diseases, Obstructive /DT; Myocardial Infarction /DI; Theophylline /TU MTCase Report; Female; Human RNEC 1.1.1.27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase); EC 2.3.2.2 (Gamma-Glutamyltransferase); EC 2.6.1.1 (Aspartate Aminotransferase); EC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Aminotransferase); EC 2.7.3.- (Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes); EC 3.1.3. (Nucleotidases); EC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase); EC 3.1.3.5 (5'-nucleotidase); EC 3.2.1. (Amylases); EC 3.2.1.- (macroamylase); EC 3.2.1.1 (Alpha-Amylase); EC 3.4.11.1 (Leucine Aminopeptidase) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002752 TIUniversity of Virginia case conference. Macroamylase, macro creatine kinase, and other macroenzymes. ABThe importance of macroenzymes has become increasingly apparent in recent years (1,2). Macroamylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and macro CK (EC 2.7.3.2) are the macroenzymes most commonly noted in the clinical laboratory, and they are frequently responsible for diagnostic confusion. Several methods are available for the confirmation and analysis of macroenzymes, many of which require expensive equipment or complicated techniques. In this report we summarize two cases of macro creatine kinase and two cases of macroamylase that illustrate the clinical importance of recognizing these macroenzymes. We review the features of these macroenzymes, discuss their laboratory evaluation, and describe a simple method that we have used to detect the macroenzymes in these (and other) patients at our institution. Finally, we review the literature on other, less commonly observed macroenzymes in human blood. We stress (a) the impact of methodology on clinical impressions and (b) the importance of discussing laboratory observations with the patient's physician and communicating them to the patient's medical record in writing. AUMifflin TE; Bruns DE; Wrotnoski U; MacMillan RH; Stallings RG; Felder RA; Herold DA EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1743-8 MJAlpha-Amylase; Amylases; Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes MNAcute Disease; Adult; Aged; Alanine Aminotransferase /BL; Alkaline Phosphatase /BL; Aspartate Aminotransferase /BL; Cerebral Ischemia, Transient /DI; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Enzyme Tests; Gamma-Glutamyltransferase /BL; Lactate Dehydrogenase /BL; Leucine Aminopeptidase /BL; Macromolecular Systems; Middle Age; Myocardial Infarction /DI; Nucleotidases /BL; Pancreatitis /DI MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN144-86-5 (chloramine-T) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002753 TIRadioimmunoassay of human choriogonadotropin. AUVaitukaitis JL EM8601 IDRR-533 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1749-54 MJGonadotropins, Chorionic MNChloramines; Microchemistry /MT; Pregnancy, Ectopic /DI; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Radioimmunoassay /MT MTAnimal; Female; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7732-18-5 (Water) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002754 TIThe last alchemist--the first biochemist: J.B. van Helmont (1577-1644). AURosenfeld L PSvan Helmont JB EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1755-60 MJAlchemy; Biochemistry MNFever /ET; Gases; History of Medicine, 16th Cent.; History of Medicine, 17th Cent.; Medicine, Herbal; Philosophy, Medical; Portraits; Water MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography MTHuman RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002755 TISingle-reagent automated determination of angiotensin converting enzyme in serum [letter] AUHendriks D; Scharpe S ; van Sande M; Vingerhoed JP EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1761 MJKininase II MNAutoanalysis /MT MTHuman RN11103-57-4 (Vitamin A); 127-47-9 (retinol acetate); 1406-18-4 (Vitamin E); 7695-91-2 (vitamin E acetate) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002756 TIAdministered tocopheryl acetate interferes in liquid-chromatographic assay of serum tocopherol [letter] AUTurley CP; Brewster MA; Catignani GL EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1761-2 MJVitamin E MNChild; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid /MT; False Negative Reactions; Parenteral Hyperalimentation; Reference Standards; Vitamin A /AA MTHuman RN9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002757 TIAntibodies interfering in immunometric assays [letter] AUClark PM; Raggatt PR; Price CP EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1762 MJAntibodies; Thyrotropin MNAdult; False Positive Reactions; Immunoenzyme Technics; Mice; Radioimmunoassay MTAnimal; Female; Human IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002758 TIEstimation of low-density lipoprotein by the Friedewald formula and by electrophoresis compared [letter] AUNiedbala RS; Schray KJ; Foery R; Clement G EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1762-3 MJLipoproteins, LDL MNAdult; Age Factors; Electrophoresis; Mathematics; Middle Age; Sex Factors; Triglycerides /BL MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002759 TILight chain disease and massive proteinuria: comment [letter] AUDe Silva LV; Taylor F EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1763 MJHypergammaglobulinemia; Proteinuria MNImmunoglobulins, Light Chain; Multiple Myeloma /CO /DI MTHuman RN9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002760 TIProlactin concentrations in serum unchanged in transient global amnesia [letter] AUMatias-Guiu J; Garcia C; Galdos L; Codina A EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1764 MJAmnesia; Prolactin MNAdult; Aged; Amnesia, Retrograde /BL; Electroencephalography; Middle Age; Radioimmunoassay MTFemale; Human RN4429-04-3 (fructosamine) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002761 TISerum fructosamine and assay pH [letter] AULloyd D; Marples J EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1764-5 MJHexosamines; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MNDiabetes Mellitus /BL; Methods MTHuman RN9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002762 TILow thyrotropin concentrations as measured with a commercial kit [letter] AUHamlin CR EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1765 MJReagent Kits, Diagnostic; Thyrotropin MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Reference Values MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002763 TISalicylate procedure for the Cobas-Bio analyzer [letter] AULandek D EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1765 MJAutoanalysis; Salicylates MNChild; Microchemistry /MT MTHuman RN7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002764 TICalibration of direct ion-selective electrodes for plasma Na+ to allow for the influence of protein concentration [letter] AUBroughton PM; Smith SC; Buckley BM EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1765-6 MJBlood Proteins; Sodium MNBody Water; Electrodes; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Photometry; Potassium /BL MTHuman RN7631-86-9 (Silica); 7732-18-5 (Water) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002765 TIProblems with transporting serum to the laboratory for cryoglobulin assay: a solution [letter] AUKeren DF; Di Sante AC; Mervak T; Bordine SL EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1766-7 MJBlood Specimen Collection; Cryoglobulins MNSilica; Temperature; Water MTHuman RN64-18-6 (formic acid); 67-56-1 (Alcohol, Methyl) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002766 TIMore on a case of methanol poisoning: error in a procedure [letter] AUMakar AB; Tephly TR EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1767-8 MJAlcohol, Methyl /PO MNAdult; Alcohol, Methyl /BL; Body Water; Carbon Dioxide /BL; Eye /DE; Formic Acids /BL; Infant; Mathematics; Time Factors MTHuman; Male RN7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7439-96-5 (Manganese); 9005-49-6 (Heparin); 9042-14-2 (dextran sulfate) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002767 TIAccuracy and precipitation efficiency of improved precipitation methods for quantifying high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol [letter] AUDemacker PN EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1768-70 MJLipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol MNApolipoproteins B /BL; Dextrans; Heparin; Magnesium; Manganese; Methods; Polyethylene Glycols MTHuman RN57-44-3 (Barbital) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002768 TIA case of barbital poisoning [letter] AURichardson T; Robinson MC; Dawson D; Pye M EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1770-1 MJBarbital; Barbiturates MNAdult; Barbiturates /UR; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Electroencephalography; Half-Life; Suicide, Attempted MTCase Report; Female; Human RN25305-78-6 (brilliant blue) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002769 TITotal protein concentrations determined for CAP urine survey specimens with Coomassie Brilliant Blue reagent are dilution dependent [letter] AUGoren MP; Wright RK; Li JT EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1771-2 MJBenzenesulfonates; Proteinuria MNMethods; Reference Standards MTHuman RNEC 2.7.3.- (Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002770 TIPrognostic significance of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme in serum of patients with renal failure [letter] AUMedeiros LJ; Gerson B EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1772-3 MJCreatine Kinase Isoenzymes; Kidney Failure, Chronic MNDensitometry; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Fluorometry; Prognosis MTHuman RN97-05-2 (sulfosalicylic acid) IS0009-9147 LAEnglish JCDBZ SBM; X UI86002771 TIUsing filtrates of urine centrifuged through a microconcentrator membrane to distinguish false and true positives for protein by sulfosalicylic acid precipitation [letter] AULongway SR; Alexander NM EM8601 SOClin Chem (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1773-4 MJProteinuria; Salicylic Acids MNCentrifugation; False Positive Reactions; Filtration; Microchemistry /MT; Precipitation MTHuman RN9007-36-7 (Complement) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002772 TIRecurrent infections in sickle cell disease: haematological and immune studies. ABSome haematological and immunological indices were compared in 19 children with sickle cell disease and a history of recurrent infections and in 16 children with sickle cell disease without any known infections. The recurrent infection group had significantly greater pitted red cell counts and greater absolute monocyte counts. No differences were apparent in routine haematological indices, foetal haemoglobin, immunoglobulin, or complement levels between the groups. The interpretation of these results is discussed. AUDe Ceulaer K; Pagliuca A; Forbes M; Maude GH; Serjeant BE; Serjeant GR EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jun 14 1985, 148(3) p161-5 MJAnemia, Sickle Cell MNChild, Preschool; Complement /AN; Immunoglobulins /AN; Infant; Leukocyte Count; Recurrence MTHuman RNEC 2.7.2.3 (Phosphoglycerate Kinase); 138-81-8 (2,3-diphosphoglycerate); 61-73-4 (Methylene Blue) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002773 TILack of effect of increased 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on flux through the oxidative pathway in phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency. ABErythrocyte enzyme and substrate levels in two subjects with phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency are reported. The effect of the increased 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, which has been reported as an inhibitor of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, on the flux through the pentose phosphate pathway, was assessed. There was no significant difference in the flux through erythrocytes from one of the affected subjects and normal subjects in the presence and absence of methylene blue. AUSvirklys LG; O'Sullivan WJ EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jun 14 1985, 148(3) p167-71 MJDiphosphoglyceric Acids; Phosphoglycerate Kinase MNAdult; Anemia, Hemolytic /EN; Child; Erythrocytes /EN; Methylene Blue; Pentosephosphate Pathway MTHuman; Male IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002774 TIAccurate quantitation of native Gc in serum and estimation of endogenous Gc: G-actin complexes by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. ABComplex formation between purified Gc and G-actin caused increased rocket height on immunoelectrophoresis with monospecific Gc antiserum, and artifactually high calculated Gc levels. The increase in rocket height varied in log: linear fashion with the amount of G-actin present, up to a plateau attained at equimolarity. The raw Gc values could therefore be corrected to within +/- 10% of known levels by addition of excess G-actin and use of standard plots obtained with Gc after saturation with G-actin. This also allowed quantitation of the percentage of Gc complexed with G-actin. In subsequent studies of whole human sera, comparison of normal controls with pregnant subjects and patients with liver disease showed evidence of differences both in absolute quantities of Gc and the relative proportion circulating as complex with G-actin. This appeared to be due to increased release of cellular actin into the extracellular space. These results show that rocket immunoelectrophoresis can be modified to provide accurate Gc levels, and also information concerning different molecular forms of this protein. AUGoldschmidt-Clermont PJ; Galbraith RM; Emerson DL; Werner PA; Nel AE; Lee WM EM8601 IDCA-27062; CA-00611 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jun 14 1985, 148(3) p173-83 MJActins; Vitamin D-Binding Protein MNFalse Positive Reactions; Immunoelectrophoresis; Liver Diseases /BL; Macromolecular Systems; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002775 TIAnion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography method for the quantitation of nucleotides in human blood cells. ABAn anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is described for the quantitation of intracellular purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. With an ammonium phosphate salt and pH gradient, complete separation is achieved of all major nucleotides and several interfering substances, such as dehydroascorbic acid and NAD. For optimal resolution of the monophosphates, strict control of the equilibration pH is essential. To prevent interference by a degradation product of NADPH with the determination of GDP, the pH of the high-ionic strength buffer has to be in the range of 4.9-5.0. The use of radially compressed, prepacked cartridges filled with Partisil-10 SAX appeared to be a fast and cheap alternative for expensive stainless-steel columns. The use of ammonium phosphate buffers, in combination with precolumns filled with pellicular silica and SAX resin, and interim EDTA washes prevents baseline shift. This allows analysis at 0.01 Absorbance Units Full Scale during the entire column lifetime (about 180 analyses), which is sufficiently sensitive for the quantitation of low levels of nucleotides, especially when the amount of sample is limited. The usefulness of the presented chromatographic system is demonstrated by the quantitation of the nucleotides in extracts of lymphocytes and neutrophils from the blood of healthy human donors. With this method nucleotide concentrations were measured, with a within-assay variation of 5-10% and an inter-donor variation of 10%. AUde Korte D; Haverkort WA; Roos D; van Gennip AH EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jun 14 1985, 148(3) p185-96 MJBlood Cells; Nucleotides MNBuffers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid /MT; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lymphocytes /AN; Monocytes /AN; Neutrophils /AN; Osmolar Concentration MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.3.- (Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002776 TIIndices for the age of the creatine kinase M-chain in the blood. ABThe apparent activation energy of the CK reaction as well as the Michaelis-Menten constants and the isoelectric point of CK MM can be used as indices for the mean age of the CK M-chain in the blood in vivo and in vitro. Modifications in the CK M-chain take place in vivo in the blood and in vitro in a serum matrix. Gradual increases in the apparent activation energy are also observed both in vivo and in vitro. It is confirmed that the modification in the CK M-chain causes a rise in the apparent activation energy, mu. A gradual increase in apparent activation energy, due to the ageing process of the CK M-chain, was observed after myocardial infarction. A significantly increased value for u was observed at the time that total CK activity already had returned to reference values. In spite of the normal CK value, the apparent activation energy still indicated that there had been myocardial damage. The Michaelis-Menten constants for creatine phosphate and ADP are also influenced significantly by the modification in the M-chain. While the apparent activation energy increases, the Michaelis constants decrease in the order MM3, MM2, MM1. The Michaelis-Menten constants for both ADP and CrP can be used as an index for the mean age of the enzyme in the blood. The Michaelis-Menten constants for CrP and ADP show significant variations with the measuring temperature for virtually all CK MM forms. AUWevers RA; Hagelauer U; Stein W; Bohner J; Faust U; van Landeghem AA; Soons JB EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jun 14 1985, 148(3) p197-210 MJCreatine Kinase Isoenzymes MNKinetics; Macromolecular Systems; Mathematics; Time Factors MTHuman RN64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002777 TIVariations in HDL and VLDL levels chronic alcoholics. Influence of the degree of liver damage and of withdrawal of alcohol. ABChanges in plasma HDL and VLDL levels were investigated in 284 chronic alcoholics staying in a Detoxification Centre where they initiated or continued abstinence. The data show that the variations in plasma HDL are modulated by the degree of liver injury. In severe hepatic damage HDL levels are sharply decreased. An alcohol-induced rise in HDL can occur in the only subjects with no signs of hepatic insufficiency. This elevation is rapidly reversible after withdrawal of alcohol. Such a rise might reflect enhanced synthesis and release by liver but might also be due to an accelerated turnover of the VLDL. AUTateossian S; Peynet JG; Legrand AG; Collet B; Rossignol JA; Delattre JJ; Rousselet FJ EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jun 14 1985, 148(3) p211-9 MJAlcoholism; Lipoproteins, HDL; Lipoproteins, VLDL; Liver; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome MNAlcohol, Ethyl /AE; Alcoholism /PA; Lipids /BL; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol /BL; Phospholipids /BL MTHuman RNEC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002778 TIThe value of combined determination of high molecular mass API and LP-X in the differential diagnosis of intrahepatic and extrahepatic obstruction. ABCombined determination of serum lipoprotein-X and electrophoretic separation of high molecular mass (HMr) alkaline phosphatase has been proposed as a marker for the differential diagnosis between intrahepatic cholestasis and extrahepatic obstructive jaundice. Of 32 patients who were known to be lipoprotein-X positive and in whom a definitive diagnosis had been made, 13 had intrahepatic cholestasis and 17 extrahepatic obstruction, and 2 had both intrahepatic and extrahepatic obstruction. The detection of HMr alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme proved to be a sensitive and specific test for detecting liver disease, particularly obstructive liver disease. The diagnostic significance of the combined determination of serum lipoprotein-X to demonstrate or exclude cholestasis and electrophoretic separation of HMr alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes to allow differentiation between intrahepatic cholestasis and extrahepatic obstruction was investigated. AUSchut JM; Diaz DP EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jun 14 1985, 148(3) p221-7 MJAlkaline Phosphatase; Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Isoenzymes; Lipoprotein-X MNAdult; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Tests; Middle Age; Molecular Weight MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.2.1. (Amylases); 28822-58-4 (1-Methyl-3-Isobutylxanthine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002779 TIAdrenergic secretory responses of submandibular tissues from control subjects and cystic fibrosis patients. ABAdrenergic secretory responses of submandibular glands from control subjects and cystic fibrosis patients have been studied in vitro. In control tissues, isoproterenol (10 mumol/l) and noradrenaline (10 mumol/l) increased release of mucins and amylase to a similar extent (approximately 3-fold) and their actions were mediated by stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. In cystic fibrosis tissues, isoproterenol did not significantly increase release of mucins or amylase above the basal rate during 40 min incubation, whereas secretion in response to noradrenaline was not significantly different from that in control tissues. In the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, secretion of mucins and amylase in response to isoproterenol (10 mumol/l) in cystic fibrosis tissues was increased to the same level as that of noradrenaline (10 mumol/l); giving the same pattern of adrenergic responses in cystic fibrosis tissues as in control. The results suggest that overactivity of phosphodiesterase in cystic fibrosis cells might be the cause of the observed decreased secretion in response to a beta-adrenergic agonist. AUMcPherson MA; Dormer RL; Dodge JA; Goodchild MC EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jun 14 1985, 148(3) p229-37 MJCystic Fibrosis; Receptors, Adrenergic; Submandibular Gland /SE MN1-Methyl-3-Isobutylxanthine /PD; Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /ME; Adult; Amylases /ME; Child; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Infant; Isoproterenol /PD; Middle Age; Mucins /SE; Norepinephrine /PD; Submandibular Gland /CY; Time Factors MTHuman; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 7440-66-6 (Zinc); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002780 TIHormonal profile and serum zinc levels in uraemic men with gonadal dysfunction undergoing haemodialysis. ABSerum gonadal hormones, gonadotrophins and zinc levels were studied in thirteen men aged 29-62 yr with chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis. All patients had decreased libido and impotence. Serum testosterone levels in patients (18.5 +/- 1.3 (SEM) nmol/l) were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than in the control group (24.1 +/- 2.2 (SEM) nmol/l) although salivary testosterone levels were strictly within the normal range. Mean serum 17-beta-oestradiol and luteinizing hormone levels (0.19 +/- 0.03 (SEM) nmol/l, and 57.4 +/- 13.1 (SEM) IU/l, respectively) were significantly higher (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.005, respectively) than in the control group (0.11 +/- 0.02 (SEM) nmol/l and 14.8 +/- 1.9 (SEM) IU/l, respectively). Mean progesterone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in patients were not significantly different from those of control subjects. Mean prolactin values in patients (1,019 +/- 285 (SEM) mIU/l) were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in the control group (211 +/- 24 (SEM) mIU/l). Serum prolactin levels in five patients were extremely high (above 1,200 mIU/l). There was no statistically significant difference in serum zinc levels between patients and controls. As salivary testosterone is normal, it seems that hyperprolactinaemia and raised serum 17-beta-oestradiol levels may be responsible, at least in part, for sexual dysfunction in male patients with chronic renal failure receiving haemodialysis. AUJoven J; Villabona C; Rubies-Prat J ; Espinel E; Galard R EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jun 14 1985, 148(3) p239-45 MJHemodialysis; Hormones; Sex Disorders /ET; Uremia; Zinc MNAdult; Estradiol /BL; FSH /BL; Impotence /BL /ET; Kidney Failure, Chronic /CO /TH; LH /BL; Libido; Middle Age; Progesterone /BL; Prolactin /BL; Saliva /AN; Sex Disorders /BL; Testosterone /AN; Uremia /CO MTHuman; Male RN11103-57-4 (Vitamin A); 60-27-5 (Creatinine) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002781 TISignificance of vitamin A and retinol binding protein serum levels after burn injury. AUCynober L; Desmoulins D; Lioret N; Aussel C; Hirsch-Marie H; Saizy R EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jun 14 1985, 148(3) p247-53 MJBurns; Retinol-Binding Proteins; Vitamin A MNBurns /PP; Creatinine /BL; Kidney /PP; Middle Age; Prealbumin /BL; Time Factors MTHuman IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002782 TIStability of amino acids in human plasma. AUSahai S; Uhlhaas S EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jun 14 1985, 148(3) p255-9 MJAmino Acids MNBlood Specimen Collection; Methods; Time Factors MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN107-92-6 (butyric acid) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002783 TIA rapid, simple and sensitive gas chromatographic micromethod for the quantitation of butyric acid and other short-chain fatty acids in serum. AUBrazier M; Desmet G; Pieri F; Daniel P EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jun 14 1985, 148(3) p261-5 MJFatty Acids MNButyric Acids /BL; Chromatography, Gas /MT; Microchemistry /MT; Rabbits MTAnimal RNEC 2.4.2. (Pentosyltransferases); EC 2.4.2.7 (Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase); 61-19-8 (Adenosine Monophosphate); 73-24-5 (Adenine) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002784 TIAdenine phosphoribosyl transferase: assay using high performance liquid chromatography. AURylance HJ; Wallace RC; Nuki G EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jun 14 1985, 148(3) p267-72 MJAdenine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Pentosyltransferases MNAdenine /ME; Adenosine Monophosphate /ME; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid /MT; Erythrocytes /EN; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Time Factors MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.13. (Dipeptidases); EC 3.4.13.8 (prolyl dipeptidase); EC 3.4.13.9 (proline dipeptidase); 7440-43-9 (Cadmium); 7440-48-4 (Cobalt) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002785 TICell density affects prolidase and prolinase activity and intracellular amino acid levels in cultured human cells. ABProlidase (EC 3.4.13.9) and prolinase (EC 3.4.13.8) and intracellular amino acid levels in cultured human cells increased when cell density rose. Firstly, two normal fibroblast strains were continuously cultured for 21 days and these parameters were measured on days 3, 7, 10, 14, 17 and 21 after plating. Prolidase, prolinase and amino acid levels varied considerably depending on the duration of culture and growth rate. Secondly, we studied the action of different cadmium and cobalt concentrations on prolidase activity. These two effectors altered this enzyme activity, but secondarily to modifying cell density. Thirdly, prolidase activity was investigated in 8 control amniotic cell strains, with a view to prenatal diagnosis of inherited prolidase deficiency, and we noted the same cell density interference. Due to the large variations related to cell density, we recommend specifying the number of cells per unit surface, and avoiding the term 'cells at confluency' which is unduly vague. AUMyara I; Charpentier C; Gautier M; Lemonnier A EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jul 30 1985, 150(1) p1-9 MJAmino Acids; Cell Count; Dipeptidases /ME MNAmniotic Fluid /CY; Cadmium /PD; Cell Count /DE; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Cobalt /PD; Dipeptidases /DF; Fibroblasts /EN; Infant; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis /MT MTFemale; Human RN7440-50-8 (Copper) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002786 TIDetermination of copper in whole blood, plasma and serum using Zeeman effect atomic absorption spectroscopy. ABMethods are presented for the determination of copper in whole blood, plasma and serum using Zeeman effect flame and furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Three flame measurement modes were compared: continuous aspiration, microsampling in the peak height mode and microsampling in the peak area mode. The microsampler/peak area method was the most satisfactory. The precision for the microsampler/peak area method was as follows: the within-run relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.84% and 1.89% for whole blood specimens with copper concentrations of 983 micrograms/l and 974 micrograms/l, respectively. The within-run RSD was 2.14, 1.66 and 0.87% for plasma specimens with concentrations of 990, 1,467 and 1,963 micrograms/l, respectively. Within-run RSD was 6.64, 2.86 and 1.15% for serum specimens with concentrations of 462, 984 and 2,056 micrograms/l, respectively. The average detection limit for the microsampler/peak area method was 10.3 micrograms/l. Concentrations could be read directly from standards prepared in human whole blood, plasma or serum pools or in a commercial control. AULiska SK; Kerkay J; Pearson KH EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jul 30 1985, 150(1) p11-9 MJCopper MNBlood; Microchemistry; Plasma /AN; Quality Control; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption /MT MTComparative Study; Human RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002787 TIAltered isoelectric focusing of alpha 2-macroglobulin from plasma of patients with diabetes mellitus. ABPlasma from both type I and type II patients with diabetes mellitus displayed elevated alpha 2-macroglobulin trypsin-binding activity relative to normals. Column isoelectric focusing indicated that the average isoelectric point (pI) of the major form of crude alpha 2-macroglobulin was 6.6, 5.9, and 6.2 for normal, type I and type II subjects, respectively. Focused crude diabetic alpha 2-macroglobulin displayed significantly less recovered trypsin-binding activity relative to controls, particularly above a pI value of 6.0. Following preincubation with trypsin, the crude diabetic alpha 2-macroglobulin displayed a single isoelectric form (pI value of 5.3-5.5) and a substantial increase in recovered activity which were both comparable to normal alpha 2-macroglobulin. Purified alpha 2-macroglobulin from both normal and diabetic subjects displayed similar focusing profiles having a distribution of three forms with a pI value of 5.3-5.4 for the principal form. Trypsin-preincubated samples of purified alpha 2-macroglobulin displayed a single form with a pI value of 5.5-6.0. Preincubation of purified normal or diabetic alpha 2-macroglobulin with a plasma preparation devoid of alpha 2-macroglobulin from normal or diabetic plasma resulted in significantly lowered recovery of activity. All of the above studies suggest that the altered focusing properties observed for crude diabetic alpha 2-macroglobulin are due to components of the plasma rather than to alpha 2-macroglobulin itself. AUBack SA; Lorenzi M; Alhadeff JA EM8601 IDAM 33532 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jul 30 1985, 150(1) p21-9 MJAlpha Macroglobulins /ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent MNAdult; Aged; Alpha Macroglobulins /IP; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoelectric Point; Middle Age; Trypsin /ME MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.7.3.- (Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002788 TIHighly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for human creatine kinase BB isozyme. ABA sensitive sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay method for measurement of brain-type isozyme of human creatine kinase (CK-BB) was developed using purified antibodies specific to the B subunit. The assay system consisted of polystyrene balls with immobilized antibody F(ab')2 fragments and the same antibody Fab' fragments labelled with beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. The assay was highly sensitive and 1 pg of CK-BB was measurable. The assay was specific to the B subunit of creatine kinase (CK-B), and it cross-reacted about 25% with CK-MB, the heart-type isozyme. However, the assay showed no cross-reactivity with CK-MM, the muscle type-isozyme or with neuron-specific gamma gamma enolase. Coefficients of variation in within-run and between-run precision studies for serum CK-B were less than 8%. Serum CK-B levels in healthy adults of various ages (16-59 yr old) ranged from 0.25-1.44 ng/ml, whereas the CK-B concentrations in children (less than 10 yr old) were relatively high, ranging from 1.3-7.4 ng/ml. The CK-B levels in the cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) could be determined by the present method, and they ranged from 0.10-0.76 ng/ml in the samples from patients with non-neuronal disorders. Determination of immunoreactive CK-B in the extracts of various human tissues confirmed previous reports that CK-B was distributed at high concentrations in the central nervous tissue, prostate, uterus, bladder, gastrointestinal tract and heart muscle. AUKato K; Shimizu A; Ishiguro Y; Mokuno K; Ariyoshi Y; Nakajima T EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jul 30 1985, 150(1) p31-40 MJCreatine Kinase Isoenzymes MNAdult; Aged; Brain /EN; Child, Preschool; Child; Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes /BL /CF; Immunoenzyme Technics /ST; Infant; Microchemistry; Middle Age; Muscle, Smooth /EN; Reference Values; Tissue Distribution MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9007-73-2 (Ferritin) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002789 TIImmunoreactivities of human isoferritins. ABWe have examined the immunoreactivities of antisera prepared against ferritins from human liver and HeLa cells to tissue ferritins and to individual isoferritins. In a radioimmune assay for HeLa ferritin the cross-reactivity of liver ferritin was about 2.5%. However, the apparent recovery of liver ferritin in the presence of different levels of HeLa ferritin was very much greater than that predicted from the measured cross-reactivity. This anomalous behaviour was eliminated by absorption of the HeLa antiserum with L-rich ferritins, suggesting that it represented interaction with common determinants in H and L subunits. The relative levels of H and L determinants measured by radioimmunoassay in individual isoferritins correlated with their relative contents of H and L subunits. However, in some parts of the isoferritin spectrum, the radioimmunoassay underestimated the H subunit content of L-rich isoferritins and overestimated the H subunit content of L-rich isoferritins and overestimated the H subunit content of H-rich isoferritins. This finding suggests differential expression of determinants in the various heteropolymers. These could arise from conformational changes leading to exposure or internalization of different determinants, or to recognition of determinants from certain subunit interactions. AURoberts DD; Drysdale JW EM8601 IDNIHAM17775 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jul 30 1985, 150(1) p41-51 MJFerritin /IM; Hela Cells; Liver MNAntibody Specificity; Antigenic Determinants /IM; Ferritin /AN; Immune Sera /IM; Immunosorbent Technics; Isoelectric Point; Kidney /AN; Macromolecular Systems; Radioimmunoassay MTComparative Study; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN108-10-1 (methyl isobutyl ketone); 148-97-0 (cupferron); 591-78-6 (Methyl N-Butyl Ketone); 7440-62-2 (Vanadium) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002790 TISensitive determination of urinary vanadium by solvent extraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy. AUBuratti M; Pellegrino O; Caravelli G; Calzaferri G; Bettinelli M; Colombi A; Maroni M EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Jul 30 1985, 150(1) p53-8 MJVanadium /UR MNHydrogen-Ion Concentration; Methyl N-Butyl Ketone; Nitrosamines; Oxidation-Reduction; Solvents; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption; Vanadium /IP MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002791 TIRenal vein renin measurement and arteriography in the investigation and management of severe childhood hypertension. ABForty-two children aged one to sixteen years with persistent and severe hypertension were investigated by renal vein renin measurements. There were no serious complications in the 49 procedures performed and technical failure occurred on three occasions. Arteriography was performed in 35. Asymmetrical renin release was found in 22 patients and of these 15 underwent surgery. This was successful in 12 patients (80%) who became normotensive. Ten had unilateral disease (100% cure rate) but only 2 (40%) with bilateral disease became normotensive. Renal vein renin studies combined with arteriography have a useful role in the investigation and management of childhood hypertension. AUAlroomi LG; Murphy AV; Nelson CS; Ziervogel MA; Paton RD; Berry P; Logan RW; Arneil GC EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Aug 15 1985, 150(2) p103-9 MJHypertension; Renin MNAdolescence; Angiography; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Renal Veins MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1344-28-1 (Aluminum Oxide); 36894-69-6 (Labetalol) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002792 TIInterference of labetalol metabolites in the determination of plasma catecholamines by HPLC with electrochemical detection. ABThe alpha and beta adrenoceptor blocking drug labetalol is a potent antihypertensive agent in widespread clinical use. Its interference in the classical chemical estimations of urinary catecholamines and their metabolites has been the subject of several reports. Factitiously raised values have been noted in both the fluorimetric catecholamine assay, and the standard spectrophotometric procedure for total (free and conjugated) metadrenalines. To avoid such drug interference, modification of these methods is required in the estimation of catecholamines and their o-methylated metabolites. Alternatively, VMA estimations or plasma/urinary catecholamine measurements by radioenzymatic assay may be used in patients on labetalol. Although high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) methods for estimation of plasma catecholamines are now in widespread use, the interference of labetalol in this method has not been reported. We now report that significant direct interference of labetalol in the HPLC-ECD assay does indeed occur, and can yield spuriously raised adrenaline levels. AUBouloux PM; Perrett D EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Aug 15 1985, 150(2) p111-7 MJCatecholamines; Labetalol MNAluminum Oxide; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid /MT; Electrochemistry; False Positive Reactions MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002793 TIThe quantification of human IgG subclasses in reference preparations. ABThree laboratories took part in an investigation about the possibilities of quantitative determination of IgG subclasses. Polyclonal monospecific antisera were used in combination with different kinds of calibrators to assess the IgG subclass levels in three W.H.O. reference preparations. IgG 1 could be determined with satisfactory precision; for the other subclasses the quantification was less precise. The precision was dependent on the antisera for IgG 1, IgG 2 and IgG 4 but mainly on the calibrators for IgG 3. Mass units are to be preferred to relative units. W.H.O. reference preparation 67/97 is proposed as a reference for determination of IgG subclasses in mass units. The target values are 5.0 g/l for IgG 1, 2.6 g/l for IgG 2, 0.4 g/l for IgG 3 and 0.5 g/l for IgG 4. These values add up to a total IgG value close to earlier W.H.O. estimates. AUKlein F; Skvaril F; Vermeeren R; Vlug A; Duimel WJ EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Aug 15 1985, 150(2) p119-27 MJIgG; Reference Standards MNWorld Health Organization MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002794 TIA simple detection of sialic acid storage disorders by urinary 'free' and 'total' sialic acid determinations. AUCardo PP; Lombardo C; Gatti R EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Aug 15 1985, 150(2) p129-35 MJGlycogenosis; Sialic Acids MNAdolescence; Age Factors; Child, Preschool; Child; Glycogenosis /UR; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Methods MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN54-31-9 (Furosemide); 630-60-4 (Ouabain); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002795 TISemi-micro method for the determination of cation flux rate constants in erythrocytes. AUTepper T; Jilderda JF; Huisman RM; de Zeeuw D; van der Hem GK EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Aug 15 1985, 150(2) p137-49 MJCations; Erythrocytes /ME MNAdult; Age Factors; Blood Specimen Collection /MT; Erythrocytes /DE; Furosemide /PD; Mathematics; Microchemistry /IS /MT; Middle Age; Ouabain /PD; Reference Values; Sex Factors; Sodium /BL MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.2.1.- (Glucosaminidase); EC 3.2.1.30 (Acetylglucosaminidase); EC 3.4.11. (Aminopeptidases); EC 3.4.11.2 (alanine aminopeptidase) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002796 TIUrinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and aminopeptidase N in the diagnosis of graft rejection after live donor renal transplantation. ABAn evaluation of the usefulness of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and aminopeptidase N (AAP) measurements in the diagnosis and prediction of acute and chronic renal allograft rejection was made. Enzyme activities were measured in 2,745 morning spot urine samples from 53 consecutive live donor renal allograft recipients up to 180 days after transplantation. Reference ranges of urinary enzyme activities in 14 recipients with normal graft function were higher than those established in a carefully selected group of healthy controls. 89 and 91% of 76 clinically diagnosed acute rejection episodes (ARE) in the remaining 39 graft recipients were accompanied by sharp increase over baseline of NAG and AAP respectively. All rejection episodes occurring in the early period after transplantation were characterised by high enzymuria. AAP was more sensitive than NAG as the magnitude of its increase over baseline was more, while NAG was more specific with less number of false positive elevations. Both enzymes were found to be equally good prognostic indices of graft loss and chronic graft deterioration. Regular monitoring of urinary NAG and AAP activities throughout the post transplant period would thus be valuable in (a) diagnosis and prediction of ARE in the early as well as late post operative period and (b) prediction of eventual graft outcome. AUSri Krishna K; Kirubakaran MG; Pandey AP; Kanagasabapathy AS EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Aug 15 1985, 150(2) p69-85 MJAcetylglucosaminidase; Aminopeptidases; Glucosaminidase; Graft Rejection; Kidney MNAdolescence; Adult; Enzyme Tests; False Positive Reactions; Middle Age; Time Factors; Transplantation, Homologous MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002797 TIThe tubular maximum for calcium reabsorption: normal range and correction for sodium excretion. ABIncreased tubular reabsorption of calcium is one of the three variables which can contribute to the pathogenesis of hypercalcaemia. It is therefore important to establish the normal range for this variable in a manner which allows for its variation with the plasma calcium concentration. Graphic methods depicting the relationship between urinary calcium excretion and plasma calcium concentration are valid but cumbersome and imprecise. The notional tubular maximum for calcium reabsorption (TmCa) has therefore been calculated in 130 healthy young subjects and a normal range of 1.75-2.61 mmol/l of glomerular filtrate established. Owing to the dependence of urinary calcium on urinary sodium, TmCa was negatively related to sodium excretion. Because the latter was higher in the males than the females, mean TmCa was slightly (but not significantly) lower in our male than our female subjects. The normal range of TmCa, corrected to zero sodium excretion, is 1.98-2.76 mmol/l of glomerular filtrate. The TmCa was also calculated using plasma calcium values corrected for albumin concentration. The range of TmCa using both corrections is 1.98-2.71 mmol/l of glomerular filtrate. AUNeed AG; Guerin MD; Pain RW; Hartley TF; Nordin BE EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Aug 15 1985, 150(2) p87-93 MJCalcium; Kidney Tubules; Natriuresis MNAbsorption; Adolescence; Adult; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Mathematics; Reference Values MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (osteocalcin) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002799 TIChanges in serum osteocalcin associated with parathyroid hormone infusion in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. ABOsteocalcin is a protein unique to bone that can be quantitated in serum by radioimmunoassay. While its function remains unknown, it appears to be a sensitive marker of changes in bone activity. To determine its relationship to parathyroid hormone action, we measured serum osteocalcin in blood samples obtained from patients with vitamin D-resistant rickets before and after administration of exogenous parathyroid hormone. Serum osteocalcin was decreased by 35% at 15 min after infusion and gradually returned toward normal levels by 75 min. We suggest that the acute decline in serum concentrations after infusion is an indication of inhibition of osteoblast activity. Thus, osteocalcin may be a useful means of assessing bone responsiveness to parathyroid hormone. AUCole DE; Gundberg CM EM8601 IDAG00376 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 151(1) p1-7 MJCalcium-Binding Proteins; Parathyroid Hormones; Phosphates; Rickets, Vitamin D Resistant MNAdolescence; Adult; Bone and Bones /PP; Child; Kinetics; Osteomalacia /BL /PP; Rickets, Vitamin D Resistant /FG /PP MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.7.3.2 (Creatine Kinase); 144-48-9 (Iodoacetamide); 57-13-6 (Urea) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002801 TIComparison of enzymatic characteristics of creatine kinase BB from human healthy and tumor stomach tissues. ABCreatine kinase (ATP: creatine N-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.2, CK) BB isoenzyme from stomach tumor tissue was partially purified and its characteristics were compared with those from healthy tissue. Molecular mass of tumor CK-BB was estimated to be 82 000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Tumor CK-BB was separated into 2 main subbands around pH 4.5 and 11, minor subbands around pH 5-7.5 by agarose isoelectric focusing. The isoenzyme reacted with anti-human brain CK-BB antibodies and formed a hybrid, CK-MB, with CK-MM prepared from healthy human skeletal muscle. The above physicochemical and immunological characteristics of tumor CK-BB were the same as those of normal CK-BB from normal stomach tissue. Optimum pH of tumor CK-BB was more acidic than that of normal CK-BB. Affinity for creatine phosphate and heat sensitivity of tumor CK-BB were slightly lower than those of normal CK-BB. Tumor CK-BB was more stable after iodoacetamide and urea treatments. AUKanemitsu F; Okigaki T EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 151(1) p23-31 MJCreatine Kinase; Isoenzymes; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach MNBrain /EN; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Iodoacetamide /PD; Isoelectric Focusing; Molecular Weight; Muscles /EN; Thermodynamics; Urea /PD MTHuman RN16960-16-0 (Cosyntropin); 50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002802 TISalivary cortisol for the evaluation of Cushing's syndrome. ABCortisol concentrations were measured in matched plasma and salivary samples from 8 healthy controls, 8 patients with Cushing's syndrome and 4 patients suspected of having spontaneous hypercortisolism. In healthy subjects, the circadian rhythm in salivary cortisol paralleled that in plasma. Absence of the diurnal rhythm in Cushing's syndrome was seen in saliva as well as in plasma. After ACTH stimulation, mean peak cortisol in saliva showed a 3-fold increase while in plasma there was a 2.5-fold increment above baseline. Cushing's syndrome, due to pituitary or adrenal adenoma was diagnosed equally well by measuring the cortisol response to cosyntropin in either plasma or saliva. Finally, the low- and high-dose dexamethasone suppression test was reflected equally well in both plasma and saliva. In patients suspected of having Cushing's syndrome dynamic tests can be performed in both plasma and saliva. However, in some samples, the salivary cortisol measurement appears advantageous over plasma cortisol determination. AULuthold WW; Marcondes JA; Wajchenberg BL EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 151(1) p33-9 MJCushing's Syndrome; Hydrocortisone /ME; Saliva MNAdolescence; Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Cosyntropin /DU; Dexamethasone /DU; Hydrocortisone /BL; Kinetics; Middle Age; Obesity /ME MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN57-13-6 (Urea) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002803 TIThe role of urea in albumin dimerisation in nephrotic urines. ABAlbumin dimerisation in nephrotic urine frozen to -20 degrees C occurs at low ionic strength in the presence of quite low concentrations of urea (greater than 0.2 mol/l). Urea will also dimerize normal serum albumin under these conditions. The appearance of dimer in patients with a nephrotic syndrome treated with steroids is significantly correlated (p less than 0.001) with an increase in urinary urea concentration. AUBirtwistle RJ; Hardwicke J EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 151(1) p41-8 MJAlbuminuria; Nephrotic Syndrome; Urea MNElectric Conductivity; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Macromolecular Systems; Models, Biological; Ultrafiltration MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002804 TISerum and interstitial fluid apolipoprotein E levels in the healthy and in hyperlipoproteinemia type III as studied by radioimmunoassay. ABIn order to study the relationships between serum lipoprotein lipid concentrations and the concentrations of apo E in serum and interstitial fluid, we have developed a specific, sensitive and rapid radioimmunoassay for this apolipoprotein. Studies of the interstitial fluid lipoproteins and of the gradient between the lipoprotein concentrations in interstitial fluid and serum may add to our understanding of the development of atherosclerosis and xanthomatosis. Serum, interstitial fluid, lipoproteins or standards were incubated with 125I-labelled apo E and rabbit antiserum against apo E for 90-120 min at room temperature. The immune complexes were harvested with the use of formalin-treated staphylococci. The displacement curves produced by standard and samples of serum, interstitial fluid and isolated lipoproteins were linear in logit-log plots and had identical slopes. Delipidation did not change the results and the recovery of added apo E to a serum sample was 96 +/- 5% (n = 5). Apo E was found in all major lipoprotein classes and the concentrations of apo E in serum and in interstitial fluid were 36 +/- 19 mg/l and 8 +/- 4 mg/l, respectively, in normals (n = 21) and 305 +/- 125 mg/ml and 20 +/- 9 mg/l, respectively, in patients with HLP type III (n = 11). Highly significant positive correlations were found in HLP type III between the interstitial fluid level of apo E and the corresponding concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride. Interstitial fluid apo E concentrations were significantly correlated to apo E but not to the lipid levels in serum, indicating that only some subclasses of the serum lipoproteins are transported to the interstitial compartment. AUGustafson S; Vessby B; Ostlund-Lindqvist AM EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 151(1) p49-59 MJApolipoproteins E /ME; Extracellular Space; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III MNApolipoproteins E /BL; Cholesterol /BL; Lipoproteins /BL /ME; Microchemistry; Middle Age; Radioimmunoassay; Triglycerides /BL MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN60-00-4 (EDTA) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002805 TIEnzyme linked immunosorbent assay for lactoferrin. Plasma and tissue measurements. ABHighly purified lactoferrin was obtained from human breast milk by sequential use of affinity chromatography and isoelectric focusing. IgG antibody to purified lactoferrin was used to develop a sensitive and reproducible enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Characteristics of the assay included linearity over a wide range of lactoferrin concentration (3.125-200 micrograms/l) and sensitivity (lower range less than 1 microgram/l). The assay can be adapted for use on tissue cytosol as well as plasma. Healthy subjects showed plasma lactoferrin levels ranging from 187.5-450.1 micrograms/l. Pulmonary tuberculosis and acute pneumonia are associated with a 2-3-fold increase in plasma lactoferrin content while neutropenic subjects have markedly depressed lactoferrin concentrations. The assay will be useful for further delineation of lactoferrin and neutrophil function and turnover. AUBezwoda WR; Baynes RD; Khan Q; Mansoor N EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 151(1) p61-9 MJEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Lactoferrin; Lactoglobulins MNAntibodies /IM; Arthritis, Rheumatoid /BL; Breast Neoplasms /AN; Cytosol /AN; EDTA /BL; Lactoferrin /BL /IM; Leukopenia /BL; Milk, Human /AN; Pneumonia, Lobar /BL; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary /BL MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.1. (Alcohol Oxidoreductases); EC 1.1.3.17 (choline oxidase); EC 3.1.4.4 (Phospholipase D); 62-49-7 (Choline) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002806 TIDetermination of choline-containing phospholipids in human bile and serum by a new enzyme sensor. ABA simple method for direct determination both of choline and lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) in human bile and blood sera was developed. An enzyme electrode, based on immobilized choline oxidase on nylon net and an oxygen Clark electrode was assembled. Phosphatidylcholine can be determined by use of phospholipase D as hydrolyzing agent. Reliable results were obtained in the case of determination of lecithin and choline in bile samples. AUCampanella L; Mascini M; Palleschi G; Tomassetti M EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 151(1) p71-83 MJBile; Choline; Phosphatidylcholines MNAlcohol Oxidoreductases /ME; Choline /BL /ME; Electrodes; Enzymes, Immobilized; Phosphatidylcholines /BL /ME; Phospholipase D /ME; Spectrophotometry MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN3147-14-6 (calmagite); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002807 TIColorimetric measurement of serum magnesium with an IL micro centrifugal analyzer. AUDatta P; Graham GA EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 151(1) p85-90 MJMagnesium MNAutoanalysis /MT /ST; Azo Compounds; Colorimetry; Dyes; Indicators and Reagents; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption; Spectrophotometry MTComparative Study; Human RN57-13-6 (Urea) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002808 TIComparison of 15N analysis by optical emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry for clinical studies during total parenteral nutrition. ABDuring total and stable parenteral nutrition, a branched chain amino acid enriched solution containing [15N]leucine was infused into a patient to determine the fate of the nitrogen administered through this formulation. Measurements of 15N isotopic enrichments were performed on the same biological samples (urinary urea, total plasma proteins and albumin) by optical emission spectrometry (OES) and mass spectrometry (MS) to determine if OES with its specific advantages (cost, handling maintenance) constituted even with low enrichments a useful alternative technique to MS considered as the reference method. The average 15N% enrichments are 0.5% for urinary urea, 0.21% for total plasma proteins and 0.14% for albumin. The coefficients of correlation between both series of 15N% enrichment measurements realized by MS and OES vary from 0.999 to 0.998 and 0.988, respectively, for urinary urea, total plasma proteins and albumin. These results show that OES constituted a very useful analytical technique to obtain reliable information in clinical metabolic studies when low 15N enrichments must be determined. AURagon A; Reynier JP; Guiraud G; Francois G EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 151(1) p9-15 MJAmino Acids, Branched-Chain /ME; Blood Proteins; Parenteral Hyperalimentation; Serum Albumin; Urea MNAmino Acids, Branched-Chain /AD; Middle Age; Nitrogen Isotopes; Spectrophotometry; Spectrum Analysis, Mass MTComparative Study; Human; Male RN37341-29-0 (IgE) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002809 TIA quantitative IgE radioimmunoassay in dried blood spots suitable for neonatal screening of atopy. AUAdriaenssens KM; Philips ES; Colfs B EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 151(1) p91-5 MJHypersensitivity; IgE; Infant, Newborn MNHypersensitivity /PC; Mass Screening; Radioimmunoassay; Reference Values MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002810 TISerum bile acid composition in patients with cystic fibrosis. ABSerum bile acid composition was examined in detail using capillary column gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in 10 children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 4 healthy children. The mean total bile acid concentration in fasting serum of CF patients was 2.33 +/- 0.84 mumol/l, slightly lower than but not statistically significantly different from healthy controls (mean 2.86 +/- 0.98 mumol/l) and appeared to show no relationship to the degree of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Analysis of individual serum bile acids in these children showed that cholic acid represented less than 10% of the total bile acids. Chenodeoxycholic acid was the predominant serum bile acid; the mean concentration in CF patients was 0.98 +/- 0.51 mumol/l, lower than for the healthy controls (1.69 +/- 0.84 mumol/l). Concentrations of lithocholic acid, 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic, ursodeoxycholic and 3 beta, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acids in fasting serum samples of the CF patients were not significantly different from the healthy control sera but were higher than those normally found in adults. Measurements of fecal bile acid excretion indicated an increased loss of primary bile acids in patients with CF consistent with an impairment of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. AUSetchell KD; Smethurst P; Giunta AM; Colombo C EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 151(2) p101-10 MJBile Acids and Salts; Cystic Fibrosis MNAdolescence; Bile Acids and Salts /ME; Child, Preschool; Child; Chromatography, Gas; Feces /AN; Mass Fragmentography MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 2.7.3.- (Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002811 TIRelease patterns of CK-MB and mitochondrial CK following myocardial ischaemia. ABFollowing myocardial damage as in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or open heart surgery, the tissue damage might result in a release of mitochondrial CK (CK-MIT). The presence of this CK isoenzyme in serum may be detected after chromatographic separation of CK-activity on Sephacryl S-200. By combining chromatographic separation of CK-MB with immunologic inhibition of CK-M, both CK-MB and CK-MIT can be estimated in serum. Using this procedure changes in enzyme activities were studied in ten patients with AMI and twelve patients subjected to open heart surgery using cardioplegia. Following AMI CK-MB peaked about 24 h after onset of ischaemic symptoms. CK-MIT increased similarly and reached a plateau after 24 h where it remained during an additional 24-36 h. At peak CK-MB concentration, the corresponding CK-MIT activity was about 22% of the CK-MB activity. Following cardiac surgery there was a rapid release of CK-MB with a peak about 5 h after release of aortic cross-clamping, and with a simultaneous CK-MIT activity amounting to 19% of the CK-MB activity. In conclusion, CK-MIT is released into serum following myocardial ischaemia. Its appearance has time characteristics similar to that of other mitochondrial enzymes. The CK-B method does not specifically determine CK-B, but non-CK-M, which in cardiac ischaemia at peak serum CK-MB concentrations includes about 20% CK-MIT. AUSylven C ; Kallner A; Henze A; Larsen F; Liska J; Mogensen L EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 151(2) p111-9 MJCreatine Kinase Isoenzymes; Heart Surgery; Mitochondria, Heart; Myocardial Infarction /EN MNAdult; Aged; Blood Specimen Collection; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Heart Arrest, Induced; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Middle Age; Myocardial Infarction /BL MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN11028-71-0 (Concanavalin A); 9010-34-8 (Thyroglobulin) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002812 TIHeterogeneity of 125I-labeled human thyroglobulin preparations. ABThis study was undertaken to evaluate the heterogeneity and stability of 125I-labeled human thyroglobulin (Tg) tracers. Tg, labeled with 125I by either a Chloramine T (CT) or a Glucose Oxidase/Lactoperoxidase (GO) method, showed considerable heterogeneity of labeled components, the relative proportions of which were a function of the Tg preparation and the iodination method used. The four largest components had apparent molecular weights as follows: A = 1 200 000 Da; B = 670 000 Da; C = 530 000 Da and D = 290 000 Da. Both B and C were immunoactive. B was considered to be 19S Tg. A non-specific binding difference, (NSB delta) between nonhuman matrices used for diluting standards and human sera was found for the partly immunoactive aggregate component A, (5-20%) and the nonimmunoactive component D, (20-50%), but was minimally present for components B and C (less than 5%). The [125I]19S Tg(B), stored at -70 degrees C, showed rapid spontaneous decomposition with time (50% lost by 8 days), with generation of C, D and iodide. The loss of B was related to specific activity and was least in GO labels. 125I labeling of Tg by GO produced tracers with better immunoactivity, stability and lower NSB delta than comparative CT tracers. Definitive purification and repurification of [125I]Tg tracers before use is necessary in order to remove degradation products with the potential to compromise the accuracy and specificity of serum Tg radioimmunoassay (RIA) measurement. AUSpencer CA; Platler BW; Guttler RB; Nicoloff JT EM8601 IDAM-11727; RR-43 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 151(2) p121-32 MJIodine Radioisotopes; Isotope Labeling; Thyroglobulin MNChromatography, Gel; Chromatography /MT; Concanavalin A; Electrophoresis /MT; Immunochemistry; Molecular Weight MTComparative Study; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.8 (Kallikrein) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002813 TIUrinary kallikrein: assay validation and physiological variability. ABDecreased urinary kallikrein (UK) output has been suggested as a preclinical indicator of essential hypertension. In preparation for UK studies in hypertension prone Utah kindreds, we assessed selected UK assay parameters and physiological variability. Precision for the colorimetric kallikrein assay was quite acceptable, coefficient of variation (CV) less than 5% within run and 14% day-to-day at a concentration of 9.5 TU/l. The mean recovery was 105% and assay results were correlated with results from the 3H-TAME esterase method, r = 0.990. Urine specimens were stable at room temperature for up to 4 days, frozen at -20 degrees C for 6 weeks, or frozen at -80 degrees C after Sephadex treatment for a year. UK output varied significantly throughout the day with excretion highest in the morning. Urine collections at 10.00, 12.00 and 14.00 had significantly (p less than 0.05) more UK than the overnight collection. Intra- and inter-individual variations were of the same magnitude, mean 20%. In children UK output increased with age until the adult levels were reached at age 15. Male and female values were similar. Smoking; consumption of alcohol, coffee, tea, cola of chocolate; and female hormone medications did not significantly influence the 12-hour UK output in the 1110 caucasian subjects. AUAsh KO; Smith JB; Lynch M; Dadone M; Tolman KG; Williams RR EM8601 IDHL 24855-04; RR-64 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 151(2) p133-40 MJKallikrein MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Aging; Child; Circadian Rhythm; Hypertension /UR; Middle Age MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002814 TIGlycosaminoglycan excretion in random samples of urine. ABThe measurement of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on a single random urine specimen in 405 healthy individuals and in 79 patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) is described. The uronic acid (UA) content of the precipitated GAGs was estimated by the method of Bitter and Muir. The results were expressed as uronic acid to creatinine (UA/C) ratio. We found that the UA/C ratio decreased with age but had a rather constant low value between the ages of 20 and 33 in healthy individuals. Except for most patients with Morquio syndrome, the UA/C ratio in random urine samples was higher in patients with MPSs than in healthy individuals. AUHuang KC; Sukegawa K; Orii T EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 151(2) p141-6 MJGlycosaminoglycans; Mucopolysaccharidosis MNAdolescence; Adult; Aging; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Reference Values MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002815 TIScreening test for urinary glycosaminoglycans and differentiation of various mucopolysaccharidoses. ABThe Ames MPS paper spot test and the cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-citrate turbidity test were used to detect urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as screening tests for the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs). The simplicity and reliability of these two methods were evaluated. The MPS paper spot test correlated more closely with the carbazole test than did the CPC-citrate turbidity test. The monodimensional electrophoresis of Cappelletti et al was also used to screen the subtypes of MPSs using differences in electrophoretic patterns. MPS VII cannot be distinguished from normal by its electrophoretic pattern, but can be detected by the MPS paper spot test. Therefore, the MPS paper spot test combined with monodimensional electrophoresis can detect these subtypes of MPSs (MPS I-II, III, IV, VI, VII). Since only 20 ml of random urine is needed and the result can be obtained with complete reliability in only 7 hours, this screening test appears to be useful for the early diagnosis of MPSs. AUHuang KC; Sukegawa K; Orii T EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 151(2) p147-56 MJGlycosaminoglycans; Mucopolysaccharidosis /DI MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Densitometry; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrophoresis /MT; Infant; Mass Screening; Mucopolysaccharidosis /CL; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Paper MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (tissue polypeptide antigen); 9008-18-8 (Keratin) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002816 TIImmunological study of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA)--demonstration of keratin-like sites and blood group antigen-like sites on TPA molecules. ABWe examined the immunological cross-reactivity between tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and keratin protein because of the reported sequence homology between these two proteins. TPA showed positive immuno-reactivity against both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for keratin. The binding of [125I]TPA with anti-keratin could be displaced dose-dependently by unlabeled keratin. However, no cross-reaction between keratin and anti-TPA was found. TPA also showed the positive immuno-reactivity with antibodies for blood group antigens (A, B and Lewis substances), but keratin did not. A standard solution of Lewis substance reacted with neither anti-TPA nor with anti-keratin. These data strongly suggest that TPA has an immunological similarity with both keratin protein and blood group antigens. When [125I]TPA and [125I]keratin were gel-filtered on a Sephadex G-200 column, the radioactivities of TPA and keratin were found mainly in the void volume fraction (MW greater than 200 000) and the MW of approximately 60 000, respectively. Chromatography on Sepharose 6B suggested that the MW of [125I]TPA was 320 000. When sera of cancer patients were gel-filtered on a Sephadex G-200 column, TPA activity was distributed mainly in the void volume fraction in all tested cases. This experiment suggests that TPA may be a glycoprotein (MW is 320 000) with both keratin-like and blood group antigen-like determinants. AUOchi Y; Ura Y; Hamazu M; Ishida M; Kajita Y; Nakajima Y EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 151(2) p157-67 MJAntigenic Determinants; Blood Groups; Keratin; Peptides MNAntibody Specificity; Chromatography, Gel; Immunochemistry; Neoplasms /IM; Radioimmunoassay MTHuman RN1406-18-4 (Vitamin E); 542-78-9 (Malondialdehyde); 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002817 TIErythrocyte malondialdehyde release in vitro: a functional measure of vitamin E status. ABThe definition for a sufficient vitamin E level has often been based on population studies that established the normal range of values for fasting plasma or serum vitamin E and more recently for vitamin E to total lipid ratios. These endpoints for vitamin E replacement strategies may not be readily achievable, particularly in the cholestatic patient for whom it is often impossible to reach and sustain normal levels even with massive doses of vitamin E. Vitamin E is believed to function as an antioxidant in vivo protecting membranes from lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of polyunsaturated fat peroxidation, was measured as the thiobarbiturate derivative in the supernatant following incubation of erythrocytes in hydrogen peroxide. The two different incubation conditions described here and the subsequent measurement of MDA appear to provide a sensitive functional assessment of vitamin E status. The clinical utility of this assay, which requires just 1.5 to 2.0 ml of whole blood, was demonstrated by comparing the percent of total MDA released from individuals regarded as vitamin E sufficient by conventional methods with vitamin E deficient subjects. The release of MDA from erythrocytes from vitamin E deficient subjects was clearly greater (44.1 +/- 18.8% vs 2.0 +/- 1.8%) than for control subjects (p less than 0.001). AUCynamon HA; Isenberg JN; Nguyen CH EM8601 IDRR-73 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 151(2) p169-76 MJErythrocytes; Malonates; Malondialdehyde; Vitamin E MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Hydrogen Peroxide /PD; Infant; Lipid Peroxides /BI; Lipids /BL; Middle Age; Vitamin E Deficiency /BL MTHuman; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.1.1.27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase); 300-85-6 (3-hydroxybutyric acid); 471-47-6 (Oxamic Acid); 541-50-4 (acetoacetic acid) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002818 TIDirect automated assay method for serum or urine levels of ketone bodies. AUHarano Y; Ohtsuki M; Ida M; Kojima H; Harada M; Okanishi T; Kashiwagi A; Ochi Y; Uno S; Shigeta Y EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 151(2) p177-83 MJKetone Bodies MNAcetoacetates /AN; Autoanalysis; Diazonium Compounds; Hydroxybutyrates /AN; Ketone Bodies /BL /UR; Lactate Dehydrogenase /AI; Lactates; Microchemistry; Oxamic Acid; Pyruvates MTHuman RN9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002819 TIBasal level of human growth hormone (hGH) in normal serum. AUHashida S; Nakagawa K; Ishikawa E; Ohtaki S EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 151(2) p185-6 MJSomatotropin MNAdult; Fasting; Middle Age; Time Factors MTHuman RN12067-99-1 (Phosphotungstic Acid) IS0009-8981 LAEnglish JCDCC SBM UI86002820 TIA simple method for quantitative determination of lipoprotein-X (LP-X) in human serum. AUPanteghini M; Malchiodi A; Bonora R EM8601 SOClin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 151(2) p187-92 MJLipoprotein-X MNAdult; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Middle Age; Phospholipids /BL; Phosphotungstic Acid; Polyethylene Glycols; Precipitation; Reference Standards; Temperature MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-9155 LAEnglish JCDCG SBM UI86002822 TINatural history of hypsarhythmia. AUHughes JR EM8601 SOClin Electroencephalogr (United States), Jul 1985, 16(3) p128-30 MJSpasms, Infantile MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Petit Mal /DI; Follow-Up Studies; Infant MTHuman RN298-46-4 (Carbamazepine); 50-06-6 (Phenobarbital); 57-41-0 (Phenytoin); 99-66-1 (Valproate) IS0009-9155 LAEnglish JCDCG SBM UI86002823 TIInterictal EEG prediction of response to antiepileptic drug monotherapy. ABForty-eight patients had sleep-deprived EEGs prior to antiepileptic drug monotherapy. The majority were seizure-free after one year, or had more than 50% reduction in seizure frequency. Among those with normal EEGs 50% were seizure-free, while 75% with diffuse slowing, 44% with focal abnormality, and 83% with generalized epileptiform discharges were fully controlled. Freedom from seizures was achieved in 13% taking phenobarbital, 50% taking phenytoin, 63% taking carbamazepine, and 100% taking valproate. The sleep-deprived interictal EEG should be an integral part of initial assessment and drug selection in patients with clinical histories of convulsive seizure. AUBurgess RJ; Drake ME Jr; Paulson GW EM8601 SOClin Electroencephalogr (United States), Jul 1985, 16(3) p131-5 MJAnticonvulsants; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Carbamazepine /TU; Child, Preschool; Child; Epilepsy /PP; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Age; Phenobarbital /TU; Phenytoin /TU; Prognosis; Sleep Deprivation /PH; Valproate /TU MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN298-46-4 (Carbamazepine); 439-14-5 (Diazepam) IS0009-9155 LAEnglish JCDCG SBM UI86002824 TIHypnogenic paroxysmal dystonia: epilepsy or sleep disorder? A case report. ABA patient was studied who every night experienced several attacks characterized by loud screaming, violent movements of limbs and trunk, and a tonic phase. No epileptiform activity was noted preceding or following these attacks. Prolonged EEG and videotape recordings before and after sleep deprivation, along with neuropsychological and pharmacological data, support the hypothesis of a seizure disorder involving the left temporal region. Nocturnal attacks completely disappeared with carbamazepine. This therapeutic effect was still present after six months of treatment. Sleep organization was also greatly influenced by this medication. The most striking change was the marked and sustained increase of stages 3 and 4 NREM sleep after treatment. AUGodbout R; Montplaisir J; Rouleau I EM8601 SOClin Electroencephalogr (United States), Jul 1985, 16(3) p136-42 MJDystonia; Epilepsy; Sleep Disorders MNAdult; Carbamazepine /TU; Diazepam /TU; Dystonia /DT; Epilepsy /DT; Sleep Disorders /DT; Sleep /PH; Syndrome MTCase Report; Comparative Study; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN10024-97-2 (Nitrous Oxide) IS0009-9155 LAEnglish JCDCG SBM UI86002825 TIPattern-reversal visual evoked potential in a case of nitrous oxide abuse and recovery. ABPattern reversal visual evoked potentials were recorded in a dentist who had abused nitrous oxide while he showed neurologic impairment and during recovery. The latency of the major positive peak (P100) remained constant during both phases. However, the amplitude of this peak was markedly reduced during the stage of neurologic involvement, and increased during recovery after withdrawal. The clinical significance of this is discussed. AUMurdoch BD; Fleming JH EM8601 SOClin Electroencephalogr (United States), Jul 1985, 16(3) p143-8 MJMultiple Sclerosis; Nervous System Diseases; Nitrous Oxide; Substance Abuse MNAdult; Dentists; Diagnostic Errors; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Reaction Time MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0009-9155 LAEnglish JCDCG SBM UI86002826 TISomatosensory evoked potentials following stimulation of the tibial, peroneal and sural nerves using four different montages. ABCortical and lumbar somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded following unilateral stimulation of the tibial, peroneal and sural nerves in 20 normal adults. The active cortical electrode (Cz) was referred to either a cephalic (mid-forehead, contralateral central scalp, linked ears) or a non-cephalic (contralateral shoulder) site. The configuration of the short-latency cortical SEP waveforms was nearly identical irrespective of the nerve stimulated or the location of the reference. Central conduction times (CCTs) were also calculated by subtracting the peak latency of the lumbar SEP from that of the primary cortical response following stimulation of the tibial and peroneal nerves. A stronger relationship was consistently observed between the absolute cortical latency and height than between CCT and height. The potential clinical applications of the results are discussed. AUShaw NA; Synek VM EM8601 SOClin Electroencephalogr (United States), Jul 1985, 16(3) p149-56 MJEvoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Nervous System MNAdolescence; Adult; Cerebral Cortex /PH; Peroneal Nerve /PH; Reaction Time; Reference Values; Spinal Cord /PH; Sural Nerve /PH; Tibial Nerve /PH MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9155 LAEnglish JCDCG SBM UI86002827 TIAn assessment of the variability of early scalp-components of the somatosensory evoked response in uncomplicated, unshunted carotid endarterectomy. ABAlthough many publications deal with the usefulness of the SER in CEAs, the criteria of calling a SER abnormal during a CEA are largely arbitrary. One way to define the limits of normalcy for SERs during the CEA will be to analyze the SER tracings obtained during unshunted and uncomplicated (intra- and postoperative) CEAs. In 23 such CEAs (10 right, 13 left; clamptime 10-23 mins.), data analysis at the ipsilateral parietal electrode, on stimulation of the contralateral median nerve (square pulse -5.1/sec, 10-30 V, 200 microseconds; bandpass-30-3000 Hz trials-500 stimuli), revealed that (1) latency fluctuations of the N20 (21.4 msec) were narrowest, being less than 1.5 msec different during and after clamping compared to the preclamp latency in all 23 CEAs, whereas those of P25 (27.4 msec) and N35 (38.5 msec) were greater than 2.0 msec different from the preclamp latency in 3 and 8 CEAs respectively, and (2) the amplitudes of N20, P25 and N35 measured from the preceding peak of opposite polarity, fell to less than 75% of the preclamp value on 3, 4 and 7 CEAs respectively. It is concluded that N20 was the most stable of the first three short-latency components in the SER and should perhaps be most relied upon to predict abnormality of the SER during CEAs. AUVerma NP; Peters GM; Jacobs LA; Dahn MS; King SD EM8601 SOClin Electroencephalogr (United States), Jul 1985, 16(3) p157-60 MJCarotid Arteries; Endarterectomy; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Nervous System MNCerebral Ischemia /DI; Electroencephalography; Intraoperative Complications /DI; Intraoperative Period; Monitoring, Physiologic; Reference Values MTHuman IS0009-9155 LAEnglish JCDCG SBM UI86002828 TIAmbulatory EEG: a community hospital prospective study with analysis of patient outcome. AUJerrett SA EM8601 SOClin Electroencephalogr (United States), Jul 1985, 16(3) p161-6 MJElectroencephalography; Epilepsy MNAdult; Anticonvulsants /TU; Child; Epilepsy /DT; Hospitals, Community; Monitoring, Physiologic; Prospective Studies MTHuman IS0009-9155 LAEnglish JCDCG SBM UI86002829 TIOccipital seizures in Lafora disease: a further case documented by EEG. ABThe authors present the case of a patient with Lafora disease proven by skin biopsy, who suffered two occipital seizures recorded on EEG and provoked by intermittent photic stimulation. On the basis of data in the literature and their present experience, the authors suggest the involvement of the occipital lobes as a whole in the epileptogenic activity. AUTinuper P; Gobbi G; Aguglia U; Rossi PG; Lugaresi E EM8601 SOClin Electroencephalogr (United States), Jul 1985, 16(3) p167-70 MJElectroencephalography; Epilepsy, Myoclonus; Occipital Lobe MNAdolescence MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0009-9155 LAEnglish JCDCG SBM UI86002830 TISaline activation of pseudoepileptic seizures: clinical EEG and neuropsychiatric observations. ABTwenty patients with suspected pseudoseizures underwent saline infusion during prolonged sleep deprived EEG with video monitoring and nasopharyngeal electrodes. No patients had definite clinical evidence of epilepsy, but 35% had abnormal EEGs, 10% with epileptiform activity. Patients with epileptiform discharges did not experience pseudoseizures with saline infusion. Patients with generalized EEG slowing responded to saline infusion with characteristic seizures. Three groups of patients were differentiated. Eight patients had characteristic attacks with saline infusion, and in these patients females predominated, mean age was lower, and somatoform disorder was common. Six patients each either failed to respond to saline or had episodes different from their characteristic spells. These patients were more often male and more often had diagnoses of personality disorders. The findings suggest that, although saline infusion may identify pseudoseizures and confirm their non-epileptic nature, some patients may not be sufficiently suggestible to respond to saline infusion, while others may have non-epileptic attacks which are different from the spells under evaluation. Psychiatric and neuropsychological features suggestive of pseudoseizures may be more readily identified by psychiatric interview or psychometric testing. Ethical issues regarding saline infusion in the guise of a potent convulsant should also be considered. AUDrake ME Jr EM8601 SOClin Electroencephalogr (United States), Jul 1985, 16(3) p171-6 MJConversion Disorder; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Personality Disorders MNAdult; Diagnosis, Differential; Sleep Deprivation MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.1.- (Phospholipases A); EC 3.1.1.- (PAF 2-acylhydrolase); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 525-66-6 (Propranolol) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002832 TIThe adrenergic system and the cardiovascular effects of platelet activating factor (1-0-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) in SHR and WKY rats. AB1-0-Hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-GPC, platelet activating factor, PAF) was previously shown to produce profound hypotension and sympathetic activation in conscious rats. To determine the role of the sympatho-adrenomedullary system in the cardiovascular responses elicited by 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-GPC, the vasoactive phospholipid was administered (1 nmol per 300 g) to a) intact, b) bilaterally demedullated, and c) propranolol- (a beta-adrenoceptor blocker) treated SHR and WKY rats. The hypotensive response to 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-GPC was prolonged in demedullated or propranolol-pretreated WKY rats and in propranolol-treated SHR rats. The extreme tachycardia produced by 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-GPC in both the WKY and SHR rats was abolished by propranolol pretreatment. Pressor responses to norepinephrine during the 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-GPC-induced hypotension in propranolol-pretreated rats were suppressed in both the normotensive and SHR rats. Plasma acetylhydrolase activity, which inactivates PAF, was higher in hypertensive (SHR) rats or demedullated WKY rats than in the normotensive (WKY) rats. These results show that the tachycardia evoked by 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-GPC is mediated solely by sympathetic activation and the beta-adrenergic receptors and further indicate the major role of the sympathetic system and beta-adrenoceptors in recuperation from 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-GPC-induced shock. The data also suggest that acetylhydrolase in serum is an important regulatory enzyme for controlling PAF levels in the vascular compartment. AUZukowska-Grojec Z; Blank ML; Snyder F; Feuerstein G EM8601 IDHL-27109-04 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(7) p1015-31 MJBlood Pressure; Heart Rate; Platelet Activating Factor; Sympathetic Nervous System MNNorepinephrine /PD; Phospholipases A /BL; Platelet Activating Factor /ME; Propranolol /PD; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 6917-35-7 (Inositol); 7439-96-5 (Manganese) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002833 TIMn++-stimulated 3H-inositol incorporation in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells: deficiency in cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats. ABIncubation of cultured dissociated aortic smooth muscle cells from Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) with Mn++ resulted in a 10-fold stimulation of 3H-myo-inositol incorporation into membrane phospholipid. The stimulation was temperature and energy dependent. The Mn++ EC50 was 1 mM and maximum stimulation occurred at 10 mM Mn++. Other cations were ineffective. In cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the Mn++ EC50 was unchanged whereas the maximum stimulation of 3H-inositol incorporation was reduced by 50% compared to cells from parallel WKY cultures. These results suggest that in SHR cultured vascular smooth muscle cells there is a deficiency in an enzymatic process mediating exchange of free inositol with the headgroup inositol of membrane phosphatidylinositol. AUBuck SH; Nabika T; Lovenberg W EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(7) p1033-41 MJHypertension; Inositol; Manganese; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /ME MNCells, Cultured; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /DE; Phosphoinositides /ME; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats; Tritium /DU MTAnimal RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002834 TIThe role of stress and the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension and ischemic heart disease: advantages of therapy with beta-receptor blockers. ABHuman and animal studies link social and environmental factors to hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Job stress and undesirable life events may precede the development of raised blood pressure. Hypertension and ischemic heart disease vanquished many of the survivors of the seige of Leningrad. Specific behavior patterns of some patients with ischemic heart disease and the psychological ambience of others with hypertension have been associated with raised neural tone as reflected by levels of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine. Sympathoneural hypertonicity is a factor in left ventricular hypertrophy and the latter has been a prophet for sudden cardiac death. Sympathoadrenal surges may contribute to both reduced coronary reserve in hypertensives and increased vulnerability to ventricular dysrhythmia. The ╥coronary epidemic╙ of our modern times appears related in part to outdated survival mechanisms, not suitable to human behavior in our urban milieu. Beta receptor blocking agents are effective antidotes providing protection from adrenomedullary overdrive and even perhaps, modification of that behavior. Stress and the sympathetic nervous system are important co-conspirators in hypertension and sudden cardiac death. AUDeQuattro V; Hamad R EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(7) p907-32 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /TU; Coronary Disease; Hypertension /ET; Stress; Sympathetic Nervous System MNAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /AE; Arrhythmia /ET; Coronary Circulation; Death, Sudden /ET; Heart Enlargement /ET; Hypertension /DT; Norepinephrine /BL MCReview MTHuman RN7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002835 TIRelationship between serum sodium and blood pressure in morbid obesity. ABWe evaluated the relationship between blood pressure and serum sodium level in morbidly obese patients. Forty patients had at least 2-3 blood pressure measurements and two measurements of serum sodium. The correlation between serum sodium and systolic blood pressure was 0.66 (p less than 0.01). The correlation between diastolic pressure and serum sodium was 0.40 (p less than 0.025). Our observation linking serum sodium to blood pressure provides a lead to study mechanisms common to regulation of blood sodium and blood pressure in morbid obesity. AUNanji AA; Freeman JB EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(7) p933-7 MJBlood Pressure; Obesity /PP; Sodium MNAdult; Obesity /BL MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002836 TIMalignant hypertension due to an aldosterone producing adrenal adenoma. ABMalignant hypertension in Conn's syndrome is rare. We report an 18 year old boy who presented with visual and renal impairment due to malignant hypertension which subsequently proved to be secondary to an aldosterone secreting adrenal adenoma. Diagnosis was delayed in this patient as plasma renin concentrations (PRC) were not invariably low and it is emphasized that suppression of PRC is not always a feature of primary hyperaldosteronism. The diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism is only excluded adequately by the demonstration of suppression of aldosterone secretion. AUMurphy BF; Whitworth JA; Kincaid-Smith P EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(7) p939-50 MJAdenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension, Malignant MNAdenoma /SE; Adolescence; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms /SE; Aldosterone /SE; Renin /BL MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002837 TIThe analysis of systolic and diastolic time intervals: a more sensitive non-invasive method in the assessment of left ventricular dysfunction in the patients with essential hypertension. ABTime indices and volumetric parameters were investigated in patients with essential hypertension subdivided into three groups according to the WHO stage classification. The ratio of ejection time (ET) and pre-ejection period (PEP), ET/PEP remained within normal range in WHO-I but decreased significantly in WHO-II and reached extremely low values in WHO-III. ET did not change in WHO-I and WHO-II but became significantly reduced in WHO-III. Prolongation of PEP in WHO-II and WHO-III increased with progression of hypertensive stage. Isovolumic relaxation time (IRT) showed the same pattern as the prolongation of PEP; positive correlation between PEP and IRT was observed (r=0.55). On the other hand, significant changes of volumetric parameters were only observed in WHO-III. These results indicated that the time indices were a more sensitive parameter than the volumetric ones in the assessment of left ventricular dysfunction in the patients with essential hypertension. AUIto T; Hamada M; Shigematsu Y; Kazatani Y; Nishitani K; Matsuzaki K; Daimon F; Ochi T; Kokubu T EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(7) p951-63 MJDiastole; Hypertension; Myocardial Contraction; Systole MNAdult; Echocardiography; Heart Enlargement /PP; Middle Age MTHuman RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002838 TIHormonal responses to change in posture in hypertensive man. Evaluation by measurements of prostaglandin E2, renin activity, angiotensin II, and norepinephrine in renal venous blood. ABThe hormonal responses to the stimulus of changing from resting supine to sitting upright for 15 minutes were assessed in 20 patients with hypertension, divided into 2 groups. 8 patients had essential hypertension (EH) and 12 unilateral renal artery stenosis (URS). The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration, plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (A-II) concentration, and norepinephrine (NE) concentration were measured in renal vein blood using specific methods. The PGE2 concentration increased after sitting for 15 minutes in all patients (p less than 0.001), but the increment was significant only in those with URS. The PRA was lower both at rest and after sitting up in the EH group than in the URS group. After sitting up the A-II concentration increased more in patients with URS than in those with EH (p less than 0.05). NE levels rose significantly when all patients were included (p less than 0.01), mainly owing to changes in the EH group. Supine and sitting PRA and A-II were correlated (r=0.47 and r=0.52; both p less than 0.05), and also sitting PGE2 and A-II (r=0.46, p less than 0.05). The inverse relation between PGE2 and NE for the difference in hormone concentrations between supine and sitting (r=-0.44, p less than 0.05) may be explained by an inhibitory effect of PGE2 on renal NE release, earlier observed in experiments in vitro. Similar changes in PGE2 and the measured components of the renin-angiotensin system in response to change in posture may indicate these factors are interrelated. AUKarlberg BE; Kuylenstierna J; Morales O; Soderberg A EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(7) p965-83 MJAngiotensin II; Hypertension; Norepinephrine; Posture; Prostaglandins E; Renin MNAdult; Middle Age; Renal Veins MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN26807-65-8 (Indapamide) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002839 TIDouble-blind comparison of indapamide with a placebo in hypertensive patients treated by practicing physicians. ABThe antihypertensive effect of indapamide (2.5 mg/day) was compared to that obtained with a placebo in a controlled trial carried out by 11 physicians in their private practice. Thirty-one patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension were included. After a run-in period of 3 weeks without any treatment, either indapamide (n = 16) or a placebo (n = 15) were administered for 8 weeks in double-blind fashion. Blood pressure decreased in both groups. In patients treated with indapamide, systolic pressure was significantly lower than in those given the placebo at 3 out of the 4 follow-up visits; diastolic pressure, however, was significantly lower only at the end of the trial. Both the active drug and the placebo were well tolerated. No significant change in body weight, plasma potassium and uric acid occurred during the study in either group of patients. It appears therefore that indapamide, at a dose which apparently has no major diuretic effect, may be useful for practitioners in managing patients with mild to moderate hypertension. AUSchaller MD; Waeber B; Brunner HR EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(7) p985-94 MJDiuretics, Sulfamyl; Hypertension; Indapamide MNAdult; Aged; Blood Pressure /DE; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Middle Age MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002840 TIEffects of enalapril maleate on plasma level of inactive renin in renovascular hypertension. ABChanges in plasma levels of active and inactive renin after the treatment with enalapril maleate (MK-421), a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, were studied in five patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) due to unilateral renal artery stenosis. The dosage was increased when the blood pressure (BP) was not normalized for more than 3 days. Blood sampling was performed before, and 5 hours and 24 hours after the first administration, and on the 3rd day with each dosage. Active and inactive renin concentrations (ARC and IRC) showed a reciprocal change in 4 cases, 5 hours after the first dose. In the chronic treatment, ARC and IRC before the morning dose did not change apparently until the BP was normalized, when both ARC and IRC were evidently increased. It was suspected that a conversion from inactive to active renin may occur in the patients with RVH, when the active renin secretion is stimulated suddenly by the first dose of MK-421. The chronically diminished perfusion pressure in the kidney may stimulate the secretion of inactive renin, but the decrease in endogenous angiotensin II may not. AUOgawa K; Matsunaga M; Nagai H; Hara A; Pak CH; Kawai C EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(7) p995-1005 MJEnalapril; Hypertension, Renovascular; Renin MNAdolescence; Adult; Blood Pressure /DE; Middle Age MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 60-27-5 (Creatinine); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 86-54-4 (Hydralazine) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002841 TIEffect of hydralazine on serial measurements of exchangeable sodium and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ABHydralazine was dissolved in 0.5% drinking saline (40 mg/1000 ml) labelled with isotope 22Na and given to spontaneously hypertensive rats for four weeks. Another group of rats were given isotope labelled saline only and served as control. Measurements of total exchangeable sodium, blood pressure, pulse rate and weight were performed before and repeatedly during treatment. Before treatment exchangeable sodium, blood pressure, pulse rate, and weight were no different between the groups. The antihypertensive effect of hydralazine was marked and maintained throughout the experiment. No significant changes were found in pulse rate. Both groups gained weight similarly. Exchangeable sodium increased at the same rate in both groups along with the weight increase. Thus, chronic hydralazine treatment effectively reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats without causing measurable sodium or fluid retention. AUManhem PJ; Clark SA; Brown WB; Murray GD; Robertson JI EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(8) p1045-57 MJHydralazine; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium MNBlood Pressure /DE; Creatinine /BL; Drinking Behavior /DE; Heart Rate /DE; Rats; Renin /BL MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); EC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 113-79-1 (Argipressin); 50-60-2 (Phentolamine); 51-34-3 (Scopolamine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002842 TIThe mechanism of hypertension and bradycardia following lesions of the caudal ventrolateral medulla in the rabbit: the role of sympathetic nerves, circulating adrenaline, vasopressin and renin. ABLesions of the ventrolateral medulla of the rabbit, coinciding with the A1 noradrenaline cell bodies (A1 lesions) produced fortyfold increases in the plasma levels of vasopressin and adrenaline, a twofold increase in plasma noradrenaline and a substantial increase in plasma renin activity. These increases accompanied the hypertension and bradycardia that follow A1 lesions. The vasoconstriction and hypertension were completely abolished by phentolamine, an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, when it was administered before lesions and were markedly reduced when it was given after lesions. On the other hand, administration of an antagonist to the vasoconstrictor action of vasopressin (d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP) or an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor had little effect. Prior removal of the adrenal glands prevented any rise in plasma adrenaline levels but had no effect on the pressure response to subsequent A1 lesions. These results indicate that the vasoconstriction and hypertension were predominantly mediated by alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation, acting mainly through sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerves. The fall in heart rate following A1 lesions was approximately halved by pretreatment either with d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP alone, or by blockade of the vagus and sympathetic with scopolamine and propranolol; it was completely abolished by combined pretreatment with all three agents. The experiments show that vasopressin release makes a major contribution to the bradycardia acting at least in part through mechanisms that are independent of cardiac vagal or sympathetic nerves. AUElliott JM; Kapoor V; Cain M; West MJ; Chalmers JP EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(8) p1059-82 MJBradycardia; Hypertension; Medulla Oblongata /PP; Sympathetic Nervous System MNAdrenalectomy; Argipressin /AI /BL; Enalapril /PD; Epinephrine /BL; Kininase II /AI; Medulla Oblongata /CY; Norepinephrine /BL; Phentolamine /PD; Propranolol /PD; Rabbits; Renin /BL; Scopolamine /PD; Vascular Resistance /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002843 TIHemodynamic effects of the intraventricular administration of angiotensin II and renin in awake dogs. ABThis study was undertaken to investigate the hemodynamic changes induced by intraventricular injections of angiotensin II (A-II), 1 to 100 ng/kg/min, and renin in doses of 0.025 to 0.3 units (u) in conscious instrumented dogs. Angiotensin II produced a dose-related increase in mean arterial pressure; however, only the highest dose produced a significant increase of 23 +/- 6 mmHg. In contrast, renin did not significantly alter mean arterial pressure in the doses administered but 0.1 and 0.3 u induced a significant increase in systolic arterial blood pressure of 10 +/- 2 and 17 +/- 4 mmHg, respectively. Neither A-II nor renin affected heart rate, dP/dt or carotid, coronary or renal blood flows. These data suggest that in conscious dogs, the threshold level of A-II necessary to induce substantial hemodynamic changes is greater than the amount of A-II that can be acutely generated by activation of angiotensinogen. In addition, the present data suggest that the magnitude of the response is dependent on the availability of the substrate rather than the dose of renin injected centrally into conscious dogs. AUChelly JE; Doursout MF; Hartley CJ; Huang YK; Buckley JP EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(8) p1083-95 MJAngiotensin II /PD; Hemodynamics; Renin MNAngiotensin II /CF; Blood Pressure /DE; Brain /DE; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart Rate /DE; Injections, Intraventricular; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Wakefulness MTAnimal RN86903-70-0 (Natriuretic Peptides, Atrial) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002844 TIEnhanced natriuretic and hypotensive responsiveness to alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) in SHR. ABNatriuretic and hypotensive effects of synthetic alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) were investigated in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). The renal excretory and hypotensive effects of alpha-hANP were strengthened in a dose-dependent manner in both strains of rat. The natriuretic response to three doses of alpha-hANP (0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 micrograms/kg) were significantly greater in SHR than in WKY. These results suggest that atrial natriuretic polypeptide may play some role in water-electrolyte balance and control of blood pressure in SHR. AUKondo K; Kida O; Kangawa K; Matsuo H; Tanaka K EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(8) p1097-107 MJBlood Pressure; Diuresis; Natriuretic Peptides, Atrial MNHypertension /PP; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 60-27-5 (Creatinine) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002845 TIUnilaterally nephrectomized rat with aortic ligation: a uremic model of severe hypertension. ABThe purpose of this study was to characterize a new animal model of severe hypertension with azotemia. Hypertension was induced in rats by complete ligation of the aorta between the origin of the renal arteries. One month later chronic renal failure was induced by removing the right kidney. The serum creatinine concentration, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma angiotensin II levels were monitored over the next two weeks. One month after aortic ligation, but before removal of the right kidney, the MABP, PRA, and plasma angiotensin II levels were significantly greater than in controls (P less than 0.05). Following nephrectomy serum creatinine concentration rose from 0.65 +/- 0.03 mg/100 ml (X +/- SEM) to 2.75 +/- 0.40 mg/100 ml and 1.78 +/- 0.22 mg/100 ml (P less than 0.05), 3 and 14 days after the right nephrectomy, respectively. Although the elevated MABP remained unchanged, the PRA and plasma angiotensin II concentrations significantly declined to levels indistinguishable from normotensive controls. These data indicate that combining aortic ligation with right nephrectomy produces a uremic model of severe hypertension in the rat. This model may facilitate studies designed to determine the best choice of antihypertensive drugs in the situation of severe hypertension and renal insufficiency. AUHeidemann HT; Jackson EK; Gerkens JF; Workman RJ; Branch RA EM8601 IDHL 14192 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(8) p1109-20 MJDisease Models, Animal; Hypertension, Renovascular /PP; Nephrectomy; Uremia /PP MNAngiotensin II /BL; Creatinine /BL; Hypertension, Renovascular /CO; Ligation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Renal Artery Obstruction; Renin /BL; Uremia /CO MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002846 TILack of effects of maternal salt intake on blood pressure of offspring in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. ABInbred Dahl salt sensitive (S/JR) and salt resistant (R/JR) rats were used to look for effects of varying maternal intake of salt (NaCl) on the blood pressure of the offspring. Neither the blood pressure at weaning nor the blood pressure response to postweaning high salt diet of S/JR or R/JR rat pups was affected whether their mothers had eaten high salt (8% NaCl) or low salt (0.15% NaCl) diet during gestation. Similarly, maternal salt intake during lactation had no effect on the blood pressure of the offspring at weaning or the blood pressure response to salt feeding after weaning. Na+ was higher and K+ was lower in milk of S/JR compared to R/JR mothers during the last half of the lactation period, but dietary salt intake did not influence milk Na+ or K+. Previous cross-fostering experiments show that this strain difference in milk electrolytes does not influence S pups blood pressure. It is concluded that neither maternal salt intake nor the existing changes in milk Na+ have any influence on the blood pressure of Dahl salt sensitive rat pups in contrast to the marked effects of salt intake in these rats after weaning. AUDene H; Rapp JP EM8601 IDHL-29922 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(8) p1121-33 MJBlood Pressure; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium Chloride MNAge Factors; Diet; Lactation; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Milk /ME; Potassium /ME; Pregnancy; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002847 TIAlpha- and beta-adrenoceptors in circulating blood cells of essential hypertensive patients: increased receptor density and responsiveness. ABIn 40 male patients with established essential hypertension (P diast greater than 95 mmHg) platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor density (by 3H-yohimbine binding) and -responsiveness (by adrenaline-induced aggregation) as well as lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor density (by (+/-)-125 iodocyanopindolol binding) and -responsiveness (by cyclic AMP responses to isoprenaline) were determined and compared with those in 40 male age-matched normotensives (P diast less than 90 mmHg). In essential hypertensive patients mean platelet alpha 2- and lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor densities were significantly increased. When data from all 80 subjects were combined, significant positive correlations between mean arterial blood pressure and alpha 2- and beta 2-adrenoceptor densities, respectively, were found. The increases in alpha 2- and beta 2-adrenoceptor densities were accompanied by enhanced responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation: in platelets adrenaline-induced aggregation--via alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation--was exaggerated, and in lymphocytes isoprenaline produced significantly greater increases in the intracellular level of cyclic AMP. It is concluded that the increased density and responsiveness of alpha 2-and beta 2-adrenoceptors in circulating blood cells of essential hypertensive patients may reflect increased sympathetic activity, which might contribute to the elevation of blood pressure. AUBrodde OE; Stuka N; Demuth V; Fesel R; Bergerhausen J; Daul A; Bock KD EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(8) p1135-50 MJBlood Cells; Hypertension; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta MNAdenyl Cyclase /ME; Blood Platelets /ME; Blood Pressure; Enzyme Activation; Lymphocytes /ME; Platelet Aggregation MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1.- (calcium magnesium ATPase); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002848 TIActivities of transport adenosine triphosphatases in erythrocyte membranes of healthy and hypertensive subjects. ABThe Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the erythrocyte membrane was measured in 25 untreated essential hypertensive patients and 25 age-matched healthy normotensive subjects. In addition, the Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase activity was measured in 20 hypertensive and 25 age-matched normotensive subjects. The Na+, K+-ATPase activity of healthy Chinese measured in this study was similar to the data reported in a Dutch study. We therefore could not support a theory which speculated an ethnic influence on Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Both Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase activities were slightly lower in hypertensive patients as compared with those in normotensive subjects, but the differences were not statistically significant. We concluded that the transport ATPase activities were not impaired in the erythrocyte membranes of hypertensive patients. AULin SJ; Hong CY; Chiang BN; Wei YH EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(8) p1151-63 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium; Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium; Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium; Erythrocyte Membrane; Hypertension MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002849 TIDecreased core-to-skin heat transfer in mild essential hypertensives exercising in the heat. ABIn previous reports (1,2) we examined the physiological responses of normotensive and essentially hypertensive men to steady state leg exercise (at 40% V02max) in a warm (38 degrees C dry-bulb, 28 degrees C wet-bulb) environment. Those results are reviewed. Additionally, in this paper we report relative core-to-skin heat transfer (HT) characteristics of these two groups, matched for age, aerobic fitness, and body composition, but differing in resting blood pressure. Forearm skin blood flow (as measured from changes in total forearm blood flow) was relatively reduced in the hypertensives. This resulted in a similar (but slightly compensated) reduction in HT, e.g., at minute 30, the hypertensives had 81% less skin blood flow and 56% less HT than their normotensive counterparts. This finding has important implications for unmedicated mild hypertensives exercising or working in hot environments. AUKenney WL EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(8) p1165-72 MJBody Temperature Regulation; Exertion; Hypertension MNAdult; Middle Age; Regional Blood Flow; Skin /BS MTHuman; Male RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002850 TISlow-release nifedipine as a single or additional agent in the treatment of essential hypertension--a placebo-controlled crossover study. ABThe efficacy and safety of a new slow-release formulation of nifedipine (╥Adalat Retard╙) were assessed in a double-blind cross-over trial in 19 subjects with essential hypertension (14 male, 5 female--ages: 34-72 years), 14 of whom continued previous antihypertensive medication. There were two 6 week treatment phases in which nifedipine 20 mg twice daily and placebo tablets twice daily were administered in random order. Supine mean blood pressure was 115 +/- 2 mm Hg during the placebo phase and 105 +/- 2 mm Hg during the nifedipine phase (p less than 0.001); and standing mean blood pressure was 121 +/- 2 mm Hg after placebo and 110 +/- 2 mm Hg after nifedipine (p less than 0.001). The magnitude of the blood pressure difference between the two phases was not related either to age or to the placebo phase blood pressure. The hypotensive effect of nifedipine was observed when administered as a single agent or in combination with diuretic and/or beta blocker. Heart rate was increased after nifedipine--75 +/- 2 beats/minute compared with 71 +/- 2 beats/minute after placebo (p less than 0.01). In this dose nifedipine (as ╥Adalat Retard╙) is an effective hypotensive agent which is a useful addition to presently available therapy. AUWing LM; Chalmers JP; West MJ; Bune AJ EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(8) p1173-85 MJHypertension; Nifedipine MNAdult; Aged; Body Weight; Delayed-Action Preparations; Double-Blind Method; Heart Rate; Middle Age; Nifedipine /AE MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); 21829-25-4 (Nifedipine) IS0730-0077 LAEnglish JCDCJ SBM UI86002851 TINifedipine as a substitute for converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of renovascular hypertension. ABNifedipine long acting tablets were substituted for converting enzyme inhibitors in eight patients with renovascular hypertension. A significant drop in blood pressure was observed. Nifedipine was shown to be as effective (in lowering blood pressure) as a drug that acts directly on the renin angiotensin system. These data offer support for previously reported findings that the action of angiotensin II is calcium mediated. AUBursztyn M; Grossman E; Rosenthal T EM8601 SOClin Exp Hypertens [A] (United States), 1985, 7(8) p1187-97 MJHypertension, Renovascular; Kininase II; Nifedipine MNAdult; Delayed-Action Preparations; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002852 TIAge of onset in siblings of persons with juvenile Huntington disease. ABThe age of onset distribution of Huntington disease (HD) has been defined for siblings of patients who exhibit the disease before age 20. The mean age of onset for the siblings of juvenile onset cases is 26.8 years, which is significantly less than the mean age of onset (39.8) observed in siblings of non-juvenile cases. We have shown that the curve for age of onset in the general affected population is significantly different from that of the juvenile sibships. Furthermore, the significant regression equation suggests that the 'expected age of onset' of a sibling can be predicted from a knowledge of the age of onset of the juvenile proband. This information can be used to predict a range of age of onset for those sibs of juvenile patients who are likely to be asymptomatic heterozygotes with DNA polymorphism studies. AUHayden MR; Soles JA; Ward RH EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p100-5 MJHuntington Chorea MNAdult; Age Factors; Huntington Chorea /FG; Pedigree MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002853 TIHeterogeneity of Kallmann's syndrome. ABKallmann's syndrome is a rare condition defined as a combination of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia. The present study shows two genealogical tables. In the first family six male members in four generations had Kallmann's syndrome. All carrier females seemed to have normal fertility and normal olfactory function. X-linked recessive or - less probable - dominant sex linked inheritance was considered to be most probable. Renal malformation was discovered in one and was excluded in two affected members. In the second family only one affected female was discovered. She had a monozygotic twin sister with normal pubertal development, but also total anosmia. Four individuals with anosmia alone were found in this family, but no further cases of hypogonadism. The possibility of an acquired hypothalamic insufficiency on the basis of hereditary anosmia is discussed. AUHermanussen M; Sippell WG EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p106-11 MJAnosmia /FG; Hypogonadism /FG MNAdolescence; Anosmia /CO; Hypogonadism /CO; Linkage (Genetics); Smell /PH; Syndrome; X Chromosome MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002854 TIPartial trisomy 12q: clinical and cytogenetic observations. ABHigh resolution chromosome banding showed a male infant with profound mental retardation, hypertonia and multiple congenital anomalies to have the karyotype 46,XY,-der (2),t(2;12)(q37.3;q24.13)pat. Most of the clinical findings were compatible with those of the previously described cases with partial trisomy 12q. Some of the clinical features seem to disappear with increasing age. AUTengstrom C ; Wilska M; Kahkonen M ; Autio S; Leisti J EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p112-7 MJChromosomes, Human, 6-12; Mental Retardation; Trisomy MNChild; Chromosome Banding; Pedigree; Phenotype MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002855 TIThe cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome: third report of familial occurrence. ABTwo male sibs with cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome and spina bifida are described. The parents are physically and radiologically normal. A short review of the pertinent literature is given with special emphasis on the mode of inheritance. AUHennekam RC; Beemer FA; Huijbers WA; Hustinx PA; van Sprang FJ EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p118-21 MJAbnormalities, Multiple; Mandible; Ribs; Spina Bifida MNChild, Preschool MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002856 TIPartial trisomy 5q and partial monosomy 5q within the same family. ABThe observation of partial trisomy for 5q31-5qter and partial monosomy for the same segment in two offspring within the same family is presented. Their normal mother was a balanced carrier of a reciprocal translocation 46,XX,t(5;10) (q31.3;q26). The trisomic female had craniofacial dysplasia, a short neck, clinodactyly of the 5th fingers, a small umbilical hernia, arhinencephalia, cerebellar hypoplasia, atrial septal defect, an accessory spleen, bifid uterus and vagina, hypoplastic ovaries. Potter syndrome with cystic dysplasia of the left kidney and agenesis of the right, urethral atresia, uterus unicornus with utero-urethral fistula, true hermaphroditism with two ovaries and one testicle were found in her stillborn sister. Analysis of the manifestations of monosomy 5q and trisomy 5q in the same family supports a well known fact that the effects of deletions are more pronounced than those of duplications for the same segments. AULazjuk GI; Lurie IW; Kirillova IA; Zaletajev DV; Gurevich DB; Shved IA; Ostrovskaya TI EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p122-9 MJAbnormalities, Multiple; Chromosome Deletion; Chromosomes, Human, 4-5; Monosomy; Trisomy MNChromosome Banding; Pedigree MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002857 TIEEC syndrome without ectrodactyly? Report of 8 cases. ABEight cases are presented from two families with a variable manifestation of the EEC syndrome. In the first family only one of three affected persons suffers from limb defects. In the second family all five affected have a different pattern of symptoms and only two of them show limb defects. The described families as well as at least one literature report confirm that ectrodactyly is not an obligate symptom of the EEC syndrome. AUKuster W ; Majewski F; Meinecke P EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p130-5 MJAbnormalities, Multiple; Fingers MNCleft Lip /FG; Cleft Palate /FG; Ectodermal Dysplasia /FG; Ectoderm; Gene Expression Regulation; Pedigree; Syndrome MTCase Report; Human RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002858 TIExpression of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in six males and in their mothers. ABSix male patients with confirmed X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and their mothers were studied to determine the variation of expressivity in patients and heterozygotes, major problems of the patients, and to find a clue to pathogenesis. The number of teeth, conic in shape, in patients varied from none to 14. In addition to hypohidrosis and hypotrichosis, dry skin, reduced salivation, hoarseness and hypoplasia of the nipples were common signs. Five patients had frequent respiratory infections. The mothers lacked more than four permanent teeth, one mother had hypodontia in the deciduous dentition. The sweat pore counts were low in patients, and lower than normal in the mothers. All patients carried beta-hemolytic streptococci, four of them group A either in nose or pharynx, without symptoms. Immunoglobulin values, including IgA were normal in serum and saliva. Unexpectedly, serum parathyroid hormone concentrations both in patients and mothers were low. The major problem of the families was the risk of hyperpyrexia due to hypohidrosis, but the patients' concern was mostly because of their facial appearance. AUSoderholm AL ; Kaitila I EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p136-44 MJEctodermal Dysplasia MNBody Temperature Regulation; Calcium /BL; Heterozygote; Hypohidrosis /FG; Immunity; Linkage (Genetics); Parathyroid Hormones /BL; Phenotype; Phosphates /BL; Tooth Abnormalities /FG; X Chromosome MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002859 TIHeritable fragility at 11q13 and 12q13. ABThe chromosomes of two mentally retarded probands were investigated because they were suspected of having the fragile X syndrome. However two other fragilities were detected. In one patient a fra(11)(q13) was found and in the other a fra(12)(q13). Family studies revealed that both fragile sites were real heritable ones. Besides these two heritable fragile sites, the common fragile site at 3p14 was frequently observed. The effects of BUdR, FUdR and methotrexate on the frequency of the three fragilities were studied. The two heritable fragile sites differed from the common fragile site at 3p14 with respect to their inducibility by FUdR and methotrexate. AUSmeets DF; Scheres JM; Hustinx TW EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p145-50 MJChromosome Fragile Sites; Chromosomes, Human, 4-5; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 MNAdolescence; Cells, Cultured; Child, Preschool; Culture Media; Mental Retardation /FG MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RNEC 2.7.3.2 (Creatine Kinase) IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002860 TIDuchenne-like muscular dystrophy in two sisters with normal karyotypes: evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance. ABTwo sisters, products of a consanguineous marriage (with a total of 12 children) showed muscle weakness at ages 7 and 6 yrs, respectively. The symptoms progressed rapidly and the patients were confined to wheelchairs at ages of 12 and 11 yrs, respectively. They had mild facial weakness and pseudohypertrophy of the calves, but neither cardiomyopathy nor mental retardation. Serum CK activities exceeded upper normal limit by 70 to 85-fold. Muscle biopsies were compatible with muscular dystrophy. Both girls had a normal karyotype. The healthy mother had mild CK elevations in two out of three occasions, but the muscle biopsy was normal. Three out of the six unaffected sibs had mild CK elevations. The findings support the concept of severe progressive muscular dystrophy with autosomal recessive inheritance. The condition is clinically indistinguishable from Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AUSomer H; Voutilainen A; Knuutila S; Kaitila I; Rapola J; Leinonen H EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p151-6 MJMuscular Dystrophy MNCreatine Kinase /BL; Genes, Recessive; Karyotyping; Muscular Dystrophy /PA; Pedigree MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002861 TICornelia de Lange syndrome in a mother and daughter. ABThe Cornelia de Lange syndrome was first described in 1933. Since then, more than 250 cases have been described in the medical literature. It has generally been considered to be sporadic, but several authors have raised the possibility of genetic factors. We present a mother and child affected with Cornelia de Lange syndrome and raise the possibility of autosomal dominant inheritance. AULeavitt A; Dinno N; Davis C EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p157-61 MJGrowth Disorders; Mental Retardation MNGenes, Dominant; Pedigree; Syndrome MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002862 TIAn unusual variant chromosome 9 with an extra C-negative, G-dark segment in the short arm. ABAn unusual variant chromosome 9 is described in a mother and a daughter: an extra G-dark, C-negative and G-11 negative chromosomal segment is present in the short arm in the absence of apparent phenotypic effects. This extra material is also Ag-As negative and exhibits a fluorescence similar in intensity to that of band 9q21 when stained by QFQ and DAPI/AMD, and to that of band 9p13 in RBA-banded preparations; it is slightly less fluorescent when R-banded by chromomycin A3. The possibility of an association with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion is presented. AUSpedicato FS; Di Comite A; Tohidast-Akrad M EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p162-5 MJChromosome Abnormalities; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12; Tongue MNChromosome Banding; Infant, Newborn; Pedigree MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002863 TIA complex structural rearrangement of chromosome 4 in a woman without phenotypic features of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. ABA 32-year-old mentally retarded woman was found to have a complex rearrangement of one chromosome 4. Her karyotype is interpreted as 46,XX,inv(4) (pter----p14::q12----p14::q12----qter) del (4) (pter----15.33::p15.2----qter). Clinically she does not show the features of the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Her phenotype and cytogenetic findings are compared with 2 other reported cases of 4p-without Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. AURomain DR; Columbano-Green LM; Parfitt RG; Chapman CJ; Smythe RH; Gebbie OB EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p166-72 MJChromosomes, Human, 4-5; Mental Retardation MNAdult; Chromosome Banding; Chromosome Deletion; Inversion (Genetics); Karyotyping; Phenotype; Syndrome MTCase Report; Female; Human RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes); EC 3.1.23.13 (endodeoxyribonuclease EcoRI); 58-85-5 (Biotin) IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002864 TIA new banding pattern of human chromosomes by in situ nick translation using ECO RI and biotin-dUTP. ABHere we present first results of an attempt to replace the nicking activity of DNAase I by ECO RI for in situ nick translation of human chromosomes. For the detection of nick translated sites we used biotinylated dUTP. The procedure resulted in a distinct banding pattern of the chromosomes which does not seem to correspond to that reached by any known banding technique. AUBullerdiek J; Dittmer J; Faehre A; Bartnitzke S; Kasche V; Schloot W EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p173-6 MJBiotin; Chromosome Banding; DNA Restriction Enzymes MNDNA Replication; Deoxyuracil Nucleotides /DU; Hydrolysis; Metaphase MTHuman IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002865 TIAbout diploid-tetraploid mosaicism [letter] AUChamla Y EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p177 MJMosaicism; Polyploidy MNCells, Cultured; Diploidy MTHuman IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002866 TI46,X,i(Xq) karyotype in a patient with hypoplastic left heart [letter] AUShah A; Fay JE; Ford S; Holden JJ EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p178-9 MJHeart Defects, Congenital; Sex Chromosome Abnormalities MNChromosomes, Human, 19-20; Inversion (Genetics); Karyotyping; Monosomy; Mosaicism; X Chromosome MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002867 TIImaging techniques in muscular dystrophies [letter] AURott HD; Rodl W EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p179-80 MJMuscular Dystrophy MNTomography, X-Ray Computed MTHuman IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002868 TIPrenatal testing and twinning [letter] AUFlannery DB; Holzman GB EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p180-2 MJPrenatal Diagnosis; Twins MNMaternal Age MTHuman IS0009-9163 LAEnglish JCDDT SBM UI86002869 TIFrequency of fragile X chromosome in normal females. ABBecause of the ambiguities in diagnosing carriers of the fragile X syndrome, we studied thirty-six normal females to determine whether the fragile site at Xq27 can be seen in noncarrier females and at what frequency. A fragile site at Xq27 was identified in one out of thirty-six females, occurring at a frequency of 0.5% in her peripheral lymphocytes. We conclude that the fragile Xq27 site occurs only rarely in noncarrier females and that each laboratory should determine its own baseline frequencies of fragile X in order to most accurately distinguish between normal and carrier women. AUAbuelo D; Castree K; Pueschel S; Padre-Mendoza T; Zolnierz K EM8601 SOClin Genet (Denmark), Aug 1985, 28(2) p97-9 MJFragile X Syndrome; Sex Chromosome Abnormalities MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0307-6938 LAEnglish JCDDU UI86002870 TIThe Dowling Oration 1984. Device and rule. AUMarks R EM8601 SOClin Exp Dermatol (England), Jul 1985, 10(4) p303-27 MJDermatology MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Middle Age; Skin Diseases /DI /PA /PP; Skin /PA /PP MTFemale; Human; Male RN298-81-7 (Methoxsalen); 484-20-8 (5-methoxypsoralen) IS0307-6938 LAEnglish JCDDU UI86002871 TIThe bergapten content of garden parsley and its significance in causing cutaneous photosensitization. AUZaynoun S; Abi Ali L; Tenekjian K; Kurban A EM8601 SOClin Exp Dermatol (England), Jul 1985, 10(4) p328-31 MJHerbs; Methoxsalen /AN; Photosensitivity Disorders MNFood /AE; Hand Dermatoses /ET; Methoxsalen /AE; Pigmentation Disorders /ET; Spectrophotometry MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0307-6938 LAEnglish JCDDU UI86002872 TISarcomas--a clinicopathological guide with particular reference to cutaneous manifestation. III. Angiosarcoma, malignant haemangiopericytoma, fibrosarcoma and synovial sarcoma. AUFletcher CD; McKee PH EM8601 SOClin Exp Dermatol (England), Jul 1985, 10(4) p332-49 MJFibrosarcoma; Hemangiopericytoma; Hemangiosarcoma; Skin Neoplasms; Synovioma MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Middle Age; Soft Tissue Neoplasms /PA MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male IS0307-6938 LAEnglish JCDDU UI86002873 TIImproved techniques for in vivo and in vitro detection of IgG deposits at dermo-epidermal junction of human skin. AUBarthelemy H; Dezutter-Dambuyant C; Ohrt C; Thivolet J EM8601 SOClin Exp Dermatol (England), Jul 1985, 10(4) p350-7 MJIgG; Skin MNBasement Membrane /IM; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic /IM; Pemphigoid, Bullous /IM; Rabbits MTAnimal; Human IS0307-6938 LAEnglish JCDDU UI86002874 TIAcanthosis nigricans in monozygotic twins with post receptor defects causing insulin resistance. AUGarcier F; Claudy AL EM8601 SOClin Exp Dermatol (England), Jul 1985, 10(4) p358-64 MJAcanthosis Nigricans /FG; Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors /FG; Diseases in Twins; Insulin Resistance MNAcanthosis Nigricans /ET; Adult; Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors /CO; Twins, Monozygotic MTCase Report; Female; Human RN302-79-4 (Tretinoin); 4759-48-2 (Ro 4-3780) IS0307-6938 LAEnglish JCDDU UI86002875 TIThe effects of isotretinoin on the pathology of early acne papules. AUDalziel K; Kingston T; Marks R EM8601 SOClin Exp Dermatol (England), Jul 1985, 10(4) p365-70 MJAcne; Skin; Tretinoin MNAcne /PA; Sebaceous Glands /PA MTFemale; Human; Male RN8007-45-2 (Coal Tar) IS0307-6938 LAEnglish JCDDU UI86002876 TIShort contact crude coal tar therapy for psoriasis. AUFinlay AY; Young DW EM8601 SOClin Exp Dermatol (England), Jul 1985, 10(4) p371-4 MJCoal Tar; Psoriasis MNChronic Disease; Coal Tar /TU; Drug Administration Schedule MTComparative Study; Human RN480-22-8 (Anthralin); 8007-45-2 (Coal Tar) IS0307-6938 LAEnglish JCDDU UI86002877 TIComparison of a cream containing 0.1% dithranol in a 17% urea base (Psoradrate) with coal tar pomade in the treatment of scalp psoriasis. AUWright S; Mann RJ EM8601 SOClin Exp Dermatol (England), Jul 1985, 10(4) p375-8 MJAnthracenes; Anthralin /TU; Coal Tar /TU; Psoriasis; Scalp Dermatoses MNAdult; Anthralin /AE; Clinical Trials; Coal Tar /AE; Middle Age MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0307-6938 LAEnglish JCDDU UI86002878 TIReticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures and seborrhoeic warts. AUBoyle J; Burton JL EM8601 SOClin Exp Dermatol (England), Jul 1985, 10(4) p379-83 MJCarcinoma, Basal Cell; Pigmentation Disorders; Skin Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Carcinoma, Basal Cell /PA; Child; Pigmentation Disorders /FG /PA; Seborrhea /CO; Skin Neoplasms /PA; Skin /PA MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0307-6938 LAEnglish JCDDU UI86002879 TISarcoidosis of the vulva. AUTatnall FM; Barnes HM; Sarkany I EM8601 SOClin Exp Dermatol (England), Jul 1985, 10(4) p384-5 MJSarcoidosis; Skin Diseases; Vulvar Diseases MNAdult MTCase Report; Female; Human RN52-67-5 (Penicillamine) IS0307-6938 LAEnglish JCDDU UI86002880 TIElastosis perforans serpiginosa and pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like skin change due to D-penicillamine. AUMeyrick Thomas RH; Kirby JD EM8601 SOClin Exp Dermatol (England), Jul 1985, 10(4) p386-91 MJConnective Tissue Diseases; Penicillamine; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum MNChild; Connective Tissue Diseases /PA; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum /PA; Skin /PA MTCase Report; Female; Human RN52-67-5 (Penicillamine) IS0307-6938 LAEnglish JCDDU UI86002881 TICicatricial pemphigoid in D-penicillamine treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis--a report of three cases. AUShuttleworth D; Graham-Brown RA; Hutchinson PE; Jolliffe DS EM8601 SOClin Exp Dermatol (England), Jul 1985, 10(4) p392-7 MJArthritis, Rheumatoid; Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane; Penicillamine; Skin Diseases, Bullous MNAged; Middle Age; Penicillamine /TU MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0307-6938 LAEnglish JCDDU UI86002882 TIPseudomilia--widespread cutaneous calculi. AUNeild VS; Marsden RA EM8601 SOClin Exp Dermatol (England), Jul 1985, 10(4) p398-401 MJCalculi; Skin Diseases; Skin MNChild MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0307-6938 LAEnglish JCDDU UI86002883 TIKaposi's sarcoma and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy [letter] AUAl-Jitawi S; Jumean H; Omeish OY EM8601 SOClin Exp Dermatol (England), Jul 1985, 10(4) p404 MJImmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy; Sarcoma, Kaposi's; Skin Neoplasms MNAdult MTCase Report; Human; Male RN103-90-2 (Acetaminophen) IS0307-6938 LAEnglish JCDDU UI86002884 TIUrticaria from paracetamol [letter] AUCole TO EM8601 SOClin Exp Dermatol (England), Jul 1985, 10(4) p404 MJAcetaminophen; Urticaria MTHuman RNEC 3.- (Complement Activating Enzymes) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002885 TISimultaneous turnover of normal and dysfunctional C1 inhibitor as a probe of in vivo activation of C1 and contact activatable proteases. ABSimultaneous turnover of normal and dysfunctional C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) was carried out in 10 normal subjects and 13 patients with rheumatoid arthritis as a measure of the in vivo activation of C1 and the contact activatable enzymes. In the first series of experiments, dysfunctional protein We was used in simultaneous turnover studies in five normal subjects and nine patients. The fractional catabolic rate of the dysfunctional C1-INH, We, (FCR(d)) was unchanged in both groups but the fractional catabolic rate of the normal C1-INH (FCR(n)) was faster in the patients compared to the controls, in particular patients with vasculitis. The enzyme-dependent catabolism defined as FCR(n-d) X concentration of C1-INH X plasma volume, was raised in the patient group, and correlated with disease activity score (r = 0.83, P less than 0.05). Neither FCR(n) nor FCR(d) was dependent on C1-INH concentration. The latter was higher in the patients (206 mg/l compared with 155 mg/l) indicating a very high synthetic rate in the patients (280.81 micrograms/kg/h compared with 179.77 micrograms/kg). In the second series of turnovers in six patients and five normal subjects, another dysfunctional C1-INH, at, was used. The FCR of C1-INH was slower than C1-INH (We) (1.88%/h compared with 2.7%/h). Enzyme-dependent catabolism of C1-INH in these patients were raised and also correlated with disease activity score (r = 0.82, P less than 0.05). AUWoo P; Lachmann PJ; Harrison RA; Amos N; Cooper C; Rosen FS EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p1-8 MJArthritis, Rheumatoid /IM; Complement 1 Inactivators /ME; Complement 1; Complement Activating Enzymes; Complement Activation; Complement Pathway, Classical MNAdult; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid /CO; Complement 1 Inactivators /BI; Middle Age; Vasculitis /CO /IM MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002886 TILymphocytes from patients with hairy cell leukaemia enable the distinction of two separate subpopulations of activated lymphocyte killer cells generated in mixed lymphocyte culture. ABBlood from patients with hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) was used to investigate subpopulations of the non-specific activated lymphocyte killer (ALK) cells generated in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). Mononuclear cells from four of five patients with HCL had decreased natural killer (NK) cell activity and, of these, all showed a decrease in ALK cell activity against K-562 target cells (NK like cells), but three had normal levels of ALK cells able to kill melanoma cells. One patient who had received splenectomy had normal NK cell activity, and in MLC his cells generated normal levels of both subpopulations of ALK cells. The results support the hypothesis of separate subsets of ALK cells: NK like cells with NK cell precursors and which preferentially lyse the K-562 target cell and a second separate population which arises independent of NK cell precursors and which has strong cytolytic activity against an NK insensitive melanoma cell line. AUWerkmeister JA; Boyd AW; Triglia T; Burns GF EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p103-8 MJKiller Cells /IM; Leukemia, Hairy Cell MNCell Line; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Killer Cells /CL; Leukocyte Culture Test, Mixed MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002887 TISuccessful tumour immunotherapy: possible role of antibodies to anti-inflammatory factors produced by neoplasms. ABPhenol-saline tumour extracts, active in the immunotherapy of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC), were used to immunize mice. The immunized mice became resistant to the depression of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions by products of BOSCC cells or cultured mouse or rat tumour cells. They also showed partial resistance to the growth of an unrelated tumour. Monoclonal antibodies to a type C retrovirus protein, p15E, also induced resistance to the depression of DTH by products of BOSCC and mouse tumours. It is suggested that successful immunotherapy of BOSCC is associated with the induction of resistance to anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive tumour cell products, allowing the operation of host defences, and that these products share antigenic determinants with a retrovirus protein. AUNelson M; Nelson DS; Spradbrow PB; Kuchroo VK; Jennings PA; Cianciolo GJ; Snyderman R EM8601 ID5P01-CA29589-03; 1R23-CA34671-01 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p109-17 MJAntibodies, Neoplasm; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Sarcoma, Experimental; Tissue Extracts MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /IM; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /TH; Cattle; Eye Neoplasms /TH; Hypersensitivity, Delayed /IM; Immunization; Immunotherapy; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Rats; Retroviridae /IM; Sarcoma, Experimental /TH; Viral Proteins /IM MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.3. (Nucleotidases); EC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase); EC 3.1.3.5 (5'-nucleotidase); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium); EC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002888 TIStudies on lymphocyte cell surface in ataxia-telangiectasia. ABLymphocyte surface proteins of patients with ataxia-telangiectasia were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and compared by autoradiography. The patients lacked one of the two main bands (Band I at the origin). The second main band (Band II) was absent in some cases. All patients had one or two additional bands of smaller molecular weight than Band II except one case who had no band detectable. In the patients, alkaline phosphatase, total ATPase and Mg2+. ATPase were increased but 5'-nucleotidase was normal. The results suggest abnormality in the plasma membranes of the patients' lymphocytes. AUOzer NK; Ciliv G; Berkel AI; Sanal O; Yegin O ; Ersoy F EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p118-24 MJAtaxia Telangiectasia; Lymphocytes MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium /BL; Adenosine Triphosphatase /BL; Adolescence; Alkaline Phosphatase /BL; Ataxia Telangiectasia /IM; Autoradiography; Child, Preschool; Child; IgA /AN; IgG /AN; IgM /AN; Lymphocytes /IM; Membrane Proteins /AN; Molecular Weight; Nucleotidases /BL MTFemale; Human; Male RN1191-85-1 (5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid); 363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 53-86-1 (Indomethacin) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002889 TIStrong prostaglandin associated suppression of the proliferation of human maternal lymphocytes by neonatal lymphocytes linked to T versus T cell interactions and differential PGE2 sensitivity. ABLymphocytes from human fetuses and newborns strongly, regularly, and non-specifically suppress the proliferation of PHA stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes. The suppression is prostaglandin (PG)-dependent. Our present investigation clearly indicates that the suppression is associated with neonatal T versus maternal T lymphocyte interactions, independent of monocytes. This was borne out from co-cultures of PHA stimulated maternal and male cord T cells enriched by nylon wool columns (greater than 90% T3+ cells; residual adherent cells ranging between 0 and 0.05%, and sIg+ cells between 0.6 and 3.2%). Sex chromosomes served as markers for dividing cord (male) or maternal cells. Each of three separate PG synthetase inhibitors introduced into the co-cultures-indomethacin 28 microM, 5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) 33 microM, or Naprosyn 217 microM--decreased the suppression of the maternal T cells by a maximum of 65%, indicating the importance of PG for the suppression. Moreover, exogenous PGE2 ranging between 1.4 X 10(-5) and 1.4 X 10(-9) M strongly suppressed the proliferation of PHA stimulated maternal T cells (ranging between 62 and 26%) but left the proliferation of cord T cells virtually unchanged. This difference offers one explanation for the strong and invariable suppression of adult lymphocytes by fetal/neonatal lymphocytes. The suppression might be of importance for prohibiting rejection of the placenta by maternal lymphocytes. AUPapadogiannakis N; Johnsen SA; Olding LB EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p125-34 MJLymphocyte Transformation; Prostaglandins E, Synthetic; Prostaglandins E; T Lymphocytes /IM MN5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid /PD; Arachidonic Acids /AI; Fetal Blood /IM; Indomethacin /PD; Infant, Newborn; Monocytes /IM; Pregnancy; Suppressor Cells /IM; T Lymphocytes /DE MTFemale; Human; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN83-43-2 (Methylprednisolone) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002890 TIA cellular abnormality in glucocorticoid resistant asthma. ABPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from asthmatic patients were cultured in soft agar with or without the synthetic glucocorticoid methylprednisolone (MP). The resulting colonies consisted mostly of T lymphocytes but included monocytes, often in a central position. Colony growth from patients whose asthma had responded satisfactorily to glucocorticoid medication was inhibited by MP in vitro at concentrations as low as 10(-9) M, and the ratio of helper to suppressor/cytotoxic T cells was reduced relative to untreated cultures. In contrast, patients shown to be resistant to the therapeutic effects of glucocorticoids yield colonies which differed little in number, size or constituent phenotype, whether untreated or exposed to MP at concentrations as high as 10(-8) M. Higher concentrations inhibited colony growth from both types of patient. Hybrid colonies were generated from partially purified cells from pairs of patients: monocytes from one member and lymphocytes from the other. The steroid sensitivity of these colonies was found to be dependent upon the source of the monocytes and not the lymphocytes. The results support the view that, in glucocorticoid resistant asthma, there is a defect in monocyte responsiveness to the hormone. This defect could explain the poor therapeutic effect of glucocorticoids in these patients. The results suggest that monocyte factors may be of importance in the pathogenesis of asthma in general. AUPoznansky MC; Gordon AC; Grant IW; Wyllie AH EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p135-42 MJAsthma /IM; Methylprednisolone; Monocytes; T Lymphocytes MNAsthma /DT; Clone Cells /DE; Drug Resistance; Hybrid Cells /DE; Leukocyte Count; Methylprednisolone /TU; Phenotype MTHuman; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN21645-51-2 (Aluminum Hydroxide) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002891 TIModulation of the human immune response by the non-toxic and non-pyrogenic adjuvant aluminium hydroxide: effect on antigen uptake and antigen presentation. ABThe regulatory effects of an adjuvant (aluminium hydroxide) on the early phase of the immune response have been investigated. Adsorbing a soluble antigen (tetanus toxoid) to aluminium hydroxide led to a significant increase (P less than 0.001) in antigen-induced T-cell proliferation (macrophage-T-cell interaction, MTI) making aluminium hydroxide-adsorbed antigens especially suitable to study immunoregulatory changes in the early phase of the immune response. First studies revealed that this increase was due to an enhancement of antigen uptake by the antigen-presenting cell. However, under conditions allowing for the uptake of comparable amounts of soluble (TTs) or aluminium hydroxide-absorbed (TTAL) antigen, T-cell proliferation in response to TTAL was still higher than in response to TTS. This difference was especially pronounced if suboptimal antigen concentrations were used and could be explained by differences in the TTS-versus TTAL-induced release of interleukin-1 (IL-1). Pulsing with TTAL led to a substantial increase in IL-1 release by monocytes (MO) which then subsequently augmented antigen-induced T-cell proliferation. This was further supported by addition of exogenous IL-1 to cultures of T cells and TTS-pulsed MOs, which also significantly increased the T cells' proliferative response. These findings demonstrate that in the early phase of the immune response, aluminium hydroxide exerts its regulatory effect at the level of the antigen-presenting and mediator-releasing accessory cell. AUMannhalter JW; Neychev HO; Zlabinger GJ; Ahmad R; Eibl MM EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p143-51 MJAdjuvants, Immunologic; Aluminum Hydroxide; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Tetanus Toxoid MNCell Division /DE; Interleukin 1 /BI; Macrophages /IM; Monocytes /IM; T Lymphocytes /IM; Time Factors MTHuman; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002892 TIFollow-up of antibodies against single-stranded DNA in patients with haematological malignancies. ABAntibodies against single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) were followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in weekly serum samples of 39 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), 11 with acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL) and 26 with other haematological malignancies. Their frequency and mean level during the entire follow-up were higher than in sera of healthy blood donors. Patients with AML had the highest levels and prevalence of anti-ssDNA antibodies, i.e. overall frequencies of IgG class antibodies in patients with AML, ALL and other haematological malignancies were 97%, 82% and 58%, respectively. Antibodies of IgM class were less frequently found. Prevalence and levels of anti-ssDNA antibodies were already at least as high in newly diagnosed malignancies as later during the course of the disease. Following bacterial septicaemias, these antibodies were significantly low. No consistent correlations between levels of anti-Candida antibodies formed in response to fungal infections or concentrations of serum immunoglobulins and anti-ssDNA antibodies were found. AUKostiala AA; Gripenberg M; Elonen E; Gripenberg G; Kostiala I EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p15-23 MJAntinuclear Factors; DNA, Single-Stranded; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic; Leukemia, Myeloblastic MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Fungal /AN; C-Reactive Protein /AN; Candida /IM; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Follow-Up Studies; IgA /AN; IgG /AN; IgM /AN; Lymphoma /IM; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN446-86-6 (Azathioprine) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002893 TIUltrastructural analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in renal allograft recipients. ABRenal transplanted patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoids (GC) and azathioprine show in the peripheral blood numerous large mononuclear cells. The origin and the lineage of these cells was not clearly established. In the present study we investigated the surface phenotype and the ultrastructural characteristics of this subset constituted by large mononuclear cells. From peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBL) of allograft recipients, a cell preparation exhaustively depleted of the relatively numerous monocytes was obtained. At ultrastructural examination two main cellular populations were distinguished: the predominant one (congruent to 85%) was constituted by cells with lymphoid morphology while the other (congruent to 15%) showed myeloid appearance. The large lymphoid cells, T4 or T8 positive, did not express Ia molecules on the surface and were morphologically suggestive of cells in an intermediate stage of the cell cycle between resting and activated lymphocytes. The myeloid population was constituted by promyelocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes. Promyelocytes and myelocytes capable of cell division are responsible for the increase of 3H-thymidine incorporation observed in transplanted patient PBL. In conclusion our data suggest that in allograft recipients the immunosuppressive therapy with GC and azathioprine may inhibit the lymphocyte blast transformation and can influence the release of immature myeloid cells responsible for the PBL increased 3H-thymidine incorporation. AUMusiani P; Aiello FB; Citterio F; Maggiano N; Larocca LM; Piantelli M EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p152-9 MJKidney; Lymphocytes /UL MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /IM; Azathioprine /TU; Glucocorticoids /TU; Immunosuppressive Agents /TU; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocyte Transformation; Lymphocytes /IM; Microscopy, Electron; Phenotype; T Lymphocytes /UL MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN11096-37-0 (Transferrin); 9013-90-5 (Lactalbumin) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002895 TIEffect of human colostrum and infant formula on the phagocytic activity of macrophages. I. Resident and stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. ABPhagocytosis and degradation of radiolabelled human transferrin-anti-transferrin immune complexes by resident and stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages was inhibited by liquid infant formula, particularly in the case of resident cells. Mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to infant formula were shown by immunofluorescence to bind casein and beta-lactoglobulin, but there was little binding of alpha-lactalbumin. Comparison of various artificial milks, cow's milk and purified casein indicated that both the concentration and the degree of denaturation of casein may be important in the impairment of macrophage function by milk. It is suggested that bottle feeding of infants might result in impairment of macrophage function in the small intestine. AUHughes A; Brock JH; Parrott DM; Cockburn F EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p169-75 MJColostrum; Infant Food; Macrophages; Phagocytosis MNAntigen-Antibody Complex /ME; Caseins /PD; Lactalbumin /ME; Lactoglobulins /ME; Mice; Protein Denaturation; Transferrin /IM MTAnimal; Female; Human; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (complement 3 receptor) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002896 TIInteraction of complement solubilized complexes with mouse peritoneal macrophages and their clearance and tissue uptake. ABTo clarify the biological activity of complement solubilized immune complexes, we studied their interaction with mouse peritoneal macrophages. The solubilized complexes lost their binding affinity for C3b receptor and Fc receptor but still bound to MPM mainly via the C3bi receptor (CR3). When solubilized immune complexes were injected into mice, they were more rapidly removed from the circulation than antigen excess soluble complexes and taken up by the liver Kupffer cells. Therefore, the solubilized complexes could be catabolized by the reticuloendothelial system, mainly in the liver. Probably, CR3 plays an important role in this process. AUTakahashi N; Fujita T; Takata Y; Tamura N EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p176-82 MJAntigen-Antibody Complex; Macrophages MNAntibodies /IM; Liver /ME; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Phagocytosis; Receptors, Complement /IM /ME; Receptors, Fc /ME; Solubility MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (Cohn fraction II); 57-57-8 (Propiolactone) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002897 TIAssessment of biological activity of immunoglobulin preparations by using opsonized micro-organisms to stimulate neutrophil chemiluminescence. ABWe have used the ability of opsonised bacteria to stimulate luminol enhanced chemiluminescence of human neutrophils to examine the opsonic capabilities of normal and hypogammaglobulinaemic sera for four common bacterial pathogens. Preparations of human immunoglobulin modified for i.v. use have then been compared with unmodified Cohn Fraction II for their effectiveness in improving opsonization when added to antibody deficient sera in vitro. Hypogammaglobulinaemic sera exhibited impaired opsonisation of Haemophilus influenzae, and severely antibody deficient sera also opsonized Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa poorly. The opsonization of these organisms was improved by Cohn Fraction II, and by pH 4 and beta-propionolactone treated immunoglobulins, in descending order of effectiveness. Pepsin digested immunoglobulin was inactive, and in some cases impaired opsonic capacity. The opsonisation of Staphylococcus aureus by hypogammaglobulinaemic sera was near normal, and was not improved by any immunoglobulin. This technique, which assesses biological activity of immunoglobulin, is useful in comparing preparations, and may help to establish appropriate dosage and frequency for intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy. AUMunro CS; Stanley PJ; Cole PJ EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p183-8 MJBacteria; Immunoglobulins; Neutrophils; Opsonins MNAdult; Agammaglobulinemia /IM; Aged; Blood Proteins /PD; Haemophilus Influenzae /IM; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Luminescence; Middle Age; Propiolactone /PD; Pseudomonas Aeruginosa /IM; Staphylococcus aureus /IM; Streptococcus pneumoniae /IM MTFemale; Human; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002898 TIDefective low-density cells of dendritic morphology from the blood of patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia: low immunoglobulin production on stimulation of normal B cells. ABLow-density cells (LDC) of dendritic morphology from the blood of patients with common variable (late-onset) hypogammaglobulinaemia (CVH) did not induce allogeneic immunoglobulin production by normal B cells unlike LDC from normal blood. When LDC from patients were treated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), a lower allogeneic secretion of IgM and IgG was induced in normal B cells than that induced by allogeneic normal LDC treated with PWM. B cells from hypogammaglobulinaemic patients were non-responsive to both normal and patient LDC treated with PWM under all conditions tested. AUFarrant J; Bryant AE; Lever AM; Edwards AJ; Knight SC; Webster AD EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p189-94 MJAgammaglobulinemia; Antigen-Presenting Cells; B Lymphocytes; Immunoglobulins MNCell Count; IgG /BI; IgM /BI; Pokeweed Mitogens /PD; T Lymphocytes /IM MTHuman RN76-03-9 (Trichloroacetic Acid) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002899 TIMRL mice show an age-related impairment of IgG aggregate removal from the circulation. ABThe fate of heat-aggregated human IgG (HAGG) was examined in young and old autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr and MRL-+/+ mice and compared to BALB/c mice of different ages. Following iv injection of [125I] HAGG the older MRL-lpr/lpr and MRL-+/+ mice showed impaired hepatic and splenic uptake of this material. In addition the clearance rate of HAGG was significantly slower in the older MRL-lpr/lpr mice (t1/2 = 50 min) when compared to younger controls (t1/2 = 13 min) although this age-related retardation of clearance was not observed in the MRL-+/+ mice. No difference was seen in the clearance rate or organ uptake studies of the two age groups of BALB/c mice. Catabolic studies using trichloracetic acid suggested that the HAGG was catabolized to smaller fragments with time but not to such a great extent in the older diseased animals, again no age-related difference was seen in the BALB/c mice. Our studies suggest that with age both autoimmune strains of MRL mice show some saturation of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) and that this process is more obvious in the MRL-lpr/lpr mice. MPS saturation may play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease in these mice. AUField M; Brennan FM; Melsom RD; McCarthy D; Mumford P; Maini RN EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p195-202 MJAging; Autoimmune Diseases; IgG; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic MNAntigen-Antibody Complex /ME; Kidney /ME; Liver /ME; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Spleen /ME; Trichloroacetic Acid MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002900 TIThe role of a human antigen specific T8+ cell subset in antigen presentation, helper function and contrasuppression. ABRegulation of the human immune response was studied by sequential separation of subsets of T cells, followed by assessment of their helper and suppressor functions in a series of reconstitution experiments. T8+ lymphocytes were separated by panning on streptococcal antigen (SA) coated plates into T8+ SA-adherent cells (T8+SA+) and T8+ SA-non-adherent cells (T8+SA-). The helper and suppressor functions of the T8+SA+ and T8+SA- cells, reconstituted with T4+ helper cells were then studied by a direct antibody forming cell assay. T4+ cells will not induce helper activity by 1000 ng SA alone but require the accessory function of monocytes (Mo). However, replacing Mo by T8+SA+ cells will elicit a similar helper activity by T4+ cells and SA as that induced by Mo. In addition to the antigen-specific presentation and induction of helper activity, the T8+SA+ subset displays the properties of antigen-specific contrasuppressor cells. Thus, reconstitution of T4+ cells and T8+SA- (suppressor cells) with T8+SA+ and 1000 ng SA induces helper and no suppressor activity. Substitution of Mo for the T8+SA+ cells converts the helper to a predominantly suppressor-cell function. T8+SA- cells elicit suppression with 1 ng SA in the absence of accessory cells and reconstitution with Mo, T8+SA+ or T4+ cells failed to affect the suppressor activity. Total reconstitution of the four principle subsets of T4+, T8+SA+, T8+SA- cells and Mo elicited similar antigen dose-dependent responses as those of the unseparated mononuclear cells. It seems that all four cell subsets are required for optimal immunoregulation. We suggest that the T8+SA+ can present antigen to T4+ helper cells and induce helper activity, but in addition these cells can prevent the suppressor subset of T8+ cells from inhibiting T4+ helper cells and function as contrasuppressor cells. The mechanism of these functions is not known but HLA class II antigens might play an essential role in antigen binding, presentation and contrasuppression of the T8+SA+ cells, as the latter are significantly enriched in Ia+ cells. AULehner T; Avery J; Jones T EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p203-13 MJAntibody Formation; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Helper Cells; Suppressor Cells; T Lymphocytes /IM MNAntigenic Determinants; Antigens, Bacterial /IM; Cell Adhesion; Cell Separation; Monocytes /IM; Streptococcus /IM; T Lymphocytes /CL MTHuman; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002901 TIImmune function and survival in pleural mesothelioma [letter] AULaw MR; Smith MJ; Millband C; Haslam PL; Hodson ME EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p214-5 MJMesothelioma; Pleural Neoplasms MNAdult; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocyte Transformation; Middle Age; Prognosis MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002902 TIReport of the British Society for Immunology Working Party on Clinical Immunology: 1984. Guidelines for training the physician immunologist. AUReeves WG; Pinching AJ; Carswell F; Roitt IM; Dick H; Sanderson AR; Haeney MR; Thompson RA; Lehner T; Wallington TB; et al EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p216-8 MJAllergy and Immunology; Education, Medical, Graduate MNGreat Britain RN128-09-6 (N-chlorosuccinimide) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002903 TIHuman vimentin autoantibodies preferentially interact with a peptide of 30kD mol. wt, located close to the amino-terminal of the molecule. ABPatients of some rheumatic autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus have in their sera autoantibodies to vimentin, the main protein of intermediate sized filaments of the cytoskeleton of connective tissue cells. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting techniques have been used to detect the interaction between human anti-vimentin autoantibodies and the two peptides that resulted from the cleavage of vimentin by N-chlorosuccinimide. Both methods and also immunoabsorption of sera with the isolated peptides suggest that the interaction of vimentin and immunoglobulins is mainly carried out through a peptide of 30kD mol. wt located close to the amino-terminal part of the vimentin molecule. The same results were obtained when a serum from a rabbit immunized with human vimentin was used. AUAlcover A; Hernandez C ; Avila J EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p24-30 MJAutoantibodies; Peptide Fragments; Vimentin MNAntigen-Antibody Reactions; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic /IM; Molecular Weight; Rabbits; Succinimides /PD MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002904 TIIn vitro T-cell dependent B-cell activity in myasthenia gravis. ABThe in vitro T-cell dependent B-cell activity was analysed in 34 patients with myasthenia gravis and in 16 controls by culturing 1 X 10(6) peripheral blood lymphocytes for 8 days with or without pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and measuring the amounts of IgG and IgM released into the culture supernatant. Increased production of IgG in the unstimulated cultures was found in 20 patients, 8 of whom also produced increased amounts of IgM. Upon PWM stimulation the patients produced normal amounts of IgG. The IgM production, however, was decreased in the patient population compared to the controls. Only one of the controls produced more IgG than IgM, either unstimulated or during PWM stimulation. In contrast 10 patients produced more IgG than IgM in the unstimulated cultures and 15 patients did so during PWM stimulation. The 'spontaneous' production of immunoglobulins was not measurable before 4 days of culture and was not the result of in vivo activated B-cells. We suggest that the increased 'spontaneous' immunoglobulin production and the decreased production of IgM during PWM stimulation may be a result of abnormal T-cell activity. The abnormalities found were not related to disease activity, the presence of multiple autoantibodies in the serum, steroid therapy or previous thymectomy. Besides these abnormalities, patients not treated with immunosuppressive drugs also showed decreased PWM induced IgG synthesis. AULimburg PC; Hummel-Tappel E; Oosterhuis HJ; The TH EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p31-8 MJB Lymphocytes; Myasthenia Gravis; T Lymphocytes MNAdult; Aged; Autoantibodies /AN; IgG /BI; IgM /BI; Immunosuppressive Agents /TU; Kinetics; Lymphocyte Transformation; Middle Age; Myasthenia Gravis /TH; Pokeweed Mitogens /PD; Thymectomy; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002905 TIAbsence of autoimmune serological reactions in chronic non A, non B viral hepatitis. ABIn 18 cases of chronic liver disease due to non-A, non-B hepatitis virus(es) in which the diagnosis was established by transmission, including chimpanzee inoculation in nine, sera were tested for the autoantibodies characteristically associated with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. The frequency of autoantibodies to nuclear, smooth muscle, cytofilament, mitochondrial and liver membrane antigens was low, being not greater than that recorded for a normal population, and the few positive reactions obtained were at very low titre. These findings suggest that among cases of 'HBsAg negative' chronic hepatitis, those due to NANB infection are distinguishable from those due to autoimmune chronic hepatitis by negative serological tests for autoantibodies. AUMackay IR; Frazer IH; Toh BH; Pedersen JS; Alter HJ EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p39-43 MJAutoantibodies; Hepatitis, Viral, Human; Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B MNActins /IM; Antinuclear Factors /AN; Chimpansee troglodytes; Chronic Disease; Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B /TM; Intermediate Filaments /IM; Liver /IM; Muscle, Smooth /IM MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7439-93-2 (Lithium); 7447-41-8 (lithium chloride); 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin); 9010-34-8 (Thyroglobulin) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002907 TIThe influence of lithium chloride on experimental autoimmune thyroid disease. ABLithium administration is known to be associated with the development of thyroid dysfunction; it also exerts an effect on the immune system. The effect of lithium on experimental autoimmune thyroid disease was studied in female August rats. Following immunization with rat thyroglobulin in Freund's complete adjuvant, lithium chloride was administered i.p. for 30 days to four groups at varying stages of the disease. Control animals received i.p. saline. Anti-thyroglobulin antibody levels (measured by ELISA) were significantly increased in rats given lithium immediately post-immunization (group B) compared to control animals (661 +/- 42 OD vs 448 +/- 68; mean +/- s.e., P less than 0.02). In contrast, animals which received lithium during the spontaneous resolution of the disease (group D) showed a significant fall in anti-TG antibody compared to controls (99 +/- 15 vs 27 +/- 15; P less than 0.001). Anti-TG antibody levels remained undetectable in animals which received lithium but were not immunized. The splenic T cell blastogenic response (as measured following phytohaemagglutinin stimulation) was significantly increased in rats receiving lithium prior to and during immunization (group A) (stimulation index 63.4 +/- 6.9 vs 10.2 +/- 2.4; P less than 0.001). Spontaneous cell proliferation of splenic lymphocytes was decreased in two lithium treated groups (group A P less than 0.005, group C P less than 0.05). There was no alteration in splenic weight or the degree of thyroid lymphocytic infiltration in any of the treated group. Lithium exerted both positive and negative influences on the immune system in rats immunized with thyroglobulin in adjuvant but did not induce autoantibody production in normal rats. AUHassman RA; Lazarus JH; Dieguez C; Weetman AP; Hall R; McGregor AM EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p49-57 MJAutoimmune Diseases; Chlorides; Lithium; Thyroid Diseases MNAutoantibodies /BI; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocyte Transformation /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; T Lymphocytes /IM; Thyroglobulin /IM; Thyrotropin /BL MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN54-05-7 (Chloroquine) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002909 TIAcute malaria prolongs susceptibility of mice to Plasmodium berghei sporozoite infection. ABThe fate of immune response against sporozoite stage in malaria infection was investigated. Two groups (A and B) of mice were inoculated twice with infective sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei. The mice in group A were maintained on chloroquine prophylaxis to prevent the sporozoite infection from causing malaria. Group B animals on the other hand were allowed to develop acute malaria from the infection which was subsequently cured with chloroquine. Upon examination for stage specific immune responses, it was found that the animals in group A produced high antibody titres against sporozoites and none against erythrocytic stages. The mice in group B produced little anti-sporozoite antibodies but had high antibody titres against blood forms. Challenge infection with P. berghei sporozoites showed that group A animals had become resistant against sporozoite-induced parasitaemia, whereas the mice in group B remained susceptible. The possible significance of suppression of protective immunity by malaria in host-parasite relationship is discussed. AUOrjih AU EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p67-71 MJMalaria /IM MNAntibody Formation; Chloroquine /TU; Host-Parasite Relations; Immune Tolerance; Malaria /DT /PS; Mice, Inbred A; Mice; Plasmodium Berghei /IM /PY; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002910 TIMaintenance of cytomegalovirus (CMV) latency and host immune responses of long term renal allograft survivors. II. Secondary CMV infections associated with impaired in vitro proliferative responses to mitogens, allogeneic lymphocytes and CMV infected cells. ABThe relationship between secondary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections and host general cellular immunocompetence was investigated in 16 renal allograft recipients with minimal immunosuppressive treatment and excellent renal function. Results were compared with 19 CMV seropositive healthy controls. Significantly impaired immune responses were detected in the subgroup of nine recipients who experience at least 2 years before a secondary CMV infection. Their in vitro lymphocyte reactivity (LR) tests to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA, P = 0.01), pokeweed mitogen (PWM, P less than 0.05), microbial antigens (P less than 0.001) and to pooled allogeneic stimulator lymphocytes in the MLC test (P = 0.02) were lower than the controls. The MLC responses, however, increased with graft survival time (r = 0.8810, P = 0.01). This was positively correlated with the virus specific cellular immunity measurable by the LR responses to CMV infected target cells (r = 0.8333, P = 0.02). In contrast, long term renal allograft survivors who maintained their CMV infection in latency after transplantation (n = 7) showed normal responses to PWM, pooled lymphocytes and CMV infected target cells, whereas the responses to PHA and to bacterial antigens were less severely impaired (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001, respectively). This study of long term renal allograft survivors shows that a secondary CMV infection has a long lasting negative effect on immunity especially against alloantigens and CMV infected targets. However, in the data presented here it would be as acceptable to suggest that the patients are consistently relapsing with CMV because they initially had poor immune response and not vice versa. AURoenhorst HW; Beelen JM; Middeldorp JM; Schirm J; Tegzess AM; The TH EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p72-9 MJCytomegalic Inclusion Disease; Immunocompetence; Kidney; Lymphocyte Transformation MNAntigens /IM; Cytomegaloviruses /IM; Graft Survival; Immunity, Cellular; Leukocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Lymphocytes /IM; Mitogens /PD MTHuman; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002911 TICytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific lysis of CMV-infected target cells can be mediated by both NK-like and virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. ABThe host response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) involves both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Because virus-specific cytotoxicity appears to be associated with recovery from CMV infection, we have investigated spontaneous (NK) and cytotoxic T cell (Tc) activity against CMV-infected target cells in normal donors and infants with active CMV infection. Fresh mononuclear cells from seropositive donors expressed low-level, non-MHC-restricted cytotoxic activity that preferentially lysed CMV-infected but not uninfected autologous and allogeneic fibroblasts. No cytotoxic activity was observed when mononuclear cells from seronegative donors were studied. Mononuclear cells from infants with active CMV infection and mononuclear cells from seropositive adults that were pre-incubated with cell-free CMV antigen in bulk culture for 6 days had enhanced cytotoxic activity against CMV-infected target cells sharing one or more class I MHC determinants with the effector cell populations. Selective enrichment or depletion experiments were performed to characterize the effector cell populations involved in the augmented cytotoxic response following in vitro induction with CMV antigen. Purified E-rosette-forming cells expressed increased cytotoxic activity against both virus-infected fibroblasts and the NK target cell, K562. Depletion experiments with monoclonal antibodies and complement indicated that the CMV-specific cytotoxic response involves both an E-rosette-positive, T8+, M1- T-cell subset that most likely represents CMV-specific Tc, and an NK population that can be induced to differentiate by in vitro stimulation with CMV antigen following quantitative NK-cell depletion with monoclonal antibody, B73.1. AUGehrz RC; Rutzick SR EM8601 IDHD-12342; HD-16173 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p80-9 MJCytomegalic Inclusion Disease /IM; Cytomegaloviruses; Killer Cells, Natural; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic MNAdult; Antibodies, Monoclonal /IM; Antibodies, Viral /AN; Antigens, Viral /IM; Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease /CN; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Infant, Newborn; Lymphocyte Transformation; Rosette Formation MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN24937-83-5 (Poly A) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002912 TIMonoclonal anti-poly(rA) hybridoma antibodies from an autoimmune MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mouse. ABThree B cell hybridomas were produced by the fusion of spleen cells from a 5 month old MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mouse with the myeloma cell line, NS-1. By competitive inhibition, all three monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) were specific for poly(rA) and were inhibited to a lesser extent by dDNA, nDNA, poly(rI) and poly(rC). Moreover, the three MoAb were not inhibited by mononucleosides and the nucleotide, ATP. Competitive inhibition, using poly(rA) of defined lengths, showed that the recognition site among the MoAb varied, one demonstrating binding of poly(rA) as small as two bases in length. This study suggests that the spontaneous autoimmune repertoire to poly(rA) is restricted as compared to other monoclonal autoantibodies to nucleic acids, but contains within itself microheterogeneity. AUDang H; Fischbach M; Erdos M; Talal N EM8601 IDAM30487 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p9-14 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Autoantibodies; Poly A MNAntigenic Determinants; Antinuclear Factors /IM; Binding Sites, Antibody; Binding, Competitive; Hybridomas /IM; IgG /IM; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Radioimmunoassay MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002913 TIInterference of hepatitis B virus surface antigen with natural killer cell function. ABThe influence of purified hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) preparations or of supernatants derived from PLC/PRF/5 cell line (which produces HBsAg) on human natural killer (NK) activity was examined. Lymphocytes pre-incubated with HBsAg and subsequently washed showed a significant decrease in NK cytotoxicity against K-562 target cells. This effect was reversible and dose-dependent. In addition, pre-incubation with either HBsAg or PLC/PRF/5 supernatants inhibited in a reversible manner lymphocyte--K-562 conjugates and the binding of B73.1 monoclonal antibody (MoAb), which recognizes Fc receptors on NK cells. This effect was not observed with HNK-1, T3, T4, T6, T8 and T11 MoAb. HBsAg was non-toxic to lymphocytes, and ineffective with K-562 target cells. Beta-interferon did not modify HBsAg-mediated inhibition, when added either before or during the contact with HBsAg. Moreover, no modification was observed when neutrophils (at various neutrophil:lymphocyte ratios) were added, even though HBsAg is known to stimulate neutrophils to produce oxygen radicals which may modulate NK activity. We speculate that HBsAg produces these effects by reacting into receptor sites (possibly Fc receptor sites) on NK cell membrane. The overall significance of our results in relation to hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma is discussed. AUde Martino M; Rossi ME; Muccioli AT; Resti M; Vierucci A EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p90-5 MJHepatitis B Surface Antigens; Killer Cells, Natural MNAdult; Antibodies, Monoclonal /IM; Cell Line; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Interferon Type I /PD; Leukocyte Count; Neutrophils /IM; Receptors, Fc /IM MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002914 TISurface markers and cytotoxic activity of blood natural killer cells studied at the single cell level in Hodgkin's disease. ABPurified peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from nine untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD), two HD patients in complete remission and 17 healthy donors were studied for natural killer (NK) cell activity against the K-562 cell line using a single cell cytotoxic assay, which allowed enumeration of effector cells and characterization of their surface membrane phenotypes after staining with monoclonal antibodies. The frequency of NK cells was significantly lower in HD patients than in controls (mean % +/- s.d., 1.9 +/- 0.9 and 2.8 +/- 1.2, respectively), while the fraction of target binding cells was similar in the two groups. The fraction of cytotoxic lymphocytes increased after pre-treatment of PBL with 500 iu leucocyte interferon in all tested control donors (n = 12) and the two patients in remission but only in four of seven untreated patients. No relation between the impaired NK cell frequency and age, tumour histology and clinical stage could be revealed. Subtyping of the target cell binding NK cells by monoclonal antibodies disclosed a marked heterogeneity of effector cells. NK effector cells reactive with M1 and anti-Ia antibodies were enriched while T3+ and T4+ NK lymphocytes tended to be reduced as compared to PBL. There was no difference between patients and healthy donors with regard to the surface antigen patterns of NK cells. Interferon treatment did not alter significantly the phenotypic characteristics of cytotoxic lymphocytes in patients and controls. It is concluded that the impairment of NK cell activity in HD is partly attributed to a lower frequency of cytotoxic effector cells among a normal number of target binding cells. The defect could not be attributed to a selective defect of effector cell subsets. AUJezewska E; Bjorkholm M ; Giscombe R; Holm G; Tullgren O EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Jul 1985, 61(1) p96-102 MJAntigens, Surface; Hodgkin's Disease; Killer Cells, Natural MNAdult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal /IM; Cell Line; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Interferon Type I /PD; Leukocyte Count; Middle Age; Phenotype MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1332-21-4 (Asbestos); 1746-01-6 (Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002915 TIImmunotoxicology. AUMiller K EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p219-23 MJImmunocompetence MNAsbestos /AE; Drug Hypersensitivity; Immune Tolerance /DE; Immunity, Cellular /DE; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes /IM; Immunosuppressive Agents /AE; Lung Neoplasms /CI; Mice; Neoplasms /CI /IM; Polybromobiphenyl Compounds /AE; Rats; T Lymphocytes /IM; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin /AE MCReview MTAnimal; Human RNEC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase); 0 (keyhole-limpet hemocyanin); 103-90-2 (Acetaminophen); 9013-72-3 (Hemocyanin) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002916 TIThe role of metabolism in the immunogenicity of drugs: production of antibodies to a horseradish peroxidase generated conjugate paracetamol. ABThe allergic response to small chemically inert molecules in thought to require their enzymatic conversion to reactive metabolites which are then endowed with the capacity to bind covalently to host proteins and produce immunogenic hapten-carrier conjugates. In contrast to previous studies in which hapten-carrier conjugates have been generated following chemical modification of drugs we have examined the immunogenicity of paracetamol following direct conjugation to carrier proteins with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Highly substituted conjugates of paracetamol with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) were generated using HRP. The KLH conjugate was used to immunize Balb/C mice. IgM and IgG (predominantly IgG1) responses were observed and shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to be hapten-specific. Manipulations of HRP levels permitted substitution of KLH to varying extents with paracetamol. Such conjugates were tested for their ability to induce a hapten-specific immune response. It was determined that substitution of 1 mol of KLH with 700 mol of paracetamol was sufficient to generate an anti-hapten response. These data suggest a mechanism by which protein-non-reactive drugs may be rendered immunogenic and provide a method for demonstrating the presence of serum antibodies reactive with drug metabolites. AUChesham J; Davies GE EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p224-31 MJAcetaminophen; Antibody Formation MNAcetaminophen /ME; Antibody Specificity; Antigenic Determinants /IM; Antigens /IM; Carrier Proteins /IM; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Hemocyanin /IM; Horseradish Peroxidase; IgG /BI; IgM /BI; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Radioimmunoassay; Serum Albumin, Bovine /IM MTAnimal; Male RN97-00-7 (Dinitrochlorobenzene) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002917 TISusceptibility and amplification of sensitivity in contact dermatitis. ABWe have examined the hypothesis that people who develop contact allergies to environmental substances do so because they have heightened susceptibility. Analysis of data from 2200 consecutive patients tested with the 20 commonest antigens in a patch-test clinic showed that more people developed multiple contact allergies than would be predicted from the frequency of single allergies; the excess was too great to be explained by chance and increased with number and rarity of the combinations of sensitizers. The possibility that this was due to enhanced individual susceptibility to sensitization rather than concomitant exposure to several sensitizers was confirmed by showing that patients with multiple allergies are more readily sensitized experimentally, and to a greater degree than normal, by dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), an unrelated antigen. The defect involves induction rather than expression of sensitivity. Amplification of the response to DNCB is proportional to susceptibility (calculated from the ratio of observed prevalence of multiple allergies to that predicted from the prevalence of single allergies) throughout the range from normal subjects, through those with a single sensitivity, to those with rare, multiple allergies. Therefore, we conclude that individual susceptibility is an important factor in the development of contact dermatitis, and occurs by a non-antigen-specific amplification of immune sensitization. AUMoss C; Friedmann PS; Shuster S; Simpson JM EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p232-41 MJDermatitis, Contact MNAdult; Dinitrochlorobenzene /IM; Disease Susceptibility; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Drug Hypersensitivity; Eczema /IM; Middle Age; Patch Tests; Risk MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (mitogenic factor receptor) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002919 TIThe distribution of interleukin-2 receptor bearing lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: evidence for a key role of activated lymphocytes. ABThe identification of T cells in the brain using monoclonal antibodies has suggested a role for T cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study the monoclonal antibody anti-Tac, shown to react with interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors expressed on activated T cells, was used to determine levels of recently activated T cells in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain sections from MS patients at different stages of disease. The CSF of MS patients contained much higher numbers of IL-2 receptor positive lymphocytes (up to 67%) than blood cells from the same patients, or the CSF of patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases. In histological sections of the brain of MS patients with active disease, perivascular lymphocytes expressing IL-2 receptors were detected, as were lymphocytes containing IL-2. In contrast, these were absent in brain sections from patients with chronic MS, secondary demyelination or from normal controls. These observations in CSF and brain suggest that in multiple sclerosis, T-cell activation is occurring within the CNS and not in peripheral lymphoid tissue. AUBellamy AS; Calder VL; Feldmann M; Davison AN EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p248-56 MJMultiple Sclerosis /IM; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Receptors, Immunologic; T Lymphocytes MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /IM; Brain /PA; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocyte Transformation; Multiple Sclerosis /CF /PA MTHuman RN7488-70-2 (Thyroxine); 7553-56-2 (Iodine); 9010-34-8 (Thyroglobulin) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002920 TIThyroid function in mice with experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. ABMice of strains high and low responders to thyroglobulin were immunized with mouse thyroglobulin emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. Groups of mice were killed at weekly intervals and the serum thyroxine concentration was measured with a solid-phase RIA while the titre of thyroglobulin antibodies was determined by passive haemagglutination and the magnitude of thyroid infiltration with mononuclear cells was scored. In other groups of mice, similarly immunized, radioactive iodine uptake was measured at various times after immunization. In almost all mice the lowest level of thyroxine and the lowest radioiodine uptake were observed 2 weeks after immunization. There was no clear relationship between the thyroid function and the titre of thyroglobulin antibodies or the extent of the cellular infiltrates in the thyroid. AUVladutiu AO; Kenney EM EM8601 ID150-9776C SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p257-64 MJAutoimmune Diseases /ME; Thyroid Gland; Thyroiditis /ME MNAutoantibodies /AN; Autoimmune Diseases /IM; Iodine Radioisotopes /DU; Iodine /ME; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Thyroglobulin /IM; Thyroiditis /IM; Thyroxine /BL; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN11028-71-0 (Concanavalin A) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002923 TIT suppressor cell function and number in children with liver disease. ABCon A stimulated suppressor cell function and the proportion of suppressor T cells were reduced in children with untreated chronic active hepatitis (CAH) but were normal in corticosteroid treated CAH patients, patients with severe acute hepatitis and inactive chronic liver disease. Adults with CAH also have defective suppressor function but a normal proportion of T suppressor cells. This difference may account for the observation that relapse after treatment withdrawal is less frequent in children than in adults. AUNouri-Aria KT; Lobo-Yeo A; Vergani D; Mieli-Vergani G; Eddleston AL; Mowat AP EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p283-9 MJLiver Diseases; Suppressor Cells MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Concanavalin A /PD; Helper Cells /IM; Hemolytic Plaque Technic; Hepatitis, Chronic Active /IM; Hepatitis /IM; IgG /BI; IgM /BI; Leukocyte Count; Pokeweed Mitogens /PD; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic /IM MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-24-8 (Prednisolone) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002924 TIIgG production in 'autoimmune' chronic active hepatitis. Effect of prednisolone on T and B lymphocyte function. ABIn vitro IgG production was measured using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (CAH) to determine whether the increased serum IgG levels were related to abnormalities of T or B lymphocyte function. A marked increase in spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen-induced proliferation of IgG producing cells was observed in 30 patients with untreated autoimmune CAH when compared with 25 normal subjects and 21 patients with autoimmune disease in whom a remission had been induced and maintained by prednisolone (P less than 0.01). Co-culture experiments clearly demonstrated that abnormalities of T lymphocyte function in untreated autoimmune CAH were responsible for the heightened IgG production in vitro. Pre-incubation of T lymphocytes from untreated patients with 5 X 10(-8)M prednisolone significantly reduced the number of cells producing IgG (P less than 0.05), suggesting that the modulation of the immune response following corticosteroid therapy is likely to be due to an alteration in T lymphocyte function. AUNouri-Aria KT; Hegarty JE; Alexander GJ; Eddleston AL; Williams R EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p290-6 MJAutoimmune Diseases; B Lymphocytes /IM; Hepatitis, Chronic Active; IgG; Prednisolone; T Lymphocytes /IM MNAdult; Aged; B Lymphocytes /DE; Cells, Cultured; Leukocyte Count; Middle Age; T Lymphocytes /DE MTFemale; Human; Male RN11028-71-0 (Concanavalin A) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002925 TIIn vitro studies on the mechanism of increased serum IgM levels in primary biliary cirrhosis. ABTo evaluate the mechanisms underlying the increase in serum IgM in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) studies were designed to examine IgM production in vitro and to assess the relative contribution of intrinsic B cell activity and immunoregulatory T cell balance to IgM synthesis. The number of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) producing IgM (spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated) at the end of a seven day culture period was similar in PBC patients and control subjects while the amount of IgM synthesized (spontaneous and PWM stimulated) during this period was significantly greater in the patient group, implying that the amount of IgM produced per B cell was increased in PBC. Co-culture of autologous and allogeneic T and B lymphocytes and irradiation of T lymphocytes from patients and normal subjects clearly implicated abnormal suppressor T cell function, rather than autonomous B cell hyperactivity, as the cause of the increased IgM synthesis. Direct studies of T cell function indicated that although concanavalin A (Con A) activated suppressor cells inhibited proliferation of IgM producing B cells in the majority of PBC patients, they were unable to inhibit IgM synthesis. The demonstration of a disparity between IgM synthesis and the proliferation of IgM-producing B cells, together with the observation that the abnormality of T cell function is largely confined to the control of IgM secretion, is consistent with the presence of at least two different suppressor subpopulations regulating IgM production. In PBC the main suppressor cell abnormality seems to affect regulation of IgM secretion rather than B cell proliferation. AUNouri-Aria KT; Hegarty JE; Neuberger J; Eddleston AL; Williams R EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p297-304 MJIgM; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary MNB Lymphocytes /IM; Cells, Cultured; Concanavalin A /PD; IgG /BI; Mitosis; Suppressor Cells /IM; T Lymphocytes /IM MTHuman IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002926 TIA human autoantibody to peroxisomes. ABA complement fixing, non-organ specific IgG autoantibody is described in 29 patients. The autoantibody gives a highly characteristic, granular staining of liver cells, proximal kidney tubules and stomach surface epithelium. By studies with various subcellular fractions from rat liver, employing two different techniques (quantitative complement fixation, and absorption combined with indirect immunofluorescence) the autoantibody was shown to react with a peroxisomal antigen. No convincing clinical correlations were found. AUHolm R; Gaarder PI; Helgeland L; Falkenhaug EI EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p305-14 MJAutoantibodies; IgG; Microbodies MNComplement Fixation Tests; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Gastric Mucosa /IM; Kidney Tubules /IM; Liver /IM; Mice; Microsomes /IM; Middle Age; Subcellular Fractions /IM MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male RN58-15-1 (Aminopyrine); 9008-12-2 (Intrinsic Factor) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002927 TISerum from patients with pernicious anaemia blocks gastrin stimulation of acid secretion by parietal cells. ABWe examined 51 sera from patients with pernicious anaemia for their capacity to block maximal gastrin stimulation of acid secretion by isolated rodent gastric parietal cells. 14C-aminopyrine accumulation was used as the index of acid secretion in vitro. Sera from patients with pernicious anaemia gave significantly (P less than 0.005) more block of maximal gastrin stimulation of acid secretion (61.7 +/- 37.8%) than sera from 10 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (19.6 +/- 17.7%), 10 with scleroderma (34.2 +/- 22.3%), five with rheumatoid arthritis (22.4 +/- 15.6%) or 30 from healthy persons (27.4 +/- 12.8%). Maximal histamine stimulation of acid secretion was not inhibited. The blocking factor was present in serum IgG fractions, and serum and IgG fractions gave parallel dose-response and dilution curves. The serum block was abolished by absorption with gastric mucosal cells and correlated with the presence of parietal cell surface autoantibody. We conclude that serum immunoglobulin in pernicious anaemia can block gastrin stimulation of acid secretion and suggest that this block may be mediated by competition with gastrin for surface receptors on parietal cells. AUde Aizpurua HJ; Ungar B; Toh BH EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p315-22 MJAnemia, Pernicious; Gastric Acid; Gastrins; IgG; Parietal Cells, Gastric /SE MNAdult; Aged; Aminopyrine /ME; Arthritis, Rheumatoid /IM; Autoantibodies /IM; Binding, Competitive; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Intrinsic Factor /IM; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic /IM; Middle Age; Parietal Cells, Gastric /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Scleroderma, Systemic /IM MTAnimal; Female; Human; In Vitro; Male RN11096-37-0 (Transferrin); 9006-59-1 (Ovalbumin); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002928 TICommon epitopes between mycobacterial and certain host tissue antigens. ABMonoclonal antibodies (MoAb) produced against a sonicated antigen extract of Mycobacterium bovis were examined for their ability to bind to 10 common tissue antigens. The binding patterns of MoAb MB2, MB3, MB7, MB11 and MB13 indicated that each recognized different epitopes. MoAb MB5 and MB17 failed to bind to any of the tissue antigens. MB3 reacted strongly with normal tissue from M. bovis infected guinea pigs and ferrets but there was no reaction with MB5 and MB17. These specificities were confirmed by reciprocal absorption experiments. It is concluded that Mycobacterium species contain epitopes that are also present in host tissue antigens. AUThorns CJ; Morris JA EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p323-8 MJAntigenic Determinants; Antigens, Bacterial; Mycobacterium Bovis MNAlpha Fetoproteins /IM; Antibodies, Monoclonal /IM; Antibody Specificity; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens /IM; Cross Reactions; DNA /IM; Ferrets; Guinea Pigs; Mice; Ovalbumin /IM; Transferrin /IM MTAnimal RN0 (amyloid P component); 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002929 TIInappropriate responses to Mycobacterium leprae infections--C reactive protein in man and serum amyloid P in mice. ABIn a study of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the sera of 77 patients with leprosy, it was found that in the majority of newly diagnosed patients, the level was within the normal range for a healthy Malaysian population. Elevated levels did occur, but were usually found in patients with complications, and were more likely to occur in patients who had been receiving drug treatment for some time. This suggested that Mycobacterium leprae infection by itself does not stimulate CRP synthesis and could reflect a failure of synthesis by macrophages of interleukin-1, or related molecules. This was supported by the study of an analogous acute phase protein, serum amyloid P (SAP) in mice bearing M. leprae from human sources in their hind footpads. Such mice showed no significant difference in SAP levels from control mice. AUThompson RA; Sukumaran KD; Rajagopalan K EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p329-35 MJAmyloid; C-Reactive Protein; Leprosy MNErythema Nodosum /CO; Leprosy /CO; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary /CO MTAnimal; Human IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002930 TIAdoptive cell transfer of resistance to Mycobacterium leprae infections in mice. ABCells were transferred from mice intradermally vaccinated with killed Mycobacterium leprae to sublethally irradiated recipients. Unseparated cells from lymph nodes or spleens of M. leprae vaccinated mice were found to cause significant inhibition of the growth of a subsequent M. leprae challenge in mouse footpads for up to 26 weeks after vaccination. Vaccination with live BCG and cells transferred from BCG-vaccinated mice caused no significant inhibition of M. leprae growth in mouse footpads. Cell separation into fractions containing predominantly B and T lymphocytes showed that the inhibition of growth was due to M. leprae-sensitized T lymphocytes. M. leprae vaccinated mice were also skin tested with soluble M. leprae antigen and showed maximum delayed hypersensitivity responses 4 weeks after vaccination. AULowe C; Brett SJ; Rees RJ EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p336-42 MJImmunization, Passive; Leprosy MNB Lymphocytes /IM; BCG Vaccine; Hindlimb /PA; Hypersensitivity, Delayed /IM /PA; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice; T Lymphocytes /IM; Time Factors; Vaccination MTAnimal IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002931 TIHuman and mouse sera recognize the same polypeptide associated with immunological resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi infection. ABEffective immunological resistance to challenge with trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi has been linked to antibodies which are specific for determinants on live, but not fixed, trypomastigotes. In man and mouse, these antibodies can be detected specifically by viable immunofluorescence (VIF) and complement mediated lysis (CML) assays. VIF/CML positive sera from chagasic patients or experimentally infected mice recognize the same trypomastigote specific surface polypeptides of apparent Mr 70-160 kDa. VIF/CML negative chagasic sera fail to react with polypeptides of Mr 120, 145 and 160 kDa, whereas negative mouse sera lack antibodies to the 160 kDa component alone. Taken together, these clinical and experimental data suggest that the 160 kDa polypeptide should be tested for its potential in immunoprophylaxis. AUMartins MS; Hudson L; Krettli AU; Cancado JR ; Brener Z EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p343-50 MJAntigens, Protozoan; Peptides; Trypanosomiasis, South American MNAntigenic Determinants /IM; Complement Fixation Tests; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Molecular Weight MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002932 TIDevelopment of cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in the respiratory tract after experimental infection with respiratory syncytial virus. ABThe development of natural killer cell and other antibody-independent cellular cytotoxic response to RSV were studied in splenic and pulmonary mononuclear effector cells obtained from groups of 6-week-old cotton rats after subcutaneous (SC) or intranasal (IN) immunization with live virulent or ultra-violet (UV) inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). No virus-induced cytotoxic activity was observed after SC immunization with live virus or IN inoculation of inactivated non-infectious virus. On the other hand significant cytotoxic activity was observed after IN infection with live RSV. The peak responses appeared on day 4 in the pulmonary cells and on day 7 in the splenic mononuclear cells. These cytotoxic activities declined to baseline levels 10 and 15 days after immunization in pulmonary and splenic cells respectively. In addition, the amount of 51Cr released was significantly reduced when unlabelled 'cold' HEp-2 cells were added to 51Cr-labelled RSV-infected CRF target cells and vice versa in the cytotoxic assay. It is suggested that viral replication at the mucosal site is essential for the induction of local as well as systemic cytotoxic activity following RSV infection. The development of such cellular reactivity may be important in the elimination of RSV following human infection. AUKumagai T; Wong DT; Ogra PL EM8601 IDAI15939; HD15943 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p351-9 MJCytotoxicity, Immunologic; Lung; Paramyxovirus Infections MNAntibodies, Viral /AN; Cell Count; Cricetidae; Fibroblasts /IM; IgG /BI; IgM /BI; Killer Cells, Natural /IM; Lung /MI; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses /IP; Spleen /IM; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN11028-71-0 (Concanavalin A); 58-55-9 (Theophylline); 64-86-8 (Colchicine) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002933 TIEffect of in vitro colchicine and oral theophylline on suppressor cell function of asthmatic patients. ABExtrinsic asthmatic patients have been reported to have a deficiency of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor cell function. We tested whether in vitro colchicine and oral theophylline can correct this immunoregulatory abnormality. Asthmatic patients' mononuclear cells were incubated with Con A and/or colchicine and then suppression of proliferation was measured by coculture of these cells with healthy volunteers' mononuclear cells and phytohaemagglutinin. The Con A induced suppressor cell function of 29 theophylline treated patients (26 +/- 16%, mean +/- s.d.) was significantly (P less than 0.002) increased as compared to 21 untreated patients (12 +/- 10%) but significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased as compared to 45 healthy volunteers (39 +/- 17%). A pharmacological concentration (10(-8) M) of colchicine had no significant effect on Con A-induced suppressor cell function of 19 untreated patients (from 12 +/- 9% to 9 +/- 22%) but significantly (P less than 0.05) increased Con A-induced suppressor cell function of 20 theophylline treated patients (from 26 +/- 17% to 36 +/- 19%). Thus asthmatic patients have decreased Con A-induced suppressor cell function which is partially corrected by oral theophylline and almost completely corrected by oral theophylline plus in vitro colchicine. This synergistic effect raises the possibility that oral colchicine together with theophylline may be useful in treating patients with extrinsic asthma. AUIlfeld D; Kivity S; Feierman E; Topilsky M; Kuperman O EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p360-7 MJAsthma /IM; Colchicine; Suppressor Cells /IM; Theophylline MNAdolescence; Adult; Asthma /DT; Cells, Cultured; Concanavalin A /PD; Middle Age; Mitosis /DE; Suppressor Cells /DE; Theophylline /TU MTFemale; Human; Male RN9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002934 TISuppression of collagen type II-induced arthritis by transfer of lymphoid cells from rats immunized with collagen. ABRats were immunized with type II collagen to induce polyarthritis. Spleen and lymph node cells were taken at various times and transferred to normal syngeneic animals. Disease was not observed in recipients of cells taken from donors either during the pre-clinical phase or the acute clinical phase of the disease. However, arthritis could not be induced in the recipient animals that had received cells taken from donors during the preclinical phase. Animals receiving cells from donors with clinical disease appeared to have a normal susceptibility to disease induced subsequently. In contrast with the differences in their susceptibility to induced disease, all recipient animals made unmodified antibody responses to a challenging injection of type II collagen. The results showed that before the appearance of clinical disease in CII immunized rats, there were cells in the spleen and lymph nodes that inhibit the development of disease but not antibody responses. AUBurrai I; Henderson B; Knight SC; Staines NA EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p368-72 MJArthritis /PC; Collagen; Immunization, Passive; Immunosuppression MNAntibody Formation; Arthritis /ET /IM; Autoantibodies /BI; Lymph Nodes /IM; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spleen /IM; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9009-79-4 (Rheumatoid Factor) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002935 TIAn idiotypic complementarity between rheumatoid factor and anti-peptidoglycan antibodies? ABGroups of BALB/c mice have been repeatedly immunized with sterile affinity-purified human rheumatoid factor (RF) preparations from high-titred seropositive rheumatoid arthritis sera. In all cases, there was an antibody response reactive with Streptococcus pyogenes cell wall peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS) polymer in both immunodiffusion and ELISA. This antibody could be absorbed by either excess RF or PG-PS, but not by isolated human non-RF IgG or IgM preparations. Groups of mice similarly immunized with non-RF IgG or IgM produced no significant anti-PG-PS antibody response compared with pre-immune sera. All immunogens lacked detectable PG-PS. Thus, anti-PG-PS antibody may be produced by RF immunization in the absence of PG-PS. This suggests some idiotypic complementarity between RF and anti-PG-PS antibodies. AUJohnson PM; Phua KK; Evans HB EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p373-8 MJImmunoglobulin Idiotypes; Peptidoglycan; Rheumatoid Factor; Streptococcus Pyogenes MNAnti-Antibodies /BI; Antibodies, Bacterial /BI; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Gel Diffusion Tests; IgG /IM; IgM /IM; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice MTAnimal; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9009-79-4 (Rheumatoid Factor) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002936 TISimultaneous induction of rheumatoid factor- and antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells during the secondary immune response in man. ABThe production of anti-tetanus toxoid antibody and rheumatoid factor (RF) by individual peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was studied at various times after booster immunization of healthy volunteers with tetanus toxoid (TT). TT-specific antibody-secreting cells and RF-secreting cells were assayed by the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. Cells obtained 5-9 days after immunization were found to spontaneously secrete TT-specific antibodies. This response was specific for the immunogen, was abrogated by cycloheximide and accounted for most of the immunoglobulins produced. TT-specific antibody-secreting cells were found concomitantly with cells secreting RF, mainly of the IgM isotype. Elevated levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) containing IgG and C3 were observed shortly before the appearance of both TT-specific antibody-secreting cells and IgM RF-secreting cells. Thus, after booster immunization with TT, two major subpopulations of immunoglobulin-secreting cells appear concomitantly in the peripheral circulation: a population of cells secreting TT-specific antibody and a population of cells secreting IgM RF. It is suggested that RF production in man represents a physiological event which might be triggered by IgG-containing immune complexes formed during a secondary immune response. AUTarkowski A; Czerkinsky C; Nilsson LA EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p379-87 MJAntibody-Producing Cells; Immunization, Secondary; Rheumatoid Factor; Tetanus Toxoid MNAdult; Antibody Specificity; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Antigenic Determinants /AN; Complement 3 /AN; IgG /BI; IgM /BI; Immunoenzyme Technics; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-67-9 (Serotonin); 58-32-2 (Dipyridamole); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 81525-10-2 (FUT 175) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002937 TIPlatelet involvement in the nephritis of acute serum sickness in rabbits: protection by dipyridamole and FUT-175. ABIn the acute serum sickness model in rabbits, we investigated platelet release of 5-HT, platelet surface immunoglobulins, and platelet aggregation in response to ADP, together with the effect of dipyridamole and the Clr antagonist FUT-175. The immune release of 5-HT from platelets occurred between 4 and 6 days after injection of bovine serum albumin (BSA), before immune elimination and proteinuria, but coincident with the appearance of immune complexed BSA in the circulation. Nevertheless, platelet turnovers were not detectably accelerated. Treatment with dipyridamole 50 mg/kg/24 h prevented the release of 5-HT and inhibited proteinuria, glomerular hypercellularity and immune complexes in the glomeruli. Using the Clr antagonist FUT-175, similar abrogation of the disease was obtained. We conclude that in the nephritis of acute serum sickness in rabbits, some of the immune release from platelets may be the result of immune complex binding to the platelet, perhaps through the receptor for C3b. AUKoyama A; Inage H; Sano M; Narita M; Tojo S; Neild GH; Cameron JS EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p388-96 MJBlood Platelets /ME; Complement Inactivators; Dipyridamole; Guanidines; Nephritis; Serum Sickness MNAdenosine Diphosphate /PD; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Blood Platelets /DE; Cell Survival; Nephritis /PC; Platelet Aggregation /DE; Rabbits; Serotonin /BL; Serum Albumin, Bovine /IM; Serum Sickness /IM /PC; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002938 TIImmunohistochemical localization of murine alpha 1-pregnancy-associated protein (alpha 1-PAP) in non-pregnant females: a comparative study with human pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG). ABA murine pregnancy-associated protein (alpha 1-PAP) was demonstrated by immunoperoxidase (PAP) staining within Ia positive cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissue and intestinal mucosae of normal female MF1 but not C57BL/10 mice. These immunohistochemical findings reflect the differences in serum alpha 1-PAP concentrations between the two strains, being 50-fold higher in the MF1 females. Staining for alpha 1-PAP was also detected within perivascular and periportal hepatocytes of MF1 mice. Using a combined indirect immunoperoxidase (PAP)/direct immunofluorescence procedure, cytoplasmic alpha 1-PAP was demonstrated in a proportion of plasma cells secreting the IgA isotype. In contrast with human pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG) which was observed in the majority of IgA plasma cells within the lamina propria of human gastrointestinal mucosae, on average only 15% of IgA producers in corresponding mouse tissue were positive for alpha 1-PAP. As with the localization of alpha 2-PAG, no other classes of Ig-producing cells stained for alpha 1-PAP. These observations strengthen recent proposals that alpha 1-PAP is a murine analogue of human alpha 2-PAG, a glycoprotein with immunosuppressive properties. AUUdagawa Y; Armstrong SS; Waites GT; Bell SC; Horne CH; Thomson AW EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p397-405 MJPregnancy Proteins; Pregnancy-Associated Alpha Plasma Protein MNAntigens, Immune Response /AN; Cross Reactions; IgA /AN; Immunoenzyme Technics; Intestinal Mucosa /IM /UL; Liver /IM; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Plasma Cells /IM /UL MTAnimal; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002939 TIAntigenic analysis of immune complexes formed in normal human pregnancy. ABImmune complexes, isolated from pregnancy sera by absorption to immobilized protein A, were dissociated and the antigen components separated from the IgG antibodies, which possessed immune reactivity directed against the plasma membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta. Gel filtration studies demonstrated that five separate antigens could be identified and were of placental origin, as observed by their reactivity in an ELISA with affinity purified anti-trophoblast antibodies isolated from maternal sera. The five antigens of apparent mol. wt 2 X 10(6), 400,000, 150,000, 13,000 and less than 10,000 daltons were designated maternally recognised trophoblast antigens (MRTA), numbers V-IX; the relative proportions of these antigens in the sera were 14%, 68%, 16%, 0.5% and 1%, respectively. Immune complexes were also identified in nulliparous non-pregnant female sera and consisted of the 150,000 and the less than 10,000 daltons antigen components. The relationship between the MRTA present in the immune complexes and the MRTA (numbers I-IV) previously identified as components of the trophoblast plasma membrane is discussed. AUDavies M EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p406-15 MJAntigen-Antibody Complex; Antigens; Pregnancy MNAntigens /IP; Cell Membrane /IM; Chromatography, Affinity; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; IgG /AN; Molecular Weight; Peptides /AN; Staphylococcal Protein A; Trophoblast /IM MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.4.1. (Glucosyltransferases) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002940 TISalivary IgA antibody to glucosyltransferase in man. ABParotid salivas of 97 young adults were screened for IgA antibody to glucosyltransferase (GTF) from laboratory strains of Streptococcus mutans (serotypes c and g). Antibody levels to GTF from serotype c positively correlated with levels to serotype g GTF among these salivas. GTF's were prepared from S. mutans obtained from a subset of individuals in this population. All but one saliva showed IgA antibody activity to all of the GTF tested. In addition, the relative magnitude of each subject's antibody level was generally the highest to the GTF from their own S. mutans. Fractions, enriched for IgA by ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration, showed patterns of functional inhibition of GTF activity which were consistent with patterns of IgA antibody activity in ELISA of unfractionated salivas. These data indicate that detectable levels of IgA antibody to S. mutans GTF exist in many young adult salivas, while this IgA antibody activity reacts with GTF from different biotypes, subjects generally show the highest secretory IgA antibody levels to their own GTF, and the relative amount of IgA antibody to GTF and the ability to inhibit GTF activity are roughly correlated. AUSmith DJ; Taubman MA; Ebersole JL EM8601 IDDE-06153; DE-04733 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p416-24 MJGlucosyltransferases /IM; IgA, Secretory; Saliva MNAdolescence; Adult; Antibody Specificity; Glucosyltransferases /AI; Parotid Gland /SE; Streptococcus mutans /EN MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (Fc(gamma); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7665-99-8 (Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002941 TIAge-dependent alterations of Fc gamma receptor-mediated effector functions of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. ABChanges in the effector functions in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL), harvested from blood of young and aged healthy subjects of both sexes, were studied. FC gamma-receptor (Fc gamma R)-mediated incorporation of IgG coated 51Cr-HRBC significantly increased in the aged male group, while the phagocytosis of pre-opsonized fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans) was independent of both the age and sex. However, the intracellular killing capacity of neutrophils obtained from aged male subjects significantly decreased toward 51Cr-labelled c. albicans. The antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was also impaired with ageing in both sexes. The age-dependent decrease in the effector functions of PMNL may be explained, among others, by the fact that during yeast cell incorporation the increased cAMP level does not return to the basic level in the old group. On the other hand, the cGMP level which increased in PMNL of aged subjects does not show any progressive increase as in the young subjects, but remains unchanged. The oxidative metabolism producing free radicals being necessary for the effective intracellular killing and ADCC diminished in PMNL of aged subjects of both sexes. The above findings indicate that the adaptation of cyclic nucleotide system and the oxidative burst to the cell activation becomes impaired with ageing. AUFulop T Jr ; Foris G ; Worum I ; Leovey A EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p425-32 MJAging; IgG; Neutrophils; Receptors, Fc MNAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /BL; Adult; Aged; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate /BL; Middle Age; Neutrophils /ME; Phagocytosis; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (peanut agglutinin) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002942 TIT3 expression by human thymocytes in culture. ABBy panning procedures employing T6 and T3 monoclonal antibody, human thymocytes were fractionated into two subpopulations depleted of T6- or T3-positive (T6+, T3+) cells. Unfractionated thymocytes and T6- and T3-depleted subpopulations were separately cultured for 48 h in RPMI 1640 medium with 10% FCS or in HB 101 serum-free medium. Determining the phenotype of unfractionated thymocytes at various time intervals, a time-dependent increase of T3+ cells was observed. An inverse relationship was found between the percentage of T3+ cells and the T6 and peanut agglutinin (PNA) reactive thymocytes. When the surface antigen expression in the T3-depleted population (greater than 95% T6+ and PNA+ cells) was analysed, a strong increase of T3+ cells and a complementary reduction of T6+ and PNA+ cells was evidenced. During that time the surface phenotype of the T6-depleted population (greater than 80% T3+ cells) showed the same trend of differentiation, as the other thymocyte preparations. These results indicate that a conspicuous fraction of human thymocytes and particularly of those characterized by a cortical phenotype (PNA+ and T6+ cells), are able to express mature T-cell antigens when cultured in vitro in the absence of the thymic microenvironment influence. However, the in vitro acquisition of a mature phenotype is not accompanied by a parallel achievement of the capacity to respond to mitogens such as PHA or T3 monoclonal antibody. AUAiello FB; Musiani P; Maggiano N; Larocca LM; Piantelli M EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p433-9 MJAntigens, Surface; T Lymphocytes MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /IM; Cells, Cultured; Child, Preschool; Child; Interleukin 1 /IM; Lectins /PD; Mitosis; Phenotype; Phytohemagglutinins /PD; T Lymphocytes /IM; Time Factors MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002943 TIT gamma lymphocytosis is clinically non-progressive but immunologically heterogeneous. ABImmunological studies were performed with the expanded T gamma cells of five patients with T gamma lymphocytosis. All patients showed a stable clinical picture with persistent T gamma lymphocytosis and neutropenia, with or without recurrent infections. The expanded T gamma cells in the blood had the T1-3+4-8+11+M1- phenotype, with the exception of one patient whose cells lacked the T8 marker. The expanded T gamma cell population did not proliferate in response to T cell mitogens and did not show immunoregulatory activity on pokeweed mitogen driven immunoglobulin synthesis. In four of the five patients the T gamma cells had killer cell activity against IgG sensitized mouse mastocytoma cells. Taken together, these results and the data from the literature, it is concluded that T gamma lymphocytosis represents a spectrum of T cell expansions clearly distinct from clinically progressive mature T cell neoplasias. AUMiedema F; Terpstra FG; Smit JW; van der Veen JP; Melief CJ EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p440-9 MJLymphocytosis; T Lymphocytes MNAged; Antibodies, Monoclonal /IM; Antigens, Surface /AN; Helper Cells /IM; Killer Cells, Natural /IM; Killer Cells /IM; Middle Age; Mitosis; Phenotype; Receptors, Fc /AN; Rosette Formation; Suppressor Cells /IM MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002944 TISpecific cytotoxicity of human lymphocyte subpopulations defined by bacterial adherence. ABIt has been shown that lymphocytes can be subdivided into subpopulations based on their binding of bacteria. Monolayers of immobilized and fixed bacteria were used here to separate T cells into BA-T1T2, adherent to Escherichia coli-2 (EC-2+) and BA-T3T4, non-adherent to this strain of bacteria (Ec-2-) (our denomination). The cells were activated in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) and tested for cytotoxic activity. The BA-T1T2 cells developed the same cytotoxic activity as the sham-separated T cells whereas BA-T3T4 cells did not become cytotoxic. When the T cells were separated into BA-T2 cells, adherent to Bacillus globigii (Bg+), and BA-T1T3T4, non-adherent, (Bg- cells became cytotoxic. Since BA-T1 cells, which represent 10-20% of T cells, are common to the two populations they appear to contain all T cells needed to develop the specific cytotoxicity for allogeneic cells. When the cells were first activated in MLC for 6 days and then separated by adherence to E. coli-2 or B. globigii, all cytotoxic cells were in the non-adherent fraction. We concluded that the subpopulation of T cells which are Ec-2+Bg- (less than 20%) contain all the cells required for the development of cytoxic cell function and that after activation they become Ec-2-Bg-. AUSpear GT; Teodorescu M EM8601 IDCA 21399 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p450-8 MJBacillus; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Escherichia Coli; T Lymphocytes MNCell Adhesion; Cell Separation; Leukocyte Culture Test, Mixed; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic /IM; T Lymphocytes /IM MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN11028-71-0 (Concanavalin A) IS0009-9104 LAEnglish JCDD7 SBM; X UI86002945 TINumerical and functional alterations in circulatory lymphocytes in cigarette smokers. ABSimultaneous numerical and functional studies of circulatory lymphocytes were undertaken in healthy non-smoking and cigarette-smoking volunteers. The smokers all had light to moderate histories of less than 50 pack years. By contrast with non-smokers (n = 32), the smokers (n = 14) had a significant increase in the total number of lymphocytes, surface immunoglobulin bearing (sIg+) cells, total T-cells (T3+) and T helper-inducer cells (T4+), and a trend of increase in T suppressor-cytotoxic cells (8+). These changes differ from those in heavy smokers who have been reported to show significantly increased T suppressor-cytotoxic but significantly decreased T helper-inducer cells. Although the proportions of T-cell subsets did not differ significantly in the light to moderate smokers compared with non-smokers, in vitro T-suppressor function against the Ig-secreting response of allogeneic B-cells to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation was significantly impaired. The proliferative response of T-cells to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was, however, similar in both groups. This suggests that smoking may exert a selective influence upon a subset of T suppressor cells. In cytotoxicity assays, smokers showed a significant decrease in natural killer cell (NK) activity but not in antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). It appears that these alterations are reversible since a group of ex-smokers (n = 10) were indistinguishable from our non-smoking group in all studies. The implications regarding the link between smoking and increased susceptibility to infection and malignancy are discussed; and these findings should be borne in mind in basic studies of lymphocytes. AUHughes DA; Haslam PL; Townsend PJ; Turner-Warwick M EM8601 SOClin Exp Immunol (England), Aug 1985, 61(2) p459-66 MJLymphocytes; Smoking MNAdult; Antibodies, Monoclonal /IM; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; Concanavalin A /PD; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Immunoglobulins, Surface /AN; Killer Cells, Natural /IM; Leukocyte Count; Middle Age; Suppressor Cells; T Lymphocytes /CL MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0090-1229 LAEnglish JCDEA SBM; X UI86002947 TIIgG (Gm) allotypes and multiple sclerosis in a French population: phenotype distribution and quantitative abnormalities in CSF with respect to sex, disease severity, and presence of intrathecal antibodies. ABThe association of a given Gm allotype or phenotype with MS susceptibility, as previously described in some Caucasian populations, was not observed in a large French MS group, whether or not considering the possible influence of sex or disease severity. This result could be related to variations in geographical distribution of Gm alleles and MS susceptibility gene(s) or suggests the simultaneous involvement of Gm and other genetic system(s). In contrast, the corresponding CSFs exhibited already known MS-associated abnormalities of IgG1 (G1m) allotype contents, which therefore did not merely result from a Gm-associated MS susceptibility. These quantitative abnormalities were not sex dependent, but may fluctuate with MS severity. The G1m allotype levels in each CSF were not correlated with titers of various intrathecal antibodies but with the number of antibody specificities detected, a picture arguing for a polyclonal, non-antigen-specific activation of G1m allotype-producing B cells present in MS brain. AUSesboue R ; Daveau M; Degos JD; Martin-Mondiere C; Goust JM; Schuller E; Rivat-Peran L; Coquerel A; Dujardin M; Salier JP EM8601 IDNS-16269 SOClin Immunol Immunopathol (United States), Nov 1985, 37(2) p143-53 MJAntibodies; Cerebrospinal Fluid; IgG; Immunoglobulin Allotypes; Multiple Sclerosis /IM MNAntibody Specificity; Cerebrospinal Fluid /IM; France; Multiple Sclerosis /FG; Phenotype; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9010-34-8 (Thyroglobulin) IS0090-1229 LAEnglish JCDEA SBM; X UI86002948 TIA high prevalence of thyroglobulin autoantibodies in adults with and without thyroid disease as measured with a sensitive solid-phase immunosorbent radioassay. ABSera from 228 patients with thyroid disease and 140 healthy subjects without clinical or biochemical evidence of thyroid disease, were tested using a sensitive solid-phase immunosorbent radioassay (RIA) and a passive hemagglutination test (TRC test) for thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-ab). With the RIA technique, Tg-ab was found in 27% of the controls (36% of the women and 15% of the men), whereas only 0.7% of them were Tg-ab positive with the TRC test. All individuals with primary hypothyroidism were Tg-ab positive with the RIA, compared with only 56% with the TRC test. Tg-ab (RIA) were found in 43/53 (81%) of the patients with toxic diffuse goiter, and in 30-40% of the patients with toxic nodular goiter, toxic adenoma, atoxic goiter, and thyroid carcinoma, the TRC test being positive in 10-17% of these patients. The high prevalence of Tg-ab in the healthy population suggests that subclinical thyroiditis is more frequent than has been assumed from antibody measurements made with less sensitive methods, and is in agreement with the prevalences reported from autopsy studies. AUEricsson UB; Christensen SB; Thorell JI EM8601 SOClin Immunol Immunopathol (United States), Nov 1985, 37(2) p154-62 MJAutoantibodies; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Diseases MNAdult; Diagnostic Related Groups; Immunosorbent Technics; Radioimmunoassay /MT MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (mitogenic factor receptor); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0090-1229 LAEnglish JCDEA SBM; X UI86002949 TIInvestigation of in vivo activated T cells in multiple sclerosis and inflammatory central nervous system diseases. ABMonoclonal antibodies have recently been characterized which identify activated T cells at different stages of differentiation. We compared the expression of the late appearing activation antigen defined by monoclonal antibody TS2/7 with the expression of early appearing activation antigens in a group of patients with active multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, non-inflammatory other neurologic diseases, and normal controls. An increase in TS2/7 reactivity of peripheral blood T cells was found in MS patients compared to controls (P less than 0.001), however, there was no increase in the level of early activation antigens. This was in contrast to three patients with viral encephalitis, who had an increase in the early activation antigen 4F2, but minimal, if any, increase in the TS2/7 reactive antigen. This study demonstrates that in vivo, as in vitro, it is possible to identify multiple differentiation stages for activated T cells. Furthermore, the presence of activated T cells in the peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients suggests that there is systemic immune activation in MS, and could provide a means to monitor abnormal immunologic activity in MS when these cells are functionally characterized. AUHafler DA; Hemler ME; Christenson L; Williams JM; Shapiro HM; Strom TB; Strominger JL; Weiner HL EM8601 IDNS17182; AI1566; NS00981 SOClin Immunol Immunopathol (United States), Nov 1985, 37(2) p163-71 MJEncephalitis; Multiple Sclerosis; T Lymphocytes MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Antigens, Surface /AN; DNA /AN; Flow Cytometry; Lymphocyte Transformation; Receptors, Immunologic /AN MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN67-68-5 (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) IS0090-1229 LAEnglish JCDEA SBM; X UI86002950 TIEffects of dimethyl sulfoxide on humoral immune responses to acetylcholine receptors in the rat. ABThe effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the humoral immune responses to acetylcholine receptors (AChR) were studied in rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. DMSO was administered during primary, ongoing, and secondary phases of the immune response to AChR. Anti-AChR antibody titers were measured to determine the effect of the treatment. DMSO had pronounced effects on the humoral immune response, which differed depending on the stage of the response and the strength of antigenic stimulation. When given during an ongoing immune response, DMSO suppressed anti-AChR antibody levels by an average of 53-76%. This effect was similar whether DMSO was given by oral, rectal, or intraperitoneal routes. DMSO treatment also suppressed the anti-AChR antibody response to a weak primary antigenic stimulus to a similar extent. In contrast, when administered during a secondary or a strong primary immunization, DMSO enhanced the anti-AChR antibody response 1.7- to 2.8-fold. These results show that DMSO may either enhance or suppress humoral immune responses. Further studies will be required to analyze the cellular mechanisms underlying the actions of DMSO. AUPestronk A; Teoh R; Sims C; Drachman DB EM8601 ID5RO1 HDO4817; 2 PO1 NS 15721 SOClin Immunol Immunopathol (United States), Nov 1985, 37(2) p172-8 MJAntibody Formation; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Receptors, Cholinergic MNAutoimmune Diseases /DT; Immunization, Secondary; Immunization; Myasthenia Gravis /DT /IM; Rats, Inbred LEW; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0090-1229 LAEnglish JCDEA SBM; X UI86002951 TIRelationship of anti-beta 2-microglobulin antibodies to T11 and T-cell activation in systemic lupus erythematosus. ABMonoclonal anti-beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) inhibited in a specific, dose-dependent fashion both in vitro tetanus toxoid-induced human-T-cell proliferation and sheep erythrocyte (E)-rosette formation, a function of the 50 kDa T11 molecule. In these respects, anti-beta 2m exhibited effects similar to those of sera from patients with SLE. Although 10 of 16 SLE sera contained antibody to beta 2m in monoclonal rosette inhibition assays, the presence of antibody of this specificity contributed only partially to the capacity of SLE serum to inhibit E-rosette formation or the T-cell response to tetanus toxoid. Removal of anti-beta 2m from SLE serum by solid phase absorption with beta 2m-Sepharose 4B reduced inhibition of the tetanus toxoid response and E-rosette formation in certain cases, but to a lesser extent than that observed following absorption with T-cell blasts, which completely eliminated inhibitory activity. Neither SLE antilymphocyte antibodies (including anti-beta 2m) nor heterologous anti-beta 2m were directed to the E receptor binding site (T11(1) epitope), as indicated by failure to inhibit OKT11 monoclonal antibody rosette formation or to reduce the relative intensity of OKT11 immunofluorescent staining. These data suggest an interesting functional relationship between beta 2m, the E receptor, and T-cell activation. While anti-beta 2m antibodies in SLE exert some inhibitory effect on antigen-induced T-cell proliferation, other distinct autoantibody systems to T-cell activation antigens appear to play the predominant role in this regard. AUCroghan TW; Minota S; Yamada A; Winfield JB EM8601 IDRO-1 AM 30863 SOClin Immunol Immunopathol (United States), Nov 1985, 37(2) p179-90 MJAntibodies; Beta 2 Microglobulin; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Antigens /PD; Cold; Erythrocytes /IM; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Lymphocyte Transformation; Rosette Formation; T Lymphocytes /IM MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0090-1229 LAEnglish JCDEA SBM; X UI86002952 TIAltered configuration of Gc on the plasma membrane of transformed and malignant human B lymphocytes. ABNormal human peripheral blood B cells exhibit strong membrane fluorescence for Gc (vitamin D-binding protein), and this protein can form a close spatial relationship with integral membrane immunoglobulin (mIg) with evidence of codistribution in the lipid bilayer. In contrast, fluorescence for both Gc and mIg has been found in this study to be weak or absent in several B lymphoblastoid cell lines and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. Moreover, the comobility of these components, where detectable, was also impaired. In abnormal B cells, the intensity of membrane fluorescence for Gc was substantially increased after crosslinking of mIg with antibody, and the latter was also associated with increased specific radioiodination of Gc by lactoperioxidase. These results indicate that Gc can apparently become displaced under certain circumstances within or through the lipid bilayer. The altered content or membrane topography of Gc in such abnormal B cells might be associated with impaired expression and mobility of mIg. AUNel AE; Navailles M; Emerson DL; Goldschmidt-Clermont P; Pathak SK; Tsang KY; Galbraith RM EM8601 IDCA-33082; CA-00611 SOClin Immunol Immunopathol (United States), Nov 1985, 37(2) p191-202 MJB Lymphocytes; Leukemia, Experimental; Leukemia, Lymphocytic; Vitamin D-Binding Protein MNCell Transformation, Viral; Epstein-Barr Virus /PH; Histocytochemistry; Immunochemistry; Iodine Radioisotopes /DU; Membrane Proteins /PH; Precipitin Tests MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0090-1229 LAEnglish JCDEA SBM; X UI86002954 TIImmunohistologic analysis of a human pulmonary alveolar macrophage antigen. ABPAM1 is a 200-kDa polypeptide antigen present on lavaged human alveolar macrophages but not on monocytes, peritoneal macrophages, breast milk macrophages, or other normal hematopoietic cells studied by flow cytometry. We have characterized the distribution of expression of this antigen by cells in tissues by using immunohistologic techniques. Normal and diseased lung as well as lymph nodes, spleen, kidney, liver, GI tract, and skin were studied. PAM1 was expressed strongly on the surface and weakly in the cytoplasm of most alveolar macrophages in all 15 of the lung specimens. Occasional interstitial macrophages had weak to moderate staining for this antigen but the majority did not stain. The distribution, pattern, and intensity of staining for PAM1 was the same in normal lung specimens and those with interstitial pneumonitis, despite the increase in mononuclear cells in the latter. Dermal histiocytes and Kuppfer cells expressed PAM1 weakly. Sinus histiocytes in lymph nodes were moderately to strongly positive. Although lymphoid cell suspensions (tonsil) were negative by flow cytometry, five of six lymph nodes had positive cells by immunohistology. PAM1 was also detected on endothelial cells of splenic sinusoids in all 6 specimens but not on any other endothelium. Hence, while PAM1 is expressed most strongly on alveolar macrophages, it can also be demonstrated in other locations using sensitive immunohistologic techniques. Since circulating monocytes are antigen negative and some lung interstitial macrophages bear antigen, PAM1 may be a useful marker for studies of the differentiation of mononuclear cells in the lung. AUKobzik L; Godleski JJ; Biondi A; O'Hara CJ; Todd RF 3d EM8601 IDHL27244; T32HL07066; CA39064 SOClin Immunol Immunopathol (United States), Nov 1985, 37(2) p213-9 MJAntigens, Surface; Macrophages MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Cold; Histocytochemistry; Immunochemistry; Immunoenzyme Technics; Pulmonary Alveoli /CY; Pulmonary Fibrosis /IM; Tissue Distribution MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0090-1229 LAEnglish JCDEA SBM; X UI86002955 TIInteraction of mutant lpr gene with background strain influences renal disease. ABThe mutant gene lpr on the MRL/Mp strain of mice is responsible for converting a late onset glomerulonephritis into an early, aggressive, and fatal renal disease. This gene induces the proliferation of a unique subset of lymphocytes, the production of a variety of autoantibodies and shortened survival in MRL/Mp as well as in the genetically distinct strains C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, and AKR/J. The present study examined in detail the role of the lpr gene in the formation of lupus nephritis. The results show that C3H-lpr and B6-lpr mice do not develop nephritis while the AKR-lpr strain has a mild form of renal disease. None of these newly constructed congenic mutant strains have the severity of proteinuria or the degree of renal pathology characteristic of MRL-lpr mice. Thus, the lpr gene alone is insufficient in producing severe renal injury. The interaction of the lpr gene with other factors is required for the induction of life-threatening lupus nephritis. AUKelley VE; Roths JB EM8601 IDAM 36149; AI 19010 SOClin Immunol Immunopathol (United States), Nov 1985, 37(2) p220-9 MJMice, Inbred Strains MNGenes, Lethal; Genes; Kidney Glomerulus /IM /PA; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic /ET /FG; Lymph Nodes /AN; Mice; Mortality; Mutation; Nephritis /ET /FG; Organ Weight; Proteinuria /ME MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 61-19-8 (Adenosine Monophosphate) IS0090-1229 LAEnglish JCDEA SBM; X UI86002956 TIInhibition of neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity by exogenous adenosine 5'-triphosphate. ABHuman polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) obtained from normal donors kill human tumor cells in vitro. However, if adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is added to the neutrophil tumor cell suspensions in micromolar concentrations (10-100 microM), there is marked inhibition of neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity. The inhibitory activity resulted from an effect of ATP on both the effector cells as well as the target cells. When either the effector cells or target cells were preincubated with ATP they became resistant to the effects of the cytotoxic neutrophils. In addition, inhibitory activity was specific to ATP; as it was not demonstrated with GTP, UTP, or CTP. However, when the other adenosine compounds (AMP and ADP) were tested, both AMP and ADP had some inhibitory activity. Cytotoxicity was also inhibited when 100 microM of ATP were added to the neutrophil monolayers either at the time of addition of the tumor cells or 15-60 min after addition of the tumor cells whereas no inhibition of cytotoxicity occurred when ATP was added more than 1 hr after the initiation of the cytotoxic reaction. AUCameron DJ EM8601 SOClin Immunol Immunopathol (United States), Nov 1985, 37(2) p230-5 MJAdenosine Triphosphate; Neutrophils MNAdenosine Diphosphate /PD; Adenosine Monophosphate /PD; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic /DE MTHuman IS0090-1229 LAEnglish JCDEA SBM; X UI86002957 TINatural killer cell activity in multiple sclerosis patients treated with recombinant interferon-alpha 2. ABNatural killer (NK) cell activity was evaluated in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients during a phase II trial of recombinant interferon-alpha 2 (IFN). Spontaneous NK activity against the K562 myeloid target cell increased significantly during the first week of treatment in the IFN treatment group. However, NK activity was also increased in the placebo treatment group. Long-term administration of IFN caused a decline of NK activity, below the pretreatment values. This decline was not paralleled by a decline in the percentage of Leu-7 cells in the peripheral blood. The ability of IFN to enhance NK activity during treatment was also evaluated. Enhancement of NK activity by IFN was depressed for the duration of the study in the IFN treatment group. After treatment was stopped, IFN enhancement of NK activity returned to the pre-study value. These studies demonstrate that spontaneous and IFN enhanced NK activity are profoundly affected by the administration of recombinant IFN-alpha 2 in MS patients. AUHirsch RL; Johnson KP EM8601 IDNS-20022 SOClin Immunol Immunopathol (United States), Nov 1985, 37(2) p236-44 MJInterferon Type I; Killer Cells, Natural; Multiple Sclerosis /IM; Recombinant Proteins MNAdult; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Clinical Trials; Monocytes /IM; Multiple Sclerosis /DT MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0090-1229 LAEnglish JCDEA SBM; X UI86002958 TIThe regulation of polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis by FcR+ and FcR- monocyte subsets. ABFcR+ and FcR- monocyte subsets were added to the pokeweed mitogen (PWM) or Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I-stimulated cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or to PBMC depleted of monocytes. The numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) and cells with intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins (PC) were evaluated 6 days later. The addition of FcR- subset increased the number of ISC in cultures of PBMC stimulated with PWM and reconstituted the response of monocyte depleted PBMC. In contrast, FcR+ monocytes suppressed PWM-induced response and, when added in high dose, also that induced by S. aureus. The FcR+ monocytes suppressed the response by inhibition of immunoglobulin secretion but not the development of PC. This suggests that FcR+ monocytes may modulate humoral response by preferential inhibition of the final differentiation of B lymphocytes into ISC. AUPryjma J; Pituch-Noworolska A; Ruggiero I; Zembala M EM8601 SOClin Immunol Immunopathol (United States), Nov 1985, 37(2) p245-52 MJImmunoglobulins; Monocytes /ME; Receptors, Fc MNB Lymphocytes /IM; Cell Adhesion; Cells, Cultured; Lymphocyte Transformation; Monocytes /CL MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0090-1229 LAEnglish JCDEA SBM; X UI86002959 TIIn vitro stimulation of lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. ABPeripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from normal controls were compared in 20 microliters droplet cultures following stimulation with phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A. The dynamics of proliferation were significantly changed in RA. Higher numbers of cells in culture were needed to achieve the same response. This may explain the low proliferative responses of lymphocytes from some patients with RA, and apparent changes of in vitro suppressor effects, reported by other authors. Diurnal variations of lymphocytes in RA patients were also studied. No differences in the response to mitogen of lymphocytes taken at 7 AM and 7 PM were found. AUFelder M; Dore CJ ; Knight SC; Ansell BM EM8601 SOClin Immunol Immunopathol (United States), Nov 1985, 37(2) p253-61 MJArthritis, Rheumatoid MNAdult; Analysis of Variance; Arthritis, Rheumatoid /PA; Cells, Cultured; Circadian Rhythm; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocyte Transformation; Lymphocytes; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0090-1229 LAEnglish JCDEA SBM; X UI86002960 TIPhenotypical and functional analysis of natural killer cells in sarcoidosis. ABThe frequency of cells reactive with natural killer (NK)-related monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) HNK-1, NKP-15, B73.1, VEP-13, Ab8.28 has been evaluated in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of 39 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis (including 19 cases with active sarcoidosis and 20 cases with inactive disease). This phenotypic analysis was carried out together with the NK in vitro functional evaluation of cell populations from peripheral blood and BAL fluid. In addition, inhibition studies were performed in order to evaluate the ability of alveolar macrophages (M phi) to modulate NK activity. Data from peripheral blood showed an increased number of mononuclear cells bearing HNK-1, NKP-15, Ab8.28, VEP-13, and B73.1 determinants in patients with active sarcoidosis with respect to patients with inactive disease and controls. The majority of HNK-1-positive cells lacked both Leu2 and Leu3 antigens when investigated in a double marker system. A parallel increase in the in vitro cytotoxicity assay has been demonstrated. On the other hand, only a few mononuclear cells recovered from BAL fluid displayed a surface pattern of NK cells. This small population of HNK-1-positive cells expresses the HNK-1/Leu3 phenotype and does not exhibit NK activity. The alveolar M phi from sarcoid patients, as well as alveolar M phi from controls, have the property of inhibiting the NK activity of autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes. The lack of lung NK function in patients with active sarcoidosis may be related to the presence of immature forms of NK cells and/or to the release of soluble factors by alveolar macrophages. AUAgostini C; Trentin L; Zambello R; Luca M; Cipriani A; Pizzolo G; Semenzato G EM8601 SOClin Immunol Immunopathol (United States), Nov 1985, 37(2) p262-75 MJKiller Cells, Natural /PP; Sarcoidosis /PA MNAdult; Killer Cells, Natural /IM; Macrophages /IM; Phenotype; Pulmonary Alveoli /CY; Sarcoidosis /BL /IM MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) IS0090-1229 LAEnglish JCDEA SBM; X UI86002961 TIInhibition of platelet-activating factor by rabbit C-reactive protein. ABIncubation of 0.5 nM platelet-activating factor (PAF) with 123 micrograms/ml C-reactive protein (CRP) for 60 min at room temperature in the presence of 2 mM calcium resulted in total inhibition of the platelet-aggregating capacity of 0.5 nM PAF. There was no inhibition of platelet aggregation if PAF and CRP were added to the platelets simultaneously, without prior incubation of the mixture, or if calcium was not present during the incubation of CRP and PAF. The inhibitory effect of CRP (123 micrograms/ml) was dependent upon the time of incubation with PAF (1 nM). We observed 0, 42, and 85% inhibition of platelet aggregation with incubations of 0, 20, and 120 min, respectively. The inhibitory effect of CRP was also concentration dependent. After incubations of 20 min at room temperature with 0.5 nM PAF there was no inhibition of PAF-induced platelet aggregation using 12.3 micrograms/ml CRP with the inhibition increasing to 73% using 123 micrograms/ml CRP. Pretreatment of the platelets with CRP (123 micrograms/ml) for 60 min before addition of PAF did not affect the induction of platelet aggregation by PAF. These observations indicate that CRP inhibits PAF and strongly suggest that binding of CRP to PAF, presumably to the phosphocholine moiety of PAF, is required for this inhibition. AUKilpatrick JM; Virella G EM8601 SOClin Immunol Immunopathol (United States), Nov 1985, 37(2) p276-81 MJC-Reactive Protein; Platelet Activating Factor MNBlood Platelets /DE; Platelet Aggregation /DE; Rabbits MTAnimal IS0343-3137 LAGerman JCDEU UI86002962 TI[Intraoperative location of the tooth root apex with an endodontic cold light] AUSiegert R TT[Intraoperative Lokalisation von Zahnwurzelspitzen mit endodontischem Kaltlicht.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (Germany, West), Mar-Apr 1985, 9(2) p102-3 MJRoot Canal Therapy; Tooth Root; Transillumination MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN23964-57-0 (Carticaine) IS0343-3137 LAGerman JCDEU UI86002963 TI[The question of hepatic tolerance to ultracaine with special reference to porphyria] AUSchutz E; Fuchs H TT[Zur Frage der Lebervertraglichkeit von Ultracain unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Porphyrie.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (Germany, West), Mar-Apr 1985, 9(2) p104-7 MJAnesthetics, Local; Carticaine; Liver Diseases; Liver; Porphyria; Thiophenes MNDogs; Drug Tolerance; Rabbits; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0343-3137 LAGerman JCDEU UI86002964 TI[Total one-stage fronto-facial advancement in early infancy for the treatment of postnatal asphyxia in Apert's syndrome] AUVoy ED; Tok S; Hornchen H; Melichar S TT[Totale einzeitige Hirn- und Gesichtsschadelemobilisierung (fronto-facial advancement) in fruhen Sauglingsalter zur Beseitigung einer potnatalen Asphyxie beim Apert Syndrom.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (Germany, West), Mar-Apr 1985, 9(2) p108-12 MJAcrocephalosyndactylia; Asphyxia Neonatorum /TH; Facial Bones /SU; Infant, Premature MNAsphyxia Neonatorum /ET; Facial Bones /AB; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Osteotomy /MT MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0343-3137 LAGerman JCDEU UI86002965 TI[Professional socialization of patients with cleft lip, cleft lip and alveolus, cleft lip, alveolus and palate as well as their fathers] AUKisse B TT[Berufliche Sozialisation von Patienten mit Lippen-, Lippen-Kiefer-, Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalten sowie deren Vatern.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (Germany, West), Mar-Apr 1985, 9(2) p113-25 MJCleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Father-Child Relations; Socialization MNChild; Interpersonal Relations; Mother-Child Relations; Occupations MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0343-3137 LAGerman JCDEU UI86002966 TI[Occurrence and prevention of residual clefts in the surgical treatment of patients with cleft lip, alveolus, palate and velum] AUKoch J; Quarta M TT[Haufigkeit und Vermeidung von Restlochern bei der operativen Behandlung von Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Segelspalten.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (Germany, West), Mar-Apr 1985, 9(2) p126-32 MJCleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Postoperative Complications /PC MNAdolescence; Child; Postoperative Complications /ET MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0343-3137 LAGerman JCDEU UI86002967 TI[One-stage single-layer closure of the hard palate with a cranial-pedicled vomer flap in bilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate patients] AUDumbach J; Stienhauser EW TT[Einzeitiger einschichtiger Verschluss des harten Gaumens mit kranial gestielten Vomerlappen bei doppelseitigen Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalten.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (Germany, West), Mar-Apr 1985, 9(2) p133-6 MJCleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Surgical Flaps MNMethods; Nasal Septum /SU MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0343-3137 LAGerman JCDEU UI86002968 TI[Experiences with Reichert's corrective surgery for protruding ears] AUEngleder R; Fries R TT[Erfahrungen mit der Korrekturoperation nach Reichert bei abstehenden Ohren.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (Germany, West), Mar-Apr 1985, 9(2) p137-40 MJEar, External MNAdolescence; Child; Ear Diseases /SU MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human IS0343-3137 LAGerman JCDEU UI86002969 TI[Modified Grimm-Johanson surgery for lower lip reconstruction] AUSchubert J TT[Eine modifizierte Unterlippenersatzplastik nach Grimm-Johanson.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (Germany, West), Mar-Apr 1985, 9(2) p141-2 MJLip MNSurgery, Plastic /MT; Surgical Flaps MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0343-3137 LAGerman JCDEU UI86002970 TI[Masseter muscle hypertrophy. A histochemical study] AUFarmand M; Rowlerson A TT[Die Masseterhypertrophie. Eine histochemische Untersuchung.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (Germany, West), Mar-Apr 1985, 9(2) p143-8 MJMasseter Muscle /PA; Masticatory Muscles MNAdolescence; Adult; Hypertrophy /PA; Masseter Muscle /ME; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN54-11-5 (Nicotine) IS0343-3137 LAGerman JCDEU UI86002971 TI[Malignancy in the maxillofacial region in alcohol consumption and nicotine use] AUGrasser H; Barth HH TT[Malignome im Kiefer- und Gesichtsbereich bei Alkohol- und Nikotinkonsum.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (Germany, West), Mar-Apr 1985, 9(2) p149-55 MJAlcohol Drinking; Facial Neoplasms; Jaw Neoplasms; Smoking MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Nicotine MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0343-3137 LAGerman JCDEU UI86002972 TI[Trichinosis. Detection of trichina in the pterygoid muscle] AUHerzog M; Gunther M; Seitz HM TT[Trichinose. Trichinennachweiss im Musculus pterygoideus.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (Germany, West), Mar-Apr 1985, 9(2) p156-9 MJMasticatory Muscles; Pterygoid Muscles; Trichinella; Trichinosis MNMiddle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human RN7439-88-5 (Iridium) IS0343-3137 LAGerman JCDEU UI86002973 TI[Interstitial radiotherapy of maxillofacial tumors with iridium-192 and iodine-125] AUSchmid AP; Hawliczek R; Karcher H; Vinzenz K; Schlappack O; Seitz W TT[Die interstitielle Strahlentherapie maxillo-fazialer Tumoren mit Iridium-192 und Jod-125.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (Germany, West), Mar-Apr 1985, 9(2) p77-82 MJBrachytherapy; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Iodine Radioisotopes; Iridium; Radioisotopes MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0343-3137 LAGerman JCDEU UI86002974 TI[Treatment results after radiotherapy of primary malignant mandibular tumors] AUMuller RP; Schertel L; Hemprich A; Mohring R TT[Behandlungsergebnisse nach Strahlentherapie primar maligner Unterkiefertumoren.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (Germany, West), Mar-Apr 1985, 9(2) p83-8 MJMandibular Neoplasms /RT MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Mandibular Neoplasms /CL /SU; Middle Age; Prognosis; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN71767-13-0 (iotasul) IS0343-3137 LAGerman JCDEU UI86002975 TI[Simultaneous indirect lymphography of the maxillofacial area using an aqueous contrast medium] AUMuller RP; Wenzel-Hora BI; Hemprich A; Addicks HW TT[Simultane indirekte Lymphographie im Kiefer-Gesichtsbereich mit einem wasserigen Kontrastmittel.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (Germany, West), Mar-Apr 1985, 9(2) p89-93 MJContrast Media; Facial Neoplasms; Iodobenzoates; Jaw Neoplasms; Lymphography; Triiodobenzoic Acids /DU MNContrast Media /AD; Triiodobenzoic Acids /AD MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (gentamicin-polymethylmethacrylate bead) IS0343-3137 LAGerman JCDEU UI86002976 TI[Local treatment of bone infections with gentamicin-PMMA minichains in maxillofacial surgery. A clinical and pharmacokinetic study] AUAderhold L TT[Die lokale Behandlung von Knocheninfektionen mit der Gentamicin-PMMA-Minikette in der Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie. Eine klinische und pharmakokinetische Studie.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (Germany, West), Mar-Apr 1985, 9(2) p94-101 MJGentamicins /TU; Jaw Diseases; Methylmethacrylates /TU; Osteomyelitis MNDrug Implants; Gentamicins /AD /ME; Jaw Diseases /SU; Kinetics; Methylmethacrylates /AD /ME; Osteomyelitis /SU MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002977 TINephrotic syndrome due to scleroderma [letter] AUBenn JJ; Scoble JE; Mansell MA; Eastwood JB EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 24(2) p103 MJNephrotic Syndrome; Scleroderma, Systemic MNMiddle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human RN59-30-3 (Folic Acid) IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002978 TIFolic acid supplements in patients on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [letter] AUOliveira DB; Thompson S; Tan H; Winearls CG EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 24(2) p104 MJFolic Acid; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory MNFolic Acid Deficiency /PC MTHuman RN16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate) IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002979 TIChemiluminescence detection of polymorphonuclear leukocyte stimulatory factor in patients with chronic renal failure before and after transplantation [letter] AUSt. Martin S; Zysow B; Meuwissen H; Gilboa N; Rhee MS EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 24(2) p104-5 MJKidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney; Neutrophils MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Kidney Failure, Chronic /SU; Luminescence; Middle Age; Neutrophils /PH; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate /PD MTFemale; Human; Male IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002980 TIIntraglomerular distribution of fibronectin in primary glomerular diseases. ABThe intraglomerular distribution of fibronectin was examined in 152 renal biopsy specimens with the direct immunofluorescence technique. Fibronectin was detected only in the mesangial area in normal glomeruli, while in proliferative glomerulonephritis, it extended from the mesangium to the pericapillary regions proportionately with the proliferative changes. In membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, fibronectin globally extended in the glomeruli. Also in membranous nephropathy, fibronectin was observed in the capillary walls despite an absence of proliferation. Electron microscopic examinations revealed that the glomeruli with the pericapillary distribution of fibronectin were mostly found in stage II or III, as determined by WHO criteria. The double immunofluorescence technique demonstrated that in membranous nephropathy fibronectin was on the inner side of the glomerular basement membrane, and that in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis fibronectin extended concomitantly with the expansion of mesangial matrix. These findings suggest that intraglomerular fibronectin is localized only in the mesangial area in normal glomeruli, and that the pericapillary distribution of fibronectin occurs not only by mesangial proliferation but also by additional unknown mechanisms. AUIkeya M; Nagase M; Honda N EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 24(2) p53-9 MJFibronectins; Glomerulonephritis /ME MNBiopsy; Capillaries; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Glomerular Mesangium /ME; Glomerulonephritis /IM /PA; Kidney Glomerulus /BS; Microscopy, Electron; Rabbits MTAnimal; Human IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002981 TISicca syndrome in mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis. ABSchirmer-test, history of conjunctivitis, salivary gland scintigraphy and SSA/SSB (Ro/La) antibodies were evaluated in 24 patients with mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis (IgA-GN), 58 patients with non-IgA-GN and 100 healthy controls. A sicca syndrome (positive Schirmer-test) was found in 46% of patients with IgA-GN and 17% of non-IgA-GN and 8% of controls (p less than 0.001). Only one of the IgA-GN patients volunteered a history of xerosis of the conjunctiva, but upon questioning 17% reported a history of ophthalmological treatment for recurrent conjunctivitis. The observation adds another extrarenal facet to the syndrome of mesangial IgA-GN. Diminished tear production may be another (immune?) abnormality of the oropharyngeal system. AUAndrassy K; Lichtenberg G; Rambausek M EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 24(2) p60-2 MJGlomerulonephritis, IGA; Keratoconjunctivitis MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Glomerular Mesangium; Keratoconjunctivitis /IM; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RN363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 54397-85-2 (Thromboxane B2); 7006-35-1 (Histidine); 7440-66-6 (Zinc) IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002982 TIStudies on thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2 production in the course of murine autoimmune disease: inhibition by oral histidine and zinc supplementation. ABSynthesis of both prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 in liver and kidney tissue of NZB/W F1 hybrid mice was found to increase with advancing age. The rise in prostanoid generation coincided with the appearance and progression of the spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like disorders seen in these mice. Substitution of a diet supplemented with histidine (50 g kg-1 dry weight) and/or zinc (160 mg kg-1 dry weight) suppressed the autoimmune disease associated increase in prostanoid generation. The parent NZB and NZW strains also revealed an age-dependent increase in prostanoid synthesis whereas no age-related changes of tissue prostanoid generation were seen in healthy DBA-2 and C57-BL/6 control mice. In a previous study [Schwerdtfeger et al. 1980] a protective effect of histidine and/or zinc on the course of SLE-like disease in NZB/W F1 mice was reported. The current work suggests that this effect may in part have been mediated by the modulation of cellular arachidonic acid metabolism. The proposal that prostanoids are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease in NZB/W F1 mice is supported by these results. AUSteinhauer HB; Batsford S; Schollmeyer P; Kluthe R EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 24(2) p63-8 MJAutoimmune Diseases; Histidine /TU; Prostaglandins E; Thromboxane B2; Zinc MNAdministration, Oral; Age Factors; Arachidonic Acids /ME; Diet; Histidine /AD; Kidney /ME; Liver /ME; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (endostreptosin) IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002983 TISignificance of endostreptosin antibody titers in poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. ABEndostreptosin (ESS) is an immunologically well defined cytoplasmic antigen of group A and some group C streptococci. ESS is probably the pathogenetic antigen of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (ASGN). Antibodies to ESS (ESS-Ab) were determined by microcomplement fixation in 1,102 patients and by ELISA in 105 patients. In 168 patients with ASGN (90 from the U.S.A. and 78 from Kuwait) the arithmetic mean titer was 45.2 (log10 1.40 +/- 0.606) and 50.2 (log10 1.51 +/- 0.394) respectively, both significantly elevated compared to 347 age matched children and adults from the U.S.A. whose arithmetic mean titer was 9.1 (log10 0.83 +/- 0.635) and 7.5 (log10 0.55 +/- 0.492) respectively and 139 children from Kuwait whose arithmetic mean titer was 15.7 (log10 0.92 +/- 0.495). In 51 patients with ASGN, the mean ELISA value was 67.5% higher than the values obtained from 54 normal age matched controls. Patients with streptococcal infections without renal involvement had only transiently and mildly elevated values. ESS-Abs in patients with other types of glomerulonephritides were in the range of normal. ESS-Ab titers do not parallel the titers of streptococcal exoenzymes. ESS-Ab titers are of importance for the differential diagnosis of renal diseases and of similar significance for the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanism of ASGN. They are possibly of significance for therapy in the form of an active vaccine. AUSeligson G; Lange K; Majeed HA; Deol H; Cronin W; Bovie R EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 24(2) p69-75 MJAntibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Glomerulonephritis /IM; Streptococcal Infections MNAdult; Child; Complement Fixation Tests; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Glomerulonephritis /ET; Infant MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002984 TIUltrasonic blood flow measurements in arteriovenous fistulas: an experimental study. ABFemoral arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) were constructed in dogs. Fistulas blood flow was measured simultaneously with standard Doppler equipment, with electromagnetic flow probes and by direct timed blood collection. A good correlation was observed between Doppler and direct timed blood collection (r = 0.822, p less than 0.001) and also between Doppler and electromagnetic determinations (r = 0.747, p less than 0.001). These results lead us to suggest that transcutaneous measurement of AVF flow is possible with standard Doppler equipment and we recommend this technique for the management of AVF constructed in uremic patients. AURodriguez Moran M; Boyero MR; Rodriguez Rodriguez JM; Enriquez AA; Idoyaga FC; Alonso AG EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 24(2) p76-8 MJArteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; Femoral Artery; Femoral Vein; Ultrasonics MNDogs; Electromagnetics; Flowmeters; Models, Biological; Regional Blood Flow MTAnimal RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002985 TIPeritonitis, dialysate infusion and lung function in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). ABPulmonary function tests were done in seven CAPD patients with acute peritonitis on the day of admission to the hospital and after recovery. Subsequently, the effect of dialysate infusion alone on lung function was studied in 19 patients initiated on CAPD and nine of these patients were restudied 7.6 +/- 4.1 months later. Peritonitis was associated with a 30% reduction in vital capacity and a significant fall in arterial oxygen tension (7 to 11 mmHg) (p less than 0.01). Dialysate infusion alone decreased functional residual capacity (FRC) and produced small changes in PaO2 which were more pronounced in the supine position. The decrease in PaO2 observed in changing from sitting prior to dialysate infusion, to supine after dialysate infusion was due to the development of airways closure at resting lung volumes. Follow-up studies in nine patients demonstrated a continued and significant fall in FRC with dialysate infusion, without however, any changes in PaO2. We conclude that peritonitis in CAPD patients is accompanied by significant changes in lung function which are probably due to a decrease in diaphragmatic mobility resulting in atelectasis and underventilation of dependent lung zones. In CAPD patients without peritonitis, dialysate infusion in the supine position produces significant changes in PaO2, but with time, compensatory mechanisms develop to abolish the changes in PaO2. AUTaveira da Silva AM; Davis WB; Winchester JF; Coleman DE; Weir CW EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 24(2) p79-83 MJLung; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Peritonitis MNAdult; Carbon Dioxide /BL; Closing Volume; Functional Residual Capacity; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lung Volume Measurements; Middle Age; Oxygen /BL; Posture; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Function Tests MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN41183-64-6 (gallium-67 citrate) IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002986 TIGallium67 scintigraphy in the diagnosis of acute renal disease. AB67Ga scintigraphy was performed in 44 patients with various biopsy proven forms of renal disease and in a further 64 patients, some with clinically diagnosed renal disease and some with non-renal disorders. Renal uptake of gallium at 48 hours was graded by two blinded observers and by tissue ratios determined by computer. All 11 patients with biopsy proven acute drug-induced interstitial nephritis demonstrated intense, diffuse, bilateral renal 67Ga uptake, a phenomenon observed in only five of the other 30 patients with biopsy proven renal disease and in four of the 64 patients with clinical diagnoses only. No patient with acute tubular necrosis demonstrated significant renal gallium uptake. It is suggested that 67Ga scintigraphy is an excellent screening test for the presence of acute interstitial nephritis and helps to identify which patients with unexplained acute renal failure require renal biopsy. AULinton AL; Richmond JM; Clark WF; Lindsay RM; Driedger AA; Lamki LM EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 24(2) p84-7 MJGallium Radioisotopes; Nephritis, Interstitial MNAcute Disease; Kidney Diseases /RI; Kidney /RI MTHuman IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002987 TIOn four cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome without microangiopathy. ABFour cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) are presented in which light and electron microscopic examination of renal biopsies (2 cases) and light microscopic examination of the kidneys on autopsy material (2 cases) revealed no changes reflecting microangiopathy. Based on these findings and on personal observation of 197 cases of HUS with glomerular or vascular changes, it is considered questionable whether the results of animal experiments by Brain et al. [1962] and Brian and Brain [1968] can be transferred to man. The cause of hemolytic anemia in HUS is considered unclarified, except for cases in which hemolysis is triggered by neuraminidase-producing bacteria and viruses. AUBohle A; Grabensee B; Fischer R; Berg E; Klust H EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 24(2) p88-92 MJHemolytic-Uremic Syndrome MNAdolescence; Adult; Basement Membrane /UL; Hemolysis; Kidney Glomerulus /UL; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002988 TIAssociation of systemic light-chain deposition disease and amyloidosis: a report of three patients with renal involvement. ABThree patients with renal involvement, plasma cell dyscrasia and systemic light chain deposition are reported in whom well characterized amyloid deposits were also found in the vessel walls. This association, not yet reported, is probably more frequent than believed and still brings nearer these two manifestations of monoclonal light chain deposition. Whether or not the finding of amyloid deposits during systemic light chain deposition is a separate entity and modifies the prognosis remains to be answered. AUJacquot C; Saint-Andre JP; Touchard G; Nochy D; D'Auzac de Lamartinie C; Oriol R; Druet P; Bariety J EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 24(2) p93-8 MJAmyloidosis; Hypergammaglobulinemia; Immunoglobulins, Light Chain; Kidney Diseases; Paraproteinemias MNAdult; Aged; Immunoglobulins, Kappa Chain; Immunoglobulins, Lambda Chain; Multiple Myeloma /CO MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002989 TIAnaphylaxis: an unusual complication of hemodialysis. ABAnaphylaxis is a rare complication of hemodialysis. Unless there is a high index of suspicion, symptoms may not be immediately recognized as a manifestation of hypersensitivity and prompt attention may be delayed. To improve physician awareness of this problem we report a patient who developed a severe anaphylactic reaction within minutes of beginning dialysis. Review of the literature indicates that hypersensitivity reactions are most commonly associated with Cuprophan dialyzers. Although the etiology has not been established, recurrence can be prevented by selection of a different type of dialysis membrane. AUStephens GW; Bernard DB; Idelson BA EM8601 IDHL 22172; HL 18318; AM 07053 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 24(2) p99-102 MJAnaphylaxis; Hemodialysis MNAdult; Membranes, Artificial MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN446-86-6 (Azathioprine) IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002990 TIRenal histopathology in kidney transplant recipients immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A: results of an international workshop. ABKidney transplant biopsies from 55 patients immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A and 35 treated with conventional immunosuppression were evaluated by 14 pathologists. In cyclosporin treated cases the following morphologic features were more frequent and/or severe: isometric tubular vacuolization; tubular microcalcification, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis striped form, focal interstitial infiltrates and arteriolopathy. Six different morphologic reaction patterns in cyclosporin treated patients were distinguished and possible pathogenetic factors discussed: 1. Classical rejection, 2. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis, 3. Toxic tubulopathy with giant mitochondria, isometric vacuolization and microcalcification, 4. Peritubular capillary congestion with mononuclear cell accumulation, 5. Arteriolopathy similar to benign/malignant hypertension or hemolytic uremic syndrome, 6. Interstitial fibrosis (striped form) with tubular atrophy. This preliminary morphologic classification may be helpful in the biopsy interpretation and the selection of therapeutic strategies and should stimulate further studies. EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 24(3) p107-19 MJCyclosporins; Immunosuppression; Kidney /TR MNArterioles /DE; Atrophy; Azathioprine /AE; Biopsy; Graft Rejection /DE; Kidney Diseases /CI /PA /TH; Kidney Tubules /DE /PA; Kidney /BS /PA; Vasculitis /CI MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002991 TIPeculiar glomerular lesions in Takayasu's arteritis. ABSeventeen kidney specimens (6 biopsies and 11 autopsies) of Takayasu's arteritis disclosed two types of glomerular lesions. One was a mild axial mesangial proliferation associated with intramembranous and mesangial electron dense deposits consisting of IgG, IgM and C3 (axial type). The other was a centrolobular mesangial thickening associated with a hyaline deposition showing a mosaic pattern (╥centrolobular mesangiopathy╙: centrolobular type). Mesangiolytic lesions, nodulous lesions, microaneurysms in glomeruli and extensive deposition of hyaline materials both in afferent and efferent arterioles were also observed. The former lesion was found in 4 patients with an active arteritis; and the latter was mainly observed in autopsy cases having a long-term clinical course. In the genesis of the axial type, immune complex deposition caused by the active aortitis may be involved, while the glomerular ischemia caused by the vascular lesions may be implicated in the development of the centrolobular type. AUYoshimura M; Kida H; Saito Y; Yokoyama H; Tomosugi N; Abe T; Hattori N EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 24(3) p120-7 MJAortic Arch Syndromes; Kidney Glomerulus; Takayasu Syndrome MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Capillaries /PA; Glomerular Mesangium /PA; Kidney Diseases /ET; Middle Age; Takayasu Syndrome /PA MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002992 TINephropathy in Cameroon: evidence for filarial derived immune-complex pathogenesis in some cases. ABThis study was carried out in two parts. Part 1 consisted of an epidemiological survey of 1011 subjects aged 3-65 yrs from 2 adjoining villages hyper-endemic for Onchocerciasis and 890 subjects in a control area, relatively free from this infection but otherwise with a similar parasitological profile. There was a significantly higher prevalence of proteinuria in subjects from the onchocercal zone than in controls (observed difference greater than 5 1/2 times its standard error). Part 2 comprised detailed investigations, including renal biopsy, of 63 consecutive patients admitted into hospital with severe proteinuria and/or renal failure from a caption area extending into the onchocercal zone. There were a variety of causative factors, but in 9 cases filarial antigen was demonstrable in the immune-complex deposits in the kidney. A plenum of renal histopathological changes were seen in patients with onchocerciasis. The significance of these findings is discussed. AUNgu JL; Chatelanat F; Leke R; Ndumbe P; Youmbissi J EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 24(3) p128-34 MJAntigen-Antibody Complex; Filariasis; Glomerulonephritis; Intestinal Obstruction; Loaiasis; Onchocerciasis MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Cameroon; Child, Preschool; Child; Glomerulonephritis /IM /PA; Intestinal Obstruction /PA; Kidney /PA; Loaiasis /PA; Middle Age; Onchocerciasis /PA; Proteinuria /ET MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (platelet aggregating factor) IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002993 TIPlatelet aggregating factor in the epidemic form of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in childhood. ABPlasma from six out of eleven children with the epidemic forms of hemolytic-uremic syndrome caused the aggregation of homologous platelets as has been described in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. IgG purified from normal adults inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by plasma collected from three children during the acute phase of the disease. This inhibition by IgG may contribute to the reported successful management by infusions of plasma or plasma exchanges. AUMonnens L; van de Meer W; Langenhuysen C; van Munster P; van Oostrom C EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 24(3) p135-7 MJBlood Coagulation Factors; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome MNChild, Preschool; Child; IgG /PH; Infant; Platelet Aggregation; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic /BL MTFemale; Human; Male IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002994 TIRapid differentiation between glomerular and tubular proteinurias by high-performance liquid chromatography. ABThis study regards the urinary protein of patients with renal diseases. Analysis was done by high-performance ion-exchange chromatography (HPIEC). In patients with steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome, the urinary proteins could be separated into about 10 peaks by HPIEC, whereas in the tubular dysfunction about 15 peaks were obtained. Main peaks obtained by HPIEC were identified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunochemical methods. HPIEC is an easy, reliable and rapid method for the estimation of glomerular and tubular proteinurias patterns, and it seems to be a good indicator of the selectivity of glomerular proteinuria. So, we recommend HPIEC for routine use in the clinical investigation of proteinuria. AUSuzuki Y; Okada T; Hara M; Miura IK; Naiki S; Sakuragawa N EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 24(3) p138-41 MJChromatography, Ion Exchange; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Tubules; Proteinuria MNElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Kidney Diseases /DI /UR; Nephrotic Syndrome /DI /UR; Proteinuria /UR MTHuman RN72558-82-8 (Ceftazidime) IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002995 TIEffect of hemodialysis on ceftazidime pharmacokinetics. ABCeftazidime, a new parenteral third generation cephalosporin, is widely used because of its broad aerobic gram-negative bacterial coverage and its apparent low risk of toxicity. To establish the effect of hemodialysis on the elimination kinetics of ceftazidime and to determine the supplementary dose of the drug after each dialysis session, we studied nine anuric patients with end stage chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. After a single 1 g intravenous bolus injection of ceftazidime a two-compartment open model was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. The mean ceftazidime concentrations in hemodialysis patients were 64.3 micrograms/ml at the start of dialysis and 20.0 micrograms/ml at the end of dialysis session. A 4-h hemodialysis procedure reduced the area under concentration vs time curve from 795.1 mg/l X h to 175.8/l X h and the elimination half life of ceftazidime from 33.6 h to 3.3 h. Dialyzer clearance was 55.6 ml/min and 55% of the administered dose was recovered in the dialysate fluid. Hemodialysis patients should receive a supplemental dose equal to half their usual maintenance dose immediately after each dialysis session. AUNikolaidis P; Tourkantonis A EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 24(3) p142-6 MJCeftazidime /ME; Hemodialysis MNAdult; Ceftazidime /AD; Half-Life; Kidney Failure, Chronic /TH; Kinetics; Middle Age; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN21645-51-2 (Aluminum Hydroxide); 471-34-1 (Calcium Carbonate); 7429-90-5 (Aluminum); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002996 TIEffects of high CaCO3 supplements on serum calcium and phosphorus in patients on regular hemodialysis treatment. ABThe effect of high doses of CaCO3 on serum phosphorus and calcium (sPi,sCa) and the changes in serum aluminum (sAl) induced by Al(OH)3 interruption were investigated in patients on regular hemodialysis treatment. Some patients were administered Al(OH)3 and CaCO3, others only the former or the latter and others nothing. Al(OH)3 was stopped in all but one in whom it was only reduced, and CaCO3 was started or increased in all patients. A better control of sPi and serum Ca-Pi product was observed during high Ca supplementation, despite Al(OH)3 discontinuation, and was associated with a significant decrease of sAl. As expected, taking into account the dialysate Ca level of 4 mEq/l, a significant hypercalcemia occurred in some patients, especially in those who had a normal predialytic sPi without Al(OH)3 supplementation. Therefore, lowering the dialysate Ca concentration according to individual need and increasing interdialytic oral Ca supplements can be recommended with the dual purpose of keeping a positive Ca balance and correcting hyperphosphatemia. AUGonella M; Calabrese G; Vagelli G; Pratesi G; Lamon S; Talarico S EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 24(3) p147-50 MJCalcium Carbonate; Calcium; Hemodialysis; Phosphates MNAdult; Aged; Aluminum Hydroxide /AD /PD; Aluminum /BL; Calcium Carbonate /PD; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002997 TIPolyclonal B cell hyperplasia associated with Epstein-Barr virus causing acute renal allograft failure. ABSix weeks post cadaver renal transplantation, a patient developed a flu-like illness. Acute renal failure unresponsive to anti-rejection therapy occurred and he died four days later from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Streptococcus viridans septicemia. Autopsy revealed a diffuse polymorphic polyclonal B cell infiltrate occupying most organs, including the allograft. Primary Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection was established by 1) rising anti-EBV antibody titres; 2) the demonstration of EBV nuclear antigen in the infiltrate and 3) the presence of EBV specific DNA sequences in affected tissues. EBV associated polymorphic B cell hyperplasia can mimic rejection and result in acute allograft failure. AULudwin D; Quinonez G; Chernesky MA; Kay JM; Ali MA; Smith EK; Manning RF EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 24(3) p151-4 MJB Lymphocytes; Epstein-Barr Virus; Graft Rejection; Kidney; Lymphoma MNAntibodies, Viral /AN; B Lymphocytes /PA; DNA, Neoplasm /GE; DNA, Viral /GE; Hyperplasia; Lymphoma /PA; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002998 TIDisseminated histoplasmosis in dialysis patients. ABThe unusual occurrence of disseminated histoplasmosis in two dialysis patients residing in a nonendemic area is described; one on chronic hemodialysis, the other on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). They both presented with nonspecific febrile illness with splenomegaly and/or pancytopenia. Rapid diagnosis was made with bone marrow biopsies and cultures. In the second patient, peritonitis secondary to histoplasmosis was documented by culture of the dialysate and at autopsy. This is the first such description in a CAPD patient. AUMa KW EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 24(3) p155-7 MJHemodialysis; Histoplasmosis; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory MNAged; Histoplasmosis /CO; Middle Age; Pancytopenia /ET; Peritonitis /ET; Splenomegaly /ET MTCase Report; Human IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86002999 TIUremic pericarditis in hemophilia A [letter] AUAguado S; Gomez-Ullate P; Otxaran J; Montenegro J; Martinez JM; Gainza J; Aranzabal J; Lampreabe I EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 24(3) p158 MJHemophilia; Pericarditis; Uremia MNAdult MTCase Report; Human; Male RN20830-75-5 (Digoxin); 52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86003000 TIDigoxin intoxication induced by verapamil in an uremic patient [letter] AUJohannessen A; Rendtorff C; Poulsen S EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 24(3) p158-9 MJDigoxin; Uremia; Verapamil MNDrug Interactions; Hemodialysis; Kinetics; Middle Age; Uremia /TH MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0301-0430 LAEnglish JCDEY SBM UI86003001 TIMembranous glomerulonephritis in rheumatoid arthritis unrelated to gold or penicillamine treatment [letter] AUEvers J; Statz T; Dickmans HA; Renner E EM8601 SOClin Nephrol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 24(3) p159 MJArthritis, Rheumatoid; Glomerulonephritis /ET MNGlomerulonephritis /CI; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human RN0 (thrombin receptor); 9000-94-6 (Antithrombin III); 9001-24-5 (Factor V); 9001-25-6 (Factor VII); 9001-26-7 (Prothrombin); 9001-29-0 (Factor X); 9001-30-3 (Factor XII); 9001-31-4 (Fibrin); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen); 9013-55-2 (Factor XI); 9013-56-3 (Factor XIII); 9055-02-1 (Prekallikrein) IS0308-2261 LAEnglish JCDE7 SBM UI86003002 TIFormation of the fibrin clot: the balance of procoagulant and inhibitory factors. ABLet us now briefly summarize some major known regulating mechanisms, most of which have already been discussed. A general regulating feature of the coagulation system is provided by the cofactors HMW-kininogen, tissue factor, factor V(a), factor VIII:C(a), protein S and thrombomodulin. Tissue factor and thrombomodulin, as cell membrane constituents, and the other cofactors, thanks to their affinity for certain surface sites, localize coagulation reactions and thus avoid generalized intravascular thrombosis when the clotting system is triggered. Thrombin activates factors V and VIII:C and activated protein C inactivates factors Va and VIII:Ca. Thrombin is regulated by AT III, alpha 2M and possibly heparin-cofactor II, whereby endothelial-cell-bound heparin-like molecules enhance thrombin neutralization. Moreover, binding of thrombin to thrombomodulin abolishes its clotting activity, at least in the case of rabbit thrombomodulin. Thrombin is able to cleave PT-fragment 1 from prothrombin, thus generating prethrombin 1, which lacks the gla-region and does not bind to phospholipids. The hypothesis that thrombin may regulate its own formation by this negative feedback, however, must probably be discarded, because no corresponding fragments are found after blood clotting in vitro (Aronson et al, 1977). Factor Xa and factor IXa are inhibited by AT III and endogenous heparin probably enhances their inactivation. However, phospholipid-bound factor Xa in the presence of factor Va (Marciniak, 1973) and phospholipid-bound factor IXa (Varadi and Elodi, 1982) are relatively protected from inhibition. Platelet-bound factor Xa is completely protected from AT III, even in the presence of heparin (Miletich et al, 1978). Thus, specific cell surface sites modulate the inhibition of proteases in situ. Factor XIa is inhibited by several protease inhibitors, the most important being alpha 1-AT. beta-factor XIIa is inhibited mainly by C1-inhibitor and kallikrein by both C1-inhibitor and alpha 2M. No serine protease inhibitor for factor VIIa is as yet known. However, after initial rapid activation by factor Xa, factor VIIa is subsequently proteolytically inactivated by factor Xa, resulting in a transient burst of factor Xa generation by factor VIIa (Morrison and Jesty, 1984). This proteolytic regulation of factor VIIa by factor Xa dampens factor IX or factor X activation via tissue factor-factor VIIa by feedback proteolytic inhibition and this may constitute a major regulatory mechanism for factor VIIa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) AULammle B ; Griffin JH EM8601 SOClin Haematol (England), Jun 1985, 14(2) p281-342 MJBlood Coagulation; Fibrin MNAlpha 1-Antitrypsin /PH; Antithrombin III /PH; Blood Cells /PH; Blood Coagulation Factors /PH; Complement 1 Inactivators /PH; Endothelium /PH; Factor VIII /PH; Factor VII /PH; Factor V /PH; Factor XIII /PH; Factor XII /PH; Factor XI /PH; Factor X /PH; Fibrinogen /PH; Kininogens /PH; Prekallikrein /PH; Protease Inhibitors /PH; Prothrombin /PH; Receptors, Endogenous Substances /PH MCReview MTHuman IS0308-2261 LAEnglish JCDE7 SBM UI86003003 TICoagulation disorders. EM8601 SOClin Haematol (England), Jun 1985, 14(2) p281-599 MJBlood Coagulation Disorders MTHuman RN0 (factor VIII clotting antigen) IS0308-2261 LAEnglish JCDE7 SBM UI86003004 TIFactor VIII procoagulant protein. AUZimmerman TS; Fulcher CA EM8601 IDHL 31950 SOClin Haematol (England), Jun 1985, 14(2) p343-58 MJFactor VIII /PH MNCarrier Proteins /PH; Chemistry; Cloning, Molecular; Factor VIII /AN /IP; Hemophilia /BL; Von Willebrand's Disease /BL MCReview MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9001-28-9 (Factor IX) IS0308-2261 LAEnglish JCDE7 SBM UI86003005 TIStructure and function of factor IX: defects in haemophilia B. ABThe genetics of haemophilia B and the structure-function relationships of factor IX interactions with cofactors and substrates have been reviewed. Emphasis has been placed on contributions to our understanding made by analysis of variants. Amino acid substitutions at or near the site of activation lead to inactive factor IX or to factor IX species with decreased clotting activity. Release of the activation peptide is necessary for optimal interaction of factor IX with its cofactors and substrates. Abnormalities in the calcium binding region, whether Gla independent or dependent, also decrease clotting activity. The defects in haemophilia Bm variants somehow affect factor VII-tissue factor interactions with factor X. Other mutations may affect the factor IX heavy chain, probably at or near the active site. Amino acid substitutions may cause conformational changes in factor IX that interfere with other interactions such as with antithrombin III and factor VIII. Recombinant DNA techniques have been employed to analyse normal and abnormal factor IX genes. DNA sequence analysis of factor IX cDNA clones revealed the primary structure of the mature protein and a predicted leader peptide. Knowledge of the primary sequence of factor IX allowed identification of the specific defect in the factor IX Chapel Hill variant. Analysis of normal factor IX genomic clones has determined that the 35 kb gene is composed of eight coding exons and seven intervening sequences. Sequence analysis of the CRM+ variants will identify mutations disrupting the normal interactions of factor IX. Southern analysis of CRM- variants has revealed gross factor IX gene deletions in some cases. Such deletions have been employed for carrier deletion in some families. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the factor IX gene have also proven useful for carrier identification. Manipulations of the cloned factor IX gene to make specific mutations in vitro and improvements in the technology for expression of deliberately modified genes will further elucidate the relationships between factor IX structure and function. AUMcGraw RA; Davis LM; Lundblad RL; Stafford DW; Roberts HR EM8601 IDHL 06350; HL 07149 SOClin Haematol (England), Jun 1985, 14(2) p359-83 MJChristmas Disease; Factor IX /PH MNAmino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Blood Coagulation; Chemistry; Christmas Disease /FG; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Recombinant; Dogs; Factor IX /GE /IP; Structure-Activity Relationship; Variation (Genetics) MCReview MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0308-2261 LAEnglish JCDE7 SBM UI86003007 TIAcquired coagulation disorders. ABAn outline has been given of the major abnormalities of coagulation which can occur secondary to diseases in previously normal individuals. First, the disorders due to deficiency of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors are described. Vitamin K deficiency can occur in the newborn, or at later stages in life when there is intestinal malabsorption. The malabsorption disorders, such as coeliac disease, together with major abdominal surgery or prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can give rise to vitamin K deficiency. Additionally, in obstructive jaundice the lack of secretion of bile salts into the upper intestine causes vitamin K malabsorption. The use of oral anticoagulants is associated with haemorrhage in a small proportion of patients. These patients usually have an excessively prolonged prothrombin time, due to overdosage with anticoagulants, but occasionally haemorrhage can occur from a localized bleeding site, such as a duodenal ulcer, in patients under good anticoagulant control. The large number of drugs which can interact with anticoagulants are listed, from which it can be seen that careful monitoring of all patients on oral anticoagulants must be carried out. The haemostatic defects associated with liver disease are then tabulated. In this situation abnormalities may be due to deficient synthesis of coagulation factors in hepatocellular failure, by failure of vitamin K absorption, and also by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). DIC occurs in hepatocellular failure, because the liver cells are normally responsible for clearing activated products of the coagulation and fibrinolytic enzyme systems. The presence of clinical haemorrhage and haemostatic breakdown in hepatic disease usually indicates a serious prognosis, but appropriate replacement therapy is indicated in this situation. Disseminated intravascular coagulation embraces a large number of clinical haemorrhagic syndromes, where intravascular activation of the coagulation system takes place accompanied by compensatory fibrinolytic activity. DIC can be initiated by intravascular release of procoagulant substances, such as tissue thromboplastin, or by damage to vascular endothelium and platelets. The main clinical conditions associated with DIC comprise the severe infections and septicaemias, obstetric accidents, shock and trauma, neoplasia and snake-bite envenoming. In all instances, the pathophysiological disorder of haemostasis is managed by treating the underlying disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) AUPrentice CR EM8601 SOClin Haematol (England), Jun 1985, 14(2) p413-42 MJBlood Coagulation Disorders MNAnemia, Hemolytic /DI; Anticoagulants /AE; Autoimmune Diseases /DI; Bacterial Infections /CO; Blood Coagulation Disorders /ET; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation /ET /TH; Drug Interactions; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome /DI; Hemorrhagic Disease of Newborn /DI; Heparin /TU; Infant, Newborn; Liver Diseases /CO; Malabsorption Syndromes /CO; Mental Disorders /DI; Neoplasms /CO; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic /DI; Shock /CO; Snake Bites /CO; Vitamin K Deficiency /DI; Wounds and Injuries /CO MCReview MTFemale; Human IS0308-2261 LAEnglish JCDE7 SBM UI86003008 TINewborn haemostasis. ABAlthough reliable haemostasis testing is difficult to obtain in the newborn infant, information gained from such testing is important to the diagnosis of hereditary and acquired haemostatic disorders. Newborn infants are at risk for developing haemorrhage or thrombosis when provoked by various pathological stimuli. Haemostasis screening tests and factor assays must be interpreted using gestational age-specific normal ranges. Frequently, the comparison of several factor assays provides the necessary information to diagnose and treat neonatal haemostatic abnormalities. AUMontgomery RR; Marlar RA; Gill JC EM8601 SOClin Haematol (England), Jun 1985, 14(2) p443-60 MJBlood Coagulation Disorders MNBlood Coagulation Disorders /TH; Blood Coagulation Factors /PH; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelet Disorders /TH; Blood Platelets /PH; Cerebral Hemorrhage /DI; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation /DI /TH; Hemophilia /DI /TH; Infant, Newborn; Mass Screening; Protein Deficiency /DI; Thrombocytopenia /CN /TH; Thrombosis /DI /TH; Vitamin K Deficiency /DI; Von Willebrand's Disease /DI MCReview MTHuman RN16679-58-6 (Desmopressin) IS0308-2261 LAEnglish JCDE7 SBM UI86003009 TIVon Willebrand disease. AUHolmberg L; Nilsson IM EM8601 SOClin Haematol (England), Jun 1985, 14(2) p461-88 MJVon Willebrand's Disease MNBlood Platelets /PH; Blood Vessels /PH; Chemistry; Desmopressin /TU; Diagnosis, Differential; Genes, Dominant; Genes, Recessive; Genetic Counseling; Syndrome; Von Willebrand Factor /AN /ME; Von Willebrand's Disease /DI /TH MCReview MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (Factor IX, activated); 16679-58-6 (Desmopressin); 37224-63-8 (prothrombin complex concentrates); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 60-32-2 (6-Aminocaproic Acid); 9001-28-9 (Factor IX) IS0308-2261 LAEnglish JCDE7 SBM UI86003010 TIComprehensive management of haemophilia. ABHaemophilia is a congenital, life-long disorder that may cause major disabilities. The goal of comprehensive care is to prevent problems when possible, to treat early in order to minimize morbidity, and to restore function to disabled patients. The co-ordinated efforts of many experts are needed for success. AUKasper CK; Dietrich SL EM8601 SOClin Haematol (England), Jun 1985, 14(2) p489-512 MJHemophilia MN6-Aminocaproic Acid /TU; Analgesics /TU; Anti-Inflammatory Agents /TU; Arthritis /PC; Blood Coagulation Factors /TU; Blood Transfusion; Christmas Disease /TH; Dental Care; Desmopressin /TU; Estrogens /TU; Factor IX /TU; Factor VIII /TU; Hemorrhage /TH; Oral Hygiene; Plasma; Progesterone /TU; Self Administration; Surgery, Operative; Swine; Synovitis /PC MCReview MTAnimal; Human RNEC 3.4.21.- (Plasminogen Activators); 0 (plasminogen activator inhibitor); 0 (plasminogen proactivator) IS0308-2261 LAEnglish JCDE7 SBM UI86003011 TIThe fibrinolytic system of the vascular wall. ABThe vascular endothelium produces both PAs and a PAI. The activities of these components in the circulation must be regulated precisely to ensure that normal vascular homeostasis is not compromised. The blood contains a number of molecules that may function in this way by either promoting or inhibiting the synthesis, release and/or activity of the PAs and PAI. It is clear that the regulation of this system is considerably more complex than previously thought. For example, the initiation of fibrin dissolution is influenced by a number of additional factors including fibrin itself, pro-activators, PAI, platelet components (including the PAI), and possibly by APC generated at the endothelial cell surface. Despite the many recent advances discussed above, little is known about the temporal control of the events leading to plasminogen activation during thrombus formation and dissolution. Obviously, such information must be obtained before more effective treatments of abnormal vascular fibrinolytic activity can be developed. In this chapter, we have described a number of reagents and assays that should aid in the quantification of the PAs and the PAI in plasma. Eventual utilization of these assays in a clinical setting may be valuable for the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of abnormalities of the vascular fibrinolytic system. AUErickson LA; Schleef RR; Ny T; Loskutoff DJ EM8601 IDHL16411; HL22289 SOClin Haematol (England), Jun 1985, 14(2) p513-30 MJBlood Vessels; Fibrinolysis MNEndothelium /PH; Enzyme Precursors /PH; Glycoproteins /AN /PH; Plasminogen Activators /AN /PH MCReview MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9001-26-7 (Prothrombin); 9001-28-9 (Factor IX); 9001-29-0 (Factor X); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen) IS0308-2261 LAEnglish JCDE7 SBM UI86003013 TIGenetic engineering and coagulation factors. ABIt is unfortunate that we cannot report, in the area of coagulation, advances that have been seen in related fields such as thrombolytic therapy. The reported progress (Gold et al, 1984; Van de Werf et al, 1984) with human recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (Pennica et al, 1983) augers well for the application of recombinant technology to the problems faced by patients with coagulation defects. While plasminogen activator is being assessed in an acute therapeutic setting, its use signals a beginning of the application of the technology to abnormalities of the haemostatic mechanism. Chronic administration of coagulation factors for prophylaxis and replacement therapy would appear to be just one more step down the pathway illuminated by the biochemists, microbiologists and cell biologists who have preceded the clinicians in this promising area. There is no record of the use of genetically engineered materials in the treatment of coagulation defects, primarily because the body of knowledge and refined techniques have only recently been acquired. For this reason we have had to project developments in other areas onto the problems that exist for the haemostatically compromised patient. In describing the potential usefulness of these technologies, it is difficult to ascertain where the logical projection, from a fully investigated model system, diverges from flights of imaginative fancy. Cloning projects considered overly ambitious and grandiose at the beginning of this decade are already accomplished feats. The feasibility of gene therapy in the mammalian system has been demonstrated, and trade publications now discuss governmental approval for investigative use of this procedure in 1985. Panels of physicians, scientists and even politicians now seriously contemplate and promulgate views and regulations pertaining to the efficacy and ethics of the use of genetic engineering in the treatment of human disease. The haemophilias will certainly be among the first genetic diseases to be approached with the techniques of recombinant DNA technology. Diagnostic testing, using cloned DNA, is already underway and therapeutic trials are predicted for the near future. Every observer of this rapidly growing field has to define for himself when the future is. For the potential carrier of haemophilia B, the future is now. For the physician managing the patient with a haemophilic inhibitor, the future can't come soon enough. And, for those who are concerned with man's tampering with the gene pools of living things, from viruses to humans, the future comes too quickly to be dealt with in a rational and understanding way. AUFass DN; Toole JJ EM8601 SOClin Haematol (England), Jun 1985, 14(2) p547-70 MJBlood Coagulation Factors; Genetic Intervention MNAutoimmune Diseases /TH; Blood Coagulation Disorders /DI /TH; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Recombinant; Factor IX /GE; Factor VIII /GE; Factor X /GE; Fibrinogen /GE; Genes; Mice; Prenatal Diagnosis; Prothrombin /GE; Rats MCReview MTAnimal; Human RNEC 3.4.- (Streptokinase); 50-78-2 (Aspirin); 9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0160-9289 LAEnglish JCDE9 SBM UI86003015 TIManagement of patients after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. ABThe coronary artery thrombus that causes acute myocardial infarction can be lysed, and reperfusion can be achieved, in the first few hours after infarction. However, the infarct vessel will reocclude in 15-30% of patients, and this event is frequently associated with pain, reinfarction, arrhythmias, or death. The risk of reocclusion is greatest in patients with high-grade residual stenosis after thrombolysis. Percutaneous coronary angioplasty may be performed safely after thrombolytic therapy. Angioplasty effectively decreases the degree of residual stenosis, and may thereby reduce the risk of reocclusion and consequent ischemic events. However, a substantial proportion of patients with acute infarction are not suitable candidates for angioplasty. Coronary artery bypass surgery has also been safely performed within several days after thrombolytic therapy. Further studies are needed to determine which patients will benefit most from this aggressive approach to acute myocardial infarction. AUGoldberg RK; Levine S; Fenster PE EM8601 SOClin Cardiol (United States), Sep 1985, 8(9) p455-9 MJMyocardial Infarction; Streptokinase MNAngioplasty, Transluminal; Aortocoronary Bypass; Aspirin /TU; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronary Circulation /DE; Coronary Disease /DT; Heparin /TU; Recurrence MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58-61-7 (Adenosine) IS0160-9289 LAEnglish JCDE9 SBM UI86003016 TIAdenosine triphosphate and adenosine: perspectives in the acute management of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. ABAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine exert strong and transient depressant effects on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular (AV) nodes of the human heart. The AV nodal effects of these drugs explain their high efficacy in either terminating AV re-entrant supraventricular tachycardia or in slowing ventricular rate during atrial tachyarrhythmias. Their very short half-life enables repeated administration of increased doses without reaching toxic effects and explains the transient character of their frequent but benign side effects. These agents represent a good alternative to verapamil in the acute management of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia both in infants and adults. AUBelhassen B; Pelleg A EM8601 SOClin Cardiol (United States), Sep 1985, 8(9) p460-4 MJAdenosine Triphosphate /TU; Adenosine /TU; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal MNAdenosine Triphosphate /AE; Adenosine /AE; Atrioventricular Node /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrocardiography; Heart Rate /DE MTHuman RN23288-60-0 (Technetium Tc 99m Pertechnetate) IS0160-9289 LAEnglish JCDE9 SBM UI86003017 TIRest-exercise radionuclide angiographic assessment of left ventricular function in chronic aortic regurgitation: significance of serial studies in medically versus surgically treated groups. ABForty consecutive asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation who underwent three serial yearly rest and postexercise radionuclide angiograms were compared with 27 consecutive patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and aortic valve replacement who were studied preoperatively, 3 and 15 months postoperatively. Patients were divided into four subgroups based upon the resting left ventricular ejection fraction and the functional reserve on the initial study. Of the 40 medically treated patients, 19 (47.5%) and 24 (60%) demonstrated a response at least one type lower at 12 months and 24 months, respectively. Initial functional reserve, initial duration of exercise, and the change in exercise duration during the 24 months was not associated with changes in resting or postexercise left ventricular ejection fraction. A seesaw pattern was observed between the resting and the postexercise left ventricular ejection fraction as ventricular function deteriorated. We observed in the surgical groups a reversal of the seesaw interaction between the resting and postexercise ejection fraction seen in the medical patients. In the surgical groups the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, initial functional reserve, initial duration of exercise, and change in exercise duration postoperatively were not predictors of improvement in left ventricular function at 15 months. Comparing medical and surgical serial data, we suggest yearly radionuclide angiographic determination of rest left ventricular ejection fraction in asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. When the rest ejection fraction is less than 50%, exercise angiography should be performed to determine functional reserve. When functional reserve is also abnormal, surgery should be recommended. AULumia FJ; MacMillan RM; Germon PA; Kornberg B; Fernandez J; Maranhao V EM8601 SOClin Cardiol (United States), Sep 1985, 8(9) p465-76 MJAortic Valve Insufficiency; Cardiac Output; Exertion; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Myocardial Contraction MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Aortic Valve Insufficiency /SU; Child; Chronic Disease; Coronary Circulation; Heart Rate; Heart Ventricle /RI; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications /RI; Technetium Tc 99m Pertechnetate /DU MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN42399-41-7 (Diltiazem) IS0160-9289 LAEnglish JCDE9 SBM UI86003018 TIEfficacy of diltiazem for medically refractory stable angina: long-term follow-up. ABTo assess the efficacy of long-term diltiazem therapy when added to beta blockers and nitrates, we prospectively studied patients with chronic exertional angina who were determined to have medically refractory angina pectoris which was too severe to enter placebo-controlled studies. The mean follow-up time was 24.6 months (8-47 months) and all patients were seen every 2-4 months. Angina frequency decreased from a prediltiazem frequency of 9.5 episodes per week (1-40 per week) to 3.3 attacks per week (0-21 per week) at 6 months and 3.3 attacks per week (0-40 per week) at the patients's last evaluation. Similar reductions in nitroglycerin consumption were reported. Five patients had an increase in angina frequency during the mean 24.6 months of follow-up, which necessitated coronary bypass surgery, 8, 10, 12, 19, and 23 months after study entry, respectively. Diltiazem daily dosage ranged from 120 to 480 mg/day, the mean daily dose was 298 mg/day. Twenty (65%) patients remained on beta-blocker therapy and 19 (61%) patients on nitrate therapy in an effort to achieve a completely pain-free state. New cardiovascular events were documented in 3 patients during the follow-up period, with one patient having an uncomplicated myocardial infarction at 6 months, one patient hospitalized for prolonged chest pain at 2 months, and one patient dying following cardioversion for unrelated atrial fibrillation at 14 months poststudy entry. Adverse effects were reported during 19 of the 354 patient visits, but no patient had to stop therapy because of these. Sinus bradycardia required reduction of beta-blocker dosage in three patients and prolonged PR interval was observed in two additional patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUSchroeder JS; Beier-Scott L; Ginsburg R; Bristow MR; McAuley BJ EM8601 SOClin Cardiol (United States), Sep 1985, 8(9) p480-5 MJAngina Pectoris; Benzazepines; Diltiazem /TU MNAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /TU; Adult; Aged; Aortocoronary Bypass; Blood Pressure /DE; Coronary Circulation /DE; Diltiazem /AE; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Rate /DE; Middle Age; Nitrates /TU MTFemale; Human; Male RN63590-64-7 (terazosine) IS0160-9289 LAEnglish JCDE9 SBM UI86003019 TIAntihypertensive effectiveness of terazosin: a new long-acting alpha-adrenergic inhibitor. ABEighteen patients ages 35-70 years (mean +/- SEM 58 +/- 2) with poorly controlled hypertension on various regimens, participated in the present studies. After a 4-week placebo-controlled lead-in period, 12 patients were randomized to terazosin treatment and 6 to placebo. They were followed in the clinic every 2 weeks for 13 weeks, where their supine (5 min) and the upright (2 min) arterial pressure and heart rate were measured. In addition, all patients had a complete laboratory evaluation at the beginning and end of the study. Depending on pressure response, the experimental drug was increased at each visit from 1.0 mg/day to 2.0, 5.0, 15.0, and 20.0 mg/day, if the supine diastolic pressure was greater than 90 mmHg. Terazosin decreased the systolic and diastolic pressure in both the supine and upright positions, and had no significant effect on heart rate. Placebo did not exert any effects on either arterial pressure or heart rate. No adverse clinical or metabolic effects were observed with the administration of either terazosin or placebo. We conclude that: Terazosin is a new effective long-acting alpha blocker given in combination with other antihypertensive drugs, and it is safe and well tolerated by the patients. AUChrysant SG; Bal IS; Johnson B; McPherson MA EM8601 SOClin Cardiol (United States), Sep 1985, 8(9) p486-9 MJAdrenergic Alpha Receptor Blockaders; Hypertension; Piperazines MNBlood Pressure /DE; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method MTHuman IS0160-9289 LAEnglish JCDE9 SBM UI86003020 TIManagement of the prolonged QT syndrome and recurrent ventricular fibrillation with an implantable automatic cardioverter-defibrillator. ABTwo patients with the prolonged QT syndrome and recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmias are presented, one of them refractory to combination antiarrhythmic drug therapy and bilateral stellate ganglion blockade. We implanted and tested in vivo an automatic cardioverter-defibrillator to provide a cardiac monitoring system with the capability of delivering a 25 J electrical discharge to the heart if rapid ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation is detected. Arrhythmia induction in the electrophysiology laboratory confirmed the appropriate recognition of the arrhythmias in each patient, with prompt discharge of the device and resultant termination of the tachycardias. We suggest that implantation of such a device may provide an effective adjunct to antiarrhythmic drug therapy in the management of infrequent, but potentially lethal, ventricular arrhythmias occurring in patients with the prolonged QT syndrome. AUPlatia EV; Griffith LS; Watkins L; Mirowski M; Mower MM; Reid PR EM8601 IDRR00035-21; RR00722-9 SOClin Cardiol (United States), Sep 1985, 8(9) p490-3 MJArrhythmia; Electric Countershock; Heart Arrest; Long QT Syndrome /TH; Ventricular Fibrillation /TH MNAdult; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Combined Modality Therapy; Electrocardiography; Exercise Test; Long QT Syndrome /DI; Recurrence; Ventricular Fibrillation /DI MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN4360-12-7 (Ajmaline); 52-53-9 (Verapamil); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0160-9289 LAEnglish JCDE9 SBM UI86003021 TIA case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: conduction through the Kent bundle seems to depend on the serum potassium level. ABA 72-year-old man with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and sick sinus syndrome had colon cancer, suggesting that the conduction of the Kent bundle depends on the serum potassium level. Because of severe diarrhea or furosemide administration, the serum potassium level in this patient was sometimes low. When it was less than 3.0 mEq/l delta wave or re-entrant tachycardia via the Kent bundle occurred. These were suppressed by the administration of potassium. On the other hand, when the serum potassium level was normal or high, neither effect was noted, and electrophysiological studies, done when the level was 3.2 mEq/l, showed no evidence of conduction by the accessory pathway. This suggests that conduction through the Kent bundle depends on the serum potassium level. AUNakahara Y; Nakahara Y; Matsuyama E EM8601 SOClin Cardiol (United States), Sep 1985, 8(9) p494-8 MJElectrocardiography; Heart Conduction System /PP; Potassium; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome /PP MNAged; Ajmaline /TU; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heart Conduction System /DE; Pacemaker, Artificial; Potassium /TU; Verapamil /TU; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome /DT MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0160-9289 LAEnglish JCDE9 SBM UI86003022 TIRight ventricular subendocardial infarction in a patient with pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and normal coronary arteries. ABRight ventricular infarction is usually associated with coronary artery disease and concomitant left ventricular infarction. Isolated right ventricular subendocardial necrosis was discovered at autopsy in a 52-year-old woman with pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and normal coronary arteries, who died with septicemia 41 days after mitral valve replacement. This represents the first well-documented report of isolated right ventricular subendocardial infarction associated with normal coronary arteries. AUCarlson EB; Reimer KA; Rankin JS; Peter RH; McCormack KM; Alexander LG EM8601 ID17670 SOClin Cardiol (United States), Sep 1985, 8(9) p499-502 MJCoronary Vessels; Heart Enlargement; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Myocardial Infarction MNBioprosthesis; Endocardium /PA; Enterobacteriaceae Infections /PA; Enterobacter; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Heart Ventricle /PA; Middle Age; Mitral Valve Insufficiency /SU; Myocardium /PA; Necrosis; Postoperative Complications /PA; Septicemia /PA MTCase Report; Female; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0160-9289 LAEnglish JCDE9 SBM UI86003023 TIAgustin W. Castellanos. AUCastellanos A; Castellanos AM PSCastellanos AW EM8601 SOClin Cardiol (United States), Sep 1985, 8(9) p503-6 MNCardiology /HI; Cuba; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Portraits; United States MCCurrent Biog-Obit; Historical Article IS0262-0898 LAEnglish JCDFC SBM; X UI86003063 TIPurity and transplantation properties of tumor cell suspensions. ABCell debris is inevitably produced by the mechanical and enzymatic procedures used to dissociate solid tumors. We investigated the influence of such debris on the i.v. and s.c. transplantability of B16 melanoma cells. Cell suspensions were centrifuged on a Percoll cushion to remove the debris, and the purified preparations were compared to untreated control suspensions. The i.v. injection of a massive dose (10(6) cells) of unpurified cells killed the animals within a few minutes, while the same amount of purified cells left the animals unaffected. When 5 X 10(5) cells were given, animals receiving purified cell suspensions had more extrapulmonary tumors at their time of death than those given unpurified cells. However, with a lower cell dose, 2 X 10(4) cells, there were no such differences in tumor incidence or distribution. AUErkell LJ; Ryd W; Hagmar B EM8601 SOClin Exp Metastasis (England), Jan-Mar 1985, 3(1) p1-5 MJMelanoma MNCell Aggregation; Cell Separation; Cell Survival; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Research Design MTAnimal IS0262-0898 LAEnglish JCDFC SBM; X UI86003064 TIIncrease in radiosensitivity of lung micrometastases by hyperbaric oxygen. ABFour-day-old artificial pulmonary micrometastases of two murine fibrosarcomas, designated FSA and NFSA, showed increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation by a factor of 1.13 when animals were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen breathing before and during irradiation, implying the presence of hypoxia in the micrometastases. At the time of irradiation the diameter of FSA and NFSA metastases was smaller than 200 and 100 microns, respectively, which, on the basis of oxygen diffusion, could not be responsible for hypoxia. It is assumed that hypoxia of micrometastases is passive, reflecting the radiobiological hypoxia of lung tissue that could exist under normal breathing conditions. AUMilas L; Hunter NM; Ito H; Brock WA; Peters LJ EM8601 IDCA-06294 SOClin Exp Metastasis (England), Jan-Mar 1985, 3(1) p21-7 MJFibrosarcoma; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Lung Neoplasms MNFibrosarcoma /SC; Lung Neoplasms /SC; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Radiation Tolerance; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51023-63-3 (methylmannoside) IS0262-0898 LAEnglish JCDFC SBM; X UI86003065 TIInteraction of high or low metastatic related tumor lines with normal or lymphokine-activated syngeneic peritoneal macrophages: in vitro analysis of tumor cell binding and cytostasis. ABPeritoneal macrophages from normal DBA/2 mice were found to bind significantly more cells of a syngeneic low metastatic lymphoma line (Eb) than cells of a high metastatic variant (ESb) derived therefrom. These differences were observed in three different assays, at 4 degrees C and at 37 degrees C, and at various ratios of macrophages to tumor cells. Upon co-culture with normal macrophages, a tumor cytostatic effect was consistently observed with Eb but not with ESb tumor cells. Further experiments indicated that macrophages exerted their growth inhibitory effect via direct tumor cell contact. Pre-treatment of tumor cells with neuraminidase or pre-treatment of macrophages with lens culinaris lectin increased the numbers of macrophages binding Eb and ESb tumor cells. Addition of D-galactose or D-mannose at 50 mM concentration led to an increase of tumor cell binding and tumor cytostatic activity. Taken together, these results suggest (i) that carbohydrates play a role in tumor cell recognition by macrophages and (ii) that the differences observed between Eb and ESb tumor cells may be due to differences in the expression of carbohydrates. Pre-activation of the macrophages by lymphokine(s) led to a short increase in their tumor cell binding capacity. Lymphokine activation resulted in a strong but also short-lived increase of tumor cytostatic potential. This was effective against both the low and the high metastatic tumor line. AUSchirrmacher V; Appelhans B EM8601 SOClin Exp Metastasis (England), Jan-Mar 1985, 3(1) p29-43 MJLymphoma; Macrophages; Neoplasm Metastasis MNBinding, Competitive; Cell Adhesion; Cell Division; Cell Line; Lectins /ME; Lymphokines /PD; Lymphoma /PA; Methylmannosides /ME; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice; Sialic Acids /PH MTAnimal RN9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0262-0898 LAEnglish JCDFC SBM; X UI86003066 TIAttachment, spreading and growth in vitro of highly malignant and low malignant murine fibrosarcoma cells. ABHighly malignant cell lines and low-malignant cell lines isolated from three different methylcholanthrene-induced murine fibrosarcomas were examined for their ability to attach to plastic dishes and collagen-coated dishes under serum-free conditions and in the presence of serum. Most of the cells from the three highly malignant lines attached and spread under all conditions. By 72 h, there was a significant increase in the number of cells indicating that at least some of the cells had undergone division (even in the absence of serum). In contrast, fewer of the cells from the three low-malignant lines attached and spread on the plastic or collagen substrates in the absence of serum or in the presence of 0.1 per cent serum. However, when 15 micrograms laminin per dish was added along with the low-malignant cells, they then attached and spread on the plastic and collagen-coated dishes. Previous studies have indicated that the highly malignant lines express cell surface antigens that cross-react with laminin while the low-malignant cell lines do not. We speculate that the differences between the high- and low-malignant cells in the expression of cell surface laminin-like antigens contribute to the dissimilarities in attachment and spreading capacity. These differences may also contribute to the dissimilarity between these cells in malignant potential. AUVarani J; Grimstad IA; Knibbs RN; Hovig T; McCoy JP EM8601 IDCA 20324; CA36132 SOClin Exp Metastasis (England), Jan-Mar 1985, 3(1) p45-59 MJLymphoma MNCell Adhesion; Collagen /ME; Gels; Laminin /ME; Mice; Plastics MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0262-0898 LAEnglish JCDFC SBM; X UI86003067 TIRelationship of macrophage content, immunogenicity, and metastatic potential of a murine osteosarcoma of recent origin. ABThe purpose of these studies was to determine whether the high macrophage content (greater than 50 per cent) of the 90Sr-induced osteogenic sarcoma J (Os-J) of recent origin correlated with its immunogenicity or low metastatic potential. Cloning experiments demonstrated that the Os-J tumor is heterogeneous with regard to the production of experimental pulmonary metastases. Immunization-challenge studies in syngeneic mice and comparisons of tumor growth in normal or nude mice established that the slow growing Os-J tumor is poorly immunogenic. In vitro studies demonstrated that the Os-J tumor is highly susceptible to macrophages-mediated lysis. This may explain the slow growth of the tumor in normal recipients with an intact mononuclear phagocyte system, as compared with the more rapid emergence of tumors in macrophage-suppressed mice. However, spontaneous metastases of the Os-J tumor were not observed either in normal or macrophage-suppressed mice. Although a high macrophage infiltration of neoplasms could slow tumor growth, this was not associated with the immunogenicity of the neoplasm and did not appear to limit the spontaneous metastasis of this essentially benign neoplasm. AUTalmadge JE; Uithoven KA; Reif AE EM8601 IDNC1-CO-23910; CA 15952 SOClin Exp Metastasis (England), Jan-Mar 1985, 3(1) p61-72 MJMacrophages; Neoplasm Metastasis; Sarcoma, Osteogenic /PA MNCytotoxicity, Immunologic; Melanoma /PA; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Sarcoma, Osteogenic /IM MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 57-22-7 (Vincristine) IS0262-0898 LAEnglish JCDFC SBM; X UI86003068 TIInvestigation of a new murine model of regional lymph node metastasis: characteristics of the model and applications. ABThe RC tumor, originally a renal adenocarcinoma very sensitive to different classes of chemotherapeutic agents, maintained in CDF 1 mice, was examined for its ability to metastasize. When inoculated into the foot (with 10(7) tumor cells), bulky metastases developed in the popliteal and para-aortic lymph nodes, in a constant and reproducible pattern, producing a massive microscopic invasion of the liver, the lungs and the spleen. The antigenicity tests demonstrated a low immunogenicity of the tumor. Chemotherapy assays showed that adriamycin and vincristine were effective against metastatic dissemination when administered early after tumor cell inoculation and principally when combined with excision of the tumor-bearing leg. The RC model appears to be suitable for the study of lymph node metastasis and could be used in chemotherapy trials of new drugs potentially effective against metastases of the lymphatic system. AUVandendris M; Dumont P; Semal P; Heimann R; Atassi G EM8601 SOClin Exp Metastasis (England), Jan-Mar 1985, 3(1) p7-19 MJAdenocarcinoma; Disease Models, Animal; Kidney Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis MNAdenocarcinoma /TH; Cell Division; Doxorubicin /TU; Immunization; Kidney Neoplasms /TH; Lung /PA; Lymph Nodes /PA; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Organ Weight; Spleen /PA; Thymus Gland /AH; Vincristine /TU MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.- (Plasminogen Activators) IS0262-0898 LAEnglish JCDFC SBM; X UI86003069 TILocalization of plasminogen activator(s) in primary and secondary rat adenocarcinoma cells. AUNg R; Wong A; Kellen JA EM8601 SOClin Exp Metastasis (England), Jan-Mar 1985, 3(1) p73 MJAdenocarcinoma; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Plasminogen Activators MNNeoplasm Metastasis; Rats MTAnimal RNEC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase); EC 3.1.3.2 (Acid Phosphatase) IS0262-0898 LAEnglish JCDFC SBM; X UI86003070 TIThe course of metastatic disease originating from carcinoma of the prostate. ABThe purpose of this work was to study the time sequence and the patterns of the multistep spread of metastases. Fifty-one patients with stage D carcinoma of the prostate, previously treated for their primary tumor by surgery or radiotherapy combined with hormonal manipulation and for metastases by hormones and chemotherapy, were included in the study. The metastatic dissemination, characterized primarily by the appearance of bone metastases, could follow two distinct patterns: The first, characterized by sequential appearance of osteoblastic metastases, followed by the development of osteolytic bone lesions, and the second pattern, characterized by the simultaneous appearance of osteoblastic and osteolytic bone lesions. In cases with solely osteoblastic bone metastases, the lesions are hormone sensitive and long-lasting remissions could be obtained. The development of osteolytic bone lesions is usually accompanied by the recurrence of the primary tumor and appearance of metastases in other sites, such as the lymph nodes and lungs. Bone metastases became resistant to hormonal manipulation and with chemotherapy short remissions were obtained. The course of the terminal period is faster, with shorter survival times. The determination of serum acid and alkaline phosphatase levels seems to reflect the course of the disease during the initial period of the disease only, i.e. when bone metastases are sensitive to hormonal treatment. AUPlesnicar S EM8601 SOClin Exp Metastasis (England), Apr-Jun 1985, 3(2) p103-10 MJBone Neoplasms /SC; Prostatic Neoplasms /PA MNAcid Phosphatase /BL; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase /BL; Bone Neoplasms /PA; Drug Resistance; Hormones /TU; Middle Age; Osteoblasts /PA; Prostatic Neoplasms /MO MTHuman; Male RN24939-03-5 (Poly I-C); 68-11-1 (2-mercaptoacetate); 71012-19-6 (asialo GM1 ganglioside) IS0262-0898 LAEnglish JCDFC SBM; X UI86003071 TIInfluence of adoptively transferred thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages on metastasis formation in mice with depressed or stimulated NK activity. ABThe effect of thioglycollate-elicited macrophages (TG-M phi) on natural killer (NK)-cell activity and metastases formation in mice was investigated. Intravenously (i.v.) inoculated TG-M phi inhibited spleen NK activity of normal mice and abrogated polyinosinic: polycytidylic (poly I:C) induced augmentation of NK cell function. TG-M phi also inhibited the clearance of i.v.-injected radiolabeled B16 melanoma cells from the lungs of normal or poly I:C stimulated mice. Formation of experimental B16 melanoma metastases was dramatically increased in mice pretreated with TG-M phi. Administration of TG-M phi increased metastasis formation to a greater extent than anti-asialo GM1 serum, while anti-asGM1 serum was more efficient than TG-M phi in depressing spleen NK cell activity. When mice with low NK reactivity (beige mice or mice treated with anti-asialo GM1 serum) were inoculated with TG-M phi, there was a substantial additive augmenting effect on metastasis formation in the lungs. Treatment with poly I:C elevated NK-cell activity and had profound antimetastatic effects in normal but not in TG-M phi pretreated mice. The metastasis augmenting effect of TG-M phi was fully expressed in poly I:C-treated mice as well as in athymic nude mice. Inoculation of proteose peptone-elicited macrophages (PM phi), unlike TG-M phi, did not depress NK activity or augment metastasis formation in normal or poly I:C-treated mice. However, since the inhibition of NK activity in TG-M phi-treated mice was relatively weak, and a substantial additional increase in metastases was observed in NK-depressed mice after transfusion of TG-M phi, it seems unlikely that the TG-M phi-induced inhibition of NK reactivity is entirely responsible for the augmented formation of metastases. Further studies revealed that i.v. inoculation of TG-M phi, but not PM phi, induced intravascular inflammatory reactions, and damage to endothelial cells and basement membrane of the lung vasculature. These reactions may contribute to increased tumor cell extravasation and metastasis formation in mice pretreated with TG-M phi. AUGorelik E; Wiltrout RH; Brunda MJ; Bere WE; Herberman RB EM8601 SOClin Exp Metastasis (England), Apr-Jun 1985, 3(2) p111-23 MJKiller Cells, Natural; Macrophages /IM; Neoplasm Metastasis; Thioglycolates MNCytotoxicity, Immunologic; Glycosphingolipids /IM; Lung Neoplasms /SC; Macrophages /DE; Melanoma /PA; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Nude; Mice; Poly I-C /PD MTAnimal IS0262-0898 LAEnglish JCDFC SBM; X UI86003072 TILymph node metastasis and cell movement: ultrastructural studies on the rat 13762 mammary carcinoma and Walker carcinoma. ABThe aim of this study was to determine whether tumor cells move actively through the linings of lymph node sinuses. Using 13762 carcinoma in F344 rats, and Walker carcinoma in Wistar rats, 20 X 10(6) tumor cells were injected into the footpad, and the ipsilateral popliteal lymph node examined by transmission electron microscopy. The same tumors were examined by making standard cell spots on plastic or glass surfaces, and examining these by phase and reflection contrast microscopy, fluorescent microscopy after anti-actin and phallacidin staining and transmission electron microscopy. The 13762 cells do not migrate through the lining of the lymph node sinusoid, nor move actively in vitro. Ultrastructural appearances of the Walker rat carcinoma cells suggest that they move actively through the sinus lining. After 24 h in vitro the Walker rat carcinoma cells in the centre of the spot are adherent to the surface. There is some movement of the edge of the sheet, and individual tumor cells at the edge of the sheet move actively and independently. We conclude that the Walker rat carcinoma invades the lining of the lymph node sinusoid by active cell movement, and the 13762 carcinoma does not. AUCarr I; Levy M; Orr K; Bruni J EM8601 SOClin Exp Metastasis (England), Apr-Jun 1985, 3(2) p125-39 MJCarcinoma 256, Walker; Lymph Nodes; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Neoplasm Metastasis MNAdenocarcinoma /PA; Cell Movement; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Transplantation; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN148-82-3 (Melphalan); 154-93-8 (Carmustine); 15663-27-1 (Cisplatin); 67-68-5 (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) IS0262-0898 LAEnglish JCDFC SBM; X UI86003073 TIEnhancement of in vitro chemotherapeutic activity by dimethylsulfoxide. ABThe effects of the differentiation-inducing polar solvent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on the in vitro response of murine hepatocarcinoma cells to cisplatinum, BCNU, and melphalan were investigated using the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and cell survival assays. Growth of cells in medium containing 2 per cent DMSO enhanced drug-induced SCEs and cell kill. In order for the enhancement to occur, cells had to be exposed to DMSO for at least 48 h prior to drug treatment. The presence of DMSO during drug treatment did not affect cell response to the three chemotherapeutic agents. The enhancement of chemosensitivity was eliminated within 24 h of DMSO removal. These data suggest that the differentiation-inducing polar solvents may provide antineoplastic benefits when administered in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents. AUTofilon PJ; Vines CM; Milas L EM8601 IDCA-06294; CA-39465 SOClin Exp Metastasis (England), Apr-Jun 1985, 3(2) p141-50 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined; Dimethyl Sulfoxide /TU; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental MNCarmustine /TU; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cell Line; Cell Survival /DE; Cisplatin /TU; Dimethyl Sulfoxide /AD; Drug Administration Schedule; Melphalan /TU; Mice; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0262-0898 LAEnglish JCDFC SBM; X UI86003074 TIExpression of abl and other oncogenes is independent of metastatic potential in Abelson virus-transformed malignant murine large cell lymphoma. ABThe role of oncogene expression in tumor metastasis was examined using the Abelson leukemia virus-transformed murine large cell lymphoma RAW117. Cell sublines of low and high metastatic potential expressed equally abl oncogene-coded mRNA and its phosphoprotein product p160, and the capacity of p160 to become autophosphorylated with gamma-[32P]ATP was the same among low and high metastatic cells. The expression of other oncogene-coded mRNAs (fos, myc, myb), if present, was also similar in low and high metastatic RAW117 cells. Although oncogene expression is thought to be important in initiating, and in some cases maintaining, the transformed phenotype, its expression in RAW117 lymphoma cells appears to be unrelated to metastatic phenotype. AURotter V; Wolf D; Blick M; Nicolson GL EM8601 IDRO1-CA29571 SOClin Exp Metastasis (England), Apr-Jun 1985, 3(2) p77-86 MJGene Expression Regulation; Leukemia, Experimental; Lymphoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Oncogenes MNAbelson Leukemia Virus; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Phenotype; Phosphoproteins /BI; RNA, Messenger /AN; RNA, Neoplasm /ME MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0262-0898 LAEnglish JCDFC SBM; X UI86003075 TIAn image analysis system for the quantification of invasion in vitro. ABWe have tested the value of a computer-assisted image analysis program for the quantitative study of invasion in vitro using experiments that were previously described semi-quantitatively. Mouse fibrosarcoma cell (MO4) aggregates were confronted with precultured fragments of embryonic chick heart in organ culture. Confronting pairs were fixed after 1, 2, 3 and 4 days, and processed for paraffin sectioning and immunostaining with an antiserum against chick heart. The image analysis system allowed separate quantification of two aspects of invasion, namely, occupation of the heart tissue by MO4 cells and degeneration of the invaded heart tissue. Complex combination of occupation and invasion added a qualitative aspect of invasion that has not been described previously and that revealed qualitative differences in invasion under various circumstances. AUde Neve WJ; Storme GA; de Bruyne GK; Mareel MM EM8601 SOClin Exp Metastasis (England), Apr-Jun 1985, 3(2) p87-101 MJComputers; Fibrosarcoma; Image Enhancement MNChick Embryo; Heart Neoplasms /PA; Mathematics; Mice; Myocardium /PA; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Organ Culture MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); EC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone); 60-27-5 (Creatinine); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 745-65-3 (Alprostadil); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0147-958X LAEnglish JCDFG SBM UI86003076 TIEffect of enalapril on renin, angiotensin converting enzyme activity, aldosterone and prostaglandins in patients with hypertension. ABEnalapril (MK-421) was administered orally as a single dose of 2.5, 5.0, 10 and 20 mg to 13 patients with either essential or renovascular hypertension. At these doses, enalapril produced a moderate reduction in both supine and standing blood pressure as well as a significant reduction in angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity, an increase in peripheral plasma renin activity and a decrease in plasma aldosterone concentration 4 to 8 hours after administration of the drug. Plasma levels of prostaglandins E1 and E2 were unchanged. The calculated ratio of urinary Na/K was increased in the patients with renal artery stenosis after enalapril. Creatinine clearance was increased in the patients with essential hypertension and reduced in the patients with renal artery stenosis. No adverse effects occurred in these patients treated with single doses of enalapril. AULarochelle P; Gutkowska J; Schiffrin E; Kuchel O; Hamet P; Genest J EM8601 SOClin Invest Med (Canada), 1985, 8(3) p197-201 MJAldosterone; Enalapril /TU; Hypertension /DT; Kininase II; Renin MNAdult; Alprostadil /BL; Creatinine /UR; Enalapril /PD; Hypertension, Renovascular /BL /DT /EN; Hypertension /BL /EN; Middle Age; Potassium /UR; Prostaglandins E /BL; Sodium /UR MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN10043-52-4 (Calcium Chloride); 60-00-4 (EDTA); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0147-958X LAEnglish JCDFG SBM UI86003077 TISerum calcium does not influence the extraction of 125I-bovine parathyroid hormone by the dog liver in vivo. ABTo gain information regarding the possible influence of serum calcium on the hepatic extraction and early metabolism of the complete molecule of parathyroid hormone (PTH(1-84)) in vivo, we have studied the role of serum calcium on the fractional extraction and clearance of 125iodinated bovine parathyroid hormone, 125I-bPTH(1-84), by the dog liver in vivo. Dog serum calcium was increased by calcium chloride or decreased by sodium EDTA infusions. Hepatic blood flow, fractional hepatic extraction and hepatic clearance were calculated from dilution curves obtained by sampling the hepatic vein after injection of 125I-bPTH(1-84) and reference substances in the portal vein of anesthetized dogs. The gel chromatography profile of the 125I-radioactive substance injected and recovered was also analyzed to confirm results. Each dog was first studied in the basal state and then again after its serum calcium level was modified. Increasing or decreasing the serum calcium by 1.5 and 3 mg/dl in groups of at least five dogs had no effect on the hepatic blood flow, fractional hepatic extraction or hepatic clearance of 125I-bPTH(1-84). A negative correlation was found to exist between hepatic blood flow (ordinate) and fractional hepatic extraction (abscissa) of 125I-bPTH(1-84), both in the basal state (r = -.483, p less than .05, n = 24) and after having modified serum calcium (r = -.548, p less than .01, n = 24). The intercepts on the Y axis and the slopes of these correlations were statistically identical, again indicating that serum calcium had no effect on hepatic blood flow or fractional hepatic extraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUD'Amour P; Huet PM EM8601 SOClin Invest Med (Canada), 1985, 8(3) p202-7 MJCalcium; Liver; Parathyroid Hormones MNCalcium Chloride /PD; Cattle; Chromatography, Gel; Dogs; EDTA /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN58-93-5 (Hydrochlorothiazide); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0147-958X LAEnglish JCDFG SBM UI86003078 TIModulation of right and left ventricular wall thicknesses in experimental hypertension. ABEnalapril maleate and hydrochlorothiazide were administered over an 8-week period to groups of Dahl salt-sensitive and Dahl salt-resistant rats receiving either a high (8%) or low (0.4%) salt diet. Regional differences of interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular free wall thickness, right ventricular free wall thickness, right ventricular weight/body weight ratio, left ventricular weight/body ratio, and heart weights were determined. For salt-sensitive rats of both diet groups, lowering of blood pressure induced by either drug was associated with a reduction in cardiac weight which was localized to the left ventricle. For salt-resistant rats, irrespective of diet, the associated reduction of cardiac mass induced by enalapril maleate was largely confined to the right ventricle. Regional changes in tissue thickness were, however, not always associated with corresponding changes in tissue mass or blood pressure. These regional modulations appeared to be quite dependent on salt intake and the nature of the antihypertensive drug, for a given animal type, suggesting that pressure afterload is not the only factor in the pathogenesis of left and right ventricular hypertrophy. The responses of the right ventricle were not necessarily the same as those of the left ventricle to identical dietary and drug regimens. In all animal groups, ventricular mass and tissue thickness did not always change in the same sense, suggesting that alterations in the nature and packaging of the cellular constituents may be induced by the combined actions of the dietary salt and antihypertensive medications. AUFernandez D; Fernandez PG; Snedden W; Kim BK; Triggle CR; Idikio H; Lee CC EM8601 SOClin Invest Med (Canada), 1985, 8(3) p208-13 MJEnalapril /TU; Heart Enlargement; Hydrochlorothiazide /TU; Hypertension; Sodium Chloride MNEnalapril /PD; Hydrochlorothiazide /PD; Hypertension /PP; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0147-958X LAEnglish JCDFG SBM UI86003079 TIIncremental value of the exercise treadmill test in determining the extent of coronary artery disease: a discriminant function analysis. ABThis study was undertaken to determine whether it was possible to use a multivariate discriminant function analysis to assess the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with angina pectoris. One hundred and forty-three patients diagnosed as having angina pectoris who formed a 'learning group' were subjected to an exercise test on a treadmill using a Bruce protocol. The items of data from the test least likely to be influenced by beta blockade were considered for the analysis along with two discrete variables (the gender and the use of beta blockers). All the patients subsequently underwent coronary angiography and the severity of the coronary artery disease was graded according to a scoring system. In addition, patients in 'learning group' were classified into two 'Groups', (I) those with normal vessels or with disease in one or two of the major arteries, (II) those with disease in the left main stem or in all three major arteries. The multivariate analysis yielded a score based upon 4 factors: (i) gender, (ii) percentage increase in double product at the highest level of exercise achieved, (iii) duration of ST depression in the recovery period and (iv) the summation of the ST depression in the standard electrocardiogram excluding lead aVR. There was a significant overall correlation between the discriminant function score and the coronary artery score for severity of the disease. In addition, it was found that, of patients having discriminant function score below 0, 96% (69/72) were in Group I. The post-test risk of a positive test was 0.005.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUHaraphongse M; Senaratne M; Steljes A; Kappagoda T; Rossall RE EM8601 SOClin Invest Med (Canada), 1985, 8(3) p214-21 MJCoronary Disease MNAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /TU; Adult; Aged; Coronary Disease /DT; Coronary Vessels /RA; Exercise Test; Heart Catheterization; Middle Age MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN57-63-6 (Ethinyl Estradiol); 58-55-9 (Theophylline); 68-22-4 (Norethindrone) IS0147-958X LAEnglish JCDFG SBM UI86003080 TITheophylline pharmacokinetics in adolescent females following coadministration of oral contraceptives. ABThe influence of 3-9 months of combined low dose oral contraceptives on theophylline pharmacokinetics was studied in 10 adolescent females (age 15-18 years, mean +/- SD 17 +/- 1) and compared to 10 age-matched control subjects (age 13.8-19 years, mean +/- SD 16.5 +/- 1.6). The distribution volume (0.44 +/- 0.06 L/kg in control vs. 0.44 +/- 0.09 L/kg oral contraceptive group), total body clearance (0.78 +/- 0.13 ml/kg/min vs 0.78 +/- 0.18 ml/kg/min) and elimination T 1/2 (402 +/- 78 min vs. 409 +/- 126 min) were identical in the two groups. It appears that during the first 3-9 months of low dose oral contraceptive treatment, these steroids do not alter the pharmacokinetic behaviour of theophylline in adolescent females. AUKoren G; Chin TF; Correia J; Tesoro A; MacLeod SM EM8601 SOClin Invest Med (Canada), 1985, 8(3) p222-6 MJContraceptives, Oral, Combined; Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone; Theophylline MNAdolescence; Adult; Kinetics MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0147-958X LAEnglish JCDFG SBM UI86003081 TIKinetic analysis of cloning patterns by human marrow cells in leukemia. ABIn leukemia and preleukemic disorders the progeny of a single cell proliferate and ultimately come to occupy the hemopoietic system. In the process normal stem cells are suppressed and in time may become extinct. This implies that neoplastic clones have a biological advantage. In this paper evidence is presented that the cloning of granulocytic colony forming cells in the clonal hemopathies is influenced by cell products that regulate cloning of normal colony forming cells. We have attempted to develop an approach to the study of clone-clone interactions in order to determine at what level(s) the battle between clones is fought. Future studies on relative responsiveness might help in understanding the mechanisms by which normal hemopoiesis is suppressed during the evolution of leukemia and re-established during remission induction. AUGalbraith PR; Cooke LJ; Galbraith MA EM8601 SOClin Invest Med (Canada), 1985, 8(3) p227-31 MJBone Marrow; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Leukemia, Myeloblastic; Myelodysplastic Syndromes MNColony-Forming Units Assay; Culture Media; Kinetics; Preleukemia /PA MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0147-958X LAEnglish JCDFG SBM UI86003082 TIPostoperative exercise rehabilitation benefits children with congenital heart disease. ABPhysical fitness was assessed in children with congenital heart disease using seven tests designed to measure cardiovascular endurance, strength, flexibility and co-ordination. Test scores for age-matched healthy children were significantly higher than preoperative scores for patients. Postoperatively, the patients were divided into a control group and a physical training group. The training group was subsequently divided into compliant and non-compliant subgroups. Patients who complied with a simple six-week home program of physical activity training after surgery improved their test scores significantly (p less than .001) and were not significantly different from normal children. The scores of the non-compliant group remained below normal (p less than .01). When retested six months postop, the scores of all patient groups had improved; however, while there was no significant difference between the healthy and compliant groups, the scores of the non-compliant and control groups remained significantly below those of the healthy children (p less than .01). AULongmuir PE; Turner JA; Rowe RD; Olley PM EM8601 SOClin Invest Med (Canada), 1985, 8(3) p232-8 MJExercise Therapy; Heart Defects, Congenital /SU MNAdolescence; Child; Heart Defects, Congenital /RH; Postoperative Care MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0147-958X LAEnglish JCDFG SBM UI86003083 TIA prospective serial study of the effects of radiotherapy on semen parameters, and hamster egg penetration rates. ABCancer patients were studied before radiotherapy (RT) and at regular intervals after treatment (1, 3, 12, 24, 36, 48 months) to determine the effect of radiotherapy on semen parameters and sperm function as assessed by the hamster egg penetration assay. The cancer patients received testicular radiation doses of 0.4 to 5.0 grays (40 to 500 rads). The pre-radiotherapy semen profile varied considerably but in general the profile was poor: 7/11 men had a sperm concentration less than 20 X 10(6)/ml and a total count of less than 50 X 10(6), while the hamster egg penetration rates were also very low with a mean of 5% (range 0% to 15%). This is the first study demonstrating that sperm function as well as sperm concentration is impaired in cancer patients pre-radiotherapy. At 3 and 12 months post-radiotherapy, 8/11 men were azoospermic. By 24 months 8/11 were producing sperm although only 2 had hamster egg penetration rates greater than 15%. All men studied at 36 months (4) and 48 months (3) post-radiotherapy had recovered spermatogenesis but hamster egg penetration rates were still poor. There was a highly significant inverse correlation between testicular radiation dose and subsequent sperm concentration and hamster egg penetration rates. AUMartin RH; Rademaker A; Barnes M; Arthur K; Ringrose T; Douglas G EM8601 SOClin Invest Med (Canada), 1985, 8(3) p239-43 MJFertility; Radiation Injuries; Semen; Sperm-Ovum Interactions; Spermatozoa MNAdult; Dysgerminoma /RT; Hamsters; Middle Age; Prospective Studies; Radiation Dosage; Testicular Neoplasms /RT; Testis /RE MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003084 TIFractures of the lateral process of the talus. ABA retrospective review of nine patients with fractures of the lateral process of the talus indicates that a substantial portion of patients will have persistent symptoms if the fracture is not diagnosed and appropriately treated soon after the injury. When a patient is evaluated for the symptoms of a ╥sprained ankle,╙ these fractures are often overlooked on the initial roentgenograms. If untreated, these fractures often fail to heal, and persistent pain over the lateral aspect of the ankle following an inversion injury should be investigated for the possibility of this diagnosis. Prompt treatment of acute fractures appears to lead to the best result. Nondisplaced fractures heal well in a short-leg cast, with six weeks of immobilization. Large displaced fracture fragments require surgical treatment: single large fragments should be reduced and internally fixed, and large comminuted fragments should be excised. AUHeckman JD; McLean MR EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p108-13 MJFractures MNAdolescence; Adult; Fractures /SU; Retrospective Studies; Talus /RA /SU; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003085 TIClinical application of computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanning of calcaneus fractures. ABCAT scanning of calcaneal fractures with the 30 degree coronal or the transverse plane provides useful information not available on conventional roentgenograms. Joint alignment, displacement of fragments, and the integrity of the medial wall are key factors in deciding whether surgical reconstruction is indicated and what surgical approach to use--medial, lateral, or both. Examples of such information obtained on eight patients with calcaneal fractures is reported comparing CAT scan results to conventional roentgenograms. CAT scans can be used also with the foot immobilized in a cast. AUSegal D; Marsh JL; Leiter B EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p114-23 MJCalcaneus; Fractures; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MNCalcaneus /RA; Child MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003086 TIClassification of ankle fractures: the Lauge-Hansen or AO system? ABLauge-Hansen's system of classification of ankle fractures has been of pioneering importance and when correctly employed has improved the results of conservative treatment. Weber's classification scheme introduced by AO is simpler and more suited for surgical than nonoperative therapy. Both systems have deficiencies. Moreover, both are based on partly divergent concepts of the causative mechanisms of ankle fractures. AULindsjo U EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p12-6 MJAnkle; Fractures MNFractures /PP MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003087 TIOpen reduction in depressed fractures of the os calcis. ABFifty-two patients with subtalar joint involvement secondary to os calcis fractures have been treated with a surgical technique designed by George F. Pennal. There were 23 tongue-type fractures and 33 joint depression fractures in this series. All were treated by open reduction and internal fixation, and occasionally also by bone grafting. Patients have been followed from two to seven years from the time of their injury, and the results indicate that 39 of the patients are relatively symptom-free and doing the same work as they had done prior to their injury. Nine patients have required some modification of their work, and four patients were classified as failures. Treatment of depressed fractures of the subtalar joint by this method produces relatively predictable results. AUHarding D; Waddell JP EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p124-31 MJCalcaneus; Fractures; Tarsal Joint MNAdolescence; Adult; Calcaneus /RA; Fractures /SU; Middle Age; Talus /IN /RA; Tarsal Joint /RA /SU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003088 TIThe operative treatment of fractures of the os calcis. ABDisplaced intra-articular fractures of the body of the os calcis are notorious causes of significant and prolonged disability. Treatment recommendations for these injuries have varied widely. An understanding of the anatomy and pathomechanics of the injury is important in treatment selection. Tongue-type and joint depression-type calcaneal fractures are subdivided on the basis of relations of the primary fracture line to the posterior facet. Treatment regimens are also based upon these relations and fracture classification. Choice of surgical approach depends upon the fracture pattern, including secondary comminution. The goal of operative treatment is to reestablish articular congruency, calcaneal width, and early range of motion. Operative treatment can be recommended for fractures that can be accurately reduced and rigidly transfixed. Nonoperative treatment is recommended for those fractures where accurate reduction is unattainable. AURoss SD; Sowerby MR EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p132-43 MJFractures /SU; Tarsal Joint /SU MNFracture Fixation; Fractures /CL /RA; Tarsal Joint /AH /RA; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTHuman IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003089 TIPatient selection for lumbar laminectomy and discectomy with a revised objective rating system. ABA revised objective rating system for patient selection for lumbar laminectomy and discectomy in the treatment of disc herniation is presented. Based on the severity of the findings within each of four categories (neurologic signs, root tension signs, myelogram or CT scan findings, and psychosocial environment), numerical scores are derived. A maximum score of 25 points is available in each category, for a total of 100 points. The objective rating score was determined prospectively in 106 patients who were treated by laminectomy for lumbar disc herniation and who were evaluated at least one year after surgery. The rating score was highly predictive of the surgical result. Application of this system for patient selection would reduce reliance on much of the subjective interpretation of physical and radiographic findings. With appropriate patient selection, improved surgical results are possible. AUHerron LD; Turner J EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p145-52 MJIntervertebral Disk Displacement; Intervertebral Disk; Laminectomy; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care); Spinal Diseases MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Electromyography; Lumbar Vertebrae /SU; Middle Age; Neurologic Examination; Prospective Studies; Psychotic Disorders /CO; Social Adjustment MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003090 TIPseudarthrosis after spinal fusion for scoliosis. A comparison of autogeneic and allogeneic bone grafts. ABThis study was undertaken to compare the incidence of pseudarthrosis in fusions supplemented with autogeneic and frozen allogeneic grafts. The records of 208 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who were treated by posterior fusion and Harrington instrumentation were studied. The fusion was supplemented by an autogeneic iliac bone graft in 114 patients and by an allogeneic bank bone graft in 94 patients. The fusion mass was explored in all patients with suspected pseudarthrosis; therefore, all pseudarthroses reported in this series were proved by surgical exploration. Pseudarthrosis developed in five patients (4.4%) receiving an autogeneic graft and in five patients (5.3%) receiving an allogeneic graft. The incidence of pseudarthrosis was not significantly different at the 95% level of certainty. Average blood loss and operative time were determined for all patients. The decreases in average blood loss and operative time in those patients receiving allogeneic grafts were significant (p less than .01). Thus, based on the incidence of pseudarthrosis, allogeneic frozen bank-stored bone is an attractive alternative to autogeneic iliac bone for fusion supplementation in the treatment of scoliosis. Total operative time and blood loss can be decreased, and possible complications associated with a donor site can be avoided. AUAurori BF; Weierman RJ; Lowell HA; Nadel CI; Parsons JR EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p153-8 MJBone and Bones; Pseudarthrosis; Scoliosis; Spinal Fusion MNAdolescence; Child; Transplantation, Autologous; Transplantation, Homologous MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003091 TIHistochemical and morphometric changes in muscles of stroke patients. ABThere is little information on the muscle fiber changes or the fiber type affected in supraspinal hemiplegia. Muscle biopsy specimens from 20 patients with stroke, obtained during orthopedic reconstruction, were examined by modern histochemistry. Atrophy was present in all of the muscles, affecting Type 1 fibers in 100% and Type 2 fibers in 95% of the patients. Type 2 atrophy was more severe than Type 1 atrophy. Group atrophy and fiber type grouping, present in 40%, seemed related to peripheral nerve or root damage. Hypertrophy of Type 1 fibers was present in 45%, associated with Type 2 hypertrophy in 15%. Although diffuse morphometric atrophic seemed not to correlate with the level of motor activity in this group of 20 patients, hypertrophy appeared related to activity. Hence, efforts to mobilize and rehabilitate stroke patients cannot prevent atrophy of some fibers, they seem to stimulate a hypertrophy not seen in inactive patients. AUSlager UT; Hsu JD; Jordan C EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p159-68 MJCerebrovascular Disorders /PA; Muscles /PA MNAdult; Aged; Atrophy; Cerebrovascular Disorders /ME; Hypertrophy; Middle Age; Muscles /ME MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003092 TIA modified lateroanterior approach in operations for hip arthroplasty. ABWhen straight and bulky instruments are used in operations for hip arthroplasty, exposure of the hip is not always wide enough, and extensive tissue dissection or a trochanteric osteotomy may be necessary. To avoid this and yet obtain wide exposure, a modified lateroanterior Ling approach was used in 40 consecutive operations for hip arthroplasty. The continuity between the gluteus medius and the vastus lateralis is preserved. These muscles are split, and the anterior attachments are decorticated from the greater trochanter, forming an osteotendinous flap that is displaced ventrally, exposing the anterior capsule of the hip. This approach, causing the least disturbance to the abductor mechanism, offers the advantages of wide exposure and, postoperation, a stable and easily activated hip. AUGammer W EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p169-72 MJHip Prosthesis MNAged; Middle Age; Postoperative Care; Prospective Studies MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003093 TIMalleolar fractures: nonoperative versus operative treatment. A controlled study. ABNinety-two intra-articular ankle fractures were randomly selected for either open reduction and internal fixation or closed reduction and plaster cast. The patients were followed for an average of seven years. The initial course was more favorable in surgically reduced fractures. However, follow-up examinations showed little difference in results between the two forms of treatment. AUBauer M; Bergstrom B ; Hemborg A; Sandegard J EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p17-27 MJAnkle; Fractures /SU MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Ankle /RA /SU; Casts, Surgical; Clinical Trials; Fractures /DI /TH; Joint Diseases /DI /ET; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications /DI MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003094 TIIntra-articular osteochondromas of the hip joint in a child with multiple osteochondromas. Case report. ABA child five and one-half years old with multiple osteochondromas presented with symptoms mainly affecting her right hip. Several intra-articular osteochondromas had formed about the femoral neck and acetabulum. The osteochondromas were removed, and hip development appears to be normal over a four-year follow-up period. AUGore DR EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p173-8 MJBone Neoplasms; Chondroma; Hip Joint MNChild, Preschool; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary /RA MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003095 TILegg-Calve-Perthes disease in a family: genetic or environmental. ABThis is a case report of a family in which Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) occurred in four members. All the patients were male and between the ages of three and eight years. This unusually high incidence in one family raises questions about the genetic versus the environmental factors in the etiology of LCPD. AUO'Sullivan M; O'Rourke SK; MacAuley P EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p179-81 MJFemur Head Necrosis; Legg-Perthes Disease /FG MNChild, Preschool; Legg-Perthes Disease /ET MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003096 TIHemophilus influenzae infection of a total hip arthroplasty. ABHemophilus influenzae is an uncommon, seldom considered pathogen of septic arthritis in adults. H. influenzae seems not to have been reported in association with a total joint infection. The majority of previously reported H. influenzae cases have been associated with joint trauma or preexisting joint disease. A 63-year-old woman with a late hematogenous infection due to H. influenzae of a total hip arthroplasty was treated by surgical debridement and appropriate antibiotics. In a short-term follow-up evaluation of one year, this treatment was successful in allowing retention of the prosthesis and return to satisfactory function. AULimbird TJ EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p182-4 MJHaemophilus Infections; Hip Prosthesis; Postoperative Complications MNHaemophilus Infections /TH; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications /DI MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003097 TIPrimary knee ligament repair--revisited. ABThere were 4710 knee sprains resulting from skiing in the four Aspen ski areas between 1976 and 1979. Twenty percent of the patients (942) had complete tears. Of these, 302 elected to remain in Aspen for treatment. All were treated by primary ligament repair without augmentation. These cases were evaluated an average of 42 months after injury. Patients with isolated tears of the medial collateral ligament were found to be doing well; virtually all of them had returned to preinjury activity levels. Thirty-six percent of the isolated anterior cruciate repairs were rated failures, and 43% of the combination ACL-MCL injuries had failed because of anterior cruciate deficiency. Twenty-nine percent of the ACL and ACL-MCL injuries had meniscal tears. Cases that included meniscectomy had a failure rate twice as great as those in which the meniscus was preserved. The results following repair of anterior cruciate tears were not acceptable, and augmentation was indicated. Primary repair of medial collateral ligament tears produced excellent results. Meniscal tears were frequent in association with ligament disruption. Ligament repairs were less satisfactory when meniscectomy was performed at the time of the repair. AUWeaver JK; Derkash RS; Freeman JR; Kirk RE; Oden RR; Matyas J EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p185-91 MJKnee Injuries; Ligaments, Articular MNAthletic Injuries /SU; Knee Joint /SU; Ligaments, Articular /SU; Skiing MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003098 TIAntalgic maneuvers during walking in men with unilateral knee disability. ABThe gait of men with unilateral knee disability has not been quantified previously. Interrupted-light photography was used to quantify the gait abnormalities of 35 men whose major disability was unilateral knee pain. The following antalgic maneuvers were found to be common to the gait of these patients: slow and uneven forward progression with lateral lurching toward the painful side, asymmetry in stride and temporal components, and abnormalities in the displacement patterns of most body segments. Subnormal knee motion was found during the stance and swing phases. Because treatment of patients with knee problems is usually directed toward pain relief, an understanding of how pain affects walking performance is important to the clinician when assessing a patient's problem. AUMurray MP; Gore DR; Sepic SB; Mollinger LA EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p192-200 MJGait; Joint Instability; Knee Joint MNAdult; Aged; Ankle /PP; Biomechanics; Head /PP; Hip /PP; Knee /PP; Middle Age; Pelvis /PP MTHuman; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003099 TIArthroscopic debridement of the knee for septic arthritis. ABSixteen knees with hematogenous septic arthritis in 12 adult patients were treated by arthroscopic decompression, debridement, and irrigation with motorized instruments plus suction drainage. Infectious disease consultants supervised the administration of intravenous antibiotics, and range-of-motion exercises were instituted when the drains were removed 48 hours after surgery. Patients were protected from bearing weight for six weeks. There were no treatment complications, and no patient required a repeated drainage procedure. Two patients died of diseases unrelated to knee infection. The 11 infected knees of the ten surviving patients were evaluated subjectively, functionally, objectively, and roentgenographically. With an average 34-month follow-up evaluation, all patients regained their preoperative functional status without loss of motion or roentgenographic evidence of cartilage loss. Arthroscopic debridement of the knee for septic arthritis is a safe, efficient method of joint decompression with minimal morbidity. AUIvey M; Clark R EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p201-6 MJArthritis, Infectious /SU; Arthroscopy; Debridement; Knee Joint MNAdolescence; Adult; Arthritis, Infectious /RA; Escherichia Coli Infections /RA /SU; Middle Age; Pseudomonas Infections /RA /SU; Risk; Staphylococcal Infections /RA /SU; Streptococcal Infections /RA /SU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003100 TIInfected total knee arthroplasties. ABThirty infected total knee arthroplasties were investigated in 29 patients over an average interval of 42 months. Eleven infections began in the immediate perioperative period. Six developed from postoperative wound-healing problems. The remainder were late infections. Staphylococcus was found in 16 infections, gram-negative agents in five, mixed organisms in five, and other gram-positives in four. Sixteen knees were arthrodesed, six knees were treated by retention of the components, and two above-knee amputations and one resection arthroplasty were performed. Five patients had two-stage revisions to new components. Evidence of persistent infection was present in three arthrodeses, two retained arthroplasties, and one knee that was revised. Perioperative infections were associated with staphylococcal organisms and responded less favorably to conservative treatment. The failure of primary wound healing demands immediate measures to obtain skin coverage. Retention of the arthroplasty components is possible only in selected patients. AUBliss DG; McBride GG EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p207-14 MJKnee Prosthesis; Postoperative Complications; Staphylococcal Infections MNAdult; Aged; Antibiotics /TU; Arthritis, Rheumatoid /DT; Arthrodesis; Debridement; Middle Age; Osteoarthritis /DT; Postoperative Complications /DT /SU; Staphylococcal Infections /DT /SU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003101 TIBone scanning in the assessment of patellar viability following knee replacement. ABIn an attempt to diagnose avascular necrosis (AVN) of the patella, a potential complication of the surgical procedure, 99mTc-MDP bone scanning was performed pre- and postoperation in 37 patients treated by 41 total knee arthroplasties. The normal immediate postoperative scan should demonstrate increased radionuclide uptake in the patella when compared to preoperative scans. Decreased uptake was seen in four cases in the early postoperative period. This latter group was believed to be at risk for osteonecrosis and stress fracture of the patella. For this reason, prophylactic restriction of activity was instituted, with subsequent return of normal radionuclide uptake in the patella. Bone scanning provides an effective method of early diagnosis of patients at risk for the development of AVN and secondary patellar fractures following total knee arthroplasty. AUWetzner SM; Bezreh JS; Scott RD; Bierbaum BE; Newberg AH EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p215-9 MJKnee Prosthesis; Osteonecrosis; Patella /RI; Postoperative Complications MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Patella /BS MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003102 TIBilateral total knee arthroplasties. Comparison of simultaneous (two-team), sequential, and staged knee replacements. ABSimultaneous and sequential operations for bilateral total knee arthroplasties (TKA) for arthritis were examined for determination of the relative safety of each method. The postoperative morbidity was analyzed in three groups of patients who were similar with respect to age, sex, type of arthritis, preoperative range of motion, and postoperative management. Group I (22 patients) had both knees replaced simultaneously under one anesthesia. Group II (26 patients) had two operations staged about 17 days apart during a single hospitalization. Group III (20 patients) had TKA in two hospitalizations with the operations separated by about eight months. In this small series of cases there were fewer complications and a significantly shorter hospitalization in the group having simultaneous bilateral TKA. AUMcLaughlin TP; Fisher RL EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p220-5 MJArthritis, Rheumatoid; Knee Prosthesis; Osteoarthritis MNAged; Postoperative Complications /PP; Retrospective Studies MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003103 TIStrength of union in human tibial shaft fracture. A prospective study of 104 cases. ABIn a consecutive prospective series of 104 tibial shaft fractures, the strength at the site of union was observed by a noninvasive technique at regular intervals. Eighty-one patients were male and 23 were female. Six fractures were open, and 13 patients had multiple injuries. The primary treatment was conservative with cast immobilization in 86 patients, external fixation by a quadrilateral system in 14, and open reduction and internal fixation in four. A measure of the strength of union is obtained by calculating a quotient between induced deflection between the fracture fragments and the applied bending moment. By plotting this quotient against time-since-injury, a curve describing the changes in stability can be constructed. With this curve it is possible to define united fracture and normal union, and the differentiation between delayed union and true nonunion is possible. Time-to-union in all 104 patients was 16 +/- 15.2 weeks. In 14 with delayed union, surgical measures intended to promote union could be avoided because repeated measurements indicated progressive increase in stability. Bone grafting was performed in 13 fractures for treatment of nonunion. Statistical analysis based on objective measurement of stability failed to identify a specific factor responsible for delayed union or nonunion. AUHammer RR EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p226-32 MJTibial Fractures MNAdolescence; Adult; Biomechanics; Casts, Surgical; Fracture Fixation; Middle Age; Prospective Studies; Wound Healing MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003104 TIAccuracy of radiologic assessment of tibial shaft fracture union in humans. ABIn a series of 208 tibial shaft fractures, 166 were treated nonoperatively, and of these, 157 had an uncomplicated course of healing. The process of union was followed by repeated noninvasive measurements of fracture stability. Full unprotected weight-bearing was permitted when stability measurements indicated solid union. A group of 127 fractures was evaluated by seven senior radiologists for assessment of the stage of union on anteroposterior and lateral radiographs exposed at the time of measurements of stability. The time for assessment ranged from four to 46 weeks. The radiologic assessment was difficult to correlate to the stability of union; in 55% of unstable fractures, the films pointed to satisfactory union. Of the 93 fractures that were mechanically stable, the films suggested that no union had been achieved in 44%. The probability of a correct radiographic evaluation of stage of union was approximately 0.5. The period required to achieve solid union after tibial shaft fracture is relatively long and unpredictable. Definitions of stage and progress of union are controversial. Conventional roentgenographic examinations as a means of assessing the stage of union are generally inconclusive. AUHammer RR; Hammerby S; Lindholm B EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p233-8 MJTibial Fractures /RA MNAdolescence; Adult; Biomechanics; Middle Age; Tibial Fractures /PP; Wound Healing MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003105 TIForeign body granuloma of bone secondary to silicone prosthesis. A case report. ABThe clinical experience with silicone rubber arthroplasties has been unremarkable except for sporadic reports of reactive synovitis in the form of a foreign body giant cell inflammation. A 21-year-old man is the first known instance of a large lytic lesion in a bone articulating with a silicone implant. AUManes HR EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p239-41 MJBone Diseases; Foreign Bodies; Granuloma; Joint Prosthesis MNAdult; Radius; Silicone Elastomers /TU; Wrist Joint /SU MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003106 TIA new evaluation of gross pathologic changes and concepts of rheumatoid articular cartilage degeneration. ABFifty-one knees in 32 ambulatory patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined arthroscopically, enabling direct observation of the pattern of gross degeneration at the joint line and synovial chondral junction. Four distinct stages of pannus ingrowth and meniscal degeneration were observed, which correlated with the extent of articular destruction. Significant direct pannus invasion of articular cartilage was not observed in any stage in the ambulatory mobile rheumatoid knee. Stage I is comprised of synovial hypertrophy. Stage II shows invasive pannus affecting meniscal surfaces. Stage III exhibits meniscal tearing and production of abrasive debris. Stage IV is end-stage loss of meniscus and denudation of articular surfaces. Articular cartilage destruction was not observed in patients without visible meniscal degeneration or pannus ingrowth but was observed in knees without roentgenographic erosion or joint space narrowing. A new evaluation of articular degeneration in the ambulatory mobile rheumatoid knee is based on mechanical destruction by torn menisci and free debris observed by arthroscopy. AUSalisbury RB; Nottage WM EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p242-7 MJArthritis, Rheumatoid; Cartilage Diseases /PA; Knee Joint MNAdult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid /RA; Arthroscopy; Cartilage Diseases /CL /RA; Cartilage, Articular /PA /RA; Knee Joint /RA; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003107 TIHip arthroplasty surgery in Manitoba: 1973-1978. ABA review of all (1279) total hip arthroplasties in the Province of Manitoba, Canada, from 1973 to 1978 demonstrates an increase in the number of operations except in the very elderly. Six-week operative mortality was decreased from 2.4% to .6%, and time spent in the hospital has decreased from 54 to 40 days. Utilization of medical services by patients before and after surgery, as recorded by the Manitoba Health Services Commission, enables identification of all serious postoperative complications. Two years after surgery, 95.2% of patients were alive, and 16% had a contralateral hip arthroplasty. Fourteen patients (2.7%) required revision surgery within two years; 20 patients (4%) were readmitted to the hospital with other surgical complications, including trochanteric bursitis, osteomyelitis, pulmonary embolism, and so forth. Visits to physicians for arthritis-related problems and to chiropractors decreased in the two years after surgery compared with the two years before. AURoos NP; Lyttle D EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p248-55 MJHip Prosthesis MNAdult; Aged; Hip Prosthesis /MO; Length of Stay; Manitoba; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications; Reoperation MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003108 TIA modified technique for the fixation of pathologic fractures in the lower femur. ABIntramedullary nail fixation augmented by the pressure injection of methylmethacrylate was investigated by use of bovine femora. In this technique, the nail is first placed in its final desired position; cement is then injected with a conical-tipped syringe through a distal drill hole into the medullary canal around the nail. This method was compared with the conventional technique of first placing the cement into the medullary canal and then driving the nail into position. Calf femora were used to compare the cement pressures generated, the shear resistance at the bone/cement interface, and the contour of the endosteal cement surface produced by the two cementing techniques. Significantly higher bone/cement interface pressures were generated by the injection of cement. Shear resistance at the bone/cement interface, investigated by push-out tests, revealed no significant difference between the two techniques. Dissolution of the specimens in nitric acid produced a methylmethacrylate cast of the endosteal surface, thus revealing the pattern of cement penetration into endosteal bone. The cement surfaces made by the injection of cement revealed characteristics of superior fixation and penetration compared to those made by the conventional method. The injection of cement for pathologic long-bone fractures is safer than the conventional method, is less susceptible to intraoperative complications, and offers satisfactory fixation. AUVarriale PL; Evans PE; Sallis JG EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p256-60 MJFemoral Fractures; Fracture Fixation; Fractures, Spontaneous MNBone Cements MTHuman RNEC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase) IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003109 TIEstablishment and characterization of cell lines derived from a human osteosarcoma. ABContinuously growing cell lines have been established in vitro from a human osteosarcoma after transplantation into athymic nude mice. These cell lines grew as an adherent monolayer and consisted of various types of cells. Twelve clones were colonially isolated from a cell line, HuO-3N1, and subdivided into three groups depending on the morphologic features. The cells of HuO-3N1 and its clones had alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive granules in the cytoplasm. Cytogenetic studies showed that these cell lines were human aneuploid lines. A tumor was produced by injection of HuO-3N1 cells into an athymic nude mouse. ALP activity increased in a clonal cell line, HuO-3N1 cl-2, when cells were treated with 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3. The proliferation of cells was inhibited when the cells were cultured in a medium supplemented with L-homoarginine, which is an inhibitor of bone and liver-specific ALP. This cell line has an osteoblastic phenotype and provides a useful model for studies of human osteosarcoma and phenotypical expression of human osteoblastic cells. AUYamane T EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p261-71 MJBone Neoplasms /PA; Sarcoma, Osteogenic /PA MNAdolescence; Alkaline Phosphatase /ME; Bone Neoplasms /ME; Cell Line; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Mice; Sarcoma, Osteogenic /ME MTAnimal; Case Report; Female; Human RN1406-16-2 (Vitamin D); 9007-12-9 (Calcitonin) IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003110 TIParathormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D metabolites during normal fracture healing in geriatric patients. ABIn order to study the role of calcium-regulating hormones during callus formation in elderly patients, serum levels of parathormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-OH-D], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D], and calcium (Ca) were determined in 41 patients with fractures of long bones, primarily hip fractures. The parameters were measured on admission and after eight weeks. There were almost no changes in hormone serum levels during bone repair, except for a decrease in serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D from 25.3 +/- 2.3 pg/ml on admission to 21.0 +/- 2.0 pg/ml eight weeks later (p less than .001). Patients with fractures compared to normal elderly humans have lower serum levels of PTH (0.99 +/- 0.06 ng/ml versus 1.88 +/- 0.34 ng/ml; p less than .001), 25-OH-D (10.7 +/- 1.0 ng/ml versus 17.1 +/- 1.8 ng/ml; p less than .001), and Ca (9.1 +/- 0.1 mg% versus 9.7 +/- 0.1 mg%; p less than .001) and higher serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D (25.3 +/- 2.3 pg/ml versus 17.1 +/- 2.3 pg/ml; p less than .001). Female patients have lower serum levels of 24,25(OH)2D compared to males (1.65 +/- 0.15 ng/ml versus 2.06 +/- 0.29 ng/ml; p less than .05). A similar trend was noted in serum CT levels during callus formation (0.12 +/- 0.02 ng/ml versus 0.16 +/- 0.02 ng/ml; p less than .05). Patients with subcapital fractures of the femur have significantly lower serum levels of all vitamin D metabolites on admission, compared with patients suffering from extracapsular fractures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUMeller Y; Kestenbaum RS; Shany S; Galinsky D; Zuili I; Yankovitch N; Giat J; Conforti A; Torok G EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p272-9 MJFemoral Fractures; Fibula; Fractures; Humeral Fractures; Tibial Fractures MNAged; Calcitonin /ME; Dihydroxycholecalciferols /ME; Middle Age; Parathyroid Hormones /ME; Vitamin D /ME; Wound Healing MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003111 TIOperative treatment of ankle fracture-dislocations. A follow-up study of 306/321 consecutive cases. ABIn a prospective study of 321 consecutive cases of dislocation ankle fractures, operatively treated according to the AO (ASIF) principles, 306 cases (95%) were followed up two to six years after surgery. The infection rate was 1.8% with no septic arthritis. The clinical results were ╥excellent and good╙ in 82%, ╥acceptable╙ in 8%, and ╥poor╙ in 10%. Posttraumatic arthritis occurred in 14% and was significantly more common among middle-aged women. There was a strong correlation between the degree of arthritis and the clinical result. A computer analysis (AID) revealed that the most decisive factors influencing the clinical result were the type of fracture, the accuracy of the reduction, and the sex of the patient. Exact reduction, rigid internal fixation, early postoperative joint exercises, and subsequent full weight-bearing in a below-the-knee walking plaster are essential for a good end result of fracture-dislocations of the ankle joint. AULindsjo U EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p28-38 MJAnkle; Dislocations /SU; Fractures /SU MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Ankle /RA /SU; Arthritis /ET; Casts, Surgical; Dislocations /CO /RA; Follow-Up Studies; Fractures /CO /RA; Middle Age; Osteoarthritis /ET; Prospective Studies MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN34444-01-4 (Cefamandole) IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003112 TICefamandole levels in serum and necrotic bone. ABSeven patients with chronic osteomyelitis were treated by surgical debridement. Cefamandole was administered intravenously before surgery. During the debridement, cefamandole concentrations were measured in serum and necrotic bone. Although adequate levels of antibiotic were achieved in the serum, minimal or no concentration of antibiotic was found in the necrotic bone. There was only minimal penetration of cefamandole into necrotic bone. AUPerry H; Ritterbusch JK; Burdge RE; Perry CR EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p280-3 MJCefamandole /TU; Osteomyelitis /DT MNBone and Bones; Cefamandole /AN /BL; Humerus /AN; Metatarsus /AN; Osteomyelitis /BL; Tibia /AN; Ulna /AN MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003113 TIPeriosteal stress-induced reactions resembling stress fractures. A radiologic and histologic study in dogs. ABAn external callus is always associated with so-called stress fractures, but a fracture line cannot always be demonstrated by radiologic means. In such instances it is assumed that an undisplaced fracture or microfracture must nevertheless exist for an external callus to form. In this experimental study, 18 beagles were immobilized in a shoulder spica for periods of time ranging from 6 to 32 weeks and then remobilized. At the time of sacrifice, which varied from four to 28 weeks after remobilization was started, eight showed on radiographs an external fusiform bone formation on the distal metacarpal metaphysis during the remobilization period without evidence of a fracture line. Serial histologic examination, in seven metacarpi, also failed to reveal the presence of any break in the bone's continuity. Although this does not exclude the accumulation of microdamage (mechanical fatigue) at such sites, there is sufficient evidence that the circumscribed periosteal reaction occurred at a site of increased stress in the absence of an actual fracture. Consequently, this condition is called a periosteal stress-induced reaction. AUUhthoff HK; Jaworski ZF EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p284-91 MJFractures /PA; Periosteum MNCallus /PA /RA; Dogs; Fractures /ET /RA; Periosteum /RA MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003114 TIDevelopment of nonunions in the rat fibula after removal of periosteal neural mechanoreceptors. ABPeriosteal proprioceptive nerve receptors may act as mechanoreceptors of long bones during adaptive remodeling after fracture. They may also contribute to the mechanisms of coordinated functional activity of fractured limbs and thus inhibit harmful overloading of fracture callus. The area of proprioceptive nerve receptors around the distal part of the rat fibula was stripped surgically, and a standard fracture of the fibular shaft was produced. Animals failed to unite their fractures and developed mainly atrophic nonunions. Atrophy of ununited fragments was due to osteoclastic bone resorption. Atrophy of the bone fragments was aggravated if the legs were also subjected to sciatic denervation. Sciatic denervation alone, without removal of receptors, did not interfere with the union of fractures. The results indicate that the area of proprioceptive receptors in the rat tibiofibular bone is critical for the healing of fibular fractures. Because the effect on bone healing of receptor removal was not inhibited by sciatic denervation, the effect was not transmitted through spinal pathways of the sciatic nerve. The development of nonunions could not be explained by the surgical trauma alone. Aggravation of fibular atrophy by sectioning of the sciatic nerve suggests that some neural elements are associated with the phenomenon, either directly or indirectly through neuromuscular function. AUAro H; Eerola E; Aho AJ EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p292-9 MJFibula /IR; Fractures; Mechanoreceptors; Wound Healing MNFibula /IN /PP; Periosteum; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003115 TIThe classic. The open or operative treatment of fresh fractures: is it ever justifiable? With an analysis of the results of the present methods of treatment in one hundred and fifty-three fractures of the lower extremity. By Charles L Scudder. 1900. EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p3-11 MJFractures; Leg Injuries MNHistory of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Portraits MCHistorical Article MTHuman IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003116 TIRole of synovial fluid cells in the healing of flexor tendons. ABA 1-cm segment of repaired rabbit flexor tendon was first subjected to 10,000 rads of x-radiation and then placed in the synovial cavity of a rabbit's knee joint. Macroscopic examination revealed healing at the repair site and rounding of the tendon ends without adhesions. Light- and electron-microscopic studies revealed cells resembling fibroblasts at the repair site and the periphery laying down collagen. Healing of this irradiated nonviable tendon was brought about by the cells present in the synovial fluid. AUMenon J; Frykman G; Swarm OJ EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p300-5 MJSynovial Fluid; Tendons; Wound Healing MNKnee Joint /PH; Rabbits; Synovial Fluid /PH; Tendons /RE MTAnimal IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003117 TITrabecular bone strength profiles at the ankle joint. ABThe mechanical strength of trabecular bone at the ankle joint was studied in ten amputation specimens by means of multiple penetration tests. Tibial bone was considerably weaker than talar bone (40% on average). An area of peak bone strength located posteriorly and medially to the center of the joint was found in most joints. The variation of bone strength with the depth from the surface was studied by comparing five successive 2-mm levels. At the tibia there was a statistically significant decrease of bone strength from the first to the second level. At the talus, bone strength increased at first, then decreased significantly. The absolute values of strength recorded suggest that in a substantial number of the joints studied, the resection surfaces--especially at the tibial side--might be too weak to support the loads imposed by current prosthetic designs. AUHvid I; Rasmussen O; Jensen NC; Nielsen S EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p306-12 MJAnkle Joint; Talus MNBiomechanics; Exertion MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003118 TIFunctional bracing and rehabilitation of ankle fractures. ABFor normal daily activities, 10 degrees of ankle dorsiflexion is essential. Plantiflexion follows dorsiflexion and exceeds it by an average of 5 degrees. Normal ankle motion takes place with the talus rotating on an obliquely oriented axis distal to the tips of the medial and lateral malleolus. Mortise widening of less than 1 mm accommodates the talus with the fibula apparently rotating along its vertical axis. Ankle fractures treated nonsurgically will regain functional range of motion if immobilization in equinus is avoided and early weight-bearing with early functional bracing is applied. With the aid of a functional brace, fractures treated surgically may start weight-bearing and exercise within five to seven days, provided all fracture components have been stabilized. The functional brace allows dorsiflexion and plantiflexion via a rigid hinge and reduces rotational stresses acting on the fractured ankle. AUSegal D; Wiss DA; Whitelaw GP EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p39-45 MJAnkle /IN; Braces; Fractures /TH MNAdult; Ankle /AH; Fractures /RH /SU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003119 TIOperative arthroscopy of the ankle. Three years' experience. ABThis is a preliminary report on 15 cases of surgical arthroscopy of the ankle performed between 1979 and 1983. Age range of the patients was from 14 to 35 years. Follow-up examinations were performed between six months and two and one-half years after surgery, with an average of 14 months. The indications were pain or clicking sensations accompanied by painful limitation of motion for an average of three months. Chondral and osteochondral fracture of the talar dome were observed in nine cases; chondral and osteochondral lesions of the tibial plafond in two cases; osteochondral loose bodies in two cases and; posttraumatic adhesions or arthritis was found in three cases. Treatment consisted of debridement of osteochondral lesions, removal of loose bodies, curettage, drilling, synovectomy, and abrasion of the subchondral bone. The results were assessed subjectively and objectively. Satisfactory overall results were obtained in 85% of the cases. There were no major complications. This study suggests that arthroscopic surgery has a definite role in the management of intra-articular lesions of the ankle. The results are reproducible if the arthroscopic surgeon pays proper attention to the anatomy of the area and is familiar with the use of different arthroscopic portals. AUParisien JS; Vangsness T EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p46-53 MJAnkle Joint /RA; Arthroscopy; Joint Diseases MNAdolescence; Adult; Ankle Joint /IN /SU; Fractures /RA /SU; Joint Diseases /SU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003120 TIInternal compression arthrodesis of the ankle. ABEight patients with disabling tibiotalar arthritis (one patient with a supramalleolar nonunion) were treated by arthrodesis. The procedure in all of these patients consisted of internal compression obtained by bone plates and the application of a bilateral tension device. A bilateral surgical approach was used. No bone grafting was required. This study compares two groups immobilized for ten and three weeks, respectively. In both groups, the procedure invariably produced union with excellent cosmesis, few complications, and good function. AURoss SD; Matta J EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p54-60 MJAnkle Joint /SU; Arthritis; Arthrodesis MNAdolescence; Adult; Ankle Joint /IN; Fractures /SU; Middle Age; Postoperative Care MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003121 TICorrective lengthening osteotomy of the fibula. ABWidening of the ankle mortise following fracture can be a subtle diagnosis requiring special radiographs to fully appreciate the extent of shortening and rotation of the fibula. Once this fibular shortening has been recognized, a lengthening and rotational osteotomy can be conducted with use of a special compression/distraction device and bone graft. A series of 23 cases demonstrates that reconstructive lengthening osteotomy is well worthwhile when there is absent or minimal osteoarthritic change, irrespective of the time from the original injury. AUWeber BG; Simpson LA EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p61-7 MJAnkle Joint; Bone Lengthening; Fibula; Osteotomy MNAdult; Ankle Joint /RA /SU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003122 TIMeasurement of the motion range in the loaded ankle. ABIn an easily practicable method of measuring the motion range in the ankle under load, the patient is asked to put his foot on a 30-cm-high stool and then lean forward as much as possible without lifting his heel from the supporting stool. In this position the knee is flexed and the greater part of the body weight is on the examined foot. Dorsal extension is then measured with a protractor as the angle between the support line of the foot and the long axis of the leg. The loaded plantar flexion is measured in the same position but with the heel raised as much as possible. In a study of 317 healthy ankles, this method was found to give greater and more reproducible values than measuring on unloaded ankles in sitting or supine positions. Measurements of the loaded dorsal extension were also made on radiographs of 66 healthy ankles. The mean value was 32.5 degrees; the mean talar forward tilt was 5.0 degrees. In normal daily life, at least 10 degrees are required; for performing athletics and sports activities, a loaded dorsal extension range of 20 degrees-30 degrees is necessary. AULindsjo U ; Danckwardt-Lilliestrom G ; Sahlstedt B EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p68-71 MJAnkle; Movement MNBiomechanics MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003123 TIChanges in tibiotalar joint contact areas following experimentally induced tibial angular deformities. ABSix cadaveric legs were stripped of all soft tissue excluding the interosseous membrane and the tissues about the ankle joint and foot. Angular deformities were simulated in all planes to a maximum of 15 degrees for proximal, middle, and distal third levels following tibial resection and same-level fibular osteotomy. Anterior ankle arthrotomies allowed exposure to the tibiotalar joint so that contact area could be measured with pressure-sensitive film inserted between the tibia and talus. An angular deformity of 15 degrees or less produced no significant alteration in the contact area of the ankle joint for proximal and middle third tibial levels. Distal tibial deformities showed a dramatic change in the contact area, with as much as a 42% decrease in contact area for anterior deformities. The contact shape for distal third angular deformities of 10 degrees and 15 degrees in all planes also tended to elongate, with a shift to more lateral contact noted. Although minor degrees of angular malalignment had little effect on ankle contact for proximal and middle third levels, it would appear that distal third deformities produce a greater change in ankle joint contact; thus, fractures at the distal level should be managed to minimize the possibility of tibial malalignment. AUTarr RR; Resnick CT; Wagner KS; Sarmiento A EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p72-80 MJAnkle Joint; Talus; Tibia MNBiomechanics; Tibia /PH MTHuman IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003124 TILong-term results of displaced talar neck fractures. ABOf 36 fractures of the talar neck without comminution of the body, eight were undisplaced, treated closed, and 28 were displaced and treated by open reduction. Twenty of the operations were less than 12 hours after injury. Nineteen of 20 were performed through a medial approach, six with a medial malleolar osteotomy. The long-term results were evaluated by a standard rating system based on classification by the fracture. A protective brace was developed for non-weight-bearing in two patients with complete avascular necrosis, and ankle protection with weight-bearing in ten with partial necrosis. Prompt open reduction and internal fixation, malleolar osteotomy, and protected weight-bearing are recommended in selected cases. AUComfort TH; Behrens F; Gaither DW; Denis F; Sigmond M EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p81-7 MJFractures; Talus MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Middle Age; Talus /SU MTHuman IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003125 TIOperative treatment of displaced talus fractures. ABThe talus is a bone with unique biomechanical features and vascular supply. Displaced fractures of the talus, therefore, frequently create problems of proper management. Forty-one severe talar fractures were treated operatively. The incidence of avascular necrosis was relatively low in this series (16%), and all of these were of Type III and IV fractures of the Marti-Weber classification. Type IV fractures were successfully treated by arthrodesis per primam, and suggested that fusion may be the indicated method of treatment in these severe injuries. Fusion of the tibiotalar joint has been used to encourage revascularization and to preserve the important function of the subtalar joint. In all other fracture types with dislocation, anatomic reduction is performed to restore joint congruity and encourage maintenance of talar dome viability. Painstaking postoperative management is important for the complete restoration of function. AUGrob D; Simpson LA; Weber BG; Bray T EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p88-96 MJFractures /SU; Talus /IN MNAdolescence; Adult; Fractures /CL /CO; Middle Age; Osteonecrosis /ET; Talus /BS /SU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-921X LAEnglish JCDFY SBA; M UI86003126 TIEighty-five talus fractures treated by ORIF with five to eight years of follow-up study of 69 patients. ABFour types of talus fractures can be distinguished and the prognosis predicted on the basis of vascular patterns before and after injury. Early decompression of the soft tissues or anatomic reduction by closed or (if not possible) open methods is indicated. Stable fixation by lag screws and functional aftertreatment help to improve the prognosis. The late results with reference to necrosis, posttraumatic arthrosis, secondary arthrodesis, and functional outcome show that open reduction and internal fixation, applied early, can produce better functions than was heretofore thought possible. Special emphasis is placed on careful indications, operative techniques, and postoperative treatment--particularly the time of partial weight-bearing with a caliper brace. AUSzyszkowitz R; Reschauer R; Seggl W EM8601 SOClin Orthop (United States), Oct 1985, (199) p97-107 MJFractures /SU; Talus MNArthritis /ET; Arthrodesis; Casts, Surgical; Follow-Up Studies; Fracture Fixation; Fractures /CO; Talus /SU MTFemale; Human; Male RN30461-91-7 (19-Iodocholesterol); 68232-36-0 (6-iodomethylcholesterol) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003127 TIThe utility of adrenal scintigraphy in Cushing's syndrome and hyperaldosteronism. ABThirty-three adrenal scintigrams in 30 patients were reviewed to determine the utility of this noninvasive imaging technique. It was found to be very accurate in distinguishing bilateral from unilateral hyperfunction in patients who have clinical and biochemical evidence of adrenal cortical hyperfunction. The technique proved correct in 12 of 12 cases of Cushing's syndrome and 14 of 19 cases of hyperaldosteronism. Specific clinical questions were also answered in three miscellaneous cases. AUWatson NE Jr; Cowan RJ; Chilton HM EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p539-42 MJAdrenal Glands; Cushing's Syndrome; Hyperaldosteronism MN19-Iodocholesterol /AA /DU; Adult; Aged; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RN7440-26-8 (Technetium) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003128 TIScintigraphic demonstration of acute gastrointestinal bleeding caused by gallbladder carcinoma eroding the colon. ABMassive lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding caused by gallbladder carcinoma eroding into the colonic wall was demonstrated accurately by Tc-99m RBCs. In addition, retrograde bleeding into the gallbladder was also identified while arteriography did not show contrast extravasation. This case supports the use of Tc-99m RBCs over Tc-99m sulfur colloid for more accurate localization of lower GI bleeding. AUCzerniak A; Zwas ST; Rabau MY; Avigad I; Borag B; Wolfstein I EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p543-5 MJGallbladder Neoplasms; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal /RI MNAcute Disease; Aged; Biliary Fistula /ET; Colonic Diseases /ET; Erythrocytes; Gallbladder Diseases /ET; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal /ET; Intestinal Fistula /ET; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid /DU; Technetium /DU MTCase Report; Female; Human RN7440-26-8 (Technetium) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003129 TIComparison of technetium-99m sulfur colloid and in vitro labeled technetium-99m RBCs in the detection of gastrointestinal bleeding. ABTwenty-seven paired Tc-99m sulfur colloid (SC) and Tc-99m RBC studies were evaluated for the detection of GI bleeding. The only two positive Tc-99m SC studies had positive early Tc-99m RBC studies as well. There were 15 other positive Tc-99m RBC studies (three during the first hour) and these were associated with normal Tc-99m SC scans. Approximately 70% of the positive Tc-99m RBC studies occurred after 1 hour. Tc-99m RBCs should be the initial test in patients with GI bleeding. AUSiddiqui AR; Schauwecker DS; Wellman HN; Mock BH EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p546-9 MJErythrocytes; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; Technetium MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Middle Age MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN0 (technetium Tc 99m iminodiacetic acid); 7440-26-8 (Technetium) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003130 TIEnterogastric reflux detection with technetium-99m IDA. ABA Tc-99m IDA scan was performed in a patient with severe alkaline esophagitis subsequent to a Billroth I gastroenterostomy. The scan showed enterogastric reflux simultaneously with gastroesophageal reflux of bile. The study was recorded in a computer and the reflux quantitated. AUGarcia A; Pavia J; Loomena F ; Abello R ; Herranz R; Setoain J EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p550-2 MJDuodenogastric Reflux; Imino Acids; Technetium MNGastroesophageal Reflux /RI; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003131 TIThe use of technetium-99m sulfur colloid in the detection of patent processus vaginalis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. ABContinuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is commonly used in patients with renal failure as an alternative to hemodialysis. A not infrequent complication is scrotal swelling due to bowel or fluid passing through a patent processus vaginalis secondary to increased abdominal pressure. A radionuclide study using Tc-99m sulfur colloid is a safe and simple method to determine if this complication is present or may be used as a pre-CAPD screening procedure. AUMandel P; Faegenburg D; Imbriano LJ EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p553-5 MJPeritoneal Cavity; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid MNEdema /ET; Hernia, Inguinal /ET; Middle Age; Peritoneal Cavity /RI; Scrotum MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003132 TI╥Streaming╙ in portal vein. Its effect on the spread of metastases to the liver. ABFifty-five consecutive patients with colorectal carcinoma and hepatic metastases on the Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver/spleen scan (TSC) were evaluated to see if the pattern of spread of colorectal metastases was affected by the venous drainage of the primary site. The results suggest that significant streaming probably exists in the portal vein and the spread of metastases to the liver is affected by it. This information has a potential clinical implication in terms of diagnostic workup and chemotherapeutic infusions. It also supports the speculation that a streaming effect exists in humans. AUDesai AG; Park CH; Schilling JF EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p556-9 MJColonic Neoplasms; Liver Circulation; Liver Neoplasms /SC; Portal Vein; Rectal Neoplasms MNAged; Liver Neoplasms /RI; Middle Age; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid /DU MTFemale; Human; Male RN7440-26-8 (Technetium); 7440-28-0 (Thallium) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003133 TICo-existent parathyroid adenoma and thyroid carcinoma. Nonspecificity of dual tracer parathyroid imaging for parathyroid lesions. ABDual tracer parathyroid imaging (DTPI) using Tc-99m and TI-201 has a reported sensitivity of 92% for the detection of parathyroid adenomas. A patient with biopsy-proven parathyroid adenoma as well as papillary thyroid carcinoma is presented. To date, this is the first such case ever to be reported and implies that DTPI, although a sensitive diagnostic modality for parathyroid adenoma detection, is not specific. The diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism has recently been established more frequently than in the past due to detection of elevated serum calcium levels on routine blood samples, relatively sensitive parathormone (PTH) assays, and noninvasive imaging modalities such as nuclear medicine, CT scanning, and ultrasonography. At our institution, we have successfully detected the location of parathyroid adenomas in many cases, using the dual tracer method with TI-201 and Tc-99m, confirmed at surgery. We present a case of primary hyperparathyroidism in which two distinct lesions were detected by nuclear imaging: one lesion was proven at surgery to be a parathyroid adenoma, while the other represented thyroid carcinoma. AUIntenzo C; Park CH EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p560-1 MJAdenoma; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Parathyroid Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms MNCarcinoma, Papillary /RI; Methods; Middle Age; Radioisotopes /DU; Technetium /DU; Thallium /DU MTCase Report; Female; Human RN7440-28-0 (Thallium) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003134 TIThallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging in myocarditis. ABTI-201 myocardial perfusion imaging was performed in six patients with clinically documented myocarditis. Each case manifested electrocardiographic abnormalities with elevation of serum cardiac enzymes and no significant stenosis of the coronary arteries observed on angiogram. Resting TI-201 images were visually assessed by three observers. Focal perfusion defects were observed in three cases (50%), among which two showed multiple perfusion defects. Emission computed tomography using TI-201 clearly delineated multifocal lesions in the first case. On the other hand, no significant perfusion defects were noted in the remaining three cases. Thus, myocarditis should be considered as one of the disease entities that may produce perfusion defects on TI-201 myocardial imaging. AUTamaki N; Yonekura Y; Kadota K; Kambara H; Torizuka K EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p562-6 MJMyocarditis; Thallium MNAdolescence; Adult; Heart /RI; Middle Age; Radioisotopes /DU MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN23288-60-0 (Technetium Tc 99m Pertechnetate) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003135 TIPreoperative scintigraphic detection of cervical metastases from thyroid carcinoma with technetium-99m pertechnetate. ABA young man with papillary-follicular thyroid carcinoma demonstrated clear visualization of cervical metastases from thyroid cancer on Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy while exhibiting a palpably and scintigraphically normal thyroid gland. This is a very rare occurrence which demonstrates that Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy is capable of detecting cervical metastases from thyroid carcinoma before the appearance of palpable thyroid nodules or defects on scintigraphy. AUVieras F EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p567-9 MJAdenocarcinoma /SC; Head and Neck Neoplasms /SC; Technetium Tc 99m Pertechnetate; Thyroid Neoplasms MNAdenocarcinoma /RI; Adult; Head and Neck Neoplasms /RI MTCase Report; Human; Male RN23288-60-0 (Technetium Tc 99m Pertechnetate) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003136 TICalyceal pertechnetate as a false-positive focus of ectopic gastric mucosa. ABThis case report describes a patient in whom concentration of Tc-99m pertechnetate in a renal calyx created a false diagnostic impression of ectopic gastric mucosa. The administration of furosemide demonstrated the benign cause of the focus. AUMukherji S; Harbert J; Lee T EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p570-1 MJChoristoma; Gastric Mucosa; Kidney Neoplasms; Technetium Tc 99m Pertechnetate MNAdult; False Positive Reactions; Kidney Calices /RI MTCase Report; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN63347-66-0 (Technetium Tc 99m Medronate); 72945-61-0 (technetium Tc 99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003137 TIPhotopenia of a hemithorax on technetium-99m HMDP bone scintigraphy resulting from massive pleural effusion. ABAccumulation of Tc-99m labeled phosphonate bone scanning agent in a pleural effusion usually shows a mild and diffuse increase in radioactivity of the involved thorax. A malignant neoplasm was thought to account for this accumulation. The photon deficiency of the hemithorax on Tc-99m HMDP bone scintigraphy was shown in a case of massive pleural effusion, which was proved by autopsy to be due to metastatic breast carcinoma in the pleura. Two factors caused these scintigraphic findings: 1) a large amount of fluid in the pleural cavity caused photon attenuation; 2) the higher body background in the noninvolved hemithorax and other areas of the body was due to renal dysfunction resulting from chronic pyelonephritis. Whether the accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical agent in the pleural effusion was malignant or benign could not readily be distinguished. AUShih WJ; Domstad PA; DeLand FH EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p572-4 MJBone Neoplasms /SC; Breast Neoplasms; Pleural Effusion; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate; Thoracic Neoplasms /SC MNAdult; Bone Neoplasms /RI; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate /DU; Thoracic Neoplasms /RI MTCase Report; Female; Human RN0 (technetium Tc 99m pentetate); 67-43-6 (DTPA); 7440-26-8 (Technetium) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003138 TIAn unusual combination of findings in renal transplantation. ABThree cases involving renal scans that showed both severe photopenia and also increase in uptake in a rim surrounding the renal graft are presented. As previously mentioned in the literature, the bad prognostic import of photopenia is confirmed. The increased rim of activity has been rarely mentioned in the literature in the past and its possible causes are discussed. AURothfeld B; Spees EK; Goldman SM EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p575-8 MJKidney /TR MNAdolescence; Adult; DTPA /DU; Kidney /RI; Prognosis; Technetium /DU MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN41183-64-6 (gallium-67 citrate); 63347-66-0 (Technetium Tc 99m Medronate) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003139 TINearly total absence of pulmonary perfusion with corresponding technetium-99m MDP and gallium-67 uptake in a patient with mediastinal neuroblastoma. ABA case of unilateral nearly total hypoperfusion of the left lung in a 13-month-old girl is presented. The combination of the lung hypoperfusion and accumulation of the Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate in the same area suggested the preoperative diagnosis of mediastinal neuroblastoma. Explorative thoracotomy revealed the presence of a neuroblastoma compressing the left lung pedicle. The described scintigraphic appearance in the pediatric age group is suggested as typical of mediastinal neuroblastoma. This pathology should be included in the following gamuts in nuclear medicine: unilateral decrease or absent lung perfusion, unilateral diffuse chest uptake of Ga-67 citrate, and unilateral pulmonary uptake in bone scintigraphy. AUGarty I; Koren A; Moguilner G; Dharan M; Siplovitch L EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p579-82 MJGallium Radioisotopes; Lung; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Neuroblastoma; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate MNInfant; Perfusion MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003140 TIFocal pulmonary edema. Correlation with perfusion lung scan. ABPulmonary embolism is diagnosed by a mismatched perfusion-ventilation lung scan. The probability is increased further when there is an associated ╥hot spot╙ in the perfusion study caused by focal pulmonary edema. AUTiu S; Liu D; Kramer EL; Sanger JJ EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p583-5 MJLung; Pulmonary Edema /RI MNMiddle Age; Perfusion; Pulmonary Edema /ET; Pulmonary Embolism /CO; Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin /DU MTCase Report; Comparative Study; Human; Male RN0 (technetium Tc 99m gluceptate); 0 (technetium Tc 99m tin colloid); 7440-26-8 (Technetium); 7440-31-5 (Tin) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003141 TITechnetium-99m glucoheptonate as a scanning agent in hepatocellular carcinoma. ABTechnetium-99m glucoheptonate (Tc-99m GH) is concentrated in pulmonary and cerebral tumors. The purpose of this study was to assess the uptake of this radionuclide by hepatocellular carcinoma. Its concentration by the primary tumor was compared with that in the non-neoplastic hepatic tissue in 31 patients who showed obvious defects on a colloid scan, and its uptake by pulmonary metastases was examined in six patients with x-ray evidence of this complication. In two patients, the uptake by the tumor was greater than, in six it was equal to, and in ten it was less than that in the non-neoplastic hepatic tissue. In the remaining 13 patients, there was no concentration at all in the tumor. In none of the six patients with multiple pulmonary metastases could uptake of Tc-99m GH by the metastases be demonstrated. It is concluded that Tc-99m GH is of limited value in the diagnosis of primary or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. AUEsser JD; Kew MC; Tobias M; Winterton R; Savitch I; Levin J EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p586-8 MJHepatoma; Liver Neoplasms; Sugar Acids; Technetium MNAdult; Aged; Lung Neoplasms /RI /SC; Middle Age; Tin /DU MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN63347-66-0 (Technetium Tc 99m Medronate) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003143 TIBone image detection of lesions induced by self-administered anticoagulants. AUPolga JP; Spencer RP EM8601 IDCA 17802 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p592 MJAnticoagulants; Hemorrhage /RI; Self Medication; Thrombophlebitis MNAdult; Hand; Hemorrhage /CI; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate /DU; Thigh MTCase Report; Female; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN41183-64-6 (gallium-67 citrate) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003144 TIGallium-67 citrate accumulation in parotid and submandibular glands in sarcoidosis. AULubat E; Kramer EL EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p593 MJGallium Radioisotopes; Parotid Diseases; Salivary Gland Diseases; Sarcoidosis; Submandibular Gland Diseases MNAdult MTCase Report; Female; Human RN41183-64-6 (gallium-67 citrate); 7439-89-6 (Iron) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003145 TIThe gallium-67 citrate bone scan. AUMoreno AJ; Swaney JJ; Spicer MJ; Henry CD; Turnbull GL EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p594-5 MJBlood Transfusion; Bone and Bones; Erythrocytes; Gallium Radioisotopes; Pancytopenia /TH MNAdolescence; Gallium Radioisotopes /ME; Iron /ME; Pancytopenia /RI MTCase Report; Human; Male RN63347-66-0 (Technetium Tc 99m Medronate) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003146 TIBladder in the sac. AUApodaca D; Roseland C; Bekerman C; Pinsky S EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p596-7 MJBladder Diseases; Scrotum MNAged; Bone Neoplasms /RI /SC; Hernia /RI; Prostatic Neoplasms /RI; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate /DU MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003147 TIVertebral hemangioma. Radionuclide, radiographic, and CT correlation. AUWilliams AG Jr; Mettler FA Jr EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p598 MJHemangioma; Lumbar Vertebrae; Spinal Neoplasms MNHemangioma /RA /RI; Middle Age; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Spinal Neoplasms /RA /RI; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Uterine Neoplasms MTCase Report; Comparative Study; Female; Human RN23288-60-0 (Technetium Tc 99m Pertechnetate) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003148 TIRadionuclide angiography. Parotid hemangioma. AUWells RG; Deacon JS; Sty JR EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p599-600 MJHemangioma; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Parotid Neoplasms MNInfant, Newborn; Technetium Tc 99m Pertechnetate /DU MTCase Report; Human IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003149 TIFocal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. Scintigraphic demonstration with technetium-99m sulfur colloid emission computed tomography. AUParker LA; Banning B EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p601 MJLiver; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; Tomography, Emission Computed MNAdult; Hyperplasia /RI; Liver /RI MTCase Report; Female; Human RN7440-26-8 (Technetium) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003150 TIFocal liver defect caused by hydatid cyst in the lung. AUGroshar D; Jerusalmi J; Gips S; Lam M; Israel O EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p602 MJEchinococcosis, Pulmonary; Liver MNChild; Erythrocytes; Technetium /DU MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (technetium Tc 99m disofenin); 7440-26-8 (Technetium) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003151 TIDual ╥hot spot╙ during combined hepatic imaging. AUSlavin JD Jr; Skarzynski JJ; Spencer RP EM8601 IDCA 17802 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p603 MJImino Acids; Liver; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; Technetium MNGallbladder /RI; Middle Age; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome /RI MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN63347-66-0 (Technetium Tc 99m Medronate) IS0363-9762 LAEnglish JCDF6 SBM UI86003152 TIVesicocolonic fistula. AUMakhija M; Brodie M EM8601 SOClin Nucl Med (United States), Aug 1985, 10(8) p604-5 MJBladder Fistula; Colonic Diseases; Intestinal Fistula MNAged; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate /DU MTCase Report; Female; Human RN144-83-2 (Sulfapyridine); 50-24-8 (Prednisolone); 599-79-1 (Salicylazosulfapyridine); 6054-98-4 (azodisalicylate); 82101-17-5 (ipsalazide); 82101-18-6 (balsalazide); 89-57-6 (5-aminosalicylic acid) IS0312-5963 LAEnglish JCDG5 SBM UI86003153 TIClinical pharmacokinetics of sulphasalazine, its metabolites and other prodrugs of 5-aminosalicylic acid. ABThere is accumulating clinical evidence that 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) represents the therapeutic moiety of sulphasalazine in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. For more than 4 decades, the active metabolite, 5-ASA, has been administered in the form of the 'prodrug' sulphasalazine; however, in contrast to sulphasalazine, the pharmacokinetics of 5-ASA were unknown until recently. Sulphasalazine itself is poorly absorbed (3 to 12%) and its elimination half-life of about 5 to 10 hours is probably affected by the absorption process. The major part of sulphasalazine is split by bacterial azo-reduction in the colon into 5-ASA and sulphapyridine, the latter accounting for most of the adverse effects of sulphasalazine. The effective cleavage of sulphasalazine depends on an intact colon and transit time. It is markedly reduced in patients taking antibiotics and after removal of the large bowel. The formed sulphapyridine is almost completely absorbed and eliminated by hydroxylation, glucuronidation and polymorphic acetylation. Depending on the genetic phenotype, the elimination half-life and apparent oral clearance of sulphapyridine are approximately 14 hours and 40 ml/min (slow acetylators) or 6 hours and 150 ml/min (fast acetylators), respectively. Of the 5-ASA released from its 'vehicle' sulphapyridine in the colon, at least 25% is absorbed and after acetylation is subsequently excreted in the urine. At least 50% is eliminated in the faeces. Recently, 5-ASA has also been administered directly in the form of enemas, suppositories and oral slow-release preparations. While the elimination half-life of 5-ASA is short (0.5 to 1.5 h), its major acetylated metabolite (which may be active) exhibits a half-life of 5 to 10 hours. During therapy with sulphasalazine or 5-ASA, steady-state plasma concentrations of 5-ASA are relatively low (less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml); thus its mode of action appears to be topically rather than systemically. Another approach to deliver the active 5-ASA to the gastrointestinal tract is accomplished with novel 'prodrugs' of 5-ASA, in which the carrier molecule sulphapyridine is replaced by 5-ASA itself (azodisalicylate) or other compounds. AUKlotz U EM8601 SOClin Pharmacokinet (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 10(4) p285-302 MJAminosalicylic Acids; Salicylazosulfapyridine MNBiological Availability; Chemistry; Colitis /DT; Colon /ME; Drug Interactions; Half-Life; Intestinal Absorption; Kidney /ME; Kinetics; Milk, Human /AN; Placenta /ME; Prednisolone /ME; Pregnancy; Rectum /ME; Sulfapyridine /ME; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution MCReview MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0312-5963 LAEnglish JCDG5 SBM UI86003154 TIPharmacokinetics of insulin. Implications for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy. ABThis review considers subcutaneous insulin pharmacokinetics, with emphasis on those aspects relevant to subcutaneous insulin infusion devices. These devices are in increasing use for diabetes therapy, although reliable data on subcutaneous insulin absorption is required to optimise their programming. Techniques for obtaining and interpreting pharmacokinetic data are considered. Recent studies would suggest that it is possible to simulate the major physiological fluctuations in blood insulin levels via continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, combined with appropriate bolus insulin delivery. Most insulin infused subcutaneously will reach the systemic circulation, and in the majority of diabetics, subcutaneous insulin degradation is low. However, the absorption rate is slow and it may take 6 to 8 hours to reach a steady-state following a change in the subcutaneous infusion rate. Thus there is little to be gained from hour by hour adjustments to the basal insulin infusion rate. Basal rate supplementation, and meal insulin requirements, are best met by bolus delivery. It is particularly important to provide increased systemic delivery of insulin with the start of a meal. The most appropriate adjustment for additional exercise may be a small reduction in the preceding meal bolus, rather than a reduction in the basal rate. Studies of the pharmacokinetics of insulin are an important contributing factor to the optimisation of subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy. AUKraegen EW; Chisholm DJ EM8601 SOClin Pharmacokinet (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 10(4) p303-14 MJInsulin Infusion Systems; Insulin /ME MNAbsorption; Blood Glucose /ME; C-Peptide /BL; Exertion; Food; Injections, Subcutaneous; Insulin /AD; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Periodicity; Recombinant Proteins /ME; Swine MCReview MTAnimal; Human RN0 (clopenthixol decanoate); 2709-56-0 (Flupenthixol); 2746-81-8 (moditen enanthate); 30909-51-4 (flupenthixol decanoate); 5002-47-1 (fluphenazine depot); 52-86-8 (Haloperidol); 69-23-8 (Fluphenazine); 74050-97-8 (haloperidol decanoate); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 982-24-1 (Clopenthixol) IS0312-5963 LAEnglish JCDG5 SBM UI86003155 TIClinical pharmacokinetics of the depot antipsychotics. ABThe clinical pharmacokinetics of the 4 depot antipsychotics for which plasma level studies are available (i.e. fluphenazine enanthate and decanoate, haloperidol decanoate, clopenthixol decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate) are reviewed. The proper study of these agents has been handicapped until recently by the necessity of accurately measuring subnanomolar concentrations in plasma. Their kinetic properties, the relationship of plasma concentrations to clinical effects, and conversion from oral to injectable therapy are discussed. The depot antipsychotics are synthesised by esterification of the active drug to a long chain fatty acid and the resultant compound is then dissolved in a vegetable oil. The absorption rate constant is slower than the elimination rate constant and therefore, the depot antipsychotics exhibit 'flip-flop' kinetics where the time to steady-state is a function of the absorption rate, and the concentration at steady-state is a function of the elimination rate. Fluphenazine is available as both an enanthate and decanoate ester (both dissolved in sesame oil), although the decanoate is more commonly used clinically. The enanthate produces peak plasma concentrations on days 2 to 3 and declines with an apparent elimination half-life (i.e. the half-time of the apparent first-order decline of plasma concentrations) of 3.5 to 4 days after a single injection. The decanoate produces an early high peak which occurs during the first day and then declines with an apparent half-life ranging from 6.8 to 9.6 days following a single injection. After multiple injections of fluphenazine decanoate, however, the mean apparent half-life increases to 14.3 days, and the time to reach steady-state is 4 to 6 weeks. Withdrawal studies with fluphenazine decanoate suggest that relapsing patients have a more rapid plasma concentration decline than non-relapsing patients, and that the plasma concentrations do not decline smoothly but may exhibit 'lumps' due to residual release from previous injection sites or multicompartment redistribution. Cigarette smoking has been found to be associated with a 2.33-fold increase in the clearance of fluphenazine decanoate. In 3 different studies, fluphenazine has been proposed to have a therapeutic range from less than 0.15 to 0.5 ng/ml with an upper therapeutic range of 4.0 ng/ml. Plasma concentrations following the decanoate injection are generally lower than, but clinically equivalent to, those attained with the oral form of the drug. Haloperidol decanoate plasma concentrations peak on the seventh day following injection although, in some patients, this peak may occur on the first day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) AUJann MW; Ereshefsky L; Saklad SR EM8601 SOClin Pharmacokinet (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 10(4) p315-33 MJTranquilizing Agents, Major /ME MNAging; Chemistry; Clopenthixol /AA /AD /ME; Delayed-Action Preparations; Flupenthixol /AA /AD /ME; Fluphenazine /AA /AD /ME; Half-Life; Haloperidol /AA /AD /ME; Kidney Diseases /ME; Kinetics; Liver Diseases /ME; Prolactin /BL; Smoking; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /AD MCReview MTHuman RN113-15-5 (Ergotamine); 58-08-2 (Caffeine) IS0312-5963 LAEnglish JCDG5 SBM UI86003156 TIClinical pharmacokinetics of ergotamine in migraine and cluster headache. ABErgotamine has been in use for the treatment of migraine for a century and is still considered to be the most effective therapeutic agent for acute attacks. Only during the last few years have assays been developed, enabling its pharmacokinetics to be studied. Appropriate assays for determining ergotamine concentrations in plasma are radioimmunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography. There is great interindividual variation in absorption of ergotamine in both patients and normal volunteers. Bioavailability is of the order of 5% or less by oral or rectal administration. After intramuscular or intravenous administration, plasma concentrations decay in a biexponential fashion. The elimination of half-life is 2 to 2.5 hours and clearance is about 0.68 L/h/kg. As yet, formal pharmacokinetics following oral dosing have not been determined. There is some evidence that ergotamine enters the cerebrospinal fluid. Metabolism occurs in the liver, and the primary route of excretion is biliary. Up to 90% of migraine patients experience complete or partial symptom relief after ergotamine, providing the drug is given as early in their attack as possible. Efficacy is greatest after parenteral administration, although adverse effects may make the rectal or inhaled routes preferable. There is some evidence to suggest that good responses are associated with plasma concentrations of 0.2 ng/ml or above within one hour of administration. The mode of action of ergotamine in migraine may be by means of selective arterial vasoconstriction on certain cranial vessel beds or, alternatively, by depression of central serotonergic neurons mediating pain transmission or circulatory regulation. Principal adverse effects of ergotamine include nausea, vomiting, weakness, muscle pains, paraesthesiae and coldness of the extremities. Ergotamine dependence is not uncommon, resulting in an exacerbation of the above symptoms. Dosage must therefore be limited to no more than 10mg per week to minimise toxicity. AUPerrin VL EM8601 SOClin Pharmacokinet (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 10(4) p334-52 MJCluster Headache; Ergotamine /ME; Migraine; Vascular Headache MNAdministration, Oral; Caffeine /PD; Cerebrovascular Circulation /DE; Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Interactions; Ergotamine /AD /AE; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Intestinal Absorption; Kinetics; Radioimmunoassay; Rectum; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Tongue MCReview MTHuman; Male RN125-84-8 (Aminoglutethimide) IS0312-5963 LAEnglish JCDG5 SBM UI86003157 TISingle-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of aminoglutethimide. ABThe oral pharmacokinetics of aminoglutethimide were determined in 17 patients receiving the drug therapeutically. The absorption of aminoglutethimide after oral intake was almost complete as judged by recovery of radio-labelled drug in the urine. The plasma half-life of the drug was markedly reduced (mean 43%) during multiple-dose administration as compared with a single dose, but only a moderate increase in total clearance (mean 26.9%) was observed. This finding was consistent with a significant reduction (mean 29.2%) in apparent volume of distribution (Vd) occurring during prolonged treatment. These alterations in drug distribution could also be demonstrated after a drug-free interval of 96 hours during treatment. The reduction in apparent volume of distribution could not be explained by altered plasma protein binding of aminoglutethimide, as evaluated by equilibrium dialysis experiments. AULonning PE; Schanche JS; Kvinnsland S; Ueland PM EM8601 SOClin Pharmacokinet (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 10(4) p353-64 MJAminoglutethimide /ME MNAdministration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aminoglutethimide /AD /TU; Blood Proteins /ME; Breast Neoplasms /DT; Dialysis; Half-Life; Kinetics; Mathematics; Middle Age; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1668-19-5 (Doxepin) IS0312-5963 LAEnglish JCDG5 SBM UI86003158 TIDoxepin plasma concentrations in clinical practice. Could there be a pharmacokinetic explanation for low concentrations? ABDuring therapeutic use of doxepin, we have often observed unexpectedly low doxepin plasma concentrations in patients on moderate dosages, e.g. 100 to 200mg daily. While non-compliance seemed the most likely explanation, we present the data for 6 patients in whom we considered non-compliance unlikely. The data can be explained by hypothesizing that in some patients, there is not a linear dosage-plasma concentration relationship and that on a steady dosage, plasma concentrations are not always maintained. If these phenomena can be more carefully documented they may assume clinical importance; indeed for 2 of the patients studied the falling plasma concentrations on a steady dosage were associated with a recurrence of depression. AUJoyce PR; Sharman JR EM8601 SOClin Pharmacokinet (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 10(4) p365-70 MJDoxepin MNDepressive Disorder /CO /DT; Doxepin /TU; Drug Administration Schedule; Kinetics; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RN32986-56-4 (Tobramycin); 50-06-6 (Phenobarbital); 57-41-0 (Phenytoin); 72558-82-8 (Ceftazidime) IS0312-5963 LAEnglish JCDG5 SBM UI86003159 TICerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of tobramycin, ceftazidime, phenobarbitone and phenytoin in a child. AUKoren G; Lavi S; Greenwald M; Roifman C; Leeder JS; Gelfand EW; MacLeod SM EM8601 SOClin Pharmacokinet (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 10(4) p371-5 MJCeftazidime; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Tobramycin MNCeftazidime /TU; Child, Preschool; Hydrocephalus /DT; Mathematics; Meningitis /DT; Phenobarbital /TU; Phenytoin /TU; Tobramycin /TU MTCase Report; Female; Human RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril); 76420-72-9 (MK 422) IS0312-5963 LAEnglish JCDG5 SBM UI86003160 TIClinical pharmacokinetics of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. A review. ABThe angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are an important therapeutic advance in the treatment of patients with hypertension and congestive heart failure. In addition, they are useful pharmacological probes to assess the contribution of the renin-angiotensin system to circulatory homeostasis. Captopril was the first angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor approved for use in patients with hypertension and congestive heart failure. It is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with detectable plasma concentrations apparent as early as 15 minutes. The extent of absorption is between 60 and 75% of an oral dose and peak plasma concentrations occur after approximately one hour. Captopril is primarily excreted by the kidneys via renal tubular secretion. Renal excretion is rapid, with 90% completed in the first 4 hours. The elimination half-life for unchanged captopril is about 1.7 hours and is markedly increased in the presence of renal insufficiency. Once absorbed, captopril is extensively metabolised to several forms, including a disulphide dimer of captopril, a captopril-cysteine disulphide, and other mixed disulphides with endogenous thiol compounds. It is probable that captopril and its pool of metabolites undergo reversible interconversions. Pharmacokinetic properties of captopril in patients with uncomplicated hypertension appear to be the same as in healthy subjects. However, long term administration of captopril leads to increased concentrations of total captopril, probably from the accumulation of captopril metabolites. Despite the number of potential influences on pharmacokinetic properties in patients with congestive heart failure, due to the many abnormalities in gastrointestinal tract oedema and reductions in splanchnic and renal blood flow, the available data suggest that its pharmacokinetic properties in patients with congestive heart failure resemble those in healthy subjects. However, additional data are necessary to confirm this. Enalapril is the second angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor to become available. Enalapril is a prodrug that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with 60 to 70% of an oral dose being absorbed. However, enalapril must be converted by hepatic esterases to the active form, enalaprilat. After the oral administration of enalapril, the tmax for enalapril is one hour, but for enalaprilat it is 4 hours. There is a prolonged terminal elimination phase with enalaprilat being detectable as late as 96 hours after dosing. Thus, enalapril has a much longer duration of action than captopril. Like captopril, enalapril is primarily excreted by the kidneys.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) AUKubo SH; Cody RJ EM8601 SOClin Pharmacokinet (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 10(5) p377-91 MJKininase II MNCaptopril /ME /PD /TU; Enalapril /AA /TU; Heart Failure, Congestive /DT /PP; Hypertension /DT /PP; Intestinal Absorption; Kinetics; Renin-Angiotensin System /DE; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tissue Distribution MCReview MTHuman RNEC 3.1. (Esterases); EC 3.1.1 (Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases); EC 3.1.1.8 (Cholinesterases); 22232-54-8 (Carbimazole); 306-40-1 (Succinylcholine); 50-78-2 (Aspirin); 561-27-3 (Diacetylmorphine); 57-42-1 (Meperidine); 59-46-1 (Procaine); 637-07-0 (Clofibrate) IS0312-5963 LAEnglish JCDG5 SBM UI86003161 TIClinical significance of esterases in man. ABEsterases, hydrolases which split ester bonds, hydrolyse a number of compounds used as drugs in humans. The enzymes involved are classified broadly as cholinesterases (including acetylcholinesterase), carboxylesterases, and arylesterases, but apart from acetylcholinesterase, their biological function is unknown. The acetylcholinesterase present in nerve endings involved in neurotransmission is inhibited by anticholinesterase drugs, e.g. neostigmine, and by organophosphorous compounds (mainly insecticides). Cholinesterases are primarily involved in drug hydrolysis in the plasma, arylesterases in the plasma and red blood cells, and carboxylesterases in the liver, gut and other tissues. The esterases exhibit specificities for certain substrates and inhibitors but a drug is often hydrolysed by more than one esterase at different sites. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), for example, is hydrolysed to salicylate by carboxylesterases in the liver during the first-pass. Only 60% of an oral dose reaches the systemic circulation where it is hydrolysed by plasma cholinesterases and albumin and red blood cell arylesterases. Thus, the concentration of aspirin relative to salicylate in the circulation may be affected by individual variation in esterase levels and the relative roles of the different esterases, and this may influence the overall pharmacological effect. Other drugs have been less extensively investigated than aspirin and these include heroin (diacetylmorphine), suxamethonium (succinylcholine), clofibrate, carbimazole, procaine and other local anaesthetics. Ester prodrugs are widely used to improve absorption of drugs and in depot preparations. The active drug is released by hydrolysis by tissue carboxylesterases. Individual differences in esterase activity may be genetically determined, as is the case with atypical cholinesterases and the polymorphic distribution of serum paraoxonase and red blood cell esterase D. Disease states may also alter esterase activity. AUWilliams FM EM8601 SOClin Pharmacokinet (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 10(5) p392-403 MJEsterases /ME MNAlbumins /ME; Aspirin /ME; Carbimazole /ME; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases /ME; Cholinesterase Inhibitors /PD; Cholinesterases /ME; Clofibrate /ME; Diacetylmorphine /ME; Disease /ME; Drugs /ME; Esterases /AI /CL; Meperidine /ME; Organophosphorus Compounds /ME; Procaine /ME; Sex Factors; Substrate Specificity; Succinylcholine /ME MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male RN1404-90-6 (Vancomycin); 15686-71-2 (Cephalexin); 32986-56-4 (Tobramycin); 64485-93-4 (Cefotaxime); 68403-31-6 (ceftizoxime); 72558-82-8 (Ceftazidime) IS0312-5963 LAEnglish JCDG5 SBM UI86003162 TIDrug therapy in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Clinical pharmacokinetic considerations. ABPeritoneal dialysis has become an accepted treatment modality for end-stage renal disease. The introduction of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has further popularised this technique. The need for adjustment of drug dosage in patients with endstage renal disease and the need for supplemental dosages following haemodialysis are well recognised. Little documentation exists concerning the need for supplemental drug dosage in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Knowledge of the influence of peritoneal dialysis on the elimination of specific drugs is essential to the rational design of dosage regimens in patients undergoing this dialysis technique. This review addresses the clinical pharmacokinetic aspects of drug therapy in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and considers: the efficiency of the peritoneal membrane as a dialysing membrane; the effects of peritoneal dialysis on the pharmacokinetics of drugs; the pharmacokinetic models and estimation methods for peritoneal dialysis clearance and the effects of peritoneal dialysis on drug elimination; the influence of the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs on drug dialysability; and the application of pharmacokinetic principles to the adjustment of drug dosage regimens in peritoneal dialysis patients. Data on drugs which have been studied in peritoneal dialysis are tabulated with inclusion of pharmacokinetic and dialysability information. AUPaton TW; Cornish WR; Manuel MA; Hardy BG EM8601 SOClin Pharmacokinet (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 10(5) p404-25 MJDrug Therapy; Drugs; Peritoneal Dialysis MNBiological Availability; Cefotaxime /AA /ME; Ceftazidime /ME; Cephalexin /ME; Intestinal Absorption; Kinetics; Membranes /ME; Models, Biological; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Peritoneum /ME; Protein Binding; Time Factors; Tobramycin /ME; Vancomycin /ME MCReview MTHuman RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine); 20830-75-5 (Digoxin); 439-14-5 (Diazepam); 57-43-2 (Amobarbital); 60-80-0 (Antipyrine) IS0312-5963 LAEnglish JCDG5 SBM UI86003163 TIEffect of acute and chronic exercise on hepatic drug metabolism. ABRecent research indicates that physical exercise and fitness are new host factors with impact on hepatic drug metabolism, contributing to the intra- and interindividual variation in drug response. Moderate to heavy physical exercise for a few hours reduces liver blood flow as assessed by indocyanine green clearance, leading to a decreased elimination of drugs exhibiting flow-limited metabolism (high clearance drugs) such as lignocaine (lidocaine). However, hepatic elimination of drugs exhibiting capacity-limited metabolism (low clearance drugs) such as antipyrine (phenazone), diazepam and amylobarbitone (amobarbital) is not affected by acute physical exercise. Improved physical fitness as expressed by the maximum oxygen uptake seems to increase the elimination rate of the low clearance drug antipyrine and possibly also aminopyrine, while investigations of the biotransformation of high clearance drugs are contradictory. The sum of research in this recent field is rather limited and the mechanism whereby changes in physical fitness influence hepatic drug metabolism needs to be established. It is not known if other liver functions are changed. If the findings also apply for drugs with a low therapeutic index, there may be a risk of exercise-induced changes in drug efficacy and toxicity. It is suggested that future studies on host factors influencing drug metabolism should include information on physical activity. AUDossing M EM8601 SOClin Pharmacokinet (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 10(5) p426-31 MJDrugs; Exertion; Liver MNAmobarbital /ME; Antipyrine /ME; Diazepam /ME; Digoxin /ME; Kinetics; Lidocaine /ME; Oxygen Consumption MCReview MTHuman RN58-55-9 (Theophylline) IS0312-5963 LAEnglish JCDG5 SBM UI86003164 TITheophylline. Pooled Michaelis-Menten parameters (Vmax and Km) and implications. ABThe literature on theophylline is confusing since in the same dose range one article will report linear kinetics while another will report non-linear kinetics. Single dose clearances and lower steady-state clearances of theophylline, recently reported in the literature, were used to estimate pooled Vmax and Km values of the Michaelis-Menten equation for 10 normal subjects. The mean Vmax was 1960 mg/day and the mean Km was 24.1 mg/L. These values were then utilised to: explain another set of different oral clearances following doses of 2 and 6 mg/kg reported in the literature; estimate relative effects of dose rate and type of input on absolute bioavailability; estimate AUC (0-infinity) as a function of single dose over the range 0 to 1500 mg; estimate the average steady-state serum concentration of theophylline (Cssav and steady-state oral clearance (CLsspo) as a function of dose rate in mg/day; illustrate how Michaelis-Menten kinetics alters the apparent first-order elimination rate constant and the half-life estimated from terminal log-linear plots at concentrations appreciably lower than the Km value; and illustrate how Michaelis-Menten kinetics affects the estimation of a zero-order absorption rate constant using the Wagner-Nelson method. AUWagner JG EM8601 SOClin Pharmacokinet (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 10(5) p432-42 MJTheophylline /ME MNBiological Availability; Delayed-Action Preparations; Kinetics; Theophylline /AD MCReview MTHuman RN1131-64-2 (Debrisoquin); 60-56-0 (Methimazole) IS0312-5963 LAEnglish JCDG5 SBM UI86003165 TIPharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability of methimazole. ABThe pharmacokinetics of methimazole following therapeutic doses were studied in healthy subjects, in thyrotoxic and hypothyroid patients before and after treatment to euthyroidism, and in patients with renal or hepatic insufficiency, using a highly sensitive gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay. Following intravenous administration of 10mg to healthy subjects, methimazole had an initial distribution half-life (t1/2 alpha) of 0.10 to 0.23 hours and an elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) of 4.9 to 5.7 hours. The absolute bioavailability after oral administration of 10mg methimazole in the fasting state was high, with a mean of 93%. The pharmacokinetic profiles showed small interindividual variations, although one of the hypothyroid patients had a rapid elimination half-life, in both the hypothyroid and euthyroid state (2.6 and 2.4 hours, respectively). The elimination rate was not enhanced in the thyrotoxic patients but was slightly prolonged in the hypothyroid patients. There was no influence of renal insufficiency, but a prolonged elimination half-life was observed in patients with hepatic failure, the prolongation being proportional to the degree of impairment. Thus, the pharmacokinetics of methimazole are relatively simple with small interindividual variations. In general, there are no pharmacokinetic reasons to adjust dosage in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis, except in the rare case of concomitant advanced hepatic insufficiency. AUJansson R; Lindstrom B ; Dahlberg PA EM8601 SOClin Pharmacokinet (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 10(5) p443-50 MJMethimazole MNAdult; Aged; Biological Availability; Debrisoquin /ME; Half-Life; Hyperthyroidism /ME; Hypothyroidism /ME; Kinetics; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1622-61-3 (Clonazepam); 50-06-6 (Phenobarbital); 57-41-0 (Phenytoin); 64-77-7 (Tolbutamide); 99-66-1 (Valproate) IS0312-5963 LAEnglish JCDG5 SBM UI86003166 TISerum protein binding of tolbutamide in patients treated with antiepileptic drugs. ABThe possible development of a displacement interaction involving tolbutamide, in epileptic patients, has been explored by studying the serum protein binding of this drug in vitro in 199 samples of sera from patients treated with antiepileptic agents included in a programme of therapeutic drug monitoring. 82 of the samples were from patients receiving a single drug, 86 from patients treated with 2 drugs, and 31 from patients treated with 3 drugs. The free fraction of tolbutamide was higher in serum from patients treated with antiepileptic drugs than in serum from untreated 'normal' volunteers. The increase was more marked the greater the number of antiepileptic drugs administered. Valproate appeared to be the most powerful displacing agent. AUFernandez MC ; Erill S; Lucena MI; Pita E; Perez-Alferez N EM8601 SOClin Pharmacokinet (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 10(5) p451-5 MJAnticonvulsants; Blood Proteins; Tolbutamide MNAdolescence; Adult; Anticonvulsants /BL; Binding, Competitive; Child; Clonazepam /PD; Drug Interactions; Middle Age; Phenobarbital /PD; Phenytoin /PD; Protein Binding; Valproate /PD MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003167 TIThe computerized on-line Medicaid pharmaceutical analysis and surveillance system: a new resource for postmarketing drug surveillance. AUStrom BL; Carson JL; Morse ML; LeRoy AA EM8601 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p359-64 MJComputers; Evaluation Studies; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing MNDrug Utilization; Medical Assistance, Title 19; Morbidity; United States MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN465-65-6 (Naloxone); 57-27-2 (Morphine); 60607-34-3 (oxatimide); 68844-77-9 (astemizole) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003168 TIMorphine-induced skin wheals: a possible model for the study of histamine release. ABWe evaluated the ability of morphine to release histamine when injected intradermally in man. Mathematic analysis of the dose-response (wheal) relationship suggested that two different effects were involved. The effect of low doses of morphine (0.05 to 1 microgram) was clearly antagonized by naloxone (0.4 or 1.2 mg im 30 minutes before), whereas the effect of higher doses (5 to 50 micrograms) was not modified. The median effective doses of morphine (ED50) for the low dose range effect were 0.07 +/- 0.01 and 0.08 +/- 0.01 microgram before naloxone and 0.14 +/- 0.02 and 0.15 +/- 0.03 microgram after 0.4 and 1.2 mg doses, respectively. Astemizole (45 mg po 30 minutes before) and oxatomide (60 mg po 120 minutes before) produced similar inhibition of histamine-induced wheals, but there were clear differences in their effects on wheals elicited by morphine. Morphine ED50 values for the low dose range effect rose from 0.09 +/- 0.01 to 0.20 +/- 0.01 microgram after astemizole and from 0.08 +/- 0.01 to 0.46 +/- 0.04 microgram after oxatomide. Opiate receptors may be involved in some of the effects produced by morphine injection in the human skin, but morphine-induced wheals seem to offer a suitable model for the evaluation of agents capable of inhibiting histamine release in man. AUSaucedo R; Erill S EM8601 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p365-70 MJErythema; Histamine Liberation; Morphine /PD MNAdult; Benzimidazoles /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Injections, Intradermal; Morphine /AI; Naloxone /PD; Piperazines /PD MTHuman; Male RN64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003169 TIInteractions between ethanol and oral contraceptive steroids. ABWe investigated the effect of oral contraceptive steroids (OCSs) on plasma ethanol disposition and tolerance to ethanol. Fifty-four healthy women between 18 and 40 years old were classified as light (31) or moderate (23) drinkers. Each group was further subdivided into controls (no OCS; 10 light, seven moderate drinkers), 30 or 35 micrograms estrogen OCS (14 light, 11 moderate drinkers), and 50 micrograms estrogen OCS (seven light, five moderate drinkers). Four of the subjects were studied on a second occasion, thus acting as their own controls with and without OCS use. All women were studied between days 14 and 21 of their pill/menstrual cycle. Plasma ethanol concentrations and two simple tests of motor function were measured for 6 hours after ethanol, 0.9 gm/kg in orange juice drank over a 30-minute period. The groups were well matched for age and weight. There were no significant differences between any of the six subgroups in mean peak plasma ethanol concentration, mean time to peak, mean AUC, or mean rate of ethanol disappearance. This was also the case for the four women who acted as their own controls. Analyses between those receiving high and low progestogen OCSs and between smokers and nonsmokers showed no significant differences. There was acute deterioration in functional performance as measured by two motor function tests in all subjects, regardless of OCS use. Moderate drinkers were significantly less functionally impaired than light drinkers whether with or without OCS use, indicating acquired tolerance. The mean degree of impairment and mean recovery time for both tests were significantly less in the OCS groups than in the control groups. The same trend was seen in the four women who were their own controls. Our results suggest that OCS use may induce some form of ╥tolerance╙ to ethanol. However, because there is no evidence of any change in ethanol disposition even at high plasma ethanol concentrations (greater than 100 mg/dl), women taking OCSs should not attempt to drink more than usual. AUHobbes J; Boutagy J; Shenfield GM EM8601 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p371-80 MJAlcohol, Ethyl; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal MNAbsorption; Administration, Oral; Adolescence; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcohol, Ethyl /ME; Analysis of Variance; Chromatography, Gas; Drug Interactions; Reaction Time; Smoking MTFemale; Human RN32004-67-4 (sulindac sulfide); 38194-50-2 (Sulindac); 59864-04-9 (sulindac sulfone) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003171 TISulindac metabolism: the importance of an intact colon. ABThe pharmacokinetics of sulindac have been studied after a single 200 mg oral dose in six normal subjects and five patients with surgical ileostomies. The plasma concentration-time curves for sulindac were similar in both groups up to 12 hours after dosing, indicating similar absorption of the drug. Higher plasma concentrations of sulindac were found in normal subjects after 12 hours, but this late phase accounted for only 12% of the total AUC in the subjects. The sulfone metabolite showed a similar pattern, with no statistically significant difference in the total AUC, but in patients with ileostomy there was a halving of the AUC after 12 hours. Plasma concentrations of the active sulfide metabolite were similar in both groups up to 12 hours, but negligible concentrations were detected in the plasma of patients with ileostomy after 12 hours. Thus the AUC after 12 hours, which represented 55% of the total AUC in normal subjects, was reduced to only 7% in patients with ileostomy. The rate of reduction of sulindac in vitro by ileostomy effluent was only one hundredth that by normal feces. Our results suggest that the gut microflora are an important site of reduction of sulindac in man. Comparison of AUC values suggests that about half the total sulfide is formed by the gut bacteria, probably from sulindac excreted in the bile. AUStrong HA; Warner NJ; Renwick AG; George CF EM8601 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p387-93 MJIleum; Indenes; Sulindac /ME MNAbsorption; Administration, Oral; Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Half-Life; Ileostomy; Kinetics; Middle Age; Sulindac /AA /BL /UR MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1131-64-2 (Debrisoquin) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003172 TIA family study of genetic and environmental factors determining polymorphic hydroxylation of debrisoquin. ABDebrisoquin hydroxylation capacity determined as the ratio of debrisoquin to 4-OH-debrisoquin (DMR) in urine after a single oral dose (10 mg) was studied in 52 nuclear families comprising 226 subjects. The relative importance of genetic and environmental factors for DMR was studied by path analysis. There was a significant negative correlation between DMR and coffee intake but no significant correlations between DMR and sex, age, alcohol intake, or smoking habits. Path analysis showed that genetic heritability was 0.79 while cultural heritability was only 0.06. Complex segregation analysis gave evidence for a major locus with incomplete dominance (d = 0.28) between a recessive and an additive gene. The frequency of the major gene was 0.31, allowing an estimate of the frequency of slow hydroxylators in the Swedish population of 9.4%. There was also evidence for a multifactorial component accounting for 14% of the total variation. It was not possible to distinguish between the different genotypes within the rapid hydroxylator phenotype. Our data agree with previous studies in British and German populations showing that two alleles at a major autosomal locus can explain most of the observed variation in DMR. The frequency of slow hydroxylators in Sweden is very similar to that reported in other European studies. The debrisoquin metabolic phenotype seems to be extensively controlled by a monogenic system and not significantly influenced by environmental factors or age. AUSteiner E; Iselius L; Alvan G ; Lindsten J; Sjoqvist F EM8601 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p394-401 MJDebrisoquin; Family; Isoquinolines MNAdministration, Oral; Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Biotransformation; Chromatography, Gas; Debrisoquin /UR; Environment; Genotype; Hydroxylation; Middle Age; Phenotype; Smoking MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1131-64-2 (Debrisoquin); 50-12-4 (Mephenytoin); 59333-79-8 (4-hydroxydebrisoquin) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003173 TIInterethnic differences in genetic polymorphism of debrisoquin and mephenytoin hydroxylation between Japanese and Caucasian populations. ABInterethnic differences in debrisoquin and mephenytoin hydroxylation have been compared between normal white (n = 183) and Japanese (n = 100) subjects with the 8-hour urinary metabolic ratio of debrisoquin and the urinary S/R enantiomeric ratio of mephenytoin to identify extensive (EM) and poor (PM) metabolizers. In white subjects the frequency of PMs was 8.7% and 2.7% for debrisoquin and mephenytoin, respectively. In contrast, in Japanese subjects no PMs of debrisoquin were identified, while the incidence of PMs of mephenytoin was 18%. These substantial differences (P less than 0.001) in polymorphic distributions of oxidative drug metabolizing ability have implications for interethnic efficacy and toxicity of drugs and other xenobiotics that are metabolized by the involved cytochrome P-450 isozymes. AUNakamura K; Goto F; Ray WA; McAllister CB; Jacqz E; Wilkinson GR; Branch RA EM8601 IDGM 31304; RR 00095 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p402-8 MJDebrisoquin /ME; Hydantoins; Isoquinolines; Mephenytoin MNAdministration, Oral; Adolescence; Adult; Caucasoid Race; Debrisoquin /AA /UR; Genotype; Hydroxylation; Japan /EH; Mephenytoin /UR; Middle Age; Phenotype; Random Allocation MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN1131-64-2 (Debrisoquin); 26839-75-8 (Timolol); 59333-79-8 (4-hydroxydebrisoquin) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003174 TIPharmacokinetics and beta-blocking effects of timolol in poor and extensive metabolizers of debrisoquin. ABWe studied the pharmacokinetics and beta-blocking effects of a single, oral 20 mg dose of timolol in six poor metabolizers (PMs) and six extensive metabolizers (EMs) of debrisoquin. The plasma timolol concentration was significantly higher in PMs than in EMs. There was a fourfold difference in mean AUC (1590 +/- 1133 vs. 394 +/- 239 ng X hr/ml; P less than 0.01) and a twofold difference in mean t1/2 (7.5 +/- 3 vs. 3.7 +/- 1.7 hours; P less than 0.01), reflecting differences in oral clearance (13.1 +/- 7.8 vs. 48.5 +/- 23.2 L/hr; P less than 0.01). The degree of beta-blockade was greater in PMs than in EMs at 12 hours (30.9% vs. 18.2%; P less than 0.05) and at 24 hours (28.3% vs. 13.1%; P less than 0.05). In the group as a whole the metabolic ratio correlated positively with both kinetic data and beta-blockade, but some overlap was observed. Hence timolol metabolism appears to be subject to debrisoquin-type polymorphism, which results in interphenotypic variation in plasma concentration and beta-blocking effect. AUMcGourty JC; Silas JH; Fleming JJ; McBurney A; Ward JW EM8601 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p409-13 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Debrisoquin /ME; Isoquinolines; Timolol /ME MNAbsorption; Administration, Oral; Adult; Biotransformation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Debrisoquin /AA /BL /UR; Exertion; Heart Rate /DE; Kinetics; Middle Age; Phenotype; Timolol /BL /UR MTComparative Study; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN115-38-8 (Mephobarbital); 50-12-4 (Mephenytoin); 61837-65-8 (4-hydroxymephenytoin); 79025-08-4 (4-hydroxymephobarbital) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003175 TIStereoselective mephobarbital hydroxylation cosegregates with mephenytoin hydroxylation. ABThe 8-hour urinary recovery of 4-hydroxy-mephobarbital has been measured after oral administration of racemic mephobarbital (90 mg) in 17 extensive (EM) and six poor (PM) metabolizer phenotypes of mephenytoin. The recovery of this metabolite was measurable in every EM and ranged from 2.5% to 48% (10.9% +/- 1.9% of dose), but was not detected in any PM (less than 1% of dose). In EMs, the 8-hour urine recovery of 4-OH-mephobarbital after mephobarbital was approximately half that of 4-OH-mephenytoin over the same time after mephenytoin administration. One EM received similar doses of R- and S-mephobarbital on separate occasions. Urinary recovery of 4-OH-mephobarbital was 33% and less than 1%, respectively. These results suggest that mephobarbital is stereoselectively hydroxylated by the same drug metabolizing enzyme that is responsible for the stereoselective aromatic hydroxylation of mephenytoin. AUKupfer A ; Branch RA EM8601 IDGM-31304; RR00099 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p414-8 MJHydantoins; Mephenytoin /ME; Mephobarbital /ME MNAdministration, Oral; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Hydroxylation; Mephenytoin /AA /UR; Mephobarbital /AA /UR; Phenotype; Stereoisomers MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN16590-41-3 (Naltrexone) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003176 TIEffects of long-term therapy with naltrexone on body weight in obesity. ABThe endogenous opiate system is thought to be associated with the regulation of food intake and body weight. Opiate antagonists decrease food intake in animals, but there are no controlled studies in obese man to evaluate body weight response to naltrexone. Sixty obese people were randomized into three groups and given 0, 50, or 100 mg of the opiate antagonist naltrexone for 8 weeks in an outpatient, double-blind study. Weight loss was not significant in either the 50 or 100 mg groups as compared with placebo. However, when broken down by sex, women had a significant (P less than 0.05) weight loss of 1.7 kg, while men did not lose weight. Side effects were modest, but six subjects had one or more abnormal liver function test results; in one subject these abnormalities appeared to be clinically significant. The effects of naltrexone on weight loss were less than expected in light of prior animal studies, but further studies with a wider dose range of naltrexone may be indicated. AUAtkinson RL; Berke LK; Drake CR; Bibbs ML; Williams FL; Kaiser DL EM8601 ID5 P60 AM 22125 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p419-22 MJBody Weight; Naltrexone /TU; Obesity MNAdministration, Oral; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Liver Function Tests; Middle Age; Naltrexone /AE; Random Allocation; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN63590-64-7 (terazosine) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003177 TITerazosin kinetics after oral and intravenous doses. ABTerazosin kinetics were followed in normal subjects after intravenous doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg and oral doses of 1.0 mg. Plasma and urine samples were collected for the first 48 and 24 hours. The samples were analyzed by a sensitive HPLC assay developed in our laboratory. Mean calculated peak plasma levels from the 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg intravenous doses were 25.0, 44.1, and 83.3 ng/ml. After a 1 mg oral dose the mean peak level was 19.6 ng/ml. Data were fit to a two-compartment open model with mean elimination phase t1/2 values of 7.9, 8.9, and 10.1 hours for the ascending intravenous doses and 11.6 hours for the oral dose. Mean 0 to 24-hour urinary recovery after the intravenous doses was 14%, 13%, and 11%. It is concluded that terazosin kinetics are linear after oral and intravenous doses. AUPatterson SE EM8601 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p423-7 MJPiperazines /ME MNAdministration, Oral; Adolescence; Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Half-Life; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Piperazines /AD /BL /UR MTComparative Study; Human; Male RN29122-68-7 (Atenolol); 59170-23-9 (bevantolol) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003178 TIVentilatory effects of atenolol and bevantolol in asthma. ABThe cardioequipotency of 400 mg bevantolol and 100 mg atenolol was determined by measuring the exercise heart rate in healthy subjects. The beta-blockers were then used in these doses to investigate their ventilatory effects in patients with asthma. The effects of both drugs on forced expiratory flow parameters for large and small airways were assessed at rest and during and after exercise. A dose-response curve was then plotted after inhalation of the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline. Bevantolol significantly decreased the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) at rest, while there was no such change with placebo or atenolol. Both beta-blockers decreased the maximal expiratory flow rates at 50% of forced vital capacity (MEF50) and after expiration of 75% of the forced vital capacity (MEF25) at rest; the decrease was larger after bevantolol than after atenolol. During atenolol there was a decrease in FEV1 and in PEFR (P less than 0.01) 15 minutes after exercise in comparison with preexercise values. There was no significant difference between pre- and postexercise values of MEF50 and MEF25 during atenolol dosing. After bevantolol there was only a small change in PEFR after exercise, probably because of the low preexercise values of the ventilatory indices with this drug. Inhalation of terbutaline up to a dose of 2 mg significantly improved all ventilatory indices measured, but with bevantolol the values after 2 mg inhaled terbutaline were lower than the initial values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AULammers JW; Folgering HT; van Herwaarden CL EM8601 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p428-33 MJAsthma; Atenolol /PD; Propanolamines /PD; Respiration MNAdministration, Oral; Adult; Atenolol /BL /TU; Blood Pressure /DE; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Exertion; Forced Expiratory Volume; Heart Rate /DE; Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate; Middle Age; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Propanolamines /BL /TU; Random Allocation; Vital Capacity /DE MTComparative Study; Human; Male RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 39562-70-4 (nitrendipine) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003179 TIAntihypertensive and cardiovascular effects of nitrendipine: a controlled study vs. placebo. ABThe antihypertensive and cardiovascular effects of nitrendipine, a calcium entry blocker similar to nifedipine, have been evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 20 patients with hypertension. At baseline and at the end of the 8-week period (nitrendipine, 20 mg once a day, or placebo, 1 tablet once a day) the following parameters were measured: systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) at rest by an automatic recorder; BP, HR, and cardiac workload (systolic BP X HR) during exercise testing on a bicycle; left ventricular mass (LVMe according to the method of Devereux) and cross-sectional area (CSA), and main parameters of systolic function (end diastolic volume, end systolic volume [ESV], and ejection fraction [EF]) by M mode echocardiography. There was a significant decrease in BP at rest (163/108 vs. 144/92 mm Hg; P less than 0.001) and during exercise in subjects receiving nitrendipine, while placebo did not modify these parameters. LVMe (from 195 to 188 gm; P less than 0.01) and CSA (from 20.2 to 19.8 cm2; P less than 0.05) were reduced by nitrendipine, which also improved cardiac performance (ESV fell from 44 to 38 ml [P less than 0.001] and EF fell from 62% to 66% [P less than 0.01]). No effect was observed in the placebo group. Our results indicate that nitrendipine is a powerful antihypertensive agent that also improves cardiac performance and slightly but significantly reduces left ventricular mass. AUFerrara LA; Fasano ML; de Simone G; Soro S; Gagliardi R EM8601 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p434-8 MJHypertension; Nifedipine MNAdministration, Oral; Adult; Blood Pressure /DE; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Echocardiography; Exertion; Heart Rate /DE; Middle Age; Nifedipine /AE /TU MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN70458-92-3 (pefloxacine); 70458-96-7 (Norfloxacin) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003180 TIPefloxacin kinetics in cirrhosis. ABPefloxacin pharmacokinetics were evaluated in 16 patients with histologically proved cirrhosis of the liver and compared with those in 12 healthy subjects. In the patients with cirrhosis, the mean (+/- SD) t1/2, although highly variable, was significantly longer (35.10 +/- 19.00 hours) than in the normal subjects (11.00 +/- 2.64 hours; P less than 0.001). In the patients, the volume of distribution was decreased by 18% (P less than 0.02) and total plasma clearance was markedly decreased (2.66 +/- 1.85 vs. 8.19 +/- 2.80 L/hr X 1.73 m2; P less than 0.001). The t1/2 was longer in patients with ascites or jaundice than in patients without these complications. The urinary excretion of unchanged pefloxacin was higher in the patients than in the subjects, while the excretion of N-desmethyl pefloxacin (a major metabolite of the drug) was lower. It is proposed that the decreased plasma clearance of pefloxacin in patients with cirrhosis is a result of decreased hepatic metabolism of the drug, and that the dosage should probably be modified in these patients. AUDanan G; Montay G; Cunci R; Erlinger S EM8601 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p439-42 MJLiver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Norfloxacin MNAdult; Aged; Biotransformation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Half-Life; Infusions, Parenteral; Kinetics; Middle Age; Norfloxacin /BL /ME MTFemale; Human; Male RN54-11-5 (Nicotine); 630-08-0 (Carbon Monoxide) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003182 TITransdermal nicotine reduces cigarette craving and nicotine preference. ABThe effects of transdermal nicotine in 10 cigarette smokers were studied in a within-subjects, double-blind design. Either 8 mg nicotine base in a 30% aqueous solution or an inactive placebo solution was applied to intact skin under a polyethylene patch. Subjective reports of cigarette craving were collected every 30 minutes during a 90-minute smoking abstinence period. Immediately before and after this abstinence period subjects smoked through a smoke mixing device that allowed them to select their desired nicotine intake with each puff. Transdermal nicotine significantly increased saliva nicotine levels within 30 minutes after application. Cigarette craving was significantly lower in the nicotine condition than in the placebo condition. Nicotine preference during the initial puffs of the smoke mixer test at the end of 90 minutes of deprivation was also decreased by transdermal nicotine. In contrast, measures of cumulative smoke intake were not affected by the nicotine dose used. Our results suggest that transdermal nicotine may enhance success in smoking cessation by preventing the rise in cigarette craving usually observed after cessation. Transdermal nicotine may be preferable to other routes of nicotine administration because of the relative absence of adverse side effects. AURose JE; Herskovic JE; Trilling Y; Jarvik ME EM8601 IDDA02665 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p450-6 MJNicotine /TU; Smoking MNBreath Tests; Carbon Monoxide /AN; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Heart Rate /DE; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nicotine /AD /BL; Questionnaires; Saliva /AN; Skin Absorption MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN76-74-4 (Pentobarbital) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003183 TIPharmacokinetics of high-dose pentobarbital in severe head trauma. ABHigh-dose pentobarbital infusion has been advocated as an effective adjunct in controlling persistent intracranial hypertension after severe head trauma in patients refractory to conventional therapy. Pentobarbital disposition was assessed in 10 adults with severe nonpenetrating head injury after an intravenous loading dose of sodium pentobarbital, 10 mg/kg, infused over 1 hour, followed by a continuous infusion at 0.5 to 3.0 mg/kg/hr provided the cerebral perfusion pressure remained greater than 50 torr. Pharmacokinetic parameters of volume of distribution at steady state (Vss), total body clearance (CL), and t1/2 for the patients with trauma were statistically compared with similar estimates reported for seven adult subjects without head injury. On discontinuation of the pentobarbital infusion, serum concentrations in the patients followed a monoexponential decline with a mean (+/- SD) t1/2 and Vss that were significantly less than values reported for the control subjects (15.6 +/- 3.9 vs. 22.3 +/- 4.0 hours and 44.0 +/- 11.7 vs. 63.4 +/- 15.2 L, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the mean pentobarbital CL of the patients (2.0 +/- 0.7 L/hr) and the subjects (2.0 +/- 0.4 L/hr). To our knowledge this is the first report on the disposition, elimination, and intrasubject variability of high-dose pentobarbital infusion in adult patients with head trauma. AUBayliff CD; Schwartz ML; Hardy BG EM8601 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p457-61 MJHead Injuries; Intracranial Pressure; Pentobarbital /TU MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Chromatography, Gas; Half-Life; Infusions, Parenteral; Kinetics; Middle Age; Pentobarbital /BL /ME MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN74258-86-9 (alacepril) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003184 TIPharmacokinetics of a new angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (alacepril) after oral dosing in fasting or fed states. ABThe plasma concentration and urinary excretion of a newly developed angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, alacepril (which is converted to captopril after absorption), were investigated in seven normal healthy subjects. Fifty milligrams of the drug was administered orally either in the fasting or in the fed state. In the fasting state, the time of maximal plasma concentration (tmax) was 1 hour for free captopril, 1.7 hours for protein-conjugated captopril, and 1.6 hours for total captopril. The biologic t1/2 of free, protein-conjugated, and total captopril was 1.9, 4.2, and 5 hours, respectively. In the fed state, neither tmax nor t1/2 changed, except that the tmax of free captopril was prolonged to 1.9 hours (P less than 0.01). Cumulative urinary excretion of free captopril at 8 hours was 35% of the drug administered in the fasting state and that of total captopril at 24 hours was 59%. These data did not differ significantly from those obtained after food intake. The biologic t1/2 of free captopril after alacepril dosing was longer than in previous studies of captopril per se. Because biologic or clinical effects have not been studied, it should be left conjectural whether alacepril is a longer-acting angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor. A prolonged effect of the drug can be expected by its administration after a meal. AUOnoyama K; Hirakata H; Tsuruda H; Ohchi N; Tomooka S; Motomura K; Omae T; Hayashi K; Fujishima M EM8601 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p462-8 MJCaptopril MNAdministration, Oral; Adult; Biotransformation; Blood Pressure /DE; Captopril /BL /UR; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Evaluation; Fasting; Heart Rate /DE; Kinetics; Middle Age MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN38753-76-3 (7 alpha-thiospironolactone); 38753-77-4 (7-thiomethylspirolactone); 42219-60-3 (6-hydroxy-7-thiomethylspirolactone); 52-01-7 (Spironolactone); 976-71-6 (Canrenone) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003185 TINew insights into the pharmacokinetics of spironolactone. ABFour healthy men took a single oral dose of 200 mg spironolactone after a standardized breakfast. Blood samples were drawn until 24 hours after dosing. A specific HPLC method was used to determine the serum concentrations of spironolactone and its metabolites 7 alpha-thiomethylspirolactone, 6 beta-hydroxy-7 alpha-thiomethylspirolactone, and canrenone. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived from the serum concentration-time course of each compound. Spironolactone, 7 alpha-thiomethylspirolactone, and canrenone are known to have antimineralocorticoid activity in man. Our study demonstrated that: (1) 7 alpha-Thiomethylspirolactone is the main metabolite of spironolactone after a single oral dose as judged by the AUC(0-24) and the maximum concentration; and (2) unchanged spironolactone was detected in serum, with a maximum concentration at 1 hour and detectable levels up to 8 hours after dosing. Our findings are contrary to the widely accepted belief that spironolactone is metabolized too rapidly to be detected in serum after oral dosing and that canrenone is the principal metabolite of spironolactone. AUOverdiek HW; Hermens WA; Merkus FW EM8601 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p469-74 MJSpironolactone /ME MNAbsorption; Administration, Oral; Adult; Biotransformation; Canrenone /BL; Half-Life; Kinetics; Spironolactone /AA /BL MTHuman; Male RN86-54-4 (Hydralazine) IS0009-9236 LAEnglish JCDHR SBA; M UI86003186 TIConcomitant food intake does enhance the bioavailability and effect of hydralazine [letter] AUMelander A; Liedholm H; McLean A EM8601 SOClin Pharmacol Ther (United States), Oct 1985, 38(4) p475-6 MJFood; Hydralazine MNBiological Availability MTHuman RN24305-27-9 (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone); 4257-92-5 (histidyl-proline diketopiperazine); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 66428-89-5 (Forskolin); 7004-12-8 (Arginine); 7005-03-0 (Leucine); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0265-5985 LAEnglish JCDIA SBM UI86003187 TIThyrotropin-releasing hormone and insulin release: in vitro studies with islets of normal and dysthyroid mice. ABPancreatic islets contain large-quantities of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and of its metabolite Histidyl-Proline diketopiperazine (Cyclo His-Pro). The effects of these two putative neurotransmitters on the pancreatic B-cell function have been evaluated in vitro, with islets of normal or dysthyroid mice. TRH and Cyclo His-Pro (10(-11)-10(-6) M) were without effect on insulin release induced by 10-20 mM glucose in islets of normal mice. They transiently accelerated the slow waves of membrane potential triggered in B cells by 10 mM glucose, but did not cause any sustained change in overall electrical activity, and did not affect the rate of 86Rb+ efflux from islet cells. They were also ineffective when insulin release was stimulated by leucine or arginine, or was potentiated by forskolin, an activator of the adenylate cyclase. Hyperthyroidism (induced by injections of thyroxine) caused a fall in islet insulin content, but augmented the 2 phases of glucose-induced release. On the other hand, hypothyroidism (induced by a low iodine diet and propylthiouracil) caused an increase in islet insulin content, but depressed the second phase of release. TRH did not affect either phase of insulin release by islets of hyperthyroid or hypothyroid mice. These results show that pancreatic B cells are not a target for TRH and Cyclo His-Pro. AUAwouters P; Meissner HP; Henquin JC EM8601 SODiabetes Res (Scotland), Mar 1985, 2(2) p105-10 MJHyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Insulin; Islands of Langerhans /SE; Peptides, Cyclic; Piperazines; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone MNArginine /PD; Body Weight /DE; Forskolin /PD; Glucose /PD; Islands of Langerhans /DE; Leucine /PD; Liver /PA; Membrane Potentials /DE; Mice; Myocardium /PA; Organ Weight; Pancreas /PA MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9002-72-6 (Somatotropin); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0265-5985 LAEnglish JCDIA SBM UI86003188 TIAssessment of tissue sensitivity to insulin in uraemic patients on long-term haemodialysis therapy. ABGlucose intolerance is a common concomitant of untreated chronic renal failure, but the effect of long-term treatment on the insulin resistance believed to be behind it is as yet not clarified. Peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin was therefore examined in 7 dialyzed uraemic patients, 8 undialyzed uraemic and 8 matched healthy subjects using the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp technique. The dialyzed subjects had been on maintenance haemodialysis for a mean of 4 yr (range, 3-131 months) and were studied both before and after a single random dialysis. The clamping was performed during 150 min using a glucose controlled insulin infusion system (Biostator). Insulin was infused at a rate of 2.0 mU/kg/min. Tissue sensitivity to insulin was expressed as glucose uptake (M) at steady state (90-150 min) over steady state serum insulin concentration (I). While M was significantly greater in healthy subjects (12.52 +/- 1.02 mg/kg/min, mean +/- 1 SEM) than in dialyzed uraemics (9.59 +/- 0.78 mg/kg/min and 9.36 +/- 0.70 mg/kg/min, both p less than 0.05), M/I was similar in chronically dialyzed patients (before and after dialysis: 0.098 +/- 0.017 mg/kg/min per microU/ml vs 0.104 +/- 0.020 mg/kg/min per microU/ml) and in controls (0.111 +/- 0.015 mg/kg/min per microU/ml; p greater than 0.20). In contrast M/I ratio of uraemic subjects who had never been dialyzed (0.062 +/- mg/kg/min per microU/ml) was significantly reduced (both p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUSchmitz O; Hjollund E; Alberti KG; Orskov H; Beck-Nielsen H EM8601 SODiabetes Res (Scotland), Mar 1985, 2(2) p57-63 MJHemodialysis; Insulin Resistance; Uremia /ME MNAdult; Blood Glucose /AN; C-Peptide /AN; Constriction; Glucagon /BL; Middle Age; Somatotropin /BL; Uremia /CO /TH MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0265-5985 LAEnglish JCDIA SBM UI86003189 TIBlood pressure at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes correlates with plasma insulin concentration but not during the next 5 years. ABAt diagnosis of non-insulin-requiring diabetes, in 215 patients, systolic and diastolic (Korotkow 4) blood pressures, corrected for arm circumference, correlated with fasting plasma insulin concentration (r = 0.29, p less than 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (W/H2), and age (p less than 0.05 in all cases for both systolic and diastolic pressures). Women had higher pressures but were also heavier than men. Systolic pressure fell by 13 +/- SD 11%, diastolic by 8 +/- 15%, over 1 month and remained decreased over 5 yr. The fall was greater with high initial pressure (r = 0.6-0.7, p less than 0.001 all years). The correlation of initial pressure with plasma insulin remained significant even when allowing for age, surface area, BMI, and plasma concentrations of glucose, urea, creatinine, sodium and urate. Neither gender nor treatment with sulphonylureas or hypotensives influenced this relationship. During the first 5 yr after diagnosis the correlation between blood pressure and insulin weakened, particularly when allowing for the factors above (at 5 yr, systolic p = 0.025, diastolic NS). AULowenthal LM; Pim B; Hillson RM; Dhar H; Hockaday TD EM8601 SODiabetes Res (Scotland), Mar 1985, 2(2) p65-9 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent /CO; Hypertension /ET MNAdult; Antihypertensive Agents /TU; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent /BL /PP; Diuretics /TU; Hypertension /DT; Insulin /BL; Middle Age; Prospective Studies MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 9004-10-8 (Insulin); 9035-68-1 (Proinsulin) IS0265-5985 LAEnglish JCDIA SBM UI86003190 TIGlucose regulated insulin biosynthesis in isolated rat pancreatic islets is accompanied by changes in proinsulin mRNA. ABIsolated rat pancreatic islets were incubated in high (28 mM) or low (2.8 mM) glucose for 0, 1 or 4 hr and insulin biosynthesis and messenger RNA quantified. During the 4 hr course of the experiments the fraction of protein synthesised specifically into proinsulin increased in the presence of high vs low glucose (14.3 +/- 3.7 vs 0.8 +/- 0.5%, p less than 0.01). The relative amount of proinsulin mRNA was found to be about 5-fold higher in islets incubated in high glucose at 4 hr as determined by RNA blot hybridization. Total translatable islet mRNA was unaffected by glucose in the medium. These data extend observations of changes in proinsulin mRNA in rats in vivo during fasting and glucose injection, and suggest a direct effect of glucose on islets. These data further demonstrate that glucose modulates selectively the level of proinsulin mRNA during incubation of isolated pancreatic islets and that changes in the level of proinsulin mRNA play an important role in regulation of insulin biosynthesis. AUGiddings SJ; Chirgwin JM; Permutt MA EM8601 IDAM-16746 SODiabetes Res (Scotland), Mar 1985, 2(2) p71-5 MJGlucose; Insulin; Islands of Langerhans; Proinsulin; RNA, Messenger MNGene Expression Regulation /DE; Proinsulin /GE; Rats; Transcription, Genetic; Translation, Genetic MTAnimal; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9004-10-8 (Insulin); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0265-5985 LAEnglish JCDIA SBM UI86003191 TICytotoxicity of MHC antisera against rat islets: detection by release of 51Cr and leakage of hormones. ABAntisera directed to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens are able to mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity against rat islets of Langerhans. This cytotoxic action was detected by the release of 51Cr from prelabeled islets or by the loss of glucagon, but beta-cell damage as measured by insulin leakage was less pronounced. In addition, MHC antigens were demonstrated on dispersed islet cells by indirect immunofluorescence. These results suggest that islet cells bear MHC antigens and that antibodies directed to these antigens can mediate a complement-dependent cytotoxic reaction against islets of Langerhans. AUKuttler B; Kloting I ; Schmidt S EM8601 SODiabetes Res (Scotland), Mar 1985, 2(2) p77-80 MJHistocompatibility Antigens; Islands of Langerhans; Isoantibodies MNCell Membrane Permeability; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Glucagon /AN; Insulin /AN; Major Histocompatibility Complex; Rats, Inbred LEW /IM; Rats MTAnimal RN0 (cerasee); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0265-5985 LAEnglish JCDIA SBM UI86003192 TICerasee, a traditional treatment for diabetes. Studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. ABCerasee, a wild variety of Momordica charantia is traditionally prepared as a tea for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the West Indies and Central America. To investigate a possible hypoglycaemic effect, concentrated aqueous extracts of cerasee were administered to normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. In normal mice, intraperitoneal administration of cerasee improved glucose tolerance after 8 hr, and in streptozotocin diabetic mice the level of hyperglycaemia was reduced by 50% after 5 hr. Chronic oral administration of cerasee to normal mice for 13 days improved glucose tolerance. The cerasee extracts did not significantly alter plasma insulin concentrations, suggesting that cerasee may exert an extrapancreatic effect to promote glucose disposal. AUBailey CJ; Day C; Turner SL; Leatherdale BA EM8601 SODiabetes Res (Scotland), Mar 1985, 2(2) p81-4 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Hypoglycemic Agents /TU MNAdministration, Oral; Blood Glucose /AN; Body Weight /DE; Eating /DE; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hypoglycemic Agents /AD /PD; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Insulin /BL; Medicine, Traditional; Mice; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal MTAnimal RN9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0265-5985 LAEnglish JCDIA SBM UI86003193 TIOutpatient stabilization programme--an innovative approach in the management of diabetes. ABAn outpatient stabilization programme for diabetic patients was established to overcome the disadvantages of inpatient treatment. The day to day management of patients was carried out by experienced nurse/educators under the supervision of physicians. The telephone was used extensively for communication between the patients and staff of the Diabetes Centre. In a 12 month period, 73 patients were commenced on insulin and 83 patients (62 on insulin) had their diabetic control re-stabilized. In both groups of patients there was a significant fall in glycosylated haemoglobin levels indicating improved metabolic control. Results were similar to those for patients admitted to hospital for stabilization. There are important social and economic benefits from the avoidance of repeated hospitalization. AUHoskins P; Alford J; Fowler P; Bolton T; Pech C; Hosking M; Dunn S; Forrest J; Yue D; Turtle J EM8601 SODiabetes Res (Scotland), Mar 1985, 2(2) p85-8 MJAmbulatory Care; Diabetes Mellitus /DT MNAcademic Medical Centers; Ambulatory Care /OG; Australia; Blood Glucose /AN; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus /DH; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated /AN; Insulin /TU; Patient Education; Pregnancy in Diabetes /TH; Pregnancy; Self Care; Telephone MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0265-5985 LAEnglish JCDIA SBM UI86003194 TIEffect of psychosocial factors on success in a program of self-glucose monitoring. ABWe examined prospectively the relationship of psychosocial factors to glycemic control in a program of self-glucose monitoring (SGM). Measured intelligence (IQ), educational level, and socioeconomic status (assessed by the Two-Factor Index of Social Position) were determined in 25 patients who were followed during 6 months of self-glucose monitoring. Personality categories, reflecting degrees of psychological disturbance, were assigned using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). None of the measured psychosocial variables correlated significantly with initial Hgb A1 values. In contrast, after 6 months of SGM, Hgb A1 levels correlated significantly with both socioeconomic status (r = 0.42, p less than 0.05) and educational levels (r = -0.42, p less than 0.05). Hemoglobin A1 levels also correlated significantly with the recorded frequency of SGM (r = -0.65, p less than 0.01), a measure of patient compliance. No significant correlation between IQ and Hgb A1 levels was seen, either initially or during follow-up. High A1 values differed significantly among groups classified by MMPI testing. Patients with severe psychological abnormalities had higher (p less than 0.05) mean Hgb A1 levels. We conclude that psychosocial factors, but not measured intelligence, have an important bearing on patient success in a program of SGM. AUGardner DF; Eastman BG; Mehl TD; Merimee TJ EM8601 IDAM 18130; RR 00082 SODiabetes Res (Scotland), Mar 1985, 2(2) p89-93 MJDiabetes Mellitus /TH; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Hemoglobinometry; Self Care /PX MNAdult; Blood Glucose /AN; Diabetes Mellitus /BL /CO; Hemoglobinometry /EC /IS /MT; Intelligence; Mental Disorders /BL /CO; Middle Age; Patient Compliance; Psychological Tests; Reagent Strips; Self Care /EC /MT; Socioeconomic Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN23031-25-6 (Terbutaline); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine); 9004-10-8 (Insulin); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0265-5985 LAEnglish JCDIA SBM UI86003195 TIGlucose tolerance and insulin and C-peptide responses after various insulin secretory stimuli in hyper- and hypothyroid subjects before and after treatment. ABImmunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C-peptide secretory responses to terbutaline, glucagon, glucose and a standardized meal during continuous blood glucose monitoring were investigated in hyper- and hypothyroid patients before and after treatment. The beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline (125 micrograms IV) induced prompt IRI and C-peptide responses in hyperthyroid patients. On the contrary, in the hypothyroid, no insulin or C-peptide responses were seen despite a slight enhancement of blood glucose concentrations. Thyroxine treatment of these patients improved the IRI and C-peptide responses and no blood glucose increment was then seen. Glucagon (250 micrograms IV) induced prominent IRI and C-peptide responses of similar magnitude in hyper- and hypothyroid patients before as well as after treatment. Before treatment, the blood glucose increment was greater in the hypothyroid patients than in the hyperthyroid but after treatment no difference between the 2 groups was seen. After a small load of glucose (6 g IV) no apparent difference in glucose tolerance was seen between hyper- and hypothyroid patients. However, the hyperthyroid patients had greater IRI and C-peptide responses to glucose than the hypothyroid but the differences diminished after treatment. Before treatment, hypothyroid patients had lower blood glucose response to a meal intake than hyperthyroid patients but no differences were seen between the 2 patient groups with regard to IRI- and C-peptide responses. After treatment, no differences between the 2 groups were seen with regard to blood glucose, IRI or C-peptide responses to the meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUAhren B ; Lundquist I; Hedner P; Valdemarsson S; Schersten B EM8601 SODiabetes Res (Scotland), Mar 1985, 2(2) p95-103 MJC-Peptide; Glucagon; Glucose; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Insulin; Terbutaline MNAdolescence; Adult; Blood Glucose /AN; Eating; Hyperthyroidism /DT /PP; Hypothyroidism /DT /PP; Iodine Radioisotopes /TU; Middle Age; Secretory Rate /DE; Thyroid Antagonists /TU; Thyroid Hormones /BL; Thyroxine /TU MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LAEnglish JCDIC SBM UI86003196 TISome anatomical variants and pitfalls in computed tomography of the trachea and mainstem bronchi. I. Mucoid pseudotumors. AB472 computed tomographic (CT) examinations in 448 patients were reviewed for mucoid pseudotumors. In 10 patients (2%), an intraluminal density was indirectly proven to be mucous material by negative bronchoscopy and/or repeat CT. Mucoid pseudotumors can easily be differentiated from CT artifacts and from intraluminal neoplasms with extraluminal extension. Differentiation from true intraluminal neoplasmata may be difficult. No definite diagnostic criteria can be proposed since there were no true intraluminal neoplasms present in this series. Nonetheless, several characteristic radiological features of mucoid pseudotumors are discussed. When a potential mucoid pseudotumor is found in a CT examination either the CT scans in question should be repeated after vigorous coughing or an intraluminal neoplasm should be excluded by bronchoscopy. Starting from the CT examination, in the case of bronchogenic carcinoma of the central airways, the intraluminal extent of the tumor might be overestimated due to mucous material proximal to the tumor. AUWestra D; Verbeeten B Jr EM8601 SODiagn Imag Clin Med (Switzerland), 1985, 54(5) p229-39 MJBronchial Neoplasms; Mucus; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Trachea MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Bronchi /AH; Child; Middle Age; Tracheal Neoplasms /RA MTFemale; Human; Male LAEnglish JCDIC SBM UI86003197 TIOccipital dural arteriovenous fistulas. ABOccipital dural arteriovenous fistulas are discussed with reference to three cases. Two patients presented classically with pulsatile tinnitus and another one with an occipitally located intracerebral haematoma. The importance of thorough bilateral angiographic investigation including both arterial and venous phases with subtraction is stressed. Embolization of the pathological territory of the external carotid artery is the primary method of treatment, sometimes combined with intraoperative embolization. In comparison, surgical approaches are extensive and do not offer guaranteed success, but could be necessary as an adjunct to embolization. AUvan Berkel JP; Matricali B; Batchelor DA EM8601 SODiagn Imag Clin Med (Switzerland), 1985, 54(5) p240-50 MJCerebral Arteriovenous Malformations; Occipital Lobe MNAdult; Aged; Cerebral Angiography; Dura Mater /BS; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male LAEnglish JCDIC SBM UI86003198 TIEsophagogastroplasty and its radiological approach. ABSixty-six patients with tumor of the distal esophagus and/or the gastric fundus were admitted for intrathoracic esophagogastroplasty. Surgical mortality was 6% (4 of 66 cases). There were 3 early and 7 late complications among the 62 remaining patients. The authors suggest that radiological examinations of patients after esophagogastroplasty should include an early examination on the 7th-10th day after surgery with water-soluble contrast medium for detection of early complications and double-contrast studies before dismissal, at later check-ups and whenever clinical symptoms of late complications are developing. AUGattoni F; Raiteri R; Baldini U; Pozzato C; Spagnoli I; Mazzoni R; Uslenghi C EM8601 SODiagn Imag Clin Med (Switzerland), 1985, 54(5) p251-6 MJAdenocarcinoma /SU; Esophageal Neoplasms /SU; Stomach Neoplasms /SU MNAdenocarcinoma /RA; Adult; Aged; Esophageal Neoplasms /RA; Esophagoplasty; Gastric Fundus /SU; Middle Age; Postoperative Care; Postoperative Complications /RA; Stomach Neoplasms /RA; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN7727-43-7 (Barium Sulfate) LAEnglish JCDIC SBM UI86003199 TIValue of radiology in the diagnosis of reflux esophagitis. ABIn a prospective investigation, a relatively low overall sensitivity of radiologic investigation for reflux esophagitis was found (62%). There was, however, a difference between the various stages: in grade I esophagitis the sensitivity was 50%, in grade II 71% and in grade IV 100%. The importance of observation of thickened folds for low-grade esophagitis is emphasized. In addition, the probability of reflux esophagitis in the absence of hiatus hernia was found to be low. In any patient referred for a barium meal attention should also be paid to the lower esophagus. AUDerksen OS; Booy AP; van de Borne H; Kho SN; van Rhijn TC EM8601 SODiagn Imag Clin Med (Switzerland), 1985, 54(5) p257-62 MJBarium Sulfate; Esophagitis, Peptic /RA MNAdult; Esophagitis, Peptic /ET; Hernia, Hiatal /CO /RA; Prospective Studies MTHuman LAEnglish JCDIC SBM UI86003200 TISalmonella typhi pneumonia without gastrointestinal manifestations. ABSalmonella typhi bacilli were isolated from the pleural aspirate and the blood culture of an 8-year-old girl who presented with clinical and roentgenographic alveolar pneumonia. There was no accompanying gastrointestinal manifestation. The literature on pneumonia in typhoid fever is briefly reviewed. AUOlutola PS; Familusi JB EM8601 SODiagn Imag Clin Med (Switzerland), 1985, 54(5) p263-7 MJBronchopneumonia /RA; Typhoid MNBronchopneumonia /ET; Child; Gastrointestinal Diseases /DI MTCase Report; Female; Human LAEnglish JCDIC SBM UI86003201 TIRetrosomatic cleft associated with an invisible lumbar pedicle. ABThe congenital nature of an invisible lumbar pedicle can easily be recognized by several associated characteristic features. This prevents confusion with other pedicular abnormalities or alterations caused by osteolytic metastases or erosion due to soft tissue tumours. A few variants of typical features are described. AUDijkstra HA EM8601 SODiagn Imag Clin Med (Switzerland), 1985, 54(5) p268-72 MJLumbar Vertebrae MNAdult; Lumbar Vertebrae /RA; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male LAEnglish JCDIC SBM UI86003202 TISome characteristics of local scintigraphic and radiologic patterns of Paget's disease of bone (osteitis deformans). AUVellenga CJ; Pauwels EK; Bijvoet OL EM8601 SODiagn Imag Clin Med (Switzerland), 1985, 54(5) p273-81 MJOsteitis Deformans MTHuman RNEC 3.1.- (Ribonucleases); 36015-30-2 (Propidium) IS0735-3111 LAEnglish JCDID SBM UI86003203 TIFlow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle with reference to B-cells. AUGlick B EM8601 ID1F33A106703 SODiagn Immunol (United States), 1985, 3(2) p57-61 MJB Lymphocytes; Cell Cycle; Flow Cytometry MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Lymphocyte Transformation; Propidium /DU; Ribonucleases /DU MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 745-62-0 (prostaglandin F1) IS0735-3111 LAEnglish JCDID SBM UI86003204 TISpontaneous rosette-forming lymphocyte sensitivity to prostaglandins in patients with cervical carcinoma after surgery. ABWe have reported a marked decrease of lymphocyte sensitivity to prostaglandins (PGs) in patients with untreated cervical carcinoma and other solid neoplasias. Particularly, Ea and ME rosette formation was inhibited only slightly by PGs in all cancer patients studied, as compared with the high inhibition values observed in normal individuals (Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 1981). In the present work, the PG-induced inhibition of Ea and ME rosette formation has been studied in patients with stage 0 cervical carcinoma up to 180 days after hysterectomy. It has been found that in these patients the PG sensitivity increased gradually up to or higher than the levels seen in normal control subjects. However, the PG sensitivity of Ea is restored earlier after surgery, while ME show a delayed recovery. Since the PG sensitivities correlate well with the clinical status of patients, it is suggested that such sensitivity may represent a useful test for following patients with cervical carcinoma. AUVenza Teti D; Misefari A; Sofo V; La Via MF EM8601 SODiagn Immunol (United States), 1985, 3(2) p62-6 MJCarcinoma; Cervix Neoplasms; Lymphocytes /IM; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Rosette Formation MNCarcinoma /SU; Cervix Neoplasms /SU; Hysterectomy; Lymphocytes /CY /DE; Mice; Sheep; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Human IS0735-3111 LAEnglish JCDID SBM UI86003205 TIRestricted effector cell function in ADCC. ABHuman effector cell function in ADCC reactions was studied as a result of observations showing discrepant ADCC reactivities among different effector cell populations. Effector cells prepared from ten blood donors were tested individually and as a pool against a battery of nine antisera-target cell combinations in an 11-x-9 matrix. The results identified individuals with weak, intermediate, and strong effector cell functions; however, there was a wide range of ADCC reactivity by each person's effector cells against the nine targets. No single antibody-target cell combination was consistently subjected to the least kill or greatest kill by the different effector cell preparations. Pooled effector cell responses were found to be weaker than expected. There was no relationship of age or sex with effector cell function, but a trend was noted for strong and weak reactions to be associated with HLA-DR7 and DR1, respectively. Neither the sharing of HLA antigens between effector and target cells nor self ADCC reactivity could account for the variations in effector cell function. Exploratory principal components factor analysis suggested that recognition of antibody-target cell combinations by effector cells was represented by three major groupings. These data collectively indicate the existence of an allorestrictive Fc receptor recognition step in ADCC responses. AUMcConnachie PR; Lower F; McIntyre JA EM8601 SODiagn Immunol (United States), 1985, 3(2) p67-74 MJAntibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; Lymphocytes MNAdult; Age Factors; HLA Antigens /AN; Receptors, Fc /IM; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0735-3111 LAEnglish JCDID SBM UI86003207 TIMagnetic albumin/protein A immunomicrospheres. II. Specificity, reproducibility, and resolution of the magnetic cell separation technique. ABMagnetically responsive albumin/protein A immunomicrospheres (MIMS) were prepared by reacting a mixture of albumin, iron oxide, and protein A in a two-phase emulsion coagulation procedure. The protein A ligand permits strong affinity binding of the monoclonal anti-HLA BW6 antibody to the 500-nm MIMS in a one-step process. HLA BW6+ and BW4+ human peripheral blood lymphocytes and mixtures of both were incubated with these MIMS. The findings obtained after only one run in a magnetic field were as follows: depletion of 98.6 +/- 0.9% of the target cells when 2 mg MIMS/10(6) cells were used, unspecific trapping of 5.9 +/- 2.5% of the nontarget cells from cell mixtures, and effective separation of cell populations as small as 1-0.1%. Thus, using albumin/protein A MIMS, the magnetic cell separation technique is simple, rapid, and highly sensitive. AUKandzia J; Scholz W; Anderson MJ; Muller-Ruchholtz W EM8601 SODiagn Immunol (United States), 1985, 3(2) p83-8 MJCell Separation; Lymphocytes; Magnetics; Staphylococcal Protein A MNAlbumins /DU; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; HLA Antigens /AN MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0735-3111 LAEnglish JCDID SBM UI86003208 TIAntigen-specific immunostimulation of amino acid transport: proposed method for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle. ABPreliminary data on a novel method for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (TB) has been presented. This method is based on increased amino acid transport in specifically stimulated lymphocyte cultures. Lymphocytes isolated from TB-infected or -sensitized cattle and cultured with the TB antigen PPD-B had noticeably enhanced amino acid transport after 1-3 days. Transport continued to increase for up to 5 days of culture with the antigen. PPD-B did not stimulate transport in lymphocytes from nonsensitized animals. The new method correlated well with the tuberculin skin test and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation measured by flow cytometry. AUTate EH; Cram LS EM8601 IDRR01315 SODiagn Immunol (United States), 1985, 3(2) p89-96 MJAmino Acids; Lymphocytes /ME; Tuberculosis, Bovine MNBiological Transport; Cattle; Flow Cytometry; Lymphocyte Transformation; Lymphocytes /IM; Tuberculin /IM; Tuberculosis, Bovine /IM MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-22-4 (Silver) IS0735-3111 LAEnglish JCDID SBM UI86003209 TIComparison of detection of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G bands in cerebrospinal fluid specimens by Coomassie blue and silver stains. ABCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 45 clinically definite MS patients were studied for the presence of oligoclonal IgG bands by sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The protein bands were identified by Coomassie blue (CB) dye and silver staining. Thirteen patients showed no bands in their CSF by the CB method. Nine of these 13 patients showed presence of bands by silver staining alone. Thirty-two patients showed more than two bands in their CSF by either technique, and 28 of the 32 patients showed from one to five additional bands by silver staining compared to Coomassie blue staining. The silver staining method was thus more sensitive in identification of oligoclonal bands in CSF. AUChu AB; Nerurkar L; Arthur D; Namba M; Monzon ML; Sever JL EM8601 SODiagn Immunol (United States), 1985, 3(2) p97-8 MJIgG MNClone Cells /IM; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel /MT; Silver /DU; Stains and Staining MTHuman IS0735-3111 LAEnglish JCDID SBM UI86003210 TIDetection of human pancreatic adenocarcinomas by histochemical staining with monoclonal antibody AR1-28. ABHybridoma AR1-28 [Chin and Miller, Cancer Res 45:1723-1729, 1985] was produced using splenocytes from BALB/c mice which had been immunized with human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line RWP-1 [Dexter et al, Cancer Res 42:2705-2714, 1982]. This antibody cross reacted with the RWP-2 cell line. AR1-28, an IgG1 antibody, stained the membranes of five (RWP-1, RWP-2, BxPC-3, HPAF-2, and T3M4) out of ten human pancreatic tumor cell lines by immunofluorescence techniques. Electron microscopy on RWP-2 cells, stained by indirect immunoperoxidase, confirmed a membrane location for the AR1-28 antigen. Twenty-three of the 27 clinical specimens (83%) of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pancreatic cancers tested were positive. Varying intensities of staining were observed and were related to the degree of differentiation achieved by the tumor: poorly differentiated tumors showing the least staining while well-differentiated tumors showed the greatest intensity of staining in a predominantly apical location. Immunoblotting showed that AR1-28 reacts with a 200,000-dalton antigen present in extracts of RWP-1 and RWP-2 cells. This monoclonal antibody may be useful in the classification of pancreatic tumor cells. AUChin J; Miller F; Lane BP EM8601 ID4311373 SODiagn Immunol (United States), 1985, 3(2) p99-105 MJAdenocarcinoma /IM; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Pancreatic Neoplasms /IM MNAdenocarcinoma /DI; Cell Membrane /IM; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Immunoenzyme Technics; Microscopy, Electron; Molecular Weight; Pancreatic Neoplasms /DI MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-9279 LAEnglish JCDIX UI86003211 TIPresidential address. Responding to the challenge. AUSchwartz BD EM8601 SOClin Res (United States), Sep 1985, 33(3) p367-73 MJResearch MNNational Institutes of Health (U.S.); United States RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 67763-96-6 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor I) IS0009-9279 LAEnglish JCDIX UI86003212 TIGrowth regulation of human breast cancer. AULippman ME EM8601 SOClin Res (United States), Sep 1985, 33(3) p375-82 MJBreast Neoplasms /PP; Estrogens; Growth Substances MNBreast Neoplasms /FG; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Clone Cells; DNA, Neoplasm /GE; Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone /PH; Estradiol /PH; Gene Expression Regulation; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I /PH; Mice, Nude; Mice; Phenotype; Rats; Transcription, Genetic MCReview MTAnimal; Female; Human; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-9279 LAEnglish JCDIX UI86003213 TIPlatelet associated IgG--an overview. AUKelton JG EM8601 SOClin Res (United States), Sep 1985, 33(3) p383-7 MJBlood Platelets; IgG MNBlood Platelets /ME; Coombs' Test; IgG /ME; Immunoassay; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic /IM; Thrombocytopenia /IM MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN86903-70-0 (Natriuretic Peptides, Atrial) IS0009-9279 LAEnglish JCDIX UI86003214 TIAtriopeptins: volume regulatory hormones. AUCole BR; Needleman P EM8601 SOClin Res (United States), Sep 1985, 33(3) p389-94 MJNatriuretic Peptides, Atrial /PD MNAdrenal Cortex /DE; Amino Acid Sequence; Autoradiography; Brain /IM; Chickens; Diuretics /PD; Dogs; Endocrine Glands /PH; Glomerular Filtration Rate /DE; Homeostasis /DE; Kidney /PH; Natriuretic Peptides, Atrial /BI /BL /IP; Perfusion; Rabbits; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship MCReview MTAnimal; Human RNEC 2.7.1.37 (Protein Kinases); EC 3.6.1.- (GTP Phosphohydrolase); EC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol); 86-01-1 (Guanosine Triphosphate) IS0009-9279 LAEnglish JCDIX UI86003215 TIAdrenergic receptors: molecular mechanisms of clinically relevant regulation. AULefkowitz RJ; Caron MG EM8601 IDHL16037; NS 19576 SOClin Res (United States), Sep 1985, 33(3) p395-406 MJReceptors, Adrenergic MNAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /PH; Adenyl Cyclase /ME; Chromatography, Affinity; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Ducks; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; GTP Phosphohydrolase /ME; Guanine Nucleotide Regulatory Protein /ME; Guanosine Triphosphate /ME; Guinea Pigs; Hamsters; Isoproterenol /PD; Lung /UL; Phosphorylation; Protein Kinases /ME; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /PH; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta /PH; Turkeys; Xenopus laevis MCReview MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-9279 LAEnglish JCDIX UI86003216 TIInformed consent for research publication of patient-related data [letter] AUPinsky L EM8601 SOClin Res (United States), Sep 1985, 33(3) p416 MJInformed Consent MNPublishing; Research MTHuman RN50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0143-5221 LAEnglish JCDIZ SBM UI86003217 TIChronobiology: its importance in clinical medicine. AUMinors DS EM8601 SOClin Sci (England), Oct 1985, 69(4) p369-76 MJChronobiology MNAirway Resistance; Anti-Inflammatory Agents /AD; Antineoplastic Agents /AD; Asthma /PP; Biological Clocks; Bipolar Disorder /PP; Circadian Rhythm; Hemostasis; Hydrocortisone /BL; Hypertension /DT; Immunosuppressive Agents /AD; Insomnia /PP; Neoplasms /DI; Precancerous Conditions /DI; Rats; Steroids /AD; Verapamil /TU MCReview MTAnimal; Female; Human RN10024-97-2 (Nitrous Oxide) IS0143-5221 LAEnglish JCDIZ SBM UI86003218 TIValidation of a Doppler technique for beat-to-beat measurement of cardiac output. ABWe have measured aortic flow in the ascending aorta in man with a Bach-Simpson BVM 202 blood velocity meter, and aortic root diameter by M-mode echocardiography, and thus derived beat-to-beat cardiac output (Q). We tested the technique in 21 patients (53 comparisons) with various cardiovascular problems against a thermodilution method, and in four normal subjects at rest and two levels of exercise (50 and 100 W) against a nitrous oxide rebreathing method. We obtained excellent overall correlation in a range of 0.5-10 litres/min (r = 0.98, n = 77, sy,x = 0.48 litre/min), the formula for the least squares regression being: (Q Doppler) = 0.95 (Q Thermodilution/N2O) + 0.11 litre/min. The Doppler signal is sufficiently noise-free to obtain maximum acceleration of flow from the first derivative of velocity. AUMehta N; Iyawe VI; Cummin AR; Bayley S; Saunders KB; Bennett ED EM8601 SOClin Sci (England), Oct 1985, 69(4) p377-82 MJCardiac Output MNAdult; Aorta; Blood Flow Velocity; Cardiovascular Diseases /PP; Electrocardiography; Exertion; Nitrous Oxide; Thermodilution; Ultrasonics MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN11096-37-0 (Transferrin) IS0143-5221 LAEnglish JCDIZ SBM UI86003220 TIA circadian rhythm of proteinuria in patients with a nephrotic syndrome. ABCircadian variations in proteinuria were studied in 17 patients with different types of glomerulopathies. During 3-4 successive days urine was collected over periods of 3 h under standardized conditions. Thirteen of the 17 patients showed a circadian rhythm of their proteinuria with a maximum excretion in daytime around 16.00 hours and a minimum excretion at night around 03.00 hours. In the majority of patients the urinary excretory rhythms of albumin, transferrin and immunoglobulin G were 'in phase' with each other and with the circadian rhythm of total protein excretion. Nine patients had a larger degree of rhythmicity for immunoglobulin G than for transferrin excretion. In eight of them a circadian rhythm of the selectivity index of proteinuria was seen with the lowest index at night. No relation was observed between the circadian rhythm of proteinuria and the type of glomerulopathy. AUKoopman MG; Krediet RT; Zuyderhoudt FJ; De Moor EA; Arisz L EM8601 SOClin Sci (England), Oct 1985, 69(4) p395-401 MJCircadian Rhythm; Nephrotic Syndrome /UR; Proteinuria /PP MNAdult; Aged; Albuminuria /PP; IgG /UR; Middle Age; Nephrotic Syndrome /CO; Proteinuria /CO; Transferrin /UR MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 58-82-2 (Bradykinin); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0143-5221 LAEnglish JCDIZ SBM UI86003221 TIEffect of bisphosphonates on prostaglandin synthesis by rat bone cells and mouse calvaria in culture. ABBisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of bone resorption and also inhibit prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis in bone cells. Therefore we have investigated whether a correlation exists between inhibition of bone resorption and inhibition of PGE2 formation. Initially, bisphosphonates were tested for their effect on the release of [14C]PGE2 from rat calvaria cells labelled with [14C]arachidonic acid and stimulated by bradykinin, thrombin and mechanical manipulation. The effect on [14C]-PGE2 synthesis was not correlated with the known inhibitory activity of bisphosphonates on bone resorption. Mouse calvaria were then treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) to induce PGE2 synthesis and bone resorption, with or without bisphosphonates. The bisphosphonates either decreased, had no effect or increased PGE2 production, but all inhibited the release of calcium. Finally, the bisphosphonates were given in vivo to mice before explantation of the calvaria. Some of the bisphosphonates decreased the production of PGE2, suggesting that these compounds may have such an effect in vivo. But again no relationship between the effect on PGE2 synthesis and bone resorption was found. Thus, these experiments show the inhibitory effect of bisphosphonates on bone resorption is unlikely to be explained only by their effect on PGE2 synthesis. AUOhya K; Yamada S; Felix R; Fleisch H EM8601 SOClin Sci (England), Oct 1985, 69(4) p403-11 MJBone and Bones; Diphosphonates; Prostaglandins E MNBone Resorption /DE; Bradykinin /PD; Calcium /ME; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Mice; Rats; Skull /ME; Thrombin /PD; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN11096-26-7 (Erythropoietin) IS0143-5221 LAEnglish JCDIZ SBM UI86003222 TISerum immunoreactive erythropoietin in hypoxic lung disease with and without polycythaemia. ABWe studied 20 patients with chronic airflow obstruction, 10 patients without polycythaemia and 10 patients with compensatory polycythaemia having respectively mean red cell mass 24.7 (SD 4.2) and 47.8 (SD 7.5) ml/kg, mean daytime PaO2 7.6 and 6.9 kPa, mean FEV1 0.85 and 0.821. Groups were matched for severity of daytime arterial hypoxaemia but nocturnal arterial oxygen desaturation was more severe in the patients with polycythaemia than in those without. We also studied six additional patients with chronic airflow obstruction and polycythaemia and 19 normal controls. Estimates of serum immunoreactive erythropoietin (siEp) in those without polycythaemia were 19 m-i.u./ml (geometric mean) with 95% confidence range 11-35 m-i.u./ml and stable during 3 months. In those with polycythaemia they were similar and consistent in five and, in the other five, higher on at least one occasion. There was no significant difference between siEp in daytime (12.00 hours to 16.00 hours) and morning (07.00 hours) samples but geometric mean estimates of erythropoietin in paired daytime and morning samples were higher and more variable in patients with polycythaemia than in those without. The geometric mean estimate of siEp in all patients with chronic airflow obstruction and polycythaemia was greater than in normal subjects but, despite secondary polycythaemia, siEp could be in the range for normal subjects. In the patients with polycythaemia we were unable to predict the finding of normal or elevated siEp. Changes in siEp after erythrapheresis (10-26% reduction in packed cell volume) were observed in the 10 patients with polycythaemia and in one without. One month after erythrapheresis, packed cell volume remained below and siEp was above initial pretreatment levels, implying an erythropoietin secretory response and that the development of secondary polycythaemia had induced a fall in siEp. AUWedzicha JA; Cotes PM; Empey DW; Newland AC; Royston JP; Tam RC EM8601 SOClin Sci (England), Oct 1985, 69(4) p413-22 MJErythropoietin; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Polycythemia MNAged; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins /AN; Lung Diseases, Obstructive /CO /IM; Middle Age; Polycythemia /CO /IM MTFemale; Human; Male RN3343-19-9 (dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 534-82-7 (Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol); 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl) IS0143-5221 LAEnglish JCDIZ SBM UI86003223 TIChanges in plasma free 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol and noradrenaline levels after acute alcohol administration. ABThe effects of alcohol (0.9 g/kg) compared with placebo (400 ml of orange juice) on plasma noradrenaline and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol levels, and on erect and supine blood pressures and heart rates, were studied in eight normal male volunteers. Alcohol caused a rise in noradrenaline levels that commenced approximately 30 min after drinking and lasted about 4 h. In contrast, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol levels fell immediately after alcohol administration and remained low for at least 6 h. Acute alcohol administration alters noradrenaline catabolism, and may have a dual effect of increasing noradrenaline release and decreasing noradrenaline clearance. Alcohol caused a transient rise in erect and supine blood pressures that preceded the rise in plasma noradrenaline. Thereafter erect blood pressures fell compared with control. This fall was associated with a progressive rise in both supine and erect rates, and reached a maximum several hours after the maximum levels of blood alcohol. The major effect of acute alcohol administration is to lower blood pressure and induce a reflex tachycardia. Changes in noradrenaline and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol levels did not readily explain changes in blood pressure or heart rate, suggesting that alcohol induced changes in noradrenaline metabolism occur largely independent of changes in blood pressure and heart rate. AUHowes LG; Reid JL EM8601 SOClin Sci (England), Oct 1985, 69(4) p423-8 MJAlcohol, Ethyl; Glycols; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol /BL; Norepinephrine MNAdult; Blood Pressure /DE; Heart Rate /DE; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol /AA; Posture; Time Factors MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0143-5221 LAEnglish JCDIZ SBM UI86003224 TIA technique for the measurement of orthophosphate in human erythrocytes, and some studies of its determinants. ABA technique is described for the determination of orthophosphate (Pi) in human erythrocytes. The advantages of the technique are that it uses whole blood rather than separated erythrocytes, that it avoids major hydrolysis of organic phosphates, that it takes account of incomplete recovery of Pi and that it minimizes the effects of chilling the cells. In chilled samples from 46 patients in an intensive care unit, the cellular concentration of Pi was proportional to that in plasma. Blood samples from nine normal subjects were incubated at 37 degrees C. The cellular Pi was 0.79 mmol/litre of cells using an external standardization and 0.67 using an internal standardization. When the same cell samples were chilled on ice for 30 min, the internally standardized value decreased further to 0.57 mmol/litre of cells. These results suggest that differences in recovery, and the extent of chilling, contribute to the variability in the previously reported values for erythrocyte Pi. If Pi, like chloride, had distributed passively between cells and plasma in these samples, the cell to plasma molar concentration ratio for Pi should have been 0.29, compared with the measured value of 0.64. This difference suggests that some factor, in addition to passive diffusion, determined the distribution of Pi. AUChalla A; Bevington A; Angier CM; Asbury AJ; Preston CJ; Russell RG EM8601 SOClin Sci (England), Oct 1985, 69(4) p429-34 MJErythrocytes; Phosphates MNCold; Hematocrit; Methods MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN138-81-8 (2,3-diphosphoglycerate); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate) IS0143-5221 LAEnglish JCDIZ SBM UI86003225 TIPhosphate metabolism in erythrocytes of critically ill patients. ABOrthophosphate (Pi), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) were measured in the erythrocytes of patients in an intensive care unit. The patients' plasma concentration of Pi varied from 0.1 to 4.2 mmol/l, and the corresponding concentration in erythrocytes varied from 0.1 to 2.0 mmol/litre of cells. Marked ATP depletion (less than 1 mmol/litre of cells) was only observed when erythrocyte Pi was less than 0.3 mmol/litre of cells and plasma Pi was less than 0.35 mmol/l. No dependence of 2,3-DPG concentration on the cellular concentration of Pi was detected. The phosphorylation potential [ATP]/([ADP] X [Pi]) varied inversely with the erythrocyte concentration of Pi. Hence the calculated free energy of hydrolysis of ATP in the cell increased from -58 kJ/mol in the most hypophosphataemic samples to -51 kJ/mol in the most hyperphosphataemic. Such changes may adversely affect cell function by altering the steady state mass-action ratios of ATPase reactions. When erythrocytes from normal donors were incubated in solutions containing 1 or 5 mmol/l Pi, the cellular concentrations of Pi stabilized at 1.09 and 2.85 mmol/litre of cells respectively. The corresponding rates of lactate production were 2.09 and 3.11 mmol h-1 litre-1 of cells. In spite of this stimulation of glycolysis (and hence of the flux through ATP synthesizing steps of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway), no significant change in ATP concentration was observed. As in the patients' cells, this indicates that, when extracellular Pi concentrations are perturbed, the concentrations, in erythrocytes, of organic phosphates are more closely regulated than the concentration of Pi. AUBevington A; Asbury AJ; Preston CJ; Russell RG EM8601 SOClin Sci (England), Oct 1985, 69(4) p435-40 MJCritical Care; Erythrocytes; Phosphates MNAdenosine Diphosphate /BL; Adenosine Triphosphate /BL; Diphosphoglyceric Acids /BL; Lactates /BL; Phosphorylation MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.3.41 (Nitrophenyl Phosphatase); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-64-9 (Dextroamphetamine); 60106-89-0 (Dihydroalprenolol); 630-60-4 (Ouabain); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0143-5221 LAEnglish JCDIZ SBM UI86003226 TI(Na+, K+)-ATPase regulation and NaCl intake: effects on circulating inhibitor and sensitivity to noradrenaline. ABThese experiments examined the effects of a high NaCl diet on (Na+,K+)-ATPase in kidney, heart and cerebral cortex, on the level of circulating inhibitor of (Na+,K+)-ATPase in plasma, and on stimulation of (Na+,K+)-ATPase by treatment with dextro (d)-amphetamine. High salt diet increased indices of (Na+,K+)-ATPase activity (K+-activated p-nitrophenyl-phosphatase activity and ouabain binding) in kidney medulla, prevented stimulation by amphetamine in cerebral cortex and reduced amphetamine stimulation in heart. High NaCl feeding increased the plasma level of circulating inhibitor of (Na+,K+)-ATPase. Amphetamine alone had no effect on inhibitor level but amphetamine administration reduced the increase in inhibitor with high NaCl feeding. AUSwann AC EM8601 IDMH37141; MH00415 SOClin Sci (England), Oct 1985, 69(4) p441-7 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /ME; Norepinephrine; Sodium Chloride MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /AI; Brain /ME; Dextroamphetamine /PD; Diet; Dihydroalprenolol /ME; Kidney /ME; Myocardium /ME; Nitrophenyl Phosphatase /ME; Ouabain /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN60-27-5 (Creatinine); 6898-94-8 (Alanine) IS0143-5221 LAEnglish JCDIZ SBM UI86003227 TITwenty-four hour hormonal and metabolic profiles in uraemic patients before and during treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. ABCirculating intermediary metabolite and hormone concentrations were measured at intervals over 24 h in five uraemic patients before starting dialysis and after 3 months' treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and in 13 non-uraemic normal controls. Fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations were significantly raised in uraemic patients undialysed and on CAPD but 24 h mean (+/- SEM) levels fell from 6.63 +/- 0.40 to 6.00 +/- 0.26 mmol/l (P less than 0.02) after 3 months' dialysis despite peritoneal glucose absorption. Insulin levels were raised in uraemic patients but were unchanged by CAPD. Uraemia was associated with raised levels of the gluconeogenic precursors lactate and alanine and a further rise in fasting and 24 h mean alanine concentrations occurred with CAPD. Fasting total ketone body concentrations were raised in undialysed uraemic patients but concentrations were suppressed throughout the 24 h in CAPD subjects. Fasting triglyceride concentrations were increased in uraemic subjects and mean 24 h levels rose by 30% from 1.55 +/- 0.42 mmol/l before dialysis to 2.02 +/- 0.59 mmol/l during CAPD. Non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were low in uraemic patients and remained low during CAPD. Undialysed and dialysed uraemic patients displayed raised plasma glucagon concentrations throughout the 24 h, suppression of the normal nocturnal secretion of growth hormone and raised mean cortisol levels, which were 23% (CAPD) to 57% (undialysed) higher than in normal controls. The endocrine and metabolic abnormalities of uraemia are not fully corrected by CAPD. Many of the additional changes observed during CAPD reflect an adaptation to the constant absorption of peritoneal glucose. AUHeaton A; Johnston DG; Haigh JW; Ward MK; Alberti KG; Kerr DN EM8601 SOClin Sci (England), Oct 1985, 69(4) p449-57 MJPeritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Uremia MNAdult; Alanine /BL; Blood Glucose /ME; Creatinine /BL; Fasting; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified /BL; Ketone Bodies /BL; Lactates /BL; Middle Age; Pyruvates /BL; Time Factors; Triglycerides /BL; Uremia /TH MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN22232-54-8 (Carbimazole); 42200-33-9 (nadolol); 6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0143-5221 LAEnglish JCDIZ SBM UI86003228 TITremor: an alternative approach for investigating adrenergic mechanisms in thyrotoxicosis? ABThe effects of nadolol (or placebo) and carbimazole on thyrotoxic tremor were investigated in 18 thyrotoxic patients. Both nadolol and carbimazole produced significant reductions in tremor power although nadolol did not cause any change in serum free tri-iodothyronine and free thyroxine concentrations. The results are discussed in terms of the pathogenesis of thyrotoxic tremor and the potential usefulness of tremor in the investigation of adrenergic mechanisms in thyrotoxicosis. AUAbila B; Lazarus JH; Kingswood JC; Marshall RW; Wilson JF; Richens A EM8601 SOClin Sci (England), Oct 1985, 69(4) p459-63 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Carbimazole; Hyperthyroidism; Propanolamines; Tremor /DT MNAdult; Clinical Trials; Hyperthyroidism /ME; Middle Age; Random Allocation; Thyroxine /ME; Tremor /CO /ME; Triiodothyronine /ME MTFemale; Human; Male IS0143-5221 LAEnglish JCDIZ SBM UI86003229 TIEffects of age on body temperature and blood pressure in cold environments. ABMean deep body temperature fell by 0.4 +/- 0.1 (SD) degrees C in five sedentary, clothed 63-70 year old men and by 0.1 +/- 0.1 degrees C in four young adults after 2 h exposure in still air at 6 degrees C (P less than 0.001). The mean increase in systolic and diastolic pressure was significantly greater (P less than 0.002) in the older subjects (24 +/- 4 mmHg systolic, 13 +/- 4 mmHg diastolic) than in the young (14 +/- 6 mmHg systolic, 7 +/- 3 mmHg diastolic) after 2 h at 6 degrees C. A small rise in blood pressure occurred in the older men at 12 degrees C, but there was no increase in either group at 15 degrees C. The association of variables is particularly marked between systolic blood pressure and core temperature changes at 6 degrees C. There were no appreciable cold-adaptive changes in blood pressure or thermoregulatory responses after 7-10 days repeated exposure to 6 degrees C for 4 h each day. Blood pressure elevation in the cold was slower but more marked in the older men. These changes in blood pressure may provide a possible basis for delineating low domestic limiting temperature conditions. AUCollins KJ; Easton JC; Belfield-Smith H; Exton-Smith AN; Pluck RA EM8601 SOClin Sci (England), Oct 1985, 69(4) p465-70 MJAging; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Cold MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Heart Rate; Middle Age; Skin Temperature MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.- (Plasminogen Activators); 0 (factor VIII clotting antigen); 0 (factor VIII related antigen); 1404-55-3 (Ristocetin) IS0143-5221 LAEnglish JCDIZ SBM UI86003230 TIEffects of physiological concentrations of vasopressin on haemostatic function in man. ABPlasma concentrations of vasopressin (aVP) attained under conditions of stress were simulated by infusing four volunteers with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 pressor units of aVP over 1 h (units/h). Three subjects had all four infusions and one received only 1.0 unit/h. Blood samples were taken for assay of factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIIIC), factor VIII related antigen (FVIIIRAg), the ristocetin cofactor (FVIIIRiCof), euglobulin lysis time (ELT) and aVP concentrations before infusion (time 0) and every 20 min for 80 min. Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) generation time was measured at time 0, 60 and 80 min. At infusion rates of 0.25 unit/h median aVP levels peaked at 6.5 pg/ml and there was no change in FVIII or FPA generation time, and plasminogen activator activity (10(6)/ELT2) rose from 100 to 400 units. At 1.0 unit/h, aVP levels rose to 25.4 pg/ml, FVIIIC rose by 160% and activator activity from 87 to 360 units. At 2.0 units/h, aVP concentrations reached 83 pg/ml, there was an increase in all modalities of FVIII and activator activity rose from 251 to 452 units. FPA generation time shortened and circulating plasma levels of FPA were increased. There was a highly significant correlation between the percentage increases in all three components of FVIII and plasma aVP levels (FVIIIC: r = 0.87, P less than 0.0001; FVIIIRAg: r = 0.61, P less than 0.0001; FVIIIRiCof: r = 0.80, P less than 0.0001) and between the increase in plasminogen activator activity and aVP levels (r = 0.56, P less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUGrant PJ; Davies JA; Tate GM; Boothby M; Prentice CR EM8601 SOClin Sci (England), Oct 1985, 69(4) p471-6 MJHemostasis; Vasopressins /PD MNAntigens /ME; Factor VIII /IM /ME; Fibrinopeptides A /BL; Plasminogen Activators /BL; Ristocetin /BL; Time Factors; Vasopressins /BL MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0143-5221 LAEnglish JCDIZ SBM UI86003231 TIAbnormal vascular function and morphology in pre-eclampsia: a study of isolated resistance vessels. ABIn order to obtain direct information about vascular changes associated with pre-eclampsia, the morphological and functional characteristics of isolated omental resistance vessels from 11 women with pre-eclampsia, 10 normotensive pregnant women and eight normotensive non-pregnant women were determined. In vessels from the women with pre-eclampsia, the ratio of media thickness to lumen diameter was increased, compared with that in vessels from the other two groups. The vessels from the women with pre-eclampsia had an increased responsiveness to angiotensin II and a decreased rate of relaxation, but only when compared with the vessels from the normotensive pregnant women. However, no difference in responsiveness to noradrenaline was found between any of the groups. The angiotensin II responsiveness of the vessels from the women with pre-eclampsia and from the non-pregnant women were similar, suggesting that pre-eclampsia is associated with an absence of the change in vascular function which normally occurs during pregnancy. The study provides direct evidence for an involvement of vascular abnormalities in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. AUAalkjaer C; Danielsen H; Johannesen P; Pedersen EB; Rasmussen A; Mulvany MJ EM8601 SOClin Sci (England), Oct 1985, 69(4) p477-82 MJPre-Eclampsia; Vascular Resistance MNAdult; Angiotensin II /PD; Arteries /PA; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /DE; Norepinephrine /PD; Omentum /BS; Pregnancy; Vascular Resistance /DE MTFemale; Human; In Vitro RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0143-5221 LAEnglish JCDIZ SBM UI86003232 TIBeta-adrenoceptor responsiveness and plasma catecholamines as determinants of cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress. ABTwenty-five normotensive men were subjected to two periods of mental stress involving a cognitive task and a competitive electronic game. Plasma catecholamines, heart rate and blood pressure were measured before and during mental stress. Responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation was also determined in each subject by measurement of heart rate responses to bolus injections of isoprenaline. Both periods of mental stress were associated with significant increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate and plasma adrenaline, but not plasma noradrenaline. Heart rate responses to mental stress varied widely, with increases ranging from 1 to 48 (mean +/- SD 13.5 +/- 10.6) beats/min for the cognitive task and from 2 to 49 (20.4 +/- 14.0) beats/min for the electronic game. Systolic blood pressure responses also varied widely and showed significant positive correlations with heart rate responses. Significant relationships were found between heart rate responses to both forms of mental stress and cardiac sensitivity to isoprenaline, subjects with low responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation tending to have smaller heart rate responses to mental stress than subjects with high responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. Relationships were also found between plasma adrenaline responses and heart rate responses to mental stress, although these did not reach significance. Considerably improved relationships were found when heart rate responses were correlated with a single variable generated from the product of the adrenaline response and the inverse of the dose of isoprenaline required to raise heart rate by 25 beats/min. It is concluded that wide variation is shown between different individuals in responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation and that this is an important factor in the variability between individuals in heart rate and systolic blood pressure responses to mental stress. Both catecholamines and adrenoceptor-mediated responses to catecholamines should be examined when determining the physiological basis for differences in cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress between individuals or groups. AUEisenhofer G; Lambie DG; Johnson RH EM8601 SOClin Sci (England), Oct 1985, 69(4) p483-92 MJEpinephrine; Heart Rate; Isoproterenol; Norepinephrine; Stress, Psychological /PP MNAdult; Blood Pressure /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Stress, Psychological /BL MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 7732-18-5 (Water) IS0143-5221 LAEnglish JCDIZ SBM UI86003233 TIUrinary prostaglandin E and antidiuretic hormone during water immersion in man. ABIn 10 normal subjects water immersion to the neck at 35 degrees C produced a highly significant natriuresis and diuresis. Urinary prostaglandin E levels did not change significantly throughout immersion. During the diuresis of water immersion a suppression of urinary antidiuretic hormone occurred. AUO'Hare JP; Watson M; Penney MD; Hampton D; Roland JM; Corrall RJ EM8601 SOClin Sci (England), Oct 1985, 69(4) p493-6 MJImmersion; Prostaglandins E; Vasopressins MNAdult; Diuresis; Middle Age; Natriuresis; Renin /BL; Water MTFemale; Human; Male IS0143-0815 LAEnglish JCDKB SBM UI86003234 TIA new approach to non-invasive quantitative study of hepatic haemodynamics using radiocolloids in vivo. ABA non-invasive radioisotopic method for the study of liver haemodynamics is described. Data collected by means of a computerised gamma camera for about 4 min after intravenous administration of 99Tcm human serum albumin colloids were analysed using a new mathematical model formulated on a physiopathological basis. Several quantities of possible clinical interest were determined, namely parameters related to liver blood flows, intrahepatic shunts, the intrahepatic space of distribution of the tracer, transit times and extraction efficiency. Results are not affected, within certain limits, by the shape of the radioactive bolus and, with the exception of extraction efficiency, they appear to be independent of the size of the radiocolloidal particle. The dose employed (3-4 mCi) is comparable with that used in liver scintigraphy. Results in 19 subjects with normal liver function, 45 patients with liver cirrhosis and 7 patients with focal liver lesions were in good agreement, from a quantitative viewpoint, with known physiopathological data, thus validating this method in comparison with other more traumatic and/or less practical techniques, which provide less complete information on liver haemodynamics. The method proposed appears to be sufficiently accurate, reproducible, safe and practical, and may thus be considered suitable for routine use in the assessment of functional aspects of liver perfusion for clinical purposes. AUMagrini A; Izzo G; Guerrisi M; Favella A; Picardi R; Valeri L; Cortesini R EM8601 SOClin Phys Physiol Meas (England), Aug 1985, 6(3) p179-204 MJLiver Circulation; Liver /RI MNCysts /RI; Liver Cirrhosis /RI; Liver Diseases /RI; Liver Neoplasms /RI; Liver /BS; Models, Biological; Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin /DU MTHuman IS0143-0815 LAEnglish JCDKB SBM UI86003235 TIEffects of changes in heart rate and atrial filling pressure on the performance characteristics of isolated perfused pumping rat hearts. ABBiomechanical indices of left ventricular performance were measured and computed by an on-line minicomputer in 13 isolated perfused working rat hearts subjected to a regimen of left atrial filling pressures and heart rates, to determine perfusion conditions for optimum heart work. We found that maximum values of most of the indices are achieved at a left atrial filling pressure of 20 to 25 cm H2O and a heart rate of 330 to 360 beats/min. Most of the performance indices when considered as functions of left atrial filling pressure display Starling-type behaviour: they rise with increasing left atrial pressure, reach a maximum at 20 to 25 cm H2O, and decline with further increases in left atrial pressure. Values for left ventricular (dP/dt)max, between 6000 to 8000 mm Hg s-1, and -(dP/dt)min, between 4000 to 6000 mm Hg s-1, are considerably higher than values previously reported. We believe this to be due to improved sampling techniques. AUvan der Werff TJ; Noakes TD; Douglas RJ EM8601 SOClin Phys Physiol Meas (England), Aug 1985, 6(3) p205-19 MJHeart Rate; Heart; Myocardial Contraction MNBiomechanics; Cardiac Output; Heart Atrium /PH; Perfusion; Pressure; Rats; Stroke Volume; Transducers, Pressure MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN60-00-4 (EDTA); 77-92-9 (citric acid) IS0143-0815 LAEnglish JCDKB SBM UI86003236 TIThe routine measurement of platelet volume: a comparison of light-scattering and aperture-impedance technologies. ABThe effect of dipotassium ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) on platelet count and mean volume (MPV) was evaluated using two routine measurement systems, a Coulter S Plus (Phase 1) (S+) and a Technicon H6000 (H6000). In normal subjects (n = 29) MPV increased by 17% during 39 h storage in EDTA when measured by the S+. In contrast MPV decreased by 22% when measured by the H6000. MPV differences of up to 40% were observed between the two systems. Concomitant platelet counts, in both systems, changed by less than 4%. A mathematical model of the variation of MPV with storage time was constructed, enabling experimental results to be extrapolated, with accuracy, to time zero (MPV0). The H6000 average MPV0 was significantly larger than the S+ average MPV0. Using the anticoagulant sodium citrate and prostaglandin E1 (NaCitrate-PGE1) there were no significant changes in MPV measured by the S+ during 7 h storage, although a linear decrease in platelet count was observed. A decrease in H6000 MPV was observed whether the blood was stored in EDTA or NaCitrate-PGE1. Methodology, anti-coagulation and storage time all influence MPV. Until these determinants are standardised the clinical value of MPV cannot be assessed. AUTrowbridge EA; Reardon DM; Hutchinson D; Pickering C EM8601 SOClin Phys Physiol Meas (England), Aug 1985, 6(3) p221-38 MJBlood Platelets; Platelet Count; Platelet Function Tests MNCitrates /PD; EDTA /PD; Light; Models, Biological; Scattering, Radiation MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0143-0815 LAEnglish JCDKB SBM UI86003237 TIA new laser interferometer for the stimulation of pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials. ABA laser interferometer for visual-evoked-potential (VEP) stimulation that allows a rapid pattern reversal in less than 0.5 ms and a continuous variation of the spatial frequency of the pattern is described. The interferometer is applied for the assessment of objective visual acuity. The Fourier transform of the VEP response to the rapid pattern reversal shows an extremely small bandwidth. AUKusel R; Wesemann W; Rassow B EM8601 SOClin Phys Physiol Meas (England), Aug 1985, 6(3) p239-46 MJEvoked Potentials, Visual; Interferometry; Lasers MNFourier Analysis; Visual Acuity MTHuman RN7439-92-1 (Lead) IS0143-0815 LAEnglish JCDKB SBM UI86003238 TILead uptake in humans by whole-body counting of 203Pb: assessment of errors. AUJames HM; Hilburn ME; Blair JA EM8601 SOClin Phys Physiol Meas (England), Aug 1985, 6(3) p247-50 MJLead /ME; Radioisotopes MNAdult; Intestinal Absorption; Lead /DU; Whole Body Counting MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7439-90-9 (Krypton) IS0143-0815 LAEnglish JCDKB SBM UI86003239 TICalibration and measurement of the inhaled smoke volume in cigarette smoking. AUWoodman G; Newman SP; Pavia D; Clarke SW EM8601 SOClin Phys Physiol Meas (England), Aug 1985, 6(3) p251-5 MJKrypton; Radioisotopes; Smoking MNCalibration; Smoke MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0143-0815 LAEnglish JCDKB SBM UI86003240 TIA sound stimulator with electronic memory for testing infants' hearing. AUBygrave CJ; Stevens JC EM8601 SOClin Phys Physiol Meas (England), Aug 1985, 6(3) p257-60 MJAcoustic Stimulation; Hearing Tests MNInfant MTHuman IS0143-0815 LAEnglish JCDKB SBM UI86003241 TIThe claimed vasodilatory effect of a commercial permanent magnet foil: results of a double-blind trial. AUBarker AT; Cain MW EM8601 SOClin Phys Physiol Meas (England), Aug 1985, 6(3) p261-3 MJMagnetics; Skin Temperature; Vasodilation MNAdult; Double-Blind Method; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0143-0815 LAEnglish JCDKB SBM UI86003242 TIComment on ╥Photon scattering measurements of calcaneal bone density: results of in vivo longitudinal studies' [letter] AUMazess RB; Hanson JA EM8601 SOClin Phys Physiol Meas (England), Aug 1985, 6(3) p265-7 MJCalcaneus; Densitometry MNRadiation MTHuman RN59277-89-3 (Acyclovir) IS0278-2677 LAEnglish JCDKC SBM UI86003243 TIOral acyclovir pharmacokinetics [letter] AUFletcher C; Chinnock B EM8601 SOClin Pharm (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 4(4) p370, 372, 383 MJAcyclovir /ME MNAcyclovir /AD; Administration, Oral; Kinetics MTHuman RNEC 3.4.- (Streptokinase) IS0278-2677 LAEnglish JCDKC SBM UI86003244 TIHypersensitivity vasculitis associated with streptokinase [letter] AUThompson RF; Stratton MA; Heffron WA EM8601 SOClin Pharm (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 4(4) p383, 386 MJDermatitis Medicamentosa; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch; Streptokinase; Vasculitis, Allergic Cutaneous MNMiddle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male RNEC 3.1.1.3 (Lipase); 53608-75-6 (pancrelipase) IS0278-2677 LAEnglish JCDKC SBM UI86003245 TIChange in enzyme content and manufacturer of Viokase [letter] AUBerardi RR; Colvin CL EM8601 SOClin Pharm (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 4(4) p388 MJLipase; Pancreatic Extracts MNLipase /AN; Pancreatic Extracts /AN; Pancreatic Insufficiency /DT MTHuman RN13392-18-2 (Fenoterol); 30392-40-6 (bitolterol) IS0278-2677 LAEnglish JCDKC SBM UI86003246 TINew beta 2-adrenergic agonist aerosols. ABThe beta 2-adrenergic agonists are reviewed in terms of their dose-response characteristics, and two newer agents, fenoterol hydrobromide and bitolterol mesylate aerosols, are reviewed in relation to older agents. The fenoterol aerosol contains a more potent beta 2-adrenergic agonist dose per puff than the other aerosols but, when given in equipotent doses, offers no advantage over available agents. Bitolterol mesylate is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed to the active beta 2-adrenergic agonist colterol by lung esterases. Bitolterol demonstrates an improved bronchoselectivity in animals, but there are insufficient comparative data in humans. Tachycardia is the dose-limiting toxicity for all beta 2-adrenergic agonists. Currently available data do not suggest an important improvement in duration of action for the newer agents over terbutaline or albuterol. Aerosol administration improves bronchoselectivity of all the agents. Optimal use of beta 2-adrenergic agonist aerosols requires understanding of the variable dose-response characteristics. The type of delivery system and patient technique are important variables in determining the dose delivered. Tube-spacer devices attached to aerosol canisters can significantly improve delivery of the beta 2-adrenergic agonists to the lungs in patients unable to synchronize actuation and inspiration. They provide minimal to no improvement in patients who can perform the appropriate technique. Aerosol administration is the route of choice for beta 2-adrenergic agonists for prophylaxis of exercise-induced bronchospasm; albuterol and terbutaline provide a prolonged duration of action with excellent beta 2-adrenergic selectivity. Patients should be carefully instructed in the optimal use of metered-dose inhalers, and some patients may benefit from use of tube-spacers. AUKelly HW EM8601 SOClin Pharm (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 4(4) p393-403 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Agonists; Bronchodilator Agents MNAdrenergic Beta Receptor Agonists /AE /ME /PD; Aerosols; Asthma /DT /PP; Biological Availability; Bronchi /DE; Bronchodilator Agents /AE /ME /PD; Chemistry; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanolamines /ME /PD; Fenoterol /ME /PD; Forced Expiratory Volume; Kinetics; Respiratory Therapy /IS; Tachycardia /CI MCReview MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human RN20830-75-5 (Digoxin); 51481-61-9 (Cimetidine); 56-54-2 (Quinidine); 71-63-6 (Digitoxin); 9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0278-2677 LAEnglish JCDKC SBM UI86003247 TICurrent status of cardiac glycoside drug interactions. ABThe effects of concomitant drug therapy on the absorption, distribution, and elimination of digoxin and digitoxin are reviewed. A number of agents can increase or decrease the absorption of digoxin and digitoxin from the gastrointestinal tract by altering GI motility, binding the drugs through physical adsorption, altering the properties of the intestinal wall, or altering the bacterial flora of the intestine. The steady-state serum concentrations of digoxin and digitoxin can be affected if the changes in absorption are of sufficient magnitude, and adjustments in digoxin or digitoxin dosage may be required. A reduction in digoxin and digitoxin protein binding has occurred during concomitant administration of heparin and cardiac glycosides. Since digitoxin is more highly protein bound than digoxin, interactions that involve changes in protein binding are of much greater clinical importance with digitoxin. A number of drugs increase or decrease the elimination of digoxin and digitoxin, and subtherapeutic or toxic concentrations of the cardiac glycosides often result. Drugs that induce hepatic microsomal enzymes can increase the elimination of digitoxin, which is eliminated mainly by hepatic biotransformation. Digoxin is eliminated mainly by renal excretion; renal clearance of digoxin may be increased by vasodilators and thyroid hormones and decreased by quinidine, verapamil, amiodarone, and potassium-sparing diuretics. The clinical importance of changes in serum concentrations of the cardiac glycosides that result from alterations in glycoside elimination requires further study, as does the importance of preliminary reports of interactions between cardiac glycosides and diazepam, captopril, and combination therapy with quinidine-pentobarbital or quinidine-rifampin. Because the cardiac glycosides have a narrow therapeutic range, patients receiving concomitant therapy with agents that might affect the absorption, distribution, or elimination of the cardiac glycosides should be monitored carefully for symptoms of digitalis toxicity or undertreatment. AUHooymans PM; Merkus FW EM8601 SOClin Pharm (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 4(4) p404-13 MJCardiac Glycosides /PD; Drug Interactions MNAnti-Arrhythmia Agents /PD; Anti-Inflammatory Agents /PD; Calcium Channel Blockers /PD; Cardiac Glycosides /ME; Cimetidine /PD; Digitoxin /BL /ME /PD /UR; Digoxin /BL /ME /PD /UR; Diuretics /PD; Gastrointestinal Agents /PD; Heparin /PD; Intestinal Absorption; Quinidine /PD; Thyroid Antagonists /PD; Thyroid Hormones /PD; Vasodilator Agents /PD MCReview MTHuman RN7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride); 7727-43-7 (Barium Sulfate) IS0278-2677 LAEnglish JCDKC SBM UI86003248 TIWhole-bowel irrigation for mechanical colon cleansing. ABThe physiology, solution composition, indications, efficacy, and safety of whole-bowel irrigation (WBI) for mechanical bowel cleansing are reviewed. WBI with isotonic electrolyte solutions produces diarrhea when the infusion rate exceeds the capacity of the intestine to distend and absorb the solution. A number of solutions are used for WBI, including 0.9% sodium chloride, balanced electrolyte solutions, lactated Ringer's, mannitol, and electrolyte solutions containing polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG). WBI solution administration rates vary from 15-90 mL/min, by oral ingestion or nasogastric tube, with total volumes ranging from 1 to 20 L. The onset of diarrhea occurs as soon as 20 minutes with clearing of the effluent as early as 90 minutes. Faster administration rates appear to shorten overall cleansing time. Two PEG-electrolyte lavage solutions (ELSs) have recently gained FDA approval. The recommended dosage rate is 1.2-1.8 L/hr orally or by nasogastric tube until rectal effluent is clear. In most patients, this requires a maximum of 4-6 L. Initial data indicate that PEG-ELSs are safe for elderly patients and for patients who have an increased risk of fluid overload, but these solutions have not been evaluated in children, pregnant women, or patients with inflammatory bowel disease. WBI is an effective alternative to other regimens for removing fecal material and reducing bowel lumen bacterial counts before colonoscopy and colorectal surgery. Retention of bacterial counts before colonoscopy and colorectal surgery. Retention of excess WBI solution may interfere with the quality of barium enema radiographs; this can be minimized by completing the irrigation the evening before the examination. Gastrointestinal side effects occur in about one third of the patients following WBI, but do not generally require discontinuing the irrigation. Solutions containing PEG with sodium sulfate as the primary electrolyte result in the least net water and electrolyte movement and are preferred over other solutions. AUMichael KA; DiPiro JT; Bowden TA; Tedesco FJ EM8601 SOClin Pharm (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 4(4) p414-24 MJColon; Intestines; Irrigation MNAged; Barium Sulfate /AD; Child; Colonoscopy; Colon /SU; Electrolytes /AD; Enema; Gastric Lavage /MT; Irrigation /AE /MT; Isotonic Solutions /AD; Polyethylene Glycols /AD; Pregnancy; Rectum /SU; Sodium Chloride /AD MCReview MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN298-46-4 (Carbamazepine); 50-53-3 (Chlorpromazine); 7439-93-2 (Lithium) IS0278-2677 LAEnglish JCDKC SBM UI86003249 TIUse of carbamazepine in psychiatric disorders. ABUse of carbamazepine for the treatment of psychiatric disorders is reviewed. Carbamazepine's mechanism of action may be related to inhibition of kindling (repeated subtherapeutic electrical stimulation) in the temporal lobe and limbic system. In most published studies, carbamazepine was useful in affective disorders, especially in patients with bipolar manic disorders. In controlled, double-blind studies in patients with primary affective or schizoaffective disorders, carbamazepine significantly decreased manic symptoms and showed some antidepressant effect. Synergistic effects have been observed when carbamazepine is used with lithium. Carbamazepine has been reported to decrease symptoms in patients with aggression, dyscontrol syndromes, schizophrenia, and alcohol withdrawal syndrome, but few of these studies have been controlled, comparative trials; carbamazepine may be useful in patients with these disorders who do not respond to conventional therapies. Beneficial effects of carbamazepine in psychiatric disorders are usually observed with doses of 400-1600 mg/day and serum concentrations of 8-12 micrograms/mL. Carbamazepine is useful alone or in combination with other agents for bipolar affective disorders, especially in patients who are intolerant of or unresponsive to lithium. Serum carbamazepine concentration, hematological profile, and serum electrolytes should be monitored carefully to minimize the risk of toxicity. AUBirkhimer LJ; Curtis JL; Jann MW EM8601 SOClin Pharm (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 4(4) p425-34 MJCarbamazepine /TU; Mental Disorders MNAffective Disorders /DT; Bipolar Disorder /DT; Carbamazepine /AD /AE; Chlorpromazine /TU; Clinical Trials; Depressive Disorder /DT; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Lithium /TU; Schizophrenia /DT; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /AD MTComparative Study; Human RN1406-16-2 (Vitamin D); 70-51-9 (Deferoxamine); 7429-90-5 (Aluminum) IS0278-2677 LAEnglish JCDKC SBM UI86003250 TIAluminum-related osteomalacia in renal-failure patients. ABThe pathophysiology, clinical presentation, prevention, and treatment of aluminum-related osteomalacia in renal-failure patients are reviewed. Aluminum-related osteomalacia can develop in patients exposed to high concentrations of aluminum either in dialysis solutions or through gastrointestinal aluminum absorption from aluminum-containing antacids used to treat hyperphosphatemia. Although the exact etiology of aluminum-related osteomalacia is unknown, aluminum is believed to inhibit bone mineralization by forming an inhibitory complex with citric acid at physiologic concentrations. The complex is deposited along bone mineralization fronts and in bone marrow. The major symptoms of aluminum-related osteomalacia include skeletal pain, fractures, and vertebral collapse. The disease is difficult to diagnose because patients may have normal or slightly elevated serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone. Direct measurement of bone aluminum content (using biopsy) is often needed to confirm diagnosis. The aluminum-chelating agent deferoxamine mesylate can be used to measure bone aluminum content indirectly. Aluminum intoxication can be managed either by preventing exposure to aluminum or by removing deposited aluminum from bone. New standards restrict aluminum content in dialysis solutions, and prevention now focuses on the use of aluminum-free phosphate binders for treatment of hyperphosphatemia. Calcium carbonate may be as effective as aluminum-containing antacids in controlling serum phosphate concentrations, but it should be used cautiously in patients who are hypercalcemic or at risk of developing metastatic calcification. Chelation therapy with deferoxamine has improved the symptoms and bone histology in a small number of patients. Clinical improvements have been seen in patients receiving intravenous deferoxamine 2-6 g per week for 20 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUVick KE; Johnson CA EM8601 SOClin Pharm (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 4(4) p434-9 MJAluminum; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Osteomalacia MNAluminum /ME; Antacids /AE; Bone and Bones /ME; Chelating Agents /TU; Child; Deferoxamine /TU; Osteomalacia /DT /PC; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory /AE; Time Factors; Vitamin D /TU MCReview MTAnimal; Human RN81-81-2 (Warfarin) IS0278-2677 LAEnglish JCDKC SBM UI86003251 TIMulticenter evaluation of six methods for predicting warfarin maintenance-dose requirements from initial response. ABWarfarin maintenance-dose requirements predicted by six mathematical methods based on initial response to therapy were compared with patients' actual dose requirements in a multicenter trial. Data were collected for patients who had received an initial regimen of warfarin sodium 10 mg orally every 24 hours for three days and for whom a prothrombin time (PT) had been determined 16-20 hours after the third dose. Patients' individual dose requirements and PT values were recorded during one to three follow-up visits after discharge from one of seven medical centers. Prothrombin ratios (patient PT divided by control PT) calculated on day 4 were used for maintenance-dose prediction by five methods; a sixth method was based on the cumulative warfarin dose-PT response curve up to a PT value of 20 seconds. For 54 men and 30 women who qualified for the study, 197 maintenance-dose-PT response measurements were recorded; 95 in the first four weeks of therapy, 76 during weeks 5-12, and 26 at 6-12 months after initial treatment. Prothrombin ratios were within the therapeutic range (PT 1.5-2.5 times the control value) in 154 observations, and the mean actual warfarin sodium maintenance dose associated with therapeutic response was 7.6 mg/day. For patients with therapeutic prothrombin ratios, dose predictions by the five methods using prothrombin ratios (PRs) correlated significantly with actual dose requirements. The formula that predicted doses numerically closest to the actual dose is as follows: Dose = 11.17 - 21.08 (log PR). Only 45 observations were obtained for the sixth prediction method, and the correlation between actual and predicted doses was not significant. Initial warfarin maintenance-dose requirements can be predicted effectively based on one PT determination after administration of three daily 10-mg doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUSawyer WT; Poe TE; Canaday BR; Weiner JS; Williams DM; Webb CE; Ellison MJ EM8601 SOClin Pharm (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 4(4) p440-6 MJWarfarin MNAdult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Costs and Cost Analysis; Evaluation Studies; Follow-Up Studies; Length of Stay; Methods; Middle Age; Prognosis; Pulmonary Embolism /DT; Thrombosis /DT MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN16291-96-6 (Charcoal); 50-70-4 (Sorbitol); 7487-88-9 (Magnesium Sulfate); 77-92-9 (citric acid) IS0278-2677 LAEnglish JCDKC SBM UI86003252 TIGastrointestinal transit times of cathartics used with activated charcoal. AUKrenzelok EP EM8601 SOClin Pharm (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 4(4) p446-8 MJCathartics; Charcoal; Gastrointestinal Motility MNCathartics /ME; Charcoal /ME; Citrates /AD; Drug Combinations; Magnesium Sulfate /AD; Sorbitol /AD; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN317-34-0 (Aminophylline); 58-55-9 (Theophylline) IS0278-2677 LAEnglish JCDKC SBM UI86003253 TITheophylline pharmacokinetics in paraplegic subjects. AUSegal JL; Smith CM; Gordon SK; Eltorai IM EM8601 SOClin Pharm (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 4(4) p448-51 MJParaplegia; Theophylline /ME MNAdult; Aminophylline /AD; Circadian Rhythm; Kinetics; Middle Age; Smoking; Theophylline /AD /BL; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0278-2677 LAEnglish JCDKC SBM UI86003254 TIReservoir aerosol delivery systems [editorial] AUTietze KJ EM8601 SOClin Pharm (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 4(4) p452-3 MJAerosols; Respiratory Therapy MNRespiratory Therapy /MT MTHuman RN55-63-0 (Glyceryl Trinitrate) IS0278-2677 LAEnglish JCDKC SBM UI86003255 TITransdermal nitroglycerin patches [editorial] AUCurry SH EM8601 SOClin Pharm (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 4(4) p453-4 MJGlyceryl Trinitrate MNAngina Pectoris /DT; Drug Tolerance; Ointments; Time Factors MTHuman RN60-54-8 (Tetracycline) IS0278-2677 LAEnglish JCDKC SBM UI86003256 TIMetallic taste associated with tetracycline therapy. AUMagnasco LD; Magnasco AJ EM8601 SOClin Pharm (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 4(4) p455-6 MJMetals; Taste Disorders; Tetracycline /AE MNAdministration, Oral; Adult; Streptococcal Infections /DT; Tetracycline /AD; Urethritis /DT /ET MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0141-9854 LAEnglish JCDKF SBM UI86003257 TIOsteolytic lesion as the presenting feature of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. ABWe describe a woman in whom the first manifestation of chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) was an osteolytic lesion. Six months later the peripheral blood showed the picture of CGL in blast crisis. Chromosome studies confirmed the diagnosis and immunological and ultrastructural studies demonstrated the presence of two blast populations: basophil blasts and megakaryoblasts. AUMehta AB; Tavares De Castro J; San Miguel JF; Yin JA; O'Brien M; Kearney L; Catovsky D EM8601 SOClin Lab Haematol (England), 1985, 7(2) p105-12 MJBone Resorption; Leukemia, Myelocytic /PA; Osteolysis MNAged; Basophils /UL; Chromosome Banding; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myelocytic /CO /DI; Metaphase; Microscopy, Electron; Osteolysis /PA MTCase Report; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0141-9854 LAEnglish JCDKF SBM UI86003258 TIPrimary acquired sideroblastic anaemia and myeloproliferative disease: a report on three cases. ABThree patients who presented with primary acquired sideroblastic anaemia (PASA) later developed myelofibrosis (MF). As both are clonal disorders a second mutation is suggested. AUWilliams MD; Shinton NK; Finney RD EM8601 SOClin Lab Haematol (England), 1985, 7(2) p113-8 MJAnemia, Sideroblastic /CO; Myelofibrosis /ET MNAged; Anemia, Sideroblastic /BL /DI; Erythrocyte Count; Leukocyte Count; Middle Age; Myelofibrosis /BL /DI; Platelet Count MTCase Report; Human; Male RN446-86-6 (Azathioprine); 53-03-2 (Prednisone); 57-22-7 (Vincristine) IS0141-9854 LAEnglish JCDKF SBM UI86003259 TIFresh frozen plasma in the treatment of chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in adults: evidence for potentiating effect of vincristine. ABFive adult patients with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) were given fresh frozen plasma infusion (FFP) as an alternative to intravenous gamma globulin (IV Ig). The effect of vincristine (VCR) and other agents given concomitantly is discussed and a synergistic phenomenon between VCR and FFP is proposed. This approach may provide a rational and economical alternative to the use of IV Ig in the treatment of chronic ATP in adults and it is hoped that a prospective trial can be initiated. AUBharucha C; Magennis H EM8601 SOClin Lab Haematol (England), 1985, 7(2) p119-24 MJAutoimmune Diseases /TH; Blood Transfusion; Plasma; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic /TH; Vincristine MNAdult; Aged; Autoimmune Diseases /DT; Azathioprine /TU; Drug Therapy, Combination; Middle Age; Prednisone /TU; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic /DT; Splenectomy MTFemale; Human; Male RN81-81-2 (Warfarin) IS0141-9854 LAEnglish JCDKF SBM UI86003260 TIQuality of oral anticoagulant therapy. ABThree hundred and eighty-four patients were studied for up to 1 year while on continuous oral anticoagulant therapy and the quality of control of therapy was assessed. Two hundred and thirty-five patients were on continuous therapy throughout the year (long-term group), 73 were treated for a period between 3 and 12 months (intermediate group) and 76 were treated for less than 3 months (short-term group). The therapeutic objective was to achieve and maintain British Ratio (BR) between 2.0 and 4.0. Nineteen percent of the results in the long-term group, 26.6% in the intermediate group and 41.1% in the short-term group fell outside this range. Among the long-term group only 25.1% and in the intermediate group 12.3% had all their results within the control range. It is concluded that the quality of therapeutic control of oral anticoagulant therapy needs to be improved. AUMajumdar G; Payne RW EM8601 SOClin Lab Haematol (England), 1985, 7(2) p125-31 MJAnticoagulants /TU; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Therapy MNAdministration, Oral; Anticoagulants /AD; Follow-Up Studies; Quality Assurance, Health Care; Time Factors; Warfarin /TU MTHuman RN298-83-9 (Nitroblue Tetrazolium) IS0141-9854 LAEnglish JCDKF SBM UI86003261 TIIn-vivo neutrophil migration and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in sickle cell disease. ABIn order to determine the contribution of neutrophil malfunction to the phenomenon of enhanced susceptibility of sickle cell disease patients to bacterial infection, the in-vivo neutrophil migration capacity in 23 sickle cell patients and in 14 normal controls; and the neutrophil reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium dye in 74 sickle cell patients and in 78 normal controls were studied. Secondarily the usefulness of the NBT test in distinguishing between osteomyelitis and uncomplicated bone pain was examined. No impairment of neutrophil migratory capacity was evident as no significant difference was observed between the mean migrated neutrophil count in the sickle cell subjects (1.99 X 10(9)/1) and that in normal controls (2.08 X 10(9)/1). The mean NBT scores were 19.9 +/- 8.9% in non-infected controls and 41.3 +/- 14.6% in infected controls (P less than 0.001). In sickle cell disease they were 23.6 +/- 6% in steady state subjects, 29.2 +/- 16.4% in sterile painful crises, 42.9 +/- 15% in non-osteomyelitic bacterial infection (P less than 0.001) and 18.9 +/- 4.2% during osteomyelitis. Thus all sickle cell subjects apart from those with osteomyelitis showed significant increases in the NBT scores during bacterial infection. The low score in sickle cell osteomyelitis is possibly associated with a relative neutrophil phagocytic defect which requires further elucidation. The NBT test was not useful in distinguishing uncomplicated painful crisis from early osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease. AUAkinyanju OO EM8601 SOClin Lab Haematol (England), 1985, 7(2) p133-42 MJAnemia, Sickle Cell; Neutrophils /PH; Nitroblue Tetrazolium; Tetrazolium Salts MNAnemia, Sickle Cell /CO; Caucasoid Race; Cell Movement; Negroid Race; Neutrophils /ME; Nigeria; Osteomyelitis /CO; Oxidation-Reduction; Reference Values MTComparative Study; Human RN67-68-5 (Dimethyl Sulfoxide); 68-19-9 (Vitamin B 12) IS0141-9854 LAEnglish JCDKF SBM UI86003262 TIChanges in the uptake of 57Co-cyanocobalamin during dimethylsulphoxide-induced differentiation of HL60 cells to neutrophils. ABThe uptake of serum-bound 57Co-cyanocobalamin by uninduced and dimethylsulphoxide-induced HL60 cells has been studied. The data indicate that during the maturation of promyelocytes to neutrophil granulocytes, there is a progressive and marked reduction in (a) the number of surface receptors for the transcobalamin II-cobalamin complex (TCII-Cbl) per cell up to the metamyelocyte stage and (b) the amount of TCII-Cbl entering a cell, through the entire maturation pathway. The maturation of promyelocytes to neutrophil granulocytes was also accompanied by a marked reduction in intracellular vitamin B12 content. These observations help in explaining some features of granulocytopoiesis in cobalamin deficiency. AUGill DS; Wickramasinghe SN EM8601 SOClin Lab Haematol (England), 1985, 7(2) p143-9 MJDimethyl Sulfoxide; Leukemia, Myeloblastic; Neutrophils; Vitamin B 12 MNBiological Transport; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cell Line; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Kinetics; Temperature MTHuman IS0141-9854 LAEnglish JCDKF SBM UI86003263 TIAn assessment of the Ortho ELT-800 WBC and three-part WBC screen. ABThe ELT-800 WBC and three-part WBC screen have been evaluated. Technical assessment showed each to be satisfactory but in a small number of samples, the total WBC was found to be incorrect. Discrepancies were found in some cases of chronic lymphatic leukaemia, sickle cell disease and paraproteinaemia. The reasons for these differences are discussed. In the population studied, an accurate WBC screen was obtained on 87.3% of samples. Initial instrument WBC screen rejection occurred on 12.7% but in only 2.1% could no explanation be found to account for this. AUStrange CA; Mackie MJ; Marnell JH; McEvoy P EM8601 SOClin Lab Haematol (England), 1985, 7(2) p151-6 MJHematologic Diseases; Leukocyte Count /MT; Leukocytes MNEvaluation Studies; Granulocytes /CY; Leukocyte Count /IS; Lymphocytes /CY; Monocytes /CY MTComparative Study; Human IS0141-9854 LAEnglish JCDKF SBM UI86003264 TIAn evaluation of the Sequoia-Turner Cell Dyn 900. ABA formal evaluation of the Sequoia-Turner Cell Dyn 900, a compact eight-parameter semi-automated blood cell counter, was carried out in a small paediatric haematology laboratory. The instrument's precision, linearity and carry-over were adequate. Comparison with a Coulter ZF6 system plus visual platelet count showed good agreement, and results in the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme also compared well with 'all methods' values. Throughput was assessed at 54 eight-parameter counts per hour. The machine proved to be reasonably economical, highly reliable and easy to operate. It was popular with staff and can be recommended, particularly for the smaller laboratory. AUHinchliffe RF; Laycock BJ; Clark SJ; Morton J; Anderson LM; Lilleyman JS EM8601 SOClin Lab Haematol (England), 1985, 7(2) p157-65 MJBlood Cell Count /MT; Hemoglobins MNAutoanalysis; Blood Cell Count /IS; Child; Colorimetry /MT; Erythrocyte Count /MT; Evaluation Studies; Hematologic Diseases /BL; Leukocyte Count /MT; Platelet Count /MT; Reference Values MTHuman RNEC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen); 9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0141-9854 LAEnglish JCDKF SBM UI86003265 TIA rapid technique for the estimation of fibrinogen. AULawson AT; Al Shahrani S EM8601 SOClin Lab Haematol (England), 1985, 7(2) p167-72 MJFibrinogen MNCitrates; Heparin; Kinetics; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Spectrophotometry /MT; Thrombin MTHuman RN15663-27-1 (Cisplatin); 33419-42-0 (Etoposide) IS0141-9854 LAEnglish JCDKF SBM UI86003266 TIUncomplicated administration of blood products warmed to 37 degrees C in a patient with T activation of the red cell membrane. AUDavis HP; Treacy M; Parker D; Duggan G EM8601 SOClin Lab Haematol (England), 1985, 7(2) p173-6 MJAbdominal Neoplasms /TH; Blood Transfusion; Erythrocyte Membrane; Lymphocyte Transformation; T Lymphocytes; Teratoma /TH MNABO Blood-Group System; Abdominal Neoplasms /DT /IM; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Cisplatin /AD; Etoposide /AD; Teratoma /DT /IM MTCase Report; Human; Male RN7440-74-6 (Indium) IS0141-9854 LAEnglish JCDKF SBM UI86003267 TIDiagnosis of Salmonella osteomyelitis in a neutropenic patient using 111indium-labelled donor leucocytes. AUDaly HM; Morse C; Scott GL EM8601 SOClin Lab Haematol (England), 1985, 7(2) p177-81 MJAgranulocytosis; Leukocytes; Neutropenia; Osteomyelitis /MI; Salmonella Infections /DI MNAged; Indium /DU; Osteomyelitis /CO /RI; Radioisotopes /DU; Salmonella Infections /CO; Salmonella Typhimurium /IP MTCase Report; Human; Male RN17230-88-5 (Danazol) IS0141-9854 LAEnglish JCDKF SBM UI86003268 TIUse of danazol in the hereditary coagulation disorder hypofibrinogenaemia [letter] AURuiz-Arguelles GJ EM8601 SOClin Lab Haematol (England), 1985, 7(2) p183-4 MJAfibrinogenemia /DT; Danazol; Pregnadienes MNAdult; Afibrinogenemia /DI MTCase Report; Human; Male RN59-30-3 (Folic Acid) IS0141-9854 LAEnglish JCDKF SBM UI86003269 TIHypersensitivity to folic acid therapy [letter] AUSparling R; Abela M EM8601 SOClin Lab Haematol (England), 1985, 7(2) p184-5 MJDrug Hypersensitivity; Folic Acid; Pigmentation Disorders MNFolic Acid /TU; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male RN57576-52-0 (Thromboxane A2); 7771-44-0 (arachidonic acid) IS0144-5979 LAEnglish JCDKG SBM UI86003270 TIAcute myocardial infarction and the arachidonic acid system in the coronary vessels. AUWennmalm A EM8601 SOClin Physiol (England), Aug 1985, 5(4) p311-4 MJArachidonic Acids; Coronary Vessels; Myocardial Infarction /ME MNMyocardial Infarction /ET; Prostaglandins X /ME; Thromboxane A2 /ME MTHuman IS0144-5979 LAEnglish JCDKG SBM UI86003271 TIBradycardia during reversible haemorrhagic shock--a forgotten observation? AUSecher NH; Bie P EM8601 SOClin Physiol (England), Aug 1985, 5(4) p315-23 MJBradycardia; Heart; Shock, Hemorrhagic MNBlood Pressure; Blood Volume; Bradycardia /PP; Heart Rate; Parasympathetic Nervous System /PP; Shock, Hemorrhagic /PP; Sympathetic Nervous System /PP; Vascular Resistance MCReview MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-21-5 (lactic acid); 6898-94-8 (Alanine); 7664-41-7 (Ammonia) IS0144-5979 LAEnglish JCDKG SBM UI86003272 TIAmmonia metabolism during exercise in man. ABPhysical exercise is accompanied by increased plasma levels of ammonia but it is not known whether this rise primarily reflects accelerated formation in muscle or decreased removal by the liver. Consequently, leg and splanchnic exchange of ammonia was examined, using the catheter technique, in 11 healthy subjects at rest, during three consecutive 15 min periods of bicycle exercise at gradually increasing work loads (35%, 55% and 80% of maximum oxygen uptake) and for 60 min during post-exercise recovery. The basal arterial ammonia level was 22 +/- 2 mumol/l, the concentration rose curvilinearly in response to increasing work loads (peak value 84 +/- 12 mumol/l), and fell rapidly after exercise, reaching basal levels after 30-60 min. A linear regression was found for ammonia levels in relation to lactate concentrations at rest and during exercise (r = 0.85, P less than 0.001). A significant relationship was also observed between arterial ammonia and alanine levels (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001). Leg tissues showed a net uptake of ammonia in the basal state (2.4 +/- 0.5 mumol/min). During exercise this changed to a net production, which increased curvilinearly with rising work intensity (peak value 46 +/- 15 mumol/min) but reverted to a net ammonia uptake at 30-60 min after exercise. Splanchnic ammonia uptake (basal 12 +/- 2 mumol/min) did not change in response to exercise but increased transiently during the early post-exercise period. From the above observations we conclude that the hyperammonaemia of exercise comes primarily from muscle release, while the splanchnic removal of ammonia is essentially unaltered. Part of the ammonia formed in contracting muscle is most likely used in the synthesis of amino acids, mainly glutamine and probably alanine. AUEriksson LS; Broberg S; Bjorkman O ; Wahren J EM8601 SOClin Physiol (England), Aug 1985, 5(4) p325-36 MJAmmonia /ME; Exertion MNAdult; Alanine /BL; Ammonia /BL; Lactates /BL; Leg /ME; Liver /ME; Muscle Contraction; Muscles /ME; Splanchnic Circulation MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0144-5979 LAEnglish JCDKG SBM UI86003273 TIA simplified technique for measurements of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in man. ABA technique is described for simultaneous measurements of energy expenditure and oxidation of exogenous substrates in man. The equipment comprised a semi-opened respiratory hood operated by a negative-flow pressure of the gas flow through the system. The system was constructed by assembling commercially available components with high analytical precision into an integrated constellation. We present results of instrument accuracy, assessed by calibration, and the coefficient of variation (CV) for calibration procedures of the total system, as well as findings with regard to the degree of reproducibility of applied investigations on both healthy volunteers and hospitalized patients. The overall coefficient of variation was 3-4% of the mean values for RQ and energy expenditure. This includes both biological and methodological variation. The cost of this system is less than that for a commercially available system with a similar performance. AULindmark L; Ekman L; Lundholm K EM8601 SOClin Physiol (England), Aug 1985, 5(4) p337-45 MJCalorimetry, Indirect; Calorimetry; Energy Metabolism MNAdult; Calibration; Calorimetry, Indirect /MT; Middle Age; Oxidation-Reduction; Pulmonary Gas Exchange MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0144-5979 LAEnglish JCDKG SBM UI86003274 TIAutonomic cardiovascular responses in old age. ABThe effect of age on autonomically mediated cardiovascular responses to certain manoeuvres was studied in 15, healthy, old men and women (60-80 years). The results were compared with groups of healthy young (about 25 years) and middle-aged (about 45 years) subjects. There was no significant reduction in cardiovascular responses between the young and middle-aged groups. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and heart rate, blood-pressure and contralateral forearm blood flow increases to isometric hand grip, as well as the heart rate decrease during a dive reflex test, were significantly attenuated in the old age group. The Valsalva ratio, and the heart rate and blood-pressure changes during an 8 min orthostatic test did not differ between the old and the two younger age groups. There seems to be only a moderate attenuation of autonomic cardiovascular responses to about 60 years, after which there is a more rapid decline. The difference in reduction between different responses, even those mediated by the same type of autonomic nerve, suggests that the decreased responses are not due to an isolated impaired function of the peripheral autonomic nerve. The impairment may be due to the receptor organ or a combination of defects in function of several parts of the autonomic nervous system in old age. AUKaijser L; Sachs C EM8601 SOClin Physiol (England), Aug 1985, 5(4) p347-57 MJAging; Autonomic Nervous System; Cardiovascular System /PH MNAdult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System /IR; Exercise Test; Heart Rate; Isometric Contraction; Middle Age; Posture; Reflex /PH; Respiration; Valsalva's Maneuver MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-21-5 (lactic acid) IS0144-5979 LAEnglish JCDKG SBM UI86003275 TIReproducibility of coronary haemodynamics and cardiac metabolism during pacing-induced angina pectoris. ABThe reproducibility of coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF) (thermodilution technique) and myocardial metabolism (exchange of oxygen, lactate, free fatty acids, glucose, citrate, glutamate and alanine) during two identical pacing periods separated by 45 min were studied in eight patients with chronic coronary artery disease. The mean of the individual difference (delta-values) between values during the first (T1) and second (T2) test, at corresponding times (rest, pacing and after 3-5 min of recovery), were calculated and expressed as a percentage of the resting level of each parameter in order to assess their reproducibility. All patients experienced angina pectoris during both pacing sessions, and pacetime to onset of symptoms did not differ between the tests. Group values for haemodynamics and exchange of metabolites were acceptably reproducible throughout the period under study. Mean delta-values of CSBF ranged from 10% to 16% and myocardial oxygen uptake from 14% to 22% in relation to the resting levels. In contrast, mean delta-values of metabolites ranged from 5% to 136% in relation to the respective A-V differences during the study. The greatest variation occurred during pacing and of all the metabolites lactate exchange varied most. A spontaneous variation in the degree of ischaemia during repeat stress tests might be the major reason for the metabolite variability. Changes in CSBF, however, tended to correlate inversely to the delta-aortocoronary sinus differences of substrates during pacing. Precision of chemical analysis and blood sampling technique were of minor importance for the variability. Since lactate exchange varied most, the study suggests that additional measurements should be made of more metabolites when assessing the efficacy of therapy by means of myocardial metabolism. AUBagger JP; Nielsen TT; Thomassen A EM8601 SOClin Physiol (England), Aug 1985, 5(4) p359-70 MJAngina Pectoris; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Coronary Circulation; Myocardium MNAdult; Angina Pectoris /ME /PP; Lactates /ME; Middle Age; Oxygen Consumption MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0144-5979 LAEnglish JCDKG SBM UI86003276 TIMild mental stress in diabetes: changes in heart rate and subcutaneous blood-flow. ABA TV-game of tennis of 20 min duration was used to study the influence of mild mental stress on subcutaneous blood-flow (SBF), blood-pressure and heart rate in nine insulin-dependent diabetics and nine healthy subjects. SBF was measured on the thigh by local clearance of xenon-133. Measurements were made before, during and after the period of stress. During stress, SBF increased significantly by 26% in the healthy subjects, while SBF remained unchanged in the diabetics. The difference between the two groups was significant (P less than 0.05). Following stress, SBF returned to pre-stress level in the healthy subjects, while a significant decrease of 33% was observed in the diabetics. The pre-stress heart rate level was higher and the stress-induced increase in heart rate was less in the diabetics compared with the healthy subjects (P less than 0.05). During the stress a slight--but insignificant--increase in blood-pressure was observed in both groups. In conclusion, we found that even mild mental strain influences SBF in both normal subjects and in diabetics. The induced alterations in the two groups are different, probably because of a slight parasympathetic dysfunction in the diabetics. AUHildebrandt P; Mehlsen J; Sestoft L; Nielsen SL EM8601 SOClin Physiol (England), Aug 1985, 5(4) p371-6 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /PX; Heart Rate; Skin; Stress, Psychological MNAdult; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /PP; Insulin /ME; Regional Blood Flow; Xenon Radioisotopes /DU MTFemale; Human; Male RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 12769-48-1 (Substance P); 7187-66-8 (Trimethaphan) IS0144-5979 LAEnglish JCDKG SBM UI86003277 TIArterial blood-pressure change and endogenous circulating substance P in man. ABSubstance P (SP) is a powerful vasodilator and this peptide is today considered to be a chemical messenger. The potential effects on circulating SP of acute changes in arterial blood-pressure was investigated in nine subjects. An increase in arterial mean blood-pressure (+33%, P less than 0.001, n = 9) was obtained by infusion of angiotensin II and a decrease in pressure (-10%, P less than 0.005, n = 6) was obtained by ganglionic blockade. The concentration of SP in plasma, from supine subjects in the normotensive condition, ranged from 3 to 13 pmol/l (with a mean of 5.6 pmol/l). SP was thus within the reference interval: 3-16 pmol/l (n.s.). Plasma SP remained very constant in each subject during the changes in blood-pressure (mean variation in plasma concentration of SP was 0.97 (SD) pmol/l). The results show that acute changes in arterial blood-pressure do not result in any detectable change in plasma SP, this seems to indicate that endogenous circulating SP has no significant role in the vascular tonus controlled by the arterial baroreflex. AUHenriksen JH; Kastrup J; Schaffalitzky De Muckadell OB EM8601 SOClin Physiol (England), Aug 1985, 5(4) p377-81 MJBlood Pressure; Substance P /PH MNAdult; Angiotensin II /DU; Hypertension /CI; Hypotension /CI; Middle Age; Pressoreceptors /PH; Reflex /PH; Substance P /BL; Trimethaphan /DU MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0144-5979 LAEnglish JCDKG SBM UI86003278 TIAn evaluation of finger systolic-pressure response to local cooling in the diagnosis of primary Raynaud's phenomenon. ABFinger systolic-pressure (FSP) in response to local cooling has been evaluated as a diagnostic test in 28 females with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP). The mean FSP (%) at 15 degrees C and 10 degrees C was significantly lower in the patients than in 28 age- and sex-matched controls but there was a large overlap in the individual responses. Diagnostic sensitivity of FSP (%) at 10 degrees C was only 57%. Increasing the sensitivity of the test lowered the specificity as the number of false positives rose. This also reduced the predictive value for a positive test. As a diagnostic test of PRP in individuals, the measurement of FSP appears to be of limited value, except in severe cases when complete vessel closure often occurs. Measurement of FSP will classify groups correctly and this objective physiological measure of Raynaud's phenomenon may have a place in group comparisons. AUCorbin DO; Wood DA; Housley E EM8601 SOClin Physiol (England), Aug 1985, 5(4) p383-92 MJBlood Pressure; Cold; Fingers; Raynaud's Disease MNAdolescence; Adult; Middle Age; Plethysmography; Raynaud's Disease /PP MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0144-5979 LAEnglish JCDKG SBM UI86003279 TIThe influence of transducer position on the M-mode echocardiographic measurement of the left atrial dimension. ABEighty-five subjects were investigated to see if the left atrial dimension (LAD) determined by M-mode echocardiography varies with different placements of the transducer in the parasternal long-axis view. Satisfactory images from the third and fourth intercostal spaces were obtained in all subjects. A satisfactory image from the second, third and fourth intercostal spaces was obtained in 58 subjects and from the third, fourth and fifth intercostal spaces in 27 subjects. The mean LAD was significantly smaller (P less than 0.001) in the fourth intercostal space than in the third. The mean value obtained from the fifth intercostal space was smaller than that from the fourth. The beam pathway seen on the two-dimensional echocardiogram indicates that the transducer should preferably be placed in the third intercostal space. If the transducer is placed in a lower intercostal space the measured left atrial dimension might be underestimated. AUHoglund C EM8601 SOClin Physiol (England), Aug 1985, 5(4) p393-9 MJEchocardiography; Heart Atrium MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Heart Atrium /PH; Heart Diseases /DI; Middle Age; Transducers MTFemale; Human; Male RN1951-25-3 (Amiodarone) IS0009-9074 LAItalian JCDKN UI86003280 TI[Adverse effects during chronic treatment with low-dose amiodarone] AUCosta C; Visalli N; Natoli A TT[Effetti indesiderati in corso di trattamento cronico con amiodarone a bassa posologia.] EM8601 SOClin Ter (Italy), Jul 15 1985, 114(1) p27-35 MJAmiodarone /AE; Benzofurans MNAdult; Aged; Amiodarone /AD; Arrhythmia /CI; Child; Drug Interactions; Eye Diseases /CI; Lung Diseases /CI; Peripheral Nerve Diseases /CI; Skin Diseases /CI; Thyroid Diseases /CI; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-9074 LAItalian JCDKN UI86003281 TI[Current trends in medical therapy of chronic peripheral obliterating arteriopathies] AUPeruzzi G; Tallarida G; Baldoni F; Raimondi G; Grimaldi I; Sangiorgi M TT[Prospettive attuali della terapia medica delle arteriopatie obliteranti croniche periferiche.] EM8601 SOClin Ter (Italy), Jul 15 1985, 114(1) p3-26 MJArterial Occlusive Diseases /DT; Extremities MNAdrenergic Alpha Receptor Blockaders /TU; Anticoagulants /TU; Arterial Occlusive Diseases /DI /PP; Calcium Channel Blockers /TU; Fibrinolytic Agents /TU; Intermittent Claudication /DT; Prostaglandins X /TU; Sympatholytics /TU; Thromboembolism /DT; Thrombosis /DT; Vasodilator Agents /TU MCEnglish Abstract; Review MTHuman RN50-78-2 (Aspirin) IS0009-9074 LAItalian JCDKN UI86003282 TI[Anti-platelet aggregation action and paradoxical effects of acetylsalicylic acid] AUMocchi N; Sbalzarini G; Cantaluppi P TT[Azione antiaggregante piastrinica ed effetto paradosso dell'acido acetilsalicilico.] EM8601 SOClin Ter (Italy), Jul 15 1985, 114(1) p37-41 MJAspirin; Platelet Aggregation MNAdult; Aged; Arterial Occlusive Diseases /BL /DT; Aspirin /TU; Cerebrovascular Disorders /BL /DT; Coronary Disease /BL /DT; Extremities /BS; Middle Age; Thrombophlebitis /BL /DT MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-9074 LAItalian JCDKN UI86003283 TI[Cardioinhibitory carotid sinus syndrome: Holter monitoring does not change the clinical selection of patients for treatment] AUCivardi G; Binelli F; Fornari F; Cavanna L; Rossi S; Buscarini E TT[Sindrome senocarotidea cardioinibitoria: l'Holter non modifica la selezione clinica dei pazienti per il trattamento.] EM8601 SOClin Ter (Italy), Jul 15 1985, 114(1) p43-6 MJCarotid Sinus; Electrocardiography; Pacemaker, Artificial; Syncope MNAged; Middle Age; Monitoring, Physiologic; Syncope /PC; Syndrome MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN555-30-6 (Methyldopa); 58-93-5 (Hydrochlorothiazide) IS0009-9074 LAItalian JCDKN UI86003284 TI[Ergometric evaluation of effects of captopril in hypertensive patients with exertion-induced angina] AUStrozzi C; Padula A; Russo L; Alfiero R; Rizzo A TT[Valutazione ergometrica degli effetti del captopril in pazienti ipertesi con angina da sforzo.] EM8601 SOClin Ter (Italy), Jul 15 1985, 114(1) p47-50 MJAngina Pectoris /DT; Captopril; Hypertension MNAged; Angina Pectoris /CO; Hydrochlorothiazide /TU; Hypertension /DT; Methyldopa /TU; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RNEC 1.16.3.1 (Ceruloplasmin); 7440-50-8 (Copper) IS0009-9074 LAItalian JCDKN UI86003285 TI[Physiopathology, clinical aspects and therapy of changes in copper metabolism] AUCotrozzi G; Relli P; Del Re A; Lupi R; Lazzari T TT[Alcuni aspetti di fisiopatologia, clinica e terapia delle alterazioni metaboliche del rame.] EM8601 SOClin Ter (Italy), Jul 15 1985, 114(1) p51-62 MJBrain Diseases, Metabolic; Copper /ME; Hepatolenticular Degeneration; Kinky Hair Syndrome MNAdult; Brain Diseases, Metabolic /DI /PP /TH; Ceruloplasmin /AN; Child; Copper /BL /DF; Diet; Hepatolenticular Degeneration /DI /PP /TH; Kinky Hair Syndrome /DI /PP /TH; Liver /ME; Mice; Rats MCEnglish Abstract; Review MTAnimal; Human RN338-95-4 (9-fluoroprednisolone); 53-34-9 (Fluprednisolone) IS0009-9074 LAItalian JCDKN UI86003286 TI[Case of pseudohyperaldosteronism caused by 9-alpha-fluoroprednisolone abuse] AUNapolitano C; Frezza F; Salera P; Gattini G; Balzanelli M TT[Caso di pseudoiperaldosteronismo da iperdosaggio di 9-alfa-fluoroprednisolone.] EM8601 SOClin Ter (Italy), Jul 15 1985, 114(1) p63-6 MJFluprednisolone /AE; Hyperaldosteronism; Substance Abuse MNAdult; Earache /DT; Fluprednisolone /AD; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0272-2712 LAEnglish JCDLS SBM UI86003287 TISymposium on nucleic acid probes and monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. EM8601 SOClin Lab Med (United States), Sep 1985, 5(3) p411-619 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Communicable Diseases; DNA MTHuman RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes) IS0272-2712 LAEnglish JCDLS SBM UI86003288 TIPlasmid fingerprinting. A tool for bacterial strain identification and surveillance of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. ABPlasmid fingerprinting provides a rapid and dependable means of identifying bacterial isolates of the same strain. The stability, wide distribution, and diverse nature and size of extrachromosomal elements make it suitable for virtually all bacterial genera. There are many different procedures available for plasmid screening, and the one chosen depends primarily on the types of organisms to be analyzed. Some procedures are better suited to gram-positive organisms; others are better for visualizing the very large plasmids often seen in Pseudomonas and Rhizobium species. The key to the plasmid fingerprinting technique is agarose gel electrophoresis. In this step of the technique, it is important to differentiate open circular from closed circular forms of plasmids and to recognize the ╥smile effect.╙ Plasmid fingerprinting can be utilized for epidemiologic studies of both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The use of restriction endonuclease analysis can greatly enhance the ability of the investigator to differentiate strains that harbor only a single plasmid. Plasmid fingerprinting often provides the only differential characteristic for strains involved in epidemics. AUTenover FC EM8601 SOClin Lab Med (United States), Sep 1985, 5(3) p413-36 MJBacterial Infections /MI; Bacteria; Plasmids MNBacterial Infections /DI; Bacteria /IP; Cross Infection /DI /MI; DNA Restriction Enzymes; DNA, Bacterial /AN; DNA, Circular /AN; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel /MT; Evolution; Genetic Marker; Molecular Weight; Reference Standards; Salmonella Infections /DI /MI; Salmonella /AN /CL MCReview MTHuman IS0272-2712 LAEnglish JCDLS SBM UI86003289 TIMolecular epidemiology of bacterial infections. ABThis article presents a review of current experience with the restriction enzyme technique in the epidemiology of bacterial infections. It is concluded that this technique has great potential, and that its practical value has been proved under a number of different epidemiologic conditions. AUBjorvatn B; Kristiansen BE EM8601 SOClin Lab Med (United States), Sep 1985, 5(3) p437-45 MJBacterial Infections; Bacteria; DNA, Bacterial MNBacterial Infections /OC; Bacteria /CL; Campylobacter fetus /AN; Chlamydia trachomatis /AN; Corynebacterium Diphtheriae /AN; Genetic Marker; Klebsiella Pneumoniae /AN; Neisseria Gonorrhoeae /AN; Neisseria Meningitidis /AN; Salmonella /AN; Vibrio cholerae /AN; World Health MCReview MTHuman RN0 (enterotoxin LT); 0 (heat stable toxin (E coli) IS0272-2712 LAEnglish JCDLS SBM UI86003290 TIDNA hybridization in the diagnosis of bacterial diarrhea. ABDNA hybridization with either cloned genes for enteropathogenic determinants or DNA segments that are species-specific is a valuable tool to identify certain bacterial enteric pathogens. Thus far, only E. coli and V. cholerae enterotoxin gene probes have been used to identify ETEC and V. cholerae in clinical specimens. DNA probes developed for Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, and enteroinvasive and enteropathogenic E. coli need to be evaluated with clinical specimens. The major contribution of this system so far has been to examine large numbers of specimens in epidemiologic studies. Once nonradioactive DNA probes are developed, this system will have potential application in clinical laboratories and in research laboratories in the developing world where diarrheal disease causes its greatest impact. AUEcheverria P; Seriwatana J; Sethabutr O; Taylor DN EM8601 SOClin Lab Med (United States), Sep 1985, 5(3) p447-62 MJBacterial Infections; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Recombinant; Diarrhea; Genetic Marker; Nucleic Acid Hybridization MNBacterial Toxins /GE; Campylobacter fetus /AN /GE; Cloning, Molecular; Diarrhea /ET; Enterotoxins /GE; Escherichia Coli Infections /DI; Escherichia Coli /AN /CL /GE; Salmonella /AN /GE; Shigella /AN /GE; Species Specificity MCReview MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN58-85-5 (Biotin) IS0272-2712 LAEnglish JCDLS SBM UI86003291 TIUse of nonradioactive DNA probes for the detection of infectious bacteria. ABApplication of the biotinylated DNA probe systems in the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is presented. The three formats employed are the dot-blot, in-situ, and Southern hybridization. AUPollice M; Yang HL EM8601 ID1 R43 AI 20837-01 SOClin Lab Med (United States), Sep 1985, 5(3) p463-73 MJBacterial Infections; Bacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Genetic Marker MNBacteria /CL /GE; Bacteriological Technics; Biotin; Cells, Cultured; Chlamydia Infections /DI; Chlamydia trachomatis /AN; DNA Insertion Elements; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Neisseria Gonorrhoeae /AN /DE; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Penicillins /PD MCReview MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes) IS0272-2712 LAEnglish JCDLS SBM UI86003292 TIMicrobial diagnosis by nucleic acid sandwich hybridization. ABSandwich hybridization is a three-component nucleic acid hybridization method suitable for the identification of microbes. In this method, one specific DNA fragment on solid support acts as catching reagent, and the second reagent is a labeled probe. The labeling of the support is mediated by a specimen nucleic acid homologous to both reagents. Because the specimen is kept in solution, relatively crude specimens not requiring elaborate pretreatments can be tested without background problems. The utility of the method in microbial diagnosis (adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and Chlamydia trachomatis) has been demonstrated. Increased sensitivity and nonradioactive detection methods will no doubt further extend the applicability of the sandwich hybridization method. AUPalva A; Ranki M EM8601 SOClin Lab Med (United States), Sep 1985, 5(3) p475-90 MJDNA, Bacterial; DNA, Viral; Genetic Marker; Nucleic Acid Hybridization MNAdenoviridae /AN; Adenovirus Infections /DI; Bacterial Infections /DI; Bacteria /AN /CL /GE; Chlamydia Infections /DI; Chlamydia trachomatis /AN; Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease /DI; Cytomegaloviruses /AN; DNA Restriction Enzymes; Microbiological Technics; Species Specificity; Virus Diseases /DI; Viruses /AN /CL MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (complementary RNA); 0 (EBV-associated nuclear antigen); 58-85-5 (Biotin) IS0272-2712 LAEnglish JCDLS SBM UI86003294 TIBiotin-labeled DNA probes for detection of Epstein-Barr virus by in-situ cytohybridization. ABConventional laboratory diagnosis of EBV-related disease is now performed by one of three methods: serology, lymphocyte transformation assay, or Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) staining of cell preparations. Of these techniques, serology is the most widely used. However, this approach assumes an intact host immune system, which is absent or impaired in some of the more baffling EBV-related syndromes. Detection of infectious virus by the lymphocyte transformation assay is labor-intensive, requires access to human umbilical cord blood lymphocytes, and requires a two-month period of incubation. Although detection of EBNA in tissue imprints is rapid, the anticomplement immunofluorescence assay, when applied to clinical materials, is subject to misinterpretation and requires multiple controls. Because of these difficulties, hybridization analysis of clinical materials for presence of EBV with biotinylated DNA probes promises to have wide-ranging applicability in the clinical microbiology laboratory. These techniques can readily be used in other viral systems and have proved useful for detection of human CMV and HSV DNA and RNA. Extension of the techniques to detection of specific nonviral nucleic acid sequences is the next frontier, limited essentially only by definition of significant target sequences. AUSixbey JW; Pagano JS EM8601 SOClin Lab Med (United States), Sep 1985, 5(3) p503-12 MJDNA, Viral; Epstein-Barr Virus; Genetic Marker MNAntigens, Viral /AN; Biotin; Herpesvirus Infections /DI /MI; Lymphocyte Transformation; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; RNA, Viral /AN; RNA /AN MCReview MTComparative Study; Human RN58-85-5 (Biotin) IS0272-2712 LAEnglish JCDLS SBM UI86003295 TINucleic acid hybridization in the diagnosis of viral infections. ABRecombinant DNA technology, including molecular cloning and nucleic acid hybridization, is now being applied to problems in clinical virology. Although viral isolation in cell culture remains the most sensitive and specific diagnostic test for many viruses, for some viruses, isolation in cell culture is lengthy or difficult or has not yet been achieved. Utilization of hybridization techniques has already resulted in important new information concerning the pathogenesis of a number of viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, and human papillomavirus. In addition, time to diagnosis for viruses such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and varicella-zoster virus can be significantly shortened to 36 to 48 hours, a great improvement over standard isolation with obvious importance for patient management. Hybridization techniques have also been applied to screening of antiviral agents. Although results of studies to date have been encouraging, significant problems remain to be solved before these techniques can be applied in a routine diagnostic laboratory. First, more sensitive assays must be developed. One approach is the generation of probes with higher specific activities. Synthesis of single-stranded probes using recombinant M13 bacteriophage as a template results in probes of higher specific activities that also cannot re-anneal to themselves because they are not complementary. Thus, more probe is available to anneal to sample DNA. Synthesis of cRNA probes that form more stable hybrids with DNA is another approach that is receiving attention. A second problem is reagent safety and stability. The most sensitive and commonly used label in the studies reviewed in this article has been 32P. With its half-life of 2 weeks, potential hazards to personnel, and disposal problems, it is probably not suitable for clinical laboratories. A major step in the development of nonradioactive, stable probes has been synthesis of biotinylated nucleotide analogues that can be efficiently incorporated into DNA or RNA. Biotinylated probes are stable for 1 to 2 years at -20 degrees C, and their use obviates the need for autoradiography, thus shortening reaction times. In addition, very high concentrations of probes can be used without the background problems encountered with radiolabels. To date, biotinylated probes have been significantly less sensitive than those labeled with 32P, but continued efforts to improve sensitivity have yielded promising results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) AULandry ML; Fong CK EM8601 SOClin Lab Med (United States), Sep 1985, 5(3) p513-29 MJDNA, Viral; Genetic Marker; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Virus Diseases MNBiotin; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Recombinant /DU; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; RNA, Viral /AN; Time Factors; Virion /AN; Virus Diseases /MI; Viruses /AN MCReview MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0272-2712 LAEnglish JCDLS SBM UI86003296 TIMonoclonal antibodies for bacterial identification and taxonomy: 1985 and beyond. ABContemporary bacterial serology relevant to medicine involves poly- and monoclonal antibodies to study pathogenic bacteria and nonpathogenic organisms useful in controlling infectious diseases. Monoclonal antibody applications include immunodiagnostics, prophylaxis and serotherapy, and microbial biotechnology and molecular immunochemistry. If used in parallel with antisera, the analytic potential of monoclonal antibodies is better realized. However, the entire range of advantages from the use of monoclonal antibodies can only be attained if the antibodies are well characterized. AUConway de Macario E; Macario AJ EM8601 SOClin Lab Med (United States), Sep 1985, 5(3) p531-44 MJAntibodies, Bacterial /IM; Antibodies, Monoclonal /IM; Bacteria /IM MNAntibodies, Bacterial /DU /IP /TU; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU /IP /TU; Antibody Specificity; Bacterial Infections /DI /IM /MI /TH; Bacteria /CL; Forecasting; Hybridomas /IM; Immune Sera /IM; Immunotherapy; Serology MCReview MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0272-2712 LAEnglish JCDLS SBM UI86003297 TIThe detection of streptococcal antigens using monoclonal antibodies. ABRecent advances in hybridoma technology have allowed the development of homogeneous immunologic reagents of defined specificity, activity, and reproducibility. During the last few years, the number of monoclonal antibodies directed against bacteria has increased exponentially, and research investigations have focused on the use of monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis and therapy of infectious diseases. Monoclonal antibody technology offers a rapid, specific diagnosis of bacterial infection, long before culture results are available. We have described the use of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of group B streptococcal (GBS) infections in mothers and infants at risk to develop invasive GBS disease. Specifically, we have used the anti-GBS monoclonal antibodies to detect GBS colonization, serotype bacterial isolates in the laboratory, and identify GBS antigens in body fluid specimens. We have also discussed the use of anti-GBS monoclonal antibodies to confer protection against fatal infection in mice. Monoclonal antibodies against group A streptococcus and Streptococcus pneumoniae have also been developed with the potential for the rapid diagnosis of serious and often life-threatening infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. With further refinements in monoclonal antibody technology in the future, streptococcal hybridomas may replace standard culture techniques for bacterial identification in the microbiology laboratory. AUHarris MC; Polin RA EM8601 SOClin Lab Med (United States), Sep 1985, 5(3) p545-60 MJAntibodies, Bacterial; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Bacterial; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus Agalactiae MNAdolescence; Adult; Antibodies, Bacterial /IM /TU; Antibodies, Monoclonal /IM /TU; Child; Immunologic Technics; Infant, Newborn, Diseases /DI /IM /OC; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Meningitis, Pneumococcal /ET; Mice; Pharyngitis /ET; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious /DI /IM /OC; Pregnancy; Streptococcal Infections /IM /PC /TH /TM; Streptococcus Pyogenes /IM; Streptococcus /IM; Tonsillitis /ET; United States MCReview MTAnimal; Female; Human IS0272-2712 LAEnglish JCDLS SBM UI86003298 TIUse of monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis and epidemiologic studies of legionellosis. ABThe routine use of monoclonal antibodies against L. pneumophila and other Legionellaceae has not yet reached the clinical microbiology laboratory. Most of these antibodies are still under evaluation and are not available commercially. However, it is obvious that some of them will be available in the next few years. Because of the numerous subtypes and serogroups of L. pneumophila already identified, extreme caution must be used before they are adopted routinely by a given laboratory. Testing against a large number of strains will have to be performed, and even then unidentified subtypes may not be recognized. Monoclonal antibodies against species-specific antigens of Legionella may prove to be the most useful for routine work, but once again a large number of strains will have to be tested before they are adopted. Under certain circumstances and especially in epidemiologic studies, well-chosen anti-L. pneumophila serogroup 1 monoclonal antibodies that define different subtypes may prove to be invaluable. This is currently the area in which the use of monoclonal antibodies against L. pneumophila is best defined. AUJoly JR; Ramsay D EM8601 SOClin Lab Med (United States), Sep 1985, 5(3) p561-74 MJAntibodies, Bacterial; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Legionella /IM; Legionnaires' Disease MNAntibodies, Bacterial /IM /IP; Antibodies, Monoclonal /IM /IP; Bacterial Infections /DI /IM /MI /OC; Ecology; Fever /ET; Legionella /CL /IP; Legionnaires' Disease /IM /MI /OC; Serotyping; World Health MCReview MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0272-2712 LAEnglish JCDLS SBM UI86003300 TIThe production of monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus and its clinical applications. ABThe availability of monoclonal antibodies against various viral components, either internal nucleoproteins or membrane proteins, has greatly advanced our understanding of the biochemistry of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The components responsible for serum neutralization have been identified by monoclonal antibodies, thus facilitating the development of synthetic RSV vaccine. A number of clinical tests have been devised using monoclonal antibodies for either qualitative or quantitative determination of the presence of RSV antigens. The practical procedures for the widely used indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are presented. Various commercial ELISA spectrophotometers and washers are also compared and evaluated. AUWu B EM8601 SOClin Lab Med (United States), Sep 1985, 5(3) p589-613 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Viral; Paramyxovirus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses /IM MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /IM /IP /TU; Antibodies, Viral /IM /IP /TU; Antibody Specificity; Antigens, Viral /IM; Cell Fusion; Cell Separation; Cells, Cultured; Cercopithecus aethiops; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay /IS /MT; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Freezing; Hybridomas /IM; Immune Sera; Mice; Nasopharynx /MI; Paramyxovirus Infections /IM /TH; Preservation, Biological; Rabbits; Rats; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses /GE /IP; Spectrophotometry /IS; Viral Proteins /IM; Viral Vaccines MCReview MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human IS0307-742X LAEnglish JCDL7 SBM UI86003301 TIOsteoarthritis. EM8601 SOClin Rheum Dis (England), Aug 1985, 11(2) p175-449 MJOsteoarthritis MTAnimal; Human IS0307-742X LAEnglish JCDL7 SBM UI86003302 TIOsteoarthritis as a public health problem. AUHadler NM EM8601 SOClin Rheum Dis (England), Aug 1985, 11(2) p175-85 MJOsteoarthritis; Public Health MNArm; Backache /ET; Hip Joint /RA; Knee Joint /RA; Leg; Middle Age; Neck; Osteoarthritis /CO /OC /RA; Pain /ET MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male IS0307-742X LAEnglish JCDL7 SBM UI86003303 TIEndemic forms of osteoarthritis. AUSokoloff L EM8601 IDAM17258-09 SOClin Rheum Dis (England), Aug 1985, 11(2) p187-202 MJOsteoarthritis MNAdult; Arthritis /FG; China; Dogs; India; Joints /PA; Knee Joint /PA; Korea; Osteoarthritis /ET /OC /PA; Osteochondritis /PA; Poultry; Rats; South Africa; Swine; USSR MCReview MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0307-742X LAEnglish JCDL7 SBM UI86003304 TIPathogenetic mechanisms in polyarticular osteoarthritis. ABThis communication has attempted to review causal processes in polyarticular osteoarthritis (poly-OA). Since mechanical features are an almost constant feature of OA joint deterioration, their interplay, both in static and dynamic form, has been stressed. Age-related polyarticular cartilage softening is expounded as an example of degeneration and atrophy--a process not to be confused with OA which is considered as an age-accelerated disorder. I have stressed the influence of genetic factors, best exemplified as a single gene aberration in the occurrence of Heberden's nodes, while a polygenetic interplay may be involved in other forms of hand GOA. These features may predispose an individual to polyarthropathy. The mechanisms by which such genetic factors promote such changes are unknown but attention is drawn to the lack of symptoms in osteoarthritic joints of many if not most poly-OA cases. This occurrence could represent a relative lack of normal proprioceptive feedback or an unusual tolerance to pain. Genetically determined influences marked by the occurrence of hand OA predispose mechanically deranged joints in that individual to deteriorate more rapidly. Mechanically abnormal joints do not inevitably deteriorate, but, in combination with other local and/or systemic factors (genetic, metabolic, hormonal or immune) may undergo accelerated degeneration to which process each additional factor may contribute. Thus in genetically predisposed poly-OA hand cases, local deformity combined with crystal deposition and laxity may provoke dramatic destruction and subluxation. Since mechanical features attend almost all OA joint disease, attention is drawn to a poorly recognized malformation of the knee denoted as dysplasia. Such deformities, well recognized at the hip and shoulder, could occur at other sites in which OA is commonly seen (i.e. DIP joints). Immune-complex deposition probably occurs from time to time in GOA joints. Such events may be associated with local inflammation and aggravate the degradation of cartilage. The available data indicate distinctive differences in the nature and form of such immunopathology to RA in which disease immune-complex deposition in cartilage may play an integral role in tissue destruction and chronic inflammation. AUCooke TD EM8601 SOClin Rheum Dis (England), Aug 1985, 11(2) p203-38 MJOsteoarthritis MNAged; Aging; Arthritis /CO; Arthropathy, Neurogenic /CO; Cartilage, Articular; Connective Tissue Diseases /CO; Crystallization; Fingers; Middle Age; Osteoarthritis /FG /IM /PA /RA MCReview MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0307-742X LAEnglish JCDL7 SBM UI86003305 TIArticular degeneration as a sequela of osteochondrodysplasias. AUStanescu V; Stanescu R; Maroteaux P EM8601 SOClin Rheum Dis (England), Aug 1985, 11(2) p239-70 MJJoint Diseases; Osteochondrodysplasias MNAdolescence; Adult; Cartilage Diseases /ET /PC; Cartilage, Articular /PA; Child; Femur Head /PA; Hip Joint /SU; Hip Prosthesis; Infant, Newborn; Middle Age; Osteochondrodysplasias /FG /PA /RA /SU MCReview MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN57-85-2 (Testosterone) IS0307-742X LAEnglish JCDL7 SBM UI86003307 TIEndocrine arthropathies. AUJohanson NA EM8601 SOClin Rheum Dis (England), Aug 1985, 11(2) p297-323 MJEndocrine Diseases; Joint Diseases MNAcromegaly /CO; Child; Chondrocalcinosis /ET; Cretinism /CO; Diabetes Mellitus /CO; Estrogens /PH; Hyperparathyroidism /CO; Hypothyroidism /CO; Mice; Middle Age; Osteoarthritis /ET /PA; Rabbits; Testosterone /PH MCReview MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male IS0307-742X LAEnglish JCDL7 SBM UI86003308 TIDiffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. AUUtsinger PD EM8601 SOClin Rheum Dis (England), Aug 1985, 11(2) p325-51 MJDiffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis /DI; Spinal Osteophytosis MNAdult; Aged; Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis /CO /ET /PA /TH; Middle Age MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male RN10086-45-0 (Calcium Pyrophosphate); 1306-06-5 (hydroxyapatite) IS0307-742X LAEnglish JCDL7 SBM UI86003309 TIInflammation in osteoarthritis. AUAltman RD; Gray R EM8601 SOClin Rheum Dis (England), Aug 1985, 11(2) p353-65 MJOsteoarthritis MNAnti-Inflammatory Agents /AE; Calcium Pyrophosphate /ME; Hand /PA; Hydroxyapatites /ME; Inflammation /ET; Osteoarthritis /CO /ME; Rabbits; Synovial Fluid /EN /ME; Synovial Membrane /ME MCReview MTAnimal; Human IS0307-742X LAEnglish JCDL7 SBM UI86003311 TIOsteoarthritis in the hand. ABPatients who have disabling osteoarthritis of the hand are frequently given the wrong diagnosis, poor professional advice and inadequate treatment programmes. The exact cause of primary osteoarthritis remains unknown; however, an interplay of genetic factors, mechanical factors and biomechanical alterations in cartilage seems to be important. The incidence of primary osteoarthritis in the general population is very high. These patients should receive the benefits of good professional advice and reconstructive surgery when necessary. They may respond very well to moderating their activities and simple physical and medical therapy methods. Patients with destructive joint disease in the digits can have excellent results with arthrodesis and implant arthroplasty for the DIP and PIP joints and with implant arthroplasty for the basal thumb joints. Surgical reconstruction is an important method in the rehabilitation of this group of individuals. The term 'osteoarthritis' is preferred to 'osteoarthrosis'. AUSwanson AB; de Groot Swanson G EM8601 SOClin Rheum Dis (England), Aug 1985, 11(2) p393-420 MJHand; Osteoarthritis MNAged; Arthrodesis; Finger Joint /SU; Joint Prosthesis; Metacarpophalangeal Joint /SU; Middle Age; Osteoarthritis /SU /TH; Thumb /SU MCReview MTFemale; Human IS0307-742X LAEnglish JCDL7 SBM UI86003312 TIDrug treatment of osteoarthritis. AUHuskisson EC; Doyle DV; Lanham JG EM8601 SOClin Rheum Dis (England), Aug 1985, 11(2) p421-31 MJOsteoarthritis MNAdrenal Cortex Hormones /AD /TU; Analgesics /TU; Anti-Inflammatory Agents /TU; Cartilage, Articular /DE; Dogs; Injections, Intra-Articular; Knee Joint /SU; Middle Age; Osteoarthritis /PC; Rats; Synovial Membrane /SU; Yttrium Radioisotopes /TU MCReview MTAnimal; Case Report; Human; Male IS0307-742X LAEnglish JCDL7 SBM UI86003313 TIPhysiatric management of osteoarthritis. AURudd E EM8601 SOClin Rheum Dis (England), Aug 1985, 11(2) p433-45 MJOsteoarthritis /RH; Physical Therapy MNAged; Back; Cold /TU; Exercise Therapy; Foot; Hand; Heat /TU; Hip Joint /PP; Hip Prosthesis; Knee Joint /PP; Knee Prosthesis; Middle Age; Neck; Osteoarthritis /PP /SU; Pain /TH; Spinal Diseases /TH MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male IS0010-0277 LAEnglish JCDMH UI86003314 TIPsychology and epistemology: the place versus response controversy. AUAmundson R EM8601 SOCognition (Switzerland), Jul 1985, 20(2) p127-53 MJBehaviorism; Cognition; Psychological Theory; Psychology MNHistory of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Learning; Psychology /HI; Rats; Research Design /ST; Spatial Behavior; United States MCHistorical Article MTAnimal IS0010-0277 LAEnglish JCDMH UI86003315 TIOn considerations of method and theory governing the use of clinical categories in neurolinguistics and cognitive neuropsychology: the case against agrammatism. AUBadecker W; Caramazza A EM8601 IDNS14099; NS07402 SOCognition (Switzerland), Jul 1985, 20(2) p97-125 MJAphasia; Linguistics; Neuropsychology MNBrain /PP; Models, Theoretical; Psycholinguistics MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN58-08-2 (Caffeine); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003316 TINutritional and lifestyle approaches to the prevention and management of hypertension. ABWe have been encouraged by the growing interest in nutrition and lifestyle for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. While no proven means for preventing hypertension exist, epidemiologic data have identified risk factors for hypertension. We have attempted to outline a reasonable program based on knowledge of risk factors for hypertension on one hand vs. the lack of data that hypertension can be prevented on the other. Managing patients who have hypertension with nondrug strategies is a different matter. First, more evidence is available indicating effectiveness for reducing a high pressure than for preventing a normotensive person from becoming hypertensive. Secondly, hypertension is a risk factor for premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Thus, the risk-to-benefit ratio from intervening is tipped toward probability of benefit. Many of the nondrug therapies have been presented. It is unreasonable to expect a patient to adhere to every one. Therefore, patients with uncomplicated, newly diagnosed borderline and mild hypertension are given the range of modalities available and assisted in choosing those best suited to their lifestyle. The nondrug efforts are tried for three to six months in patients with uncomplicated mild hypertension. We advocate evaluating responses to the nondrug approaches with blood pressures measured both in and outside the office. Blood pressures measured by the patient at work and rest have been very valuable in our practice. If no antihypertensive benefit is seen, then most of these patients receive standard antihypertensive drugs. For those who have complete or partial success, the nondrug efforts are continued or reinforced with follow-up every three to six months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUEgan B EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Aug 1985, 11(8) p15-20 MJDiet; Hypertension /PC; Life Style MNAlcohol Drinking; Blood Pressure; Caffeine /AD; Calcium, Dietary /AD; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Dietary Fats /AD; Exertion; Hypertension /ET; Obesity /CO; Physical Fitness; Potassium /AD; Risk; Smoking; Sodium Chloride /AD MTHuman RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003317 TIDietary habits and blood chemistry levels of the stress-prone individual: the hot reactor. AUMcKinney ME; Witte H EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Aug 1985, 11(8) p21-8 MJDiet; Stress, Psychological /ET; Stress /ET MNCholesterol /BL; Hypercholesterolemia /ET; Hypertension /ET; Middle Age; Stress, Psychological /BL /PX; Stress /BL /PX; Triglycerides /BL; Vitamins /TU MTHuman; Male IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003318 TIAging and nutrition. AUChernoff R; Lipschitz DA EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Aug 1985, 11(8) p29-34 MJAging; Nutrition Disorders /ET; Nutrition MNAged; Body Composition; Body Height; Body Weight; Chronic Disease; Dietary Proteins /AD; Middle Age; Nutrition Disorders /DI; Nutritional Requirements; Osteoporosis /CO; Vitamins /TU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003319 TICardiovascular risks from very low calorie diets. AURudd P EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Aug 1985, 11(8) p3-6 MJCaloric Intake; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet, Reducing MNAdult; Aged; Arrhythmia /ET; Body Weight; Dietary Proteins /AE; Food, Formulated /AE; Middle Age; Obesity /DH; Risk MTFemale; Human; Male IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003320 TICalories and chemically induced tumors in rodents. AUKritchevsky D EM8601 IDHL-00734 SOCompr Ther (United States), Aug 1985, 11(8) p35-9 MJCaloric Intake; Neoplasms, Experimental MNAnimal Nutrition; Dietary Fats /AD; Diet; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Rats; Skin Neoplasms /CI MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7439-89-6 (Iron) IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003321 TIIron deficiency and its functional consequences. AUScrimshaw NS EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Aug 1985, 11(8) p40-4 MJAnemia, Hypochromic MNAdolescence; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic /PP /TH; Body Temperature Regulation; Child, Preschool; Child; Cognition Disorders /ET; Diet; Immunologic Diseases /ET; Infant; Iron /TU; Physical Endurance; Pregnancy MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003322 TIGastrointestinal dysfunction in the critically ill: nutritional implications. ABParenteral therapy is frequently indicated for initial repletion in the severely malnourished patient. Attention should be paid to the nutrients required for initial repletion based on the patient's metabolic needs at the time of therapy, as well as allowance for adequate calories for repletion of body and muscle mass. After the initiation of parenteral therapy and the adequate replacement of fluids and electrolytes, slow introduction of oral or enteric feeding is reasonable. This probably is best handled initially by the use of a nasogastric or nasoenteric feeding tube. However, if the patient willingly ingests oral feedings, the oral route is certainly favorable. Close attention should be paid to the adequacy of gastric emptying. Symptoms of abdominal bloating and diarrhea may require modification of the rate at which oral intake is progressing. AUWilson JA EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Aug 1985, 11(8) p45-53 MJEnteral Feeding; Nutrition Disorders /TH; Parenteral Feeding MNColitis, Ulcerative /TH; Critical Care; Crohn Disease /TH; Fistula /TH; Gastric Emptying; Gastritis /TH; Gastrointestinal Diseases /TH; Intestinal Fistula /TH; Intestinal Obstruction /TH; Intestine, Small /PP; Intestines /BS; Ischemia /TH; Nutrition Disorders /ET /PP; Pancreas /PP; Pancreatitis /TH; Stomach Ulcer /TH; Stomach /PP; Stress /TH MTHuman IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003323 TIMalnutrition in the elderly: its recognition and treatment. ABMalnutrition plays a critical role in morbidity and mortality of the elderly. It is unacceptable to deny any patient, regardless of age, adequate nutrition when there are so many alternate methods of nutritional rehabilitation. Healthcare professionals must be concerned with the important role of nutritional therapy in the overall management of the elderly. It is extremely important to maintain the patient's nutritional status throughout periods of stress, disease, injury, and during periods of recovery. In developing a nutritional support plan, the clinician must consider the degree of malnutrition; the degree of hypermetabolism and specific organ dysfunction; the goals of nutritional therapy; and the route of nutrient delivery. The clinician must recognize the earliest signs of malnutrition and should be acquainted with the modalities of nutritional intervention to repair the deficit and prevent further deterioration. Another important consideration is that malnutrition is frequently a systemic manifestation of disease. Therapeutic nutritional support is cost-effective, reduces morbidity, and saves lives. AUTomaiolo PP EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Aug 1985, 11(8) p54-8 MJNutrition Disorders MNAged; Caloric Intake; Enteral Feeding; Nutrition Disorders /TH; Nutritional Requirements; Protein-Calorie Malnutrition /DI /TH MTHuman IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003324 TICompliance in dietary management of hypertension. ABRelapse is a problem common to all behavior-change programs, including weight-reduction and salt-restriction programs. The process of relapse can be understood in the context of the way that emotional, social, and environmental forces impinge upon the individual's behavior. The data on compliance suggest that behavior modification programs are moderately efficient in producing changes in eating behavior. Relapse prevention programs are recommended as part of a dietary approach to the treatment of hypertension to increase treatment efficiency. If these programs are implemented using a group format, then these services can be delivered to patients at a reasonable cost. AUSchlundt DG; McDonel EC; Langford HG EM8601 ID2 RO1 HL24369; 1 RO1 HL25194 SOCompr Ther (United States), Aug 1985, 11(8) p59-66 MJHypertension; Patient Compliance MNBehavior Therapy; Body Weight; Diet, Reducing; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Feeding Behavior; Follow-Up Studies; Hypertension /PX MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003325 TIMetabolic complications and deficiencies of parenteral nutrition. AUWolk R EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Aug 1985, 11(8) p67-75 MJParenteral Feeding; Parenteral Hyperalimentation MNAcidosis /ET; Alkalosis /ET; Bone Diseases, Metabolic /ET; Hypercalcemia /ET; Hyperglycemia /ET; Hyperkalemia /ET; Hyperlipoproteinemia /ET; Hypocalcemia /ET; Hypoglycemia /ET; Hypokalemia /ET; Liver Diseases /ET; Magnesium Deficiency /ET; Respiratory Insufficiency /ET; Trace Elements /DF MCReview MTHuman IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003326 TINutrition and the elderly: helping the elderly help themselves. AUMcCauley KM; Nelson RA EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Aug 1985, 11(8) p8-14 MJAged; Nutrition Disorders; Nutrition MNNutrition Disorders /PX /TH; Nutritional Requirements; Risk; Social Support; United States MTHuman IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003327 TICarcinoma of the esophagus and cardia: current methods of treatment. AUEllis FH Jr EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Sep 1985, 11(9) p10-5 MJEsophageal Neoplasms /TH; Stomach Neoplasms /TH MNCardia /SU; Esophageal Neoplasms /SU; Stomach Neoplasms /SU MTHuman; Male IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003328 TIConservative management of breast cancer by lumpectomy and radiation. AULobo PA; Khan FR EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Sep 1985, 11(9) p16-25 MJBreast Neoplasms /TH MNAdult; Axilla; Breast Neoplasms /RT /SU; Combined Modality Therapy; Lymph Node Excision; Lymphatic Metastasis; Middle Age; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local MCReview MTFemale; Human RN7488-70-2 (Thyroxine); 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin); 9010-34-8 (Thyroglobulin) IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003329 TITreatment of thyroid cancer. AUBlahd WH EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Sep 1985, 11(9) p26-32 MJThyroid Neoplasms /TH MNCattle; Iodine Radioisotopes /AE /TU; Radiotherapy Dosage; Thyroglobulin /TU; Thyroid Neoplasms /DT /RI /RT /SU; Thyrotropin /TU; Thyroxine /TU MTAnimal; Human IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003330 TIDiagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules. AUCrile G Jr EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Sep 1985, 11(9) p33-6 MJGoiter, Nodular /TH MNBiopsy, Needle; Goiter, Nodular /DI /ET /SU; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced /TH; Thyroidectomy MTHuman RN29883-15-6 (Amygdalin); 50-81-7 (Ascorbic Acid) IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003331 TIUnconventional cancer therapy. AURoss WE EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Sep 1985, 11(9) p37-43 MJNeoplasms /TH MNAmygdalin /TU; Ascorbic Acid /TU; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms /DH /DT /IM /PX MTHuman IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003332 TIPsychosocial considerations in the treatment of leukemia. AUGonda TA; Ruark JE EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Sep 1985, 11(9) p44-9 MJLeukemia /PX MNAdult; Age Factors; Antineoplastic Agents /AE /TU; Informed Consent; Leukemia /DT /TH; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male RN57-22-7 (Vincristine) IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003333 TINeuromuscular syndromes associated with cancer. AUWhelan HT EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Sep 1985, 11(9) p50-7 MJNeoplasms; Neuromuscular Diseases MNAntineoplastic Agents /AE; Cachexia /ET; Dermatomyositis /ET; Muscular Diseases /ET; Myositis /ET; Paraneoplastic Syndromes /CO; Peripheral Nerve Diseases /CI /ET; Radiotherapy /AE; Syndrome; Vincristine /AE MTHuman IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003334 TILong-term effects of cancer chemotherapy. ABAs the management of advanced malignancy with multimodality therapy becomes more successful, the practicing general physician will see more chronic and late sequelae of therapy in the cured cancer patient. Chronic or late toxicities may occur in nearly every organ system. This article has briefly described the most common late toxicities that the practicing internist, pediatrician, family physician, and obstetrician/gynecologist should be prepared to recognize. AUSunnenberg TD; Kramer B EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Sep 1985, 11(9) p58-67 MJAntineoplastic Agents; Neoplasms /DT MNAdolescence; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents /TU; Gastrointestinal Diseases /CI; Germ Cells /DE; Heart Diseases /CI; Infertility /CI; Kidney Diseases /CI; Libido /DE; Lung Diseases /CI; Neoplasms /CI; Nervous System Diseases /CI; Skin Diseases /CI MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003335 TICancer screening: the primary care physician's role. AUHelms SR; Weiner RS EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Sep 1985, 11(9) p6-9 MJNeoplasms /PC; Primary Health Care MNAdult; Middle Age; Neoplasms /DI; Primary Prevention MTFemale; Human IS0098-8243 LAEnglish JCDMZ SBM UI86003336 TICaring for patients with cancer: how stressful is it for the physician? AULopez JA; Meyer C EM8601 SOCompr Ther (United States), Sep 1985, 11(9) p68-70 MJNeoplasms; Physician-Patient Relations; Stress, Psychological MNQuestionnaires; Texas MTHuman RN9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0174-173X LAEnglish JCDM2 SBM UI86003345 TIIsolation and partial characterization of precursors to minor cartilage collagens. ABSuspension cultures of cartilage cells were prepared from 17-day chick embryo sterna and radiolabeled with [14C]-proline under conditions which sought to minimize proteolytic conversion of procollagen to collagen. Collagenous proteins were isolated from the culture medium and cell fraction, were purified in their native state by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and were characterized by protease susceptibility, SDS-gel-filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Qualitatively, the precursor components present in the medium were similar to those in the cell extract; quantitatively, it appeared that the minor cartilage collagen precursor components derived from 1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha and type IX collagens were more prevalent in the cell extract. SDS-PAGE of unreduced samples showed that precursors to both of these collagens migrated as distinct high-molecular-weight aggregates. After chymotrypsin digestion, unreduced type IX collagen migrated as two disulfide-bonded aggregates--a large one (Mr approximately 210K) and a small one (Mr approximately 43K); whereas 1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha chains migrated identically whether reduced or unreduced. Reduction of undigested type IX aggregate yielded two components of Mr approximately 97K and 78K; whereas reduction of the chymotrypsin resistant 210K and 43 K aggregates gave a single component of Mr approximately 61K and a component which migrated at the dye front, respectively. The molecular origin of these components was confirmed by differential NaCl precipitation. It was concluded that this culture system synthesized precursors to 1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha and type IX collagens in addition to type II; type X collagen was not detected even though the 17-day sternum contained a population of cells morphologically similar to hypertrophic chondrocytes. The precursor chains to 1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha collagen had an apparent Mr greater than pro-alpha (II) and could be isolated as a disulfide-bonded aggregate(s); the precursor chains to type IX collagen had an apparent Mr less than pro alpha (II) and could also be isolated as a disulfide-bonded aggregate. All of the cartilage collagen precursors had protease-susceptible regions, but those in type IX appeared to be more sensitive to pepsin than to chymotrypsin. AUClark CC; Richards CF EM8601 IDAM-32481; AM-20553; AM-13812 SOColl Relat Res (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 5(3) p205-23 MJCartilage; Collagen; Protein Precursors MNCells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Chromatography; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Molecular Weight; Protein Conformation MCReview MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN541-09-3 (uranyl acetate); 7440-61-1 (Uranium); 9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0174-173X LAEnglish JCDM2 SBM UI86003346 TIIn vitro formation of fine fibrils with a D-periodic banding pattern from type V collagen. ABType V collagen was isolated from human placenta by limited pepsin treatment and purified by salt fractionation. A solution of type V collagen was dialyzed at 4 degrees C against phosphate-buffered saline or against 0.02 M Na2HPO4. Aggregates formed under these in vitro conditions from a pure type V collagen solution were examined by electron microscopy. The aggregates were fine flexible fibrils. The fibrils formed during incubation at 25 degrees C were of relatively uniform diameter, 34.8 +/- 9.1 nm and did not show an axial banding pattern. When the specimen was incubated at 37 degrees C, the fibrils were of slightly larger diameter, 38.2 +/- 9.1 nm and almost all the fibrils had the axial repeat pattern of 67 nm. The ability of type V collagen to form banding fibrils is discussed in relation in the localization of the collagen in tissues. AUAdachi E; Hayashi T EM8601 SOColl Relat Res (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 5(3) p225-32 MJCollagen; Placenta MNBasement Membrane /AN; Microscopy, Electron; Pregnancy; Protein Conformation; Uranium MTFemale; Human IS0174-173X LAEnglish JCDM2 SBM UI86003347 TIImmunochemical characterization of type IV procollagen from anterior lens capsule. ABBasement membrane collagen from bovine anterior lens capsules (ALC) was isolated by a non-degradative procedure and characterized. The material was obtained by extracting the ALC with 0.5 M acetic acid, passing the extract through a DEAE-cellulose column, collecting and concentrating the unbound fraction. Amino acid and carbohydrate analysis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and rotary shadowing electron microscopy showed the purified extract to have the characteristics of basement membrane procollagen. Examination by rotary shadowing revealed the material to consist of type IV procollagen-like tetramers in various degrees of aggregation. When this purified procollagen was injected into rabbits, antibody of high titer and specificity was obtained. The competitive ELISA was then used to demonstrate lack of reactivity of the antibody with collagen types I, II, III and V and fibronectin. The electroimmunoblot technique was used to demonstrate lack of reactivity with laminin. Competition with collagenase resistant fragments of type IV procollagen representing the carboxyl terminal domain (NCI) and the 7-S domain, as well as with a pepsin-resistant alpha 1 (IV)125K chain was markedly weaker as compared to the native type IV procollagen molecule. AUBrinker JM; Pegg MT; Howard PS; Kefalides NA EM8601 IDAM-20553; HL-29492 SOColl Relat Res (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 5(3) p233-44 MJLens Capsule, Crystalline; Lens, Crystalline; Procollagen MNAntigenic Determinants /IP; Basement Membrane /IM; Cattle; Cross Reactions; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Immunochemistry; Protein Conformation MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0174-173X LAEnglish JCDM2 SBM UI86003348 TIHigh post-translational modification levels in type II procollagen are not a consequence of slow triple-helix formation. ABThe kinetics of triple helix formation of newly synthesized type II procollagen in chick embryo sternal cartilage cells were determined. The data obtained were in agreement with a model for triple helix formation in cellulo proposed recently (Bruckner et al., 1981). The time required to produce fully triple helical type II procollagen in cartilage cells was only 30% longer than for type I procollagen in tendon cells. Therefore, the several-fold increase in post-translational modification observed for type II collagen as compared to type I collagen cannot be attributed solely to slow helix formation but rather is a result of higher levels of enzymic activity of post-translational modification present in cartilage cells. AUKeller H; Eikenberry EF; Winterhalter KH; Bruckner P EM8601 SOColl Relat Res (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 5(3) p245-51 MJProcollagen; Protein Processing, Post-Translational MNCartilage /ME; Chick Embryo; Kinetics; Protein Conformation; Tendons /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0174-173X LAEnglish JCDM2 SBM UI86003349 TIElectron microscopic demonstration of acid-labile, 4D-staggered intermolecular association of collagen formed in vitro. ABThe formation of acid-labile, unidirectional, and 4D-staggered dimers and polymers of collagen molecules in solutions at pH 4.0 and 4.5 has been demonstrated under the electron microscope. Collagen molecules extracted from lathyritic rat skin was dialyzed from 0.5 M acetic acid sequentially against 5-10 mM acetate buffer (pH 4-4.5) at 4 degrees C for 3-4 days, 0.3% glutaraldehyde in the same buffers for further 2 days, 0.5 M acetic acid, and then against 0.2% ATP X Na2/0.1 M acetic acid. Fibrous, unidirectional segment-long-spacing (SLS) forms were observed with 0.4D overlap between adjacent segments. Such a form was not observed when glutaraldehyde fixation step was omitted or when SLS was formed directly from the acidic solution; in both cases, monomeric SLS was only observed. It is concluded that collagen molecules, dispersed monomeric in acidic pH, form unidirectional linear dimers or polymers in which the molecules are associated with 0.4D overlap (4D stagger) at pH 4-4.5. AUKobayashi K; Ito T; Hoshino T EM8601 SOColl Relat Res (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 5(3) p253-60 MJCollagen MNHydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lathyrism /ME; Microscopy, Electron; Polymers /IP; Protein Conformation; Rats; Skin /AN MTAnimal RN9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0174-173X LAEnglish JCDM2 SBM UI86003350 TISpecific binding of collagen to Staphylococcus aureus. ABIn this study the specific binding of soluble type I collagen to several strains of Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. Both type I procollagen and soluble, pepsin-treated, lathyritic rat skin type I collagen bound to these bacteria in a manner which could be blocked by the addition of gelatin to the binding assay. Saturation binding studies showed more than one class of binding sites for [125 I]-lathyritic rat skin collagen to be present with each bacterium of the Cowan I strain containing approximately 135 high affinity sites with an apparent KA of 2.3 X 10(7)M-1. Like Cowan I strain, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain 25923 also bound type I collagen. IgG inhibited collagen binding in a dose dependent manner. This observation together with the finding that the protein A-deficient Wood strain did not bind collagen suggested that protein A might be the collagen binding site. However, failure of protein A-Sepharose to bind soluble collagen or protein A in solution to inhibit binding of collagen to Cowan I cells suggests that bacterial protein A does not mediate the binding. Addition of fibronectin to the binding assay did not affect the level of collagen binding, suggesting a) that the collagen binding site is different from the fibronectin binding site and b) that fibronectin does not mediate the binding of collagen to these cells. These results demonstrate a new example of bacterial binding to an extracellular matrix protein and suggest a possible mechanism whereby Staphylococcus aureus may adhere to mammalian tissue. AUHolderbaum D; Spech RA; Ehrhart LA EM8601 IDHL-29582 SOColl Relat Res (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 5(3) p261-71 MJCollagen; Staphylococcus aureus MNBinding Sites; Cell Membrane /ME; Extracellular Matrix /ME; Fibronectins /ME; Lathyrism /ME; Protein Binding; Rats; Skin /ME; Staphylococcal Protein A /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (osteocalcin); 53445-96-8 (1-Carboxyglutamic Acid) IS0174-173X LAEnglish JCDM2 SBM UI86003351 TIImmunolocalization of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid containing proteins in developing rat bones. ABThe localization of a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-containing protein, BGP (also called osteocalcin) was examined in developing calvaria, alveolar bones and long bones of newborn rats by immunostaining with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. In undemineralized tissues osteoblasts of intramembranous bones stained positive; osteoid was negative, whereas young mineralized bone stained weakly. After a mild demineralization all bones stained positive; no staining was found in cartilage, muscles or soft connective tissues. In addition to the osteoblasts, osteocytes were also immunoreactive. Osteoclasts, identified by a subsequent staining for acid phosphatase activity, demonstrated no immunostaining for BGP. These data support the hypothesis that BGP is synthesized by osteoblasts and osteocytes and is subsequently deposited in the mineralizing bone. AUBronckers AL; Gay S; Dimuzio MT; Butler WT EM8601 IDDE-05092; DE-02670; FO5 TWO3528 SOColl Relat Res (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 5(3) p273-81 MJBone and Bones /ME; Calcium-Binding Proteins /ME MN1-Carboxyglutamic Acid /IM /ME; Animals, Newborn; Bone and Bones /IM; Calcium-Binding Proteins /IM; Histocytochemistry; Immunochemistry; Minerals /ME; Osteoblasts /IM /ME; Osteoclasts /IM /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0174-173X LAEnglish JCDM2 SBM UI86003352 TIFibroblast chemotaxis. AUAlbini A; Adelmann-Grill BC; Muller PK EM8601 SOColl Relat Res (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 5(3) p283-96 MJChemotaxis; Fibroblasts MNChemotactic Factors /PH; Extracellular Matrix /PH; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor /PH; Wound Healing MCReview MTAnimal; Human; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (DMF protocol); 23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil) IS0301-5661 LAEnglish JCDNF SBM UI86003353 TIReport on caries reduction in French schoolchildren 3 years after the introduction of a preventive program. ABA combination of preventive methods have been used to reduce dental caries in children aged 7-8 at baseline, living in a non-fluoridated area in the West of France. The preventive program involved a daily supervised toothbrushing at school with 180 mg of fluoridated toothpaste, professional prophylaxis every 2 months with topical application of fluoride gel and reinforced motivation. The oral hygiene level was measured using the Silness-Loe plaque index and caries were recorded using the def and DMF surface indices, including incipient lesions. The 3-yr results showed a significant 52% plaque reduction in the test group compared with the control group. Caries reduction was significant at the 0.01% level: 44% for primary teeth and 60% for permanent teeth. AUKerebel LM; Le Cabellec MT; Daculsi G; Kerebel B EM8601 SOCommunity Dent Oral Epidemiol (Denmark), Aug 1985, 13(4) p201-4 MJDental Caries /PC; School Dentistry MNChild; Dental Caries /OC; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Prophylaxis; Doxorubicin; Fluorides, Topical /AD; Fluorides /AD; Fluorouracil; France; Mitomycins; Time Factors; Toothbrushing; Toothpaste MTHuman IS0301-5661 LAEnglish JCDNF SBM UI86003354 TIThe ╥spread of effect' of a school based dental health education project. ABA study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of a school based dental health education programme (╥Natural Nashers') upon the families of adolescents receiving the programme. Interviews with 73 randomly selected parents were conducted. One group (n = 35) had a child who had recently received the programme, the other (n = 38) had not. During the interview they were asked if they or other family members (apart from the programme recipient) had changed their dental behaviour or received any new dental information in the previous 2 months. Changes in behaviour were reported from 12 parents in the study group compared with seven in the control. Twenty two parents from the study group reported receiving new dental information in the family compared with four in the control group. The information and reported changes in behaviour related primarily to aspects of disclosing. In 80% of these cases of change or new information in the study group the source was an adolescent who had recently been taught ╥Natural Nashers'. AUCroucher R; Rodgers AI; Humpherson WA; Crush L EM8601 SOCommunity Dent Oral Epidemiol (Denmark), Aug 1985, 13(4) p205-7 MJFamily; Health Education, Dental; Oral Hygiene; School Dentistry MNAdolescence; Behavior; Parent-Child Relations; Random Allocation MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (DMF protocol); 23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 39456-59-2 (Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride); 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil); 7681-49-4 (Sodium Fluoride) IS0301-5661 LAEnglish JCDNF SBM UI86003355 TIComparison of dental prophylaxis and toothbrushing prior to topical APF applications. ABThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dental prophylaxis prior to the topical application of acidulated phosphate fluoride solution applied twice a year in schoolchildren. Experimental groups were: Group I--control group, had no treatment. Group II--twice yearly topical application of acidulated phosphate fluoride solution with prior professional prophylaxis with rubber cup and non fluoride paste. Group III--twice yearly topical application of acidulated phosphate fluoride solution with prior toothbrushing with a non-fluoridated prophy paste. After 18 months analysis of 160 children in each study group led to the following conclusions: 1. Acidulated phosphate fluoride topical applications are effective in the prevention of dental caries. 2. The omission of a professional prophylaxis prior to topical fluoride application does not affect significantly the caries preventive effect. AUBijella MF; Bijella VT; Lopes ES; Bastos JR EM8601 SOCommunity Dent Oral Epidemiol (Denmark), Aug 1985, 13(4) p208-11 MJAcidulated Phosphate Fluoride; Dental Caries; Dental Prophylaxis; Fluorides, Topical; Sodium Fluoride; Toothbrushing MNChild; Dental Plaque Index; Doxorubicin; Fluorouracil; Mitomycins MTComparative Study; Human IS0301-5661 LAEnglish JCDNF SBM UI86003356 TISociodemographic correlates of dental anxiety. ABIn a survey comprising 620 30-40-yr-old inhabitants of a Dutch town, dental anxiety was measured along with some sociodemographic variables. The data were analyzed in an attempt to reveal associations between sociodemographically determined groups of respondents and their scores on the different measurements of dental anxiety. Women reported higher dental anxiety levels than men, with the exception of body damage anticipation anxiety. The rank order of birth seemed to have no influence. Divorced men and women reported a higher anxiety level on two of the anxiety measurements, but the association appeared to be weak. A lower level of education, irregular dental attendance, and edentulousness appeared to be associated with a higher level of dental anxiety. AUSchuurs AH; Duivenvoorden HJ; Thoden van Velzen SK; Verhage F; Eijkman MA; Makkes PC EM8601 SOCommunity Dent Oral Epidemiol (Denmark), Aug 1985, 13(4) p212-5 MJAnxiety; Dental Care; Social Conditions MNAdult; Anxiety /PX; Birth Order; Demography; Educational Status; Jaw, Edentulous, Partially /PX; Marriage; Netherlands; Patient Compliance; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (DMF protocol); 23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil) IS0301-5661 LAEnglish JCDNF SBM UI86003357 TIInconsistencies in a nationwide caries recording system. ABThe Danish nationwide oral health registration system is a system where information is collected by many observers. As the registration system has been the basis for several papers, an estimation of the consistency of its information seems relevant. The present study attempted to determine types and frequencies of inconsistencies in the caries recordings of the system, expressed as reversals in tooth or surface status. Recordings from two subsequent registrations of a random sample of 2189 individuals were compared surface by surface, in all, 209 791 surfaces. The overall frequency of impossible changes in tooth status for permanent teeth was 0.9%, varying from 0.3% for molars to 2.8% for premolars. The frequency of impossible changes in surface score from first to second recording were 5.8% for the primary and 5.9% for the permanent dentition. The frequency varied with both tooth surface and score at first examination. AUHeidmann J EM8601 SOCommunity Dent Oral Epidemiol (Denmark), Aug 1985, 13(4) p216-8 MJData Collection; Dental Caries /OC MNChild; Data Collection /ST; Denmark; Dental Caries /DI; Doxorubicin; Fluorouracil; Mitomycins; Random Allocation MTHuman RN57-50-1 (Sucrose) IS0301-5661 LAEnglish JCDNF SBM UI86003358 TIValidity of a dietary interviewing method for use in caries prevention. ABA suitable method for determining the usual diet of an individual is a prerequisite for dietary counseling in caries prevention. The purpose of this study was to develop a method that was able to obtain relevant information on the dietary habits of an individual and to test the validity of this method. During a series of interviews a dietary history interview was therefore developed with special emphasis on dietary factors known to be important in caries etiology, such as frequency of eating and frequency and duration of sugar intake at meals and in-between meals. The validity of the method with regard to caries-related factors was tested by interviewing 49 caries-active and 55 caries-inactive 14-yr-old Danish schoolchildren. It was possible to detect a higher frequency of food intake and a more frequent and long-lasting use of sugar in the caries-active group. No difference was found in the consumption of sticky sugars between the two groups. With the present method it should be possible to pinpoint dietary problems in caries-active persons, so that dietary advice can be given in quantitative terms. AUHolund U ; Theilade E; Poulsen S EM8601 SOCommunity Dent Oral Epidemiol (Denmark), Aug 1985, 13(4) p219-21 MJDental Caries; Diet, Cariogenic; Interviews MNAdolescence; Data Collection /ST; Dietary Carbohydrates /AE; Sucrose /AE MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0301-5661 LAEnglish JCDNF SBM UI86003359 TIComparison between standardized periapical and bitewing radiographs in assessing alveolar bone loss. ABReadability and alveolar bone level were compared in 455 sets of standardized radiographs each consisting of four periapical (PA) and two bitewing (BW) films. BW radiographs showed significantly higher proportions of unreadable sites in the canines and the mesial surface of first premolars (P less than 0.0001), while PA radiographs exhibited significantly higher proportions of unreadable sites in the distal surface of second molars (P less than 0.0001). Alveolar bone level was assessable in a total of 10016 sites, and the comparison showed identical readings in 82% of the sites. In the maxilla, a significantly higher proportion of sites exhibited larger bone loss measurements (P less than 0.0001) and more sites with significantly higher mean values (P less than 0.005) in BW than in PA films. Mandibular sites showed the opposite trend. The majority of the sites revealed a Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) ranging between 0.60 and 0.82. No significant difference between mean bone loss measurements in the two types of radiographs for all the sites was found. It was concluded that the two radiographic techniques may be used interchangeably in epidemiologic studies. AUAlbandar JM; Abbas DK; Waerhaug M; Gjermo P EM8601 SOCommunity Dent Oral Epidemiol (Denmark), Aug 1985, 13(4) p222-5 MJAlveolar Process; Bone Resorption; Radiography, Dental MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Mandible; Maxilla; Middle Age; Periapical Tissue /RA MTComparative Study; Human RN0 (DMF protocol); 23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil) IS0301-5661 LAEnglish JCDNF SBM UI86003360 TIMultiple regression analysis of dental status and related food behaviour of French Canadian adolescents. ABVariables included in a theoretical model of the caries process have been studied in an adolescent population. Four multiple regression analyses were performed to uncover significant explanatory factors for: DMF(T) index, plaque index, frequency of sweets consumption between meals and frequency of sweets consumption at meals. Each analysis produced a significant R2 explaining respectively 29%, 15%, 74% and 62% of the variance. The results demonstrated the contribution of the different factors included in the proposed model. They suggested that plaque index was by far the most significant factor of the DMF(T) index. Sweets consumption was a significant determinant of caries experience independent of any relation to plaque index. Adolescent girls, even with less plaque accumulation, had a higher caries index than boys of the same age. Parent's education was related to dental status of children at time of adolescence. AULachapelle-Harvey D; Sevigny J EM8601 SOCommunity Dent Oral Epidemiol (Denmark), Aug 1985, 13(4) p226-9 MJAdolescent Behavior; Food Habits; Oral Health MNAdolescence; Child; Dental Plaque Index; Diet, Cariogenic; Doxorubicin; Fluorouracil; France /EH; Mitomycins; Models, Biological; Quebec; Regression Analysis MTFemale; Human; Male IS0301-5661 LAEnglish JCDNF SBM UI86003361 TICaries prevalence in Icelandic children in 1970 and 1983. ABIn the autumn of 1983 a clinical survey was carried out on 756 children aged 6-14 yr, residing in three non-fluoridated communities in Iceland. The aim of the survey was to assess what changes, if any, in caries prevalence may have taken place as a result of the provision of free dental restorative services for these children since 1974. The 1983 prevalence data were compared with data obtained from a caries survey conducted in 1970 in the same areas in Iceland. The same examiner performed all examinations in both studies. Although considerable increase was noted in number of filled teeth with a corresponding decrease in carious and missing teeth, a statistically significant change in caries prevalence, (dft, dfs, DMFT, DMFS) did not manifest itself. The dfs and DMFS in 1983 was 8.9 and 9.5, respectively, compared to 8.5 and 10.4 in 1970. Over 90% of the toothpaste used in Iceland during the 1970's contained fluoride. The children in the three study areas had not been provided with any public preventive programs. AUMoller P EM8601 SOCommunity Dent Oral Epidemiol (Denmark), Aug 1985, 13(4) p230-4 MJDental Caries MNAdolescence; Child; DMF Index; Iceland MTFemale; Human; Male IS0301-5661 LAEnglish JCDNF SBM UI86003362 TIEpidemiologic characteristics of dental caries: relation of DMFT and DMFS to proportion of children with DMF teeth. ABThe relation of the age-specific mean DMFT and mean DMFS to the age-specific proportion of children with DMF teeth has been studied using the original data of Knutson and data of a recent Finnish material. When studying the relationship between the mean DMFT (x) and the proportion of children with DMF teeth (y), three models of regression were compared. For low caries populations, a specific correction exponential curve y = 1-abx seemed to fit caries data somewhat better than the other models. The relationship between the mean DMFS (x) and the proportion of children with DMF teeth (y) could be expressed by a curvilinear model y = e[b(lnx) + a]; this applied to low caries populations (y approximately less than 0.7) as well, but the unexplained residual variation was about 6%. AUJarvinen S EM8601 SOCommunity Dent Oral Epidemiol (Denmark), Aug 1985, 13(4) p235-7 MJDMF Index; Dental Caries MNChild; Epidemiologic Methods; Models, Theoretical MTHuman RN7681-49-4 (Sodium Fluoride) IS0301-5661 LAEnglish JCDNF SBM UI86003363 TICaries prevalence of preschool children in Baja, Hungary, in 1975 and 1982: effect of a supervised monthly NaF mouthrinsing program. ABThe aim of the study was 1) to compare the caries prevalence of preschoolchildren in Baja with data from 1975 and 2) to evaluate the effect of 0.2% sodium-fluoride mouthrinsings practiced during the last 4 yr. In 20 kindergartens of Baja 1462 children between 3 and 6 yr of age were investigated. All the children were participants in an oral hygiene motivation program and fluoride rinsings, performed generally monthly, but at least 10 times in a year. The dental investigations of the primary teeth were carried out by the same team as in 1975. The frequency of caries-free children increased from 18.8% in 1975 to 24.8% in 1982. The dmft mean values decreased only in the 5- and 6-yr-old children. AUHanzely B ; Banoczy J ; Hadas E; Esztari I ; Nemes J; Albrecht M; Valkovics M EM8601 SOCommunity Dent Oral Epidemiol (Denmark), Aug 1985, 13(4) p238-40 MJDental Caries; Sodium Fluoride MNChild, Preschool; Child; Dental Caries /PC; Hungary; Mouthwashes; School Dentistry; Schools, Nursery MTHuman IS0301-5661 LAEnglish JCDNF SBM UI86003364 TIStreptococcus mutans and caries prevalence in rural Thai. ABThe prevalence of dental caries was studied in 521 rural Thai using the DMFT index. The oral habit of chewing betel nut was recorded. Samples of drinking water were examined for fluoride concentrations. Plaque material from 500 patients was examined qualitatively for S. mutans. The DMFT (dmft) index score was comparably high for patients under 10 yr of age (4.12); the difference between the DMFT (dmft) score of this age group and the other age groups was statistically significant. The average DMFT (dmft) score was 1.34 +/- 2.67. There was no relation between oral habits and caries prevalence. Fluoride concentrations of the water samples were between 0.11 and 1.64 ppmF- X 14.2% of 500 plaque samples were positive for S. mutans, predominantly of biotype I. The higher prevalence of caries in children may be attributable to changing patterns of life and nutrition. AUReichart PA; Gehring F; Becker J; Geerlings H EM8601 SOCommunity Dent Oral Epidemiol (Denmark), Aug 1985, 13(4) p241-3 MJDental Caries /OC; Streptococcus mutans MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; DMF Index; Dental Caries /MI; Dental Plaque /MI; Infant; Middle Age; Rural Population; Thailand MTFemale; Human; Male IS0301-5661 LAEnglish JCDNF SBM UI86003365 TIIncidence of pain conditions in dental practice in a Danish county. ABFrom September 1981 to February 1982, an epidemiologic study was carried out on the incidence of pain conditions among patients between 18 and 70 yr of age in 30 dental practices in Ribe County, Denmark. A total of 35 464 patients consulted the 50 participating dentists during the study period. 823 patients consulted the dentist due to pain. The most frequent cause of pain was caries sequelae (pulpitis (35%) and acute apical periodontitis (31%)). There was a significant difference in the distribution of the diagnoses between patients with regular and non-regular dental care. Although the data in the present study may not be representative for the entire Danish population, it seems reasonable to assume that in Denmark there are at least 70 000 annual consultations to a dentist due to pain. Furthermore, a minimum of 4000 patients can be expected to be absent from work annually, due to illness caused by dental pain. AUSindet-Pedersen S; Petersen JK; Gotzsche PC EM8601 SOCommunity Dent Oral Epidemiol (Denmark), Aug 1985, 13(4) p244-6 MJDental Care; Toothache MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Denmark; Middle Age; Pain, Postoperative /OC; Periapical Periodontitis /OC; Pulpitis /OC MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN54-11-5 (Nicotine) IS0301-5661 LAEnglish JCDNF SBM UI86003366 TIPreliminary report on prevalence of oral cancer and precancerous lesions among dental patients in Saudi Arabia. ABThe study consisted of 674 consecutive examinations done on patients on their first visit the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, over a 1-yr period starting January 1983. Men outnumbered women and 69% of the patients were Saudi Arabian nationals. Oral cancer was seen in one non-Saudi, whereas the overall prevalence of leukoplakia was 1.9%. The other lesions were leukoedema 8.3%, nicotinic stomatitis 2.5%, and lichen planus 0.6%. Except for lichen planus, all the lesions were almost exclusively found in men with a close relationship to oral tobacco habits. Leukoedema, nicotinic stomatitis and leukoplakia showed a tendency to occur together in varying combinations among smokers. AUMani NJ EM8601 SOCommunity Dent Oral Epidemiol (Denmark), Aug 1985, 13(4) p247-8 MJDental Care; Mouth Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Leukoplakia, Oral /OC; Middle Age; Nicotine /AE; Saudi Arabia; Stomatitis /OC MTFemale; Human; Male IS0142-2456 LAEnglish JCDNI UI86003367 TIStandard perinatal data: suggestions for regular review of facilities for perinatal care within a regional health authority. AUMugford M; Mutch L; Elbourne D EM8601 SOCommunity Med (England), Aug 1985, 7(3) p157-68 MJHealth Facilities; Infant, Newborn; Prenatal Care; Regional Health Planning MNEngland; Pregnancy; Wales MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0142-2456 LAEnglish JCDNI UI86003368 TIMonitoring preventive maternity and child health services in health authorities. AULakhani AD; Morris RW EM8601 SOCommunity Med (England), Aug 1985, 7(3) p169-78 MJChild Health Services; Maternal Health Services; Preventive Health Services MNEngland; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0142-2456 LAEnglish JCDNI UI86003369 TIThe organization of district information services. AUScrivens E EM8601 SOCommunity Med (England), Aug 1985, 7(3) p179-85 MJHealth Services; Information Services MNEngland; Wales MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0142-2456 LAEnglish JCDNI UI86003370 TIAccuracy of recall of surgical histories: a comparison of postal survey data and general practice records. AUCoulter A; McPherson K; Elliott S; Whiting B EM8601 SOCommunity Med (England), Aug 1985, 7(3) p186-9 MJMedical Records; Memory; Recall; Surgery, Operative MNAdult; Family Practice; Middle Age; Questionnaires; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0142-2456 LAEnglish JCDNI UI86003371 TIHow many districts have food and health policies? AUIversen A; Anderson P; Champion P EM8601 SOCommunity Med (England), Aug 1985, 7(3) p190-2 MJFood; Health Policy MNEngland MTHuman IS0142-2456 LAEnglish JCDNI UI86003372 TIA study of the nutrient content of hospital meals. AUWoolaway MC; Nelson M; Herfst H EM8601 SOCommunity Med (England), Aug 1985, 7(3) p193-7 MJFood Service, Hospital; Nutritive Value MNAged; Caloric Intake; Child; Energy Metabolism; England; Nutritional Requirements MTFemale; Human; Male IS0142-2456 LAEnglish JCDNI UI86003373 TIWhat is under a blue flashing light? Community expressed need for the emergency ambulance service. AUPugh E EM8601 SOCommunity Med (England), Aug 1985, 7(3) p198-201 MJAmbulances; Community Health Services; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health Services Research MNEngland MTHuman IS0142-2456 LAEnglish JCDNI UI86003374 TILegionnaires disease in Reading--possible association with a cooling tower. AUAnderson P; Bartlett C; Cook G; Woodward M EM8601 SOCommunity Med (England), Aug 1985, 7(3) p202-7 MJAir Conditioning; Air Microbiology; Legionella; Legionnaires' Disease MNAdult; Disease Outbreaks; England; Legionnaires' Disease /OC; Weather MTFemale; Human; Male RN8001-79-4 (Castor Oil); 9009-86-3 (Ricin) IS0142-2456 LAEnglish JCDNI UI86003375 TIA science lesson, a castor oil plant seed and a Salford schoolboy. AUPainter MJ; Veitch IH; Packer JM EM8601 SOCommunity Med (England), Aug 1985, 7(3) p208-10 MJCastor Oil; Ricin MNChild; England; Seeds MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0142-2456 LAEnglish JCDNI UI86003376 TICommunicable disease report. January to March 1985. EM8601 SOCommunity Med (England), Aug 1985, 7(3) p211-6 MJHepatitis, Viral, Human; Lassa Fever; Poliomyelitis; Whooping Cough MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; England; Finland; Great Britain; Hepatitis, Viral, Human /PC; Sierra Leone; Wales MTFemale; Human; Male RN7732-18-5 (Water) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003377 TIThe effect of lipids on transepidermal water permeation in snakes. ABTransepidermal water permeation was measured for the shed skin of 8 species of snakes under conditions where the skin formed an interface between liquid water and dry air. Extraction with chloroform: methanol removed lipids amounting to 4.9-8.7% of the dry weight of skin and increased transepidermal water permeation 35- to 175-fold. Initial extraction of snake skin with hexane removed only 25-35% of the total extractable lipid but increased water permeation 3- to 10-fold. For totally delipidized skin, water-to-air permeation was much faster than air-to-air permeation, and was also faster than evaporation from a free water surface. AUBurken RR; Wertz PW; Downing DT EM8601 IDAM22083; AM32374 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p213-6 MJLipids; Skin; Snakes; Water MNPermeability; Species Specificity; Water Loss, Insensible MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-22-6 (Corticosterone); 69-93-2 (Uric Acid); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride); 7727-37-9 (Nitrogen) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003378 TIThe effect of chronic saline exposure on the electrolyte balance, nitrogen metabolism, and corticosterone titer in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis. ABJuvenile alligators were exposed to fresh water, 5, 10, 15 and 20% sea-water for 4 weeks. Hematocrit, plasma corticosterone, plasma and urine osmolality, [Na+], [K+], [Cl-] and uric acid were measured at weekly intervals. Although no change was found in plasma NaCl at 5%, a significant increase in NaCl Urine/Plasma (U/P) ratio was found; however, no further increase in NaCl U/P ratio was found at higher salinities, and plasma NaCl increased with salinity. Plasma corticosterone increased significantly at 10% and greater, and a dramatic increase in plasma and urine uric acid was also found at these salinities. At 10% and greater, alligators ceased feeding and lost up to 27% of their initial body weight. Mortalities occurred during weeks 3 and 4, at 15 and 20%. A possible role for corticosterone in increasing the NaCl U/P ratio is discussed. It is concluded that juvenile alligators are unable to survive chronic exposure to hyperosmotic salinities. AULauren DJ EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p217-23 MJAlligators and Crocodiles; Corticosterone; Nitrogen; Reptiles; Sodium Chloride; Water-Electrolyte Balance MNElectrolytes /ME; Fresh Water; Hematocrit; Kinetics; Osmolar Concentration; Seawater; Uric Acid /ME MTAnimal RN9005-79-2 (Glycogen) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003379 TIGlycogen utilization in isolated frog muscle: an effect of passive mechanical stretch. ABThe effect of passive mechanical stretch on glycogen utilization and total protein maintenance in paired sartorii muscles from small male frogs has been investigated, in vitro. Glycogen content of stretched muscles decreased 72.6% over a 24-hr incubation period, compared to a 23.1% decline in unstretched control muscles. Stretched muscles retained 54.7% of their total protein content over a 24-hr period, compared to 38.4% in the unstretched control muscles. Unstretched muscles demonstrated a significant (11.1%) increase in wet weight following 24 hr of incubation, presumably due to increased water retention. There were no significant changes in the wet wts of stretched muscles. AUBarnes WS; Worrell GA EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p243-6 MJGlycogen; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Relaxation; Muscles /PH MNKinetics; Muscles /ME; Rana Pipiens MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003380 TIArterial perfusion of frog tongue for intracellular recording of taste cell receptor potential. ABThe frog tongue was perfused through its artery with a Ringer solution using a peristaltic pump, and a method was developed to record stable intracellular receptor potentials of taste cells. Perfusing at 0.05 ml/min with a Ringer solution containing 5% dextran did not cause tongue edema, but perfusing at the same rate with Ringer without dextran caused edema. After perfusion at 0.05 ml/min with 100 mM K Ringer, the membrane potential of taste cells gradually decreased and reached a constant level in about 30 min, indicating that the intercellular fluid of the tongue could be replaced within this time period. While the artery of the frog tongue was perfused at 0.05 ml/min with Ringer containing 5% dextran, intracellular receptor potentials of taste cells elicited by four basic taste stimuli (1 M NaCl, 10 mM quinine-HCl (Q-HCl), 1 mM acetic acid and 1 M galactose) were similar to those obtained from the control taste cells under normal blood flow. AUOkada Y; Miyamoto T; Sato T EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p247-50 MJReceptors, Sensory; Taste; Tongue /PH MNDenervation; Membrane Potentials; Perfusion; Rana Catesbeiana; Tongue /BS /IR MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN300-85-6 (3-hydroxybutyric acid); 64-19-7 (acetic acid glacial); 9004-10-8 (Insulin); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003381 TIEffects of insulin on net hepatic metabolism of acetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate in sheep (Ovis aries). ABThe net productions of acetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate by the liver and portal-drained viscera were determined before and during insulin plus glucose infusions. Glucose was infused at rates to maintain euglycemia. During insulin infusion the net hepatic productions of beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate were reduced to a greater extent than could be accounted for by a reduction in provision of free fatty acids to the liver. It is concluded that insulin has a direct anti-ketogenic effect on the ovine liver. AUBrockman RP; Laarveld B EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p255-7 MJAcetic Acids; Hydroxybutyrates; Insulin /PD; Liver /ME MNBlood Glucose /ME; Glucagon /BL; Insulin /BL; Kinetics; Liver /DE; Sheep MTAnimal IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003382 TICircadian locomotor activity rhythm under the influences of temperature cycle in the Djungarian hamster, Phodopus sungorus, entrained by 12 hour light-12 hour dark cycle. ABEffects of temperature cycle (25 degrees C during light and 10 degrees C during dark) on circadian locomotor activity rhythm entrained by 12 hr light-12 hr dark cycle were studied in the dark active Djungarian hamster. The amounts of activity per 24 hr were significantly greater under temperature cycle than under constant temperature of 25 degrees C. Phase angle difference between activity onset and light off was always more positive under temperature cycle than under constant temperature. These findings are discussed in terms of circadian physiology. AUTokura H; Oishi T EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p271-5 MJCircadian Rhythm; Hamsters; Motor Activity MNDarkness; Light; Temperature MTAnimal; Male RN9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003383 TIGlucagon secretion in the hibernating edible dormouse (Glis glis). ABPlasma glucose and glucagon concentrations were measured in edible dormice during the bout of hibernation, arousal and active periods. During lethargy, plasma glucose and glucagon were low, compared to active values and did not fluctuate throughout the phase. During rewarming, plasma glucose regularly increased from 17 degrees to 37 degrees C while plasma glucagon rose after the 17 degrees C stage and reached the higher values at 26 degrees C, then slightly decreased at 37 degrees C. During arousal, plasma levels of free amino acids progressively increased. The effect of temperature and secretagogue (glucose and arginine) on glucagon secretion was studied using perfused pancreas from hibernating edible dormouse. In vitro rewarming of pancreas induced an increase in glucagon secretion. Glucagon secretion was regulated by glucose (inhibitory effect) and by arginine (stimulating effect) up to 25 degrees C. The effect of temperature and glucagon on oxygen uptake of hibernating edible dormouse brown fat was studied using an in vitro technique. Rewarming strongly increased oxygen consumption from 10 to 37 degrees C. Glucagon enhanced oxygen consumption up to 20 degrees C. AUHoo-Paris R; Castex C; Hamsany M; Thari A; Sutter B EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p277-81 MJGlucagon /SE; Hibernation; Rodentia MNArousal; Blood Glucose /AN; Brown Fat /ME; Glucagon /BL /PD; Kinetics; Motor Activity; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Pancreas /SE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003385 TIChanges in lipid fluidity and fatty acid composition with altered culture temperature in Tetrahymena pyriformis-NT1. ABCultures of T. pyriformis-NT1 were grown at 20 degrees C (Tg 20 degrees C) and 38 degrees C (Tg 38 degrees C). G.L.C. analysis and D.P.H. fluorescence polarization measurements in extracted phospholipids indicated that there was increased saturation of fatty acids and relatively reduced fluidity as growth temperature was increased. Breakpoints occurred in the Arrhenius plots of fluorescence polarization at 16 degrees C for Tg 38 degrees C total extracted phospholipids and 9 degrees C for Tg 20 degrees C lipids. AUConnolly JG; Brown ID; Lee AG; Kerkut GA EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p287-92 MJFatty Acids; Membrane Fluidity; Membrane Lipids; Phospholipids /ME; Tetrahymena Pyriformis MNCell Membrane /PH; Chromatography, Gas; Phospholipids /IP; Temperature; Thermodynamics MTAnimal IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003386 TIThe effects of temperature upon the electrophysiological properties of Tetrahymena pyriformis-NT1. ABCells of Tetrahymena pyriformis--NT1 were cultured at 38 degrees C (Tg 38 degrees C) and 20 degrees C (Tg 20 degrees C) and their properties investigated over the range 0-40 degrees C. Tg 20 degrees C cells were viable in the range 3-33 degrees C and changes in their properties were readily reversible between 10 degrees C and 30 degrees C. Tg 38 degrees cells were viable in the range 40-10 degrees C and their property changes were immediately reversible in the range 40-23 degrees C. The I-V relations of Tg 38 degrees C cells showed increased excitability as the cells were cooled from 40 degrees C. At 10 degrees C there was a considerable loss of excitability and slope resistance. Cooling Tg 20 degrees C cells from 20 degrees C gave a similar pattern, although over a narrower temperature range. Warming Tg 20 degrees C Tetrahymena above 20 degrees C led to a progressive loss of excitability and the cells were markedly less viable above 35 degrees C. Within physiological limits the regenerative spike magnitude, repolarization time, time to peak and input resistance increased as temperature was lowered, whereas resting potential was diminished. When compared at their growth temperatures and most intermediate temperatures, the value of the various parameters monitored were generally different for the two cultures. The Q10 value for resting potential changes of Tg 20 degrees C cells about 20 degrees C was 1.20. As in T. vorax this was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than that predicted for a diffusion potential and suggested that T. pyriformis--NT1 may have an electrogenic pump component in its membrane potential. AUConnolly JG; Brown ID; Lee AG; Kerkut GA EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p293-302 MJTetrahymena Pyriformis /PH MNCell Membrane /PH; Electric Conductivity; Membrane Potentials; Temperature; Tetrahymena Pyriformis /GD; Thermodynamics MTAnimal IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003387 TITemperature-dependent changes in the swimming behaviour of Tetrahymena pyriformis-NT1 and their interrelationships with electrophysiology and the state of membrane lipids. ABThe swimming velocity and the amplitude of the helical swimming path of T. pyriformis-NT1 cells grown at 20 degrees C (Tg 20 degrees C) and 38 degrees C (Tg 38 degrees C) were monitored between 0 and 40 degrees C in the presence and absence of electric fields. Within physiological limits the swimming velocity increased and the amplitude decreased as temperature was raised. The temperature profiles of these properties were not linear, and showed discontinuities at different temperatures for the different cultures. The break points in Arrhenius plots of the resting potential, regenerative spike magnitude, repolarization time, swimming velocity and swimming amplitude are tabulated and compared. The initial breakpoints upon cooling were clustered about the breakpoints in fluorescence polarization of D.P.H. in extracted phospholipids, and around the transition temperatures estimated from the literature for the pellicular membrane of these cells. The average of the initial breakpoints on cooling was 22.9 degrees C for Tg 38 degrees C cells and 13.7 degrees C for Tg 20 degrees C cells, a shift of 9.2 degrees C. Unlike Paramecium there is no depolarizing receptor potential in Tetrahymena upon warming. It is suggested that this may be the basis of a behavioural difference between Tetrahymena and Paramecium--namely that in Tetrahymena maximum swimming velocity occurs above growth temperature whereas in Paramecium the two points coincide. Swimming velocity and resting potential were correlated with membrane fluidity within physiological limits, but for other parameters the relationship with fluidity was more complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUConnolly JG; Brown ID; Lee AG; Kerkut GA EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p303-10 MJMembrane Lipids; Movement; Tetrahymena Pyriformis MNCell Membrane /PH; Membrane Potentials; Swimming; Temperature; Thermodynamics MTAnimal IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003388 TISpontaneous multiple unit activity from the preoptic nucleus and changes in blood pressure in the rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri under acute experimental conditions. ABMultiple unit activity (MUA) from the preoptic nucleus (NPO) blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in 41 anaesthetized and curarized rainbow trout. Mayer waves were frequently observed in blood pressure recordings (83%). Rhythmic MUA from the NPO, recorded in 46% of the experimented trout, occurred preferentially during Mayer waves. The initiation of the period of MUA occurred during low pressure vasomotor tone and large vasomotor pulse pressure inhibited MUA. Sustained decrease in blood pressure induced proportional rise in MUA. These results suggest that cardiovascular inputs influence the electrical activity of neurosecretory cells within the NPO and so may modulate the neurohypophysial hormones secretion. AULe Mevel JC; Mabin D EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p311-8 MJBlood Pressure; Preoptic Area MNDiencephalon /CY; Electric Conductivity; Heart Rate; Time Factors; Trout MTAnimal RN50-22-6 (Corticosterone) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003389 TIEffects of duration and intensity of illumination on several parameters of the chick eye. ABEffects of duration and intensity of illumination on eye weight, eye diameter, corneal diameter and anterior chamber depth were investigated in Warren chicks. Increase in eye weight was observed in continuous light, LD 22:2 and continuous darkness. Shallow anterior chamber and small corneal diameter were observed in continuous light and LD 22:2, but not in continuous darkness. Continuous bright light (5000 lux) did not induce an increase in the eye weight but instead induced severe lesions in the anterior segment of the eye. Injection of corticosterone (500 micrograms) induced a significant reduction in the eye weight. AUOishi T; Murakami N EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p319-23 MJEye /PH MNAdrenal Glands /AH /DE; Chickens; Cornea /DE /PH; Corticosterone /PD; Eye /DE; Organ Weight /DE; Photic Stimulation; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003391 TIOlfactory receptor cell responses of pigeon to some odors. ABA preparation has been developed in the pigeon which allows recording of the electrical activity from an olfactory nerve twig containing the nonmyelinated axons of a small group of olfactory receptor cells. The pigeon's response to n-amylacetate is vigorous and stable, like that of other air-breathing animals. Responses in the olfactory receptor cells in the pigeon increased in magnitude with increase in the odor concentration. An olfactory nerve twig produced a different magnitude of responses to the various odor stimuli. When an odor stimulation was applied to the olfactory mucosa, the two different olfactory nerve twigs which were separated from the same olfactory nerve bundle produced a different magnitude of responses. The differences may be dependent on several factors. AUTonosaki K; Shibuya T EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p329-33 MJOdors; Olfactory Nerve; Pigeons; Receptors, Sensory; Smell MNAxons /PH; Electric Conductivity MTAnimal IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003392 TIThermoregulation and heat balance in the dik-dik antelope (Rhynchotragus kirki): a field and laboratory study. ABExperiments were conducted in the field to study the physiological responses of dik-dik antelope to direct solar radiation and shade. The results were compared to those obtained in the laboratory. The rates of metabolic heat production when the animals were exposed either to the sun or the shade were identical. Dik-dik antelopes lost about 50% more heat evaporatively when exposed to the sun compared to the shade at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 28 degrees C or a Ta of 40 degrees C in a climatic chamber. Heat storage in the laboratory at Ta 40 degrees C or at Ta 28 degrees C in the shade accounted for between 30 and 35% of the total heat production. The corresponding value in the sun was 55%. The net rate of heat gain under the sun was four times greater than under shade at 28 degrees C or in the laboratory at 40 degrees C. Behavioural mechanisms for avoidance of high insolation must constitute important adaptations that the dik-dik uses to avoid dehydration and dependence on drinking water in their natural environment. AUKamau JM; Maloiy GM EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p335-40 MJAntelopes; Artiodactyla; Body Temperature Regulation MNAnimals, Laboratory; Animals, Wild; Body Temperature; Humidity; Light; Skin Temperature; Sunlight MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN378-44-9 (Betamethasone); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003393 TICardiovascular function in adrenalectomized Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). ABCardiovascular function was progressively impaired in Pekin ducks following surgical adrenalectomy. Diastolic and systolic arterial pressures (Pa) were respectively 45% and 28% lower in adrenalectomized (ADX) ducks than in sham-operated (SHAM) controls within 3 days after surgery. Adrenalectomy caused cardiac frequency (fH) to approximately double, diminished cardiac stroke volume, decreased body weight, and decreased plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, osmolal, Na and Cl concentrations. Adrenalectomy did not alter blood volume, hematocrit, or plasma concentrations of Ca and Mg. Administration of a synthetic glucocorticoid, betamethasone, prevented hypotension and prolonged the survival of ADX ducks. ADX and SHAM ducks maintained with betamethasone for up to 8 days did not differ in Pa, body weight, hematocrit, or plasma concentrations of Na and K. These experiments demonstrate the critical importance of glucocorticoid activity for blood pressure, Na and Cl regulation in birds. AUButler DG; Wilson JX EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p353-8 MJAdrenalectomy; Cardiovascular System MNBetamethasone /PD; Blood Pressure /DE; Blood Volume; Blood; Body Weight /DE; Ducks; Electrolytes /BL; Epinephrine /BL; Heart Rate; Hematocrit; Norepinephrine /BL; Osmolar Concentration; Stroke Volume MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN298-12-4 (glyoxylic acid); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003394 TIAmine-containing neurons in the brain of Lymnaea stagnalis: distribution and effects of precursors. ABGlyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence in whole-brain preparations of the central nervous system of the freshwater pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, was used to map the distribution of serotonin-and dopamine-containing neurons. Serotonin and dopamine were easily distinguishable by differences in color of fluorescence. Serotonin-containing neurons were consistently found in the cerebral, pedal, right parietal and visceral ganglia. Dopamine-containing neurons were found in the pedal, and buccal ganglia. Prior incubation of brains in 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the immediate precursor to serotonin, produced serotonin-like fluoresence in neurons which do not normally fluoresce. These neurons thus probably possess specific uptake mechanisms for 5-HTP. Since 5-HTP itself fluoresces yellow, the glyoxylic acid technique cannot determine if these neurons contain the enzyme aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, which converts 5-HTP to serotonin, or merely fluoresce because of the 5-HTP taken into the cells. AUAudesirk G EM8601 IDES 03158 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p359-65 MJBrain; Dopamine; Neurons; Serotonin MNBrain /ME; Ganglia /CY /ME; Glyoxylates; Hydroxytryptophan /ME; Lymnaea; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Neurons /ME MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.14.13.13 (25-Hydroxycholecalciferol 1-Hydroxylase); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003395 TIEffect of age and the X-linked Hyp mutation on renal adaptation to vitamin D and calcium deficiency. ABThe age (4 weeks vs 5 weeks vs 6.5 weeks) at which dietary restriction of vitamin D and calcium is initiated has a profound effect on the resulting concentration of serum calcium, urinary cAMP and on renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase (1-hydroxylase) activity in normal (+/Y) mice; no such age relationship is apparent in Hyp/Y littermates. After 40 days on the restrictive diet, it was found that the younger the +/Y mice at the time of diet initiation, the lower the resulting serum calcium (4 weeks less than 5 weeks less than 6.5 weeks) and the higher the urinary cAMP and 1-hydroxylase activity (4 weeks greater than 5 weeks greater than 6.5 weeks). Age on diet has no effect on serum phosphate and fractional excretion index of phosphate in +/Y and Hyp/Y littermates. Renal 1-hydroxylase activity is significantly lower than normal in the younger groups of Hyp/Y mice whereas 24-hydroxylase (25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase) activity is higher than normal in all groups of Hyp/Y mice. AUTenenhouse HS EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p367-71 MJCalcium /DF; Kidney /PP; Mutation; Vitamin D Deficiency; X Chromosome MN25-Hydroxycholecalciferol 1-Hydroxylase /ME; Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /UR; Aging; Calcium /BL; Diet; Genotype; Kidney /GD; Mice, Mutant Strains; Mice; Phosphates /BL MTAnimal; Male IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003396 TICutaneous oxygen uptake and its relation to skin blood perfusion and ambient salinity in the plaice, Pleuronectes platessa. ABOxygen uptake across plaice skin was unaffected by temporary arrest of skin blood flow. This indicates that oxygen taken up across the skin is consumed by the skin itself. Weight specific rate of O2-consumption of skin is estimated to be 1.7-1.9 times that of the entire fish. Total resting O2-consumption increased from 0.43 to 0.58 mg X kg-1 X min-1 when salinity was raised from 8.5 to 25%. The relative increase in O2-uptake across the skin following an increase in salinity was smaller than the increase in total O2-uptake. This is taken to indicate that the high O2-consumption of skin is not specifically related to an osmoregulatory function of the skin. AUSteffensen JF; Lomholt JP EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p373-5 MJOxygen Consumption; Skin /ME MNFishes; Osmolar Concentration; Perfusion; Regional Blood Flow; Seawater; Skin /BS MTAnimal RN56-86-0 (glutamic acid); 9005-79-2 (Glycogen) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003397 TIInfluence of dietary composition on gluconeogenesis from L-(U-14C)glutamate in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). ABThe effect of dietary composition (high-protein, high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets) and starvation on in totum gluconeogenesis from L-(U-14C)glutamate was studied in the rainbow trout. High-fat and high-carbohydrate diets produced a significant hyperglycaemia. Lower blood glucose values were obtained in trout fed on a high-protein diet. Liver glycogen levels were significantly lower in trout fed on carbohydrate-free diets (high-protein and high-fat diets) and in starved fish. Gluconeogenesis from L-(U-14C)glutamate was markedly reduced in fish given the high-carbohydrate diet and significantly enhanced in starved fish. Radioactive liver glycogen was higher in starved fish, although the amount of radioactivity incorporated into glycogen was very low. AUde la Higuera M; Cardenas P EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p391-5 MJDiet; Gluconeogenesis; Glutamates MNBlood Glucose /ME; Dietary Carbohydrates /PD; Dietary Fats /PD; Dietary Proteins /PD; Gluconeogenesis /DE; Glycogen /ME; Liver Glycogen /ME; Muscles /ME; Trout MTAnimal IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003398 TIHematological response of Japanese quail to acute hemorrhagic stress. ABHematological and serum biochemical changes in response to hemorrhagic stress were determined in both sexes of juvenile and adult Coturnix coturnix japonica over 3 day period following a mechanical hemorrhage of 30% of the calculated total blood volume. There was an initial shift posthemorrhage towards greater numbers of more mature erythrocytes and fewer circulating reticulocytes. Reticulocytosis was indicated 48-72 hr posthemorrhage. Glucose and lactic acid dehydrogenase levels increased after hemorrhage. Serum beta-glucuronidase was elevated only in adults. Japanese quail seemed to recover from hemorrhage more rapidly than had been reported for chickens, other birds and mammals. AUGildersleeve RP; Galvin MJ; Thaxton JP; McRee DI EM8601 IDNO1-ES-2-5019 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p403-9 MJHemorrhage MNAging; Blood Glucose /AN; Blood Proteins /AN; Erythrocyte Aging; Erythrocyte Count; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins /AN; Lactates /BL; Leukocyte Count; Quail; Sex Factors MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003399 TIThe oxygen uptake of Sarotherodon niloticus L. and the oxygen binding properties of its blood and hemolysate (Pisces: Cichlidae). ABThe oxygen consumption of Sarotherodon niloticus L. was found to decline below a critical oxygen concentration of about 2 mg O2/l. An important influence of CO2 on the oxygen affinity of whole blood was observed at all temperatures between 20 and 35 degrees C for gas mixtures containing 5.6% CO2. Purified hemolysate showed extremely high oxygen affinities (p50 = 1.08 mmHg at pH 8.2 and 20 degrees C). Low cooperativity was observed at all temperatures from 20 to 35 degrees C, and pH values between 6.5 and 8.2. The Bohr effect proved to be important at pH values lower than pH 7.5 (phi = delta log P50/delta pH = -0.58 between pH 6.5 and 7.0 at 35 degrees C). The oxygen affinities show high thermal sensitivity without a marked pH influence (delta H value for overall oxygenation at pH was -71.7 kJ/mol). The obtained results are interpreted as adaptations to diurnal variations in ambient temperature and oxygen availability. AUVerheyen E; Blust R; Doumen C EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p423-6 MJFishes; Oxygen Consumption; Oxygen MNCalorimetry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Respiration MTAnimal RN62-57-7 (2-aminoisobutyric acid); 630-60-4 (Ouabain) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003400 TIAmino acid transport by corneal epithelial cells from the toad, Bufo marinus. ABalpha-Aminoisobutyric acid is actively accumulated by the epithelium of the cornea of the toad, Bufo marinus, resulting in a tissue to medium ratio of 4 to 1 after 40 min of incubation. The accumulation of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid is ouabain-sensitive and dependent upon the presence of extracellular sodium. Transport is inhibited by carbon monoxide, 6-aminonicotinamide, arsenite and n-heptyl-3-hydroxy-quinoline-n-oxide and stimulated by diamide. AUCooperstein DF EM8601 IDEY01485 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p427-30 MJAminoisobutyric Acids; Cornea MNBiological Transport /DE; Bufo Marinus; Epithelium /ME; Kinetics; Ouabain /PD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN28822-58-4 (1-Methyl-3-Isobutylxanthine); 58-61-7 (Adenosine); 9009-81-8 (Rhodopsin) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003401 TIRhodopsin phosphorylation inhibited by adenosine in frog rods: lack of effects on excitation. ABThe rod photocurrent was studied by recording the transretinal voltage from the aspartate-treated isolated frog retina before and after perfusion with 2 mM adenosine, which inhibited 60-80% of the light-induced rhodopsin phosphorylation. Adenosine did not affect the time courses of the flash photoresponses or the OFF responses after a steady light. The introduction of adenosine while the retina was illuminated by a steady background did not enhance the effect of light. Instead, the opposite change, due to PDE inhibition, was observed. The results indicate that rhodopsin phosphorylation does not determine the time course of the decay of excitation. AUDonner K; Hemila S EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p431-9 MJAdenosine; Retinal Pigments; Rhodopsin; Rods and Cones /PH MN1-Methyl-3-Isobutylxanthine /PD; Darkness; Kinetics; Perfusion; Phosphorylation; Photic Stimulation; Rana Temporaria; Rods and Cones /DE /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-59-7 (Helium); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003403 TIUse of helium-oxygen to examine the effect of cold acclimation on the summit metabolism of a marsupial, Dasyuroides byrnei. ABTo determine whether marsupial mammals increase their metabolic capabilities during cold acclimation, the metabolism of both warm and cold acclimated Dasyuroides byrnei was examined by exposure to cold in a helium-oxygen atmosphere. Mean values of heat production and conductance were significantly higher in a helium-oxygen atmosphere than in air. Body temperature did not change until metabolic capacity was exhausted. Both cold and warm acclimated groups could maintain a metabolic scope of 10-11 times the basal or standard level for this species. Such a metabolic scope is much higher than levels recorded for placental mammals. At very low ambient temperatures cold acclimated D. byrnei could sustain a high level of heat production longer than could warm acclimated animals. While there are some similarities between marsupial mammals and placental mammals in their responses to cold acclimation, an increase in maximum metabolism, as reported for placentals, does not seem to occur in marsupials. AUSmith BK; Dawson TJ EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p445-9 MJAcclimatization; Body Temperature Regulation; Helium; Marsupialia MNCold; Oxygen MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-13-6 (Urea); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride); 87-78-5 (Mannitol) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003404 TIOsmoregulation in red blood cells of Bufo viridis. ABThe effect of hyperosmotic solution of NaCl, urea and mannitol on Bufo viridis red blood cells were studied. The percentage of water content in B. viridis red blood cells decreased significantly in NaCl and mannitol hypertonic solutions compared to urea hypertonic solution. The urea concentration found in red blood cells in a urea hypertonic solution was significantly higher than in red blood cells acclimated to NaCl and mannitol hypertonic solutions. The Na+ concentration was significantly lower in red blood cells immersed in urea hypertonic solution than in red blood cells immersed in hypertonic NaCl and mannitol solutions. However, the K+ concentration increased at a similar rate in three different hypertonic solutions. AUDegani G EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 81(2) p451-3 MJErythrocytes /ME MNBufonidae; Erythrocytes /DE; Kinetics; Mannitol /PD; Muscles /DE /ME; Organ Specificity; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium /ME; Sodium Chloride /PD; Sodium /ME; Urea /ME /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003405 TICircadian rhythms in the pig. AUIngram DL; Dauncey MJ EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p1-5 MJCircadian Rhythm; Swine MNBody Temperature Regulation; Body Temperature; Drinking Behavior; Energy Metabolism; Feeding Behavior; Heat; Hormones /BL; Light; Motor Activity MCReview MTAnimal IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003406 TIHatch weight selection: effect on post-hatch growth in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). ABThe post-hatch growth of Japanese quail, weight selected at hatch, was investigated. The quail were grouped according to hatch weight as follows: Group I, 5.5-6.2 g; Group II, 6.3-7.0 g; and Group III, 7.1-7.6 g. Group III quail were 25 and 12% heavier at hatching than Group I and II quails, respectively, and reached a mature body weight which was 38 and 12% heavier than Group I and II quails, respectively. Gompertz growth parameters were not different in any of the groups. Feed and water consumption (g/kg body weight) rates were not significantly different among the three groups. AULaskey JW; Edens FW EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p101-4 MJBody Weight; Quail MNAging; Drinking; Eating MTAnimal RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003407 TIAccuracy of the Haldane method as an indirect measure of metabolism. ABMetabolic rates of barn owls increased as ambient temperature decreased below the thermoneutral zone. The Haldane method was as reliable as an O2 analyzer in measuring the metabolic rates of captive barn owls. However, at lowered ambient temperature (below 5 degrees C) there was a slight disparity in the metabolic rates determined by the two methods. The Haldane method has the potential of being used in a field situation (i.e. it is reliable, portable and relatively inexpensive). AUHamilton KL EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p111-5 MJBirds; Energy Metabolism MNCarbon Dioxide /AN; Methods; Oxygen Consumption; Oxygen /AN MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003408 TIThe development of medullary bone: a model for osteogenesis. AUSchraer H; Hunter SJ EM8601 IDDE 01764; DE 04345 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p13-7 MJBone Development; Models, Biological; Osteogenesis MNBone and Bones /CY; Cell Differentiation; DNA Replication; DNA /BI; Kinetics; Mucopolysaccharides /BI; Osteocytes /CY; Quail; RNA /BI; Transcription, Genetic MCReview MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.1. (3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases); EC 1.1.1.- (delta(5); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003409 TIDevelopment of the ovarian follicles in relation to changes in plasma parameters and 5 delta 3 beta HSD in snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina. ABFollicular development in snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina, was studied in relation to changes in plasma levels of estradiol-17 beta, total protein, calcium, inorganic phosphate and cholesterol. Histochemical reaction for 3 beta-HSD in granulosa and theca cells of the follicles is strong during the preovulatory and vitellogenic phases when the follicles attain their maximum size (18-22 mm) and estradiol is at a high level. The reaction for 3 beta-HSD is weal during the postovulatory phase when the developing follicles are at their minimum size (5-7 mm) and estradiol is low. Administration of estradiol-17 beta causes a rise in plasma calcium, total protein, inorganic phosphate and cholesterol. AUMahmoud IY; Cyrus RV; Woller MJ; Bieber A EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p131-6 MJ3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Estradiol; Graafian Follicle /PH MNBlood Proteins /AN; Calcium /BL; Cholesterol /BL; Estradiol /PD; Estrus; Graafian Follicle /DE; Granulosa Cells /EN; Kinetics; Phosphates /BL; Seasons; Turtles MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-13-6 (Urea); 7727-37-9 (Nitrogen) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003410 TINitrogen metabolism and kidney function in the Nubian ibex (Capra ibex nubiana). ABThe nitrogen economy of the Nubian ibex (Capra ibex nubiana), a ruminant that inhabits harsh deserts, was studied in the laboratory when fed three diets of different quality. Even on the low quality roughage (wheat straw) the ibex was found capable of balancing its nitrogen economy. On feeds low in protein, recycling of urea played a major role in helping the ibex maintaining a balanced nitrogen metabolism. When on wheat straw, the ibex recycled 71.6% of the urea synthesized in its liver. When on feeds lower in protein, blood urea concentration dropped (from 11.4 mM when on alfalfa hay to 3.2 mM when on wheat straw). GFR that amounted to 44.28 ml/min when on alfalfa hay decreased to 28.97 ml/min when on wheat straw. Reabsorption of urea amounted to 48% of the urea filtered when on alfalfa hay and increased to 78.8% on wheat straw. AUChoshniak I; Arnon H EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p137-9 MJGoats; Kidney; Nitrogen MNAlfalfa; Diet; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Grasses; Kinetics; Urea /ME; Wheat MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male RNEC 3.2.1.1 (Alpha-Amylase) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003411 TIA comparative study of serum and organ alpha-amylases of the camel (Camelus dromedarius). ABThe activity of alpha-amylase of the camel serum was found to be remarkably high (2325 U/l as compared with 77 U/l of bovine serum). The results obtained on chloride activation and substrate affinity studies as well as the DEAE-cellulose absorption properties indicate a substantial similarity between serum and tissue amylase(s) of the camel. On the contrary, a marked difference between the camel and the bovine amylases has been evidenced. AUMura U; Mohamed AS; Osman AM; Ipata PL EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p141-4 MJAlpha-Amylase /ME; Camels MNAlpha-Amylase /BL /UR; Anions; Enzyme Activation; Kinetics; Organ Specificity; Pancreas /EN; Parotid Gland /EN; Submandibular Gland /EN MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN50-67-9 (Serotonin); 52665-69-7 (A-23187); 67-42-5 (EGTA); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003412 TIActivation of washed chicken thrombocytes by 1-O-hexadecyl/octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (platelet-activating factor). ABWashed, [3H]serotonin-labeled chicken thrombocytes aggregated and secreted [3H]serotonin when stimulated in vitro with platelet-activating factor (PAF), collagen and calcium ionophore A23187. The effective dose causing a 25% secretion of [3H]serotonin (ED25) from washed chicken thrombocytes was 10(-8) M for PAF, 5 X 10(-8) M for collagen and 3 X 10(-7) M for A23187. Chicken thrombocyte activation by PAF required Ca2+ and appeared to be mediated through a specific receptor for PAF. AUCox CP EM8601 IDHL-30450 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p145-51 MJPlatelet Activating Factor; Platelet Aggregation MNA-23187 /PD; Blood Platelets /SE; Calcium /PD; Cations, Divalent; Chickens; Collagen /PD; EGTA /PD; Kinetics; Magnesium /PD; Platelet Aggregation /DE; Serotonin /BL MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003413 TIQuantitative analysis on discrimination of various odorants at receptor sites of the frog olfactory cell revealed by a cross adaptation method. ABCross adaptation experiments were carried out quantitatively with the frog olfactory system by varying concentrations of odorants in a wide range. The results obtained gave quantitative information on the difference in the receptor sites for various odorants. AUOhno T; Yoshii K; Kurihara K EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p153-9 MJOlfactory Bulb /PH; Receptors, Sensory; Smell MNOdors; Olfactory Bulb /CY; Rana Catesbeiana; Structure-Activity Relationship MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003414 TITelemetered heart rate as an index of energy expenditure in moose (Alces alces). ABMetabolic rate, heart rate and respiratory rate of three adult moose were monitored simultaneously on selected days between January 1982 and October 1983. Heart rate was successfully monitored using two types of implanted radio transmitters. Metabolic rate was significantly (P less than 0.001) correlated with heart rate for individual animals (r = 0.94-0.98). The relationship was best described by an exponential equation. A mean weighted equation predicted metabolic rate within 9% of individual equations. In adult moose cows, heart rate was a more reliable predictor of energy expenditure than respiratory rate. AURenecker LA; Hudson RJ EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p161-5 MJDeer; Energy Metabolism; Heart Rate MNPosture; Seasons; Telemetry MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.6.1.1 (Aspartate Aminotransferase); EC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Aminotransferase) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003415 TISeasonal changes in blood serum protein fractions and in activity of AspAT and AlAT in Arabian brood mares and their foals. ABIn 34 pure breed Arabian horses divided into four groups (Gr. I--10 pregnant mares, Gr. II--7 barren mares, Gr. III--10 foals born in 1981, Gr. IV--7 foals born in 1982) seasonal changes in total blood serum protein, its electrophoretic fractions and the activity of AspAT and AlAT were studied. Seasonal cyclicity was found in all groups in the amount of total serum proteins, and alpha 2- and beta 1-globulin fractions. Cyclicity was found in the level of albumin and activity of AspAT in three groups, not Gr. II, and in gamma-globulin, not Gr. IV. beta 2-globulin and AlAT cyclicity was found in two groups and alpha 1-globulin cyclicity was found only in Gr. II. Out of nine indices studied, cyclicity was found in eight of them in pregnant mares, Gr. I; in seven in older foals, Gr. III; in six in the young foals, Gr. IV; and in five in barren mares, Gr. II. AUGill J; Jakubow K ; Kompanowska-Jezierska E; Kott A; Szumska D EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p167-78 MJAcclimatization; Alanine Aminotransferase; Aspartate Aminotransferase; Horses /GD MNBlood Proteins /AN; Horses /BL; Periodicity; Seasons; Serum Albumin /AN; Serum Globulins /AN MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7005-03-0 (Leucine) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003416 TIIn vivo protein synthesis in different tissues and the whole body of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii R.). Influence of environmental temperature. ABThe fractional protein synthesis rate (FSR) of tissue (liver, digestive tract, muscle and whole fish) proteins was measured in rainbow trout acclimated to 9 and 18 degrees C after a pulse injection of [U-14C] L-leucine. In each of the tissues two FSRs were calculated based on a different estimate of the specific radioactivity of leucine in the precursor compartment for protein synthesis. Whole fish protein synthesis (WFPS) was estimated to be 7 and 7.6 g protein per kg body weight and per day respectively at 10 and 18 degrees C. Muscle and digestive tract contributed the most (more than 30%) to WFPS. The rate of protein turnover in whole fish was very low, as in the muscle, when compared to liver and digestive tract. AUFauconneau B; Arnal M EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p179-87 MJProteins; Salmonidae; Temperature; Trout MNAcclimatization; Carbon Radioisotopes; Diet; Digestive System /ME; Kinetics; Leucine /ME; Liver /ME; Muscles /ME; Organ Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003417 TIThrombelastographic diagnosis of blood coagulation in two freshwater fish species. ABBlood coagulation in two freshwater fish species was investigated by thrombelastography. This indicated that the process in fish is similar to that of humans and mammals, involving the same three basic processes, i.e. extrinsic and/or intrinsic thromboplastin generation, the conversion of prothrombin in thrombin and the formation of fibrinogen to fibrin. Calcium is essential for these reactions to occur. AUvan Vliet KJ; Smit GL; Pieterse JJ; Schoonbee HJ; Van Vuren JH EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p19-21 MJBlood Coagulation; Fishes; Thrombelastography MNCarp /BL; Fresh Water; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003418 TIUptake studies in adipocytes isolated from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii). A comparison with adipocytes from rat and cat. ABAdipocytes were isolated from mesenteric adipose tissue of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) by incubation of tissue slices at 20 degrees C in a buffer containing 3 mg collagenase per ml. These cells were compared to adipocytes from the cat and the rat, isolated by conventional technique (1 mg collagenase per ml buffer, incubation temperature 37 degrees C). Uptake studies of some metabolites were performed with fish, rat and in some cases cat adipocytes. At a glucose concentration of 0.33 mM, the glucose uptake into rat cells was more than twice as fast as in cells from the cat, and more than five times as fast as in trout cells. 2-Amino butyrate resembled glucose in relative uptake rates between species. Metabolite uptake into rat cells was specific, with different uptake rates for different metabolites. The uptake into trout adipocytes proceeded at similar rates for all metabolites tested, provided the concentrations were the same. The uptake rate of glucose into rat cells was stimulated by insulin. Insulin had no effect on glucose uptake into adipocytes from trout. AUChristiansen DC; Skarstein L; Klungsoyr L EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p201-5 MJAdipose Tissue /ME MNAdipose Tissue /CY /DE; Amino Acids /ME; Biological Transport, Active /DE; Biological Transport; Cats; Glucose /ME; Insulin /PD; Kinetics; Species Specificity; Trout MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003419 TIThe immune response in adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.): the effect of temperature. ABAdult lamprey were shown to produce antigen-specific antibody in response to weekly injections of human O-type erythrocytes ('O'-RBC) at both 17 degrees C and 9 degrees C. At the higher temperature, high titre antisera were produced earlier and at a faster rate than in animals kept at 9 degrees C. Lamprey kept at 9 degrees C, after a long lag period, eventually produced titres comparable to those obtained at 17 degrees C. Lamprey immunized and maintained at 9 degrees C were capable of producing high titres of antibody in response to second injection of antigen after the primary response titre had declined. AUHagen M; Filosa MF; Youson JH EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p207-10 MJAcclimatization; Antibody Formation; Cyclostomes; Lampreys MNAntibodies /AN; Erythrocytes /IM; Hemagglutination; Temperature MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003420 TIComparative hematology and coagulation: studies on rodentia (rats). ABBlood from adult male Wistar rats clotted rapidly in glass or siliconized tubes; the clots retracted and did not lyse. The serum prothrombin, plasma prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times were shorter than those of normal humans. In contrast, the thrombin and reptilase times were longer than those of normal human plasma, due apparently to the presence of a low-grade thrombin inhibitor in rat plasma. Coagulation factors, X, VIIIR:vW and IX assayed lower in rat than human plasma, while factors VIII:C and anti-thrombin III were higher. Values for other coagulation factors (II, V, VII, XI, XII and Fletcher) fell within the human range. Platelets were small and numerous. They aggregated well with ADP but poorly or not at all with collagen, ristocetin, thrombin, epinephrine, arachidonic acid and pig or bovine plasmas. Leukocytes numbered 4-8 X 10(3) cells/mm3, a near human range and were predominantly lymphocytic. Erythrocytes were small (MCV = 56-60 fl) and numerous (5.5-6.4 X 10(6) cells/mm3). AULewis JH; Van Thiel DH; Hasiba U; Spero JA; Gavaler J EM8601 IDHL-02254; AA1450; AA00016 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p211-5 MJBlood Coagulation; Rats, Inbred Strains MNBlood Coagulation Tests; Blood Platelets /UL; Clot Retraction; Erythrocytes /CY; Leukocytes /CY; Microscopy, Electron; Partial Thromboplastin Time; Platelet Count; Prothrombin Time; Rats; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003421 TIDiploid and tetraploid grey treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis and Hyla versicolor) have similar metabolic rates. ABWe measured oxygen consumption of the diploid frog Hyla chrysoscelis and its recently evolved tetraploid cryptic species Hyla versicolor at rest and during forced locomotory exercise. We also measured whole-body lactic acid concentrations of individuals of the two species at rest and following 4 min of exercise. Contrary to predictions based on tissue-culture experiments, rates of organismal metabolism are not different in this diploid/tetraploid species pair: the diploid and tetraploid species did not differ in rates of oxygen consumption at rest or during exercise. Furthermore, whole-body lactate concentrations of frogs at rest and following forced locomotion were the same in the diploid and tetraploid species. For these species, polyploidy does not appear to be associated with lower maintenance costs at the level of the organism. However, polyploidy also does not appear to have metabolic consequences that would limit the behavioral or ecological repertoire of an anuran. AUKamel S; Marsden JE; Pough FH EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p217-20 MJAnura; Energy Metabolism MNAerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Diploidy; Oxygen Consumption; Polyploidy MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003422 TIEffects of experimental anemia on the ATP content and the oxygen affinity of the blood in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii). ABBlood oxygenation properties have been investigated in rainbow trout, 1 and 48 hr after an approximately 25% loss of blood. In both cases the hematocrit was nearly halved. The ATP/Hb4 ratio was significantly increased by 35 and 46% after 1 and 48 hr, respectively. The P 1/2 value (at pH 7.7 and 20 degrees C) was significantly raised, by about 2 mmHg, in both cases. After 48 hr, this decrease in the blood-oxygen affinity and the increase in the red-cell ATP content were significantly positively correlated. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) value was never significantly changed. The pH was decreased by about 0.1 unit after 1 hr but normal values were found after 48 hr. It is suggested that these variations might be of adaptative value for fish in conditions of normal environmental pO2. AUVorger P; Ristori MT EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p221-4 MJAdenosine Triphosphate; Anemia; Oxygen MNHematocrit; Hemoglobins /ME; Oxyhemoglobins /ME; Trout MTAnimal IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003423 TIA thrombelastographic study of the effect of stress on the blood coagulation in Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) and Oreochromis mossambicus (Cichlidae). ABThe normal blood coagulation in Cyprinus carpio and Oreochromis mossambicus was investigated by thrombelastography and standard thrombelastographs were obtained for each species. The effect of stress on blood coagulation was thereafter determined. The thrombelastograms indicated hypercoagulability under stress conditions. A prominent observation is the differences in the elasticity of the clot under various conditions. Fibrinolysis occurred in all cases, except in the case of Cyprinus carpio after severe agitation for 30 min. Relevant values for various parameters are given. AUvan Vliet KJ; Smit GL; Pieterse JJ; Schoonbee HJ; Van Vuren JH EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p23-7 MJBlood Coagulation; Carp; Cyprinidae; Fishes; Stress; Thrombelastography MNFresh Water; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male RN7005-18-7 (Methionine) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003424 TIPlasma essential amino acids changes in sea-bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) after feeding diets deficient and supplemented in L-methionine. ABA fishmeal-based reference diet, a soybean-yeast-based methionine (MET)-deficient diet and two MET-supplemented diets were fed to groups of yearling sea-bass, reared in sea-water at 21 +/- 1 degrees C. Levels of most free essential amino acids (EAA) reached a maximum concentration in plasma between 4 and 8 hr after a single meal. Plasma MET level remained very low with the deficient diet, exhibiting by 4 hr a 10-fold reduction when compared to the reference diet, although MET content was divided only by two in the former. Daily MET intake was then maintained under minimum requirement in fish fed the deficient diet. Supplemented MET reached peak level in plasma substantially sooner than the rest of the EAA, indicating faster absorption and degradation when compared to MET incorporated in feed proteins. Evolution of methionine sulfoxide (MSO) levels in plasma after feeding MET-supplemented diets gives evidences that a degradation pathway of MET into MSO exists in sea-bass. AUThebault H EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p233-7 MJAmino Acids, Essential; Diet; Fishes; Methionine /ME MNKinetics; Methionine /DF MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003425 TIEvidence for biorhythmicity from the preoptic nucleus of the rainbow trout Salmo gairdnerii under freely swimming conditions--an electrophysiological study. ABThis study describes a technique which allows continuous recording of MUA (Multiple Unit Activity), from the NPO (Preoptic Nucleus), DAP (Dorsal Aortic blood Pressure) and ECG (Electrocardiogram) in freely swimming rainbow trout. From the 21 trout tested, six trout (29%) clearly showed rhythmic patterns of MUA during the five post-operative days (D2-D6). The mean length of rhythmic MUA was about 18 hr (range 6-33 hr) among the six trout during the recording days. Periodic MUA occurred approximately eight times/hr and lasted about 2 min. The maximal frequency of discharges was 20-30 spikes per sec. No change occurred in the mean level of blood pressure from the first operative day to the following post-operative days, where rhythmic MUA appeared or reappeared. These results demonstrate the existence of biorhythmicity within the NPO of freely swimming trout and suggest parallel oscillations in neurohormones secretion. AULe Mevel JC; Mabin D EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p29-33 MJPeriodicity; Preoptic Area; Salmonidae; Trout MNBlood Pressure; Electrocardiography; Heart Rate; Hematocrit; Motor Activity MTAnimal; Female; Male RN57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003426 TIA comparative study of the membrane potential from before fertilization through early cleavage in two frogs, Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis. ABThe membrane potential of Rana pipiens eggs (-55.0 mV +/- 11.2(16)) was more likely to recover from impalement and was always more negative than that of eggs of Xenopus laevis (-19.3 mV +/- 4.2(68)). It was also much more negative than previously reported. Essentially similar membrane resistance changes were measured in the two frog species through fertilization and cleavage. Small transient depolarizations only associated with the onset of the fertilization potential in Xenopus could be prevented by hyperpolarizing the egg membrane prior to fertilization. Repolarization was variable and longer in Rana and often accompanied by large transient spontaneous depolarizations. Insemination time, the time between fertilization and cleavage and the first cleavage division cycle, were all about twice as long in Rana. Xenopus egg cleavage was invariably accompanied by pronounced transient hyperpolarizations that were essentially absent in Rana. AUWebb DJ; Nuccitelli R EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p35-42 MJBlastocyst /PH; Fertilization; Ovum /PH; Rana Pipiens; Xenopus MNBlastocyst /DE; Cell Division; Electric Conductivity; Gonadotropins, Chorionic /PD; Membrane Potentials; Ovum /CY /DE; Progesterone /PD; Species Specificity; Testis /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN120-97-8 (Dichlorphenamide); 59-66-5 (Acetazolamide) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003427 TIDelayed protein digestion in the alligator following carbonic anhydrase inhibition. ABSmall alligators were injected with a carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor (dichlorphenamide) and a day later they were fed large amounts of lean beef. The rate of protein digestion was determined and compared with that in controls fed the same amount. The controls began digestion at once, while in the CA-inhibited ones, digestion was blocked for over 10 hr. The inhibitor decreased gastric HCl production to one-third that in controls and delayed activation of pancreatic and intestinal proteases. After 15 hr, digestion began in the inhibited group and proceeded to completion. Once digestion began, further injections of the inhibitor could not block it. It seems that CA inhibition blocks digestion (for a time) by reducing HCl synthesis. NaHCO3 to neutralize the acid chyme in the intestine, was derived from that in the plasma. AUCoulson RA EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p43-7 MJAlligators and Crocodiles; Dichlorphenamide; Dietary Proteins; Digestion; Reptiles MNAcetazolamide /PD; Bicarbonates /BL; Cattle; Chlorides /BL; Fasting; Gastric Acidity Determination; Intestines /ME; Kinetics; Meat MTAnimal IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003428 TIPhysiological responses of the adult male collared peccary, Tayassu tajacu (Tayassuidae), to severe dietary restriction. ABMetabolic and hormonal responses of eight adult male collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) to an ad libitum diet intake, or 25% of an ad libitum intake, were examined. Blood samples for hematological, serum-biochemical and hormonal profiles were collected at three week intervals during the nine week experiment starting 4 August 1983. Males fed on the restricted diet lost an average of 26% of their body weight during the trial, compared to a slight weight gain for those fed ad libitum. Characteristics of the red and white blood cell populations were not influenced by diet intake, with the exception of mean corpuscular volume, which was consistently lower amongst males fed on the restricted diet. Restricted food intake resulted in significantly elevated serum values for urea nitrogen, urea nitrogen:creatinine, urea index, alpha globulin:beta globulin, gamma globulin:albumin, nonesterified fatty acids, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase isozymes (LD1 and LD2). Restricted food intake resulted in significantly lowered serum values for total alpha globulin, alpha-1 globulin, total beta globulin, beta-1 globulin, beta-2 globulin, glucose, triglycerides, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, copper and triiodothyronine. Serum levels of creatinine, total protein, albumin, alpha-2 globulin, uric acid, total bilirubin, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphorus, calcium:phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc and thyroxine were unaffected by diet intake level. Semen evaluation indicated spermatogenesis was not affected by dietary restriction despite reductions in scrotal circumference and ejaculate gel volume. Serum testosterone levels were significantly lower among males fed on the restricted diet after nine weeks. These data suggest male libido might be depressed during poor range conditions, while maintenance of spermatogenesis might permit them to take immediate advantage of improved range conditions. Blood analysis of metabolic and hormonal function can provide useful information for predicting the adult male's nutritional and reproductive condition. AULochmiller RL; Hellgren EC; Varner LW; Greene LW; Amoss MS; Seager SW; Grant WE EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p49-58 MJArtiodactyla; Diet MNBlood Chemical Analysis; Blood Glucose /AN; Blood Proteins /AN; Body Weight; Caloric Intake; Dietary Proteins; Electrolytes /BL; Semen /AN; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; Thyroid Gland /PH MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003429 TIMorphological and electrophysiological properties of the electromotoneurones of the electric ray Torpedo marmorata in vivo and in in vitro brain slices. ABThe morphology of the adult electromotoneurones of the electric ray Torpedo marmorata has been investigated by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. The results show particularly small dendritic fields, poor dendritic branching, and the existence of two distinct types of dendrites. The electrophysiological data demonstrate that the electromotoneurones behave similarly in vivo and in in vitro brain slices. Observations on spontaneous and stimulus-evoked postsynaptic potentials suggest quantal release of transmitter in the Torpedo central nervous system. AUKrenz WD EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p59-65 MJBrain /PH; Motor Neurons /PH MNAxoplasmic Flow; Brain /CY; Dendrites /PH /UL; Electric Conductivity; Horseradish Peroxidase; Membrane Potentials; Motor Neurons /CY; Torpedo MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003430 TIFree amino acid content in the skin mucus of goldfish, Carassius auratus L.: influence of feeding. ABFree amino acid contents in skin extracts and influence of food and starvation on free amino acid content in skin mucus were analysed in sexually immature goldfish. Free amino acid concentration in skin mucus (91.1 mumol/g dry wt) was higher than in deep skin (54 mumol/g) or in whole skin (56.6 mumol/g) extracts. Free amino acid compositions were very similar in the latter extracts. They both differed from skin mucus extract in taurine, glutamic acid, glycine and histidine relative contents. Free amino acid composition in zooplankton used to feed goldfish was close to the composition found in corresponding skin mucus extracts, except in taurine content. Goldfish weighing 3 g (6 months old) and 17 g (1 year old) reared on zooplankton showed similar patterns of free amino acid composition in skin mucus. Comparison with free amino acid composition in skin mucus from goldfish fed on commercial food had big differences in glutamic acid, valine, methionine and lysine relative contents. During fasting, we observed an increase in the amount of mucus secreted and a concomitant decrease of the free amino acid concentration in the secretion. The origin of free amino acids found in skin mucus and their possible role in pheromonal and allelochemical communications of goldfish are discussed. AUSaglio P; Fauconneau B EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p67-70 MJAmino Acids; Mucus; Skin MNDiet; Fasting; Goldfish MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003431 TICalmodulin, synchronous and asynchronous release of neurotransmitter. ABEvidence collected from studies on a wide range of secretory cells suggests that calmodulin may play an important role in stimulus-secretion coupling. Work on synaptosomes, central synaptic preparations and chromaffin cell preparations indicates that calmodulin probably also acts as the intracellular Ca2+-receptor for secretion in neuronal cells, Ca2+-binding resulting in activation of protein kinases and phosphorylation of certain secretory vesicle proteins. Studies on the effects of calmodulin-binding drugs at peripheral synapses have given surprising results, particularly the finding that evoked (synchronous) transmitter release is not suppressed by calmodulin inhibition, though asynchronous release can be markedly inhibited. It is suggested that the insensitivity of synchronous release to drug treatment is due to the fact that only vesicle-bound calmodulin is involved in this form of transmitter secretion. Asynchronous release, however, involves recruitment of cytosolic calmodulin and can therefore be inhibited by calmodulin-binding drugs. AUPublicover SJ EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p7-11 MJCalmodulin; Neuroregulators MNAdrenal Medulla /SE; Chromaffin Granules /PH; Evoked Potentials; Membrane Potentials; Models, Neurological; Periodicity; Peripheral Nerves /PH; Synapses /PH; Synaptosomes /PH MCReview MTAnimal RN2609-46-3 (Amiloride); 630-60-4 (Ouabain); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003432 TIElectrolyte transport across rabbit late proximal colon in vitro. ABThe second part of rabbit proximal colon was investigated in vitro under short circuit conditions. Unidirectional sodium and chloride fluxes were measured during the soft faeces period and during the hard faeces period. Rabbit late proximal colon has a potential difference (psi mS) of 4 mV, a tissue conductance (GT) of 10-11 mS/cm2 and a short circuit current (Isc) of 1.5 mueq/cm2 X hr. Under control conditions sodium (2.65 mueq/cm2 X hr) and chloride (0.67 mueq/cm2 X hr) are absorbed. Ouabain abolished psi ms,Isc and the net sodium flux totally, whereas 0.1 mM amiloride only slightly decreased the net sodium flux. No differences in electrical properties and Na,Cl-fluxes were found between the faeces periods. Removal of sodium abolished psi ms and Isc totally, and a high potassium solution depolarized the preparation (psi ms = 0). A linear current-voltage relation characterizes the tissue as an ohmic resistor between -40 and +50 mV, and reveals a slope conductance of 14 mS/cm2 under KCl conditions. We conclude that the transport functions under in vitro conditions differ markedly from the in vivo situation, and that the diurnal differences of electrolyte transport in vivo occur mainly by the involvement of ionic gradients. AUClauss W; Horch I; Hornicke H EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p71-5 MJColon /PH; Intestinal Absorption; Potassium; Sodium MNAmiloride /PD; Biological Transport, Active /DE; Biological Transport; Colon /DE; Electric Conductivity; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Microcomputers; Ouabain /PD; Rabbits MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003433 TICardiovascular responses of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) to thermal stimulation of the spinal cord. ABSelective thermal stimulation of the spinal cord was performed in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Spinal cord warming caused an increase in systolic pressure of the truncus arteriosus, and cooling caused a decrease. Spinal cord warming caused an increase in systolic and pulse pressures of the conus arteriosus, and cooling caused a decrease. These results showed the temperature perceptibility of the spinal cord and a relationship between spinal cord temperature and autonomic functions in the frog as in other endothermic and ectothermic species. AUNagai M; Iriki M EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p77-81 MJCardiovascular System; Heat; Spinal Cord MNBlood Pressure; Body Temperature; Cold; Heart Rate; Rana Catesbeiana; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Male RNEC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase); EC 3.2.1.31 (Glucuronidase); EC 3.2.1.48 (Sucrase); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003434 TIIntestinal brush border membrane marker enzymes, lipid composition and villus morphology: effect of fasting and diabetes mellitus in rats. ABDiabetes mellitus is associated with enhanced passive intestinal uptake of cholesterol and fatty acids. In order to determine the basis for these changes in intestinal permeability, the jejunal morphology and the lipid content of purified brush border membranes (BBM) were measured in fasted and fed control (C) and streptozotocin diabetic (DM) rats. There was no difference between C and DM in BBM sucrase or alkaline phosphatase; fasting had no effect on BBM enzymes in C, but in DM fasting was associated with increased sucrase activity per length of jejunum. In C fasting was associated with higher levels of BBM total phospholipid, lecithin, choline and amine phospholipids, whereas fasting in DM was associated with higher BBM cholesterol and lower free fatty acids. In the fasting DM, there was a greater villus and mucosal surface area than in the fasting C. A previous study demonstrated that with fasting in DM versus C, cholesterol uptake was unchanged, but when animals were fed, cholesterol and fatty acid uptake were greater into the jejunum of fed DM as compared with fed C. In the BBM of fed DM as compared with C, there was a significant increase in total phospholipid, lecithin, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, choline and amine phospholipids, and phospholipid/cholesterol ratio. Thus, (1) fasting is associated with changes in intestinal morphology, BBM lipids; (2) the effect of fasting is different in DM and C; (3) the enhanced uptake of lipids into the jejunum of fed diabetic rats is not due to changes in villus morphology, but may be due to alterations in the BBM phospholipids. AUKeelan M; Walker K; Thomson AB EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p83-9 MJAlkaline Phosphatase; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glucuronidase; Intestine, Small; Membrane Lipids; Microvilli; Sucrase MNCholesterol /ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental /PA; Fasting; Microvilli /UL; Phospholipids /ME; Rats; Reference Values MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase); EC 3.2.1. (Glycoside Hydrolases); 50-02-2 (Dexamethasone) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003435 TIInfluences of dexamethasone on the maturation of fetal mouse intestinal mucosa in organ culture. ABThe effects of glucocorticoids on the maturation of the fetal small intestinal mucosa have been studied using duodenal explants resected at 17 days of gestation and cultured in a serum-free medium in the presence or absence of dexamethasone (30-300 ng/ml). Dexamethasone (a) increases specifically alkaline phosphatase, maltase, trehalase and sucrase activities and (b) allows an accumulation of goblet cells along the villi at a faster rate than that occurring in utero. These results indicate that glucocorticoids influence directly the differentiation of absorptive cells and goblet cells in the small intestine during the fetal period. AUBeaulieu JF; Calvert R EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p91-5 MJDexamethasone; Duodenum; Intestinal Mucosa MNAlkaline Phosphatase /ME; Duodenum /DE /EN; Fetus; Glycoside Hydrolases /ME; Intestinal Mucosa /DE /EN; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Microvilli /UL; Organ Culture; Pregnancy MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0300-9629 LAEnglish JCDNP SBM UI86003436 TIThe effect of pinealectomy on plasma levels of thyroid hormones in pigeons reared under different photoperiods. ABThe effects of pinealectomy on plasma T3, T4 and free T4 concentrations were studied for about 10 weeks in pigeons maintained either under a constant short photophase or in a regime where a long photophase was replaced by a short one during the experiments. The results indicate that, regardless of the photoperiod, no clear functional relationship can be found between the avian pineal gland and thyroid function, although a transitory increase in T4 levels was seen in both pinealectomized and sham-operated birds shortly after the operations. AURintamaki H ; Reijonen H; Hissa R EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [A] (England), 1985, 82(1) p97-100 MJAcclimatization; Pineal Body; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine MNDarkness; Kinetics; Light; Pigeons MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0735-7036 LAEnglish JCDNQ SBM UI86003437 TIContribution of nesting experience to progesterone-induced incubation in ring doves (Streptopelia risoria). ABInjections of progesterone induce incubation behavior in gonadally intact ring doves only if the doves have had previous experience with at least the nest-building phase of a breeding cycle. The present study was designed to determine whether exposure to progesterone during the nest-building phase is sufficient to account for the ability of progesterone to induce incubation at a later time or whether some other factor provided by experience with this phase of the cycle is needed. Six groups of 10 pairs of doves each were provided with different combinations of experience and progesterone priming. Progesterone priming combined with social isolation or with courtship experience had no significant effect on subsequent progesterone-induced incubation. However, doves that participated in the nesting phase of the cycle during progesterone priming later incubated in response to progesterone treatment. Nesting activity, which may or may not include building the nest, seemed to be the relevant experience. AUMichel GF; Moore CL EM8601 SOJ Comp Psychol (United States), Sep 1985, 99(3) p259-65 MJMaternal Behavior; Nesting Behavior; Progesterone MNCourtship; Pigeons; Social Environment; Social Isolation MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0735-7036 LAEnglish JCDNQ SBM UI86003438 TIHearing in two cricetid rodents: wood rat (Neotoma floridana) and grasshopper mouse (Onychomys leucogaster). ABThe audiograms of two wood rats and three grasshopper mice were determined with a conditioned avoidance procedure. The wood rats were able to hear tones from 940 Hz to 56 kHz at a level of 60 dB (SPL), with their best sensitivity of -3 dB occurring at 8 kHz. The hearing of the grasshopper mice ranged from 1.85 kHz to 69 kHz at 60 dB (SPL), with their best sensitivity of 9 dB also occurring at 8 kHz. These results support the relation between interaural distance and high-frequency hearing and between high- and low-frequency hearing. The inability of the grasshopper mouse to hear low frequencies as well as other desert rodents such as kangaroo rats and gerbils demonstrates that not all rodents found in deserts have developed good low-frequency hearing. The degree to which general and specific selective pressures have played a role in the evolution of rodent hearing is discussed. AUHeffner HE; Heffner RS EM8601 IDNS17850; NS12992; HD02528 SOJ Comp Psychol (United States), Sep 1985, 99(3) p275-88 MJAuditory Threshold; Cricetidae; Loudness Perception; Pitch Perception MNEcholocation; Orientation; Perceptual Masking MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0735-7036 LAEnglish JCDNQ SBM UI86003439 TIVentral scent marking in Meriones unguiculatus may contribute to thermoregulation. ABThree experiments were conducted with adult male Meriones unguiculatus in an attempt to demonstrate that ventral scent marking can act to transfer body heat to the object marked. Experiment 1 showed that surgical removal of the ventral gland pad reduced the amount of heat transferred by 50%, even though intact and glandless animals did not differ in the average frequency of scent marking. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the difference in heat transfer due to the presence or absence of the scent pad was not due to differential pressure applied to the substrate during marking. Experiment 3 showed that the pattern of ventral hair spread that occurs as an animal moves over an object is different between intact and glandless animals but that this difference does not account for the difference in heat transfer. It is suggested that heat transfer to the environment with ventral scent marking may increase thermoregulatory competence and also may function to volatilize sebum used in chemocommunication. AUThiessen DD; Barth TM EM8601 IDMH 14076-18 SOJ Comp Psychol (United States), Sep 1985, 99(3) p306-10 MJAnimal Communication; Body Temperature Regulation; Exocrine Glands; Gerbillinae; Scent Glands MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0735-7036 LAEnglish JCDNQ SBM UI86003440 TILatent inhibition experiments with goldfish (Carassius auratus). ABEvidence of latent inhibition was sought in a series of experiments with goldfish. In Experiment 1, goldfish were given nonreinforced preexposure to a color that subsequently predicted shock in an activity conditioning situation; their performance did not differ from that of control animals preexposed to a markedly different color. In Experiment 2, a group of goldfish given nonreinforced preexposure to a tone and an unstimulated control group were trained in an appetitive situation, with the tone serving either as a conditioned excitor or as a conditioned inhibitor. Preexposure had no significant effect in the conditioned excitation training, but it reduced the level of responding both to the positive stimulus and to the negative compound in the conditioned inhibition training. In Experiments 3 and 4, classical aversive conditioning was studied in the shuttle box. In Experiment 3, excitatory conditioning to a color was found to be impaired (relative to the performance of nonpreexposed control animals) as much by nonreinforced preexposure to the training color as by nonreinforced preexposure to a markedly different color; substantial variation in amount of preexposure was without significant effect. In the conditioned inhibition training of Experiment 4, animals with nonreinforced preexposure responded less than did unstimulated control animals both to the positive stimulus and to the negative compound. The results for goldfish can be understood on the assumption that the effect of preexposure in these animals is simply to reduce general responsiveness or level of arousal. AUShishimi A EM8601 IDMH 33077 SOJ Comp Psychol (United States), Sep 1985, 99(3) p316-27 MJConditioning, Classical; Inhibition (Psychology) MNArousal; Association Learning; Avoidance Learning; Color Perception; Conditioning, Operant; Goldfish; Recall MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0735-7036 LAEnglish JCDNQ SBM UI86003441 TIResponsiveness to estrous chemostimuli in male rats (Rattus norvegicus) of different ages. ABPrevious findings indicate that Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) respond differentially to estrous chemostimuli in early infancy and that adult male sexual responsiveness to such chemostimuli depends on infantile experience with suckling odors (Fillion & Blass, in press). The development of behavioral responsiveness to estrous chemostimuli in male rats from late infancy to adulthood was examined in this study. Preweanling, adolescent, and adult males were observed for 20 min in the presence of an anesthetized estrous or an anesthetized diestrous female. This was, for adolescent and adult subjects, the first heterosexual encounter since weaning. Rats in each age-group responded differentially according to female state, but in distinct, age-related ways. Preweanling spent more time investigating the female's body if she was estrous. Adults expressed the same affinity but by more focused investigation directed perivaginally. Adolescents showed no female-directed bias but groomed themselves more if the female was estrous. These data identify developmental continuities and discontinuities in male rat behavior toward sexually receptive females. AUFillion TJ; Blass EM EM8601 IDAM 18560 SOJ Comp Psychol (United States), Sep 1985, 99(3) p328-35 MJAging; Estrus; Sex Behavior, Animal; Smell MNArousal; Odors; Rats; Sex Maturation MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0735-7036 LAEnglish JCDNQ SBM UI86003442 TISex differences in urinary odors produced by young laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). ABResponses of adult female rats to male and female pup urine were examined in three experiments. Investigatory sniffing of male and female pup urine deposits by maternal rats was compared in a series of simultaneous choice tests given at 3-day intervals between Day 2 and Day 17 postpartum. Male urine was consistently preferred. Introduction of male, but not female, pup urine to the nest was also found to significantly elevate maternal licking of anogenital regions of pups. Thus, urine from pups of various ages contains sex-identifying odors that differentially elicit spontaneous maternal interest. The odor of male urine may provide a sufficient stimulus to account for the greater anogenital licking that males of this species normally receive. Nonmaternal, naive, adult females behaved like maternal rats, preferring male urine in the choice test. This indicates that the maternal condition of a dam is not necessary either for the olfactory discrimination or for the male odor preference. AUMoore CL EM8601 SOJ Comp Psychol (United States), Sep 1985, 99(3) p336-41 MJAnimals, Newborn; Maternal Behavior; Odors; Smell MNCues; Discrimination (Psychology); Rats; Sex Factors MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0735-7036 LAEnglish JCDNQ SBM UI86003443 TIPenile responses of rats (Rattus norvegicus) in extended ex copula tests. ABProlonged tests of rats' penile responses outside the context of copulation (ex copula) were undertaken to facilitate analysis of these penile components of copulatory behavior. Penile erections and flips were evoked for 1 hr following penile sheath retraction (SR), and rats were retested for 30 min after a rest interval of 5 min to 4 hr. The number of penile responses declined sharply over the course of the hour. Following a 5-min rest, there was little likelihood of additional responses. Within 2 hr some measures of penile response potential approached their original high asymptotes; other measures were still depressed after 4-hr rest. In control tests, the penile sheath was unretracted (SU) during the first 60 min, and hence few or no penile responses occurred. This condition caused no reduction in the number of erections and flips in the subsequent 30-min SR test; hence the reduction in response potential during and after SR tests was due to the responses displayed, not to the conditions of restraint. Ejaculation occurred frequently in the SU condition but rarely in SR tests, results suggesting that sheath retraction may normally inhibit ejaculation in ex copula tests, and perhaps during copulation as well. AUSachs BD EM8601 IDHD-08933 SOJ Comp Psychol (United States), Sep 1985, 99(3) p342-9 MJCopulation; Penile Erection MNArousal; Ejaculation; Rats; Reaction Time MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0735-7036 LAEnglish JCDNQ SBM UI86003444 TIKinship and affiliative behavior patterns in a captive group of Celebes black apes (Macaca nigra). ABThe influence of matrilineal kinship on four socially affiliative behavior patterns--grooming, contact, proximity, and play--was studied in a little-known primate species, the Celebes black ape (Macaca nigra). Twenty group-living black apes, comprising four genealogical groups, were observed for more than 100 hr; data were collected by the instantaneous scan technique. Animals spent more time than was expected by chance grooming, in contact with, and in proximity to their matrilineal relatives, but they did not play with relatives more than was expected. The proximal mechanisms responsible for these results are unknown, and increased familiarity among matrilineal relatives may have influenced the interaction patterns in the group. The results obtained in this study are similar to those of many others that demonstrate differential behavior toward kin, and they are consistent with the theory that animals may increase their inclusive fitness by interacting preferentially with relatives. AUBaker SC; Estep DQ EM8601 IDRR-00165 SOJ Comp Psychol (United States), Sep 1985, 99(3) p356-60 MJAnimals, Zoo; Behavior, Animal; Interpersonal Relations; Macaca MNGenetics, Behavioral; Grooming; Selection (Genetics); Spatial Behavior MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.6. (NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases); EC 1.6.- (Methemoglobin Reductase) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003445 TINADH-ferrihemoglobin reductase in avian erythrocytes. ABThe assay for NADH-ferrihemoglobin reductase (NADH-FR) was optimized for avian blood samples. In this assay the pH optimum for Japanese quail red cell NADH-FR was 5.5, which was close to the enzyme's pI. Enzyme kinetic parameters were determined for quail, chicken and turkey NADH-FR. Preparation of erythrocyte ghost-cells and subsequent fractionation showed that the enzyme was present in the plasma membrane as well as in the nuclear membrane, while Triton X-100 treatment gave a release of enzyme activity from the membrane. In the cytosolar fraction of avian red cells no NADH-FR could be detected. AUvan Iersel AA; Blaauboer BJ EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p1027-31 MJBirds; Erythrocytes; Methemoglobin Reductase; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases MNChickens /BL; Erythrocyte Membrane /EN; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Nuclear Membrane /EN; Quail /BL; Turkeys /BL MTAnimal; Comparative Study RNEC 2.4.2. (Pentosyltransferases); EC 2.4.2.- (purine phosphoribosyltransferase) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003446 TISubcellular localisation of purine-metabolising enzymes in Leishmania mexicana mexicana. ABLeishmania mexicana mexicana cultured promastigotes were fractionated by isopycnic centrifugation on linear sucrose gradients. Guanine, hypoxanthine and xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activities were found to be associated with glycosomes, whereas adenine phosphoribosyltransferase was cytosolic. 3'- and 5'-nucleotidases and IMP dehydrogenase were shown to be particulate, the former two possibly being associated with the plasma membrane, IMP dehydrogenase with the endoplasmic reticulum. Nucleosidases and deaminases were found to be cytosolic. The results demonstrate that intracellular separation of enzymes could play a part in the regulation of the parasite's purine metabolism. AUHassan HF; Mottram JC; Coombs GH EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p1037-40 MJLeishmania donovani; Purines MNCell Compartmentation; Enzymes /ME; Pentosyltransferases /ME; Subcellular Fractions /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003447 TISomatostatin binding sites in cytosolic fraction of rabbit intestinal mucosa: distribution throughout the intestinal tract. ABSpecific binding sites for somatostatin have been identified in cytosolic fraction of both small and large intestinal mucosa. The stoichiometric data suggested the presence of two classes of binding sites in each part of the intestine. The binding capacity varied depending on the segment considered (rectum greater than duodenum = jejunum greater than ileum, caecum and colon). However, the affinities of the binding sites were similar throughout the whole intestinal mucosa, with the exception of rectum which showed higher Kd values. The binding sites were shown to be highly specific for somatostatin since neuropeptides such as vasoactive intestinal peptide, neurotensin, substance P and Leu-enkephalin did not show any effect upon somatostatin binding. AULopez-Ruiz MP ; Arilla E; Gonzalez-Guijarro L; Prieto JC EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p1041-4 MJIntestinal Mucosa; Somatostatin MNBinding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Cytosol /ME; Kinetics; Nerve Tissue Proteins /ME; Rabbits; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003448 TIIsolation and characterization of deoxyribonucleic acid from tissue of the woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius. ABDNA was isolated from tissue samples of several mammoth specimens, radiocarbon dated between 10,000 and 53,000 years old. The DNA was purified by chromatography on hydroxyapatite at 60 degrees C and was characterized as a heterogeneous population of fragments ranging in size from 3000 to 200 base pairs. Thermal denaturation analysis demonstrated that approximately 25% of the DNA had a base composition similar to Asian elephant DNA calculated as 36% G + C. Preliminary analysis by nucleic acid hybridization indicated that only a small fraction of DNA isolated from mammoth tissue (2-5%) was homologous to DNA of Asian elephant, a close living relative of the mammoth. Our results provide the first definitive isolation and characterization of DNA from ancient tissue and suggest a purification strategy that will lead to preparations of DNA from mammoth tissue significantly enriched in elephant-related DNA sequences. AUJohnson PH; Olson CB; Goodman M EM8601 IDGM-23690; GM-30553 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p1045-51 MJDNA /IP; Elephants; Evolution; Fossils; Paleontology MNBase Sequence; DNA /GE; Muscles /AN; Nucleic Acid Hybridization MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.1.1.27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase); EC 1.3.99.1 (Succinate Dehydrogenase); EC 1.9.3.1 (Cytochrome Oxidase) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003449 TIMetabolic differentiation of red and white skeletal muscle in vivo and in monolayer culture. ABCytochrome oxidase, succinate oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase were compared in: (a) leg and breast muscle from 11-19-day-old chick embryos; and (b) 2, 6, 10 and 14-day-old primary cell cultures established from myoblasts of embryonic leg and breast muscle. Cytochrome oxidase, succinate oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were higher (48.8, 65.4, 277.6%, respectively) in leg muscle after 19 days in ovo. Cytochrome and succinate oxidase activities were higher (111.3, 48.1%, respectively) in leg muscle cell cultures after 14 days in vitro. The data represent evidence for intrinsic developmental patterns for certain enzymes. AUBarnes WS EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p1057-62 MJMuscles /ME MNCell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Cytochrome Oxidase /ME; Lactate Dehydrogenase /ME; Muscles /CY; Succinate Dehydrogenase /ME; Time Factors MTAnimal; Comparative Study RNEC 3.2.1.17 (Muramidase) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003450 TIBiochemical characterization of lysozymes present in egg white of selected species of anatid birds. ABThe isolation of lysozyme from the egg white of several representative species of waterfowl is described. The purified lysozymes were analyzed to determine the type and molecular weight of each enzyme. All enzymes found in duck egg whites were found to be of the c-type. In contrast all true geese, and the mute swan species as well as the northern blackneck screamer contain lysozyme g in their egg white. AUD'Surney SJ; deKloet SR EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p1063-6 MJBirds; Muramidase MNDucks /ME; Geese /ME; Ovum /EN; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study RNEC 2.7.1.11 (Phosphofructokinase); 1476-84-2 (magnesium ATP); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003451 TIInfluence of ATP and magnesium on phosphofructokinase from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) liver. ABGlycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) from sea-bass liver shows inhibition for ATP4- and MG-ATP2-, and ATP4- is a competitive inhibitor with respect to MG-ATP2-. Free Mg2+ behaves as a mixed inhibitor on the kinetic with respect to the true enzyme substrate Mg-ATP2-, and eliminates the inhibition effect of this substrate. The kinetics with respect to Mg-ATP2- at non-inhibiting concentrations is not visibly affected by temperature of pH variation. The inhibiting effect of Mg-ATP2- is more marked at 22 and 10 degrees C (of three assayed temperatures 22, 15 and 10 degrees C and at physiological pH 6.8) as opposed to the maximum activity pH (8.0). AUFideu MD; Herranz MJ; Ruiz-Amil M ; Perez ML EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p1067-71 MJFishes; Liver; Phosphofructokinase /ME MNAdenosine Triphosphate /PD; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Magnesium /PD; Phosphofructokinase /AI; Temperature MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.6. (NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases); EC 1.6.- (metmyoglobin reductase); 138-85-2 (4-hydroxymercuribenzoate); 53-84-9 (NAD) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003452 TIIsolation and characterization of metmyoglobin reductase from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). ABThe isolation, purification, and characterization of metmyoglobin reductase from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is described. The enzyme has been purified 120-fold. Characterization of the enzyme includes molecular weight, isoelectric point, substrate specificity, enzyme kinetics, chromatographic behavior, and sensitivity to inhibitors. The physical and catalytic properties of the tuna enzyme are compared to those of bovine and blue-white dolphin metmyoglobin reductase. AULevy MJ; Livingston DJ; Criddle RS; Brown WD EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p809-14 MJFishes; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases /IP; Tuna MNCattle; Dolphins /ME; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxymercuribenzoates /PD; Molecular Weight; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases /AI /ME; NAD /PD; Species Specificity; Temperature MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.3.2 (Acid Phosphatase) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003453 TIAlteration of the cell surface acid phosphatase concomitant with the morphological transformation in Trypanosoma cruzi. ABAcid phosphatase activity in Trypanosoma cruzi was found to be located on the external surface of the plasma membranes. Both specific activity and activity per cell of this bound enzyme were significantly higher in the cells of amastigote (an intracellular form) than that of trypomastigote (a bloodstream form) and epimastigote (culture form). During the transformation of epimastigotes to amastigotes in vitro the activity of surface acid phosphatase was elevated concomitant with the increase in population of amastigotes. These results were interpreted as that the elevated enzyme activity is required for the intracellular parasitization of this organism or is a consequence of the morphological transformation. AUNagakura K; Tachibana H; Kaneda Y EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p815-7 MJAcid Phosphatase; Trypanosoma Cruzi MNAdaptation, Physiological; Cell Membrane /EN; Hela Cells; Trypanosoma Cruzi /GD /PH MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (glycosylated serum albumin) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003454 TIAn interspecies comparison of normal levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and glycosylated albumin. ABAminophenylboronic acid affinity chromatography was used to measure glycosylated hemoglobin and glycosylated albumin levels in a variety of species. The highest glycosylated hemoglobin levels were found in man, the lowest in the chicken and the pig. The highest glycosylated albumin levels were found in avian species, the lowest in the mouse and the rat. A simple kinetic model was used to analyze the rates of formation of glycosylated hemoglobin and albumin in the various species. Rates of glycosylated albumin formation were very similar across the species while rates of glycosylated hemoglobin formation were quite different, presumably reflecting wide differences in erythrocyte permeability to glucose among the species. AURendell M; Stephen PM; Paulsen R; Valentine JL; Rasbold K; Hestorff T; Eastberg S; Shint DC EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p819-22 MJHemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Serum Albumin MNBlood Glucose /ME; Chromatography, Affinity; Dogs; Erythrocytes /ME; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated /BI; Mice; Rabbits; Rats; Serum Albumin /BI; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003455 TILipid composition of squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) saliva. ABThe content and composition of lipids in saliva of healthy caries-free squirrel monkeys were investigated. The dialyzed and lyophilized saliva on extraction with chloroform/methanol yielded 8.0 +/- 0.9 mg of lipids/100 ml of saliva. Following fractionation on silicic acid column, 30.9% of lipids were found in the neutral lipid fraction, 58.8% in the glycolipid fraction, and 10.3% in the phospholipid fraction. The neutral lipids exhibited high content of free fatty acids (58.8%) and triglycerides (23.3%), the glycolipids consisted mainly of neutral and sulfated glyceroglucolipids (95%), while the phospholipids were rich in sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine. The results show that squirrel monkey saliva, while displaying lipid content similar to that of caries-susceptible humans, contains 50% less lipids than saliva of periodontal disease-prone marmoset. AUMurty VL; Slomiany BL; Slomiany A; Jozwiak Z; Kosmala M; Mandel ID EM8601 IDDE 05666-05 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p823-6 MJCebidae; Lipids; Saimiri; Saliva MNCallithricidae; Disease Models, Animal; Glycolipids /AN; Periodontitis /ET; Phospholipids /AN; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.4. (Amino Acid Oxidoreductases); EC 1.4.- (Lysyl Oxidase) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003456 TIImmunological characterization of bovine lysyl oxidase. ABAntibodies to homogeneously purified bovine aortic lysyl oxidase were prepared in chickens. The chicken anti-lysyl oxidase antiserum effectively inhibited bovine aortic lysyl oxidase activity. Non-immune antiserum from chickens, goats and humans was found to enhance bovine aortic lysyl oxidase activity, while non-immune rabbit serum inhibited enzyme activity. A competitive ELISA was developed to monitor immunoreactive lysyl oxidase during purification. Chromatography of bovine lysyl oxidase on Sephacryl S-200, the final step in purification, revealed two peaks of immunoreactive lysyl oxidase. The large molecular weight peak appears to contain inactive multimeric forms of the enzyme. AUBurbelo PD; Kagan HM; Chichester CO EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p845-9 MJAmino Acid Oxidoreductases; Lysyl Oxidase MNAntibody Specificity; Aorta /EN; Cattle; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Lysyl Oxidase /IP; Molecular Weight MTAnimal RN300-85-6 (3-hydroxybutyric acid); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 6915-15-7 (malic acid) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003457 TIKetogenic regulation by certain metabolites in rumen epithelium. ABIn experiments with rumen epithelium incubated in vitro in the presence of butyrate, the ketogenic effect of glucose was shared by epimeric monosaccharides but not by non-metabolizable analogues. 14C from glucose was not incorporated into ketone bodies. Malate increased ketogenesis from butyrate and decreased its oxidation, pyruvate and NH4+ had the opposite effect, and malonate inhibited both processes. The ketogenic effect of glucose was also effective with isovalerate maintaining the high proportion of acetoacetate which is characteristic of this substrate. Rumen epithelium transformed added acetoacetate into 3-hydroxybutyrate. It is concluded that reducing equivalents produced from glucose and other metabolizable substrates are responsible regulators of ketogenesis from butyrate. The results are discussed in view of the functional role of ruminal ketogenesis. AUGiesecke D; Beck U; Emmanuel B EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p863-7 MJKetone Bodies; Rumen /ME MNCattle; Epithelium /ME; Glucose /PD; Hydroxybutyrates /BI; Malates /PD; Monosaccharides /PD; Rumen /DE MTAnimal; In Vitro RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 7723-14-0 (Phosphorus) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003458 TIInduction, isolation and a characterization of the lipid content of plasma vitellogenin from two Salmo species: rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and sea trout (Salmo trutta). ABVitellogenin synthesis is induced in juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and juvenile sea trout (Salmo trutta) by estradiol-17 beta. A purification procedure for vitellogenin from trout plasma by precipitation with MgCl2-EDTA and subsequent anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel is described. The total lipid contents of purified rainbow trout and sea trout vitellogenins are 18 and 19%, respectively. Approximately 2/3 of the lipids are phospholipids, while the remainder consists of triglycerides and cholesterol. Phosphorus determinations on delipidated vitellogenin yield a phosphorus content of 0.63% in rainbow trout and 0.58% in sea trout vitellogenin. Native (dimeric) vitellogenins from rainbow trout and sea trout both have an apparent molecular weight of 440,000, when estimated by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B. AUNorberg B; Haux C EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p869-76 MJLipids; Salmonidae; Trout; Vitellogenin MNEstradiol /PD; Molecular Weight; Phosphorus /AN; Species Specificity; Vitellogenin /IP MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003459 TIEffects of temperature on glucose release and glycogen metabolism in isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). ABEndogenous glucose release and glycogen metabolism were investigated in isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout acclimated to 10 and 20 degrees C. Thermal acclimation did not significantly affect hepatocyte glycogen contents and the rates of glucose release during substrate-free incubations. In both acclimation groups glucose production and glycogen metabolism exhibited clearly different dependencies on assay temperature. It was concluded, that there are different sources of glucose release in the lower and upper temperature range--gluconeogenesis from endogenous precursors at low temperatures and glycogenolysis at high temperatures. This conclusion was supported by experiments with 3-mercaptopicolinic acid, which stimulated glycogen breakdown especially in the low temperature range. AUSeibert H EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p877-83 MJGlucose; Liver Glycogen; Liver; Salmonidae; Trout MNAcclimatization; Gluconeogenesis; Temperature; Thermodynamics MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-21-5 (lactic acid); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen); 9013-72-3 (Hemocyanin) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003460 TIA model for L-lactate binding to Cancer magister hemocyanin. ABL-Lactate raises the oxygen affinity of Cancer magister hemocyanin. The L-lactate analogs, D-lactate, glycolate and 2-methyl-lactate cause smaller increases in an oxygen binding affinity. Other analogs have no detectable effect. These data suggest that L-lactate binds to the hemocyanin at all four positions around the chiral carbon. The carboxyl and hydroxyl groups are required for activity. The protein can only partially distinguish between the methyl group and hydrogen atom. AUGraham RA EM8601 ID5T332; GM 07527 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p885-7 MJCrabs; Hemocyanin; Lactates; Models, Chemical MNAllosteric Site; Oxygen MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9007-73-2 (Ferritin) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003461 TIA comparison by HPLC of ferritin subunit types in human tissues. ABFerritin was isolated from human liver and spleen. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography of the ferritin subunits from each tissue yielded the same three chromatographic fractions. Physical and chemical characterization of the three fractions indicated that they represented at least two, perhaps three, chemically distinct subunits. AUCollawn JF Jr; Donato H Jr; Upshur JK; Fish WW EM8601 IDHL-19491 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p901-4 MJFerritin MNAmino Acids /AN; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Liver /AN; Protein Conformation; Spleen /AN MTComparative Study; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1.34 (Lipoprotein Lipase); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003462 TIAdaptations of adipose tissue metabolism and number of insulin receptors in pregnant sheep. ABThe endocrine control of adipose tissue metabolism during pregnancy in sheep has been investigated. The number of insulin receptors of sheep adipocytes was increased during pregnancy. There was no apparent change in the concentration of serum insulin during pregnancy in sheep while the rise in serum progesterone concentration was smaller and more gradual than in rats. Net lipid deposition in adipocytes occurred during the first 55 days of pregnancy, probably due primarily to increased lipoprotein lipase activity. Net deposition of lipid had ceased by mid-pregnancy while by 125 days of pregnancy, the rate of fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue was decreased and the serum fatty acid concentration had risen, suggesting the onset of net lipid mobilization in the tissue. Results are compared with those from other studies with rats; it would appear that different mechanisms regulate lipid deposition during pregnancy in sheep and rats. AUVernon RG; Clegg RA; Flint DJ EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p909-13 MJAdipose Tissue; Receptors, Insulin; Sheep MNAdaptation, Physiological; Endocrine Glands /PH; Fatty Acids /BI; Insulin /BL; Lipids /ME; Lipoprotein Lipase /ME; Pregnancy; Progesterone /BL; Seasons MTAnimal; Female RNEC 2.7. (Phosphotransferases); EC 2.7.5.3 (Phosphoglyceromutase) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003463 TIPurification and properties of the phosphoglycerate mutase isozymes from the mouse. ABThe two homodimeric isozymes of phosphoglycerate mutase have been purified from murine kidney and muscle. No differences were observed in the Michaelis-Menten constant for the substrate 2-phospho-D-glycerate, in molecular weight, temperature and pH optima, when the purified isozymes were compared. The isozymes differ in their inhibition constants for phosphoenolpyruvate, in their Michaelis constants for 3-phospho-D-glycerate and 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate, their thermal and pH lability and in their sensitivity towards mercury ions. AUFundele R; Krietsch WK EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p965-8 MJIsoenzymes; Phosphoglyceromutase; Phosphotransferases MNHydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoenzymes /ME; Kidney /EN; Kinetics; Mice; Muscles /EN; Phosphoglyceromutase /ME; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.1.1.27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase); EC 1.1.1.37 (Malate Dehydrogenase); EC 2.7.3.2 (Creatine Kinase); 127-17-3 (pyruvic acid); 50-21-5 (lactic acid); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003464 TIEffect of denervation on the glycolytic metabolism of the main electric organ of Electrophorus electricus (L.). ABBiochemical modifications of the glycolytic metabolism of the electric organ of Electrophorus electricus (L.) have been studied as a function of denervation. The activities of LDH, MDH and the concentrations of ATP, lactic and pyruvic acids were measured at intervals of zero, 15, 30 and 60 days following denervation. In parallel, CPK activity was also measured. All of these biochemical characteristics were substantially altered by denervation. The results obtained point to a change, after 15 days of denervation, from the normal anaerobic to an aerobic metabolism which remains after 30 days and reverts to anaerobic at 60 days. AUTorres-da Matta J; Silva CB; da Matta AN; Hasson-Voloch A EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p969-73 MJElectric Organ /ME; Electrophorus; Glycolysis MNAdenosine Triphosphate /ME; Creatine Kinase /ME; Electric Organ /IR; Lactate Dehydrogenase /ME; Lactates /ME; Malate Dehydrogenase /ME; Pyruvates /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.3. (Phosphomonoesterases); EC 3.1.3.- (glucose 1,6-diphosphate phosphatase); 10139-18-1 (glucose 1,6-bisphosphate) IS0305-0491 LAEnglish JCDNV SBM UI86003465 TIMetabolism of glucose 1,6-P2--II. Glucose 1,6-P2 phosphatase in pig muscle. ABMost of the glucose 1,6-P2 phosphatase activity of pig skeletal muscle is present in the cytosolic fraction. Four peaks of glucose 1,6-P2 phosphatase activity are obtained when the cytosolic fraction from pig muscle is subjected to DE-cellulose chromatography. All the peaks hydrolyze other phosphocompounds in addition to glucose 1,6-P2. The glucose 1,6-P2 phosphatase activity of the main peak shows an optimal neutral pH. It is activated by divalent cations, Mg2+ being more effective than Mn2+. The addition of Ca2+ or EGTA does not affect the enzymatic activity. IMP does not possess any effect. It is concluded that this enzyme is different from the glucose 1,6-P2 phosphatases found in mouse brain cytosol and rat skeletal muscle. AUBassols A; Cusso R ; Carreras J EM8601 SOComp Biochem Physiol [B] (England), 1985, 81(4) p981-7 MJGlucosephosphates; Muscles; Phosphomonoesterases /ME MNChromatography, Ion Exchange; Cytosol /ME; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mice; Phosphomonoesterases /IP; Rats; Species Specificity; Swine /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0010-4825 LAEnglish JCDOC SBM UI86003470 TIA computer-based data acquisition system for breathing and exercise entrainment studies. ABAn interactive, real-time, computer-based data acquisition system was designed to obtain data for breathing and exercise entrainment studies. By timing the steps of subjects walking on a treadmill relative to different points in the respiratory cycle (e.g. the beginning and end of inspiration), the relation between gait and ventilation can be followed on a breath-by-breath basis. Accurate establishment of the beginning and end of respiratory events from a pneumotachygraph signal was assured by using tidal volume thresholds for (1) noise, (2) minimum valid volume and (3) minimum duration. AUParker BE Jr; Adams JM; Hill AR EM8601 SOComput Biol Med (United States), 1985, 15(5) p279-85 MJComputers; Exertion; Respiration MNGait; Information Systems; Tidal Volume; Time Factors MTHuman IS0010-4825 LAEnglish JCDOC SBM UI86003471 TIOn the solution of equations for renal counterflow models. ABThe results of a comparative study of three discretization techniques and the solution of the resulting algebraic equations by three methods is given. For this study, a four-tube central core model with diffusion in the core was selected and equations were derived for a coherent and efficient implementation. The results of this study show that sparse matrix techniques that take the physiological connectivity of the kidney lead to significant savings in computer storage, running time and overall cost. AUTewarson RP; Stephenson JL; Garcia M; Zhang Y EM8601 IDAM17593; AM315500182 SOComput Biol Med (United States), 1985, 15(5) p287-95 MJBiometry; Computers; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Models, Biological MNKidney Medulla /PH MTAnimal; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0010-4825 LAEnglish JCDOC SBM UI86003472 TIComputerized EEG pattern classification by adaptive segmentation and probability-density-function classification. Description of the method. ABA phenomenological model for the representation of clinical EEGs is proposed. It assumes each individual record to consist of a few repetitive patterns which are described sufficiently by their power spectra. An algorithm for automatic EEG evaluation is described. It consists of two steps, a segmentation process which isolates the elementary patterns, and a clustering procedure which groups similar patterns with each other. Results are represented in graphical form. Diagnostic classification is not attempted. An appendix highlights the advantages of autoregressive modelling for EEG spectral analysis and, in particular, the estimation of the power contained in the various ╥rhythms╙. AUBodenstein G; Schneider W; Malsburg CV EM8601 SOComput Biol Med (United States), 1985, 15(5) p297-313 MJComputers; Electroencephalography; Microcomputers MNBiometry; Pattern Recognition MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0010-4825 LAEnglish JCDOC SBM UI86003473 TICADIAG: approaches to computer-assisted medical diagnosis. ABCADIAG-1 is a medical expert system, based on a symbolic logic representation of medical relationships. Strong relationships such as confirming, excluding or obligatory occurrence are applied to confirm or exclude diagnoses. Weak relationships are represented by facultative and not confirming relationships (FN-relationships). Diagnostic hypotheses are established by systematic combination of symptoms showing FN-relationships. CADIAG-2, a medical expert system based on fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, allows detailed specification of medical relationships. Here the diagnostic process also provides confirmed and excluded diagnoses as well as diagnostic hypotheses. Hypotheses are calculated by considering fuzzy relationships between medical entities. 426 cases with rheumatic and 47 cases with pancreatic diseases were tested. For CADIAG-1, the overall accuracy for confirmation and hypothesis generation is calculated with 91.1% for rheumatic diseases and 100% for pancreatic diseases. CADIAG-2 reached an overall accuracy of 93.7% for rheumatic cases and 91.5% for pancreatic cases. AUAdlassing KP; Kolarz G; Scheithauer W; Effenberger H; Grabner G EM8601 SOComput Biol Med (United States), 1985, 15(5) p315-35 MJArtificial Intelligence; Diagnosis, Computer Assisted MNInformation Systems; Logic; Pancreatic Diseases /DI; Rheumatism /DI MCReview MTHuman IS0010-4825 LAEnglish JCDOC SBM UI86003474 TIA new EDP assisted dietary survey employing a simple and concise data collection method. ABThe aim of the work was a diet analysis practice both accurate and simple to be used in daily applications. The subject records in real time his intake by employing the portion of food as unit of measure. Through the recipes, which may be obtained in deferred time, data are then reorganized by EDP to match food composition data of literature. A food composition table management system was developed which avoids vacancies of data: nine different sources from literature were used. The fact that the subjects records in a simple and concise way his intakes permits prolonged investigation: slight alterations of the diet are possible without changing his food preferences and with minimum reduction of compliance. AUCok P; de Bernard B; Francescato MP EM8601 SOComput Biol Med (United States), 1985, 15(5) p337-51 MJComputers; Diet Surveys; Nutrition Surveys MNData Collection /MT; Diet; Energy Metabolism; Food Analysis MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0010-4809 LAEnglish JCDOF SBM UI86003478 TIComputer-assisted analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis images using an array processor. ABThe CLIP4 machine has been used to analyze two-dimensional electrophoresis gel images. The architecture of the CLIP4 machine allows high-speed processing of gel images unavailable on conventional machines. The paper gives a brief review of the CLIP system followed by a detailed description of the segmentation and comparison algorithms. The segmentation algorithm makes full use of methods already designed for other gel analysis systems, but optimized for use on the highly parallel CLIP4 machine. The comparison algorithm is a totally new method using, to the full, the parallel efficiency of the CLIP4 computer. The algorithm attempts to match each spot on one gel with a corresponding spot on a second gel, operating simultaneously on all pairs of spots. AUPotter DJ EM8601 SOComput Biomed Res (United States), Aug 1985, 18(4) p347-62 MJComputers; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Image Enhancement MNBiometry MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0010-4809 LAEnglish JCDOF SBM UI86003479 TIRidge regression and its application to medical data. ABIn this paper, data analysis techniques are employed to investigate the optimal properties of the ridge estimators and the stability of regression estimates. Numerical examples from the medical field are taken to compare the predictive ability of ridge regression analysis to that of ordinary regression analysis. AUJain RK EM8601 SOComput Biomed Res (United States), Aug 1985, 18(4) p363-8 MJBiometry; Regression Analysis IS0010-4809 LAEnglish JCDOF SBM UI86003481 TICritical evaluation of quadratic logistic discriminant analysis methods: a case study. ABElectrocardiographic measurements from two groups, patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and clinically normal cases, were analyzed to illustrate the performance of the linear logistic discrimination method in the case of very unequal covariance matrices. Two quadratic extensions of the linear model were critically investigated. The use of graphical methods to check the model has been stressed and illustrated. AULesaffre E; Willems JL; Pardaens J; Van der Meulen EC EM8601 SOComput Biomed Res (United States), Aug 1985, 18(4) p377-90 MJBiometry MNElectrocardiography; Evaluation Studies; Heart Enlargement /DI /PP; Information Systems MTHuman IS0010-4809 LAEnglish JCDOF SBM UI86003482 TITwo-step estimators of the scale parameter of the Weibull distribution. ABAn efficient two-step method of estimating the scale parameter of the Weibull distribution is presented and compared to other estimation procedures. The shape parameter is obtained by a procedure other than maximum likelihood and then substituted into the maximum likelihood formula for the scale parameter. Three two-step and four one-step estimators were compared using a Monte Carlo simulation. When the shape parameter is less than one, the two-step estimator using a generalized least-squares estimate of the shape parameter was best in terms of observed relative efficiency. Maximum likelihood was best, but followed closely by the generalized least-squares estimator when the shape parameter is greater than one. AUEngeman RM; Keefe TJ EM8601 SOComput Biomed Res (United States), Aug 1985, 18(4) p391-6 MJBiometry MNMonte Carlo Method MTComparative Study RN37341-29-0 (IgE) IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003489 TIContact sensitivity in adults with atopic dermatitis in childhood. AB2 groups of patients were patch tested with a standard series of allergens. 1 group of 159 individuals aged 24-44 years had a history of severe atopic dermatitis, and the other group of 130 individuals in the same age range, had had moderate atopic dermatitis in childhood. In group 1, positive reactions were recorded in 17% and in group 2 in 23%. A significant difference in the % of individuals with positive reactions was found between those who had healed (9%) and those who had not healed (22%) before 15 years of age (P less than 0.05). The frequency of individuals with hand eczema in adult life was higher, but not significantly, among sensitized than non-sensitized individuals. Altogether 100 positive reactions were found in groups 1 and 2. The average number of positive reactions per person was significantly higher in individuals with than without hand eczema in adult life (P less than 0.05). The most frequent contact allergens were fragrance-mix, balsam of Peru and nickel, which had sensitized 8.0%, 4.5% and 4.1% of the individuals, respectively. AURystedt I EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p1-8 MJDermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Contact MNAdolescence; Adult; Allergens; Asthma /DI; Child, Preschool; Child; Dermatitis, Atopic /IM; Dermatitis, Contact /IM; Eczema /DI; Follow-Up Studies; IgE /ME; Infant; Patch Tests MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN108-88-3 (Toluene); 9004-34-6 (Cellulose); 93586-17-5 (antixol) IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003490 TIEvaluation of the protective value of an antisolvent gel by laser Doppler flowmetry and histology. ABIn a previous histological study, we observed the protective efficiency of an antisolvent gel (Antixol) against the skin irritation induced by epicutaneous application of n-hexane for 15 and 30 min. In the present study, we tried to evaluate the protective efficiency of the Antixol gel against the cutaneous irritation induced by the application of toluene for 10 min. The possible application of laser Doppler flowmetry as a new objective method to test skin irritation and to evaluate the protective efficiency of barrier creams and gels was confirmed by the histological findings. AUMahmoud G; Lachapelle JM EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p14-9 MJCellulose; Dermatitis, Contact /PC; Ethanolamines; Flowmeters; Proteins; Toluene MNCellulose /PD; Dermatitis, Contact /PA; Guinea Pigs; Premedication; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Skin /BS /PA MTAnimal; Female RN92-77-3 (naphthol AS) IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003491 TINaphthol AS as a cause of pigmented contact dermatitis. ABNaphthol AS is a coupling agent of cotton dyeing. 2 elderly women with hyperpigmentation of the neck and limbs are described. Both felt itching on the neck, forearms, and lower extremities and noted hyperpigmentation a month later. Both had worn cotton flannel nightdresses in winter. Patch testing with cotton flannel and methanol extracts were positive, but after estraction with methanol, the residual flannel did not react. The methanol extracts of cotton flannel, were analysed. The patients were tested with 5 extracted components; Naphthol AS was found to be the causative agent. AUHayakawa R; Matsunaga K; Kojima S; Kaniwa M; Nakamura A EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p20-5 MJDermatitis, Contact; Dyes; Naphthols MNDermatitis, Contact /PA; Middle Age; Patch Tests; Skin Pigmentation /DE; Skin /PA MTCase Report; Female; Human RN7727-54-0 (ammonium peroxydisulfate); 7783-20-2 (Ammonium Sulfate) IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003492 TIAmmonium persulphate sensitivity in hairdressers. AB12 of 49 professional hairdressers patch tested with ammonium persulphate gave positive reactions, in contrast to 1 of 118 patients who were not hairdressers. 7 out of 10 of these 12 patients have since given up hairdressing. The rate of degradation of ammonium persulphate in pet. and in aqueous solution was estimated, and found to be 24% in 6 months. AUKellett JK; Beck MH EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p26-8 MJAmmonium Sulfate; Hair Dyes; Hair Preparations; Occupational Dermatitis MNAdolescence; Adult; Follow-Up Studies; Patch Tests MTFemale; Human; Male RN7440-02-0 (Nickel); 7786-81-4 (nickel sulfate) IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003493 TIPatch testing for nickel allergy. The influence of the vehicle on the response rate to topical nickel sulphate. ABA group of 43 patients with a clinical history of nickel allergy who exhibited an equivocal or no allergic reaction to a patch test at 48 h were further challenged using several different formulations of nickel sulphate. This experimental test battery comprised aqueous, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and propylene glycol (PG) solutions of nickel sulphate, and nickel sulphate incorporated into cetomacrogol cream and yellow soft paraffin (PMF). Although some of these vehicles were irritant, a formulation-dependent test response was observed, such that in terms of the number of responses per unit weight of nickel sulphate applied to the skin, the vehicles could be ranked: DMSO greater than PG greater than aqueous solution greater than cetomacrogol cream greater than PMF preparations. This ranking could be correlated with the relative ease with which nickel sulphate could be dialysed from each vehicle in vitro. This study demonstrates that for nickel sulphate, the vehicle can influence the outcome of patch testing apparently by modifying the quantity of nickel released into the skin for elicitation of the allergic response. AUMendelow AY; Forsyth A; Florence AT; Baillie AJ EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p29-33 MJDermatitis, Contact; Nickel; Patch Tests; Skin Tests MNDermatitis, Atopic /ET; Vehicles MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN110-65-6 (2-butyne-1,4-diol) IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003494 TIContact dermatitis to Butin-2-diol 1,4. AUBaadsgaard O; Jorgensen J EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p34 MJButanediols; Detergents; Occupational Dermatitis; Surface-Active Agents MNAdult; Patch Tests MTCase Report; Female; Human RN59-87-0 (Nitrofurazone) IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003495 TIAllergic contact dermatitis to nitrofurazone. AUAncona A EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p35 MJDermatitis Medicamentosa; Nitrofurazone; Occupational Dermatitis MNAged; Middle Age; Patch Tests MTCase Report; Human; Male RN51-34-3 (Scopolamine); 51630-58-1 (pydrin) IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003496 TIInhibition of pyrethroid-induced paresthesia by scopolamine. AUFlannigan SA EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p36-7 MJInsecticides; Paresthesia; Pyrethrins; Scopolamine MNAdministration, Topical; Pyrethrins /PD MTHuman RN7440-02-0 (Nickel) IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003497 TIFiddler's neck and nickel dermatitis. AUPincelli C; Motolese A; Pincelli L EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p37 MJDermatitis, Contact; Nickel MNAdolescence; Music; Patch Tests MTCase Report; Female; Human RN62507-76-0 (dexpanthenol); 79-83-4 (Pantothenic Acid) IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003498 TIContact allergy to dexpanthenol. AUGollhausen R; Przybilla B; Ring J EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p38 MJDermatitis Medicamentosa; Pantothenic Acid MNAdult; Pantothenic Acid /AE; Patch Tests MTCase Report; Female; Human RN16830-15-2 (asiaticoside) IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003499 TIContact dermatitis due to Centelase. AUSantucci B; Picardo M; Cristaudo A EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p39 MJCicatrix; Dermatitis Medicamentosa; Triterpenes MNAdult; Middle Age; Patch Tests MTCase Report; Female; Human RN275-51-4 (azulene) IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003500 TIAllergic cheilitis to azulene. AUBalato N; Lembo G; Nappa P; Ayala F EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p39-40 MJCheilitis; Cycloheptanes; Dentifrices; Dermatitis Medicamentosa; Toothpaste MNAdult; Patch Tests MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003501 TIPatch testing with barrier creams. AUMellstrom G ; Wrangsjo K ; Wahlberg JE EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p40-1 MJDermatitis Medicamentosa; Dermatologic Agents; Patch Tests; Skin Tests MTComparative Study; Human IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003502 TIOrganic pigment as a cause of plastic glove dermatitis. AUKanerva L; Jolanki R; Estlander T EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p41-3 MJDermatitis, Contact; Dyes; Occupational Dermatitis MNMiddle Age; Patch Tests MTFemale; Human RN9009-62-5 (Propolis) IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003503 TIContact dermatitis to propolis. AUMachackova J EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p43-4 MJDermatitis, Contact; Propolis; Resins MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Middle Age; Patch Tests MTFemale; Human; Male IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003504 TIIrritant dermatitis due to Euphorbia marginata. AUPinedo JM; Saavedra V; Gonzalez-de-Canales F; Llamas P EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p44 MJDermatitis, Contact; Plants, Toxic MNChild; Patch Tests MTCase Report; Female; Human RN4371-52-2 (Cysteine); 508-59-8 (parthenin) IS0105-1873 LAEnglish JCDP7 SBM UI86003505 TITreatment of dermatitis from parthenin. ABComposites and some other plants containing sesquiterpene lactones, frequently cause allergic contact dermatitis in man. No treatment is available to control this disease successfully. We have used an amino acid, cysteine, to treat allergic contact dermatitis in guinea pigs sensitized to parthenin, a major sesquiterpene lactone of an allergenic weed, Parthenium hysterophorus L. Cysteine treatment of the allergic reaction induced by parthenin resulted in (a) reduced time of recovery and (b) reduced intensity of the skin reaction. AUPicman J; Picman AK EM8601 SOContact Dermatitis (Denmark), Jul 1985, 13(1) p9-13 MJCysteine; Dermatitis, Contact; Sesquiterpenes MNAdministration, Topical; Dermatitis, Contact /ET; Guinea Pigs MTAnimal; Female IS0010-6178 LAEnglish JCDQF UI86003506 TIPsychiatric diagnosis in DSM-III. AUKnoblauch FW EM8601 SOConn Med (United States), Sep 1985, 49(9) p561-5 MJManuals; Mental Disorders MNPersonality Disorders /DI; Psychotic Disorders /DI MTHuman IS0010-6178 LAEnglish JCDQF UI86003507 TIGuidelines for the pharmacological management of depression. AUCreelman W; Goethe JW EM8601 SOConn Med (United States), Sep 1985, 49(9) p565-9 MJAntidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder MNAntidepressive Agents, Tricyclic /TU; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors /TU MTHuman IS0010-6178 LAEnglish JCDQF UI86003508 TIPsychiatric triage. AUBoren C; Zeman P EM8601 SOConn Med (United States), Sep 1985, 49(9) p570-3 MJEmergency Medical Services; Emergency Services, Psychiatric; Mental Disorders /TH; Mental Health Services; Triage MNCrisis Intervention; Mental Disorders /DI MTHuman IS0010-6178 LAEnglish JCDQF UI86003509 TIOngoing intensive hospital treatment. AUBridburg R EM8601 SOConn Med (United States), Sep 1985, 49(9) p574-8 MJHospitalization; Personality Disorders; Schizophrenia MNAdult; Hospitals, Psychiatric; Social Environment MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0010-6178 LAEnglish JCDQF UI86003510 TIThe diagnosis and treatment of behavioral disturbances in the elderly. AUKeckich WA; Morgan HE EM8601 SOConn Med (United States), Sep 1985, 49(9) p578-81 MJAdjustment Disorders /TH; Dementia, Senile /TH; Depressive Disorder /TH MNAdjustment Disorders /DI; Aged; Dementia, Senile /DI; Depressive Disorder /DI MTHuman IS0010-6178 LAEnglish JCDQF UI86003511 TIPrivate psychiatric hospitals in Connecticut: a tradition of excellence, a future of change. AUConklin TJ EM8601 SOConn Med (United States), Sep 1985, 49(9) p582-5 MJHospitals, Psychiatric; Mental Disorders MNConnecticut; Forecasting; Reimbursement Mechanisms MTHuman IS0010-6178 LAEnglish JCDQF UI86003512 TICurrent developments in the law: malpractice and informed consent. AUEisner JM EM8601 SOConn Med (United States), Sep 1985, 49(9) p595-600 MJInformed Consent; Malpractice MNConnecticut MTHuman IS0010-6178 LAEnglish JCDQF UI86003513 TIComputers in hospital management: patients, doctors, information and resources. AUSadock RT EM8601 SOConn Med (United States), Sep 1985, 49(9) p603-5 MJComputers; Hospital Administration; Information Systems MNConnecticut MTHuman IS0010-6178 LAEnglish JCDQF UI86003514 TICurrent status of therapeutic plasmapheresis and related techniques: report of the AMA Panel on Therapeutic Plasmapheresis. AMA Council on Scientific Affairs. EM8601 SOConn Med (United States), Sep 1985, 49(9) p607-12 MJPlasmapheresis MNAutoimmune Diseases /TH; Combined Modality Therapy MTHuman IS0010-6178 LAEnglish JCDQF UI86003515 TIClosed medical staffs are not inevitable. AUSkarupa JA; Matherlee TR EM8601 SOConn Med (United States), Sep 1985, 49(9) p613-4 MJMedical Staff Privileges; Medical Staff, Hospital MNConnecticut; Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals MTHuman IS0010-6178 LAEnglish JCDQF UI86003516 TIReflections on medicine. First the vision. AUMassey RU EM8601 SOConn Med (United States), Sep 1985, 49(9) p621 MJPublic Health; Public Policy MNUnited States MTHuman IS0010-6178 LAEnglish JCDQF UI86003517 TIConnecticut's living will statute. AUHealey JM EM8601 SOConn Med (United States), Sep 1985, 49(9) p623 MJWills MNConnecticut; Informed Consent /LJ MTHuman IS0278-4092 LAEnglish JCDQG UI86003518 TIThose that can, teach--the clinical nurse specialist in a joint appointment. AURooney J EM8601 SOConn Nurs News (United States), Sep 1985, 58(9) p1, 3 MJFaculty, Nursing; Nurse Clinicians MTHuman IS0278-4092 LAEnglish JCDQG UI86003519 TIA day in the life of Christine Craig, R.N. AUCraig C EM8601 SOConn Nurs News (United States), Sep 1985, 58(9) p3 MJCommunity Health Nursing MNAged; Child; Home Care Services; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN9005-79-2 (Glycogen) IS0010-7824 LAEnglish JCDQN SBM UI86003520 TIRelative potency of progestins used in oral contraceptives. ABEpidemiologic studies indicate that the risk of complications with oral contraceptive use is related to the steroid content and potency of the various formulations. This paper summarizes human data in which potencies of progestins in oral contraceptives can be compared. Data on delay of menses and endometrial subnuclear vacuolization, an indirect assessment of glycogen deposition, are presented. The relative effects of various progestins on serum lipids and lipoproteins are also summarized. The object of this review is to examine the available scientific evidence which generally supports the conclusion that there is a marked similarity of potency of the dose of various progestins used in many of the formulations currently available in the U.S. The progestins norethindrone, norethindrone acetate and ethynodiol diacetate are roughly equivalent in potency while norgestrel is roughly five to ten times and levonorgestrel ten to 20 times as potent. AUDorflinger LJ EM8601 SOContraception (United States), Jun 1985, 31(6) p557-70 MJContraceptives, Oral, Combined; Progestational Hormones, Synthetic MNEndometrium /DE /ME /UL; Glycogen /ME; Lipids /BL; Lipoproteins /BL; Menstruation /DE; Therapeutic Equivalency; Vacuoles /UL MCReview MTComparative Study; Female; Human RN38673-38-0 (norethindrone acetate); 57-63-6 (Ethinyl Estradiol); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 68-22-4 (Norethindrone) IS0010-7824 LAEnglish JCDQN SBM UI86003521 TIVaginal administration of a combined oral contraceptive containing norethisterone acetate. ABThe effects of vaginal administration of an oral contraceptive pill containing 1 mg of norethisterone acetate and 0.05 mg of ethinyl oestradiol were studied in 20 subjects for a total of 57 cycles. The results show effective ovulation suppression in the two dose regimens used. The lower dose regimen was associated with fewer side effects and no breakthrough bleeding. No significant change was observed in the serum concentration of glucose, total proteins, albumin, cholesterol and HDL after several cycles of treatment in both dose regimens used. It is concluded that vaginal administration of this preparation of oral contraceptives is an effective alternative method of hormonal contraception. AUSouka AR; Kamel M; Einen MA; Saleh F; Sallam H EM8601 SOContraception (United States), Jun 1985, 31(6) p571-81 MJContraceptives, Oral, Combined; Norethindrone MNAdult; Clinical Trials; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined /AE; Endometrium /CY /DE; Ethinyl Estradiol /AD /AE; Fatigue /CI; Norethindrone /AD /AE; Ovulation /DE; Progesterone /BL; Vagina MTFemale; Human RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 54024-22-5 (desogestrel); 57-63-6 (Ethinyl Estradiol); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 6533-00-2 (Norgestrel); 797-63-7 (levonorgestrel) IS0010-7824 LAEnglish JCDQN SBM UI86003522 TIA randomized cross-over comparison of two low-dose oral contraceptives upon hormonal and metabolic parameters: I. Effects upon sexual hormone levels. ABThe effect of a low-dose triphasic oral contraceptive (OC) containing ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel (EE/NG) upon serum levels of endogenous sexual hormones was compared to that of a preparation containing EE and desogestrel (EE/DG). Blood samples were taken on Day 6, 11, 21, and 28 of a control cycle and of the third cycle of treatment with either the EE/NG or EE/DG preparation (11 volunteers each). After a washout period of 3 months, the contraceptives were changed in a cross-over fashion. Blood samples were again taken on Day 6, 11, 21, and 28 of the third washout cycle and the third treatment cycle. There was no significant suppression of serum LH and FSH during treatment with EE/NG and EE/DG except on Day 21, while estradiol levels were significantly lowered. Similar to the gonadotropin concentrations, the estrogen levels showed great individual variations; although they were depressed in the majority of the women, there was a considerable stimulation of follicular activity in 36% of the women under EE/NG and 18% under EE/DG. Both EE/NG and EE/DG suppressed significantly serum progesterone, testosterone, and DHEA-S, while prolactin was unaffected. In three cases an escape ovulation seemed to have occurred, but no pregnancy was observed. The spottings (8/22 women) and breakthrough bleedings (6/22 women) did not correlate with the serum levels of estradiol. The results indicate that the suppression of gonadotropin secretion during treatment with low-dose OC is a time-dependent process which in some women may be at or below the threshold of safe ovulation inhibition. AUKuhl H; Gahn G; Romberg G; Marz W ; Taubert HD EM8601 SOContraception (United States), Jun 1985, 31(6) p583-93 MJContraceptives, Oral, Combined; Contraceptives, Oral, Sequential; Contraceptives, Oral; Sex Hormones MNAdult; Clinical Trials; Estradiol /BL; Ethinyl Estradiol /AD; Gonadotropins, Pituitary /BL; Norgestrel /AD; Norpregnenes /AD; Progesterone /BL; Random Allocation; Testosterone /BL MTComparative Study; Female; Human IS0010-7824 LAEnglish JCDQN SBM UI86003523 TIGroup B-beta haemolytic streptococcal colonization in women using intrauterine contraceptive devices. ABTwo-hundred-and-eighteen gynaecological patients were screened for group B-beta haemolytic streptococci (GBS) colonization of the vagina, cervix, urethra and rectum. The overall colonization rate was 17%. There is no relation between the rate of colonization and the patient's age or parity. The colonization rate among the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) users (31%) is significantly higher than the non-users (14.5%). The IUCD does not cause GBS vaginal colonization. Nevertheless, its presence helps the microorganisms' vertical spread through the cervical canal. The short duration of IUCD use among the Saudi patients may have provided a protective mechanisms against the development of PID. All the four sites were colonized in the IUCD users and only in 8.1% of the non-users. The urethra was the most common site involved in both groups (83.8%). A higher incidence of GBS colonization was found among patients presenting with excessive vaginal discharge as the main complaint. The presence of excessive vaginal discharge is a significant factor towards the spread of the microorganism to the cervix and urethra. Therefore, an IUCD user with excessive vaginal discharge has a higher chance of getting cervical and urethral colonization. AUFarrag OA; Gawad AA; Antar S EM8601 SOContraception (United States), Jun 1985, 31(6) p595-602 MJIntrauterine Devices; Streptococcal Infections; Urogenital System MNAdnexitis /ET; Adolescence; Adult; Carrier State; Cervix Uteri /MI; Rectum /MI; Streptococcus Agalactiae /IP; Urethra /MI; Vagina /MI MTFemale; Human IS0010-7824 LAEnglish JCDQN SBM UI86003524 TIIUD insertion following induced abortion. ABIn a multicenter survey, women who received an IUD immediately after abortion were compared with abortion patients who started using oral contraception. Additionally, women receiving a Nova T were compared with women receiving a Multiload 250. Follow-up data were gathered after 6 weeks. Pain was a common phenomenon post-abortum. In the study group of IUD users, complaints about pain were not more frequent than among controls, but if pain was experienced, it was more intense and of longer duration among IUD users. Bleeding immediately following the induced abortion was less frequent among IUD users, but if bleeding occurred, it tended to last longer. The first menstrual period after the induced abortion was heavier and more painful among IUD users. Expulsion of the IUD occurred in 10 cases (3.3%), all of them with the Nova T, none with Multiload. The study did not generate evidence for an increased risk of PID in women receiving an IUD after an induced abortion. AUQuerido L; Ketting E; Haspels AA EM8601 SOContraception (United States), Jun 1985, 31(6) p603-10 MJAbortion, Induced; Intrauterine Devices, Copper MNAbortion, Induced /AE; Adnexitis /ET; Adult; Clinical Trials; Contraceptives, Oral /TU; Intrauterine Device Expulsion; Intrauterine Devices, Copper /AE; Menstruation; Pain /ET; Pregnancy; Time Factors; Uterine Hemorrhage /ET MTComparative Study; Female; Human RN297-76-7 (Ethynodiol Diacetate); 68-22-4 (Norethindrone) IS0010-7824 LAEnglish JCDQN SBM UI86003525 TINorethisterone concentration in breast milk and infant and maternal plasma during ethynodiol diacetate administration. ABTwelve women with established lactation of 4-8 weeks duration were given a low-dose progestogen-only contraceptive, ethynodiol diacetate 0.5 mg (Femulen) daily. On the seventh and eight day of the study, prior to the mother's taking the pill, a blood sample was taken from her and from the infant. Further blood samples were collected from the mother 4 and 12 hours later. Breast milk samples were collected at every feed on day 7 and day 8. Ethynodiol diacetate is rapidly metabolised in humans, changing into the metabolite norethisterone which is found in both blood and milk. Hence, norethisterone concentrations were estimated. On day 7 and day 8, four hours after ingestion of the pill, the median norethisterone maternal plasma concentration was 1.60 ng/ml and it fell to a median level of 0.30 ng/ml prior to the next dose of the pill. At this time the median infant concentration was 0.10 ng/ml but the maximum observed level was 0.50 ng/ml. In the breast milk the norethisterone concentration appears to peak at around 4-8 hours following the ingestion of the pill. The maximum observed concentration in breast milk was 0.84 ng/ml. The amount of norethisterone ingested by the infant averaged 0.02% (6.65 micrograms) of the dose of ethynodiol diacetate ingested by the mother. The maximum observed on any one day was 0.07% (27.52 micrograms). The above results indicate that the amount of progestogen ingested by the infant from its mother's milk is small and is unlikely to pose a risk to the infant. AUCooke ID; Back DJ; Shroff NE EM8601 SOContraception (United States), Jun 1985, 31(6) p611-21 MJContraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; Ethynodiol Diacetate; Milk, Human; Norethindrone /ME MNBiotransformation; Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic /AE /ME; Ethynodiol Diacetate /AE /ME; Infant, Newborn; Kinetics; Norethindrone /BL; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0010-7824 LAEnglish JCDQN SBM UI86003526 TIInteraction of anticonvulsants and oral contraceptives in epileptic adolescents. ABOral contraceptives are in widespread use, and are commonly prescribed for contraception in patients taking other medications. An example of this is the concomitant use of oral contraceptives and anticonvulsants in epileptic patients. This combination creates a potential for drug interactions which may alter the efficacy of both medications. An apparent interaction between oral contraceptives and anticonvulsants was observed in this study of epileptic adolescent females. This interaction was evidenced by menstrual irregularities which occurred in 65% (7 of 11) of adolescents on both medications concomitantly. The frequency of irregularity was significantly higher in these adolescents when compared to adolescents on either medication alone. Irregularities appeared to be alleviated by increasing the strength of the oral contraceptive, and although a concern, the increased dosage did not affect seizure control. AUDiamond MP; Greene JW; Thompson JM; VanHooydonk JE; Wentz AC EM8601 SOContraception (United States), Jun 1985, 31(6) p623-32 MJAnticonvulsants; Contraceptives, Oral; Epilepsy MNAdolescence; Anticonvulsants /AE; Contraceptives, Oral /AE; Drug Interactions; Menstruation Disorders /CI MTFemale; Human RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0010-7824 LAEnglish JCDQN SBM UI86003527 TIEffect of long-term hormonal contraception on plasma lipids. ABSerum lipid and apoprotein levels were determined in fasting women after long-term use (5-12 years) of Depo Provera, Orgametril, Ortho Novum SQ, Binordiol, Microgynon-50, and Ministat. Compared with matched controls, pure progestogens (Depo Provera and Orgametril) caused a moderate decrease of TG, HDL chol, and Apo A1, whereas estrogen-dominant oral contraceptives (Ortho Novum SQ) increased the same parameters. The effects of long-term use of hormonal contraception on lipids did not differ from those predicted from short-term (6 months) studies. AUDeslypere JP; Thiery M; Vermeulen A EM8601 SOContraception (United States), Jun 1985, 31(6) p633-42 MJContraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Lipids MNAdult; Apolipoproteins /BL; Cholesterol /BL; Coronary Disease /ET; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol /BL; Risk; Time Factors; Triglycerides /BL MTFemale; Human RN57-83-0 (Progesterone); 6533-00-2 (Norgestrel); 797-63-7 (levonorgestrel) IS0010-7824 LAEnglish JCDQN SBM UI86003528 TIPlasma levonorgestrel and progesterone levels in women treated with silastic covered rods containing levonorgestrel. ABLevonorgestrel and progesterone plasma levels were measured in women bearing levonorgestrel subdermal implants. Two groups using four or six levonorgestrel covered rods and one group of non-hormonal contraceptors were compared. Blood samples were drawn twice a week for six consecutive weeks at different intervals after treatment administration. The mean levonorgestrel levels (mean +/- S.D.) observed in the four rods group was .49 +/- .13 ng/ml in the first year and decreased to .34 +/- .06 in the fifth year of treatment. The mean values observed in the six rods group were .70 +/- .15 ng/ml in the second year and .43 +/- .11 in the sixth year. The levonorgestrel plasma levels were slightly above those found with Norplantr implants in the four rods group and well above it in the six rod group. The highest plasma progesterone value found in each sampling period was above 9 nmol/l in 7 (14%) out of 50 subjects in the four rods group, in 2 (4.3%) out of 47 subjects in the six rods group and in all the 49 control women. In 4 out of the 7 subjects from the 4 rods group and in the two subjects from the 6 rods group, the highest progesterone value was preceded and followed by values lower than 6 nmol/l. It was concluded that the progesterone levels were seldom compatible with the occurrence of ovulation in women treated with four or six levonorgestrel covered rods which release an estimated daily dose of 70 and 105 micrograms, respectively. AUCroxatto HB; Diaz S ; Brandeis A; Pavez M; Johansson ED EM8601 SOContraception (United States), Jun 1985, 31(6) p643-54 MJContraceptive Agents, Female; Norgestrel; Progesterone MNAdolescence; Adult; Clinical Trials; Contraceptive Agents, Female /BL; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined /AD /BL; Drug Implants; Norgestrel /BL; Ovulation /DE; Silicone Elastomers; Skin; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0197-2456 LAEnglish JCDSL SBM UI86003529 TIA test of the National Death Index using the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). ABThe National Death Index (NDI) is a central, computerized index of death record information compiled from records submitted by the Vital Statistics Office of each state to the National Center for Health Statistics. A selection of 1180 cases, including 370 decedents, from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study was sent to the NDI to test the reliability of the index in identifying decedents. Five possible matching rules are considered: an NDI match with soundex included, an NDI match without soundex matches, an NDI match on social security number, an NDI match on personal data (first name, last name, sex, race, and month, day, and year of birth), and an NDI match on social security number or personal data. In determining death, the greatest positive predictive value was given by a match on social security number, while the greatest negative predictive value was given by an NDI match with soundex included. Further comparisons of sensitivity and specificity, and figures that relate predictive values to the population mortality rate, are given to assist potential users in determining an optimal matching rule. AUDavis KB; Fisher L; Gillespie MJ; Pettinger M EM8601 SOControlled Clin Trials (United States), Sep 1985, 6(3) p179-91 MJCoronary Disease; Coronary Vessels; Registries MNUnited States MTHuman IS0197-2456 LAEnglish JCDSL SBM UI86003530 TIAdjusting for baseline measurements in the two-period crossover study: a cautionary note. ABIt is intuitively appealing in planning a two-period crossover study to have each patient measured on the response variable at the beginning as well as at the end of both periods, and to take the change from the value at the start of the period to the value at the end as the measure of the patient's response to the treatment given during that period. This apparently innocuous procedure may, contrary to one's intuition, produce bias in the analysis of the data for a difference between the residual effects and a difference between the direct treatment effects. AUFleiss JL; Wallenstein S; Rosenfeld R EM8601 IDDE 04068 SOControlled Clin Trials (United States), Sep 1985, 6(3) p192-7 MJEpidemiologic Methods MNResearch Design MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0045-6411 LAEnglish JCDSU SBM UI86003533 TIpH-dependent processes in proteins. ABRecent improvements in the understanding of electrostatic interactions in proteins serve as a focus for the general topic of pH-dependent processes in proteins. The general importance of pH-dependent processes is first set out in terms of hydrogen ion equilibria, stability, ligand interactions, assembly, dynamics, and events in related molecular systems. The development of various theoretical treatments includes various formalisms in addition to the solvent interface model developed by Shire et al. as an extension of the Tanford-Kirkwood treatment. A number of detailed applications of the model are presented and future potentialities are sketched. AUMatthew JB; Gurd FR; Garcia-Moreno B; Flanagan MA; March KL; Shire SJ EM8601 SOCRC Crit Rev Biochem (United States), 1985, 18(2) p91-197 MJHydrogen-Ion Concentration; Proteins MNBinding Sites; Drug Stability; Hemoglobins /ME; Kinetics; Macromolecular Systems; Methods; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Myoglobin /ME; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Thermodynamics MCReview MTAnimal; Human RNEC 2.7.7.- (2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase); EC 3.1.1.8 (Cholinesterases); EC 3.2.1.31 (Glucuronidase); EC 3.4.21.- (Plasminogen Activators); 24937-83-5 (Poly A); 51-84-3 (Acetylcholine); 9004-22-2 (Globin); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0045-6411 LAEnglish JCDSU SBM UI86003534 TIThe biosynthesis of biologically active proteins in mRNA-microinjected Xenopus oocytes. ABThe basic properties of mRNA-injected Xenopus oocytes as a heterologous system for the production of biologically active proteins will be reviewed. The advantages and limitations involved in the use of this in ovo system will be discussed, as compared with in vitro cell-free translation systems and with in vivo microinjected mammalian cells in culture. The different assay systems that have been utilized for the identification of the biological properties of oocyte-produced proteins will be described. This section will review the determination of properties such as binding of natural ligands, like heme or alpha-bungarotoxin; immunological recognition by antibodies; subcellular compartmentalization and/or secretion; various enzymatic catalytic activities; and induction in ovo of biological activities that affect other living cells in culture, such as those of interferon and of the T-cell receptor. The limitations involved in interpretation of results obtained using mRNA-injected oocytes will be critically reviewed. Special attention will be given to the effect of oocyte proteases and of changes in the endogenous translation rate on quantitative measurements of oocyte-produced proteins. In addition, the validity of the various measurement techniques will be evaluated. The various uses of bioassays of proteins produced in mRNA-injected Xenopus oocytes throughout the last decade will be reviewed. Nuclear and cytoplasmic injections, mRNA and protein turnover measurements and abundance calculations, and the use of in ovo bioassays for molecular cloning experiments will be discussed in this section. Finally, potential future uses of the oocyte system in various fields of research, such as immunology, neurobiology, and cell biology will be suggested. AUSoreq H EM8601 SOCRC Crit Rev Biochem (United States), 1985, 18(3) p199-238 MJOocytes; Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Xenopus laevis MN2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase /BI; Acetylcholine /PH; Biological Assay; Biological Transport; Cell Compartmentation; Cell Membrane /PH; Cell Nucleus /ME; Cholinesterases /BI; Cytochrome P-450 /BI; Cytoplasm /ME; Globin /GE; Glucuronidase /BI; Growth Substances /BI; Immunoglobulins /BI; Interferons /BI; Ion Channels /PH; Lysosomes /EN; Macromolecular Systems; Microinjections; Phosphorylation; Plasminogen Activators /BI; Poly A /ME; Polyribosomes /ME; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; RNA, Messenger /ME; Receptors, Endogenous Substances /BI; Signal Peptides /ME; Viral Proteins /BI MCReview MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0045-6411 LAEnglish JCDSU SBM UI86003535 TIThe heat shock response. ABThe response of cells to a heat shock or other stresses is the activation of a small number of genes which were previously inactive or transcribed at low levels. This response has been observed in a wide variety of bacterial, plant, and animal species. Evidence is accumulating that at least some of the proteins found in diverse species are similar, indicating a conservation of the response and the proteins in evolution. In a number of organisms a strong positive correlation has been found between the presence of heat shock proteins and ability of the organism to withstand thermal stress. This review attempts to assess the available data concerning the homology of proteins in different species, the localization of the proteins in cells, and the relationship between heat shock proteins and thermoresistance. AUCraig EA EM8601 SOCRC Crit Rev Biochem (United States), 1985, 18(3) p239-80 MJHeat-Shock Proteins MNCell Compartmentation; Crystallins /GE; Drosophila Melanogaster /GE; Escherichia Coli /GE; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Structural; Glucose /PH; Heat-Shock Proteins /GE /PH; Heat; Molecular Weight; Promoter Regions (Genetics); RNA /GE; Saccharomyces Cerevisiae /GE; Transcription, Genetic; Translation, Genetic MCReview MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human IS0590-8191 LAEnglish JCDSZ SBM UI86003537 TIApplication of cytogenetics in neoplastic diseases. ABThis review will concern itself with the application of cytogenetic findings in neoplastic diseases. This application can be divided into two general categories: practical and theoretical. The practical applications reside in utilizing karyotypic changes, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas, not only for diagnostic purposes but also for predicting response to therapy and prognosis. This is especially evident in the various acute nonlymphocytic leukemias and in most of the acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Thus, a definite correlation exists between the cytogenetic findings and the various clinical, laboratory, and cytologic parameters of most of the leukemias. Undoubtedly, these leukemias will ultimately be classified and defined more in terms of their cytogenetic aspects than any other. Though the application in lymphoma is not at the same level as that in leukemia, developments in that field certainly indicate a similar utilization of the cytogenetic findings in these diseases. The presence or absence of a Ph1 chromosome in a chronic myelocytic leukemia has been utilized widely, not only in the diagnosis but also in the predictability of response; the cytogenetic findings have also been utilized in predicting the blastic phase of disease. The list of specific chromosome changes in various solid tumors is of a lesser number, but significant developments indicate that the applicability of chromosome changes in these diseases will, also, be established in the near future. The application of chromosome findings to theoretical aspects of malignancy has assumed an important place recently in the demonstration that so-called oncogenes (or proto-oncogenes) are located or associated with areas of human chromosomes in which breaks and translocations are involved. Thus, it appears that chromosome changes in human malignancy, once their specificity is established, are important parameters in the clinical and theoretical aspects of the disease. A discussion will also be given on primary vs. secondary chromosome changes and their significance in the biology and behavior of the malignancy. AUSandberg AA EM8601 SOCRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci (United States), 1985, 22(3) p219-74 MJChromosome Abnormalities; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Neoplasms MNBurkitt's Lymphoma /FG; Chromosome Banding; Chromosome Fragile Sites; Heterochromatin /UL; Hodgkin's Disease /FG; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic /FG; Leukemia, Lymphocytic /FG; Leukemia, Monoblastic /FG; Leukemia, Myeloblastic /FG; Leukemia, Myelocytic /FG; Oncogenes; Philadelphia Chromosome; Polymorphism (Genetics); Prognosis; T Lymphocytes; Translocation (Genetics) MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male RN64060-24-8 (osteoclast activating factor) IS0590-8191 LAEnglish JCDSZ SBM UI86003538 TIPatterns and mechanisms of localized bone invasion by tumors: studies with squamous carcinomas of the head and neck. ABSquamous carcinomas of the head and neck provide a useful model for analyzing patterns and mechanisms of tumor-associated bone destruction. Morphological studies show that a major part of the invasive process is mediated by local osteoclasts which erode bone in front of the advancing tumor. Functional studies indicate that both fresh tumors and tumor cell lines resorb calvarial bone in an in vitro test system, again by stimulating local osteoclasts. Prostaglandins of the E2 type are regularly released by the tumors, together with indomethacin-resistant, nonprostaglandin osteolysins. Control (nonneoplastic) tissues will resorb bone and release osteolytic factors, usually at lower levels of activity--such properties are thus tumor-associated rather than tumor-specific. Xenografts of squamous carcinomas resorb bone in vitro and synthesize osteolysins. They do not invade local bone in their hosts but some grafts regularly produce a systemic hypercalcemia. General implications are discussed, particularly for other human tumors which more frequently metastasize to bone. Possible pointers to the (partial) control of the destructive process are noted. AUCarter RL EM8601 SOCRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci (United States), 1985, 22(3) p275-315 MJBone Neoplasms; Bone Resorption; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Head and Neck Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms /PP; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /PP; Cartilage /PA; Cell Line; Head and Neck Neoplasms /PP; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphokines /PH; Mice; Middle Age; Neoplasm Transplantation; Osteoclasts /PP; Prostaglandins /PH MCReview MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0197-3355 LAEnglish JCDTC SBM UI86003539 TIC1-inhibitor--biochemical properties and clinical applications. ABC1-inhibitor (C1-INH) is an alpha-2-neuraminoglycoprotein with a molecular weight of 105,000 daltons. It has a broad spectrum control of the many blood cascades including the complement system. Inherited deficiency of this molecule has been associated with the development of hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE), a dominant genetic disorder. The liver and monocytes are the primary sites of C1-INH synthesis. The genetic basis of dysfunctional C1-INH is a defect at the structural locus for one C1-INH gene; both the dysfunctional C1-INH gene and the normal C1-INH gene products are present in the plasma of the affected person. The absence of C1-INH permits spontaneous activation of the first component of the complement system (C1); this, in turn, activates C4 and C2. A kinin derived from C2 may be elaborated, which then increases vascular permeability. However, recent investigations have indicated that kinin activity generated from C1-INH-depleted plasma is not derived from C2 but implicates kallikrein, an enzyme which is also controlled by C1-INH, in the formation of a kinin which is most probably bradykinin. A number of therapeutic approaches have been used to treat HANE patients, including antifribrinolytic drugs such as tranexamic acid, plasma infusion, and steroids. The anabolic steroids such as danazol and stanazolol have been used widely to treat HANE patients. We discuss in this review the potential mechanisms by which danazol promotes selective synthesis of C1-INH and several other proteins in the liver. AUAl-Abdullah IH; Greally J EM8601 SOCRC Crit Rev Immunol (United States), 1985, 5(4) p317-30 MJAngioneurotic Edema; Complement 1 Inactivators /ME MNAngioneurotic Edema /FG /IM; Complement 1 Inactivators /DF /GE; Immunoglobulins /BI; Phenotype MCReview MTHuman IS0197-3355 LAEnglish JCDTC SBM UI86003540 TIStimulation of the primary mixed leukocyte reaction. ABThis article will review the evidence that dendritic cells are specialized stimulator cells for the mixed leukocyte reaction. The topics to be considered are (1) identification of dendritic cells, (2) specialized stimulating capacity of dendritic cells in the allogeneic and syngeneic mixed leukocyte reactions, (3) stimulator cells for the secondary mixed leukocyte reaction, and (4) evidence for a role of dendritic cells during graft rejection in situ. AUSteinman RM; Inaba K EM8601 IDAI 13013; CA 30198 SOCRC Crit Rev Immunol (United States), 1985, 5(4) p331-48 MJLeukocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Leukocytes /IM; Macrophages /IM MNB Lymphocytes /IM; Cell Adhesion; Graft Rejection; Kidney /TR; Langerhans Cells /IM; Leukocytes /CY; Macrophages /CY; Skin /IM MCReview MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0197-3355 LAEnglish JCDTC SBM UI86003541 TIB-cell subsets: functional and structural characteristics. ABThe review will examine B-cell differentiation with an emphasis on B-cell subpopulations. We will begin with an analysis of current evidence concerning B-cell ontogeny. The development of the B-cell repertoire will be traced from stem cell to effector cells. The CBA/N mouse, which expresses an X-linked immunodeficiency, will serve as a basis for discussing the delineation of B cells into subpopulations. The CBA/N mouse provides evidence for distinct populations of B cells which can be differentiated by cell surface antigens as well as function. We intend to focus on the functional diversity of B-cell subpopulations and how they develop. The CBA/N mouse is not the only evidence for distinct B cell subpopulations and we will attempt to organize these data into a coherent story of B-cell subsets. AUBaum CM; Davie JM; McKearn JP EM8601 SOCRC Crit Rev Immunol (United States), 1985, 5(4) p349-70 MJB Lymphocytes /IM MNAntibodies; Antigens, Surface /AN; B Lymphocytes /CY; Cell Differentiation; Cell Membrane /IM; IgG; Immunoglobulins, Surface /AN; Immunologic Diseases /FG; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice; Organ Specificity; Rats; Sex Chromosome Abnormalities; T Lymphocytes /IM; X Chromosome MCReview MTAnimal IS0197-3355 LAEnglish JCDTC SBM UI86003542 TIHuman monocytes and macrophages: establishment and analysis of cloned populations and functional cell lines. ABHuman monocytes and macrophages are heterogeneous cell populations, with numerous functions and activities. In the present work we review some new in vitro studies which made possible the development and research of cloned populations of macrophages and functional cell lines. Peripheral blood monocytes were cloned in semisolid media and the cloned monocyte/macrophage populations were analyzed for the expression of various markers. Based on the analysis of cloned populations of monocytes and on additional studies of macrophage functions and markers, we suggest the possibility that the human monocytes represent a unique multifunctional population, expressing reversible changes in functions and markers. The occurrence of stable subsets of cells could not be demonstrated by these methods. Cultures of human monocytes and mature macrophages could be maintained in vitro for long periods of time, but only a few studies reported the continuous proliferation of monocytes in culture. We describe here an approach for immortalization of monocytes by heterologous somatic cell hybridization. This method yielded monocyte hybrid cell lines which preserved some macrophage characteristics. The hybrid cell lines could be used for the isolation and study of monokines and for cytogenetic analysis of macrophage markers and functions. AUTreves AJ EM8601 SOCRC Crit Rev Immunol (United States), 1985, 5(4) p371-85 MJMacrophages; Monocytes MNCell Division; Cell Line; Cell Separation; Chromosomes, Human /UL; Clone Cells; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Hybridization; Macrophages /IM; Monocytes /IM MCReview MTHuman IS0197-3355 LAEnglish JCDTC SBM UI86003543 TIDiscovery and implications of the immunogenicity of free small synthetic peptides: powerful tools for manipulating the immune system and for production of antibodies and T cells of preselected submolecular specificities. ABRecent studies from this laboratory have found, contrary to a long-held belief, that synthetic peptides of a protein, as small as six residues, when immunized in their free form (i.e., without coupling to any carrier), elicit the formation of antibodies with submolecular binding specificities to preselected protein regions. These peptides could represent either the antigenic sites of the protein or surface regions that are not immunogenic when the intact protein is the antigen. In either case, the antibodies bind specifically to the intact protein, exclusively at the region used in immunization. Monoclonal antibodies with preselected specificities can also be produced by hybridoma technology from the spleens of the immunized animals. Furthermore, free synthetic peptides have been employed to generate T-cell lines and T-cell clones with specificities to preselected immunogenic locations and also to induce tolerance to such preselected locations. These fascinating breakthroughs indicate that free synthetic peptides may be used in the future as powerful tools in basic investigations and in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. AUAtassi MZ; Young CR EM8601 IDAM-33969; AI-21336 SOCRC Crit Rev Immunol (United States), 1985, 5(4) p387-409 MJAdjuvants, Immunologic; Antibody Formation; Peptides; T Lymphocytes /IM MNAmino Acid Sequence; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Viral; Antibodies /GE; Immune Tolerance; Immunoglobulins /AN; Orthomyxovirus Type A, Human /IM; Structure-Activity Relationship; T Lymphocytes /CY MCReview MTAnimal; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (polyphenols); 7439-89-6 (Iron); 7439-98-7 (Molybdenum); 7723-14-0 (Phosphorus); 7732-18-5 (Water) IS0099-0248 LAEnglish JCDT4 SBM UI86003544 TINutritional composition, processing, and utilization of horse gram and moth bean. ABHorse gram and moth bean are the unexploited legumes of the tropics and subtropics grown mostly under dry-land agriculture. The chemical composition is comparable with commonly cultivated legumes. Like other legumes, these are deficient in methionine and tryptophan. Horse gram is an excellent source of iron and molybdenum. Comparatively, horse gram seeds have higher trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinin activities and polyphenols than moth bean seeds. Dehusking, germination, cooking, and roasting have been shown to produce beneficial effects on nutritional quality of both the legumes. Both the legumes require prolonged cooking to obtain product of acceptable nature. A soak solution (1.5% NaHCO3 + 0.5% Na2CO3 + 0.75% citric acid) treatment has been shown to reduce cooking time and improve protein quality. Moth bean is mostly consumed as dhal or sprouts. The whole seeds of horse gram are generally utilized as cattle feed. However, it is consumed as a whole seed, sprouts, or whole meal by a large population in rural areas of southern India. Medical uses of these legumes have been discussed. AUKadam SS; Salunkhe DK EM8601 SOCRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr (United States), 1985, 22(1) p1-26 MJLegumes /AN; Nutrition MNAbsorption; Amino Acids /AN; Animal Feed; Developing Countries; Digestion; Food Handling /MT; Heat; Hemagglutinins /AE /AN; India; Iron /AN; Legumes /AE; Lipids /AN; Minerals /AN; Molybdenum /AN; Nutritive Value; Oligosaccharides /AN; Phenols /AE /AN; Phosphorus /AN; Plant Proteins /AN; Polymers /AE /AN; Seeds /PH; Solubility; Tropical Climate; Trypsin Inhibitors /AE /AN; Vitamins /AN; Water MCReview MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human RN50-81-7 (Ascorbic Acid); 74-83-9 (methyl bromide); 75-21-8 (Ethylene Oxide) IS0099-0248 LAEnglish JCDT4 SBM UI86003546 TICapsicum production, technology, chemistry, and quality. Part 1: History, botany, cultivation, and primary processing. ABThe genus Capsicum (Fam. Solanaceae) was known to ancient cultures and was more recently historically associated with the discovery of the New World. This genus provides many species and varieties used in flavoring foods popular in the cuisines of many parts of the world. From the pungent chilli to the colorful paprika and the bell pepper, with its remarkable aroma, the genus is of great interest for its chemistry, sensory attributes, and physiological action. The Capsicums, among the spices, are second only to black pepper in trade both in volume and value. The production of the different pungency forms, the processed seasonings, and the concentrated oleoresins, through technologically advanced processes and in specified standard grades, are critically reviewed. The pungency of Capsicum fruits, its evaluation, chemical structure relationship, its increasing acceptance and preference by a variety of populations are of great research interest. The wide traditional use in the growing regions and its intense physiological effects have attracted the attention of researchers of many different disciplines. These aspects are reviewed in four sequential parts. Part I deals with history, botany, cultivation, and primary processing. AUGovindarajan VS EM8601 SOCRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr (United States), 1985, 22(2) p109-76 MJCapsicum; Plants, Edible MNAgriculture; Ascorbic Acid; Capsicum /HI; Chemistry; Ethylene Oxide; Food Handling; Fruit; Heat; History of Medicine, 15th Cent.; History of Medicine, 16th Cent.; History of Medicine, 17th Cent.; History of Medicine, Ancient; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipids /AN; Plant Diseases MCHistorical Article; Review RN139-13-9 (Nitrilotriacetic Acid); 7440-66-6 (Zinc); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0045-6446 LAEnglish JCDT7 SBM UI86003547 TIA review of the environmental and mammalian toxicology of nitrilotriacetic acid. ABThis article provides a review of available information on the chemistry, environmental toxicology, and mammalian toxicology of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). The ability of NTA to chelate metal ions such as Mg++ and Ca++ into water soluble complexes makes NTA useful as an additive to boiler water, as a builder in laundry detergents, and as a stabilizer in textile, paper, and pulp processing. Environmental fate studies show NTA biodegrades in wastewater treatment plants, in natural waters, and in soils under a wide variety of conditions. Studies on the environmental effects of NTA indicate that no adverse effects occur in treatment plants or receiving waters at anticipated levels. Monitoring programs have established that only low steady-state concentrations of NTA occur in natural waters as a result of NTA usage. In mammalian systems, NTA is not metabolized and is excreted rapidly by filtration in the kidney. No reproductive, teratogenic, or adverse bone effects have been observed at highly exaggerated doses. In numerous genotoxicity assay systems, both in vivo and in vitro, NTA is nongenotoxic. Chronic oral exposure of rodents to high doses of NTA is associated with tumorigenicity in, and restricted to, the urinary tract. The urinary tract tumors are the consequence of chronic toxicity that is caused by changes in Zn and Ca distributions between the urinary tract tissues and urine at high doses of NTA. Thresholds for the effects of NTA on Zn and Ca distributions are 10(5) to 10(6) greater than the possible maximum human exposure resulting from the low levels of NTA that are known to occur in the environment. AUAnderson RL; Bishop WE; Campbell RL EM8601 SOCRC Crit Rev Toxicol (United States), 1985, 15(1) p1-102 MJAcetic Acids; Nitrilotriacetic Acid /TO MNAdenocarcinoma /CI /PA; Algae /DE; Amphibia; Biodegradation; Birds; Bone and Bones /DE; Calcium /ME; Canada; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell /CI /PA; Chelating Agents /ME /PD /TO; Detergents; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eutrophication; Fishes; Invertebrates /DE; Kidney /DE /ME /PA; Lethal Dose 50; Mammals; Mutagenicity Tests; Netherlands; Nitrilotriacetic Acid /ME /PD; Plants /DE; Rats; Soil /AN; United States; Urinary Tract /DE /PA; Urologic Neoplasms /CI /PA; Waste Disposal, Fluid /MT; Water Pollutants, Chemical /AN /TO; Water Supply /AN; Zinc /ME MCReview MTAnimal; Female; Male RN128-37-0 (Butylated Hydroxytoluene); 25013-16-5 (Butylated Hydroxyanisole); 50-81-7 (Ascorbic Acid); 684-93-5 (Methylnitrosourea) IS0045-6446 LAEnglish JCDT7 SBM UI86003548 TICarcinogenicity and modification of the carcinogenic response by BHA, BHT, and other antioxidants. ABCarcinogenicity tests showed that addition of the antioxidant BHA to the diet of F344 rats induced high incidences of papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach of both sexes. Male hamsters given BHA for 24 weeks also developed papilloma showing downward growth into the submucosa of the forestomach. These results indicate that BHA should be classified in the category of ╥sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity╙ as judged by IARC criteria. The 3-tert isomer of BHA seemed to be responsible for the carcinogenicity of crude BHA in the forestomach of rats. BHT was not found to be carcinogenic in rats or mice. In two-stage carcinogenesis in rats after appropriate initiation, BHA enhanced carcinogenesis in the forestomach and urinary bladder of rats, but inhibited carcinogenesis in the liver. BHT enhanced the induction of urinary bladder tumors and inhibited that of liver tumors, but had no effect on carcinogenesis in the forestomach. BHT could be a promoter of thyroid carcinogenesis. Sodium L-ascorbate enhanced forestomach and urinary bladder carcinogenesis. Ethoxyquin enhanced kidney and urinary bladder carcinogenesis, but inhibited liver carcinogenesis. Thus, these antioxidants modify two-stage chemical carcinogenesis in the forestomach, liver, kidney, urinary bladder, and thyroid, but show organ-specific differences in effects. AUIto N; Fukushima S; Tsuda H EM8601 SOCRC Crit Rev Toxicol (United States), 1985, 15(2) p109-50 MJAnisoles; Antioxidants; Butylated Hydroxyanisole; Butylated Hydroxytoluene; Cocarcinogenesis; Neoplasms MNAscorbic Acid /TO; Bladder Neoplasms /CI; Drug Synergism; Kidney Neoplasms /CI; Liver Neoplasms /CI; Methylnitrosourea /TO; Species Specificity; Stomach Neoplasms /CI MCReview MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN14875-96-8 (Heme); 74-93-1 (methylmercaptan); 7783-06-4 (Hydrogen Sulfide); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0045-6446 LAEnglish JCDT7 SBM UI86003549 TIExposure to toxic agents: the heme biosynthetic pathway and hemoproteins as indicator. ABThe heme biosynthetic pathway is closely controlled by levels of the end product of the pathway, namely, heme, and porphyrins are normally formed in only trace amounts. When control mechanisms are disturbed by xenobiotics, porphyrins accumulate and serve as a signal of the interaction between a xenobiotic and the heme biosynthetic pathway. For example, an increase in erythrocyte protoporphyrin is a useful measurement for early detection of exposure to lead and porphyrinuria was an early manifestation of a hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria in Turkey. In recent years a variety of additional xenobiotics has been shown to interact with the heme biosynthetic pathway, namely, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, sulfides, and a variety of metals. Moreover, different xenobiotics (e.g., dihydropyridines and compounds containing unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds) interact with the prosthetic heme of cytochrome P-450 forming novel N-alkylporphyrins. AUMarks GS EM8601 SOCRC Crit Rev Toxicol (United States), 1985, 15(2) p151-79 MJHemeproteins; Heme MNAlkylation; Cytochrome P-450 /ME; Hemoglobins /ME; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated /TO; Hydrogen Sulfide /TO; Metals /TO; Pesticides /TO; Porphyrins /ME; Species Specificity; Sulfhydryl Compounds /TO MCReview MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0045-6446 LAEnglish JCDT7 SBM UI86003550 TIApplication of whole-body autoradiography in toxicology. ABWhole-body autoradiography enables the drugs and toxicants to be distributed throughout the animal. Good results are obtained with this technique. However, certain artifacts can occur that could lead to misinterpretation, and these must be known. These artifacts are described. From the metabolic point of view, autoradiography provides data on the distribution kinetics of a compound and the elimination of radioactivity in various organs. These data are a guide for quantitative research into the metabolism of a compound. From the toxicological point of view, it must be admitted that the main purpose of this technique is to reveal the sites of retention of radioactivity. Such specific organ retention could be the consequence of the activation of a minor metabolite into a very reactive compound. If this is so, it is a specific organ effect which could not be studied by other techniques and could lead the way to a more specific organ effect which could not be studied by other techniques and could lead the way to a more appropriate line of research in the study of chronic toxicity. However, it must be recalled that the fact that a compound is retained by a specific organ does not always mean that the compound exerts a toxic effect upon the said organ. With this technique, distribution study can be performed on pregnant animals, and it provides us with more data concerning the transplacental passage of radioactive metabolites. All these aspects of the technique clearly indicate that whole-body autoradiography should be insisted upon during the early stages of development of new molecules. Successive experiments could then lead to selecting the best experimental conditions for metabolic pharmacokinetics and studies in toxicology. AUBenard P ; Burgat V; Rico AG EM8601 SOCRC Crit Rev Toxicol (United States), 1985, 15(2) p181-215 MJAutoradiography MNBrain /DE /ME /RI; Eye /DE /ME /RI; Kidney /DE /ME /RI; Kinetics; Lung /DE /ME /RI; Pituitary Gland /DE /ME /RI; Radioisotopes /DU; Thyroid Gland /DE /ME /RI; Tissue Distribution; Whole Body Counting MCReview MTAnimal; Human RN32986-56-4 (Tobramycin); 56-75-7 (Chloramphenicol) IS0271-3683 LAEnglish JCDUB SBM UI86003551 TIEfficacy of topical chloramphenicol and tobramycin ophthalmic solutions in preventing severe Staphylococcus aureus keratitis in rabbits. ABVarious marketed chloramphenicol ophthalmic solutions were compared and various dilutions of Tobrex Ophthalmic Solution were tested for effectiveness in a Staphylococcus aureus rabbit keratitis model. Anesthetized rabbits were each infected intracorneally with 10(4) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737 cells. Treatment groups consisted of five or six rabbits (10 or 12 eyes) per group. One group of rabbits was infected but not treated (Positive Control Group). Topical dosing of commercially available ophthalmic solutions was accomplished by depositing 0.1 mL of a color-coded test solution into the lower cul-de-sac of each eye. Dosing begin one hour after the mid-infection time and continued for a total of nine hourly treatments. Twenty-four hours after infection the rabbit eyes were graded (masked) using standard slit-lamp scoring procedures. The slit-lamp scores for five of eight ocular parameters were used to calculate an eye score value for each rabbit eye. The five ocular parameters were selected, based on previous Stepwise Discriminant Computer Analysis of over 300 rabbit eyes infected with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737 and treated with various antibiotics. The eye score values for each group were averaged and the treatments were compared for significant differences in efficacy using the nonparametric, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUEdwards JG; Schlech BA EM8601 SOCurr Eye Res (England), Aug 1985, 4(8) p821-9 MJChloramphenicol; Keratitis /ET; Staphylococcal Infections; Tobramycin MNChloramphenicol /TU; Keratitis /DT; Ophthalmic Solutions; Rabbits; Tobramycin /TU MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN6912-86-3 (Tryptophan) IS0271-3683 LAEnglish JCDUB SBM UI86003552 TIFluorescence studies on tryptophan and sulfhydryl group changes of bovine lens crystallins in a photodynamic system. ABConformational changes in the three crystallins alpha-, beta-, and gamma- in a singlet-oxygen generating system were investigated by fluorescence studies of tryptophan and covalently-bound sulfhydryl probe 4-[(N-iodoacetoxy)N-methyl]amino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (IANBD). Upon excitation at 295 nm, the tryptophan emission maxima of the crystallins were red-shifted by irradiation with visible light in the presence of the photosensitizer methylene blue. beta- crystallin showed the largest shift (4 nm) of the emission spectrum. Time course of the fluorescence changes by irradiation showed that the decrease in the tryptophan fluorescence yield occurs most rapidly for beta-crystallins, as compared to alpha- or gamma-crystallins. Fluorescence changes of IANBD-labeled crystallins show a 40% decrease in the fluorescence intensity of the sulfhydryl probe for beta-crystallin after one hour of irradiation. For alpha- and gamma-crystallin smaller decreases (7% and 15% respectively) were observed. Since all the sulfhydryl groups of beta-crystallin are known to be exposed on the surface of the protein (Andley et al, 1982, Biochemistry 21, 1853), these results suggest that the pronounced changes in conformation of beta-crystallin by singlet oxygen may be due to a rapid loss of the protein tertiary structure by oxidation of the sulfhydryl groups. These results have potential significance in understanding the age and cataract-related changes in the ocular lens in view of the fact that several key lens enzymes are associated with beta-crystallins in vivo. AUAndley UP; Chapman SF; Chylack LT Jr EM8601 IDEY05681; EY01276 SOCurr Eye Res (England), Aug 1985, 4(8) p831-42 MJCrystallins; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Tryptophan MNAbsorption; Cattle; Fluorescence; Light; Molecular Conformation; Photochemistry; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 4.1.1.17 (Ornithine Decarboxylase); 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil); 70052-12-9 (alpha-difluoromethylornithine); 7006-33-9 (Ornithine) IS0271-3683 LAEnglish JCDUB SBM UI86003553 TIConsequences of ornithine decarboxylase inactivation by alpha-difluoromethylornithine and 5-fluorouracil on the growth of rabbit fibroblasts. ABThe role of ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is ill-defined. An increase in the activity of this enzyme concurrent with an increase in polyamine levels may be essential in the process of intraocular cellular proliferation. Therefore, in this study, cultured rabbit fibroblasts were exposed to DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (alpha-DFMO), a mechanism-based irreversible inactivator of ornithine decarboxylase, alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Concentrations of 0.1mM alpha-DFMO and 0.125mM 5-FU decreased rabbit fibroblast cell number by 60% and 65%, respectively, after three days, while with either 5.0mM alpha-DFMO or 0.25mM 5-FU, cell number is decreased by 95%. The effectiveness of inhibitory concentrations of 5-FU and alpha-DFMO together in reducing cell number is additive. AUWong CG; Gee E; Ryan SJ EM8601 IDEY04909 SOCurr Eye Res (England), Aug 1985, 4(8) p843-6 MJFluorouracil; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Ornithine; Skin MNCell Division /DE; Cells, Cultured; Enzyme Activation /DE; Fibroblasts /CY /DE; Ornithine /PD; Rabbits; Skin /DE MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN73-31-4 (Melatonin) IS0271-3683 LAEnglish JCDUB SBM UI86003554 TIDetermination of bovine retinal melatonin with HPLC-EC. ABBovine retinae, devoid of pigment epithelium, were assayed for endogenous melatonin using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). A method of extracting the more polar biogenic amines and metabolites was employed, allowing for direct injection of retinal supernatants into the chromatographic column. The results: 1) confirm the presence of melatonin in the bovine retina; 2) provide a ╥benchmark╙ of 3.01 ng/retina for normal adult retinae collected during photophase; and 3) indicate that HPLC-EC represents an adequately sensitive instrument for the detection and quantification of melatonin in a single bovine retina. AUHall F; Tengerdy C; Morita M; Pautler E EM8601 IDEY04750 SOCurr Eye Res (England), Aug 1985, 4(8) p847-50 MJMelatonin; Retina MNCattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrochemistry /MT MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN11028-71-0 (Concanavalin A) IS0271-3683 LAEnglish JCDUB SBM UI86003555 TIAdherence of Candida to corneal surface. ABIn the pathogenesis of mycotic infections, adherence of the microbes to surface structures prior to invasion appears to be the initial and essential step in a susceptible host. Adherence and inhibition of adherence of Candida albicans to rabbit corneal surface was investigated in vitro by light and scanning electron microscopic examinations. The results indicate that blastospores of Candida albicans rarely bind to intact corneal epithelium, but consistently adhere to stroma denuded of epithelium. Such adherence was inhibited by concanavalin A. With its strong affinity for the yeast cell wall carbohydrate mannan, concanavalin A may block the site of attachment of yeast cells to the corneal surface. AURao NA; Riggio DW; Delmage JM; Calandra AJ; Evans S; Lewis W EM8601 SOCurr Eye Res (England), Aug 1985, 4(8) p851-6 MJCandida Albicans /PY; Cornea MNCandida Albicans /DE; Concanavalin A /PD; Epithelium /MI; Rabbits; Spores, Fungal /DE; Virulence /DE MTAnimal RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); 554-77-8 (Chloromercuriphenylsulfonate); 70-18-8 (Glutathione); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0271-3683 LAEnglish JCDUB SBM UI86003556 TIThe importance of membrane sulfhydryl groups to calcium homeostasis in the lens. ABThis study focused on whether changes in lens levels of glutathione and calcium, early events associated with cataract formation, were related or that one might cause the other. The first part of the investigation was concerned with the extent to which an increase in levels of intracellular calcium might alter GSH levels in lens fiber and epithelial cells. The results demonstrate that calcium accumulation, either at 19 degrees C or 37 degrees C, did not diminish the concentration of GSH. More importantly, GSH levels did not decline in opaque regions of a calcium-loaded lens. The reciprocal part of the problem focused on whether a decline in lens thiol might lead to an increase in levels of calcium and subsequent opacification. In particular, it was shown that treatment of lenses with parachloromercuribenzene sulphonic acid (PCMBS), a nonpenetrating sulphydryl probe, resulted in a 10-30% loss of membrane SH groups in the epithelium. Diminished numbers of SH groups was accompanied by chloride fluxes and an increase in membrane permeability to sodium and calcium with an influx of sodium and calcium leading to opacities. It is important to note that these changes occurred in the absence of any change in cellular levels of soluble protein-SH or GSH. Additional experiments suggest that calcium transport was not impaired, as evidenced by lack of inhibition of Ca-ATPase activity in lenses treated with PCMBS. The results suggest that one explanation for opacification is that oxidative insults, which diminish GSH levels, leads to a loss of important membrane SH groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUHightower KR EM8601 IDEY03681-05 SOCurr Eye Res (England), Aug 1985, 4(8) p857-65 MJCalcium /PH; Lens, Crystalline /ME; Sulfhydryl Compounds /PH MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium /ME; Biological Transport; Calcium /ME; Cataract /ET; Chloromercuriphenylsulfonate /PD; Glutathione /ME /PH; Homeostasis; Lens, Crystalline /EN; Membranes /ME; Osmolar Concentration; Permeability; Rabbits; Sulfhydryl Compounds /ME MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1 (Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases); EC 3.1.1.- (retinyl esterase); 122-32-7 (Triolein); 303-43-5 (cholesteryl oleate) IS0271-3683 LAEnglish JCDUB SBM UI86003557 TIRetinyl ester hydrolase of bovine retina and pigment epithelium: comparisons to the rat liver enzyme. ABThe hydrolysis of 3H-retinyl ester was examined in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neural retina of cattle eyes and compared to that in homogenates of rat liver. The optimum pH for hydrolysis was 4.0-4.5 for RPE and 7.5-8.0 for liver. The RPE activity, which shows no variability between individual animals, is localized mainly in the lysosomal fraction of the cell. It is strongly inhibited by bile salts at concentrations as low as 0.2-0.5% and conversely, is strongly activated by Triton X-100, with maximum stimulation found at a concentration of approximately 1%. The apparent Vmax for hydrolysis of labeled retinyl ester in the RPE is 2.7 nmoles/hr/mg protein, a value approximately 1/150 to 1/200 of the rate of retinol esterification in these cells. Little or no hydrolytic activity could be detected in neural retina or in rod outer segments. Studies on the specificity of the RPE retinyl ester hydrolase activity revealed unexpectedly high hydrolytic activity toward both cholesteryl oleate and triolein, approximately 20 and 5 times greater, respectively, than in rat liver. The hydrolytic activity for cholesteryl oleate in the RPE was mainly at pH 3.5, while that for triolein showed three pH maxima, one at pH 4.5-5.0, a second near neutral pH and the third at pH 8. These findings reflect an active and complex pattern of fatty acyl ester lipid-metabolizing enzymes in cattle RPE whose interrelationships to one another require further clarification. AUBerman ER; Segal N; Rothman H; Weiner A EM8601 SOCurr Eye Res (England), Aug 1985, 4(8) p867-76 MJCarboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cattle; Liver; Pigment Epithelium of Eye; Rats; Retina MNCholesterol Esters /ME; Detergents /PD; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Subcellular Fractions /EN; Triolein /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0271-3683 LAEnglish JCDUB SBM UI86003558 TIIsoproterenol dose-outflow facility response relationships in the vervet monkey. ABTotal outflow facility was measured by two-level constant pressure anterior chamber perfusion in surgically untouched vervet monkeys receiving intracameral infusions of mock aqueous humor without or with isoproterenol. Bolus dl-isoproterenol sulfate doses of 1 to 10 micrograms, corresponding respectively to initial intracameral base concentrations of 2 X 10(-5) M and 2 X 10(-4) M, increased facility 30-50%; higher and lower bolus doses were ineffective, as were 0.1 and 1 g doses of 1-isoproterenol hydrochloride (4 X 10(-6) M and 4 X 10(-5) M base). Relatively maintained intracameral dl-isoproterenol concentrations of 2 X 10(-7) M and 2 X 10(-6) M or l-isoproterenol concentrations of 4 X 10(-7) M to 4 X 10(-5) M did not significantly increase facility, although there was great variability with the latter agent. Possible reasons for species, investigator, technique, and dosage-associated differences in results are discussed. AUKaufman PL EM8601 IDEY02698 SOCurr Eye Res (England), Aug 1985, 4(8) p877-83 MJEye; Isoproterenol MNAnthropoidea; Aqueous Humor; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Perfusion MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0271-3683 LAEnglish JCDUB SBM UI86003559 TIElectron microscopy of corneal surface microdiathermy. ABMicrodiathermy has recently been shown to be effective in the treatment of persistent corneal epithelial recurrent erosion. In order to determine the mechanism of action of microdiathermy on the anterior surface of the cornea, rabbit eyes were treated with microdiathermy and the course of corneal tissue repair studied by electron microscopy. Shortly after treatment, the epithelium is edematous and necrotic and the lamina densa is thickened. Within 24 hours, the epithelium appears healed and some hemidesmosomes are present, but the lamina densa is still thickened. At two weeks the epithelial surface is undulated and protrudes into the stroma in areas where the lamina densa is disrupted. Hemidesmosomes are absent in these regions. Activated fibroblasts are present in superficial stroma. At four weeks following microdiathermy, there is segmental deposition of new lamina densa and a connective tissue zone between the newly deposited lamina densa and the old lamina densa. Hemidesmosomes are present only in areas of newly deposited lamina densa. Between six weeks and three months the epithelial basal surface becomes more uniform with mature hemidesmosomes and the new lamina densa is complete. The old lamina densa remains below it but is no longer present by six months. The mechanism of action for microdiathermy in recurrent erosion is believed to be as follows: in the treated area, epithelium and activated fibroblasts secrete a new connective tissue layer, which provides a suitable substrate to which the epithelium can adhere until it secretes a new lamina densa and hemidesmosome formation can occur. AUWood TO; McLaughlin BJ; Boykins LG EM8601 IDEY05673 SOCurr Eye Res (England), Aug 1985, 4(8) p885-95 MJCornea; Diathermy MNBasement Membrane /RE /UL; Corneal Diseases /RT; Cornea /UL; Desmosomes /RE /UL; Epithelium /RE /UL; Microscopy, Electron; Necrosis; Rabbits; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); 7803-49-8 (hydroxylamine) IS0271-3683 LAEnglish JCDUB SBM UI86003560 TIPhosphorylated intermediates of two Ca++-ATPases in membrane preparations from lens epithelial cells. ABBy incubating preparations enriched in membranes from lens epithelial cells with [gamma 32P]-ATP and Ca++ at 0 degrees C for 15 seconds followed by SDS-PAGE analysis, it was possible to demonstrate a Ca++-dependent [32P]-phosphate incorporation in two polypeptides with Mr 105,000 and 140,000. Treatment of phosphorylated preparations with 0.06 N hydroxylamine at pH 5.4 and 25 degrees C removed the label from both polypeptides indicating that the phosphate was attached to the proteins by an anhydride linkage characteristic of the phosphorylated intermediates of the ATPases. Membrane preparations from sarcoplasmic reticulum and red blood cell studied under the same conditions showed a Ca++-dependent [32P]-phosphate incorporation into polypeptides with Mr 105,000 and 138,000, respectively, corresponding to the phosphorylated intermediates of the Ca++-ATPases present in these preparations. The results suggest the presence of two Ca++-ATPases in lens epithelial cells which, in terms of Mr, appear to be similar to those present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the red blood cell plasma membrane, respectively. AUChiesa R; Sredy J; Spector A EM8601 SOCurr Eye Res (England), Aug 1985, 4(8) p897-903 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium; Lens, Crystalline MNCattle; Cell Membrane /EN; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Epithelium /EN; Erythrocytes /EN; Hydroxylamines /PD; Phosphoproteins /BI; Phosphorylation; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum /EN MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0271-3683 LAEnglish JCDUB SBM UI86003561 TIBovine lens calmodulin. Isolation, partial characterization and calcium-independent binding to lens membrane proteins. ABCalmodulin has been isolated from calf lens fiber cells. Like other vertebrate calmodulins lens calmodulin shows a calcium-dependent mobility shift on SDS-polyacrylamide gels and forms immune complexes with antiserum, raised against vertebrate calmodulin. Via the gel overlay technique radioiodinated calmodulin from lens or bovine brain was found to bind to the main intrinsic protein (MIP) and the 17.5 kDa protein of lens fiber membranes in a calcium-independent manner. After proteolytic digestion of lens fiber membranes with trypsin or Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease the calmodulin-binding activity of MIP is retained. This result indicates that the small polypeptide fragment of MIP, which is accessible to proteolytic attack, apparently is not the attachment point for calmodulin. Two additional calmodulin-binding proteins (MW 14 kDa and 16.5 kDa) are observed in junction-enriched fiber membrane fractions. These junction-specific proteins are bound to the membrane via calcium. In addition to MIP and the 17.5 kDa protein they are possibly involved in the calcium-dependent regulation of lens fiber junctions. The 14 and 16.5 kDa proteins are also present in epithelial membranes, prepared from freshly obtained calf lens epithelia. Whereas in the latter membranes the two proteins form part of the four 14-17 kDa major protein components, these proteins are absent in membranes from cultured lens epithelial cells. The epithelial 14 kDa and 16.5 kDa proteins thus appear to be junction-specific. The capacity of the latter proteins to bind calmodulin in the presence and absence of calcium indicates that these junction-specific proteins are very similar, if not identical, to the corresponding fiber junctional proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUvan den Eijnden-van Raaij AJ; de Leeuw AL; Broekhuyse RM EM8601 SOCurr Eye Res (England), Aug 1985, 4(8) p905-12 MJCalmodulin; Crystallins; Lens, Crystalline MNCalmodulin /ME; Cattle; Chemistry; Chromatography; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Iodine Radioisotopes /DU; Lens, Crystalline /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2) IS0271-3683 LAEnglish JCDUB SBM UI86003562 TIComparison of tears and lacrimal gland fluid in the rabbit and guinea pig. ABThe excretory duct of the lacrimal gland of rabbits and guinea pigs was cannulated in situ for collection of pure lacrimal gland fluid, not contaminated by secretions from the Harderian gland or contributions of desquamating cells of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium. Tears as well as lacrimal gland fluid of both species showed a species-specific and molecular weight-dependent pattern after sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide (SDS-PAA) gradient slab gel electrophoresis. The most striking difference in both species was a protein corresponding to serum albumin present in tears and almost lacking in lacrimal gland fluid. Likewise, a variety of enzymes, total protein and PGE2 were measured in tears and lacrimal gland fluid. For rabbit tears the lacrimal gland is the primary tissue source of lysozyme (LZM), beta-hexosaminidase (beta-hex), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), plasminogen activator (PA) and total protein, while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the greater part of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are present in rabbit tears mainly as products from other ocular tissue sources. In guinea pig tears peroxidase (POD), ACE, PA and less PGE2 are exceted by the lacrimal gland, amylase (AMY), LDH and a substantial amount of PGE2 are added to the guinea pig tears by other ocular tissue sources. Beta-hex and total protein are released from the lacrimal gland and from other ocular tissue sources as well. AUThorig L ; van Agtmaal EJ; Glasius E; Tan KL; van Haeringen NJ EM8601 SOCurr Eye Res (England), Aug 1985, 4(8) p913-20 MJBody Fluids /ME; Guinea Pigs; Lacrimal Apparatus; Rabbits; Tears /ME MNBody Fluids /EN; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Eye Proteins /ME; Prostaglandins E /ME; Tears /EN MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0147-0272 LAEnglish JCDU8 SBM UI86003563 TINeck dissection for cancer. ABControl of metastatic disease in the neck is only a part of the spectrum of treatment of a patient with head and neck cancer. Concepts as to how to manage both the primary cancer and the possible metastases in the neck are constantly changing, and new combinations are being proposed almost daily. This article focuses mainly on the various surgical procedures that have been advocated in an attempt at controlling metastatic disease in the neck. The author has not considered the role of control of the primary cancer nor the significance of distant metastases in the rate of survival of patients with head and neck cancer. The frequency with which patients with cancer of the upper aerodigestive system develop second primaries indicates that we are only dealing with a portion of the problem. We have no way of reversing the premalignant changes that have probably developed in the epithelial surface of the smokers/alcoholics who constitute such a large percentage of the patients with whom we deal. AUBallantyne AJ EM8601 SOCurr Probl Cancer (United States), Aug 1985, 9(8) p1-34 MJHead and Neck Neoplasms; Radical Neck Dissection MNAdenocarcinoma /SU; Aged; Carcinoma, Papillary /SU; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /SU; Diagnosis, Differential; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms /SU; Lymphatic Metastasis; Melanoma /SU; Middle Age; Neck /AH; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pharyngeal Neoplasms /SU; Postoperative Complications; Thyroid Neoplasms /SU MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0045-9380 LAEnglish JCDVF SBM UI86003564 TICytogenetics update for pediatricians. AUWilson MG EM8601 ID286 SOCurr Probl Pediatr (United States), Oct 1985, 15(10) p1-47 MJChromosome Abnormalities /FG; Genetic Counseling MNAbnormalities, Multiple /FG; Chromosome Abnormalities /BL; Chromosome Banding /MT; Chromosome Deletion; Down's Syndrome /BL; Fragile X Syndrome /FG; Karyotyping; Mosaicism; Phenotype; Polyploidy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Sex Chromosome Abnormalities /DI; Translocation (Genetics); Trisomy MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0045-9380 LAEnglish JCDVF SBM UI86003565 TIEating disorders in the young. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia: Part II. AUComerci GD; Kilbourne K; Carroll AE EM8601 SOCurr Probl Pediatr (United States), Sep 1985, 15(9) p1-59 MJAnorexia Nervosa /TH; Appetite Disorders; Hyperphagia /TH MNAdolescence; Adult; Anorexia Nervosa /DH /PX; Behavior Therapy /MT; Cathartics; Combined Modality Therapy; Diuretics; Enteral Feeding; Family Therapy; Fluid Therapy; Hospitalization; Hyperphagia /DH; Nutrition; Parenteral Hyperalimentation; Patient Care Team; Psychotherapy; Substance Abuse /PP; Vomiting /PP; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003566 TIThe BALB/c mouse. Genetics and immunology. EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p1-253 MJMice, Inbred BALB C MNMice, Inbred BALB C /GE /IM; Mice MTAnimal IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003567 TIHistory of the BALB/c family. AUPotter M EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p1-5 MJMice, Inbred BALB C MNHistory of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Mice; Pedigree MCHistorical Article MTAnimal IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003568 TIImmunoprophylaxis in BALB/c mice: a model for development of protection against primary and secondary infection with Leishmania major. AUMock BA; Fortier AH; Meltzer MS; Nacy CA EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p107-14 MJLeishmaniasis; Mice, Inbred BALB C MNBCG Vaccine /TU; Immunologic Memory; Leishmania tropica; Mice MTAnimal IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003569 TIGenetic control of systemic Leishmania major infection: identification of subline differences for susceptibility to disease. AUMock BA; Fortier AH; Potter M; Blackwell J; Nacy CA EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p115-21 MJLeishmaniasis; Mice, Inbred Strains MNGenes, Regulator; Leishmania tropica; Leishmaniasis /IM; Macrophages /IM; Mice, Inbred BALB C /GE /IM; Mice, Inbred DBA /IM; Mice, Inbred Strains /IM; Mice MTAnimal IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003570 TIRole of T cells in the unusual cutaneous responses to Leishmania in BALB/c mice. AULiew FY; Howard JG EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p122-7 MJLeishmaniasis; Mice, Inbred BALB C; T Lymphocytes MNImmunization; Leishmania tropica /IM; Mice; Skin /IM MTAnimal IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003571 TISusceptibility of BALB/c sublines to infection with Listeria monocytogenes. AUSkamene E EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p128-33 MJListeria Infections /IM; Mice, Inbred BALB C /IM MNGenes, Dominant; Genes, Immune Response; Immunity, Natural; Listeria Infections /FG; Mice, Inbred BALB C /GE; Mice MTAnimal IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003572 TIGenetic control of the macrophage inflammatory response elicited in a subcutaneous site. AUKongshavn PA; Anthony LS EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p134-7 MJMacrophages; Mice, Inbred Strains MNChromosome Mapping; Inflammation /PP; Listeria Monocytogenes; Mice MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003573 TIInteraction of Nocardia asteroides in BALB/c mice: modulation of macrophage function, enzyme activity and the induction of immunologically specific T-cell bactericidal activity. AUBeaman BL; Black C EM8601 IDAI-19579 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p138-47 MJMice, Inbred BALB C; Nocardia Infections MNBlood Bactericidal Activity; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lung /IM; Lysosomes /EN; Macrophages /PH; Mice; Nocardia Asteroides; Phagocytosis; T Lymphocytes /IM MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003574 TIThe BALB/c mouse as a model to study orthopoxviruses. AUBuller RM EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p148-53 MJDisease Models, Animal; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Poxvirus Infections MNEctromelia Virus; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Natural; Mice, Inbred BALB C /MI; Mice; Vaccinia Virus; Viral Vaccines /IM MTAnimal IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003575 TIGenetic control of multisystem autoimmune disease in encephalomyocarditis virus infected BALB/cCUM and BALB/cBYJ mice. AUBabu PG; Huber S; Sriram S; Craighead JE EM8601 IDAM31533 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p154-61 MJAutoimmune Diseases; Enterovirus Infections /IM; Mice, Inbred BALB C MNAutoimmune Diseases /MI; Diabetes Mellitus /ET; Encephalomyocarditis Viruses; Enterovirus Infections /CO; Immunity, Cellular; Mice, Inbred BALB C /IM; Mice; Myocarditis /ET; Paralysis /ET; T Lymphocytes /IM MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003576 TISusceptibility to Abelson or Moloney murine leukemia viruses. AURisser R; Kaehler D EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p162-8 MJLeukemia, Experimental /IM; Mice, Inbred Strains /IM MNAbelson Leukemia Virus; Antigens, Neoplasm /AN; Immunity, Natural; Leukemia, Experimental /FG; Lymphoma /IM; Mice, Inbred Strains /GE; Mice; Moloney Leukemia Virus; Thymoma /IM MTAnimal IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003577 TIImmunological tolerance in BALB/c mice. AUHoward JG EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p171-5 MJImmune Tolerance; Mice, Inbred BALB C MNDextrans /IM; Gamma Globulins /IM; Glucosides /IM; Mice MTAnimal IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003578 TIThe Tol-1 gene in BALB/c mice. AUCowing C; Schricker P; Leskowitz S EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p176-80 MJImmune Tolerance; Mice, Inbred BALB C MNAntigens; Genes, Immune Response; Heterozygote; Macrophages /IM; Mice, Inbred BALB C /IM; Mice, Inbred DBA /IM; Mice MTAnimal IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003579 TIDifferential susceptibility to experimental autoimmune orchitis in BALB/c substrains. AUTeuscher C; Potter M; Tung KS EM8601 IDHD 14504 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p181-8 MJAutoimmune Diseases; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Testicular Diseases MNAutoimmune Diseases /PA; Mice; Species Specificity; Testicular Diseases /PA; Testis /IM MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003580 TIVariation in responsiveness of BALB/c sublines and congenic mice to phase I Coxiella burnetii infection and vaccination. AUWilliams JC; Sanchez V; Scott GH; Stephenson EH; Gibbs PH EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p189-99 MJCoxiella; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Q Fever MNAntigens, Bacterial /IM; Lymphocyte Transformation; Lymphocytes /IM; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Vaccination MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.1. (Alcohol Oxidoreductases); EC 3.1. (Esterases); EC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes); 0 (Qa surface antigens) IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003581 TIGenetic differences in BALB/c sublines. AUHilgers J; van Nie R; Ivanyi D ; Hilkens J; Michalides R; de Moes J; Poort-Keesom R; Kroezen V; von Deimling O; Kominami R; et al EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p19-30 MJMice, Inbred BALB C /GE MNAlcohol Oxidoreductases /GE; Antigens, Surface /GE; DNA Restriction Enzymes /DU; DNA, Viral /AN; Esterases /GE; Isoenzymes /GE; Mammary Cancer Virus /GE; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental /FG; Mice, Inbred BALB C /CL; Mice; Netherlands; Pedigree; Polymorphism (Genetics); Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid MCReview MTAnimal IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003582 TIIsotype-specific interactions between regulatory T cells and secreted and membrane-bound monoclonal immunoglobulins. AULynch RG; Mathur A; Williams KR; Mueller A EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p200-4 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Hybridomas; Plasmacytoma; T Lymphocytes MNImmunoglobulins, Heavy Chain /IM; Immunoglobulins, Surface /IM; Mice; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell /IM; Receptors, Fc /IM MTAnimal IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003583 TIGenetic control of immunoglobulin isotype restriction. AUSlack JH EM8601 IDNO1-CB-25584 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p205-9 MJGenes, Immune Response; Immunoglobulins, Heavy Chain; Mice, Inbred Strains /IM MNHemolytic Plaque Technic; Major Histocompatibility Complex; Mice, Inbred Strains /GE; Mice MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN1921-70-6 (pristane) IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003584 TIPristane-induced arthritis in BALB/c mice. AUHopkins SJ; Freemont AJ; Jayson MI EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p213-20 MJArthritis; Mice, Inbred BALB C MNArthritis /PA; Ascites /CI; Mice; Terpenes; Time Factors MTAnimal RN1921-70-6 (pristane) IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003585 TIResponse of the peritoneal mesothelium to the mineral oil, pristane. AULeak LV; Potter M; Mayfield WJ EM8601 IDHL13901; AI-10639 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p221-33 MJPeritoneum; Terpenes MNConnective Tissue /DE /UL; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Peritoneum /UL; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN1921-70-6 (pristane) IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003586 TIBALB/c subline differences in susceptibility to plasmacytoma induction. AUPotter M; Wax JS; Blankenhorn E EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p234-41 MJMice, Inbred BALB C; Plasmacytoma MNGenes, Immune Response; Granuloma /CI; Immunity, Natural; Mice; Terpenes MTAnimal RN1921-70-6 (pristane) IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003587 TIDifferences in the peritoneal response to pristane in BALB/cAnPt and BALB/cJ mice. AUAnderson AO; Wax JS; Potter M EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p242-53 MJMice, Inbred BALB C; Peritoneum; Plasmacytoma; Terpenes MNMice; Neovascularization; Peritoneum /UL; Polyps /CI MTAnimal IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003588 TIA series of recombinant inbred strains between the BALB/cHeA and STS/A mouse strains. AUHilgers J; Arends J EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p31-7 MJMice, Inbred Strains MNHeterozygote; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental /FG; Mice, Inbred BALB C /GE; Mice; Polymorphism (Genetics) MTAnimal IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003589 TICharacteristics of the wm substrain of BALB/c mice. AUMurphy WH; Bolgos GL EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p38-42 MJMice, Inbred BALB C MNBacterial Infections; Immunity, Natural; Leukemia, Experimental /IM; Mice; Virus Diseases MTAnimal RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes); 0 (Qa surface antigens) IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003590 TIQa2 expression in BALB/c sublines and a BALB/cLAC tumor. AURogers MJ; Galetto G; Matthai R; Potter M EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p43-9 MJAntigens, Surface; Mice, Inbred BALB C /IM; Neoplasms, Experimental /IM MNChromosome Mapping; DNA Restriction Enzymes /DU; Mice, Inbred BALB C /GE; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental /FG; Polymorphism (Genetics); Recombination, Genetic MTAnimal IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003591 TIStudies into the raf and Rif genes in the mouse. AUPachnis V; Belayew A; Tilghman SM EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p50-2 MJAlpha Fetoproteins; Genes, Regulator; Mice, Inbred BALB C MNChromosome Mapping; Gene Expression Regulation; Mice MTAnimal RN0 (Qa surface antigens) IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003592 TIGenetic analysis of alphafetoprotein levels in BALB/c sublines. AUBlankenhorn EP; Wax JS; Matthai R; Potter M EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p53-7 MJAlpha Fetoproteins; Mice, Inbred BALB C MNAntigens, Surface /GE; Chromosome Mapping; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Regulator; Isoenzymes /GE; Mice; Plasmacytoma /FG MTAnimal RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes) IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003593 TIThe origin and meiotic instability of a polymorphic repetitive sequence PRI family. AUKominami R; Muramatsu M; Sudo K; Yoshikura H; Suzuki H; Moriwaki K; Hilgers J EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p58-65 MJMice; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid MNDNA Restriction Enzymes /DU; DNA, Ribosomal /GE; Heterozygote; Meiosis; Polymorphism (Genetics) MTAnimal RNEC 1.1.- (Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase); 0 (mitochondrial uncoupling protein) IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003594 TIGenetic variation in catecholamine responsive metabolic pathways--a hypothesis for a common regulatory mechanism in BALB/c sublines. AUKozak LP EM8601 IDHD 06712; HD 08431 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p66-70 MJCatecholamines; Mice, Inbred BALB C MNBrown Fat /PH; Cerebellum /PH; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Regulator; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase /GE; Membrane Proteins /GE; Mice; Variation (Genetics) MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003595 TIDNA hybridization subtraction: differences detected between BALB/cAnPt and BALB/cJax at the DNA level. AUHuppi K; von Deimling A; Mushinski J; Potter M EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p71-7 MJMice, Inbred BALB C MNDNA /GE; Mice; Nucleic Acid Hybridization MTAnimal RN18883-66-4 (Streptozotocin) IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003596 TIDifferential susceptibility of BALB/c sublines to diabetes induction by multi-dose streptozotocin treatment. AULeiter EH EM8601 IDAM 27722; AM 17631 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p78-85 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Mice, Inbred BALB C MNAndrogens /PH; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Mice, Nude /PH; Mice; Streptozotocin /AD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003597 TIGenetically contaminated BALB/c nude mice. AUGubbels E; Poort-Keesom R; Hilgers J EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p86-8 MJMice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude MNIsoenzymes /GE; Mice MTAnimal RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes) IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003598 TIThe genetic stability of endogenous type B and C retroviruses in BALB/c sublines. AUGallahan D; Robbins J; Byrd L; Callahan R EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p89-94 MJMice, Inbred BALB C /MI; Retroviridae MNChromosome Mapping; DNA Restriction Enzymes /DU; DNA, Viral /GE; Mice, Inbred BALB C /GE; Mice MTAnimal RN0 (major urinary proteins) IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003599 TISome unusual genetic characteristics of BALB/c and evidence for genetic variation among BALB/c substrains. AURoderick TH; Langley SH; Leiter EH EM8601 IDGM19656; AM27722; AM17631; + SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p9-18 MJMice, Inbred BALB C /GE MNGene Frequency; Mice, Inbred BALB C /CL; Mice; Pedigree; Proteins /GE; Species Specificity; Variation (Genetics) MCReview MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0070-217X LAEnglish JCDWQ UI86003600 TIResponse of BALB/c mice to leishmanial infection. AUBlackwell JM; Roberts B; Alexander J EM8601 SOCurr Top Microbiol Immunol (Germany, West), 1985, 122 p97-106 MJLeishmaniasis /IM; Mice, Inbred BALB C /IM MNGenes, Immune Response; Leishmania donovani; Leishmania tropica; Leishmaniasis /FG; Mice, Inbred BALB C /GE /PS; Mice MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN64-86-8 (Colchicine) IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003601 TIPreferential nondisjunction of specific bivalents in oocytes from Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) following colchicine treatment. ABIn an attempt to study the mechanisms leading to nondisjunction during meiosis I, Djungarian hamster females were treated with colchicine (3 mg/kg), which binds specifically to tubulin. The number of ovulated oocytes per female was significantly reduced following colchicine treatment (8.2 +/- 5.3, compared to 10.6 +/- 5.9 in controls receiving saline solution only). Application of colchicine rather late during oocyte maturation (ie, 5.5 h after injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin) caused a significant increase in the number of ovulated diploid (34.5%) and hyperhaploid (11.7%) oocytes, compared to the frequencies observed in the saline-treated controls (0.8% and 3.5%, respectively). Specific bivalents (viz, the large meta- and submetacentric chromosomes of groups A, B, and C) were preferentially involved in colchicine-induced nondisjunction. The same pattern of chromosomal malsegregation was previously observed in oocytes from this hamster species following hypergonadotrophic stimulation. Preferential involvement of bivalents in the process of nondisjunction, whether induced by colchicine or hypergonadotrophic stimulation, is explained by an interference with microtubular function affecting those bivalents that are the last to segregate. AUHummler E; Hansmann I EM8601 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p161-7 MJColchicine; Nondisjunction, Genetic; Oocytes MNCentromere /DE /UL; Hamsters; Karyotyping; Meiosis; Metaphase; Oocytes /DE MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003602 TIBreakage on chromosome 2 brings the Ck gene to a region 3' of c-myc in a Burkitt's lymphoma line carrying a (2;8) translocation. ABWe have shown using in situ hybridization that the constant region of the kappa light chain immunoglobulin gene (Ck) is translocated from chromosome 2 to chromosome 8 in Burkitt's lymphoma cells with a (2;8) translocation. The Ck gene then ends up adjacent to and on the 3' side of c-myc. The breakpoint probably falls between the gene for the variable region of the kappa light chain (Vk) and the Ck gene. AUMalcolm S; Davis M; Rabbitts TH EM8601 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p168-72 MJBurkitt's Lymphoma; Chromosomes, Human, 1-3; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12; Genes, Structural; Immunoglobulins, Kappa Chain; Immunoglobulins, Light Chain; Oncogenes; Translocation (Genetics) MNBurkitt's Lymphoma /IM; Cell Line; Chromosome Banding; Nucleic Acid Hybridization MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003603 TIIn situ hybridization and translocation breakpoint mapping. II. Two unusual t(21;22) translocations. ABUsing a combination of banding techniques, we examined two atypical 21;22 translocations, 46,XX or XY,t(21;22)(p11;q11). In situ chromosomal hybridization of a probe for the constant region of the lambda light chain locus demonstrated that the 22q11 breakpoints of both rearrangements were proximal to the C lambda gene cluster. These studies permitted us to distinguish the 22q11 breakpoints of these translocations from the breakpoint of the 22q--chromosome of chronic myelogenous leukemia. AUCannizzaro LA; Aronson MM; Emanuel BS EM8601 IDGM-32592; CA-39926; GM-07511 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p173-8 MJChromosomes, Human, 21-22; Immunoglobulins, Lambda Chain; Immunoglobulins, Light Chain; Translocation (Genetics) MNChromosome Banding; Chromosome Mapping; Genes, Structural; Karyotyping; Lymphocytes /CY; Nucleic Acid Hybridization MTFemale; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003604 TIIn situ hybridization and translocation breakpoint mapping. III. DiGeorge syndrome with partial monosomy of chromosome 22. ABWe have performed in situ hybridization of a probe for the lambda IGLC constant region to metaphase spreads from two DiGeorge syndrome (DGS)-related chromosomal rearrangements with breakpoints in 22q11. In this study we have demonstrated that the breakpoints are proximal to the lambda IGLC constant region cluster. Thus, at the molecular level, DGS-related breakpoints can be distinguished from the 22q11 breakpoint of CML, but not from the 8;22 translocation of Burkitt lymphoma or from the 21;22 translocations that we have previously studied. AUCannizzaro LA; Emanuel BS EM8601 IDGM-32592; CA-39926; GM-07511 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p179-83 MJChromosome Deletion; Chromosomes, Human, 21-22; Digeorge Syndrome; Immunoglobulins, Lambda Chain; Immunoglobulins, Light Chain; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Monosomy; Translocation (Genetics) MNCell Line; Chromosome Banding; Chromosome Mapping; Genes, Structural; Karyotyping; Nucleic Acid Hybridization MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN58-85-5 (Biotin) IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003605 TIDetection of Y-specific repeat sequences in normal and variant human chromosomes using in situ hybridization with biotinylated probes. ABIn situ hybridization with a cloned human Y-specific repeat, pY3.4, derived from the 3.4-kb HaeIII repetitive sequences, is useful in identifying Yq-autosome translocations. In this study nonradioactive procedures were also employed to detect the sites of hybridization. Using a biotinylated probe and either immunofluorescence or horseradish peroxidase reaction, the chromosomes of three probands and members of their families with probable Y-autosome translocations were examined. It was found that not all such translocations can be correctly diagnosed based on conventional banding analysis. The present data indicate the importance of chromosome-specific probes in studying chromosome rearrangements in man. AULau YF EM8601 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p184-7 MJSex Chromosome Abnormalities; Variation (Genetics); Y Chromosome MNBiotin /DU; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Fibroblasts /CY; Lymphocytes /CY; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Reference Values; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Translation, Genetic; Translocation (Genetics) MTComparative Study; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN64-86-8 (Colchicine) IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003606 TIStudies on endoreduplication. V. A three-dimensional scheme for diplo- and quadruple chromosomes and a model for DNA replication. ABThe metaphase appearance of quadruple chromosomes in colchicine-treated CHO cells was compared between air-dried and gently squashed preparations. A marked difference in morphology between the two methods suggested that the planar alignment of quadruple chromosomes is an artifact of the spreading process and that quadruple chromosomes are organized within the nucleus in a three-dimensional configuration. By analyzing the alignment of the original and replicated strands, using BrdU incorporation, the three-dimensional orientation of the chromatids in quadruple chromosomes could be traced. This analysis led to a new model for DNA replication. According to this model, an opening of a DNA base pair which rotates about 90 degrees with respect to the deoxyribose phosphate backbone precedes DNA replication, resulting in the formation of the newly replicated strands perpendicular to the original plane of the base pair. This model, although derived from endoreduplication, may be applicable to a general scheme for DNA replication during normal chromosome duplication. AUTakanari H EM8601 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p188-93 MJDNA Replication; Models, Genetic MNCell Line; Colchicine /PD; Cricetulus; Hamsters; Karyotyping; Metaphase; Models, Structural; Ovary MTAnimal; Female IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003607 TIChromosomal evolution in Malagasy lemurs. VIII. Chromosome banding studies of Lepilemur ruficaudatus, L leucopus, and L septentrionalis. ABThe karyotypes of three Lepilemuridae species, Lepilemur ruficaudatus, L leucopus, and L septentrionalis, are described and compared. An almost complete analogy of chromosome banding is exhibited. Several complex chromosomal rearrangements, especially end-to-end translocations, have occurred in the evolution of these species. The chromosomal data indicate that the species studied are well separated. In addition, their common chromosomal characters show that they constitute a clearly distinct family among the lemurs. AURumpler Y; Ishak B; Warter S; Dutrillaux B EM8601 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p194-9 MJChromosomes; Evolution; Lemuridae; Lemur MNChromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Banding; Karyotyping; Species Specificity; Translocation (Genetics) MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003608 TIChromosome mapping of genes on the short arm of human chromosome 11: parathyroid hormone gene is at 11p15 together with the genes for insulin, c-Harvey-ras 1, and beta-hemoglobin. ABThe human parathyroid hormone gene (PTH) was mapped to the 11p15 chromosomal band by in situ hybridization. Using the same procedures and cells, the closely linked beta-hemoglobin gene (HBB), the Harvey-ras 1 proto-oncogene (HRAS1), and the insulin gene (INS) were also mapped to this same region. Some reports have demonstrated differences in regional localization of the latter three genes, and linkage and molecular studies have not resolved how far this linkage group extends from p15 toward the centromere on the physical gene map. Our results show that all of these genes are localized at 11p15, a region of one chromosomal band that appears to comprise a genetic distance of more than 20 cM. AUZabel BU; Kronenberg HM; Bell GI; Shows TB EM8601 IDGM 20454 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p200-5 MJChromosomes, Human, 6-12; Genes, Structural; Hemoglobins; Insulin; Oncogenes; Parathyroid Hormones MNChromosome Mapping; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Recombinant /AN; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Plasmids MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003609 TIAssignment of the porcine major histocompatibility complex to chromosome 7 by in situ hybridization. ABThe major histocompatibility complex (SLA) of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) was regionally mapped to 7p12----q12 by in situ hybridization with an SLA class I-specific recombinant DNA probe. This localization contradicts linkage data suggesting a possible assignment of the SLA locus to porcine chromosome 15. AURabin M; Fries R; Singer D; Ruddle FH EM8601 IDGM-09966 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p206-9 MJChromosome Mapping; Major Histocompatibility Complex MNCell Line; Chromosome Banding; Fibroblasts /CY; Linkage (Genetics); Metaphase; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Swine MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN59-14-3 (Bromodeoxyuridine); 65-61-2 (Acridine Orange) IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003610 TICorrelation between X-chromosome inactivation and cell differentiation in female preimplantation mouse embryos. ABBy means of a cytological method involving BrdU incorporation and acridine orange fluorescence staining in combination with embryo manipulation, we studied X-chromosome activity in female preimplantation mouse embryos with special reference to the correlation between X-chromosome inactivation and cell differentiation. There was no sign of asynchronous replication between the two X chromosomes from the one-cell to intermediate blastocyst stage. The allocyclic X chromosome, first detected in late blastocysts, was paternal in origin, mostly replicating early in the S phase and limited to the trophectoderm. Subsequent X-chromosome inactivation occurring in the primary endoderm was also characterized by the involvement of the paternal X and early replication. Both X chromosomes continued to replicate synchronously in the embryonic ectoderm or epiblast at this stage. It was evident that overt cell differentiation preceded the appearance of the asynchronously replicating X chromosome in the trophectoderm and primary endoderm. This finding seems to support the view that cell differentiation is an important correlate of X-chromosome inactivation. AUSugawara O; Takagi N; Sasaki M EM8601 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p210-9 MJBlastocyst; Cleavage Stage, Ovum; Morula; X Chromosome MNAcridine Orange; Bromodeoxyuridine /DU; Cell Aggregation; Cell Differentiation; Mice; Ovum Implantation MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003611 TILocalization of the alpha and beta casein genes to the q24 region of chromosome 12 in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) by in situ hybridization. ABThe syntenic alpha and beta casein genes were localized in the rabbit by chromosomal in situ hybridization, using a mixture of two radioactive cDNA probes corresponding to these two genes. Highly significant labeling was observed on chromosome 12. A total of 175 silver grains was found on chromosomes in the 193 mitoses studied; 18% of the grains were on chromosome 12, and 42% of the grains on this chromosome were localized to the 12q24 region. Statistical analysis revealed that this labeling was highly significant. AUGellin J; Echard G; Yerle M; Dalens M; Chevalet C; Gillois M EM8601 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p220-3 MJCaseins; Chromosome Mapping; Genes, Structural MNAnimals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; Fibroblasts /CY; Karyotyping; Metaphase; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Rabbits MTAnimal RNEC 4.1.1. (Carboxy-Lyases); EC 4.1.1.37 (Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase) IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003612 TIAssignment of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) to the pter----p21 region of human chromosome 1. ABThe assignment of the human gene for uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) to chromosome 1 is confirmed and further localized to the pter----p21 region through the use of human-mouse somatic cell hybrids. Human and mouse UROD were separated by electrophoresis and identified with antibodies to the human enzyme after electrophoretic transfer to nitrocellulose membranes. AUMcLellan T; Pryor MA; Kushner JP; Eddy RL; Shows TB EM8601 IDAM-20503; GM-20454 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p224-7 MJCarboxy-Lyases; Chromosomes, Human, 1-3; Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase MNAntibodies; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Cell Line; Chromosome Mapping; Hybrid Cells /CY /EN; Mice MTAnimal; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN303-45-7 (Gossypol) IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003613 TIEffects of the male contraceptive agent gossypol on meiotic chromosomes of the male rat. ABSynaptonemal complexes (SCs) of rat spermatocytes were analyzed in silver-stained meiotic preparations 10-24 days after treatment with gossypol acetic acid, 30 mg/kg/day, for 70 days. Gossypol did not affect SC formation or function, as judged by the absence of pairing anomalies, SC fragmentation, or presynaptic arrest. The unpaired lateral axes could be seen at zygotene, and at pachytene normal SCs could be observed. The behavior of the XY axes also appeared to be normal. AUBhagirath T; Kundu SC EM8601 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p228-30 MJChromosomes /UL; Contraceptive Agents, Male; Gossypol; Spermatocytes MNChromosomes /DE; Meiosis /DE; Rats; Spermatocytes /DE; Synaptonemal Complex /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9001-25-6 (Factor VII); 9001-29-0 (Factor X) IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003614 TIThe structural gene for human coagulation factor X is located on chromosome 13q34. ABThe gene coding for coagulation factor X was studied in a family segregating chromosomal abnormalities involving chromosomes 13 and 6. An individual monosomic for 13q34 was deficient in levels of clotting factors VII and X, while her brother, who is trisomic for 13q34, had elevated levels. DNA dosage studies with a cloned human factor X gene demonstrated that the low levels of factor X expression in the individual with the chromosome 13q34 deletion were due to the absence of one copy of the factor X structural gene. This confirms the assignment of the human gene coding for factor X to 13q34. AUScambler PJ; Williamson R EM8601 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p231-3 MJChromosomes, Human, 13-15; Factor X; Genes, Structural MNBlood Coagulation Factors /GE; Chromosome Abnormalities; Chromosome Mapping; Factor VII Deficiency /FG; Factor VII /GE; Factor X Deficiency /FG; Monosomy; Pedigree MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN320-67-2 (Azacytidine) IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003615 TIAlterations in the time of X chromosome replication induced by 5-azacytidine in a patient with 48,XXXY/47,XXY. ABIt has recently been shown that 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) can induce altered replication patterns of the late-replicating X chromosome in normal female cells. This has been demonstrated by bromodeoxyuridine labelling of cells late in the S phase. In the present study the same method was applied to the lymphocytes of a Klinefelter patient (48,XXXY/47,XXY). Significant 5-azaC-induced changes in the replication of the entire inactive X chromosome, from late to early, were found in the lymphocytes of this patient. These results indicate that hypomethylating agents can not only alter the replication of individual bands, but also change the gross replication schedule of multiple inactive X chromosomes in the presence of a Y chromosome. AUGregory P; Greene C; Shapira E; Wang N EM8601 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p234-6 MJAzacytidine; Klinefelter's Syndrome; X Chromosome /UL MNCells, Cultured; Karyotyping; Lymphocytes /CY; Metaphase; X Chromosome /DE MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003616 TIFamilial reciprocal translocation t(1;4)(q31;p15) traced through five generations. AUMartin-Lucas MA ; Perez-Castillo A ; Abrisqueta JA EM8601 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p237 MJChromosomes, Human, 1-3; Translocation (Genetics) MNHeterozygote Detection; Karyotyping; Pedigree MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0301-0171 LAEnglish JCDXK SBM; X UI86003617 TICystic fibrosis: analysis of linkage of the disease locus to red cell and plasma protein markers. AUTsui LC; Cox DW; McAlpine PJ; Buchwald M EM8601 SOCytogenet Cell Genet (Switzerland), 1985, 39(3) p238-9 MJBlood Proteins; Cystic Fibrosis; Linkage (Genetics) MNErythrocytes /ME MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0011-6092 LAEnglish JCDYN SBM UI86003618 TITumor-associated and spontaneous lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against cell lines derived from human urothelium. AUVilien M EM8601 SODan Med Bull (Denmark), Aug 1985, 32(4) p199-218 MJBladder Neoplasms; Bladder /IM; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Immunity, Cellular; Lymphocytes MNAntigens, Neoplasm /IM; Bladder /CY; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Chromium Radioisotopes /DU; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Epithelium /CY /IM; Immunologic Surveillance; Major Histocompatibility Complex; Mice, Nude; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental /IM; Neoplasms /IM; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic /IM MCReview MTAnimal; Human IS0011-6092 LAEnglish JCDYN SBM UI86003619 TIEndometrial carcinoma. A retrospective, epidemiological study. ABIn a retrospective, epidemiological study of 414 patients with endometrial carcinoma, 73.4 percent were overweight and 55.8 percent were obese. The patients had a significantly greater absolute and relative weight than normal control subjects. A tendency was also apparent for height to be greater than in the controls. The patients had low fertility, early menarche and a tendency to late menopause, as well as a considerable premorbid consumption of estrogen preparations. Another characteristic of the patients was their low social class. The aetiology of endometrial carcinoma is presumably multifactorial. Long-term or increased estrogen stimulation of the endometrium plays a role, possibly potentiated by absence of progesterone influence. Obesity contributes to elevated estrogen level by the conversion of androstenedione to estrone in the fatty tissue. The diet depends on the social background and is significant for the development of obesity. Obesity, together with the amount and the composition of the food consumed, might predispose to endometrial cancer by elevated production of endogenous estrogen. AUJensen H EM8601 SODan Med Bull (Denmark), Aug 1985, 32(4) p219-28 MJAdenocarcinoma /OC; Uterine Neoplasms /OC MNAdenocarcinoma /ET; Adult; Aged; Body Height; Body Weight; Denmark; Estrogens /AN; Fertility; Menopause; Middle Age; Obesity /CO; Retrospective Studies; Risk; Social Class; Uterine Neoplasms /ET MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0011-6092 LAEnglish JCDYN SBM UI86003620 TISarcosporidiosis--an overlooked zoonosis. Man as intermediate and final host. ABTrichinoscopical investigation in 1971 revealed a prevalence rate of Sarcocystis infection of 2.8 percent in 49,000 sows and boars, and 0.67 percent in 60,000 bacon pigs. The investigation revealed ten percent infected stocks, showing that sarcosporidiosis is ubiquitous. Trichinoscopical examination of 112 specimens of human muscle tissue revealed four cases of sarcocystis infection corresponding to 3.6 percent-i.e., the rate of infection was comparable to that found in sows and boars. Man, when acting in the role of the final host, often exhibits severe symptoms of indigestion. Sarcocystis infection in the intermediate host may cause abortion. Could this happen in human cases as well? The fact that man acts as an intermediate as well as a final host indicates that sarcosporidiosis is a zoonosis. AUGreve E EM8601 SODan Med Bull (Denmark), Aug 1985, 32(4) p228-30 MJSarcosporidiosis /TM MNCat Diseases /TM; Cats; Cattle; Deer; Denmark; Dog Diseases /TM; Dogs; Meat; Sarcosporidiosis /OC /VE; Swine; Zoonoses MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN83-43-2 (Methylprednisolone) IS0011-6092 LAEnglish JCDYN SBM UI86003621 TIIntravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy in ankylosing spondylitis. ABFor several years the medical treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has been NSAID because gold, penicillamine, antimalarials and steroids have been without efficacy. In 1981, Mintz et al reported that methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPPT) had an excellent effect in patients with AS. Seven patients with active AS and insufficient efficacy of NSAID for three months were treated with one gram methylprednisolone daily given intravenously for three successive days. Mobility and pain were recorded before, during, and after treatment. Significant pain relief and improvement of mobility of the spine for at least six weeks were clearly demonstrated (p less than 0.05). Finger to floor distance and chin manubrium distance improved significantly for at least six months (p less than 0.05). We conclude that intravenous MPPT is a useful treatment in patients with active AS when NSAID is insufficient. AUEjstrup L; Peters ND EM8601 SODan Med Bull (Denmark), Aug 1985, 32(4) p231-3 MJMethylprednisolone; Spondylitis, Ankylosing MNAdult; Infusions, Parenteral; Methylprednisolone /AE /TU; Middle Age; Pain /DT; Veins MTFemale; Human; Male IS0011-6092 LAEnglish JCDYN SBM UI86003622 TIThe significance of platelet-associated immunoglobulin G in non-thrombocytopenic patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ABThe possible pathogenetic significance of platelet-associated immunoglobulin G in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been studied, using a semiquantitative immunofluorescence technique. The study included 22 patients suffering from SLE during the period 1973-81. Thirteen patients had various clinical and/or laboratory signs of disease activity at the time of investigation, but none showed thrombocyte values below the normal range. A positive reaction for platelet-associated immunoglobulin in serum (indirect PlIgG) was demonstrated in 73 percent of the cases and in two patients on their own platelets also (direct PlIgG). The study included investigation of ANA (80% positive) and anti-DNA (positive in three patients only). A significant negative correlation was found between indirect PlIgG and platelet count and between ANA (/IgG or IgM) and platelet count. Indirect PlIgG correlated with known expressions of disease activity, as high ESR and low Hb, and in patients with direct PlIgG, several markers of disease activity were found to be present. It is concluded that PlIgG may be of pathogenetic importance and can be used as a marker of disease activity. AUSorensen PG; Mickley H; Fristed P; Diederichsen H EM8601 SODan Med Bull (Denmark), Aug 1985, 32(4) p233-7 MJBlood Platelets; IgG; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic /IM MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Antinuclear Factors /AN; Immunologic Technics; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic /DI; Middle Age; Platelet Count MTFemale; Human; Male IS0011-6092 LAEnglish JCDYN SBM UI86003623 TIVisceral artery aneurysms. A review. ABAlthough rare, visceral artery aneurysms are reported with increasing frequency, mostly as a result of the growing use of angiography in unclear cases of abdominal symptoms. The splenic artery aneurysms are by far the most common, followed in frequency by the renal and hepatic artery aneurysms. The splenic and renal artery should undergo surgery in all cases of symptomatic aneurysms, asymptomatic aneurysms discovered in pregnant women or women of child-bearing age, aneurysms with documented growth, and aneurysms with a diameter more than 2 cm. The hepatic artery aneurysms as well as the more rare aneurysms should be treated surgically as soon as the diagnosis is established because the natural course of these aneurysms seems to be progression to rupture. In high risk patients, transcatheter arterial embolisation has recently proven to be a useful alternative to surgery in many cases. AUJorgensen BA EM8601 SODan Med Bull (Denmark), Aug 1985, 32(4) p237-42 MJAneurysm MNAdult; Aneurysm /TH; Celiac Artery; Hepatic Artery; Mesenteric Arteries; Middle Age; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Pregnancy; Prognosis; Renal Artery; Splenic Artery; Stomach /BS MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003638 TILieutenant of the men of death [editorial] AUBass JB Jr EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p483-4 MJPneumonia /MI MNBronchoscopy; Pneumonia /DI MTHuman IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003639 TIAlterations of pulmonary epithelial permeability caused by smoking and other injuries to the lungs [editorial] AUMason GR EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p484-5 MJLung; Smoking MNEpithelium /ME; Permeability MTHuman IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003640 TIOsler-Charcot disease. A new title for an old friend [editorial] AUSharma OP EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p485-6 MJNomenclature; Pulmonary Fibrosis MTHuman IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003641 TIWilliam Tell and technology [editorial] AUTerry PB EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p486-7 MJBronchoscopy; Technology, Medical MTHuman RN144-55-8 (sodium bicarbonate); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003642 TISodium bicarbonate during CPR. Does it help or hinder? [editorial] AUWeil MH; Trevino RP; Rackow EC EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p487 MJBicarbonates; Resuscitation; Sodium MNBicarbonates /TU; Risk; Sodium /TU MTAnimal; Human RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003643 TIPulmonary function and ventilatory response to chemical stimuli in familial myopathy. ABWe studied the pulmonary function and ventilatory response to carbon dioxide and hypoxia in three sisters aged 16, 13, and 10 years who presented with droopy eyelids, external ophthalmoplegia, hearing loss, speech difficulty, and truncal muscular weakness. Pulmonary function test results showed decreased maximum static pressure, reduced vital capacity and total lung capacity, normal functional residual capacity, elevated residual volume, and reduced dynamic pulmonary volumes. The degree of functional abnormality paralleled the severity of clinical manifestations. The characteristic picture of pulmonary functional abnormality was distinct from either restrictive disorders of pulmonary origin or obstructive pulmonary diseases. The ventilatory response to hypoxia was markedly diminished and hypercapnic response was moderately diminished in all three patients. AUWeng TR; Schultz GE; Chang CH; Nigro MA EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p488-95 MJCarbon Dioxide; Lung; Neuromuscular Diseases /PP; Oxygen; Respiration MNAdolescence; Chemoreceptors /PH; Child; Lung Volume Measurements; Muscles /PA; Neuromuscular Diseases /FG /PA MTFemale; Human RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003644 TIHemodynamic and myocardial metabolic consequences of PEEP. ABThe cardiac effects of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) were examined in 50 patients six hours after elective coronary bypass surgery. Increasing the level of PEEP from 5 to 10 to 15 cm H2O decreased cardiac index (evaluated by thermodilution), stroke index and left ventricular end diastolic volume index without a change in left ventricular ejection fraction (evaluated by nuclear ventriculography). Right ventricular end diastolic volume index remained unchanged. Coronary sinus blood flow (measured by the continuous thermodilution technique) and myocardial oxygen and lactate consumption were unchanged with the application of 15 cm H2O PEEP. In 21 patients, volume loading (250 ml [mL] of plasma) was performed at 5 cm, and again at 15 cm H2O PEEP. Volume loading produced a similar increase in cardiac volumes and cardiac index at 5 and 15 cm H2O PEEP. Right and left ventricular performance and left ventricular systolic function were not altered by PEEP (by analyses of covariance). Coronary sinus blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption increased with volume loading at 5 and 15 cm H2O of PEEP, but myocardial lactate utilization tended to increase at 5 cm, and decrease at 15 cm H2O PEEP (p = 0.08). Of the 33 patients who underwent complete hemodynamic and metabolic measurements, 16 increased cardiac lactate utilization at 15 cm H2O PEEP and 17 decreased cardiac lactate utilization at 15 cm H2O PEEP. PEEP decreased cardiac index, perhaps by reducing left but not right ventricular volumes. Volume loading during PEEP restored cardiac index and revealed no depression in myocardial performance or systolic function. With the application of PEEP, myocardial metabolism was maintained in half the patients, but ischemic metabolism was observed in the other half. AUTittley JG; Fremes SE; Weisel RD; Christakis GT; Evans PJ; Madonik MM; Ivanov J; Teasdale SJ; Mickle DA; McLaughlin PR EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p496-502 MJHemodynamics; Myocardium; Positive Pressure Respiration MNAortocoronary Bypass; Blood Pressure; Heart Ventricle /RI; Lactates /ME; Middle Age; Oxygen /ME; Postoperative Period; Stroke Volume MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003645 TIAssisted ventilation in patients with preexisting cardiopulmonary disease. The effect on systemic oxygen consumption, oxygen transport, and tissue perfusion variables. ABWe have evaluated systemic oxygen consumption (VO2), systemic oxygen transport, and tissue perfusion variables in 30 patients with preexisting cardiac and underlying pulmonary disease during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP], during intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV and PEEP), and during spontaneous ventilation (continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP]), with end-expiratory pressure held constant during all ventilatory modes. Using radionuclide angiography together with invasive determinations of pressure and flow, we also measured left and right ventricular ejection fractions and calculated the end-systolic (ESVI) and end-diastolic (EDVI) volume indices of both ventricles. We found that oxygen transport was significantly greater during CPAP (583 +/- 172 ml/min/M2)(mean +/- SD) than during either IMV and PEEP (543 +/- 151 ml/min/sq; p less than 0.01) or CPPV and PEEP (526 +/- 159 ml/min/M2; p less than 0.01); however, we found no significant change in systemic VO2 with conversion from CPPV and PEEP to CPAP. The increase in oxygen transport was related to a greater cardiac index and, more specifically, to a higher heart rate during CPAP (CPAP, 106 +/- 16 beats per minute; CPPV and PEEP, 97 +/- 14 beats per minute) (p less than 0.01). Enhanced oxygen transport during CPAP was also associated with an increase in mixed venous oxygenation and a decrease in arterial lactate. Although neither the mean left ventricular EDVI nor ESVI changed from CPPV and PEEP to CPAP, the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increased (CPPV and PEEP, 12 +/- 5 mm Hg; CPAP, 14 +/- 7 mm Hg) (p less than 0.01), suggesting the possibility of a decrease in left ventricular compliance with the spontaneous ventilatory mode. This study suggests that in the absence of ventilatory failure, spontaneous ventilation provides for better systemic oxygen transport and overall tissue perfusion than either controlled ventilation or IMV; however, this benefit of enhanced oxygen delivery with spontaneous ventilation may potentially be offset by a decrease in left ventricular compliance. AUChin WD; Cheung HW; Driedger AA; Cunningham DG; Sibbald WJ EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p503-11 MJOxygen; Positive Pressure Respiration; Respiratory Insufficiency /PP MNAged; Biological Transport; Heart Diseases /CO; Hemodynamics; Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing; Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation; Lung Diseases /CO; Lung Volume Measurements; Middle Age; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Respiratory Insufficiency /CO /ME /TH; Stroke Volume MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003646 TIVentilatory and metabolic effects of glucose infusions. ABIt has been demonstrated that total parenteral nutrition (TPN) results in increased O2 consumption (VO2), CO2 production (VCO2) and minute ventilation (VE). TPN consists of a mixture of glucose and amino acids. The individual role of each of these nutrients in mediating these changes has not been well established. To examine the effects of the individual nutrients, continuous infusions of glucose in hypo- and hypercaloric amounts were given to four normal volunteer subjects and four acutely ill patients for a six-day period, with three days on each dietary intake. After each three-day period, gas exchange, VO2, VCO2, and ventilatory variables (VE), tidal volume (VT), frequency (f), mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI), inspiratory time (TI) and expiratory time (TE) were measured. With the high carbohydrate diet, CO2 production increased 18 percent (p greater than .05) and 7 percent (p greater than .05) in the normal subjects and the patients, respectively. VO2 did not change, while the RQ rose. VE rose in parallel with VCO2, with no significant change in ventilatory sensitivity to CO2. In light of previous observations, these results suggest that during administration of TPN, the protein component plays a major role in the observed ventilatory changes: a) by bringing about a rise in VO2, which acts to magnify the effect of an increased RQ on VCO2, and b) by increasing ventilatory sensitivity to CO2. AURodriguez JL; Askanazi J; Weissman C; Hensle TW; Rosenbaum SH; Kinney JM EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p512-8 MJGlucose Solution, Hypertonic /AE; Glucose; Parenteral Hyperalimentation; Respiration MNAdult; Body Temperature Regulation /DE; Caloric Intake; Carbon Dioxide /BL /PH; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic /AD; Lung Volume Measurements; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Oxygen /BL /PH; Parenteral Hyperalimentation /AE MTHuman; Male IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003647 TIInspiratory work and airway pressure with continuous positive airway pressure delivery systems. ABTo determine work-of breathing with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivery systems, we used a lung model to simulate spontaneous breathing. ╥Additional work╙ during tidal breathing was derived by comparing change in airway pressure with change in tidal volume. Seven demand-flow CPAP delivery systems were compared with one continuous-flow, 5-L reservoir-bag system (flow of 60 L/min to maintain positive airway pressure). It was concluded that demand-flow CPAP delivery systems vary widely in the amount of additional work required of a patient. When a lung model is used, some demand-flow systems perform as well as, or better than, a continuous-flow reservoir-bag system. AUKatz JA; Kraemer RW; Gjerde GE EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p519-26 MJPositive Pressure Respiration; Respiration MNForced Expiratory Flow Rates; Lung Volume Measurements; Models, Biological MTHuman IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003648 TIReliability of the bronchoscopic protected catheter brush in intubated and ventilated patients. ABThe reliability of a bronchoscopic protected catheter brush (BPCB) in the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection was studied in 17 intubated and ventilated patients, including seven patients free from such infection (group 1) and ten patients with suspected infection (group 2). A first sample was obtained in the lower trachea by aspiration through the fiberoptic bronchoscope and a second in a distal bronchus by the BPCB procedure. In group 1, all BPCB cultures were sterile, although lower tracheal cultures yielded two or more bacterial species, showing that uncontaminated specimens can be obtained by the BPCB procedure. In three patients of group 2, BPCB cultures remained sterile as a nonbacterial pulmonary disease was certified by open lung biopsy. In seven patients from group 2, BPCB cultures yielded all of the organisms isolated simultaneously by reference methods (ie, cultures of blood or pleural fluid, serologic tests, and open lung biopsy). In two of these patients, contamination of the BPCB specimens was ascertained by the reference method bacterial results. In this study the BPCB procedure was able to obtain uncontaminated specimens in intubated and ventilated patients and was mainly accurate in identifying the bacterial etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infections. AUVillers D; Derriennic M; Raffi F; Germaud P; Baron D; Nicolas F; Courtieu AL EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p527-30 MJCatheterization /MT; Intubation, Intratracheal; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Tract Infections; Trachea MNAdult; Aged; Aspiration; Bronchoscopy /IS; Catheterization /IS; Middle Age; Respiratory Tract Infections /MI MTHuman RN0 (technetium Tc 99m pentetate); 54-11-5 (Nicotine); 630-08-0 (Carbon Monoxide); 67-43-6 (DTPA); 7440-26-8 (Technetium); 9061-29-4 (Carboxyhemoglobin) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003649 TISome short-term effects of changing to lower yield cigarettes. ABThe rate of clearance from the lung of the hydrophilic tracer molecule 99mTc DTPA was used to investigate the short-term effects on lung epithelial function when smokers switched to cigarettes with lower yields of tobacco smoke constituents. Two separate studies were performed. In the first study, subjects smoked conventional mid- and low-tar cigarettes. The second study used two specially manufactured cigarettes with similar tar and nicotine yields, but differing carbon monoxide yields. Neither study demonstrated any significant improvement in 99mTc DTPA clearance. The yields of carbon monoxide determined under standard machine smoking conditions implied that there would be a 44 percent reduction in exposure to carbon monoxide when subjects switched from smoking conventional mid-tar to low-tar cigarettes. However, measurements of carboxyhemoglobin showed that the smokers compensated for the lower yields and their exposure was reduced by only 11 percent. Similarly, in the second study, the subjects reduced their exposure by 7 percent instead of the expected 44 percent. Urine nicotine/cotinine excretion measurements in this study indicated that there was no complimentary increase in nicotine absorption suggesting the possibility that subjects may be able to regulate their intake of individual components of the cigarette smoke. Thus, the unexpected result from this study was the finding that cigarette smokers could, in some way, regulate their intake of smoke from cigarettes of different composition so as to maintain a constant exposure of smoke constituents. AUMinty BD; Royston D; Jones JG EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p531-6 MJCarbon Monoxide; Lung; Nicotine; Smoking; Tars MNAdolescence; Adult; Carboxyhemoglobin /AN; DTPA /DU; Middle Age; Technetium /DU MTHuman; Male RN41078-02-8 (enprofylline); 58-55-9 (Theophylline) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003650 TICardiac arrhythmias in patients with mild-to-moderate obstructive lung disease. Comparison of beta-agonist therapy alone and in combination with a xanthine derivative, enprofylline or theophylline. ABLong-term ambulatory Holter-monitoring was used to evaluate the arrhythmogenic effects of beta 2-agonist therapy, alone and in combination with a xanthine derivative, theophylline or enprofylline. Twenty patients (mean age 51 years) with mild-to-moderate obstructive lung disease (bronchial asthma or chronic bronchitis), but without concomitant ischemic heart disease were studied. Compared with beta 2-agonist therapy alone, both combined regimens were associated with a small but significant increase in the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias. Few serious arrhythmias were observed, however, and the clinical significance of these findings is thought to be minor. Although adenosine has been suggested to have an antiarrhythmic effect, a difference between theophylline and enprofylline in the effect on adenosine (theophylline but not enprofylline being an adenosine antagonist) would appear to be of less cardiac relevance in patients without ischemic heart disease. AUConradson TB; Eklundh G; Olofsson B; Pahlm O; Persson G EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p537-42 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Agonists /AE; Arrhythmia; Lung Diseases, Obstructive /DT; Theophylline /AE; Xanthines /AE MNAdrenergic Beta Receptor Agonists /AD; Adult; Aged; Arrhythmia /PP; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Lung Diseases, Obstructive /BL /PP; Middle Age; Random Allocation; Respiratory Function Tests; Theophylline /AD /BL; Xanthines /AD /BL MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003651 TIAbnormal septal Q waves in sickle cell disease. Prevalence and causative factors. ABElectrocardiograms and M-mode echocardiograms were obtained prospectively from 72 patients with hemoglobin SS (n = 55) or SC (n = 17) disease to assess the prevalence of abnormal Q waves in sickle cell disease and to determine if such Q waves could be explained by, or related to, echocardiographically determined anatomic or functional abnormalities. The mean age (+/- SD) of the population under study was 28 +/- 9 years, and the mean hematocrit reading was 28 +/- 5 percent; 43 male and 29 female patients were evaluated. No patient had a history of systemic arterial hypertension, valvular heart disease, or congestive heart failure. Abnormal septal Q waves (amplitude greater than or equal to 0.30 mV; duration less than or equal to 29 msec) were noted in leads V4, V5, or V6 in 15 of 72 patients, and 50 percent (36) of the population under study demonstrated electrocardiographic voltage changes consistent with left ventricular hypertrophy. M-mode echocardiography showed that 29 of 72 patients had a thickened interventricular septum (greater than or equal to 1.2 cm), 16 of 72 had an abnormally thickened left ventricular posterior wall (greater than or equal to 1.2 cm), and 31 of 72 had increased left ventricular mass (greater than 215 g). The prevalence of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities was not significantly different between patients with hemoglobin SS and SC disease. Septal excursion was decreased in 11 of the patients, and global left ventricular function (percent fractional shortening) was slightly decreased in three patients. Regional wall motion was normal in all 72 patients. Six percent (four) of the patients met echocardiographic criteria for asymmetric septal hypertrophy. Linear regression analysis yielded significant positive correlations between septal dimension (r = 0.38; p less than 0.001) and left ventricular mass (r = 0.37; p less than 0.005) when each was compared with Q-wave amplitude. A significant negative correlation (r = 0.40; p less than 0.001) was noted between hematocrit reading and Q-wave amplitude. We conclude that abnormal septal Q waves are common in sickle cell disease and are related, in part, to septal thickness, as well as left ventricular mass and degree of anemia. AULippman SM; Niemann JT; Thigpen T; Ginzton LE; Laks MM EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p543-8 MJAnemia, Sickle Cell; Electrocardiography; Heart MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Echocardiography; Heart Septum /PP; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003652 TITransbronchial biopsy in the thrombocytopenic patient. ABTwenty-five flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopic procedures with transbronchial lung biopsies were performed in 24 severely thrombocytopenic immunocompromised patients (mean platelet count of 30,000/cu mm, with a range of 7,000/cu mm to 60,000/cu mm) during the diagnostic evaluation of pulmonary infiltrates. Three patients had self-limited endobronchial bleeding. A single death was attributable to massive hemorrhage after transbronchial biopsy and brushing. Specific etiologic diagnoses were established by bronchoscopy in nine cases. AUPapin TA; Lynch JP 3d; Weg JG EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p549-52 MJBiopsy; Hemorrhage; Lung; Thrombocytopenia /PA MNBronchoscopy; Immune Tolerance; Immunosuppression; Leukemia /CO; Lymphoproliferative Disorders /CO; Thrombocytopenia /ET MTHuman IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003653 TIThe relationship between functional class and cardiac performance in patients with chronic aortic insufficiency. ABWe have evaluated the relationship of New York Heart Association functional class (FC) assessment to rest and exercise hemodynamics and resting left ventricular (LV) functional data in 75 consecutive patients with isolated, chronic aortic insufficiency. Although there was a tendency for hemodynamic and angiographic variables to worsen as FC increased there was considerable overlap between patients assigned to the various groups. Statistically significant differences were seen only for resting left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and pulmonary artery wedge (PAW) pressure which were higher in FC 3/4 patients than in FC 1 or 2 patients. The results of our study suggest that FC assignment cannot be used to accurately define underlying LV performance or hemodynamics in an individual patient with chronic aortic insufficiency. However, since severe abnormalities are unlikely to be present in asymptomatic patients, routine detailed frequent investigation does not seem warranted in this group. As FC worsens, the likelihood of left ventricular dysfunction increases. Thus, the presence of symptoms is an indication for more extensive evaluation. AUKaraian CH; Greenberg BH; Rahimtoola SH EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p553-7 MJAortic Valve Insufficiency; Hemodynamics MNAdult; Aged; Aortic Valve Insufficiency /RA; Chronic Disease; Exercise Test; Heart Catheterization; Heart Ventricle /RA; Middle Age; Prognosis; Stroke Volume MTFemale; Human; Male RN525-66-6 (Propranolol); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003654 TIIncrease in PaO2 following intravenous administration of propranolol in acutely hypoxemic patients. ABTo define the effects of beta-blockade therapy on PaO2, arterial blood gas levels were determined before and after therapeutic administration of propranolol in 44 acutely ill patients. With a FIo2 of 0.33 +/- 0.08, the PaO2 increased from 89.6 +/- 3.6 to 95.3 +/- 3.8 mmHg (p less than 0.01), 10 minutes after intravenous administration of 1 to 3 mg of propranolol. Simultaneous hemodynamic measurements obtained in six patients demonstrated a dramatic decrease in venous admixture, associated with decreases in cardiac output and mixed venous Po2. Propranolol administration generally results in a moderate increase in PaO2, which is related to a significant decrease in pulmonary shunt. The clinical implications of these findings are limited by the expected decrease in tissue oxygen delivery after beta-blockade therapy. AUVincent JL; Lignian H; Gillet JB; Berre J; Contu E EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p558-62 MJAnoxemia /PP; Hemodynamics; Oxygen; Propranolol MNAnoxemia /BL; Blood Pressure /DE; Heart Rate /DE; Partial Pressure; Propranolol /TU; Pulmonary Circulation /DE; Respiration, Artificial MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003655 TIEarly neutrophil alveolitis after antigen inhalation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. ABBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was carried out before and after antigen inhalation in ten hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and five control subjects. Control subjects did not show any significant variation in BAL cells after challenge with diluted pigeon serum. In HP patients, the total number of BAL cells increased from (41.5 +/- 16.8) X 10(4) cells/ml before challenge to (84.0 +/- 28.9) X 10(4) cells/ml after challenge. Of greater interest, the values of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in patients increased from 8.3 +/- 9.7 percent before challenge to 41.2 +/- 24.35 percent, 24 hours after antigen challenge (p - 0.0001). Another BAL, carried out a week later, recovered a persistently high number of cells, (74.67 +/- 33.36) X 10(4) cells/ml. However, the percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes did not differ from the initial pre-challenge BAL. Our study demonstrates an immediate and transient neutrophil alveolitis after antigen inhalation in patients with acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis. AUFournier E; Tonnel AB; Gosset P; Wallaert B; Ameisen JC; Voisin C EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p563-6 MJAlveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic; Neutrophils; Pulmonary Alveoli MNAdolescence; Adult; Allergens /AD; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic /PP; Bird Fancier's Lung /PA /PP; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Irrigation; Leukocyte Count; Middle Age; Pigeons /BL; Respiratory Function Tests MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003656 TIComplications of right heart catheterization. A prospective autopsy study. ABThe purpose of this study was to characterize the type and prevalence of abnormalities associated with right heart catheterization. We performed detailed post-mortem examinations of 32 consecutive patients brought to autopsy with a right heart catheter in the pulmonary artery. Thrombosis (17 patients, 53 percent), hemorrhagic lesions (25 patients, 78 percent), and intimal fibrin deposition (21 patients, 66 percent) were found at sites along the entire path of the catheter. Twenty-nine patients (91 percent) had either thrombosis, hemorrhage or both. While the superior vena cava was the most common site for all lesions, seven patients had thrombosis involving the chambers and valves of the heart and four had thrombosis involving the pulmonary artery. The incidence of thrombosis was significantly higher after 36 hours of catheterization (p less than 0.05). All five patients with thromboemboli in the more proximal pulmonary arteries had catheter-related thrombosis. We conclude that there is a high prevalence of thrombotic and hemorrhagic lesions in patients dying with pulmonary catheters in place; that the risk of thrombotic complications increases with duration of catheterization; and that patients with catheter-related thrombosis are at increased risk of thromboemboli to the proximal pulmonary arteries. AUConnors AF Jr; Castele RJ; Farhat NZ; Tomashefski JF Jr EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p567-72 MJHeart Catheterization; Thrombosis; Vena Cava, Superior MNAdult; Aged; Autopsy; Heart Diseases /ET /PA; Hemorrhage /ET /PA; Middle Age; Prospective Studies; Pulmonary Embolism /ET /PA; Risk; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003657 TITransbronchial fine needle aspiration of bronchogenic cysts. ABTransbronchial fine needle aspiration (TBFNA) was used to confirm the diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst in two asymptomatic patients with mediastinal masses who declined surgical exploration. Both masses were located subcarinally but differed in computed tomographic density (7 and 59 Hounsfield units). Aspirate cytology demonstrated predominately bronchial columnar epithelial cells in mucus, without the lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes normally seen in intrabronchial secretions. The denser cyst additionally contained some alveolar macrophages with ingested surfactant. While benignity cannot be absolutely assured, it is corroborated by serial evaluation of these patients, which has revealed no interval change in symptoms or roentgenographic size for two and three years, respectively. Under selected circumstances, it appears that TBFNA can be used to extend bronchoscopic diagnosis to benign mediastinal masses if the cytologic features of such aspirates are unique. AUSchwartz DB; Beals TF; Wimbish KJ; Hammersley JR EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p573-5 MJMediastinal Cyst /PA MNBiopsy, Needle; Cytodiagnosis; Mediastinal Cyst /DI; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male RN13392-18-2 (Fenoterol); 317-34-0 (Aminophylline) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003658 TIOral sustained-release aminophylline and bronchodilator response to inhaled fenoterol in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. ABThe bronchodilator response to inhaled fenoterol (400 micrograms) was examined in the morning and in the afternoon before and during oral sustained-release aminophylline treatment in eight patients with chronic reversible airway obstruction. Bronchodilatation was evaluated by measuring serial peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) for eight hours after inhaled fenoterol and calculating the area under the time-response curves and the percentage increment from the baseline values. The patients showed an enhancement of the bronchodilatation achieved with fenoterol in the morning during aminophylline treatment. In the afternoon, instead, the effect of the fenoterol was not improved by oral aminophylline. This different effect of oral aminophylline might depend on the variable degree of potential reversibility present or diurnal variation in the bronchial response. AUCarpentiere G; Marino S; Castello F; Zarcone P; Cipolla G; Baldanza C EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p576-8 MJAminophylline /TU; Bronchodilator Agents; Fenoterol /TU; Lung Diseases, Obstructive MNAerosols; Aminophylline /AD /PD; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fenoterol /AD /PD; Lung Diseases, Obstructive /PP; Middle Age; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003659 TILymphocyte subpopulations of blood and alveolar lavage in blastomycosis. ABPatients with blastomycosis were found to have differing lymphocyte populations depending on the extent of disease manifestations and whether or not therapy had been started. Patients with recovering pulmonary blastomycosis who had been receiving antifungal treatment for at least four weeks had lymphocyte subpopulations no different from control donors. Patients with treated extrapulmonary blastomycosis had similar T helper (TH) to T suppressor (TS) ratios compared to recovering pulmonary patients and control subjects; this ratio gives a false impression because extrapulmonary blastomycosis patients had a reduced absolute number of lymphocytes with either marker. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, pulmonary blastomycosis patients who were clinically improved while receiving antifungal therapy had fewer TH cells and a greater number of lymphocytes with the TS marker than did control subjects. Patients with pulmonary blastomycosis prior to therapy had a smaller TH/S ratio than the other groups in peripheral blood primarily due to a reduction in the circulating TH fraction in both absolute numbers of cells and in the percentage of total T lymphocytes. Pulmonary blastomycosis patients re-evaluated after at least four weeks of antifungal therapy had TH/S ratios that were similar to normal persons. This increase in TH lymphocytes corresponded to clinical improvement and in a temporal correlation to that described for the development of specific immunity in this illness. AUJacobs RF; Marmer DJ; Balk RA; Bradsher RW EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p579-85 MJBlastomycosis /PA; Lung Diseases, Fungal /PA; Pulmonary Alveoli; T Lymphocytes MNAdult; Antifungal Agents /TU; Blastomycosis /BL /DT; Helper Cells /PA; Irrigation; Leukocyte Count; Lung Diseases, Fungal /BL /DT; Suppressor Cells /PA; Time Factors MTHuman RN51-45-6 (Histamine) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003660 TIBronchial challenge with room temperature isocapnic hyperventilation. A comparison with histamine challenge. ABWe evaluated isocapnic hyperventilation with room temperature gas (IHV) as a test of bronchial hyperreactivity and compared it with histamine challenge (HC) in three groups of subjects: normal subjects, known mild asthmatic patients, and patients referred to the pulmonary clinic for a chief complaint of dyspnea. Physical examination at the time of evaluation was negative in all subjects. When the criterion for a positive reaction to IHV was a decrease in FEV1 of 10 percent or greater, and the criterion for a positive reaction to HC was a PD20 (concentration of inhaled histamine necessary to decrease FEV1 by at least 20 percent) of less than 10 mg/ml, the specificity of both tests was 100 percent. The sensitivity of both tests as evaluated from the known asthmatic patients was also 100 percent. Among the dyspneic patients, eight of 30 reacted to both IHV and HC, two of 30 reacted to HC alone, and eight of 30 reacted to IHV alone. It was concluded that IHV compares favorably with HC as a test of bronchial hyperreactivity, patients with clinical histories highly suggestive for asthma might not need to undergo bronchial challenge testing, and neither HC nor IHV when used alone is able to identify all of the hyperreactive patients. AUScharf SM; Heimer D; Walters M EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p586-93 MJAsthma; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Carbon Dioxide; Histamine; Respiration MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Dyspnea /DI; Forced Expiratory Volume; Middle Age; Temperature MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003661 TIReduced beta 2-adrenoceptor responsiveness in exercise-induced asthma. ABBeta-adrenoceptor responsiveness was studied both in vivo and in vitro in patients with exercise-induced asthma (EIA), asthmatic patients without EIA (NEIA), and control subjects. All subjects were age- and sex-matched and without medication at least one week prior to the tests. In vivo, beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness was evaluated by plasma concentration-effect studies for intravenously infused isoprenaline (0.02-0.1 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1). Mainly beta 2-adrenoceptor mediated responses to isoprenaline, ie, decreases in diastolic blood pressure and increases in plasma cyclic AMP, were reduced in EIA patients but not in NEIA patients. Heart rate and plasma glycerol responses to isoprenaline did not differ between the groups. In vitro, the beta 2-adrenoceptor mediated accumulation of cyclic AMP in lymphocytes stimulated by isoprenaline was attenuated (p less than 0.05) in EIA patients, whereas the beta 2-adrenoceptor responsiveness of lymphocytes from NEIA patients was normal. Thus, beta 2-adrenoceptor mediated responses were reduced both in vivo and in vitro in EIA patients, but not in NEIA patients. This finding that beta 2-adrenoceptor responsiveness was reduced only in a subgroup of asthmatic patients could explain some of the controversies in the literature concerning beta-adrenoceptor function in asthma. AUMartinsson A; Larsson K; Hjemdahl P EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p594-600 MJAsthma, Exercise-Induced; Asthma; Isoproterenol /PD; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta /PH MNAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /BL; Adolescence; Adult; Catecholamines /BL; Isoproterenol /BL; Lymphocytes /DE /ME; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta /DE MTFemale; Human; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN83-43-2 (Methylprednisolone) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003662 TIThe uncertain role of the neutrophil in increased permeability pulmonary edema. ABThe intrapulmonic accumulation of neutrophils is a relatively common finding in certain animal models of increased permeability pulmonary edema and in humans with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. The release of toxic oxygen radicals from these cells can result in acute lung injury. Whether these cells mediate the increased permeability in all models of increased permeability pulmonary edema remains controversial. This review will examine the role of the neutrophils in various models of increased permeability pulmonary edema. AUGlauser FL; Fairman RP EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p601-7 MJCell Membrane Permeability; Lung /PA; Neutrophils /PA; Pulmonary Edema /PA MNEndotoxins /PD; Lung /ME; Lymph /ME; Methylprednisolone /PD; Neutrophils /ME; Proteins /ME; Pulmonary Edema /ME; Pulmonary Embolism /ME /PA MCReview MTAnimal; Human IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003663 TIChronic airflow limitation: its relationship to work in dusty occupations. ABThe classic diseases of dusty occupations may be on the decline, but this is not the case for chronic nonmalignant lung disease characterized by airflow limitation. This group of diseases, almost certainly multifactorial in etiology, occurs in those engaged in dusty occupations as well as in those who are not. Among the environmental factors concerned, cigarette smoking is clearly one of the most important, but occupational exposures are increasingly implicated. It is also clear that not all with similar exposures are affected, pointing to the importance of host or personal factors. Evidence is now accumulating in support of what has been called the Dutch hypothesis. This explanation of the natural history of chronic airflow limitation suggests that an ╥asthmatic tendency╥ is a necessary factor whether the putative exposure is to cigarettes or to other airborne pollutants. Further research should therefore be directed towards clarifying the relationships of acute and chronic airway dysfunction in response to airborne pollutants of all types. AUBecklake MR EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p608-17 MJDust; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Occupational Diseases MNBronchitis /ET /PP; Chronic Disease; Epidemiologic Methods; Longitudinal Studies; Lung Diseases, Obstructive /PP; Occupational Diseases /PP; Pneumoconiosis /ET /PP; Pulmonary Emphysema /ET /PP; Respiratory Function Tests; Risk; Smoking MCReview MTHuman RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine); 1951-25-3 (Amiodarone); 31828-71-4 (Mexiletine); 31883-05-3 (moracizin); 37612-13-8 (encainide); 41708-72-9 (tocainide); 54063-53-5 (propafenone); 54143-55-4 (flecainide); 59729-31-6 (lorcainide) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003664 TIAntiarrhythmic drug therapy (Part 2). Benefits and hazards. AUPodrid PJ EM8601 IDHL-07776 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p618-24 MJAnti-Arrhythmia Agents /TU; Arrhythmia /DT MNAmiodarone /AE /TU; Anilides /AE /TU; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents /AE; Arrhythmia /CI; Lidocaine /AA /AE /TU; Mexiletine /AE /TU; Phenothiazines /AE /TU; Piperidines /AE /TU; Propiophenones /AE /TU MCReview MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003665 TIRapidly cavitating nodules in a young man. AUKoval JC; Tenholder MF; Derderian SS EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p625-6 MJAbscess; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pulmonary Embolism /RA MNAdolescence; Bacteroides Infections /CO; Peptostreptococcus; Pulmonary Embolism /ET; Septicemia /CO MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003666 TIKeeping abreast of clubbing. AUGoldstein GD; Dunn M EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p627-8 MJOsteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic MNAdenocarcinoma /CO /RA; Diagnosis, Differential; Lung Neoplasms /CO /RA; Middle Age; Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic /ET MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003667 TIIs the stepped-care approach to the management of hypertension still appropriate? AUMoser M EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p629 MJHypertension MNAntihypertensive Agents /AD /TU; Drug Therapy, Combination MTHuman RN1951-25-3 (Amiodarone) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003668 TIAmiodarone pulmonary toxicity. Assessment by bronchoalveolar lavage. ABBronchoalveolar lavage was used to demonstrate morphologic changes in alveolar macrophages characteristic of amiodarone effect in lung tissue obtained by biopsy. This procedure may be useful in the assessment of abnormal chest x-ray findings in patients suspected to have amiodarone toxicity. AUMartin WJ 2d; Osborn MJ; Douglas WW EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p630-1 MJAmiodarone; Benzofurans; Lung MNAmiodarone /TU; Biopsy; Irrigation; Lung /PA; Middle Age; Pulmonary Alveoli /DE /PA MTCase Report; Human; Male RN0 (technetium Tc 99m pentetate); 67-43-6 (DTPA); 7440-26-8 (Technetium) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003669 TIPneumocystis pneumonia increases the clearance rate of inhaled 99mTc DTPA from lung to blood. ABDespite no radiographic change, a patient with Pneumocystis pneumonia showed increased clearance of inhaled 99mTc DTPA from lung to blood. Gas transfer for carbon monoxide was also reduced, but improved with treatment. This was paralleled by serial increase in the t1/2 LB. AUJones DK; Higenbottam TW EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p631-2 MJDTPA; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carinii /RI; Technetium MNAdult; Half-Life; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carinii /ME MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003670 TIAn unusual echocardiographic finding in a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. ABA patient with a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSVA) demonstrated an unusual two-dimensional echocardiographic manifestation of this entity. A discrete mass of echoes, appearing attached to a posterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve, moved to and fro into the right ventricle during diastole and into the right atrium in systole. This echocardiographic appearance mimics a vegetation of the tricuspid valve, a flail tricuspid leaflet, a right atrial myxoma or a pedunculated right atrial thrombus. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of this echocardiographic finding should include RSVA in addition to the above mentioned disorders. AUCoralli RJ; Olmsted WL; Felner JM EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p633-5 MJAortic Rupture; Echocardiography; Sinus of Valsalva MNAdult; Sinus of Valsalva /RA MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003671 TIEndoscopic treatment of a whistling middle-lobe bronchus. ABA 32-year old man presented with dyspnea and a loud inspiratory wheeze. Examination revealed a nonfibrous, fissure-shaped entrance to the middle-lobe bronchus. The cause of this stenosis was unclear. Endoscopic treatment consisted of splitting the spur and resulted in complete disappearance of the wheeze. AUHirschler-Schulte CJ; Postmus PE; van Overbeek JJ EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p635-6 MJBronchial Diseases /SU; Respiratory Sounds MNAdult; Bronchial Diseases /CO /PA; Bronchoscopy; Constriction, Pathologic /CO /SU MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003672 TILeft innominate vein stenosis as a late complication of central vein catheterization. ABA patient was seen for acute exercise-induced left superior limb swelling. Phlebography disclosed left innominate vein stenosis and the lack of subclavian vein thrombosis. Ten months earlier, the patient underwent repeated and prolonged central vein catheterization procedures. No other cause of central vein stenosis was evidenced. Emphasis is placed on the symptomatic presenting event, the very late discovery, and the site of stenosis. AUFourestie V; Godeau B; Lejonc JL; Schaeffer A EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p636-8 MJCatheterization; Innominate Vein MNConstriction, Pathologic /ET /RA; Innominate Vein /RA; Middle Age; Time Factors MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003673 TIUpper airway obstruction secondary to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma. ABA 45-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug use presented with acute respiratory distress. A pulsus paradoxus of 42 mm Hg, accessory respiratory muscle use and stridor were present. Examination of the oropharynx revealed multiple 1 to 2 cm purple lesions of the gingiva and hard palate. A purple tumor mass in the posterior pharynx obstructed the view of the larynx. An emergency tracheostomy was performed resulting in hemorrhage into the respiratory tract. Autopsy revealed disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma and large blood clots in the trachea and main stem bronchus. This case illustrates the occurrence of life threatening involvement of the upper aerodigestive tract with Kaposi's sarcoma and hemorrhagic complications resulting from surgical manipulation. AUGreenberg JE; Fischl MA; Berger JR EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p638-40 MJAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Airway Obstruction; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Sarcoma, Kaposi's MNAirway Obstruction /SU; Middle Age; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms /PA; Postoperative Complications; Sarcoma, Kaposi's /PA; Tracheotomy MTCase Report; Human; Male RN65277-42-1 (Ketoconazole) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003674 TIFailure of ketoconazole in an immunosuppressed patient with pulmonary blastomycosis. ABA renal transplant recipient presented with pulmonary blastomycosis. Because of recent data suggesting a role for ketoconazole in the treatment of blastomycosis and concern for preserving her functioning renal transplant, she was started on therapy with ketoconazole, 400 mg daily. After four months of continuous therapy, she developed skin and laryngeal involvement requiring emergency tracheostomy; subsequent therapy with amphotericin B resulted in resolution of her disease. This is an example of life-threatening progression of blastomycosis in an immunosuppressed patient during ketoconazole therapy. AUGreene NB; Baughman RP; Kim CK; Roselle GA EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p640-1 MJBlastomycosis; Immunosuppression; Ketoconazole /TU; Kidney; Lung Diseases, Fungal MNAdult; Blastomycosis /ET /RA; Ketoconazole /AE; Lung Diseases, Fungal /ET /RA MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003675 TIRisks and benefits of peritoneal dialysis [letter] AUOreopoulos DG; Rebuck AS EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p642-3 MJPeritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory MNRespiratory Function Tests; Risk MTHuman IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003676 TIPulmonary edema and upper airway obstruction [letter] AUMasa-Jimenez JF; Verea-Hernando HR; Dominguez-Juncal L; Fontan-Bueso JM EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p643 MJAirway Obstruction; Pulmonary Edema MTHuman RN395-28-8 (Isoxsuprine) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003677 TIIsoxsuprine and pulmonary edema [letter] AUFallen EL; Rambihar V EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p643-4 MJIsoxsuprine; Pulmonary Edema MNCardiac Output /DE; Isoxsuprine /TU; Labor, Premature /PC; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular /CI; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003678 TIVentricular tachycardia-like complexes in acute myocardial infarction [letter] AUMadias JE EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4) p644 MJElectrocardiography; Myocardial Infarction /PP; Tachycardia MNHeart Ventricle /PP; Myocardial Infarction /CO; Tachycardia /ET MTHuman IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003679 TIPulmonary vascular smooth muscle and its interaction with endothelium. Morphologic considerations. ABIn pulmonary arteries the medial smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, though separated by an internal elastic lamina, come into contact by way of fenestrations in this lamina. Such a continuous elastic lamina is absent in pulmonary veins facilitating this contact. If vasoconstriction is induced in experimental animals, herniations of medial smooth muscle cells protruding toward endothelial cells provide an extensive and close association and thus a potential interaction between both cell types. This is particularly prominent in the veins. In arteries these herniations, which must penetrate the fenestrations in the elastic lamina, are far less conspicuous. Intimal fibrosis, for instance, as an age change, is not necessarily an impediment for such interaction, since the cells within the intimal layer have all the characteristics of smooth muscle cells and thus may provide a smooth muscle-endothelium contact. AUWagenvoort CA; Dingemans KP EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p200S-202S MJMuscle, Smooth, Vascular MNEndothelium /AH; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /CY; Pulmonary Artery /AH; Pulmonary Veins /AH MTHuman IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003680 TIRelevance of endothelial surface structure to the activity of vasoactive substances. ABIncreasingly it appears that expressions of vascular reactivity depend to a significant degree on reactions that occur on or near the endothelial surface. While the full scope of such reactions is not yet clear, some are now understood in terms of ultrastructural specializations of endothelium. AURyan US; Ryan JW EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p203S-207S MJLung MNEndothelium; Lung Diseases /ME; Lung /PH /UL; Surface Properties MTHuman RN37221-79-7 (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003681 TIPeptides, endothelium, and pulmonary vascular reactivity. ABThe lung contains a number of active peptides that can influence endothelial and smooth muscle function. At least two of these peptides are metabolized by endothelium, and endothelium is required for the vasodilator action of several peptides. A vasodilator peptide, VIP, may be the transmitter of the nonadrenergic, noncholinergic system, the major component of neurogenic relaxation of pulmonary vessels. AUSaid SI EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p207S-209S MJLung MNEndothelium /ME; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /ME; Peptides /ME; Pulmonary Artery /ME; Pulmonary Veins /ME; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide /ME MTHuman RNEC 1.14.99.1 (Prostaglandin Synthase); 7665-99-8 (Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 9008-44-0 (muscle relaxing factor) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003682 TIInteractions of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells of arteries. ABRelaxation of selected isolated arteries by acetylcholine, bradykinin, and certain other vasodilators is mediated by a factor released from endothelial cells. Relaxation by the factor (chemical identity still unknown) is accompanied by an increase of cyclic GMP. The finding that hemoglobin inhibits both endothelium-dependent relaxation and the increase in cyclic GMP may have pathophysiologic relevance. AUFurchgott RF; Martin W EM8601 IDHL21860 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p210S-213S MJArteries; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular MNAorta /ME; Endothelium /ME; Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate /ME; Hemoglobins /ME; Muscle Proteins /ME; Prostaglandin Synthase /AI; Pulmonary Artery /ME; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 86-88-4 (alpha-naphthyl thiourea) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003683 TIEffects of endothelial cell injury on pulmonary vascular reactivity. ABUsing the thiocarbamide model of acute lung injury in rats, we found that alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU) caused lung endothelial cell injury, as evidenced by increased permeability edema and decreased angiotensin I conversion. These effects were associated with enhanced pulmonary vascular reactivity. Recurrent ANTU lung injury caused pulmonary hypertension. The water-soluble thiocarbamide thiourea caused cultured vascular endothelial cells to release neutrophil chemoattractant activity. We speculate that endothelial cell injury may modulate the function of vascular smooth muscle and blood leukocytes. AURounds S; Farber HW; Hill NS; O'Brien RF EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p213S-216S MJLung Diseases /PP; Lung MNAngiotensin II /PH; Endothelium; Hypertension, Pulmonary /PP; Lung Diseases /CI; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /PP; Neutrophils /PH; Pulmonary Edema /PP; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Thiourea /AA MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 54397-85-2 (Thromboxane B2); 57576-52-0 (Thromboxane A2) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003684 TIEndothelial function in clinical pulmonary hypertension. ABThe endothelium regulates the concentrations of several types of vasoactive substances that affect pulmonary vascular tone, and endothelia can oppose vasoconstriction in some circumstances by releasing vasodilators. To assess some of these endothelial functions in patients with pulmonary hypertension, we made measurements of selected vasoactive substances before and during attempts at pharmacologic vasodilatation. Studies were performed in 16 patients (1 1/2 to 23 years of age) with either idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (n = 11) or pulmonary hypertension as a consequence of unexpected early pulmonary vascular disease accompanying congenital heart defects (n = 5). In six of ten children, norepinephrine levels were elevated, and in two of the six, the concentrations of norepinephrine were greater in the aorta than in the pulmonary artery. In four out of 16 patients, thromboxane levels were increased, and in three of the four, the concentrations of thromboxane were greater in the aorta than in the pulmonary artery. These concentration gradients suggest pulmonary release of these vasoconstrictors. Identification of the contribution to pulmonary vasoconstriction made by changes in the endothelial metabolism of vasoactive substances may lead to a more fundamental understanding of the control of the pulmonary circulation, and hence lead to more specific modes of therapy for pulmonary hypertension. AUBarst RJ; Stalcup SA EM8601 IDHL 01311; HL 14218 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p216S-220S MJHypertension, Pulmonary MNAdolescence; Adult; Blood Pressure; Child, Preschool; Child; Endothelium /ME; Hypertension, Pulmonary /PP; Infant; Norepinephrine /ME; Prostaglandins X /ME; Thromboxane A2 /ME; Thromboxane B2 /ME; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003685 TICalcium kinetics in vascular smooth muscle. ABThe accumulation, binding, and mobilization of Ca++ in vascular smooth muscle directly affects intracellular free Ca++ levels and contractility. Techniques have been developed to delineate Ca++ uptake and efflux parameters in isolated vessels. Similar Ca++-related components are present in different types of vessels, but their relative importance for induction and maintenance of tension differ. AUWeiss GB EM8601 IDHL-14775; HL-27145; HL-31152 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p220S-223S MJCalcium; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular MNLung /BS; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003686 TISmooth muscle contractility. Effects of hypoxia. ABMechanical perturbation of smooth muscle provides information about the mechanical properties of its crossbridges. We have developed a method for identifying: (1) that normally cycling and very slowly cycling are sequentially activated, (2) the moment of this transition, and (3) the proportions of the two types of bridges recruited. Hypoxia decreases muscle shortening ability before isometric force. The former is due to depression of activity of both types of bridges. AUStephens NL; Morgan G; Packer CS; Kong SK EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p223S-229S MJAnoxia /PP; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /PP MNAnoxia /ME; Guinea Pigs; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /DE /ME; Phosphorylation; Superoxide Dismutase /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003687 TIEffect of oxygen concentration on cellular metabolism. ABExperimental evidence is presented that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is dependent on oxygen concentration in its physiologic range both in vivo and in vitro. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is considered to act as a tissue oxygen sensor important for controlling local vascular resistance. AUWilson DF; Erecinska M EM8601 IDGM-21524 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p229S-232S MJEnergy Metabolism; Oxygen MNAdenosine Diphosphate /ME; Adenosine Triphosphate /ME; Mitochondria /ME; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Rodentia; Vascular Resistance MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003688 TIA membrane electrical mechanism for hypoxic vasoconstriction of small pulmonary arteries from cat. ABUsing specially fabricated muscle myographs, we examined electrical and mechanical responses to reduction of PO2 in small (less than 300 micron) pulmonary arteries excised from cat lungs. Upon lowering PO2 from 400 to 50 mm Hg, these preparations consistently developed contractile responses concomitant with membrane depolarization and action potential generation. The largest changes in electromechanical responses to reduction of PO2 occurred between 150 and 50 mm Hg. These data strongly suggest that hypoxic activation of small pulmonary arteries is mediated by direct effects of reduced PO2 on muscle cell membrane ionic conductance systems. AUHarder DR; Madden JA; Dawson C EM8601 IDHL-31871 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p233S-235S MJAnoxia; Pulmonary Artery; Vasoconstriction MNCarbon Dioxide /PH; Cats; Cell Membrane; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /PP MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003689 TIThe site and mechanism of oxygen sensing for the pulmonary vessels. ABLung vessels are unique in the body in that they react to hypoxia with constriction rather than dilatation. Whether this characteristic is inherent in the lung vessel or is due to an influence from a sensor in the surrounding lung parenchyma is not resolved. Recent data, however, showing that vascular hypoxia as well as airway hypoxia can produce pulmonary vasoconstriction and that the sensor for alveolar hypoxia is upstream in the precapillary vessels, allows but does not prove the precapillary pulmonary artery itself to be the O2 sensor. In addition, with the elimination of the mast cell as a necessary extravascular sensor for hypoxia at least in the mouse, there is no good candidate for an extravascular sensor for hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. AUHales CA EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p235S-240S MJOxygen; Pulmonary Artery; Respiration MNAnoxia /PP; Vasoconstriction MTAnimal; Human IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003690 TISite of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. AUStaub NC EM8601 IDHL25548 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p240S-245S MJAnoxia; Lung Diseases; Vasoconstriction MNAnoxia /PP; Lung Diseases /PP; Lung /BS MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.13.11.12 (Lipoxygenases); 7771-44-0 (arachidonic acid) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003691 TIPotential role of arachidonic acid metabolites in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. ABHypoxic vasoconstriction is important for lung ventilation/perfusion matching. The mechanism of hypoxic vasoconstriction remains elusive. Arachidonic acid is released from hypoxic tissues; possibly vasoconstricting arachidonate metabolites are involved in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Data are presented that consider (a) lipoxygenase product(s) as ╥local,╙ which could be involved in the hypoxia induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. AUVoelkel NF; Morganroth M; Feddersen OC EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p245S-248S MJAnoxia; Arachidonic Acids; Lung Diseases; Vasoconstriction MNLipoxygenases /ME; Lung /BS MTAnimal IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003694 TIPulmonary gas exchange and exercise performance in pulmonary hypertension. ABPatients with pulmonary hypertension have disordered pulmonary gas exchange and impaired exercise tolerance. The hypoxemia is due to mild ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) inequality exaggerated by the presence of a low mixed venous PO2 (PvO2) and is accentuated during exercise due to a further fall in PvO2. This in turn may be worsened by vasodilators which increase the degree of VA/Q inequality. Decreased exercise tolerance is due predominantly to cardiac limitation, and thus an improvement in cardiac function subsequent to successful vasodilation can be assessed by improved exercise performance. AUDantzker DR; D'Alonzo GE EM8601 ID5 RO1 HL31929-02 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p255S-257S MJExertion; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Pulmonary Gas Exchange MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 42399-41-7 (Diltiazem); 52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003695 TICalcium channel blockers in primary pulmonary hypertension. ABThe demonstration that the calcium channel blockers reduce pulmonary vasomotor tone in experimental models of pulmonary hypertension has served as the rationale for their use in the management of primary pulmonary hypertension. The three currently available agents, verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem, have varying degrees of pulmonary vasoactivity. Experience with their use is reviewed. AURubin LJ EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p257S-260S MJCalcium Channel Blockers; Hypertension, Pulmonary MNDiltiazem /TU; Nifedipine /TU; Verapamil /TU MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003696 TIUse of calcium channel blockers in hypoxic lung disease. ABCOPD patients who are hypoxic develop pulmonary hypertension primarily because alveolar hypoxia induces muscular hypertrophy of pulmonary arteries. This muscular hypertrophy will regress in animals if they receive continuous oxygen therapy. Since many COPD patients refuse to use oxygen continuously, calcium channel blockers, which inhibit hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, may be effective adjuvant therapy. Nifedipine lowers pulmonary vascular resistance during rest and exercise in hypoxic COPD patients. AUMichael JR; Selinger S; Parham W; Buescher P; Wong D; Kennedy TP EM8601 IDRR35 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p260S-263S MJAnoxia; Calcium Channel Blockers; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Lung Diseases MNNifedipine /TU; Oxygen /TU MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 86-54-4 (Hydralazine) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003697 TIThe role of vasodilators in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. Interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension. ABThe use of systemic vasodilator drugs in reducing pulmonary artery pressures in patients with pulmonary hypertension is controversial. The effect of hydralazine in four patients with pulmonary hypertension resulting from interstitial lung disease (group 1) and nifedipine in four patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to progressive systemic sclerosis (group 2) was investigated. Hydralazine blunted exercise induced elevations in pulmonary arterial pressures in individual group 1 patients; nifedipine failed to effect significant salutory hemodynamic changes in any group 2 patients. AUOhar J; Polatty C; Robichaud A; Fowler A; Vetrovec G; Glauser F EM8601 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p263S-265S MJHydralazine; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Nifedipine; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Scleroderma, Systemic MNLung Diseases /DT; Sarcoidosis /DT MTHuman IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003698 TIDoes pulmonary vasoconstriction play an important role in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension? A skeptic's view of vasodilator therapy. ABDespite isolated reports of dramatic hemodynamic and clinical improvement over the past 30 years, most patients with primary pulmonary hypertension fail to benefit from treatment with vasodilator drugs and many develop serious adverse reactions. The failure of this approach strongly suggests that pulmonary vasoconstriction does not play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. AUPacker M EM8601 IDK04-HL-01229 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p265S-268S MJHypertension, Pulmonary; Vasodilator Agents MNHypertension, Pulmonary /ET MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.14.99.1 (Prostaglandin Synthase); 53-86-1 (Indomethacin) IS0012-3692 LAEnglish JCD1C SBA; M; X UI86003699 TIVasoconstriction and remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. ABIn one group of sheep, Escherichia coli endotoxin was given intravenously three times per week for ten weeks, and in another group the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin was given subcutaneously two times per day for three weeks. Both groups developed the structural and functional changes of modest but sustained pulmonary hypertension and showed granulocyte sequestration in the peripheral lung. Indomethacin enhanced pulmonary vasoreactivity, but endotoxin depressed reactivity transiently. Prolonged inflammation of the lung may be associated with alterations in vasoreactivity and the development of chronic pulmonary hypertension. AUMeyrick B; Brigham KL EM8601 IDHL 19153 SOChest (United States), Oct 1985, 88(4 Suppl) p268S-270S MJHypertension, Pulmonary /PP; Vasoconstriction MNEndotoxins; Escherichia Coli; Hypertension, Pulmonary /CI; Indomethacin; Prostaglandin Synthase /PH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-398X LAEnglish JCD2B UI86003700 TIEpidemiology of child psychiatric disorder: methodological issues and some substantive findings. AURutter M; Sandberg S EM8601 SOChild Psychiatry Hum Dev (United States), Summer 1985, 15(4) p209-33 MJMental Disorders /ET MNAdolescence; Anorexia Nervosa /DI; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity /CO; Autism, Infantile /DI; Child Behavior Disorders /PX; Child, Preschool; Child; Epidemiologic Methods; Great Britain; Hospitalization; Mental Disorders /DI /OC; Organic Mental Disorders /CO; Parents /PX; Prognosis; Questionnaires; Research Design /ST; Risk; Temperament MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-398X LAEnglish JCD2B UI86003701 TIDysphoric mood in young children referred to a child development unit. AUKashani JH; Carlson GA; Horwitz E; Reid JC EM8601 SOChild Psychiatry Hum Dev (United States), Summer 1985, 15(4) p234-42 MJDepression /PX MNAggression /PX; Child, Preschool; Child; Depression /FG; Family; Intelligence; Mental Disorders /FG; Substance Abuse /FG MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-398X LAEnglish JCD2B UI86003702 TIMentally retarded teenagers: adolescent behavior disturbance and its relation to family environment. AUZetlin AG EM8601 IDHD 11944 SOChild Psychiatry Hum Dev (United States), Summer 1985, 15(4) p243-54 MJChild Behavior Disorders; Family; Mental Retardation MNAdolescence; Adult; Dependency (Psychology); Retrospective Studies; Social Support MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-398X LAEnglish JCD2B UI86003703 TINormal and bright children of mentally retarded parents: the Huck Finn syndrome. AUO'Neill AM EM8601 SOChild Psychiatry Hum Dev (United States), Summer 1985, 15(4) p255-68 MJMental Retardation /PX; Parents MNAdaptation, Psychological; Adolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Mental Retardation /FG; Role; Social Support MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0009-398X LAEnglish JCD2B UI86003704 TISocio-psychosomatic dysfunctions: a case study. AUGehring TM EM8601 SOChild Psychiatry Hum Dev (United States), Summer 1985, 15(4) p269-80 MJFamily Therapy; Models, Psychological; Psychophysiologic Disorders MNAbsenteeism; Child; Problem Solving MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0009-4021 LAEnglish JCD2U SBM UI86003705 TIA psychological profile of juvenile firesetters in residential treatment. ABPsychological test data of 30 known juvenile and adolescent firesetters were compared with those of a matched control group, within a residential treatment center, to distinguish the identifying characteristics of each group. Hypotheses based on 80 variables found in the literature on firesetting were treated by using a standard test equivalent for each variable. Of the hypotheses, 14 were found to differentiate significantly the two groups, but not all in the predicted direction. Four characteristics were found to be sufficient to discriminate between the groups with greater efficiency than any other combination of variables. A predictor equation is set forth. AUSakheim GA; Vigdor MG; Gordon M; Helprin LM EM8601 SOChild Welfare (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 64(5) p453-76 MJFiresetting Behavior; Impulse Control Disorders; Residential Treatment MNAdolescence; Affective Symptoms /PX; Art; Child; Firesetting Behavior /TH; Parent-Child Relations; Psychological Tests; Risk; Social Environment MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-4021 LAEnglish JCD2U SBM UI86003706 TIReducing child abuse through respite center intervention. ABEmergency respite care for children is shown to be effective in reducing stress on parents that can result in child abuse. AUSubramanian K EM8601 SOChild Welfare (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 64(5) p501-9 MJChild Abuse; Respite Care MNChild; Crisis Intervention; Family; Social Environment; Stress, Psychological /CO MTHuman IS0009-4021 LAEnglish JCD2U SBM UI86003707 TIBehavioral treatment of failure-to-thrive in a two-year-old. ABBehavioral intervention was undertaken with a 2-year-old suffering from severe failure-to-thrive because it appeared that damaging feeding behaviors could be controlled. Altering the social patterns at mealtimes brought about gains in calorie intake and weight that continued through a 7-month follow-up period. AUKoepke JM; Thyer BA EM8601 SOChild Welfare (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 64(5) p511-6 MJBehavior Therapy; Failure to Thrive /TH MNBody Weight; Caloric Intake; Child, Preschool; Failure to Thrive /PX; Follow-Up Studies; Infant; Vomiting /TH MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0009-4021 LAEnglish JCD2U SBM UI86003708 TIFamily-based, in-home services for the severely emotionally disturbed child. ABFBS was not conceived as a substitute for a residential treatment program. It was instead established to provide a greater array of services in the center's continuum of care and another treatment alternative. Although children were accepted into the FBS program when residential treatment was indicated, it was not because the program was considered an equal to residential treatment. Rather, we felt the child and family could receive greater benefits from an in-home approach [Willner et al. 1972]. The results of intensive family-based services speak for themselves in terms of cost-effectiveness, placement prevention, and family reunification [Bryce and Lloyd 1980a]. It has been the center's experience that the most vulnerable children are those who have been removed for extended periods of time to an institutional setting. Results of table 1 indicate that 68% of the children receiving FBS aftercare remained in their homes, while children who were served before any placement remained in their homes 97% of the time. In spite of major behavioral changes experienced by the child and family during the residential course of treatment, the staff reports the following obstacles to successful reunification: Child ╥identified╙ as the problem is often expected to return home as a different human being without needs or problems. Temporary expulsion of the identified child often immediately relieves family stress, yet begins a process of homeostatic adjustment whereby the system closes, excluding the child.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUHeying KR EM8601 SOChild Welfare (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 64(5) p519-27 MJAffective Symptoms; Family Therapy; Home Care Services MNAfter Care; Child; Referral and Consultation; Residential Treatment; Social Environment MTHuman IS0009-3920 LAEnglish JCD28 SBM UI86003709 TIA new multidimensional measure of children's perceptions of control. ABPerceived control plays a central role in many motivational and cognitive accounts of behavior. In this study, a new 48-item self-report instrument, the Multidimensional Measure of Children's Perceptions of Control, is described. Perceptions of control are defined as children's understanding of the locus of the sufficient cause for success and failure outcomes. 3 dimensions of third- through ninth-grade children's perceptions of control are independently assessed: internal, powerful others, and unknown. Each of these sources of control is assessed within 3 behavioral domains: cognitive, social, and physical. General items are also included. Perceptions of control over success outcomes and failure outcomes are assessed separately. The psychometric properties of the new measure's subscales are presented. Correlations of the new measure with measures of perceived and actual competence and findings demonstrating the sensitivity of the new measure to developmental, gender, and environmental influences are reported. It is argued that the new measure is an advance over existing measures of internal versus external locus of control in children because it provides domain-specific assessments of 3 separate dimensions of locus of control, including the previously untapped dimension of unknown control. AUConnell JP EM8601 IDHD-09613 SOChild Dev (United States), Aug 1985, 56(4) p1018-41 MJChild Development; Internal-External Control MNAchievement; Adolescence; Child; Psychological Tests MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-3920 LAEnglish JCD28 SBM UI86003710 TITransported to Van Diemen's Land: the boys of the Frances Charlotte (1832) and Lord Goderich (1841). ABFrom the logs of ships transporting convicts from Great Britain to Australia in the early nineteenth century, records of 2 ships carrying juveniles have been transcribed. Data on the backgrounds of the boys and height data are presented and analyzed. Comparisons are made with nineteenth- and twentieth-century data sets. Caution is expressed about limitations of the data, which constitute a sample stratified by age whose differences in means are sometimes anomalous. AUJordan TE EM8601 SOChild Dev (United States), Aug 1985, 56(4) p1092-9 MJJuvenile Delinquency; Prisoners MNAdolescence; Australia; Child; Great Britain /EH; History of Medicine, 19th Cent. MCHistorical Article MTHuman; Male IS0009-3920 LAEnglish JCD28 SBM UI86003711 TIRepeated-measures analysis of variance in developmental research: selected issues. ABThis paper presents a review of recent developments in statistical techniques for repeated-measures analysis of variance. Since the literature has emphasized the issue of mixed model assumptions and their violation, we present an updated perspective on the nature of these assumptions and their implications for mixed model, adjusted mixed model, or multivariate significance tests. However, the central theme of the review is that the validity of mixed model assumptions is but one consideration in selection of an appropriate method of repeated-measures ANOVA. In particular, we recommend the avoidance of omnibus significance tests in favor of specific planned comparisons whenever hypotheses more specific than the omnibus null hypothesis may be formulated a priori. The analyst must also consider whether multiple dependent measures are to be analyzed, and the paper discusses alternative approaches to true multivariate repeated-measures designs. It also includes discussion of other relevant issues, including a brief review of the strengths and weaknesses of commonly available statistical software when applied to the analysis of repeated-measures data. AUHertzog C; Rovine M EM8601 IDR01 MH/HD 39741; R01 AG04611; R01 HD15496 SOChild Dev (United States), Aug 1985, 56(4) p787-809 MJChild Development MNAnalysis of Variance; Birth Order; Child Behavior; Father-Child Relations; Infant; Research MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-3920 LAEnglish JCD28 SBM UI86003712 TIOptimality versus complications: assessing predictive values of perinatal scales. ABIn this study, 2 optimality scales and 3 complication scales were used to obtain perinatal risk scores for 103 infants. The scores generated by the 5 scales were compared for accuracy in predicting a variety of traditional and frequently used neonatal and infant outcome measures. The results were interpreted as showing an advantage in favor of the 3 complication scales in the number and variety of outcome measures that could be predicted from the scale scores. AUMolfese VJ; Thomson B EM8601 SOChild Dev (United States), Aug 1985, 56(4) p810-23 MJChild Development; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Labor Complications; Neuropsychological Tests; Pregnancy Complications MNAbnormalities /PX; Adolescence; Adult; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Follow-Up Studies; Gestational Age; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Pregnancy; Resuscitation; Risk MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) IS0009-3920 LAEnglish JCD28 SBM UI86003713 TICoping with aversive stimulation in the neonatal period: quiet sleep and plasma cortisol levels during recovery from circumcision. ABMeasures of behavioral state and plasma cortisol were obtained on 80 healthy, full-term, 2-3-day-old, male newborns who were scheduled to be circumcised. To establish baseline or precircumcision levels, the newborns were observed, and behavioral state was recorded for the half hour prior to circumcision. Blood was sampled via heelstick for plasma cortisol determination at the end of this observation period. The newborns were then circumcised and assigned randomly to one of 4 postcircumcision, blood-sampling time-point groups. The time points were 30, 90, 120, and 240 min following the beginning of circumcision. Behavioral state was observed during circumcision and for the half hour prior to taking the second blood sample. The results showed a return to baseline cortisol levels sometime prior to 240 min, with data from an additional group of 10 newborns indicating that the return occurred by 150 min. Behavioral distress during circumcision was associated with elevations in plasma cortisol at 30 and 90 min. Quiet sleep was correlated negatively with plasma cortisol prior to circumcision, and significant increases in quiet sleep followed circumcision, with the greatest increase corresponding to the period of most rapid reductions in cortisol. AUGunnar MR; Malone S; Vance G; Fisch RO EM8601 IDHD-16494 SOChild Dev (United States), Aug 1985, 56(4) p824-34 MJAdaptation, Psychological; Arousal; Circumcision; Hydrocortisone; Sleep Stages MNChild Behavior; Infant, Newborn MTHuman; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-3920 LAEnglish JCD28 SBM UI86003714 TIUse of the Bayley Scales to characterize abilities of premature infants. ABThe Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered to 92 white, middle-class infants, half of them premature and half full-term, at 1 year of age from term to determine whether this instrument is useful in characterizing the abilities of premature infants. Although both full-term and premature infants achieved mental and motor development scores within the average range, full-term infants attained significantly higher scores on both the Mental and Motor Scales. Both groups scored significantly lower on motor than mental functioning; however, the difference was significantly greater for premature infants. As a group, premature infants also evidenced greater variability in their performance on both the Mental and Motor Scales, and they showed greater intra-individual variability in performance of motor ability. Furthermore, premature infants were less likely to succeed on items testing eye-hand coordination, imitation, and vocalization. Preselected perinatal risk variables accounted for a significant amount of variance in both mental and motor ability of premature infants. AURoss G EM8601 SOChild Dev (United States), Aug 1985, 56(4) p835-42 MJChild Development; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Neuropsychological Tests; Organic Mental Disorders MNBirth Weight; Brain Damage, Chronic /PX; Child, Preschool; Follow-Up Studies; Gestational Age; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Language Development; Psychomotor Performance MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-3920 LAEnglish JCD28 SBM UI86003715 TIVisual recognition memory: a predictor of later cognitive functioning in preterms. ABA number of preterms who had participated in a study of visual recognition memory when they were 6 months of age were seen at older ages to assess the predictive validity of the early visual measures for cognitive outcome. The Bayley scales were administered at 6, 12, and 24 months, the Stanford-Binet at 34 and 40 months, and the WISC-R at 6 years. Novelty scores, which reflect the relative amount of time infants look at new compared to familiar stimuli, constituted the measure of infant visual processing. These scores, obtained by averaging over performance on the 3 or 4 problems administered at 6 months of age, were consistently and significantly related to cognitive measures from 24 months to 6 years, with correlations ranging from r = .53 to r = .66. Parental education, which was unrelated to novelty scores, bore a strong relationship to outcome beginning at 24 months. Although both measures contributed uniquely to the variance in cognitive outcome at 24 months and 6 years, visual novelty scores made a stronger contribution than did parental education. Neither 6- nor 12-month Bayley scores, nor various perinatal variables, were related to outcome. AURose SA; Wallace IF EM8601 IDHD 13810 SOChild Dev (United States), Aug 1985, 56(4) p843-52 MJChild Development; Cognition Disorders; Form Perception; Memory; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Recall MNChild, Preschool; Follow-Up Studies; Habituation (Psychophysiology); Infant, Newborn; Infant; Intelligence; Memory, Short-Term MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-3920 LAEnglish JCD28 SBM UI86003716 TIThe effect of intrauterine PCB exposure on visual recognition memory. ABAdverse neonatal outcomes have been associated with intrauterine exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In a follow-up study of exposed and nonexposed infants, 123 infants tested at birth were administered Fagan's test of visual recognition memory at 7 months. 2 measures of prenatal PCB exposure, cord serum PCB level and maternal report of contaminated fish consumption, both predicted less preference for a novel stimulus. Preference for novelty decreased in a dose-dependent fashion with increasing levels of prenatal PCB exposure. Postnatal exposure from nursing was not related to visual recognition memory. The relation between prenatal exposure and visual recognition was not mediated by the neonatal deficits, suggesting that intrauterine PCB exposure may have a delayed effect on central nervous system (CNS) functioning. AUJacobson SW; Fein GG; Jacobson JL; Schwartz PM; Dowler JK EM8601 SOChild Dev (United States), Aug 1985, 56(4) p853-60 MJForm Perception; Memory; Organic Mental Disorders, Substance-Induced; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Polychlorobiphenyl Compounds; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Recall MNAdolescence; Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Milk, Human /ME; Polychlorobiphenyl Compounds /ME; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0009-3920 LAEnglish JCD28 SBM UI86003717 TIInfant temperament and subject loss in a habituation procedure. ABIt has been assumed that subject loss in habituation procedures is most likely due to random factors such as the behavioral state of the infant during testing. This study explored the possibility that infant temperament might contribute to subject loss. 114 infants at 3 age levels (11, 18, and 28 weeks) were rated by their mothers on a temperament questionnaire and then subjected to a habituation procedure. Analyses showed that female infants who were unable to complete the habituation task were reported as being more fussy and unadaptable. Female infants were less likely to complete at least part of the procedure than were male infants. The results suggest that subject loss in habituation studies may be the result of nonrandom individual difference factors and not just the result of temporary fluctuations in state. AUWachs TD; Smitherman CH EM8601 ID5 F31 MH08718-02 SOChild Dev (United States), Aug 1985, 56(4) p861-7 MJCooperative Behavior; Habituation (Psychophysiology); Personality; Temperament MNChild Development; Individuality; Infant; Research MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-3920 LAEnglish JCD28 SBM UI86003718 TIDevelopment of the ability to use recall to guide action, as indicated by infants' performance on AB. AB25 infants were tested every 2 weeks on the AB Object Permanence Task devised by Piaget, from the age when they first reached for a hidden object until they were 12 months. The delay between hiding and retrieval necessary to produce the AB error increased continuously throughout this period at an average rate of 2 sec/month, from under 2 sec at 7 1/2 months to over 10 sec by 12 months. All children displayed the AB error repeatedly over the months of testing. Large between-children differences in delay needed for the AB error were found at each age. Girls tolerated longer delays than boys. The characteristic pattern to the AB error did not vary over age or sex. Range of delay producing the AB error in any child was small. Errors disappeared when delays were reduced by 2-3 sec, and reaching became random or severely perseverative when delays were increased 2-3 sec above the level producing AB error. AB provides an index of the ability to carry out an intention based on stored information despite a conflicting habitual tendency. AUDiamond A EM8601 IDHD-10094 SOChild Dev (United States), Aug 1985, 56(4) p868-83 MJChild Development; Child Psychology; Memory; Psychomotor Performance; Recall MNInfant; Memory, Short-Term; Retention (Psychology); Sex Factors MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-3920 LAEnglish JCD28 SBM UI86003719 TIPatterns of attachment in two- and three-year-olds in normal families and families with parental depression. ABPatterns of attachment were examined in normal and depressed mothers. Mother's diagnosis (bipolar, major unipolar, or minor depression, or no psychiatric disorder), self-reported current mood states, and affective behavior in interaction with the child were considered. A modified version of Ainsworth and Wittig's Strange Situation was used to assess attachment. Insecure (A, C, and A/C patterns) attachments were more common among children of mothers with a major depression (bipolar or unipolar) than among children of mothers with minor depression or among children of normal mothers. Insecure attachment was more frequent in children of mothers with bipolar depression than in children of mothers with unipolar depression. A/C attachments were associated with histories of most severe depression in the mother. In families in which mothers were depressed, depression in the father did not increase the likelihood of anxious attachment between mother and child. However, if mothers with a major affective disorder were without a husband in the household, risk of an insecure mother-child attachment was significantly increased. The mothers' expressed emotions (positive vs. negative) in interaction with their children in situations other than the Strange Situation, and independent of diagnosis, predicted patterns of attachment: mothers of insecurely attached children expressed more negative and less positive emotion. Mothers' self-reports of moods on the days they were observed were unrelated to attachment. Results are discussed in terms of the transmission of social and emotional disorders in relation to mothers' affective functioning. AURadke-Yarrow M; Cummings EM; Kuczynski L; Chapman M EM8601 SOChild Dev (United States), Aug 1985, 56(4) p884-93 MJBipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder; Mother-Child Relations; Object Attachment MNChild Development; Child Rearing; Child, Preschool; Social Environment MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-3920 LAEnglish JCD28 SBM UI86003720 TIHow lower- and working-class youth become middle-class adults: the association between ego defense mechanisms and upward social mobility. ABThis is a report of social mobility in 278 inner-city men studied for 4 decades and over 3 generations. 63.3% of the men and 59.8% of their children were upwardly mobile. 8 variables captured 28% of the explained variance in upward social mobility: IQ, mother's education, mother's occupation, boyhood ego strength, and four ego defense mechanisms--intellectualization, dissociation, sublimation, and anticipation. Of the 8 variables, intellectualization--the capacity to isolate ideation from the associated affect--explained the most unique variance, especially over 3 generations. Childhood relations of subjects with parents and father's IQ exerted no discernible effect on children's upward social mobility. AUSnarey JR; Vaillant GE EM8601 IDMH 16259-04 SOChild Dev (United States), Aug 1985, 56(4) p899-910 MJDefense Mechanisms; Ego; Social Class; Social Mobility MNAdolescence; Adult; Intelligence; Juvenile Delinquency /PX; Parent-Child Relations; Social Environment MTHuman; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-3920 LAEnglish JCD28 SBM UI86003721 TIThe development of error correction strategies in young children's manipulative play. ABThe focus of this study was the strategies used by young children between 18 and 42 months for correcting the errors they made as they attempted to nest a set of 5 seriated cups. In the process of combining the cups, the children committed numerous errors (such as putting a cup that was too large on a smaller cup), and they tried to correct the majority of those errors. Detailed examination of the children's correction attempts revealed that the strategies they used changed substantially with age, becoming increasingly more flexible and involving more extensive restructuring of the relations among the cups. Earlier correction attempts tended to focus on a single, nonfitting cup or on a single relation between 2 cups. Later-appearing strategies involved the coordination of relations involving several cups. The same trend toward increasing flexibility of thought and action also appeared in the procedures the children used to combine the cups. This study thus documents a finely graded series of cognitively significant changes in children's constructive activity during a period that has been poorly differentiated by cognitive developmental research. In so doing, it demonstrates the usefulness for problem-solving research of analyzing how subjects go about trying to rectify their own mistakes. AUDeLoache JS; Sugarman S; Brown AL EM8601 IDHD-05951; HD-06864; HD-00111 SOChild Dev (United States), Aug 1985, 56(4) p928-39 MJChild Development; Play and Playthings; Problem Solving MNChild, Preschool; Infant; Motivation; Psychomotor Performance; Size Perception MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-3920 LAEnglish JCD28 SBM UI86003722 TIYoung children's comprehension of montage. AB2 studies examined children's comprehension of brief stop-animation televised segments incorporating elements of cinematic montage such as pans, zooms, and cuts. Children reconstructed the action and dialogue in these segments using the same dolls and settings depicted. In Study 1, there was no effect of cinematic techniques on reconstruction performance of 3- and 5-year-olds as compared to control segments filmed without these techniques. The results challenged the assumption that the use of such techniques per se contributes to young children's poor comprehension of television shows. In Study 2, 12 new segments were produced in which comprehending the montage required inferences of character perspective, implied action sequences, spatial relationships, and simultaneity of different actions. Averaging across all segments, 62% of the 4-year-olds and 88% of the 7-year-olds demonstrated clear comprehension of the montage. Inferences concerning implied action sequences were easiest for both ages. Inferences of simultaneity were most difficult for 4-year-olds, whereas inferences of character perspective were most difficult for 7-year-olds. Preschool children are thus capable of understanding cinematic events conveyed through camera techniques and film editing, despite previous assertions to the contrary. This ability nevertheless substantially increases with age. AUSmith R; Anderson DR; Fischer C EM8601 SOChild Dev (United States), Aug 1985, 56(4) p962-71 MJChild Development; Motion Pictures; Television; Visual Perception MNChild, Preschool; Child; Concept Formation MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0253-2662 LAEnglish JCD33 SBM UI86003777 TIHumoral immune responses to metacyclic stages of Trypanosoma cruzi in experimentally infected rats and mice. ABHolzman rats and C3H/Anf mice were infected with the Tulahuen strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. Infected rats had a 16% cumulative mortality during a 49-day observation period. The parasitemias increased to a peak on the 21st day, and then decreased abruptly. In the inoculated mice, maximum numbers of parasites were detected after 15 days and an 87% cumulative mortality was observed during the infection. Three serological techniques using antigens of the metacyclic stages of T. cruzi were employed to compare the levels of humoral antibodies during the early phase of infection. These included: the direct agglutination test (DAT), the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which detected IgG (ELISA-IgG) and the ELISA which detected IgM (ELISA-IgM). Antibody titers were first found in antisera from rats after 7 days by the DAT and the ELISA-IgM and after 14 days by the IFAT and the ELISA-IgG. Peak titers were measured on day 21 by the ELISA-IgM. The DAT, the IFAT, and the ELISA-IgG titers increased through 49 days. Antisera collected from mice first reacted with T. cruzi antigens on day 10 in the DAT, the ELISA-IgG, and the ELISA-IgM, and on day 15 in the IFAT. Peak titers were recorded on day 20 with the DAT and the ELISA-IgM. The IFAT and the ELISA-IgG titers continued to rise through 30 days. Alterations in production of antibodies during infections may in part reflect responses to different parasite antigens. The variations in titers of the antisera from infected rodents indicated that metacyclic trypomastigotes share antigens with other stages of the parasite. These metacyclic stage antigens showed a potential for use as serodiagnostic reagents. AUChao D; Dusanic DG EM8601 IDAI 14642 SOChung Hua Min Kuo Wei Sheng Wu Chi Mien I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taiwan), May 1985, 18(2) p104-14 MJTrypanosomiasis, South American MNAntibodies /AN; Antibody Formation; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0253-2662 LAEnglish JCD33 SBM UI86003778 TITransformation of Erwinia chrysanthemi by Escherichia coli plasmids DNA. ABWe have demonstrated in this study that CaCl2-MnCl2 treatment is effective in the preparation of competent cells of Erwinia chrysanthemi for transformation. Plasmids pMB9 and pBR322, which are of Escherichia coli origins, were transformed into E. chrysanthemi at frequencies of 1.5 X 10(-7) and 4.5 X 10(-7) per recipient, respectively. The frequencies were 60- to 80-fold lower than those in the well established rec- E. coli; however, the procedure is practically useful in transformation experiments. The plasmids were maintained rather stable in the cells if antibiotics were included in the media. When transformed by pECl and pEC6, which were chimeric plasmids consisting of pBR322 and an E. chrysanthemi chromosomal DNA fragment of 2.4 and 3.5 Mdal, respectively, the transformation frequencies of E. chrysanthemi were at the same range of that by pBR322. Neither colony morphology nor the polypectate degradation ability was changed after transformation by the plasmids. In conclusion, we have established a system of molecular cloning in E. chrysanthemi SR120A exploiting pBR322 as a vector. AUWang J; Tseng YH EM8601 SOChung Hua Min Kuo Wei Sheng Wu Chi Mien I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taiwan), May 1985, 18(2) p115-22 MJDNA, Bacterial; Erwinia; Escherichia Coli; Plasmids; Transformation, Bacterial MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0253-2662 LAChinese JCD33 SBM UI86003779 TI[The influence of acidic conditions on polar exopolysaccharides which bind Rhizobium japonicum to soybean root hairs] ABThe influence of acidic conditions on rhizobial exopolysaccharides (EPS) and their symbiotic association in host plants, were investigated. Light micrographs of soybean root hairs were taken with a Fahraeus' slide assembly after the inocubation of rhizobial bacteria; curled and swollen root hairs, and the typical shepherd's crook with an infection thread were observed. The colonizations of soybean root hairs by rhizobia were different under acidic and neutral conditions. For the Rhizobium japonicum strain USDA 136, and the indigenous acidic soil strain KR 23, morphologically distinct types of cells occurred in the acidic and neutral yeast-extract-mannitol broths. The surface structure of R. japonicum, as examined with the carbon replica and negative stain techniques, was rod shaped and polar flagellated only when the cells were incubated under neutral conditions. The materials which reacted with the ruthenium red positive reagent are in all likelihood an acidic EPS, and are believed to effect the adhesive properties of the cells. Bacterial polarity, which could be more readily observed under neutral conditions than under acidic conditions, was related to the distribution of EPS near one end of the bacteria. EPS was found to effect the initial step of polar attachment in the effective infection of host roots. By using DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange chromatography, the capsular polysaccharides from both strains of R. japonicum were also found to have different chemical components when observed in acidic and neutral cultures. AUCheng RH; Lin LP EM8601 SOChung Hua Min Kuo Wei Sheng Wu Chi Mien I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taiwan), May 1985, 18(2) p123-34 MJPolysaccharides, Bacterial /ME; Rhizobium MNAdhesiveness; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Polysaccharides, Bacterial /AN; Soybeans /MI MCEnglish Abstract MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0253-2662 LAEnglish JCD33 SBM UI86003780 TIMicrobiological examination of foods sold via vending machines. ABA total of 153 food specimens obtained from vending machines in Taipei city were subjects for the microbiological examination. Based on the standards for total microbial counts and total coliform counts established by the Department of Public Health, Republic of China, the unsatisfactory percentage of such counts for foods sold from vending machines were: 14% for carbonated beverages, 71% for non-carbonated beverages, 73% for ice cubes, and 100% for soft ice cream. Among the non-carbonic acid beverages examined, the unsatisfactory percentage for iced coffee, cocoa, chocolate milk, and fruit milk reached 90%. Escherichia coli and fecal streptococci each were found once. None of the pathogens causing food-poisoning were found during the study. As for the sanitation control of vending machines examined, 66 to 74% percent were unsatisfactory. AUWu JS; Wu SM; Yih P; Tsai WC EM8601 SOChung Hua Min Kuo Wei Sheng Wu Chi Mien I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taiwan), May 1985, 18(2) p135-42 MJBacteria; Food Dispensers, Automatic; Food Microbiology; Food Services MNFood Dispensers, Automatic /ST; Food Services /ST MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0253-2662 LAEnglish JCD33 SBM UI86003781 TIEnzyme immunoassay for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antigens. ABAn enzyme immunoassay (EIA; Gonozyme, Abbott Laboratories) for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antigens was assessed. Clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae or specimens obtained from male urethra or female cervix were tested by EIA. EIA results were compared with results of conventional culture identification for N. gonorrhoeae. Fifty clinical isolates of gonococci reacted positively with Gonozyme. Five strains of E. coli showed negative reaction to Gonozyme. Five strains of nonpathogenic Neisseria reacted differently with Gonozyme depending upon the viable number of the test organisms. The sensitivity and specificity of EIA for specimens form both sex were 72.4% and 93.8%, respectively. The corresponding figures for the male specimens were 84.6% and 71.4%, and for the female specimens 62.5% and 95%, respectively. AUDing MJ; Kuo JF; Chang SA; Lin CC EM8601 SOChung Hua Min Kuo Wei Sheng Wu Chi Mien I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taiwan), May 1985, 18(2) p143-8 MJAntigens, Bacterial; Neisseria Gonorrhoeae MNImmunoenzyme Technics; Neisseria Gonorrhoeae /IP MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0253-2662 LAChinese JCD33 SBM UI86003782 TI[The relationship between indicator bacteria and pathogens in food safety] AB57 specimens of raw foods and 143 specimens of ready to eat foods were examined for microbial contamination in a period from October, 1982 to September, 1983. The results showed that 26% of the raw foods and 24% of the ready to eat foods didn't meet the government's requirement. When TAPC less than 10(6) CFU/g is used as acceptable level, then 60% of the raw foods and 46% of the ready to eat foods are unsatisfactory. The appearance of pathogenic bacteria in foods increased when the TAPC rised, although only the emergence of S. aureus was statistically significant. The number of indicator bacteria in the foods examined didn't show any correlation with the existence of pathogenic bacteria, indicating that the presence of coliform bacteria and E. coli in foods could hardly serve as parameters for evaluating food safety. AUChen SL; Chao SH; Lin CL EM8601 SOChung Hua Min Kuo Wei Sheng Wu Chi Mien I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taiwan), May 1985, 18(2) p149-55 MJBacteria; Food Microbiology MNEnterobacteriaceae /IP; Escherichia Coli /IP MCEnglish Abstract MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0253-2662 LAEnglish JCD33 SBM UI86003783 TIEnhancement of antigen expression on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells by cell incubation. ABLeukemic cells from blood and/or marrow specimens of 64 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients were examined for the expression of the Ia-like antigen (Ia) or ALL cell-associated antigen (ALLA) employing indirect immunofluorescent techniques before and after overnight incubation (18 hours) at room temperature in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium 1640. In 20 cases, the post-incubation cells showed an augmented intensity of the fluorescent stain and an increased (greater than 15%) percentage of the ALLA and/or Ia-bearing cells. Evaluation of cell viability after incubation and of non-specific staining in control preparations using normal rabbit serum in lieu of specific rabbit antiserum to ALLA or Ia excluded selective cell death and increased non-specific stain as causes of the observed increase in fluorescent cell staining. The enhanced antigen expression was observed in those samples in which antigens were detectable on only a small fraction of the leukemic cells. The results demonstrate the necessity of re-examination of leukemic cells for the presence of ALLA and Ia following overnight incubation especially in antigen negative cases. AUHsu CC; Morgan ER EM8601 IDNCI-CB-74132-31 SOChung Hua Min Kuo Wei Sheng Wu Chi Mien I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taiwan), May 1985, 18(2) p61-9 MJAntigens, Immune Response; Antigens, Neoplasm; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic MNChild, Preschool; Child; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic /PA MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0253-2662 LAEnglish JCD33 SBM UI86003784 TILymphocyte subsets and EB virus antibodies in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ABLymphocyte subsets and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated antibodies were studied in 108 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and in 34 normal controls. Lymphocyte subsets were identified with monoclonal antibodies (Ortho Co.) by indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) method. The helper T lymphocytes (OKT4+) in NPC patients comprised 38.2 +/- 10.5% which is significantly different from 45.2 +/- 8.0% in controls. The helper/suppressor ratio in NPC patients was 1.33 +/- 0.65 which is significantly different from 1.64 +/- 0.48 in controls, but the ratio was not correlated with disease extent, sex, age, total lymphocyte counts, WBC counts and EBV-associated antibodies of NPC patients. There were no remarkable differences between NPC patients and controls in B lymphocytes (OKIa+), total T lymphocytes (OKT3+), and suppressor lymphocyte (OKT8+) percentages, total lymphocyte counts and WBC counts. The EBV-associated antibodies were titrated by the IFA method using P3HR-1 cells and Raji cells induced by IUdR as target. Mean antibody titers and seropositive rates showed significant increase in NPC patients (1:12-1:502 and 45.4%-68.5%, respectively) compared with controls (1:1-1:87 and 1.0%-5.9%, respectively). The increase in antibodies was positively correlated with NPC disease extent, but was not correlated with the sex, age, total lymphocyte counts, helper/suppressor ratio, and WBC counts of NPC patients. AULynn TC; Hsieh RP; Tu SM EM8601 SOChung Hua Min Kuo Wei Sheng Wu Chi Mien I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taiwan), May 1985, 18(2) p70-8 MJAntibodies, Viral; Epstein-Barr Virus; Lymphocytes; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms MNAdult; Age Factors; Aged; Middle Age; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0253-2662 LAEnglish JCD33 SBM UI86003785 TIEstablishment and characterization of a new human lymphoma-derived cell line--HBL-2. ABA new human B-cell lymphoma-derived cell line, designated HBL-2, was established from peripheral blood of a 17-year-old male during terminal leukemic phase. HBL-2 cells were single cell suspensions when cultured in RPMI 1640 with 10% fetal calf serum promoting a doubling time of about 20 hours. Cell marker studies revealed Ia and surface immunoglobulin positive, cytoplasmic immunoglobulin and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen negative. Chromosome analysis showed a male aneuploid karyotype with 14q+ and other abnormal markers. Under electron microscopy, the cells exhibited clear nucleoli, fine chromatin, and were in a primary differentiated state. The establishment of HBL-2 cell line provides a powerful tool in studying the oncogenesis of B-cell malignancy. AUPeng HW; Chong LL; Chiang H; Chiang BN EM8601 SOChung Hua Min Kuo Wei Sheng Wu Chi Mien I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taiwan), May 1985, 18(2) p79-85 MJLymphoma MNB Lymphocytes; Cell Line; Chromosome Aberrations; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Lymphoma /UL; Mice, Nude; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation MTAnimal; Human IS0253-2662 LAChinese JCD33 SBM UI86003786 TI[Clinical evaluation of a domestically prepared enzyme immunoassay kit for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen] ABNational Institute of Preventive Medicine (NIPM) has succeeded in the development of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. The sandwich principle was used for the test. Guinea pig anti-HBs IgG was used for coating microtiter plates and Horseradish peroxidase was conjugated with goat specific anti-HBs. Its stability is longer than 4 months. The lowest detectable dose is 0.7 ng/ml or better for subtype ad of HBsAg tested with Hepatitis Sensitivity Panel, Bureau of Drug and Food, Department of Health. The regression curve was determined by testing 66 samples with Auszyme II (EIA Kit. Abbott Lab.) and NIPM Kit, while Auszyme II used as a reference kit. The two EIA kits correlated well with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.86. Evaluation on 1,157 patients' and officers' serum samples in Tri-Service General Hospital showed that the positive rate was 24.7% (286/1,157) by RIA (Clinical Assays, Travenol Lab., USA) and that of NIPM EIA Kit was 24.4% (282/1,157). There was no statistical significance in terms of positive rate (p greater than 0.05). The positive rates of 534 blood donors are 22.1% (118/534) and 21.9% (117/534) respectively. Another evaluation on 974 serum samples in National Taiwan University Hospital showed that the positive rate was 27.2% (265/974) by Ausria II-125 (RIA. Abbott Lab.) and that of NIPM EIA Kit was 27.4% (267/974). The undetectable rate and false positive rate of NIPM EIA Kit were 0.41% (4/974) and 0.62% (6/974) respectively. In comparison with four other kind of commercial EIA Kits, the results of NIPM EIA Kit were satisfactory also. We have scaled up the reagent preparations for the kit, except the antibody coated microtiter plate preparation. At the end of March 1985 we will supply 850 EIA kits for the Development Center for Biotechnology for their hepatitis B vaccine production program. AULee HF; Chow L; Lu CF; Liau MY; Shieh BJ; Chen HM; Cheng LR; Lin CC; Kuan TY EM8601 SOChung Hua Min Kuo Wei Sheng Wu Chi Mien I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taiwan), May 1985, 18(2) p86-95 MJHepatitis B Surface Antigens; Immunoenzyme Technics; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic MNRadioimmunoassay; Regression Analysis MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0253-2662 LAChinese JCD33 SBM UI86003787 TI[Survey of helminthic infections and treatment of Taenia species infection among the aborigines in Chien-Shih District, Hsin-Chu County, northern Taiwan] ABSix hundred and sixteen out of 770 (80%) aborigines examined were found to be infected with intestinal helminthes. A total of 7 species of parasites were detected with the formalin-ether concentration technique. The infection rate of Ascaris lumbricoides was 77.1%, Trichuris trichiura 28.8%, Taenia sp. 18.4%, Enterobius vermicularis 1.6%, and there was one case each of hookworm, Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta infections. Infection rate was slightly higher among females (81.3%) than males (78.9%). It was also higher in Yu-Feng (86.9%) than Shiu-Luan villages (75.5%). The incidence of helminthic parasites was found in all ages. 11-20 age-group was the highest (84.4%), followed by 1-10 (81.5%), 51 and more (80.6%), 41-50 (77%), 31-40 (76%), and 21-30 (72%). In general, the rate seems to be higher among the young and old. But, the rate of Taenia sp. was increased with the increase in age. Taenia sp. was found to be of considerable high prevalence. However, only 7 out of the 252 (2.7%) junior high school students were found infected in contrast to the 18.4% found in the villages. After atabrine treatment, 108 adult worms, 83 with and 25 without scolices were obtained from 54 of 72 treated cases. The number of expelled worms varied from 1 to 8, with an average of 2 worms per infected person. 29 (53.7%) aborigines expelled only one worm, and 25 (46.3%) cases expelled more than one worms. AUChung WC; Fan PC; Chiu HM EM8601 SOChung Hua Min Kuo Wei Sheng Wu Chi Mien I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taiwan), May 1985, 18(2) p96-103 MJHelminthiasis; Taeniasis MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Middle Age; Sex Factors; Taeniasis /PS; Taiwan MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN525-66-6 (Propranolol) IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003788 TI[Indications for surgery in portal hypertension from the internist's viewpoint] AUScheurlen M; Egberts EH; Dolle W TT[Operationsindikationen bei portaler Hypertension aus internistischer Sicht.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 56(7) p421-4 MJHypertension, Portal MNAscites /SU; Esophageal and Gastric Varices /DT /SU /TH; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal /SU; Portal System /SU; Propranolol /TU; Sclerosing Solutions /TU; Vasopressins /TU MTHuman IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003789 TI[Portal hypertension: state of the art portosystemic shunt and emergency surgery] AUHaring R ; Hirner A; Karavias T TT[Portale Hypertension: Stellenwert der portosystemischen Shunt-Operation und der Notfalleingriffe.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 56(7) p425-31 MJCritical Care; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Liver Cirrhosis; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical MNAdult; Age Factors; Aged; Esophageal and Gastric Varices /MO; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal /MO; Long Term Care; Middle Age; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical /MO; Prognosis MTHuman IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003790 TI[Sclerotherapy and its late results] AUSoehendra N TT[Sklerosierung und ihre Spatergebnisse.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 56(7) p432-5 MJEsophageal and Gastric Varices /TH; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal; Sclerosing Solutions /TU MNEsophageal Stenosis /CI; Esophageal and Gastric Varices /MO; Esophagoscopy; Palliative Treatment; Recurrence; Risk; Sclerosing Solutions /AE MTHuman IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003791 TI[10 years' experience with the concept of breast-saving therapy in the treatment of breast cancer] ABA therapeutic concept dependent on staging of breast carcinoma is presented. In 1974 we started at the 2. Surgical University Clinic Vienna to use the non ablative treatment in patients with breast cancer smaller than 2 cm. Up to 1984 102 patients underwent quadrantectomy axillary dissection, and radiotherapy. With equal therapeutic results the smaller and cosmetically preferable surgical intervention is recommended. AUStaffen A; Stadler B; Strasser K; Schreiner W; Wolner E TT[10-Jahres-Erfahrung mit einem brusterhaltenden Therapiekonzept in der Behandlung des Mammacarcinoms.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 56(7) p436-9 MJBreast Neoplasms /SU; Carcinoma, Ductal /SU; Carcinoma /SU; Mastectomy MNAustria; Axilla; Breast Neoplasms /RT; Carcinoma, Ductal /RT; Carcinoma /RT; Combined Modality Therapy; Follow-Up Studies; Lymph Node Excision; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local /OC; Receptors, Endogenous Substances /AN MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003792 TI[Results of the surgical treatment of gallbladder carcinomas] ABA retrospective study of 44 patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder is presented. It is noticeable that although the prognosis for advanced carcinoma of the gallbladder is poor, that of the early stages (stage I-III) is relatively better. In no case diagnosis was made preoperatively. In 86% gallstones were found. There has been no valid staging for tumors of the gallbladder or any generally accepted standardized therapy. Attention is drawn to the possibility of improving the results of therapy at the early stages by extended radical operation and to the necessity for early operative treatment of gallstone disease. AURassek D; Straub D; Sons HU; Stock W TT[Ergebnisse nach chirurgischer Behandlung des Gallenblasencarcinoms.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 56(7) p440-4 MJAdenocarcinoma /SU; Gallbladder Neoplasms /SU MNAdenocarcinoma /MO; Adult; Aged; Cholecystectomy; Cholelithiasis /CO; Cholestasis /CO; Gallbladder Neoplasms /DI /MO; Middle Age; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003793 TI[Femoropedal bypass: a step forward in peripheral bypass surgery?] ABFemoropopliteal and femorocrural bypasses are standardized procedures. There is given a patency rate of 70-90% after a period of 5 years according to the progress of the disease and to the used graft material. Bypassing the lower limb in AOD (stage III and IV by Fontaine) it is possible to implant a femoropedal bypass. In our patients we had a patency rate of 81.3% during a follow-up time of 13 months. An av-shunt nearby the distal anastomosis seems to be important. AUFranke S; Bruch HP; Repenning K; Dusel W ; Sperling M; Lukas D TT[Femoro-pedaler Bypass: Ein Schritt nach vorn in der peripheren Bypass-Chirurgie?] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 56(7) p445-8 MJArterial Occlusive Diseases /SU; Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; Popliteal Artery MNAged; Arterial Occlusive Diseases /RA; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Foot /BS; Middle Age; Popliteal Artery /RA; Veins /TR MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003794 TI[Advantages of computerized tomography diagnosis in acetabular fractures] ABThere is a comparison of conventional radiographs and computed tomography in 23 patients presenting acetabular fracture. Four patients were treated conservatively because of their CT-findings. The result was successful. Surgery took place in 19 patients. Intraoperative findings verified CT-diagnosis in all cases, while diagnosis with conventional radiographs in 3 projections had to be corrected in 8 of 19 cases. Advantages of CT in acetabular fracture: 1. always manageable, 2. correct topography of fracture, 3. discovery of small especially intraarticular bone fragments, 4. judgement of congruity of the joint, 5. clear decision of management. 6. definite surgical approach. In conclusion, the CT-scanning of acetabular fractures is preferable for correct classification as opposed to conventional radiographs; if only plain X-ray films are available CT-scanning is to be required. AUKleinsorge F; Berg-Schlosser V; Maroske D TT[Vorteile der Computertomographie-Diagnostik bei Acetabulumfrakturen.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 56(7) p449-53 MJAcetabulum; Fractures /RA; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Fracture Fixation; Fractures /CL /TH; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003795 TI[Biomechanical analysis of the medullary bone nail and its locking] ABBy mechanical definition an intramedullary nail is not a nail but rather a bendable feather, subject to longitudinal tension and to a lesser degree to transverse pressure. Reaming the medullary canal is necessary for centralization of the nail as well as to increase the area of contact with the bone. However, this procedure is detrimental to the bone metabolism and reduces its elasticity against torsional forces. The dynamic locking nail-system is more biologic than conventional nailing and it reduces rotatory instability with the help of additional components, such as transverse screws. Only static locking allows true static weight bearing with crutches, but not dynamic mobilisation. Nails with conventional strength and in leaf of trefoil formation are superior to other designs. However, an improved angle in the proximal locking is suggested, as this would allow for a three to four times greater weight bearing. AUTeubner E TT[Biomechanische Analyse des Marknagels und seiner Verriegelung.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 56(7) p454-60 MJBone Nails; Bone Screws; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary MNBiomechanics; Bone and Bones /PH; Models, Theoretical; Risk MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003796 TI[Sacroiliac distorsion or subluxation--a medically established concept? X-ray diagnosis--bone scintigraphy] AB50 patients with complaints in the region of the sacroiliacal joints and the hip, but negative radiographs following injury to the pelvis were investigated by bone scan. Scintigraphic diagnosis always showed involvement of the pelvis ring other than the apparent fractures. Together with the clinical symptoms scintigraphic findings are interpreted as sacroiliacal strain or subluxation. Additional injuries to the acetabulum and to the lumbosacral joints may be present. The patients' complaints are explained, the injuries are localized and documented. AUReichelt HG TT[Sacroiliacale Distorsion bzw. Subluxation--ein medizinisch gefestigter Begriff? Rontgendiagnostik--Knochenszintigraphie.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 56(7) p461-5 MJDislocations; Sacroiliac Joint; Sprains and Strains MNAged; Dislocations /RA /RI; Fractures /CO; Middle Age; Pelvic Bones /IN; Sacroiliac Joint /RA /RI; Sprains and Strains /RA /RI MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman; Male IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003797 TI[Differential surgical indications in benign tumors of Vater's ampulla] AUBrieler HS TT[Chirurgische Differentialindikation bei gutartigen Tumoren an der Papilla Vateri.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 56(7) p466-8 MJAdenoma /SU; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms /SU; Vater's Ampulla MNAdenoma /RA; Aged; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms /RA; Common Bile Duct /SU; Middle Age; Vater's Ampulla /SU MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003798 TI[Malignant melanoma of the gallbladder] AURudolph A; Bothe J; Bonk U TT[Malignes Melanom der Gallenblase.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 56(7) p469-71 MJGallbladder Neoplasms /SU; Melanoma /SU MNCholecystectomy; Duodenal Ulcer /CO /SU; Gallbladder Neoplasms /CO; Gastrectomy; Melanoma /CO; Middle Age; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pyloric Stenosis /CO /SU; Vagotomy, Proximal Gastric MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003799 TI[Perforation by a foreign body in esophagus duplication in an infant] AUSchmidt A TT[Perforation eines Fremdkorpers in eine Oesophagusduplikatur bei einem Saugling.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 56(7) p472-3 MJEsophageal Perforation; Esophagus; Foreign Bodies MNEsophageal Perforation /RA /SU; Esophagus /SU; Foreign Bodies /RA /SU; Infant; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003800 TI[Granulomatous tumor foreign body reaction of the greater omentum] AUWesch G; Raute-Kreinsen U; Saeger HD; Reiter JJ TT[Granulomatos-tumorose Fremdkorperreaktionen des grossen Netzes.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 56(7) p474-6 MJForeign Body Reaction; Intestinal Obstruction; Omentum MNForeign Body Reaction /PA /SU; Intestinal Obstruction /SU; Middle Age; Omentum /PA /SU; Postoperative Complications MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003801 TI[Clinical picture of pheochromocytoma. Acute symptoms of a contused bilateral pheochromocytoma within the framework of familial multiple endocrine neoplasm type IIa syndrome] AUGohring U ; Merkle P; Horn J TT[Zum Krankheitsbild des Phaochromocytoms. Akutsymptomatik eines kontusionierten beidseitigen Phaochromocytoms im Rahmen eines familiaren MEN-IIA-Syndroms.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 56(7) p477-9 MJAdrenal Gland Neoplasms /DI; Contusions; Neoplasms, Multiple Endocrine /DI; Pheochromocytoma /DI MNAdrenal Gland Neoplasms /CO /SU; Adult; Athletic Injuries /CO; Critical Care; Neoplasms, Multiple Endocrine /CO; Pheochromocytoma /CO /SU; Shock /ET /MO /TH; Soccer MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003802 TI[A new ╥nontraumatic╙ towel forceps] AUMeiss L TT[Neue, ╥atraumatische╙ Tuchklemmen.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 56(7) p480 MJSurgical Instruments MNAsepsis; Orthopedic Equipment IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003803 TI[Value of diagnostic procedures and after care problems in local and regional recurrence of tumors of the gastrointestinal system] AUEigler FW; Gross E; Heckemann R TT[Wertigkeit der diagnostischen Verfahren und Nachsorgeprobleme bei lokalen und regionalen Tumorrezidiven im Gastrointestinaltrakt.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 56(8) p485-91 MJGastrointestinal Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local MNCarcinoembryonic Antigen /AN; Endoscopy; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms /SU; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local /SU; Postoperative Complications /DI; Rectal Neoplasms /DI; Reoperation; Sigmoid Neoplasms /DI; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MTHuman IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003804 TI[Therapeutic possibilities in loco-regional recurrence of cancers of the gastrointestinal system] AUHerfarth C; Schlag P; Hohenberger P TT[Therapeutische Moglichkeiten bei locoregionaren Rezidiven der Carcinome des Gastrointestinaltraktes.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 56(8) p492-8 MJGastrointestinal Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local MNColonic Neoplasms /SU; Gastrectomy; Neoplasm Circulating Cells; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Seeding; Palliative Treatment; Postoperative Complications /SU; Prognosis; Rectal Neoplasms /SU; Stomach Neoplasms /SU MTHuman IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003805 TI[Radiotherapy of the recurrence of tumors of the gastrointestinal system] AUWannenmacher M TT[Strahlentherapie bei Tumorrezidiven im Gastrointestinaltrakt.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 56(8) p499-502 MJGastrointestinal Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local MNBile Duct Neoplasms /RT; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /RT; Combined Modality Therapy; Esophageal Neoplasms /RT; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms /SU; Palliative Treatment; Pancreatic Neoplasms /RT; Postoperative Complications /RT; Radiotherapy Dosage; Rectal Neoplasms /RT; Stomach Neoplasms /RT MTHuman IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003806 TI[Chemotherapy of the recurrence of tumors of the gastrointestinal system] AUHoldener EE TT[Chemotherapie bei Tumorrezidiven des Gastrointestinaltraktes.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 56(8) p503-8 MJAntineoplastic Agents; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local MNAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Colonic Neoplasms /DT; Combined Modality Therapy; Esophageal Neoplasms /DT; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms /SU; Pancreatic Neoplasms /DT; Prognosis; Rectal Neoplasms /DT; Stomach Neoplasms /DT MTHuman IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003807 TI[Therapy of recurrent colorectal cancers] ABColorectal cancers treated for cure by operative means show tumour recurrences and metastases in about 20% of the patients. Of these colon or rectal cancers 75 and 90% respectively can be only operated for palliation. These patients have a better prognosis than those operated primarily for palliation. 25% of the cases especially with suture line recurrences can be operated upon radically enough and exhibit a total five year survival rate of 50%. AUSchildberg FW; Lange V; Thies E; Meyer G TT[Zur Therapie der Rezidive colorectaler Carcinome.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 56(8) p509-14 MJColonic Neoplasms /SU; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Rectal Neoplasms /SU MNColectomy; Colonic Neoplasms /PA; Colostomy; Combined Modality Therapy; Lymphatic Metastasis; Middle Age; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Rectal Neoplasms /PA; Reoperation MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003808 TI[10 years' results following proximal selective vagotomy in duodenal ulcer disease. A prospective study] ABThe results 10 years after proximal gastric vagotomy for chronic duodenal ulcer disease in a prospective trial are presented. Among 76 patients 5 were lost to follow-up, 3 had died from causes unrelated of ulcer disease. 80.3% of the patients remained clinically free from recurrence. 92.2% had a Visick grade I or II. The symptomatic recurrence rate was 19.7%, total recurrence rate including asymptomatic recurrences having been 25.3%. 6 patients (8.4%) had to be reoperated, 12 (16.9%) were treated medically. 3/4 of the medically treated patients only had 1 recurrence throughout 10 years. The rate of mild dumping and diarrhea was 2% each. Patients with recurrence showed no more significant reduction of BAO or pentagastrin stimulated maximal acid output (MAO) 10 years postoperatively. Patients without recurrence had a significant reduction of BAO and MAO of 42%. Based upon the results presented, the indication for proximal gastric vagotomy for chronic duodenal ulcer is still justified. AUTeichmann RK; Cappeller WA; Kramling HJ ; Pratschke E TT[10-Jahres-Ergebnisse nach proximal selektiver Vagotomie beim Ulcus duodeni-Leiden. Eine prospektive Studie.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 56(8) p515-21 MJDuodenal Ulcer; Vagotomy, Proximal Gastric MNAdult; Aged; Combined Modality Therapy; Follow-Up Studies; Gastric Acidity Determination; Histamine H2 Receptor Blockaders /TU; Middle Age; Prospective Studies; Recurrence MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003809 TI[Significance of hemodynamic sequelae of aortic ligation in infrarenal aneurysms of the abdominal aorta] ABThe operative mortality in abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is in large part attributable to a high incidence of myocardial infarction. This is a result of cardiovascular instability during aortic cross-clamping and declamping in patients with coexistent coronary artery disease. Therefore cardiodynamics (pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, PAWP; cardiac index, CJ) were studied in 31 patients during abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. 12 patients (control) with a PAWP mean of 8 mmHg preoperatively showed impaired cardiac function after declamping and a significant fall in arterial pressure. 19 patients were volume loaded to a PAWP greater than 12 mmHg and the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor Aspirin was given preoperatively. This resulted in improved cardiac performance with no fall in arterial pressure after declamping. Optimal volume loading and cyclo-oxygenase inhibition have the ability to prevent adverse hemodynamic responses to aortic clamping and declamping. Maintenance of optimal cardiac performance will reduce cardiovascular complications and postoperative mortality in abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. AUBecker H; Brinkmann H; Allenberg JR TT[Die Bedeutung der hamodynamischen Folgen der Aortenabklemmung beim infrarenalen Bauchaortenaneurysma.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 56(8) p522-7 MJAortic Aneurysm; Hemodynamics MNAged; Aorta, Abdominal /SU; Aortic Rupture /SU; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Cardiac Output; Electrocardiography; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications /ET; Vascular Resistance MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003810 TI[Economic aspects of ultrasound diagnosis. A retrospective study exemplified by cholecystolithiasis] ABCholecystolithiasis is a good example to show the economic effects of using ultrasonography consequently as one of the first diagnostic procedures. In this way it is possible to reduce the examination costs about 50% for the out-patient as well as for the diagnosis during the hospital stay. AUGasser G; Bodner E; Salzer GM TT[Okonomische Aspekte der Ultraschalldiagnostik. Eine retrospektive Studie am Beispiel der Cholecystolithiasis.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 56(8) p528-31 MJCholelithiasis; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNCholelithiasis /SU; Cost Control; Diagnosis, Differential; Retrospective Studies MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003811 TI[Obstructive jaundice 64 years after a grenade splinter injury of the liver] AUMoller R ; Schroeder U TT[Verschlussikterus 64 Jahre nach Granatsplitterverletzung der Leber.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 56(8) p532-4 MJBile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic; Foreign Bodies; Foreign Body Migration; Liver; Wounds, Penetrating MNAged; Cholangiography; Common Bile Duct /SU MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003812 TI[Esophagobronchial fistula as incidental finding] AUPaes E; Rahmer H TT[Die oesophago-bronchiale Fistel als Zufallsbefund.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 56(8) p535-7 MJBronchial Fistula /SU; Esophageal Fistula /SU MNAdult; Bronchial Fistula /RA; Esophageal Diverticula /SU; Esophageal Fistula /RA MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0009-4722 LAGerman JCD5U SBM UI86003813 TI[General guidelines for surgery and pathology of the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer] AUMuller G TT[Allgemeine Richtlinien fur Chirurgie und Pathologie der japanischen Magencarcinomstudie. Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer.] EM8601 SOChirurg (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 56(8) p539-52 MJStomach Neoplasms /SU MNGastrectomy; Lymph Node Excision; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Palliative Treatment; Prognosis; Stomach Neoplasms /PA; Stomach /PA MTHuman IS0009-5915 LAEnglish JCD7A SBM UI86003819 TIGiant readthrough transcription units at the histone loci on lampbrush chromosomes of the newt Notophthalmus. ABWe have studied transcription at the histone loci in oocytes of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens, using in situ hybridization of cloned probes to the nascent RNA on lampbrush chromosome loops. Clusters of the five histone coding sequences are separated by long tracts of a simple sequence DNA, satellite 1. We had previously demonstrated coordinate transcription of histone genes and satellite 1 sequences. We postulated that satellite sequences were transcribed by readthrough from histone gene promoters; that is, transcription initiated at any of the five usual promoters, but did not terminate at the 3' end of the gene. Instead transcription proceeded through downstream sequences in the histone cluster (including spacers and downstream histone genes), and then through the satellite 1 region. Our model led to several specific predictions, in particular that some internal spacer regions between the genes should be well represented in the RNA on loops, that certain sequences should be absent from the loops, and that presence or absence of particular sequences should be correlated with morphological polarity of the transcription unit. We have hybridized ten strand-specific probes to the lamp-brush chromosomes and we find that the patterns of hybridization agree with the readthrough model of transcription. AUDiaz MO; Gall JG EM8601 IDGM 12427; GM 33397 SOChromosoma (Germany, West), 1985, 92(4) p243-53 MJGenes, Structural; Histones; Transcription, Genetic MNBase Sequence; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes /UL; Cloning, Molecular; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Operon; Phage Lambda /GE; Salamandridae MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-5915 LAEnglish JCD7A SBM UI86003820 TITransition from somatic to meiotic pairing and progressional changes of the synaptonemal complex in spermatocytes of Aedes aegypti. ABAedes aegypti spermatocytes were reconstructed from electron micrographs. The species has tight somatic pairing of the chromosomes, and there are therefore no classical leptotene and zygotene stages, but rather a gradual transition from somatic pairing to meiotic pairing (= pachytene). The term ╥prepachytene╙ has been used for the transitory stage. The first visible sign of impending meiosis was a reorganization of the chromatin, which resulted in the formation of spaces (synaptic spaces) in the chromatin, about the width of the synaptonemal complexes (SCs). Diffuse material, possibly precursor material for the SC, was present in the spaces. Later short pieces of complex were formed throughout the nucleus. Late prepachytene, pachytene, and diplotene complexes were reconstructed. Each chromosome occupied a separate region of the nucleus. The complexes became progressively shorter from prepachytene (maximum complement length 289 micron) to diplotene (175 micron). The thickness of the SCs increased from prepachytene to pachytene and probably decreased again during diplotene. At the beginning of diplotene the lateral elements (LEs) separated, and the single LEs became two to three times thicker than the LEs of the SC. The centromeres were at all stages attached to the nuclear membrane, whereas the telomeres were free in the nucleoplasm during pachytene and diplotene. A heterochromatic marker was present on chromosome 1 near the sex determining locus, and a diffuse marker on chromosome 3 near the nucleolus organizer region. After breakdown of the complexes, polycomplexes were present in the nucleus. AUWandall A; Svendsen A EM8601 SOChromosoma (Germany, West), 1985, 92(4) p254-64 MJAedes; Meiosis; Spermatocytes; Synaptonemal Complex MNAedes /PH; Chromosomes /UL MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0009-5915 LAEnglish JCD7A SBM UI86003821 TIKinetochore microtubules and chromosome movement during prometaphase in Drosophila melanogaster spermatocytes studied in life and with the electron microscope. ABPrometaphase I chromosome behavior was examined in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster primary spermatocytes. Cine analysis of live cells reveals that bivalents exhibit complex motions that include (1) transient bipolar orientations, (2) simultaneous reorientation of homologous kinetochores, (3) movements not parallel to the spindle axis, and (4) movement along the nuclear membrane. --Kinetochores and kinetochore microtubule have been analyzed for bivalents previously studied in life. The results suggest that most chromosome motions (complex though they may be) can be explained by poleward forces acting on or through kinetochore microtubules that span the distance between the kinetochore and the vicinity of a pole. The results also suggest that the majority of short kinetochore microtubules may be remnants of previous microtubule-mediated associations between a kinetochore and a pole. AUChurch K; Lin HP EM8601 SOChromosoma (Germany, West), 1985, 92(4) p273-82 MJChromosomes; Drosophila Melanogaster; Spermatocytes MNMetaphase; Microscopy, Electron; Microtubules /UL; Spermatocytes /UL MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-5915 LAEnglish JCD7A SBM UI86003822 TIThree related centromere proteins are absent from the inactive centromere of a stable isodicentric chromosome. ABWe developed an aqueous spreading procedure that permits simultaneous analysis of human chromosomes by Q-banding and indirect immunofluorescence. Using this methodology and anticentromere antibodies from an autoimmune patient we compared the active and inactive centromeres of an isodicentric X chromosome. We show that a family of structurally related human centromere proteins (CENP-A, CENP-B, and CENP-C) is detectable only at the active centromere. These antigens therefore may be regarded both as morphological and functional markers for active centromeres. AUEarnshaw WC; Migeon BR EM8601 IDGM-30985; HD 05465 SOChromosoma (Germany, West), 1985, 92(4) p290-6 MJCentromere /UL; Chromosomes; Lymphocytes; X Chromosome MNCell Transformation, Viral; Centromere /AN; Chromosome Banding; Epstein-Barr Virus /GE; Karyotyping; Metaphase MTFemale; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0009-5915 LAEnglish JCD7A SBM UI86003823 TIMonoclonal antibody to a protein of the nucleus and mitotic spindle of mammalian cells. Localization and synthesis throughout the cell cycle. ABWe report here the isolation of a monoclonal antibody, J17, that reacts with a conserved vertebrate protein antigen that is present in the spindle apparatus during mitosis but found within the nucleus during interphase. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrates that the J17 antigen is found in numerous punctate regions that are distinct from nucleoli. Furthermore, this antigen is not directly associated with kinetochores, the nuclear envelope, or with metaphase chromosomes. Antibody J17 immunoprecipitates a single polypeptide of very high molecular weight (over 250 000) from K562 human erythroleukemia cells pulse-labeled with 14C-leucine. This polypeptide is converted quantitatively to a stable 220-kilodalton product within one cellular generation. We discuss the possible relevance of this processing event for transport into the nucleus. The J17 antigen is synthesized throughout the cell cycle in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AUNewmeyer DD; Ohlsson-Wilhelm BM EM8601 SOChromosoma (Germany, West), 1985, 92(4) p297-303 MJMitotic Spindle Apparatus; Nucleoproteins /BI MNAntibodies, Monoclonal; Cell Cycle; Cell Line; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Immunoenzyme Technics; Leukemia, Lymphocytic; Molecular Weight; Nucleoproteins /AN MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0009-5915 LAEnglish JCD7A SBM UI86003824 TIInteractions of nuclear proteins with DNA, during sperm differentiation in the ram. ABRam spermatid nuclei and caput epididymal sperm nuclei were prepared and treated with DTT under conditions avoiding proteolysis. Whole-mount preparations for the electron microscope were made in the presence or absence of the detergent Joy. The chromatin of the less mature, non-round spermatid nuclei displayed a nucleosomal organization that gradually disappeared at the time the histones leave the nuclei (elongating spermatids). Digestion with micrococcal nuclease suggests that polynucleosome arrays are scarcer and more accessible to nuclease in the elongating than in the round nuclei, with increasing amounts of DNA becoming devoid of nucleosomes. In the protamine-containing nuclei (elongated spermatids), only smooth filaments were observed, which formed thick fibers by parallel aggregation. The change from a nucleosomal organization to bundles of smooth filaments appeared to result from a complex process involving the transitory presence of conspicuous ╥knobby fibers╙ that suggest a periodicity in the organization of the spermatidal proteins along the DNA molecules. X-ray diffraction patterns obtained with protamine-containing spermatid nuclei and with sperm nuclei confirm that the DNA is arranged in smoothly bent bundles of parallel molecules. No higher-order reflections that might correspond to nucleosome structures were detected in the 30-200 A region. AULoir M; Bouvier D; Fornells M; Lanneau M; Subirana JA EM8601 SOChromosoma (Germany, West), 1985, 92(4) p304-12 MJDNA; Deoxyribonucleoproteins; Spermatids /PH; Spermatozoa /PH MNCell Differentiation; Cell Nucleus /UL; Chromatin /UL; Sheep; Spermatids /CY; Spermatozoa /CY; X-Ray Diffraction MTAnimal; Male IS0009-5915 LAEnglish JCD7A SBM UI86003825 TIMicrotubules, chromosome movement, and reorientation after chromosomes are detached from the spindle by micromanipulation. ABThe relationship between chromosome movement and microtubules was explored by combining micromanipulation of living grasshopper spermatocytes with electron microscopy. We detached chromosomes from the spindle and placed them far out in the cytoplasm. Soon, the chromosomes began to move back toward the spindle and the cells were fixed at a chosen moment. The microtubules seen in three-dimensional reconstructions were correlated with the chromosome movement just prior to fixation. Before movement began, detached chromosomes had no kinetochore microtubules or a single one at most. Renewed movement was always accompanied by the reappearance of kinetochore microtubules; a single kinetochore microtubule appeared to suffice. Chromosome movements and kinetochore microtubule arrangements were unusual after reattachment, but their relationship was not: poleward forces, parallel to the kinetochore microtubule axis (as in normal anaphase), would explain the movement, however odd. The initial arrangement of kinetochore microtubules would have led to aberrant chromosome distribution if it persisted, but instead, reorientation to the appropriate arrangement always followed. Observations on living cells permitted us to place in sequence the kinetochore microtubule arrangements seen in fixed cells, revealing the microtubule transformations during reorientation. From the sequence of events we conclude that chromosome movement can cause reorientation to begin and that in the changes which follow, an unstable attachment of kinetochore microtubules to the spindle plays a major role. AUNicklas RB; Kubai DF EM8601 IDGM 13745 SOChromosoma (Germany, West), 1985, 92(4) p313-24 MJChromosomes /UL; Microtubules /UL; Mitotic Spindle Apparatus /UL MNCell Division; Chromosomes /PH; Grasshoppers; Meiosis; Microtubules /PH; Mitotic Spindle Apparatus /PH; Spermatocytes /CY /PH MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. LAChinese JCD7D UI86003844 TI[X-ray analysis of the chest in 186 cases of epidemic haemorrhagic fever] AUWang QB EM8601 SOChung Hua Fang She Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 19(3) p129-33 MJHemorrhagic Fever, Epidemic /RA; Thoracic Radiography MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Hemorrhagic Fever, Epidemic /PA; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD7D UI86003845 TI[Bronchial adenoma] AULi TY EM8601 SOChung Hua Fang She Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 19(3) p134-6 MJAdenoma; Bronchial Neoplasms MNAdolescence; Adult; Carcinoid Tumor /RA; Carcinoma /RA; Child; Cylindroma /RA; Diagnosis, Differential; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD7D UI86003846 TI[Effusive-constrictive pericarditis: a radiologic study] AULiu YQ EM8601 SOChung Hua Fang She Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 19(3) p137-9 MJPericardial Effusion; Pericarditis, Constrictive /RA MNAdolescence; Adult; Middle Age; Pericardial Effusion /RA; Pericarditis, Constrictive /CO MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD7D UI86003847 TI[CT diagnosis of primary hepatoma] AUWan XR EM8601 SOChung Hua Fang She Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 19(3) p140-2 MJHepatoma; Liver Neoplasms MNAdult; Age Factors; Middle Age; Sex Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD7D UI86003848 TI[Leakage of air in retrograde pneumopyelography (report of 42 cases)] AUWang HG EM8601 SOChung Hua Fang She Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 19(3) p143-4 MJKidney Pelvis; Pneumoradiography; Urography MNAdult; Middle Age; Urography /MT MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD7D UI86003849 TI[Myelographic study of space-occupying lesions in the spinal canal] AUTao K EM8601 SOChung Hua Fang She Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 19(3) p145-8 MJSpinal Canal; Spinal Neoplasms MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Middle Age; Myelography MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD7D UI86003850 TI[Investigation on the estimation of bone mineral content in vivo by radiographic methods] AUYang DZ EM8601 SOChung Hua Fang She Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 19(3) p149-52 MJBone and Bones /RA; Minerals MNAdult; Age Factors; Bone and Bones /AN; Densitometry, X-Ray /MT; Middle Age; Reference Values; Sex Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD7D UI86003851 TI[Roentgen study of bone changes in hemoglobinopathy] AULiu YW EM8601 SOChung Hua Fang She Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 19(3) p153-6 MJBone and Bones /RA; Hemoglobinopathies /RA MNAdolescence; Adult; Bone and Bones /PA; Child, Preschool; Child; Hemoglobinopathies /PA; Infant; Middle Age; Thalassemia /PA /RA MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD7D UI86003852 TI[Radiologic approach of spondylolysis (an analysis of 200 cases)] AUFang TS EM8601 SOChung Hua Fang She Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 19(3) p157-9 MJLumbar Vertebrae; Spondylolisthesis; Spondylolysis MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Lumbar Vertebrae /RA; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD7D UI86003853 TI[X-ray diagnosis of primary leiomyosarcoma of the bone (report of five cases)] AUShi ZG EM8601 SOChung Hua Fang She Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 19(3) p160-2 MJBone Neoplasms; Leiomyosarcoma MNAdult; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Femur /RA; Middle Age; Ribs /RA MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male LAChinese JCD7D UI86003854 TI[Corticosteroid-induced arthropathy (a report of 5 cases)] AUJin CN EM8601 SOChung Hua Fang She Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 19(3) p163-6 MJArthropathy, Neurogenic; Glucocorticoids /AE MNAdolescence; Adult; Arthropathy, Neurogenic /RA; Glucocorticoids /AD; Injections, Intra-Articular; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male LAChinese JCD9K UI86003935 TI[Upper eyelid depression following eye-ball enucleation corrected by intra-orbital autotransplantation of costal cartilage: report of 45 cases] AUKong FH EM8601 SOChung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih (China), Jul 1985, 21(4) p193-6 MJCartilage; Eye; Orbit; Surgery, Plastic MNAdult; Eye Diseases /SU; Postoperative Complications /SU; Ribs; Transplantation, Autologous MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male LAChinese JCD9K UI86003936 TI[Clinico-pathological study of rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit: report of 12 cases] AUCai RH EM8601 SOChung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih (China), Jul 1985, 21(4) p197-200 MJOrbital Neoplasms /PA; Rhabdomyosarcoma /PA MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Follow-Up Studies; Infant; Orbital Neoplasms /DI; Rhabdomyosarcoma /DI MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD9K UI86003937 TI[Primary intra-orbital meningiomas: a clinicopathologic analysis of 10 cases] AULi YT EM8601 SOChung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih (China), Jul 1985, 21(4) p201-4 MJMeningioma /PA; Orbital Neoplasms /PA MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Meningioma /DI; Middle Age; Orbital Neoplasms /DI MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD9K UI86003938 TI[Clinico-pathologic manifestations of dysplasia of the optic vesicle and embryonic cleft] AULi JH EM8601 SOChung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih (China), Jul 1985, 21(4) p205-7 MJEye MNAnophthalmos /EM /PA; Child, Preschool; Infant; Microphthalmos /EM /PA MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD9K UI86003939 TI[Carcinoma in situ of the conjunctiva and cornea: analysis of 24 cases] AUChen XF EM8601 SOChung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih (China), Jul 1985, 21(4) p208-10 MJCarcinoma in Situ; Conjunctival Neoplasms; Corneal Diseases; Eye Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD9K UI86003940 TI[Clinical immunopathology of phacoanaphylactic uveitis] AULiu SB EM8601 SOChung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih (China), Jul 1985, 21(4) p211-3 MJAnaphylaxis; Lens Diseases; Uveitis /PA MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Middle Age; Uveitis /ET /IM MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male LAChinese JCD9K UI86003941 TI[Pathological analysis of 120 cases of vernal conjunctivitis] AUWang KW EM8601 SOChung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih (China), Jul 1985, 21(4) p214-5 MJConjunctivitis, Allergic MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Seasons MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD9K UI86003942 TI[Relation of refractive error and age to the accommodative power at near point] AUDuan CM EM8601 SOChung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih (China), Jul 1985, 21(4) p216-21 MJAccommodation, Ocular; Refractive Errors MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD9K UI86003943 TI[Ocular features and diagnosis of Sjogren syndrome] AUZhao JL EM8601 SOChung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih (China), Jul 1985, 21(4) p222-5 MJSjogren's Syndrome MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Sjogren's Syndrome /PP; Tears /SE MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD9K UI86003944 TI[Determination of hepatitis B surface antigen in human tears] AUYang YJ EM8601 SOChung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih (China), Jul 1985, 21(4) p226-8 MJHepatitis B Surface Antigens; Tears MNEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Hepatitis B /PC MTHuman LAChinese JCD9K UI86003945 TI[Canaliculodacryocystostomy] AULiu BS EM8601 SOChung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih (China), Jul 1985, 21(4) p229-31 MJLacrimal Duct Obstruction MNAdult; Methods MTFemale; Human; Male LAChinese JCD9K UI86003946 TI[Spherophakia-brachymorphia syndrome] AULi ZH EM8601 SOChung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih (China), Jul 1985, 21(4) p232-4 MJAbnormalities, Multiple; Fingers; Lens, Crystalline MNAdult; Glaucoma /CO; Pedigree; Syndrome MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 1.1.1.27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase) LAChinese JCD9K UI86003947 TI[Determination of lactate dehydrogenase in aqueous humor and serum in retinoblastoma] AUWang GM EM8601 SOChung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih (China), Jul 1985, 21(4) p235-7 MJAqueous Humor; Eye Neoplasms; Lactate Dehydrogenase; Retinoblastoma MNChild; Lactate Dehydrogenase /BL MTHuman LAChinese JCD9K UI86003948 TI[Experimental studies on non-granulomatous uveitis induced by immune complex] AUZhang XF EM8601 SOChung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih (China), Jul 1985, 21(4) p238-41 MJAntigen-Antibody Complex; Uveitis /IM MNRabbits; Uveitis /ET MTAnimal; Female; Male RN36791-04-5 (Ribavirin); 59277-89-3 (Acyclovir) LAChinese JCD9K UI86003949 TI[Treatment of experimental herpes simplex keratitis with acycloguanosine and virazole] AUZhang L EM8601 SOChung Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih (China), Jul 1985, 21(4) p242-4 MJAcyclovir; Keratitis, Dendritic; Ribavirin; Ribonucleosides MNOphthalmic Solutions; Rabbits MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN55-92-5 (acetyl-beta-methylcholine) IS0253-2689 LAChinese JCD9X UI86003967 TI[Measurement of bronchial reactivity in asthmatics. I. Use of indices of PC20, TC and R for measuring bronchial reactivity] AUZhang YY; Sun B EM8601 SOChung Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Hsi Chi Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 8(3) p131-3, 189 MJAsthma; Bronchial Provocation Tests MNAdolescence; Adult; Methacholine Compounds /DU; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN51-55-8 (Atropine); 55-92-5 (acetyl-beta-methylcholine); 586-06-1 (Orciprenaline) IS0253-2689 LAChinese JCD9X UI86003968 TI[Measurement of bronchial reactivity in asthmatics. II. Effects of atropine and metaproterenol on bronchial reactivity in asthmatics] AUZhang YY; Sun B EM8601 SOChung Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Hsi Chi Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 8(3) p133-5, 189 MJAsthma; Atropine; Orciprenaline MNAdult; Airway Resistance /DE; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Methacholine Compounds /DU; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 55-92-5 (acetyl-beta-methylcholine); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7665-99-8 (Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate) IS0253-2689 LAChinese JCD9X UI86003969 TI[Measurement of bronchial reactivity in asthmatics. III. Relation between bronchial reactivity to methacholine and plasma cyclic nucleotide monophosphate in asthmatic subjects] AULi LL; Sun B EM8601 SOChung Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Hsi Chi Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 8(3) p135-7, 189 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Asthma; Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Methacholine Compounds MNAdult; Airway Resistance /DE; Asthma /PP; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Epinephrine /PD; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0253-2689 LAChinese JCD9X UI86003970 TI[Peak expiratory flow (PEF) in normal subjects and patients with bronchial asthma] AUZhong NS EM8601 SOChung Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Hsi Chi Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 8(3) p138-41, 189 MJAsthma; Forced Expiratory Flow Rates; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Body Height; Body Weight; Child, Preschool; Child; China; Circadian Rhythm; Middle Age; Reference Values; Smoking MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0253-2689 LAChinese JCD9X UI86003971 TI[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis: report of 8 cases with pigeon fancier's lung] AUWang HD EM8601 SOChung Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Hsi Chi Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 8(3) p142-5, 189-90 MJAlveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic; Bird Fancier's Lung MNAdult; Bird Fancier's Lung /DT /ET MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0253-2689 LAChinese JCD9X UI86003972 TI[Evaluation of measuring the diameter of the common pulmonary artery by two-dimensional ultrasonic cardiography in the diagnosis of chronic cor pulmonale] AULu ZW EM8601 SOChung Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Hsi Chi Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 8(3) p146-9, 190 MJEchocardiography; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Heart Disease MNAdult; Aged; Anthropometry; Echocardiography /MT; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0253-2689 LAChinese JCD9X UI86003973 TI[Comparative study of the direct measurement and echocardiographic observation of pulmonary pressure in healthy adults and patients with the chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases at high altitude] AUHe ZQ EM8601 SOChung Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Hsi Chi Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 8(3) p150-2, 190 MJAltitude; Blood Pressure; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Heart Disease MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure Determination; Echocardiography; Heart Ventricle /PA; Middle Age; Reference Values MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0253-2689 LAChinese JCD9X UI86003974 TI[Body-plethysmography and its constants] AUMa KF EM8601 SOChung Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Hsi Chi Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 8(3) p153-8, 190 MJPlethysmography, Whole Body MNAdult; Lung Diseases, Obstructive /PP; Middle Age; Reference Values; Smoking MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0253-2689 LAChinese JCD9X UI86003975 TI[Diagnosis and treatment of atelectasis with fiberobronchoscopy: analysis of 374 cases] AUZhou HY EM8601 SOChung Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Hsi Chi Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 8(3) p159-61, 190-1 MJAtelectasis MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Atelectasis /TH; Bronchoscopy; Child; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0253-2689 LAChinese JCD9X UI86003976 TI[T and B lymphocyte transformations of TB patients using the radioisotope incorporated method in vitro] AUZhou KD EM8601 SOChung Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Hsi Chi Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 8(3) p162-4, 191 MJB Lymphocytes; Lymphocyte Transformation; T Lymphocytes; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MNIsotope Labeling /MT MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0253-2689 LAChinese JCD9X UI86003977 TI[Radiographic-pathologic correlative study of 311 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis] AUBai YQ EM8601 SOChung Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Hsi Chi Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 8(3) p165-7, 191 MJTuberculosis, Pulmonary /RA MNDiagnostic Errors; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human IS0253-2689 LAChinese JCD9X UI86003978 TI[Survey of the tuberculosis initiative case-finding method] AUWang JD EM8601 SOChung Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Hsi Chi Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 8(3) p168-71, 191 MJMass Screening; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; China; Infant; Middle Age; Patient Participation; Questionnaires MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0253-2689 LAChinese JCD9X UI86003979 TI[Modes of case-finding of tuberculous patients in rural areas] AUDuo ZL EM8601 SOChung Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Hsi Chi Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 8(3) p172-3, 191 MJMass Screening /MT; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; China; Mass Screening /EC; Middle Age; Rural Health MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0196-4763 LAEnglish JCD92 SBM UI86003980 TIEvaluation of a new blood cell counter with sheath flow system. ABA blood cell counter with a sheath flow system has been developed to eliminate the drawback of the Coulter type blood cell counter, namely, signal distortion caused by the cells passing through the electric aperture gate. With the new system, signal distortion was low and a near-normal distribution curve for erythrocytes and resin particles was obtained. The counter has a computer program for determining the red cell distribution width, which represents an actual size difference at 20% of the relative frequency of the distribution curve. This is independent of mean cell volume, and is considered to be of clinical importance. We examined the values in 2,300 healthy subjects and patients with various hematological disorders. AUTatsumi N; Tsuda I; Fujimoto K; Matsumoto H EM8601 SOCytometry (United States), Sep 1985, 6(5) p395-400 MJBlood Cell Count; Flow Cytometry MNErythrocyte Count /IS; Hematologic Diseases /BL; Leukocyte Count /IS MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0196-4763 LAEnglish JCD92 SBM UI86003981 TIThe optimal application of forward and ninety-degree light scatter in flow cytometry for the gating of mononuclear cells. ABPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from ten normal donors were labeled with a monoclonal antibody specific for monocytes and analyzed using a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). Forward and 90 degrees light scatter parameters were studied in order to apply optimal computerized gating to identify and exclude monocytes from lymphocyte populations. An average of 9.45% versus 1.22% of cells, within chosen lymphocyte gates established by forward angle and 90 degrees scatter, respectively, were identified as monocytes. In samples from ten donors, the exclusion of monocytes from the lymphocyte population was more efficient using 90 degrees scatter than forward scatter. Simultaneous use of forward and 90 degrees scatter did not significantly improve the ability to accurately exclude monocytes, but did result in a significant increase in the improper exclusion of lymphocytes. Use of 90 degrees scatter alone, forward scatter alone, and forward and 90 degrees scatter simultaneously to identify lymphoid cells resulted in the exclusion of 12, 17, and 23% of lymphocytes from further analysis. The 90 degrees scatter alone appears to be the optimal method to eliminate monocytes electronically from mononuclear cell populations in which lymphocytes are being studied. AUThompson JM; Gralow JR; Levy R; Miller RA EM8601 SOCytometry (United States), Sep 1985, 6(5) p401-6 MJCell Separation; Flow Cytometry; Monocytes MNAdult; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Light; Lymphocytes; Middle Age; Monocytes /AN /IM; Scattering, Radiation MTFemale; Human; Male RN3326-32-7 (fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate); 36877-69-7 (rhodamine isothiocyanate) IS0196-4763 LAEnglish JCD92 SBM UI86003982 TIA dual laser analysis of the migration of XRITC-labeled, FITC-labeled, and double-labeled lymphocytes in sheep. ABSubstituted rhodamine isothiocyanate (XRITC) has been used to study lymphocyte migration in sheep. After being labeled in vitro with XRITC, lymphocytes appeared in the efferent lymph of single lymph nodes with the same kinetics as cells labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The recovery of intravenously injected XRITC-labeled cells was followed in lymph for several days. The kinetics and recoveries were compared with data obtained using FITC, chromium-51, and indium-111. XRITC was found to be a suitable label and, using dual laser (argon and krypton) flow cytometry, it could be analyzed simultaneously with FITC. In addition, it was possible to relabel FITC-stained cells with XRITC after they were recovered in lymph. The migratory characteristics of such double-labeled cells were not different from single-labeled cells. AUAbernethy NJ; Chin W; Lyons H; Hay JB EM8601 SOCytometry (United States), Sep 1985, 6(5) p407-13 MJFlow Cytometry; Lymphocytes; Lymph MNCell Movement; Fluoresceins /DU; Kinetics; Lasers; Rhodamines /DU; Sheep; Thiocyanates /DU MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0196-4763 LAEnglish JCD92 SBM UI86003983 TIAnalysis of the expression of cloned HLA class I genes in mouse transfected L cells by quantitative flow cytometry. ABBy using a calibrated cell sorter and monoclonal antibodies conjugated to fluorochromes, a quantitative analysis of the levels of expression of HLA class I molecules at the surface of cloned murine L cells transfected with purified A3, B7, or CW3 genes was performed and compared with radioimmunoassay data. We selected clones of heterogeneous levels of HLA class I expression, which were shown to remain constant over a period of 4 mo in absence of HAT selection and not to be correlated to the DNA copy number of the corresponding integrated gene. AULe Bouteiller PP; N'Guyen C; Lemonnier FA; Jordan BR; Caillol D; Mishal Z EM8601 SOCytometry (United States), Sep 1985, 6(5) p414-21 MJFlow Cytometry; HLA Antigens /GE MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Cell Separation /MT; DNA, Recombinant; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Structural; HLA Antigens /AN; Mice; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Transfection MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 477-30-5 (Demecolcine); 50-89-5 (Thymidine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0196-4763 LAEnglish JCD92 SBM UI86003985 TICell kinetic effects of incorporated 3H-thymidine on proliferating human lymphocytes: flow cytometric analysis using the DNA/nuclear protein method. ABPhytohemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes incorporating high concentrations of 3H-thymidine accumulate in G2 and show a consequent reduction in the number of cells entering M (division delay). The simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of DNA content (propidium iodide fluorescence) and nuclear protein content (fluorescein isothiocyanate fluorescence) allows for the accurate quantitation of these events; G2 and M are separated in the bivariate distributions. A good correlation was observed between mitotic indices, quantitated by manually counting mitotic cells, and integration of the M area in DNA/nuclear protein histograms. Moreover, significant differences in G2 nuclear protein levels were found between untreated and 3H-thymidine-treated lymphocytes. In order to characterize this effect, G2 was empirically divided into low nuclear protein (G2A) and high nuclear protein (G2B) compartments. 3H-thymidine caused an initial accumulation of lymphocytes in G2A, followed within 3-6 h by a gradual movement of some cells into G2B, with a subsequent accumulation of cells in G2B. The results suggest that the distribution of cells in G2 (G2A and G2B), the average nuclear protein content of G2B cells, and the proportion of cells in M are parameters that when used in combination provide a unique description of radiobiological effects. AUPollack A; Moulis H; Greenstein DB; Block NL; Irvin GL 3d EM8601 ID5507RR05363 SOCytometry (United States), Sep 1985, 6(5) p428-36 MJCell Cycle; Interphase; Lymphocytes; Thymidine; Tritium MNCell Nucleus /AN; DNA /AN; Demecolcine /PD; Flow Cytometry; Mitotic Index; Nucleoproteins /AN MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (anthracycline antibiotics); 23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0196-4763 LAEnglish JCD92 SBM UI86003986 TIAnthracycline resistance and consequences of the in situ-in vitro transfer. ABAdriamycin-resistant and normal cells of the sarcoma 180 of the mouse undergo qualitatively different deflections from the in situ state when prepared for an experiment. Resistant cells perform a fast reactive decline in the proliferative activity. They are capable of quiescence as defined by the time needed for the induction of the proliferation. Sensitive cells seem to be unable to quiesce and are only slowed down. These facts must be taken into account in interpretation of similar results. Differences in experiments need not necessarily imply differences in situ. Such in vitro appearing differences between sensitive and adriamycin-resistant cells of the murine sarcoma 180 include the retention of the mitochondria-specific stain rhodamine 123 and the uptake of anthracyclines, both being reduced in resistant cells. After labeling sensitive cells with thymidine in vivo and sorting them according to their rhodamine 123-derived fluorescence, the label was only found in the major, highly fluorescing fraction. A small low-fluorescing fraction remained unlabeled. We were able to demonstrate similar results with labeled anthracyclines applied to both the sensitive and the resistant cells in a short period between the removal of the cells from the ascites and the cell sorting. The adriamycin resistance seems to be joined with the ability of the cells to reduce their proliferative activity following changes to unfavorable conditions in vitro. Quiescent cells of the resistant line demonstrate the ╥anthracycline pump.╙ Substances which are known to increase the sensitivity of anthracycline-resistant cells (TWEEN, verapamil) also shift the cells from low to high rhodamine 123-fluorescence. AUSonka J; Stohr M ; Vogt-Schaden M; Volm M EM8601 SOCytometry (United States), Sep 1985, 6(5) p437-44 MJSarcoma, Experimental MNBiological Transport /DE; Cell Cycle; Culture Media; Doxorubicin /PD; Drug Resistance; Mice; Mitochondria /ME; Naphthacenes /PD; Neoplasm Transplantation; Polysorbates /PD; Rhodamines /DU; Verapamil /PD MTAnimal RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0196-4763 LAEnglish JCD92 SBM UI86003987 TIDifferences between labeling index and DNA histograms in assessing S-phase cells from a homogeneous group of chronic phase CML patients. ABThe reliability of DNA histogram analysis in accurately estimating S-phase cells from human tumors was tested by comparing the results to those of simultaneously obtained tritiated thymidine labeling index (LI) studies. Patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) during chronic phase were selected for study because the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) was the only cytogenetic abnormality in each case and, since it is a balanced translocation, the frequently encountered problem of aneuploidy in human neoplastic cells was avoided. Unfortunately, when 30 CML patients were studied simultaneously by DNA histogram analysis and LI studies, the correlation coefficient between the two results was only r = 0.611. A comparison of three different mathematical programs for DNA histogram analysis showed that none was completely satisfactory. We conclude that DNA histogram analysis does not provide the same data as autoradiographically processed labeling index studies even in patients with Ph-positive CML during the chronic phase when the situation is not complicated by additional aneuploidy. AURaza A; Bhayana R; Ucar K; Kirshner J; Preisler HD EM8601 SOCytometry (United States), Sep 1985, 6(5) p445-51 MJDNA; Flow Cytometry; Leukemia, Myelocytic MNBone Marrow /PA; Cells, Cultured; DNA /BI; Interphase MTHuman RNEC 3.1.- (Ribonucleases); 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl) IS0196-4763 LAEnglish JCD92 SBM UI86003988 TIFlow cytometry of human colorectal tumors: nuclear isolation by detergent technique. ABA simple one-step technique for detergent isolation and DNA staining of nuclei from mouse colon and from human colorectal tumors was investigated. Nuclear yield increased with treatment time, up to 24 h. There were only minor differences when detergent concentrations from 0 to 0.6% were used. The lowest (0.03%) concentration was most effective. No loss of nuclei was effected by cell lysis and no selectivity was observed for isolation of certain cell-cycle phases or ploidy classes from heterogeneous tumors. The nuclei were stable in the stain-detergent solution for 24 h, but lymphocytes were sensitive to the possible proteolytic activity of one of the two commercial RNase preparations. Of the total number of parenchymal nuclei in mouse liver, as estimated by a stereological method, approximately 60% were isolated by the procedure (approximately 0.9 X 10(8) nuclei/g tissue). From mouse colon the average nuclear yield was 1.8 X 10(8)/g, and from human colorectal tumors 0.9 X 10(8)/g (ranges 0.3-1.9 X 10(8]. Microscopic examination of undissolved tissue fragments from the preparation of tumors and mouse colon showed a high selectivity for isolation of epithelial and neoplastic nuclei, leaving the stroma with its nuclei almost intact. AUPetersen SE EM8601 SOCytometry (United States), Sep 1985, 6(5) p452-60 MJAdenoma; Carcinoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms MNAdenoma /PA; Alcohol, Ethyl /PD; Carcinoma /PA; Cell Cycle; Cell Fractionation /MT; Cell Nucleus /AN; Colonic Neoplasms /PA; Colon /AN; DNA, Neoplasm /AN; Detergents /DU; Flow Cytometry; Liver /AN /UL; Mice; Rectal Neoplasms /PA; Ribonucleases /ME; Time Factors MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN8002-74-2 (Paraffin) IS0196-4763 LAEnglish JCD92 SBM UI86003989 TIFlow cytometric analysis of head and neck carcinoma DNA index and S-fraction from paraffin-embedded sections: comparison with malignancy grading. ABArchival, paraffin-embedded, pathology specimens representing pretreatment tissue biopsies from 73 patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck were analyzed for DNA Index and %S-phase cells by flow cytometry and were scored for quantitative histomorphology. The DNA fluorescence/light scatter size patterns derived from paraffin-embedded specimens were shown to be essentially the same as those from mechanically disaggregated, ethanol-fixed cells obtained from the same tissue specimen. Patterns ranged from lymphocyte-like to highly abnormal DNA Index cytokinetic patterns. The DNA Index values ranged from 0.70 to 3.50 (median 1.42), with an aneuploidy frequency of 63/73 (86%). DNA distribution %S ranged from 4% to 45% (mean 19), with the microscopic malignancy grading showing broad heterogeneity (mean 2.1, range 1.0-3.0, where 1.0-1.7 = well differentiated, 1.8-2.3 = moderately differentiated, 2.4-3.0 = poorly differentiated). Cross-comparison of these data showed that (1) the tumor %S was dependent on DNA Index (higher %S at higher ploidy), (2) low to high malignancy tumors were randomly distributed between diploid/near diploid tumors and high-degree DNA abnormality tumors, and (3) proliferative activity values broadly overlapped between low to high malignancy scored tumors. However, those carcinomas characterized by high DNA Index (greater than or equal to 1.50) and high %S-phase fractions (greater than or equal to 20) had a five fold higher incidence of high-degree malignancy, invasive tumors than diploid/near diploid (%S less than or equal to 19) tumors. AUJohnson TS; Williamson KD; Cramer MM; Peters LJ EM8601 IDCA06294; CA16672; CA28771 SOCytometry (United States), Sep 1985, 6(5) p461-70 MJCarcinoma, Squamous Cell /PA; DNA, Neoplasm; Head and Neck Neoplasms /PA MNBiopsy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /AN; Cell Cycle; DNA Replication; Flow Cytometry; Head and Neck Neoplasms /AN; Interphase; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Paraffin MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0196-4763 LAEnglish JCD92 SBM UI86003990 TIDNA image cytometry on machine-selected breast cancer cells and a comparison between flow cytometry and scanning cytophotometry. ABA DNA image cytometry method, implemented on the LEYTAS image processing system, has been applied to acriflavine-Feulgen-stained breast cancer cytology specimens. An essential feature of the LEYTAS image cytometry method (LCM) is the automated selection of single nuclei according to predetermined specifications. Visual interaction has been used to reject remaining artefacts like overlapping nuclei. DNA profiles obtained with LCM have been compared with DNA profiles obtained by scanning cytophotometry (SCM) or flow cytometry (FCM). The resolution of DNA profiles obtained with LCM is similar to that from SCM but lower than that from FCM. However, a high correlation is found for the DNA indices measured with LCM and FCM (r = 0.97). The LCM profiles of aneuploid tumours generally showed lower accessory diploid fractions than FCM profiles due to the automated rejection of leukocyte nuclei. Also, LCM profiles frequently showed the presence of minor subpopulations of highly aneuploid/polyploid tumour cells that could not be identified by FCM. Therefore, LCM appears to be supplementary to FCM for studying tumour cell stemline heterogeneity. AUCornelisse CJ; Van Driel-Kulker AM EM8601 SOCytometry (United States), Sep 1985, 6(5) p471-7 MJBreast Neoplasms; Cytophotometry; DNA, Neoplasm MNAneuploidy; Breast Neoplasms /PA; Cell Cycle; Flow Cytometry; Microscopy, Fluorescence /IS MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 4.1.2.13 (Fructosediphosphate Aldolase) IS0196-4763 LAEnglish JCD92 SBM UI86003991 TISpot-blot analysis of sorted chromosomes assigns a fructose intolerance disease locus to chromosome 9. ABThe aldolase B gene was mapped to chromosome 9 using a rapid gene mapping system. This system uses a dual-laser sorter to identify and separate metaphase human chromosomes stained with either DIPI-chromomycin or Hoechst-chromomycin. Chromosome panels were constructed from a normal cell line by sorting 22 chromosome fractions directly onto nitrocellulose filters. Twelve labeled gene probes hybridized to the sorted chromosomal DNA fractions predicted by previous chromosome assignments. Eighteen newly cloned genes have been mapped using the same protocol. AULebo RV; Tolan DR; Bruce BD; Cheung MC; Kan YW EM8601 SOCytometry (United States), Sep 1985, 6(5) p478-83 MJCarbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12; Fructosediphosphate Aldolase /GE MNChromosome Mapping; Fructosediphosphate Aldolase /DF; Isoenzymes /GE; Nucleic Acid Hybridization MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0196-4763 LAEnglish JCD92 SBM UI86003992 TIDroplet sorting of large particles. ABThe systematics of droplet formation conditions for orifices with diameters up to 200 micron are described. Sorting recovery experiments indicate that particles up to 44 micron in diameter can be recovered by charged droplet deflection of two drops with at least 75% recovery. By reducing the jet velocity, a deflection of greater than 1 cm was obtained for all droplet sizes. AUJett JH; Alexander RG EM8601 IDRR01315 SOCytometry (United States), Sep 1985, 6(5) p484-6 MJCell Separation; Flow Cytometry MNSpectrometry, Fluorescence MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0196-4763 LAEnglish JCD92 SBM UI86003993 TIThe relationship between mean channel selection and the calculated coefficient of variation. ABCalculated coefficients of variation (CV) taken from the quotient of the standard deviation (S.D.) and the mean value of measured distributions are often used as an indicator of system performance in linear flow cytometry (FCM). The ability of the calculated CV to estimate the true CV of the underlying experiment before grouping (channelization) is dependent on the relationship between the width of the data channels and the magnitude of the S.D. of the measured distribution. When the channel width is equal to the S.D. of a distribution, the calculated CV is approximately 20% larger than the true CV of an experiment. By the time the S.D. is only one-half of a channel width, the calculated CV is unreliable. When the distribution S.D. is narrower than a channel's width, small changes in the distribution mean value will cause large variations in the calculated CV. As the true CV decreases, the calculation must be made with higher mean channel values. This dependence of calculated CV accuracy upon the relationship between S.D. and channel width places limitations upon mean channel selection that must be considered when using CV calculations for evaluating system performance, especially when looking for small improvements during optical alignment procedures. When an instrument is assumed to have a constant CV and the data are collected linearly, it is possible to improve the CV estimation accuracy by placing distributions in higher-numbered channels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUSchuette WH; Carducci E; Marti GE; Shackney SE; Eden M EM8601 SOCytometry (United States), Sep 1985, 6(5) p487-91 MJFlow Cytometry MNStatistics IS0196-4763 LAEnglish JCD92 SBM UI86003994 TIA fast cell sampler for flow cytometry. ABA simple device has been developed for delivering samples into a flow cytometer. Designed with economy, simplicity, and flexibility in mind, this device, having only one moving part, can be used for sample volumes as small as 20 microliter, for virtually any form of cell sample container, and for a wide range of cell concentrations. It consists essentially of a lever-operated disc valve that allows the cell sample to be loaded into a loop of tubing and then to be injected into the cytometer nozzle under pressure from a saline source. The sampler has lifted the maximum analytical throughput of a FACS II cell sorter to better than 120 samples per hour. AUBattye FL; Darling W; Beall J EM8601 SOCytometry (United States), Sep 1985, 6(5) p492-4 MJCell Separation; Flow Cytometry MNSpectrometry, Fluorescence /IS MTAnimal; Human RN25486-55-9 (vitamin K(1); 84-80-0 (Phytonadione) IS0379-8305 LAEnglish JCEAF SBM UI86004006 TIPharmacokinetics of vitamin K1 in low-birth-weight neonates. ABThe pharmacokinetics of vitamin K1 was studied in 21 newborn infants. 11 neonates had received no parenteral loading dose prior to the study (group I), while 10 had been injected 5-10 mg vitamin K1 at birth (group II). At postnatal age 2-9 h, 1 mg of vitamin K1 was injected intravenously, and small samples of blood (less than or equal to 500 microliter) were collected at different times during 6 h. Serum vitamin K1 and its epoxide were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In both groups, the disappearance curve showed two exponential components: a fast distribution component during the 1st h and a slower elimination component during the next 5 h. In group I, the plasma half-life of the first component was between 18 and 52 min (median 23 min), and the half-life of the second was between 67 and 179 min (median 109 min). Both half-lives were significantly higher in group II. The volumes of distribution were suggestive of distribution into plasma during the first phase and roughly into the extracellular water for the second component. Epoxide was detected in most patients 15 min after vitamin K1 injection, and after 3 h its concentration was higher than the concentration of vitamin K1. These data suggest that the kinetics of vitamin K1 in neonates is not very different from that in adults. The newborn infant is able to oxidize vitamin K1, a phenomenon in keeping with the gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid. AUSann L; Leclercq M; Frederich A; Bourgeois J; Bethenod M; Bourgeay-Causse M EM8601 SODev Pharmacol Ther (Switzerland), 1985, 8(5) p269-79 MJInfant, Low Birth Weight; Phytonadione /ME MNAdult; Half-Life; Infant, Newborn; Kinetics; Phytonadione /AA /AD; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Human RN58-55-9 (Theophylline) IS0379-8305 LAEnglish JCEAF SBM UI86004007 TIInfluence of continuous gastric suction on theophylline clearance in a newborn. AUBoer HR; Gal P EM8601 SODev Pharmacol Ther (Switzerland), 1985, 8(5) p280-3 MJIntubation, Gastrointestinal; Theophylline /ME MNBradycardia /DT; Infant; Theophylline /AD /TU; Time Factors MTCase Report; Female; Human RNEC 3.1.3. (Nucleotidases); EC 3.1.3.5 (5'-nucleotidase) IS0379-8305 LAEnglish JCEAF SBM UI86004009 TIThyroid-dependent maturation of neonatal brain but not lung epidermal growth factor receptors. ABAlthough the role of thyroid hormones in enhancing lung and brain maturation during the perinatal period is well established, the cellular mechanisms involved in these processes are incompletely understood. Hypothyroidism retards the development of fetal pulmonary insulin, neonatal pulmonary beta-adrenergic and neonatal brain insulin receptors. In this study, we investigated the effect of hypo- or hyperthyroidism on the development of neonatal brain and lung epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. The rabbit pups were rendered hypothyroid by adding 0.05% propylthiouracil to the drinking water starting at 23 days of gestation and thereafter. The neonatal hyperthyroid state was achieved by intramuscular administration of 100 micrograms/kg of synthroid to the rabbit doe on the 29th and 30th day of pregnancy. Neonatal plasma free thyroxine (T4) concentrations were quantitated by a radioimmunoassay. Brain and lung plasma membranes were isolated by differential centrifugation. EGF receptor characteristics were studied using 125I-EGF binding assays and Scatchard analysis. The plasma free T4 concentrations were 0.36 +/- (SEM) 0.02 (n = 6), p less than 0.01 (n = 7) and 1.76 +/- 0.1 (n = 6) ng/dl in the control, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid pups, respectively. The percent specific binding of 125I-EGF to 200 micrograms of brain plasma membrane (BPM) protein was significantly lower in the hypothyroid (0.62 +/- 0.03, n = 7, p less than 0.01), and higher in the thyroxine-treated (1.58 +/- 0.08, n = 6, p less than 0.01) group when compared to control (1.08 +/- 0.06, n = 6) animals. However, the percent specific binding of 125I-EGF to 100 micrograms of lung plasma membrane (LPM) protein was similar in all three groups (2.24 +/- 0.28, control; 2.01 +/- 0.5, hypothyroid, and 2.26 +/- 0.3, hyperthyroid). The number of EGF receptors per milligram of BPM protein (X 10(-10] were lower in the hypothyroid (2.24 +/- 0.03, n = 5) and higher in the hyperthyroid (6.6 +/- 0.02, n = 4) group when compared to control (4.4 +/- 0.05, n = 4) with no apparent difference in Kd. There was no difference in the number of EGF binding sites per milligram of LPM protein (X 10(-10] within the groups (6.6 +/- 0.8, n = 6, control; 7.9 +/- 0.4, n = 4, hypothyroid, and 7.3 +/- 0.3, n = 4, hyperthyroid). Presence of high affinity receptors for EGF in the neonatal brain as well as lung supports the hypothesis that EGF may play an important role in neonatal brain and lung maturation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) AUSadiq HF; Chechani V; Devaskar SU; Devaskar UP EM8601 IDRR05388 SODev Pharmacol Ther (Switzerland), 1985, 8(5) p292-301 MJBrain; Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone; Lung; Receptors, Endogenous Substances; Thyroid Hormones MNBinding Sites; Body Weight; Cell Membrane /ME; Nucleotidases /ME; Pregnancy; Protein Binding; Rabbits MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN58-40-2 (Promazine); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0379-8305 LAEnglish JCEAF SBM UI86004010 TIHemodynamic and acid-base effects of promazine on unanesthetized pregnant sheep and fetus. ABAlthough promazine has been used in obstetrics for over 20 years, its effects upon hemodynamic and acid-base conditions of steady-state pregnant sheep and fetus has not been sufficiently investigated. To study these effects, 10 experiments were performed in 5 ewes and their fetuses. Promazine (1 mg/kg/4 min) was administered intravenously to the ewes. Significant maternal changes included: reduction in hemoglobin from 9.1 +/- 0.43 to 8.4 +/- 0.43 g/100 ml at 120 min, O2 content from 12.1 +/- 0.61 to 10.8 +/- 0.59 vol% at 90 min, O2 saturation from 9.7 +/- 2.58 to 95.4 +/- 2.80% at 15 min, and blood pressure from 86.1 +/- 4.94 to 74.1 +/- 2.55 mm Hg at 45 min. The heart rate increased from 84 +/- 2.64 to 100 +/- 5.03 beats/min at 120 min. The uterine blood flow remained unchanged. The fetus developed mild metabolic acidosis as manifested by the reduction in pH from 7.375 +/- 0.008 to 7.35 +/- 0.005 at 45 min. No other fetal hemodynamic changes were observed. The significance of these findings is discussed. AUAyromlooi J EM8601 SODev Pharmacol Ther (Switzerland), 1985, 8(5) p302-10 MJAcid-Base Equilibrium; Hemodynamics; Promazine MNBlood Pressure /DE; Fetus /DE; Heart Rate /DE; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Oxygen /ME; Pregnancy; Sheep; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Human RN1066-17-7 (Colistin); 20830-75-5 (Digoxin); 50-06-6 (Phenobarbital) IS0379-8305 LAEnglish JCEAF SBM UI86004011 TIClinical pharmacokinetics of changes in drug elimination in children. ABThis review mainly summarizes selected aspects of the present knowledge of drug elimination kinetics independent of developmental changes, with special attention given to clinical situations. The effects of different disease states, drug interactions, changes in urinary pH, induction of microsomal enzymes, competition for renal excretory mechanisms, possible enterohepatic recirculation, binding of drugs to tissues, effects of a drug on another drug's metabolizing organ, and dose-dependent elimination, on increase or decrease of drug elimination rates in children, have been presented. Based on the available data it seems that one may postulate the following conclusions: (1) that the distribution factors as well as changes in drug elimination capacities seem to play a role, perhaps with differing relative importance, during each of the maturational periods; (2) that the physicochemical properties of a drug and its dosage, as well as changes in the volume of distribution in children, in the course of certain disease states may have a significant effect on kinetics of drug disposition in the body; (3) that systemic clearance, a model independent parameter, rather than elimination half-life, a hybrid pharmacokinetic parameter, more accurately reflects elimination of some drugs from the body; (4) that each drug and every clinical situation may require the evaluation of the direct effect on pharmacokinetic processes, since general principles may not always apply; (5) that drug disposition studies should also be performed, if possible, on patients under actual clinical situations and receiving the usual therapeutic regime, and (6) that the half-life of colistin is independent of postnatal age which should serve as a warning not to generalize about drug excretion in the young infant. AUPrandota J EM8601 SODev Pharmacol Ther (Switzerland), 1985, 8(5) p311-28 MJDrugs MNAdult; Antibiotics /ME; Brain Injuries /ME; Child, Preschool; Child; Colistin /ME; Cystic Fibrosis /ME; Digoxin /ME; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Half-Life; Heart Failure, Congestive /ME; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypothermia, Induced; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Kidney /ME; Kinetics; Liver /EN /ME; Nephrotic Syndrome /ME; Nutrition Disorders /ME; Phenobarbital /ME; Reye's Syndrome /ME; Serum Albumin /AN; Urine MCReview MTFemale; Human IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004012 TIRetinopathy in young-onset diabetic patients. ABThe relative importance of duration of diabetes before and after 13 yr of age as a risk factor for retinopathy was investigated using data from 200 persons who were younger than 26 yr of age. These persons were identified in a population-based study of diabetic retinopathy in southern Wisconsin in 1980-1982. Retinopathy was found in 9% of persons who were younger than 13 yr and in 34% of persons who were 13 yr or older and had been diagnosed at or after 13 yr. Presence of retinopathy was more strongly associated with the duration of diabetes after 13 yr of age than before it. AUKlein R; Klein BE; Moss SE; Davis MD; DeMets DL EM8601 IDEY03083 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p311-5 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent; Diabetic Retinopathy /OC MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Diabetic Retinopathy /ET; Epidemiologic Methods; Puberty; Risk; Time Factors; Wisconsin MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004013 TIIncidence of diabetic retinopathy and blindness: a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota. ABAmong the 1135 Rochester residents discovered to have diabetes in the period 1945-69, the prevalence of retinopathy was 2.6% at the time of initial diagnosis. Among those free of retinopathy at diagnosis of diabetes, the subsequent incidence of any retinopathy was 17.4 per 1000 person-years and for proliferative retinopathy alone was 1.6 per 1000 person-years, based on 12,000 person-years of follow-up. The incidence rate of retinopathy was almost three times greater among residents with insulin-dependent (IDDM) than with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM); however, the actual number of retinopathy cases was over four times greater among the more numerous residents with NIDDM. By 20 yr after diagnosis of diabetes, the cumulative incidence of retinopathy approached 70% among IDDM subjects and was 30% and 36%, respectively, among the obese and nonobese NIDDM residents. The epidemiologic patterns for proliferative retinopathy were qualitatively similar to those for nonproliferative retinopathy. The risk of blindness was greater among those with proliferative than with nonproliferative retinopathy but was substantial even for those without retinopathy. Most blindness was caused by factors other than isolated diabetic retinopathy. AUDwyer MS; Melton LJ 3d; Ballard DJ; Palumbo PJ; Trautmann JC; Chu CP EM8601 IDAM-30582 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p316-22 MJBlindness /OC; Diabetic Retinopathy /OC MNAdult; Aged; Blindness /ET; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /CO; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent /CO; Diabetic Retinopathy /ET /PA; Epidemiologic Methods; Middle Age; Minnesota; Risk MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004014 TIThe prevalence of retinopathy is similar in diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis with or without pancreatectomy and in idiopathic diabetes mellitus. ABIn a retrospective study, we compared the prevalence of retinopathy in two groups of 88 diabetic patients (84 men, 4 women) with either diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis (CP-DM group) or idiopathic diabetes mellitus (I-DM group). The patients of these two groups were pair-matched according to age (48.7 +/- 1.1 versus 48.8 +/- 1.0 yr in CP-DM and I-DM groups, respectively; mean +/- SEM), sex, duration of diabetes (7.96 +/- 0.56 versus 8.08 +/- 0.8 yr) and therapy (80 on insulin and 8 on oral hypoglycemic agents in each group). Retinopathy was assessed by bilateral ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus after pupillary dilation in all 176 patients and by fluorescein angiography in 47 patients with CP-DM and 35 patients with I-DM. Forty-one percent of patients in the CP-DM group and 45.5% of patients in the I-DM group had diabetic retinopathy (P greater than 0.5). In each group, patients with retinopathy were older than patients without retinopathy (51.6 +/- 1.3 versus 46.7 +/- 1.8 yr in the CP-DM group, P less than 0.01, and 52.1 +/- 1.5 versus 46.0 +/- 1.2 yr in the ID-M group, P less than 0.01). They had diabetes of longer duration (10.9 +/- 1.0 versus 5.9 +/- 0.6 yr in the CP-DM group, P less than 0.001, and 10.5 +/- 1.0 versus 6.0 +/- 0.6 yr in the ID-M group, P less than 0.001). The prevalence of retinopathy increased parallel to the duration of diabetes in a similar way in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUCouet C; Genton P; Pointel JP; Louis J; Gross P; Saudax E; Debry G; Drouin P EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p323-8 MJDiabetic Retinopathy /OC; Pancreatitis MNAdult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus /ET /PP; Diabetic Retinopathy /ET /PP; France; Middle Age; Pancreatectomy; Pancreatitis /PP /SU; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004015 TIQuantification of early subclinical limited joint mobility in diabetes mellitus. ABLimited joint mobility (LJM) has been described in juvenile diabetic patients by Rosenbloom et al.; similar abnormalities are also present in adult diabetes. This modification may be associated with a high risk of microvascular complications. We tested the use of a goniometer in measuring subclinical joint limitation in 50 adult diabetic patients without overt, i.e., clinically evident, LJM as described by these authors. This diabetic population was compared with 118 nondiabetic adult controls. We found significant changes in hand mobility between the two groups for wrist flexion and extension of the 3rd and 5th fingers (P less than 0.001). Age was correlated to wrist flexion, wrist extension, and proximal interphalangeal flexion of the little finger. Wrist extension correlated with duration of diabetes (r = -0.37, P less than 0.01). Heavy manual activities significantly limited all motions except wrist and 5th finger metacarpophalangeal flexion. Early systematic examination by goniometry may prove to be a sensitive, quantitative, and inexpensive way of detecting joint stiffness at an early stage. AUSlama G; Letanoux M; Thibult N; Goldgewicht C; Eschwege E; Tchobroutsky G EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p329-32 MJDiabetes Mellitus /PP; Joints MNAdult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /PP; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent /PP; Diabetes Mellitus /CO; Dupuytren's Contracture /CO; Middle Age; Movement MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004016 TINeonatal mortality in infants of diabetic mothers. ABTo assess the effects of an educational program emphasizing detection and tight control of maternal glucose levels during pregnancy, the management and outcome of all pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus delivered at a county hospital during two time periods, 1978-1980 and 1981-1983, are compared. The prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy was 1.4% between 1978 and 1980 and 2.6% between 1981 and 1983 (P less than 0.01). The perinatal death rate decreased for infants of diabetic mothers from 100 per thousand deliveries in 1978-1980 to 32 per thousand in 1981-1983 (P less than 0.02). The perinatal death rate for infants of mothers with gestational diabetes was nearly the same as the perinatal death rate for all neonates born in the state in 1981-1983. Congenital anomalies followed by stillbirths were the most frequent causes of perinatal death. AUMcFarland KF; Hemaya E EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p333-6 MJInfant Mortality; Pregnancy in Diabetes MNCalifornia; Epidemiologic Methods; Infant, Newborn; Patient Education; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human RN9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004017 TIAccommodating planned exercise in type I diabetic patients on intensive treatment. ABTo achieve optimal metabolic control in type I diabetic patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple subcutaneous injections of insulin (MSI) appropriate adjustments of the insulin prescription should be made for exercise, which is a normal component of everyday life. The present study describes the responses of seven type I diabetic adolescents treated with CSII and six patients treated with MSI to specific insulin dose changes in anticipation of postprandial exercise. The effect of 45 min of cycle ergometer exercise at 55% VO2 on glucose regulation was studied 2 h after morning insulin and a breakfast meal. To quantify the potential benefit of modifying the insulin dose before exercise, the subjects were studied on five different days in a random order: resting control day, postprandial exercise preceded by the usual dose of insulin, postprandial exercise preceded by one-half of the usual dose of insulin, postprandial exercise preceded by two-thirds of the usual dose of insulin, and postprandial exercise without the usual dose of insulin. In all cases insulin was injected or infused subcutaneously in the anterior abdominal wall. When exercise was performed without changing the usual insulin dose, there was a significant fall in glycemia in both groups, with the nadir occurring after 45 min. In the CSII group, the +/- SEM plasma glucose was 57 +/- 5 mg/dl (P less than 0.05 versus rest) with hypoglycemia occurring in four patients. In the MSI group, the mean +/- SEM plasma glucose fell to 65 +/- 10 mg/dl (P less than 0.05 versus rest) and hypoglycemia occurred in three patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUSchiffrin A; Parikh S EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p337-42 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent; Exertion; Insulin Infusion Systems MNAdolescence; Blood Glucose /ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent /ME; Insulin /BL; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004018 TIProspective evaluation of HDL cholesterol changes after diet and physical conditioning programs for patients with type II diabetes mellitus. ABHigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is known to be low in patients with diabetes mellitus. Low HDL levels are correlated with premature cardiovascular mortality in several major epidemiologic studies and many investigators believe increases in HDL cholesterol may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. We evaluated dietary and exercise interventions in relation to HDL cholesterol in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Sixty-five volunteers were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: diet, exercise, diet plus exercise, or education control. Three months after entering the program, those exposed to the dietary intervention had significant increases in HDL cholesterol. HDL increases for the other two treatment groups did not differ significantly from the education control. AUKaplan RM; Wilson DK; Hartwell SL; Merino KL; Wallace JP EM8601 IDRO1 AM 27901; KO4 00809 NIADDK SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p343-8 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol MNBody Weight; Coronary Disease /PC; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent /DH /TH; Diabetic Diet; Exercise Therapy; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN59763-91-6 (Pancreatic Polypeptide) IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004019 TIPancreatic polypeptide: a marker for lean non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus? ABBoth basal and postprandial pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations were exaggerated twofold in lean NIDDM patients, whereas they were normal in lean IDDM and obese NIDDM patients who were hyperglycemic as a result of partial insulin withdrawal. Insulin infusion from an artificial endocrine pancreas, which resulted in fasting euglycemia and near-normoglycemia postprandially, had no effect on PP responses in any of the diabetic patients. No postprandial PP responses were observed in totally pancreatectomized (TPX) patients. Excessive basal and postprandial concentrations of PP in diabetes appear to be related to both leanness and residual beta cell function and, therefore, potential markers for lean NIDDM. AUService FJ; Koch MB; Jay JM; Rizza RA; Go VL EM8601 IDAM 20973; AM 9953; RR 585 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p349-53 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent; Pancreatic Polypeptide MNAdult; Blood Glucose /ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /BL /DT; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent /DT; Eating; Insulin Infusion Systems; Middle Age; Obesity in Diabetes /BL; Pancreatectomy MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004020 TISelf-monitoring of blood glucose: how accurate are children with diabetes at reading chemstrip bG? ABAccuracy of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) using Chemstrip bG (Bio-Dynamics, Indianapolis, Indiana) was studied in 90 randomly selected children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). For 28 children (mean age 8.3 +/- 3.6 yr) a parent routinely read the Chemstrip at home. The remaining 62 children (mean age 13.7 +/- 2.8 yr) read the Chemstrip themselves. Each child or parent analyzed 20 capillary blood samples using Chemstrips and answered a questionnaire on SMBG. The accuracy of SMBG of the group was high (mean correlation coefficient = 0.89 +/- 0.05), but consistency of measurement was variable (mean standard deviation = 1.90 +/- 0.57) and there was a general tendency to underread Chemstrips (mean y-intercept = 1.05 +/- 1.48; mean slope = 0.80 +/- 0.17). For each subject, 0-65% (mean of 34%) of readings were within 10% of the laboratory measurement, and 17-100% (mean 68%) within 20%. These results indicate that most subjects were fairly accurate in reading Chemstrips; however, analysis of accuracy is useful in identifying individuals who are inaccurate or inconsistent in SMBG. Continuing supervision of SMBG is necessary in children with IDDM. AUClarson C; Daneman D; Frank M; Link J; Perlman K; Ehrlich RM EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p354-8 MJBlood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent; Monitoring, Physiologic; Self Care MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated /AN; Parents; Quality Control MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004021 TIOutpatient management of diabetes mellitus with patient education to increase dietary carbohydrate and fiber. ABThe impact of patient education on dietary fiber intake, diabetes control, and serum lipids was examined in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Customary outpatient personnel and procedures were used to teach three diet plans: the American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet, the ADA diet modified to increase high-fiber, high-carbohydrate foods (IF), and the IF diet supplemented with oat bran (IFOB). A control group was instructed on foot care to provide teaching visits. Fifty-two patients were recruited from an outpatient clinic and studied over a 6-wk period. Subjects were of low socioeconomic status and had completed a mean of 8.3 yr of education. Patients instructed to increase their intake of high-fiber foods reported a doubling of fiber intake and tolerated the diets well. Increased fiber and carbohydrate intake and decreased fat intake were associated with reductions in fasting plasma glucose levels. Increased fiber intake was also associated with reductions in total serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Changes in fiber, carbohydrate, and fat intake were unrelated to changes in weight, serum insulin levels, or hemoglobin A1c levels over the study period. AUStevens J; Burgess MB; Kaiser DL; Sheppa CM EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p359-66 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent /DH; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fiber; Patient Education MNAdult; Aged; Ambulatory Care; Blood Glucose /ME; Cholesterol /BL; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent /BL; Diabetic Diet; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated /ME; Middle Age; Patient Compliance MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004022 TIComplications of insulin pump therapy: the effect of insulin preparation. ABComplications of insulin infusion pump therapy include ketoacidosis related to interruption of insulin delivery and infected infusion sites. To determine if the type of insulin used in insulin pumps is a factor influencing these complications, we compared the occurrence of inflammation and infection at infusion sites and obstruction of infusion tubing in a 6-mo crossover study of 28 patients using two different insulin preparations. The use of buffered purified pork insulin was associated with less infusion site inflammation (P = 0.0039) and infusion set obstruction (P = 0.0215) than use of unbuffered beef-pork insulin. Infected infusion sites occurred less often with buffered pure pork insulin than with unbuffered beef-pork insulin, but the difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that the type of insulin selected for use in insulin pumps influences the occurrence of adverse reactions to insulin pump therapy: buffered purified pork insulin is associated with less infusion site inflammation and infusion set obstruction than unbuffered beef-pork insulin. AUMecklenburg RS; Guinn TS EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p367-70 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /DT; Insulin Infusion Systems; Insulin MNAdult; Cattle; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /CO; Infection /ET; Inflammation /ET; Ketosis, Diabetic /ET; Middle Age; Swine MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004023 TIHigh prevalence of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) among Indians. ABThis article describes the high prevalence of maturity-onset diabetes in the young (MODY) in an Indian clinic population of diabetic patients. MODY appears to be more common among Indians than among Caucasians. Only 27% of MODY patients had definite autosomal-dominant inheritance. In 73% the mode of inheritance was not definite. Microvascular complications were common and macrovascular complications rare. The high prevalence of MODY in this diabetes clinic might suggest an ethnic variation in diabetes. AUMohan V; Ramachandran A; Snehalatha C; Mohan R; Bharani G; Viswanathan M EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p371-4 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent /OC MNAdult; Age Factors; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent /FG; Diabetic Angiopathies /OC; Epidemiologic Methods; Genes, Dominant; India MTFemale; Human; Male IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004024 TIThe effect of blood glucose concentration on labile A1c in diabetic patients. ABWe investigated the magnitude of labile A1c in total A1c measured rapidly by a chromatographic method, and whether or not there was an effect of blood glucose before and after a meal on labile A1c in 94 type I and 178 type II diabetic subjects. There were strong correlations between serum glucose and labile A1c both in type I (r = 0.76, P less than 0.001) and in type II diabetic subjects (r = 0.72, P less than 0.001). These relationships did not change before and after the meal. As labile A1c increased in proportion to blood glucose, it could be calculated from the blood glucose level in simultaneous blood samples. In type I diabetic subjects, below the 100-mg/dl glucose level labile a was negligible, and above 100 mg/dl about 0.35% labile A1c was increased every 50-mg/dl increment of glucose. In type II diabetic subjects, below a 150-mg/dl glucose level labile A1c was in the normal range (0.58 +/- 0.15%), and above the 150-mg/dl glucose level every 50-mg/dl increment of glucose increased about 0.3% of labile A1c. If this process is used, stable A1c can be calculated easily from total A1c and coincident serum glucose, even though labile A1c is not removed by incubation. AUKawahara R; Amemiya T; Komori T; Hirata Y EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p375-9 MJBlood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Eating; Middle Age; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004025 TIGlucose tolerance in granuloma annulare. ABGranuloma annulare (GA) may be associated with glucose intolerance. Twenty-one patients with GA were evaluated. Four patients were found to have frank diabetes mellitus and 2 were excluded from the data analysis because of obesity. The remaining patients and 14 age- and weight-matched controls had oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests (GTT). During the oral GTT the fasting plasma glucose, the 2-h plasma glucose, the area of the glucose curve, the 1-h serum insulin, and the area of the insulin curve were all significantly greater in the GA patients than in the controls. During the intravenous GTT the immediately releasable insulin pool was intact, while the fasting plasma glucose and the area of the glucose curve were greater in the GA patients than in the controls. The data taken together suggest that glucose tolerance may be reduced in GA and that insulin resistance may exist. AUKidd GS; Graff GE; Davies BF; McDermott MT; Aeling JL; Hofeldt FD EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p380-4 MJBlood Glucose; Granuloma; Skin Diseases MNAdult; Diabetes Mellitus /BL /CO; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin Resistance; Skin Diseases /CO MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004026 TIDiabetic nephropathy and proliferative retinopathy with normal glucose tolerance. ABA 61-yr-old man presented with the nephrotic syndrome and normal oral glucose tolerance. Renal biopsy showed the nodular (Kimmelstiel-Wilson) and diffuse glomerulosclerosis lesions characteristic of diabetes. Direct ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography demonstrated a picture of advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The patient had no history of diabetes mellitus and upon testing had normal glucose values in response to an oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin response to an intravenous glucose tolerance test was abnormally low. It is concluded that the nodular glomerulosclerosis lesions and proliferative retinopathy, thought to be specific for diabetes mellitus, may present in the absence of either overt clinical diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. AUChan JY; Cole E; Hanna AK EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p385-90 MJDiabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic Retinopathy MNBlood Glucose /ME; Diabetic Nephropathies /DI /ET; Diabetic Retinopathy /DI /ET; Hypertension /CO; Middle Age; Nephrotic Syndrome /CO MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004027 TIClosing the gap: the problem of diabetes mellitus in the United States. The Carter Center of Emory University. ABDiabetes mellitus is a major public health problem and a leading cause of death, disability, and cost in the United States. We review the epidemiology of diabetes and its complications, the costs of diabetes, and discuss intervention strategies to reduce the burden of diabetes in the United States. EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p391-406 MJDiabetes Mellitus /OC MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Diabetes Mellitus /CO /EC; Diabetic Angiopathies /OC; Diabetic Nephropathies /OC; Diabetic Neuropathies /OC; Epidemiologic Methods; Ketosis, Diabetic /OC; Middle Age; Pregnancy in Diabetes /OC; Pregnancy; United States MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004028 TICommentary on the National Standards for Diabetes Patient Education Programs [editorial] AUZimmerman BR EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p407-8 MJDiabetes Mellitus; Patient Education MNUnited States MTHuman IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004029 TIEffect of stress on blood glucose in IDDM [letter] AUCarter WR; Gonder-Frederick LA; Cox DJ; Clarke WL; Scott D EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p411-2 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent MNBlood Glucose /ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /PX; Stress, Psychological /BL MTHuman RN50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004030 TIRectal glucose administration cannot be used to treat hypoglycemia [letter] AUAttvall S; Lager I; Smith U EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p412-3 MJGlucose; Hypoglycemia MNAdult; Rectum MTHuman IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004031 TIKetoacidosis: alcoholic, not diabetic [letter] AUAftergood DE EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p413-4 MJAcidosis; Ketosis MNAlcoholism /DI; Ketosis, Diabetic /DI MTComparative Study; Human IS0149-5992 LAEnglish JCEAG SBM UI86004032 TI╥Locked in╙ syndrome following prolonged hypoglycemia [letter] AUMikhailidis DP; Hutton RA; Dandona P EM8601 SODiabetes Care (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 8(4) p414 MJDiabetic Neuropathies; Hypoglycemia; Insulin Coma MNSyndrome MTHuman IS0011-5029 LAEnglish JCEAV SBA; M UI86004060 TIAnaerobic infections. Part I. AUFinegold SM; George WL; Mulligan ME EM8601 SODM (United States), Oct 1985, 31(10) p1-77 MJBacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections MNAbscess, Peritonsillar /MI; Antibiotics /TU; Bacterial Infections /SU /TH; Bacteroides Infections /MI /TH; Brain Abscess /MI /TH; Clostridium Infections /MI /TH; Endocarditis, Bacterial /DT /MI; Eye Diseases /MI /TH; Fusobacterium Infections /MI /TH; Gingivitis /MI /TH; Lung Abscess /MI /TH; Mediastinitis /MI /TH; Meningitis /MI; Myocardial Diseases /MI; Neck; Otitis Media /MI; Peptostreptococcus; Pericarditis /MI /TH; Periodontal Diseases /MI /TH; Pneumonia /MI /TH; Respiratory Tract Infections /MI /TH; Septicemia /DT /MI; Sinusitis /MI; Specimen Handling; Stomatitis /MI /TH MTHuman IS0011-5029 LAEnglish JCEAV SBA; M UI86004061 TISpontaneous bacterial peritonitis. ABSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis is an infection of the ascitic fluid of patients who, in general, have severe chronic liver disease. Several variants of this disease exist including bacterascites, culture-negative neutrocytic ascites, and secondary bacterial peritonitis. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is frequently manifested by signs and symptoms of peritonitis although the findings may be subtle; however, occasionally it may be completely without clinical manifestation. The clinician must have a high index of suspicion in order to make this diagnosis at a relatively earlier stage of infection. An abdominal paracentesis is required to make the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. This paracentesis should be performed on all patients who are admitted to the hospital for ascites and should be repeated if there is any manifestation of bacterial infection during the hospitalization. Patients with severe intrahepatic shunting--as manifested by marked redistribution of activity from the liver to the spleen and to the bone marrow on liver-spleen scan as well as patients with an ascitic fluid total protein concentration of less than 1 g/dl--appear to be particularly susceptible to bacterial infection of their ascites. In order to optimize the yield of ascitic fluid culture, it is probably appropriate to inject blood culture bottles with ascites at the bedside immediately after the abdominal paracentesis. The mortality of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis continues to be very high. Perhaps routine admission paracentesis and prompt empiric antibiotic therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin will decrease the mortality of this infection if the Gram stain of the ascitic fluid demonstrates bacteria or the ascitic fluid neutrophil count is greater than 250 cells/cu mm. Repeating the paracentesis after 48 hours of treatment to reculture the fluid and reassess the ascitic fluid neutrophil count appears to be the best way to assess efficacy of treatment. After 48 hours of treatment the ascitic fluid neutrophil count should be less than 50% of the original value if the antimicrobial therapy is appropriate. The optimal duration of antibiotic treatment is unknown; however, until controlled trials provide data regarding duration of treatment it is appropriate to treat with parenteral antibiotics for 10 to 14 days. Research is also needed to determine if there are measures which can be taken to prevent the development of spontaneous peritonitis. AUHoefs JC; Runyon BA EM8601 SODM (United States), Sep 1985, 31(9) p1-48 MJBacterial Infections; Peritonitis MNAdolescence; Adult; Antibiotics /TU; Ascites /CO; Ascitic Fluid /MI /PA; Bacterial Infections /DI /ET /MI /MO /TH; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic /CO; Liver Diseases /CO; Middle Age; Neutrophils /CY; Peritonitis /DI /ET /MI /MO /TH; Prognosis; Recurrence; Risk; Septicemia /ET MCReview MTAnimal; Case Report; Female; Human; Male RN24937-83-5 (Poly A); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen) IS0198-0238 LAEnglish JCEAW SBM UI86004062 TIMolecular cloning of mouse mammary gland kappa-casein: comparison with rat kappa-casein and rat and human gamma-fibrinogen. ABA cDNA clone for kappa-casein mRNA from the lactating mouse mammary gland was isolated and its nucleotide sequence determined. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed a precursor protein with a 21-amino-acid signal sequence and a mature protein of 160 amino acids, the mature mouse protein being 3 amino acids longer than the rat kappa-casein. Northern blot analysis of the lactating rat and mouse mammary gland showed a specific mRNA for rat kappa-casein and two distinct mRNAs for mouse kappa-casein. This result is explained by the presence of two putative polyadenylation sites in mouse kappa-casein cDNA, whereas rat kappa-casein cDNA has only one polyadenylation site. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence and of the deduced amino acid sequence of kappa-casein from mouse with that of the rat showed 85% homology between the two sequences. However, when amino acid sequences of kappa-casein from rat and mouse were compared with ovine kappa-casein, only a 45% homology was observed. Amino acid sequences of kappa-casein from rat, mouse, and sheep were 36.53% homologous with rat and human gamma-fibrinogen. The extent of homology was similar (32%) when nucleotide sequences of corresponding cDNAs were compared. The stretches of homology existing at different regions between the two proteins were more confined toward the amino-terminal half of gamma-fibrinogen. However, when nucleotide sequences were compared, mouse kappa-casein cDNA showed homology only with the second half of the rat gamma-fibrinogen cDNA, i.e., between nucleotides 661-1135. The homology with the human gamma-fibrinogen cDNA spanned over two regions, one between nucleotides 1-328 and the second between nucleotides 591-726.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUThompson MD; Dave JR; Nakhasi HL EM8601 SODNA (United States), Aug 1985, 4(4) p263-71 MJCaseins; Fibrinogen; Mice MNAmino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Poly A /GE; RNA, Messenger /GE; Rats; Sheep; Transcription, Genetic MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Human IS0198-0238 LAEnglish JCEAW SBM UI86004064 TICloning and sequencing of a human 18S ribosomal RNA gene. ABA clone containing an 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene has been isolated from a human genomic library constructed in lambda Charon 4A. This gene was sequenced and found to be 1868 bp long. The sequence divergencies in the human 18S rRNA gene and the previously sequenced mouse and rat genes are found in one G + C-rich region of 110 bp located in the 5' domain of the molecule. Except for this variable region, extensive homology exists among these three mammalian genes. Overall, the human 18S rRNA gene is 98.8% homologous with those of rat and mouse. AUTorczynski RM; Fuke M; Bollon AP EM8601 IDGM-28090 SODNA (United States), Aug 1985, 4(4) p283-91 MJDNA, Ribosomal; RNA, Ribosomal MNBase Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Genes, Structural; Hydrogen Bonding; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Rats; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine); 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) IS0198-0238 LAEnglish JCEAW SBM UI86004066 TIThyroid hormone regulation of thyrotropin alpha- and beta-subunit gene transcription. ABWe studied the effect of thyroid hormone on the transcription of the genes for the alpha- and beta-subunits of thyrotropin (TSH) in thyrotropic tumors (IAK 109D and 109F) carried in hypothyroid mice. Gene transcription was measured in isolated nuclei by allowing completion of RNA chains initiated in vivo in the presence of [alpha-32P]UTP and by hybridization of labeled RNA transcripts to filter-bound plasmids containing alpha or TSH-beta cDNA sequences. Treatment of animals carrying tumor IAK 109D with 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) (5 micrograms/100 g body weight) for 2 hr reduced TSH-beta gene transcription to less than 10% of control levels, whereas alpha RNA synthesis was reduced to 59% of control. The inhibition of TSH-beta gene activity was maintained after 6 hr of T3 treatment, whereas alpha gene transcription rose slightly to 77% of control. The tumor content of alpha and TSH-beta mRNA, determined by dot blot hybridization with 32P-labeled plasmid probes containing alpha or TSH-beta cDNAs, was unchanged after 2 hr of T3 treatment, and each was reduced by approximately 25% at 6 hr. These untreated tumors contained approximately equal amounts of alpha and TSH-beta mRNA. However, the basal rate of TSH-beta gene transcription was threefold greater than that of alpha gene transcription. Treatment of animals bearing tumor IAK 109F with the same dose of T3 for 30 min did not significantly affect alpha or TSH-beta gene transcription, but at 2 hr alpha and TSH-beta RNA synthesis had decreased to 50% and 10% of control values, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUGurr JA; Kourides IA EM8601 IDCA-23185; CA-08748 SODNA (United States), Aug 1985, 4(4) p301-7 MJThyroid Hormones; Thyrotropin MNCell Nucleus /PH; Cell-Free System; Gene Expression Regulation /DE; Macromolecular Systems; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental /PP; RNA, Messenger /GE; Transcription, Genetic /DE; Triiodothyronine /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0198-0238 LAEnglish JCEAW SBM UI86004067 TIStudies on cellular tandemization of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase DNA. ABThe cellular tandemization of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase (tk) gene was studied in tk- mouse fibroblasts after gene transfer by microinjection into the nucleus or by calcium phosphate-mediated transfection. Three different DNA substrates, designed to yield simple integration patterns, were used: a gel-purified 3.6-kb Bam HI fragment containing the HSV tk gene; the same fragment self-ligated; and the 3.6-kb fragment ligated to a Bam HI-cleaved subset of genomic mouse DNA. The genomic DNA of six independently isolated transformed cell lines was analyzed by Southern blotting and the structure of the tk-specific DNA was studied. The data suggest that modifications (mutations, deletions, recombination events, and recircularization, etc.) of the input DNA fragment occur early after its introduction into the cell. Subsequently these structures are multiplied in a directional manner, generating larger arrays of DNA with distinct and regularly repeated areas. These concatemers can eventually be integrated into the host genome. AUCzernilofsky AP; Stabel P; Jung C EM8601 SODNA (United States), Aug 1985, 4(4) p309-18 MJDNA, Viral; Genes, Viral; Herpesvirus Hominis MNCell Line; Chromosome Mapping; Linkage (Genetics); Mice; Microinjections; Plasmids; Recombination, Genetic; Transfection MTAnimal RNEC 4.1.1.39 (Ribulosebiphosphate Carboxylase) IS0198-0238 LAEnglish JCEAW SBM UI86004068 TIMicrocomputer programs for prediction and comparative evaluation of protein secondary structure from nucleotide sequence data: application to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase sequences. ABApple II PASCAL computer programs are described for routine evaluation of protein secondary structures predicted from DNA or amino acid sequence data. The programs predict protein secondary structure using the directional information algorithm of Garnier et al. (1978), and calculate hydrophobicity (Kyte and Doolittle, 1982), hydrophilicity (Hopp and Woods, 1981), hydrophobic moment (Eisenberg et al., 1984b), and secondary structure propensity profiles. The novel feature of these programs is the application of numeric and graphic methods, designed to facilitate detection and characterization of structural similarities/divergences using the aforementioned structural parameters. The use of the programs is demonstrated on a set of sequences from the large and small subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. AUPongor S; Guttieri MJ; Cohen LM; Szalay AA EM8601 SODNA (United States), Aug 1985, 4(4) p319-26 MJComputers; Ribulosebiphosphate Carboxylase MNAntigenic Determinants; Base Sequence; Genes, Structural; Hydrogen Bonding; Protein Conformation; Solubility MTComparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN58-85-5 (Biotin) IS0198-0238 LAEnglish JCEAW SBM UI86004069 TIDetection of specific DNA sequences with short biotin-labeled probes. ABWe have developed a simple, general synthesis of nonradioactive DNA probes in which biotin is attached to the 5'-terminal phosphate of an oligodeoxyribonucleotide 16 bases long via an ethylenediamine or hexamethylenediamine linker. The products are stable under normal hybridization conditions. They hybridize to target DNA as efficiently as the underivatized oligodeoxyribonucleotide. Color development, using a commercially available kit, is complete within 3 hr using the biotin-detection method. The sensitivity of detection of homologous DNA with a probe to which biotin was attached via a hexamethylenediamine linker is about one-tenth of that achieved overnight by autoradiography with the corresponding 32P-labeled probe. AUChu BC; Orgel LE EM8601 IDGM33023-01 SODNA (United States), Aug 1985, 4(4) p327-31 MJBiotin; Nucleic Acid Hybridization MNBase Sequence; Molecular Weight; Phosphorus Radioisotopes MTComparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004070 TIRod-cone interaction in flicker perimetry: evidence for a distal retinal locus. ABThe luminance threshold for the detection of 25 Hz flicker was measured in nine patients with retinal disorders under stimulus conditions that have been shown previously to involve an interaction between rod and cone systems. The disorders studied included congenital stationary nightblindness, X-linked juvenile retinoschisis, hereditary dominant optic atrophy, optic atrophy found in association with neurofibromatosis, retinitis pigmentosa, choroideremia, and an acquired diffuse photoreceptor disorder, all of which involve pathologic changes that are presumed to occur primarily at specific levels of the retina. The results are consistent with a distal (outer) retinal locus for the rod-cone interaction. AUAlexander KR; Fishman GA EM8601 IDEY01792 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 15 1985, 60(1) p3-36 MJFlicker Fusion; Perimetry; Retina; Rods and Cones MNAdolescence; Adult; Choroid; Middle Age; Neurofibromatosis /CO; Nyctalopia /PP; Optic Atrophy /CO /FG /PP; Retinal Diseases /PP; Retinitis Pigmentosa /PP; Uveal Diseases /PP MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004071 TISix cases of central serous choroidopathy induced by systemic corticosteroid therapy. ABWe report 6 cases of central serous choroidopathy (including pigment epithelial detachment in one case) which appeared in the course of systemic corticosteroid administration conducted to cure concurrent general diseases, and in one patient with a steroid-releasing pituitary adenoma. The majority of cases arose within about one month following the administration of more than 200 mg of prednisolon. It is postulated that corticosteroids operate as a kind of stress intervening in the hypophysis-adrenal system, leading eventually to the development of central serous choroidopathy. AUHarada T; Harada K EM8601 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 15 1985, 60(1) p37-44 MJAdrenal Cortex Hormones; Choroid /DE MNAdult; Choroid /BS /PA; Fluorescein Angiography; Middle Age; Retinal Detachment /CI /PA; Retinal Hemorrhage /CI /PA; Uveal Diseases /CI /PA MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004073 TIRetinitis-pigmentosa-like tapetoretinal degeneration in a rabbit breed. ABBy chance, we found a rabbit strain with retinal dystrophy. The eyes of these rabbits were examined by ophthalmoscopy, electroretinography, histology, and cytology--the latter after retina dissociation with papaine. The results suggest this rabbit strain to be a possible animal model for human retinitis pigmentosa. AUReichenbach A; Baar U EM8601 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 15 1985, 60(1) p71-8 MJDisease Models, Animal; Rabbits; Retinal Degeneration /VE; Retinitis Pigmentosa /VE MNDifferential Threshold; Electroretinography; Fundus Oculi; Retinal Degeneration /PA /PP; Retina /PA /PP; Retinitis Pigmentosa /PA /PP MTAnimal IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004074 TIMultiple sclerosis: abnormalities in luminance, chromatic, and temporal function at multiple retinal sites. ABVisual function was assessed in a group of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in a group of matched normal controls. In these patients the disease was relatively mild. For each subject, measures of a range of psychophysical visual functions were carried out at multiple sites in each eye. Previous reports have only included some of these functions. Here, luminance threshold, two-flash resolution, perceptual latency, luminance critical flicker frequency (CFF), and chromatic CFF were all measured. Variabilities of these functions and correlation between chromatic and luminance CFFs were also evaluated. For both the MS group and the normal control group, the correlations between pairs of visual parameters were not overall significantly greater than chance level. The MS group did give a significantly reduced value relative to the normal group for luminance CFF and for the gradient of the plot of chromatic CFF against luminance CFF. This group was then subdivided according to history of visual involvement. The subgroup with previous visual symptoms had significant impairment for luminance threshold, variability of luminance threshold, luminance CFF, variability of two-flash resolution, and for the gradient of the plot of chromatic CFF against luminance CFF. The subgroup without previous visual symptoms showed no significant impairment for any individual parameter, although the gradient of the plot of chromatic CFF against luminance CFF was lower than normal. AUSnelgar RS; Foster DH; Heron JR; Jones RE; Mason RJ EM8601 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 15 1985, 60(1) p79-92 MJMultiple Sclerosis; Retina; Vision MNAdult; Color Perception /PH; Differential Threshold; Flicker Fusion /PH; Light; Middle Age; Reaction Time MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004075 TIElectrophysiological studies on Kirisawa type uveitis (acute retinal necrosis). ABKirisawa type uveitis (acute retinal necrosis) is characterized by a necrotizing retinitis, heavy vitreous opacities, retinal vasculitis, and subsequent retinal detachment. Not only the etiology but also the clinical findings of this disease have not yet been defined. In the preceding year we have seen four patients whose clinical course and findings were similar to each other. In two of them a vitrectomy and an encircling operation have been performed before retinal detachment occurred. This treatment has found to be effective. In all 4 cases electrophysiological examinations were done at various stages of the disease. ERGs following pattern and flash stimuli varied in accordance with retinal changes, while VECPs were less strongly affected as ERGs. Results are discussed referring to fluorescein angiographic findings and ocular changes. AUYamamoto S; Adachi-Usami E EM8601 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 15 1985, 60(1) p93-100 MJUveitis /PP MNAdult; Cerebral Cortex /PP; Electroretinography; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Fluorescein Angiography; Middle Age; Necrosis /PP; Photic Stimulation; Retina /PA; Uveitis /CL /PA MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004076 TIElectrophysiology and inherited retinal disorders. ABAn understanding of electrophysiologic procedures and their application is crucial for evaluating patients with inherited retinal disorders. This review emphasizes the value of electrophysiologic procedures in the differential diagnosis of clinically similar disorders, the evaluation of atypical presentations of known retinal disorders, and the determination of the extent of dysfunction in photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelial disease. It is important for each investigator to assess quantitatively the short-term variability inherent in each electrophysiologic procedure so that meaningful data can be obtained on the natural history of the various inherited retinal disorders being monitored. AUFishman GA EM8601 ID1P30EY01792; EY703802 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 30 1985, 60(2) p107-19 MJElectrophysiology; Retinal Diseases /FG MNDiagnosis, Differential; Electrooculography; Electroretinography; Fundus Oculi; Macula Lutea; Macular Degeneration /DI; Photoreceptors; Pigment Epithelium of Eye; Retinal Diseases /DI; Retinitis Pigmentosa /CL /DI /PA; Rods and Cones MCReview MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004077 TIA new cause for difficulty in seeing at night. ABA syndrome is described in which patients complain of inability to see at night, although their rod and cone thresholds are normal. In such persons the rods, when dark-adapted, elevate cone flicker thresholds by 2 log units or more, and this condition is the basis of their complaint. Patients are often thought to be hysterics or to have congenital stationary night blindness. AUArden GB; Hogg CR EM8601 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 30 1985, 60(2) p121-5 MJNyctalopia MNAdult; Dark Adaptation; Differential Threshold; Flicker Fusion; Nyctalopia /PP; Rods and Cones /PP; Vision MTFemale; Human IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004078 TIThe C-wave in hereditary degenerations of the ocular fundus. ABThe c-wave of the human direct current ERG may give new insights about the involvement of the retinal pigment epithelium in hereditary degenerations. In our single-sweep recordings from 236 alert patients we saw reduced c-waves not only in vitelliforme macular degenerations but also in dominantly inherited drusen, Stargardt's disease, cone dystrophies, and x-linked retinoschisis. In achromatopsia the c-wave was close to normal. The relationship of the b- and c-wave, however, was altered only in Best's disease, cone dystrophy, and x-linked retinoschisis. We postulate that the c-wave when more severely reduced than the b-wave reflects not merely the dysfunction of the pigment epithelium but more precisely whether this retinal layer is involved earlier than the photoreceptors. AURover J ; Bach M EM8601 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 30 1985, 60(2) p127-32 MJElectroretinography; Retinal Diseases MNNerve Degeneration; Pigment Epithelium of Eye /PP; Retinal Diseases /PP MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004079 TIRetinal degenerations and brain abnormalities in infants and young children. ABOf 51 infants and children who presented with visual impairment, developmental delays, and suspected brain abnormalities, 28 (55%) had clinical, electroretinographic, and cranial computed tomographic results indicative of cerebroretinal disorders. This report concentrates on the electroretinographic and psychophysical results from 12 patients who had evidence of progression of both brain and retinal disease. We believe these patients represent human cerebroretinal degenerative disorders that have yet to be completely characterized. AUFulton AB; Hansen RM; Harris SJ EM8601 IDEY 05325; EY 05329 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 30 1985, 60(2) p133-40 MJBrain; Retinal Diseases MNChild, Preschool; Electroretinography; Infant; Nerve Degeneration; Neural Transmission; Photoreceptors /PP; Psychophysics /MT; Retina /PP MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004080 TIElectrophysiological analysis of Stargardt's disease fundus flavimaculatus group. ABStargardt's disease-fundus flavimaculatus has four general distribution patterns in fundus appearance: (1) macular degeneration without flecks; (2) macular degeneration with perifoveal flecks; (3) macular degeneration with diffuse flecks; and (4) diffuse flecks without macular degeneration (Noble and Carr, 1979). Four cases corresponding each to the four subgroups were studied electrophysiologically by our new tests for the cone receptor cell (rapid off-response in the ERG) and for the retinal pigment epithelium (the hyperosmolarity response and the Diamox response). The results of our electrophysiological tests appear consistent with the histological findings by Klien and Krill (1967) and by Eagle et al. (1980), showing that the primary defect of fundus flavimaculatus is in the retinal pigment epithelium. Electrophysiologically, the severity of the disease correlated well with each fundus pattern. AUWakabayashi K; Yonemura D; Kawasaki K EM8601 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 30 1985, 60(2) p141-7 MJElectrooculography; Electroretinography; Retinal Diseases /PP MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Retinal Diseases /CL /PA MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004081 TIElectrophysiological similarities between two eyes with X-linked recessive retinoschisis. ABElectroretinograms (ERG) and electro-oculograms (EOG) were studied in 88 eyes of 44 male patients with X-linked recessive retinoschisis. Differences of fundus appearance, ERG, and EOG between the eyes of each patient were analyzed. Fundus abnormalities were symmetrical in 77.3% of the cases. The amplitude of the ERG a-wave was normal in 26.1% and was abnormally low in 73.9%. The amplitude of the b-wave was below normal in all eyes; thus a small b-wave/a-wave ratio, which is characteristic of X-linked recessive retinoschisis, was observed in every case. The light peak to dark trough (LP/DT) ratio of the EOG was normal in 90.8% of the cases. The relative electrophysiological differences between the two eyes were calculated and showed that a-wave amplitude was not different between eyes in 75.0% of the cases; b-wave amplitude was not different in 77.3% of the cases; b-wave/a-wave ratio was symmetrical in 93.2% of the cases; and the LP/DT ratio was consistent between eyes in 86.8% of the cases. These results suggest that in most cases of X-linked recessive retinoschisis the fundus appearance, ERG, and EOG are similarly affected in both eyes of the patient. AUTanino T; Katsumi O; Hirose T EM8601 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 30 1985, 60(2) p149-61 MJElectrooculography; Electroretinography; Linkage (Genetics); Retinal Perforations; X Chromosome MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Fundus Oculi; Genes, Recessive; Middle Age; Retinal Perforations /PA /PP; Visual Acuity MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004082 TIDisease-specific electrophysiological findings in adult ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Kufs disease). ABTwo adults with mild dementia and a history of memory loss and disequilibrium were seen in the eye clinic following complaints of acuity loss in the 20/30-20/70 (Snellen) range. Results from the fundus examination of one patient were entirely normal; the other showed minimal vascular attenuation and optic atrophy. Electrophysiology was remarkable: (1) Photopic ERG b-waves were reduced, delayed, and showed pronounced oscillations. (2) EOG 'light-rise' potentials were absent or very small. (3) Binocular pattern-VER signals showed addition of the monocular signal. Scotopic ERG signals were normal. Brain biopsy and microscopy showed intercellular, autofluorescent ceroid deposits which provided a clear diagnosis of Kufs disease. Histology of model animal retinal cells show ceroid deposits in cell classes implicated by the human retinal signals. The cluster of electrophysiological results point toward early changes in the pigment epithelium and inner plexiform layer cells as a means of noninvasive diagnosis. AUDawson WW; Armstrong D; Greer M; Maida TM; Samuelson DA EM8601 ID5 R01 EY04460; EY04083 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 30 1985, 60(2) p163-71 MJElectrophysiology; Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis /PP MNAdult; Dark Adaptation; Electrooculography; Electroretinography; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Fundus Oculi; Middle Age; Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis /PA MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004083 TIMenkes' kinky hair disease: clinical and experimental study. ABA pedigree of Menkes' kinky hair disease (MKHD) is reported. One patient of this family who underwent copper treatment was followed for three years with fundus examinations and ERG measurement. The blood copper level remained normal after six months of age, when intravenous treatment was switched from cupric acetate to cupric sulfate. Optic nerve atrophy and decrease in amplitude of the ERG were observed at three years of age. In an experiment using mouse models of MKHD (macular mouse mutant, Moml), we compared the affected mice that received copper treatment with normal mice. However, there was no difference between them in ERG responses, number of ganglion cells, or thickness of retinal layers. These results support the possibility of prolonged survival and maintained vision in the patients of MKHD by earlier normalization of the copper level. AUWatanabe I; Watanabe Y; Motomura E; Nishimura M; Yazaki M EM8601 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 30 1985, 60(2) p173-81 MJBrain Diseases, Metabolic; Kinky Hair Syndrome MNElectroretinography; Fundus Oculi; Infant; Kinky Hair Syndrome /PA /PP; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice /GE; Optic Atrophy /PA; Pedigree; Retinal Ganglion Cells /PA MTAnimal; Case Report; Female; Human; Male IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004084 TIHereditary retinal degeneration in the Abyssinian cat: correlation of ophthalmoscopic and electroretinographic findings. ABOphthalmoscopic and electroretinographic (ERG) findings were correlated in a group of Abyssinian cats affected by a slowly progressive and hereditary retinal degenerative disease. According to ophthalmoscopic findings the disease was divided into stages. At stage 1 and 2 retinal changes were minor; showing a gray discoloration most often in the peripheral and midperipheral tapetal fundus. At stage 3 discoloration was generalized and there was marked vascular attenuation. A generalized retinal atrophy was found at stage 4. ERG recordings showed an abnormally depressed stimulus response curve for the b-wave at stage 1 of disease when 30-Hz cone flicker responses were indistinguishable from normal. With progression of disease there was a successive decrease of a- and b-wave amplitudes before there was a significant reduction also of the c-wave amplitude (first seen at stage 3). The ERG was nonrecordable at stage 4. These findings suggest that the photoreceptors are affected primarily by the disease, before there is a functional involvement also of the pigment epithelium. The rod system seems to be affected early in the disease as compared with the cone system. A staging of the disease by ophthalmoscopy correlated more to the function of the rods than to that of the cones. AUNarfstrom K ; Nilsson SE EM8601 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 30 1985, 60(2) p183-7 MJRetinal Degeneration MNCats /GE; Differential Threshold; Electroretinography; Fundus Oculi; Ophthalmoscopy; Photic Stimulation; Retinal Degeneration /PA /PP MTAnimal IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004085 TIDark- and light-adapted visual evoked cortical potentials in retinitis pigmentosa. ABFifty patients with all genetic types of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) were tested with the visually evoked cortical potential (VECP) by full-field flashes of blue and red light in the dark-adapted state and white light flashes in the light-adapted state. VECPs were recorded in all but one of these patients, even those with only a few degrees of central visual field remaining. In a subgroup of patients the absence of the VECP to blue light, dark-adapted, was correlated with a final dark-adapted threshold at or above cone threshold. These observations suggest that the VECP may be a useful objective method of assessment of patients with RP especially patients without detectable ERGs. AUJacobson SG; Knighton RW; Levene RM EM8601 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 30 1985, 60(2) p189-96 MJAdaptation, Physiological; Dark Adaptation; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Light; Retinitis Pigmentosa; Visual Cortex MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Electroretinography; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004086 TIRecording neuromagnetic fields in retinitis pigmentosa. ABAfter stimulation of the left and right half-fields, it is possible to record contralateral visually evoked neuromagnetic fields (VEF) without any reference to the size of the half-field stimulus display. The test reacts extremely sensitively upon each shifting of the half field into the periphery to the left or right. By application of half-field pattern stimuli of an extremely high or low spatial frequency, characteristic deviation angles are obtained for both the spatial frequencies after evaluation of the VEF amplitudes. By this method the foveal acuity in RP can be investigated with an objective procedure to a very high degree of accuracy. AUSchmidt B; Blum T EM8601 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 30 1985, 60(2) p197-201 MJFovea Centralis; Macula Lutea; Magnetics; Retinitis Pigmentosa MNMethods; Photic Stimulation; Scotoma /PP MTHuman IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004087 TIRod-cone interactions in the ERG of a patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome. ABDuring routine ERG testing of a patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome, we encountered an ERG anomaly not previously reported. A white flash which produced a response during light adaptation would produce no ERG when the retina was dark-adapted. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are discussed. AUHarrison JM; Van Heuven WA EM8601 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 30 1985, 60(2) p203-9 MJLaurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome /PP; Rods and Cones MNAdult; Dark Adaptation; Electroretinography; Fluorescein Angiography; Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome /PA MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004088 TISelective abnormality of the cone B-wave in a patient with retinal degeneration. ABA 44-year-old woman with midperipheral pigmentary changes that resemble retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is described; unlike typical patients with RP, her photopic b-wave was markedly attenuated as compared with her photopic a-wave. Otherwise, her electroretinogram (ERG) was typical of patients with early stages of photoreceptor degeneration. Scotopic and photopic a-wave amplitudes were reduced about 50%; her scotopic b/a appeared normal. AUYoung R; Price J; Gorham N; Cowart M EM8601 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 30 1985, 60(2) p211-8 MJRetinal Degeneration; Rods and Cones MNAdaptation, Physiological; Adult; Dark Adaptation; Electroretinography; Light; Photic Stimulation /MT MTCase Report; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0012-4486 LAEnglish JCEBF SBM UI86004089 TITemporal aspects of the electroretinogram in cone-rod dystrophy. ABTwelve patients with cone-rod dystrophy were studied in terms of the temporal aspects of electroretinography (ERG). The peak time of scotopic b-wave was within normal limits in all patients, while the amplitude was reduced in nine patients. The normal peak time of the scotopic-b wave may help explain rod involvement with normal or only slightly elevated final rod thresholds of subjective dark adaptation. The peak time of photopic b-wave and 30-Hz flicker response was normal in four patients and significantly delayed or nonrecordable in eight patients. Such variations of peak time in photopic and 30-Hz flicker ERG may reflect the stage of the disease or may be caused by the different hereditary mode. AUHoriguchi M; Miyake Y; Yagasaki K; Ichikawa K EM8601 SODoc Ophthalmol (Netherlands), Aug 30 1985, 60(2) p219-27 MJRods and Cones MNAdult; Dark Adaptation; Electroretinography; Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Middle Age; Reaction Time; Retinal Diseases /PA /PP; Rods and Cones /PP MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004090 TI[Possible mechanisms of the occurrence of new loci of defective endogenous proviruses] AUTikhonenko AT; Chernov MV; Obukh IB; Gudkov AV TT[Vozmozhnye mekhanizmy vozniknoveniia novykh lokusov defektnykh endogennykh provirusov.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 282(5) p1259-62 MJChromosome Mapping; Crossing Over (Genetics); Defective Viruses; Genes, Viral MNAvian Leukosis-Sarcoma Viruses /GE; Chickens; DNA, Viral /GE; DNA /GE; Gene Amplification; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Variation (Genetics) MTAnimal RN9004-22-2 (Globin); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004092 TI[Transcription of globin genes in native and reconstituted chromatin of erythroid cells] AUPereslein TIu; Mavletova DA; Rozinova EN; Dvorkin GA TT[Transkriptsiia globinovykh genov na nativnom i rekonstruirovannom khromatine eritroidnykh kletok.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 282(5) p1267-71 MJChromatin; Erythrocytes; Globin /GE; Transcription, Genetic MNCell Transformation, Viral; Cells, Cultured; DNA /GE; Globin /BL /ME; Mice; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; RNA, Messenger /GE; RNA /BI /GE; Rauscher Virus; Spleen /CY MTAnimal; Comparative Study RNEC 2.7.7.6 (RNA Polymerases) IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004093 TI[Effect of space flight on the RNA-synthesizing apparatus of the rat liver in the matern-fetal system] AUMakeeva VF; Komolova GS; Egorov IA; Serova LV TT[Vliianie kosmicheskogo poleta na RNK-sinteziruiushchii apparat pecheni krys v sisteme mat'-plod.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 282(5) p1272-4 MJLiver; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; RNA; Space Flight MNAnimals, Newborn; Fetus /EN; Pregnancy; RNA Polymerases /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; USSR MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female RN127-07-1 (Hydroxyurea) IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004094 TI[Preferential initiation of unscheduled DNA synthesis on areas associated with the nuclear matrix] AUBezlepkin VG; Malinovskii IuIu ; Velcovsky V ; Gaziev AI TT[Preimushchennaia initsiatsiia vneplanovogo sinteza DNK na uchastkakh, assotsiirovannykh s iadernym matriksom.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(2) p461-4 MJCell Nucleus /ME; DNA, Neoplasm MNCell Nucleus /DE /RE; DNA Repair /DE /RE; DNA, Neoplasm /RE; Drug Resistance /RE; Gamma Rays; Hydroxyurea /PD; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental /ME; Liver /DE /ME /RE; Rats; Ultraviolet Rays MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN9002-18-0 (Agar) IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004095 TI[Formation of space-ordered structures in colonies of motile bacteria on agar] AUBudrene EO TT[Obrazovanie prostranstvenno uporiadochennykh struktur v koloniiakh podvizhnykh bakterii na agare.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(2) p470-3 MJEscherichia Coli MNAgar; Culture Media; Escherichia Coli /GD; Movement RNEC 1.16.3.1 (Ceruloplasmin) IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004096 TI[Isolation and characteristics of a protein similar to ceruloplasmin from the serum of a patient with hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson-Konovalov disease)] AUVerbina IA; Puchkova LV TT[Vydelenie i kharakteristika belka, podobnogo tseruloplazminu, iz syvorotki bol'nogo gepatolentikuliarnoi degeneratsiei (bolezn'iu Vil'sona-Konovalova).] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(2) p478-80 MJCeruloplasmin /IP; Hepatolenticular Degeneration MNCeruloplasmin /AN; Chemistry, Physical; Chromatography, Affinity; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Immunoelectrophoresis; Isoelectric Focusing MTComparative Study; Human RNEC 2.4.1. (Hexosyltransferases) IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004097 TI[Partial purification of the polymerase of O-specific polysaccharide in Salmonella anatum] AUKalinchuk NA; Druzhinina TN; Shibaev VN TT[Chastichnaia ochistka polimerazy O-spetsificheskogo polisakharida Salmonella anatum.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(2) p480-2 MJHexosyltransferases; Polysaccharides, Bacterial /IP; Salmonella MNCell Membrane /EN; Methods; Polysaccharides, Bacterial /BI MTComparative Study RN1746-01-6 (Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin); 50-32-8 (Benzo(a); 56-49-5 (Methylcholanthrene); 9035-50-1 (cytochrome P-448) IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004098 TI[Participation of cytochrome P-448 in 3,4-benzopyrene metabolism during induction by different xenobiotics in inbred mouse strains] AUMishina DV; Mishin VM; Liakhovich VV TT[Uchastie tsitokhroma P-448 v metabolizme 3,4-benzpirena pri induktsii myshei inbrednykh linii razlichnymi ksenobiotikami.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(2) p487-9 MJBenzo(a)pyrene; Cytochromes; Mice, Inbred AKR; Mice, Inbred C57BL MNAntibodies /IM; Benzo(a)pyrene /PD; Cytochromes /IM; Enzyme Induction /DE; Immunization; Methylcholanthrene /PD; Mice; Microsomes, Liver /DE /EN /IM; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); 64-99-3 (Etimizol) IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004099 TI[Action of the memory stimulant etimizol on brain chromatin] AUBeliavtseva LM; Kulikova OG; Razumovskaia NI; Borodkin IuS TT[Deistvie stimuliatora pamiati etimizola na khromatin mozga.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(2) p490-2 MJBrain; Chromatin; Etimizol; Imidazoles; Memory MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium /ME; Brain /ME; Chromatin /ME; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; RNA /BI; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004100 TI[Evaluation of the intensity of endogenous lipid peroxidation in human beings under hyperbaric oxygenation] AUOrlov ON; Prilipko LL; Rodionov VV; Demurov EA; Kagan VE TT[Otsenka intensivnosti endogennogo perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov u liudei pri giperbaricheskoi oksigenatsii.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(2) p493-6 MJHyperbaric Oxygenation; Lipid Peroxides MNAdult; Breath Tests; Chromatography, Gas; Middle Age; Oxidation-Reduction; Partial Pressure; Pentanes /AN; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN52-24-4 (Thio-Tepa); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004101 TI[Mass spectrometric study of thiophosphamide interaction with nucleic acid bases] AUSukhodub LF; Shekovskii VS ; Kosevich MV; Piatigorskaia TL; Zhilkova OIu TT[Mass-spektrometricheskoe issledovanie vzaimodeistviia tiofosfamida s osnovaniiami nukleinovykh kislot.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(3) p714-6 MJDNA /PD; Thio-Tepa /PD MNAlkylation; Base Composition; DNA /AN; Drug Interactions; Methylation; Spectrum Analysis, Mass; Thio-Tepa /AN RNEC 3.2.1. (Amylases); EC 3.4. (Peptide Hydrolases); EC 3.4.22.2 (Papain); 37338-91-3 (terrilytin) IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004102 TI[Extracellular proteinase inhibitor of peptide nature in Streptomyces bikiniensis 17-5] AUUlezlo IV; Kuropatkina NA; Shul'gina MV; Alakhov VIu; Bezborodov AM TT[Vnekletochnyi ingibitor proteinaz peptidnoi prirody Streptomyces bikiniensis 17-5.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(3) p717-9 MJPeptides /IP; Protease Inhibitors /IP; Streptomyces MNAmylases /AI; Drug Combinations /AI; Molecular Weight; Papain /AI; Peptide Hydrolases /AI; Peptides /AN; Protease Inhibitors /AN; Trypsin Inhibitors /AN /IP RN27061-78-5 (Alamethicin) IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004103 TI[Action of alamethicin on the coupling membrane of mitochondria] AUShol'ts KF; Aliverdieva DA; Kotel'nikova AV TT[Deistvie alametitsina na sopriagaiushchuiu membranu mitokhondrii.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(3) p723-7 MJAlamethicin; Antibiotics; Intracellular Membranes; Mitochondria, Liver MNCell Membrane Permeability /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Intracellular Membranes /ME; Kinetics; Mitochondria, Liver /ME; Mitochondrial Swelling /DE; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Rats; Uncoupling Agents MTAnimal IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004104 TI[Population genetics analysis of the human electroencephalogram] AUAnokhin AP; Ata-Muradova FA; Dubinin NP; Zhivotovskii LA TT[Populiatsionno-geneticheskii analiz elektroentsefalogrammy cheloveka.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(3) p731-4 MJElectroencephalography; Genetics, Population MNAdolescence; Adult; Brain /PH; Ethnic Groups; Genes, Dominant; Phenotype; Turkmen S.S.R. MTFemale; Human; Male IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004105 TI[Possible control of cardiac rhythm by voluntary change in respiratory rate] AUPokrovskii VM ; Abushkevich VG; Dashkovskii AI ; Shapiro SV TT[Vozmozhnost' upravleniia ritmom serdtsa posredstvom proizvol'nogo izmeneniia chastoty dykhaniia.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(3) p738-40 MJHeart Rate; Respiration MNAdult; Electrocardiography; Photic Stimulation; Respiratory Function Tests MTFemale; Human RN9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004106 TI[In vivo displacement of an antigen from its complex with a carrier polymer removes its immunogenicity] AUPetrov RV; Kabanov VA; Khaitov RM; Mustafaev MI; Norimov ASh TT[Vytesnenie in vivo antigena iz kompleksa s polimerom-nositelem lishaet ego immunogennosti.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(3) p744-8 MJAntigens; Polymers; Serum Albumin, Bovine MNAntibody-Producing Cells /DE /IM; Chemistry, Physical; Heparin /IM; Immunization; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice; Spleen /DE /IM; Time Factors MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004107 TI[Participation of the pInt lambda 1 intmid in enhancing UV resistance and UV-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli: the integrative-replication mechanism of the process] AUAleshkin GI; Skavronskaia AG TT[Uchastie intmidy pInt lambda 1 v povyshenii UF-rezistentnosti i UF-indutsirovannogo mutageneza u Escherichia coli: integrativno-replikatsionnyi mekhanizm protsessa.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(4) p1003-7 MJDNA Replication; DNA, Bacterial /RE; Escherichia Coli; Mutation; Plasmids; Radiation Tolerance; Ultraviolet Rays MNChromosomes, Bacterial /RE; DNA, Bacterial /GE; Escherichia Coli /RE; Genes, Bacterial /RE; Genetic Vectors /RE IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004108 TI[Detection and molecular genetic characterization of the c-Ha-ras 1 oncogene in human breast cancer, malignant melanoma and neuroblastoma] AUKniazev PG; Schafer R; Willecke K; Seits IF TT[Obnaruzhenie i molekuliarno-geneticheskaia kharakteristika onkogena c-Ha-ras 1 v rake molochnoi zhelezy, zlokachestvennoi melanome i neiroblastome cheloveka.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(4) p1011-3 MJBreast Neoplasms; Melanoma; Neuroblastoma; Oncogenes MNCell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; DNA, Neoplasm /GE; Genetic Technics; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Proto-Oncogenes; Transfection MTAnimal; Female; Human IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004109 TI[DNA nucleotide sequence of the actinomycete plasmid pSB24.2] AUBolotin AP; Sorokin AV; Aleksandrov NN; Danilenko VN; Kozlov IuI TT[Nukleotidnaia posledovatel'nost' DNK aktinomitsetnoi plazmidy pSB24.2.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(4) p1014-7 MJDNA, Bacterial; Plasmids; Streptomyces MNBase Sequence; DNA, Bacterial /GE; Genes, Bacterial; Molecular Weight; Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes /AN /GE; Streptomyces /ME RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium) IS0002-3264 LARussian JCEBK SBM UI86004110 TI[Amino acid sequence of the 17 kDa fragment from the cytoplasmic region of the alpha-subunit of Na+, K+-ATPase] AUOvchinnikov IuA; Monastyrskaia GS; Arsenian SG; Broude NE; Petrukhin KE TT[Aminokislotnaia posledovatel'nost' 17 kDa fragmenta tsitoplazma-ticheskoi oblasti al'fa-sub╥edinitsy Na+, K+-ATFazy.] EM8601 SODokl Akad Nauk SSSR (USSR), 1985, 283(5) p1278-80 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /GE; Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Catalysis; Cytoplasm /EN; Genes, Structural; Kidney Medulla /EN; Molecular Weight; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Swine MTAnimal RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 525-66-6 (Propranolol) IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004111 TI[Therapeutic effect of nifedipine in the treatment of systemic hypertension] AUZhang TJ; Du CL; Lin RL EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p102-5, 157 MJHypertension; Nifedipine MNAdult; Aged; Diuretics /TU; Drug Therapy, Combination; Middle Age; Propranolol /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004112 TI[Electrotonic modulation of T wave changes in 37 patients with pacemakers] AUQi WH EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p106-8 MJCardiac Pacing, Artificial; Electrocardiography; Heart Block; Sick Sinus Syndrome MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004113 TI[Intra-atrial block] AUZheng C EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p109-11 MJHeart Block MNAdult; Child, Preschool; Electrocardiography; Heart Atrium; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004114 TI[Evaluation of the conduction function in complete atrioventricular block patients with implanted pacemakers, by external chest stimulation] AUQian JN EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p112-4 MJCardiac Pacing, Artificial; Heart Block; Heart Conduction System MNAdult; Aged; Electric Stimulation; Evaluation Studies; Middle Age; Thorax MTFemale; Human; Male IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004115 TI[The variance in cardiac parameters after long-term physical labor] AUShen WP EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p115-7 MJHeart /PH; Occupational Medicine MNAdult; Anthropometry; Echocardiography; Heart /AH MTComparative Study; Human; Male IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004116 TI[Analysis of arrhythmia and ST-T wave changes in 324 cases of COPD patients in the Qinghai highlands] AUHao CZ EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p118 MJArrhythmia; Electrocardiography; Pulmonary Heart Disease MNAltitude; China; Myocardium /PA; Necrosis /ET; Pulmonary Heart Disease /PP MTFemale; Human; Male IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004117 TI[Persistent left superior vena cava draining into the coronary sinus diagnosed by contrast echocardiography: a case report] AUZhang HJ EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p119-20 MJEchocardiography; Vena Cava, Superior MNAdult; Coronary Vessels /PA; Vascular Diseases /DI; Veins MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004118 TI[Evaluating calcification in coronary arteries using TV fluoroscopy] AUHe GH; Fang DL EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p121 MJCalcinosis; Coronary Disease MNAged; Fluoroscopy; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004119 TI[Relationship between adolescent blood pressure and various factors] AUXue YJ EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p126-8 MJBlood Pressure; Hypertension MNAdolescence; Body Height; Body Weight; Cholesterol /BL; Cross Sectional Studies; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol /BL; Triglycerides /BL MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004120 TI[Experimental research of papillary muscle infarction] AUXia JL; Tao P; Lu Y EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p129-31, 157-8 MJMyocardial Infarction; Papillary Muscles MNCoronary Vessels /SU; Ligation; Rabbits MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004121 TI[Comparative study of the recovery processes of left ventricular pump function and myocardial contractility after experimental myocardial infarction] AUHan QD; Du XJ EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p132-4, 158 MJMyocardial Contraction; Myocardial Infarction /PP MNHeart Function Tests; Heart Ventricle /PP; Myocardial Infarction /PA; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004122 TI[A specific method of suppressing sinoatrial nodal automaticity] AUCai YY EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p135-6 MJSinoatrial Node; Verapamil /PD MNDogs; Electrocardiography; Verapamil /AD MTAnimal RN7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride) IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004123 TI[Experimental study on phasic conduction block] AUDeng LY; Li GS; Gao HY EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p137-40, 158 MJHeart Block /PP MNElectrocardiography; Electrophysiology; Heart Block /CI /ET; Heart Rate; Potassium Chloride; Rabbits MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004124 TI[Anatomical study of the coronary arteries in Tibetans] AULi JB; Jiao HJ; Ma SC EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p141-43, 158-9 MJCoronary Vessels MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Anthropometry; China; Coronary Vessel Anomalies /PA; Coronary Vessels /PA; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (pyrolytic carbon); 7440-44-0 (Carbon) IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004125 TI[Mitral valve replacement with the Shanghai-made tilting disc prosthesis: a report of 222 consecutive cases] AUCai YZ; Zhang BR; Chen RK EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p81-3, 156 MJHeart Valve Prosthesis; Mitral Valve MNAdolescence; Adult; Carbon; Child; Heart Valve Prosthesis /MO /NU; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004126 TI[Multiple valve replacement: 59 cases] AURen CY; Shi MX; Wang MS EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p84-6, 156 MJAortic Valve; Bioprosthesis; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Mitral Valve; Tricuspid Valve MNAdult; Heart Valve Diseases /SU; Heart Valve Prosthesis /MO /NU; Middle Age; Prognosis MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004127 TI[Postoperative endocarditis after pericardial prosthetic valve replacement: 6 cases] AUFeng ZR; Wang YS; Wang YW EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p87-9, 156 MJBioprosthesis; Endocarditis, Bacterial /ET; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Mitral Valve MNAdult; Endocarditis, Bacterial /DI /TH; Postoperative Complications MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004128 TI[74 cases of mitral valve replacement using porcine prosthesis] AUZheng XL EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p90-2 MJBioprosthesis; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Mitral Valve MNAdolescence; Adult; Evaluation Studies; Heart Valve Prosthesis /AE /MO; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (factor VIII related antigen) IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004129 TI[Clinical significance of plasma factor VIII-correlating antigen in valve replacement patients] AUWeng WQ EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p93-4 MJAntigens; Bioprosthesis; Factor VIII /IM; Heart Valve Prosthesis MNAdolescence; Adult; Factor VIII /AN; Heart Valve Diseases /IM /SU; Thrombosis /PC MTFemale; Human; Male IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004130 TI[Pseudosupernormal conductivity in atrioventricular conduction] AUYan HC; Zhuang YC EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p95-8, 157 MJHeart Block; Heart Conduction System MNAdult; Aged; Electrocardiography; Electrophysiology; Middle Age; Wedensky Inhibition MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0253-3758 LAChinese JCEBN UI86004131 TI[Conduction disorders in the early postoperative period after open-heart surgery] AUQian BY; Guo JQ; Chen X EM8601 SOChung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan Ping Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 13(2) p99-101, 157 MJHeart Block; Heart Surgery MNCoronary Disease /SU; Heart Block /OC; Heart Defects, Congenital /SU; Postoperative Complications MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN36505-84-7 (buspirone) IS0012-6578 LAEnglish JCEBU SBM UI86004132 TIBuspirone: a new type of anxiolytic. ABBuspirone is a member of a new class of agents known as azaspirodecanediones, and represents the first nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic to be introduced in the U.S. in recent years. It does not resemble the benzodiazepines or older anxiolytics such as meprobamate and the barbiturates in pharmacologic profile. Buspirone lacks anticonvulsant activity, interacts minimally with central nervous system depressants such as alcohol, and does not cause muscle relaxation. The drug is reported to have minimal sedating effect, to cause no impairment of driving-related skills, and to have no euphoriant effect or addictive potential. With this low side-effect profile, buspirone should not require Drug Enforcement Agency scheduling controls. Clinical trials indicate buspirone is efficacious in the treatment of mild to moderate anxiety disorders. Answers to questions of possible side effects related to dopaminergic intractions must await post-marketing experience. Buspirone is a suitable addition to drug formularies as its pre-marketing data suggest several advantages compared with anxiolytics currently available. AUDommisse CS; DeVane CL EM8601 SODrug Intell Clin Pharm (United States), Sep 1985, 19(9) p624-8 MJPyrimidines /TU; Tranquilizing Agents, Minor /TU MNAnxiety /DT; Biopharmaceutics; Drug Interactions; Formularies; Kinetics; Pyrimidines /AE /ME /TO; Tranquilizing Agents, Minor /AE /ME /TO MCReview MTAnimal; Human RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II) IS0012-6578 LAEnglish JCEBU SBM UI86004133 TIAlternative pharmacologic approaches to the initial management of hypertension. ABRecent clinical trials in hypertension report more deaths due to coronary heart disease in mild hypertensives who received aggressive antihypertensive drug therapy and achieved better blood pressure control. Subset analyses of these trials suggest that diuretic therapy may have contributed to this outcome, possibly through a reduction in serum potassium or an elevation in serum lipids. Because of this, patients with an abnormal pretreatment electrocardiogram, history of myocardial infarction, unstable coronary heart disease, or diuretic-induced hyperlipidemia or hypokalemia unresponsive to management are candidates for alternative antihypertensive agents. A review of the literature suggests that most of the currently available beta-blockers, the alpha 1-antagonist prazosin, the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, and the vasodilator hydralazine are effective alternatives to thiazide therapy in the initial management of hypertension and are recommended for particular subgroups of patients. Monotherapy with the centrally and peripherally acting sympatholytic agents is not recommended because of the frequent side effects encountered and the inferior hypotensive efficacy reported. Calcium channel blocking agents also appear to be suitable alternatives to thiazides in hypertension, but more experience with these is needed. Alternative pharmacologic agents may be selected on the basis of age, and, to a lesser extent, race. AUMcKenney JM EM8601 SODrug Intell Clin Pharm (United States), Sep 1985, 19(9) p629-41 MJAntihypertensive Agents; Hypertension MNAdrenergic Alpha Receptor Blockaders /TU; Adrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /TU; Calcium Channel Blockers /TU; Diuretics /TU; Kininase II /AI; Parasympatholytics /TU; Vasodilator Agents /TU MCReview MTHuman IS0012-6578 LAEnglish JCEBU SBM UI86004134 TIAntimicrobial drug delivery to the eye. ABA major obstacle in the treatment of ocular infections is the difficulty in obtaining adequate antimicrobial drug concentration at the site of infection. This article reviews the pharmacokinetic principles of ophthalmic drug delivery as it pertains to antimicrobial therapy. The administration of antimicrobials by topical application, subconjunctival injection, intravitreal injection, vitreous replacement fluid, and systemic administration are addressed. Representative data on the intraocular penetration of antimicrobials as well as recommended doses of drugs for ocular infections are presented. AULesar TS; Fiscella RG EM8601 SODrug Intell Clin Pharm (United States), Sep 1985, 19(9) p642-54 MJAnti-Infective Agents, Local; Eye Diseases MNAdministration, Topical; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; Eye; Injections; Ointments; Suspensions; Vitreous Body MCReview MTAnimal; Human IS0012-6578 LAEnglish JCEBU SBM UI86004135 TILong-term survival strategy for the pharmacy profession [editorial] AUHutchinson RA; Hatoum HT; Witte KW EM8601 SODrug Intell Clin Pharm (United States), Sep 1985, 19(9) p655-6 MJPharmacy Service, Hospital; Pharmacy MNCosts and Cost Analysis; Prospective Payment System; United States RN36505-84-7 (buspirone) IS0012-6578 LAEnglish JCEBU SBM UI86004136 TIAssessment of addiction liability of benzodiazepines and buspirone. AUPerry PJ EM8601 SODrug Intell Clin Pharm (United States), Sep 1985, 19(9) p657-9 MJBenzodiazepine Tranquilizers; Pyrimidines; Substance Dependence; Tranquilizing Agents, Minor MNInsurance, Liability; Seizures /CI; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome MTHuman RN20830-75-5 (Digoxin) IS0012-6578 LAEnglish JCEBU SBM UI86004137 TIIs ambulatory therapeutic digoxin monitoring useful? AUSnidero M; Traina GL; Bonati M EM8601 SODrug Intell Clin Pharm (United States), Sep 1985, 19(9) p660-1 MJDigoxin; Monitoring, Physiologic MNDigoxin /TU; Outpatients MTHuman RN28911-01-5 (Triazolam); 51481-61-9 (Cimetidine) IS0012-6578 LAEnglish JCEBU SBM UI86004138 TICentral nervous system toxicity associated with concurrent use of triazolam and cimetidine. ABA 49-year-old woman treated with cimetidine 300 mg tid for more than 18 months for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome experienced lethargy, dizziness, ataxia, and auditory and visual hallucinations after receiving triazolam 0.375 mg hs for sleep. Triazolam plasma concentrations were measured, and a triazolam elimination half-life was calculated to be approximately 8 hours (reported range 1.7-3 h). Cimetidine has been reported to decrease the apparent oral clearance of triazolam, resulting in increased triazolam plasma concentrations with the potential for exaggerated triazolam pharmacologic effects. Cimetidine may have been responsible for the unusually large elimination half-life in this patient. Until the mechanisms and clinical significance of this potential drug interaction are determined, clinicians should use the combination of triazolam and cimetidine with caution. AUBritton ML; Waller ES EM8601 SODrug Intell Clin Pharm (United States), Sep 1985, 19(9) p666-8 MJCentral Nervous System Diseases; Cimetidine /AE; Triazolam /AE MNCimetidine /AD; Drug Interactions; Middle Age; Triazolam /AD; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome /DT MTCase Report; Female; Human RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine) IS0012-6578 LAEnglish JCEBU SBM UI86004139 TILidocaine-induced second-degree mobitz type II heart block. ABLidocaine-induced atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbances are an ill-defined phenomenon. Electrophysiological studies in both animal and human subjects have shown that therapeutic doses of lidocaine have no significant effect on AV nodal and His-Purkinje conduction time in the presence of intact AV conduction. Sporadic reports of accelerated AV conduction or complete heart block following lidocaine administration have been published. One case of Mobitz type II heart block has been reported in a patient with a prolonged QTc interval (0.61 sec) who was also receiving prenylamine. Electrophysiological studies designed to evaluate lidocaine's effects on AV conduction present conflicting observations. We report a case of Mobitz type II heart block following therapeutic doses of lidocaine in the absence of acute myocardial infarction or concomitant cardioactive drug administration. This case, in conjunction with other reported data, suggests the occurrence of lidocaine-induced AV block to be unpredictable. Although its occurrence may be infrequent, the severity of these reactions warrants careful selection and monitoring of patients who are to receive lidocaine. AUHilleman DE; Mohiuddin SM; Destache CJ EM8601 SODrug Intell Clin Pharm (United States), Sep 1985, 19(9) p669-73 MJHeart Block; Lidocaine MNAged; Atrioventricular Node /DE; Bundle of His /PP; Electrocardiography; Heart Block /PP; Purkinje Fibers /PP MTCase Report; Human; Male RN55142-85-3 (ticlopidine) IS0012-6578 LAEnglish JCEBU SBM UI86004140 TITiclopidine as a hemorrhagic risk factor in coronary surgery. ABWe retrospectively reviewed the postoperative hemorrhagic risk in patients undergoing surgery for coronary revascularization who had received platelet antiaggregants preoperatively. A significant increase in postoperative hemorrhage and a higher percentage of reoperations for this reason was observed in the patients treated with ticlopidine. However, there were no major differences in the platelet counts among the groups compared. AUCriado A; Juffe A ; Carmona J; Otero C; Avello F EM8601 SODrug Intell Clin Pharm (United States), Sep 1985, 19(9) p673-6 MJCoronary Disease; Hemorrhage; Thiophenes MNAdult; Platelet Aggregation /DE; Platelet Count; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Risk MTFemale; Human; Male RN25953-19-9 (Cefazolin); 32986-56-4 (Tobramycin); 34444-01-4 (Cefamandole); 64952-97-2 (Moxalactam) IS0012-6578 LAEnglish JCEBU SBM UI86004141 TIThe lack of inactivation of tobramycin by cefazolin, cefamandole, and moxalactam in vitro. ABWe examined the effects of mixing tobramycin with three cephalosporins, cefazolin, cefamandole, and moxalactam. Each cephalosporin was prepared from standard powder and diluted with human serum to concentrations of 50, 250, and 500 micrograms/ml and added to 10 micrograms/ml of tobramycin in human serum. Temperature environments of 4 degrees C (refrigeration), 24 degrees C (room temperature), and 37 degrees C (body temperature) were used and sampled at 0 hours (control), and at 8, 24, and 48 hours. The results indicated no inactivation of tobramycin by any of the cephalosporins, regardless of temperature, concentration, or contact time. These results indicate that significant inactivation of tobramycin does not occur when it is combined in vitro with moxalactam, cefamandole, or cefazolin. AUEarp CM; Barriere SL EM8601 SODrug Intell Clin Pharm (United States), Sep 1985, 19(9) p677-9 MJCefamandole; Cefazolin; Moxalactam; Tobramycin MNCefamandole /PD; Cefazolin /PD; Drug Stability; Moxalactam /PD; Temperature; Time Factors MTHuman; In Vitro RN28911-01-5 (Triazolam); 51481-61-9 (Cimetidine) IS0012-6578 LAEnglish JCEBU SBM UI86004142 TIComment: Triazolam-cimetidine reaction [letter] AUGreenblatt DJ EM8601 SODrug Intell Clin Pharm (United States), Sep 1985, 19(9) p679 MJCimetidine /AE; Triazolam /AE MNCimetidine /AD; Drug Interactions; Triazolam /AD MTHuman IS0012-6578 LAEnglish JCEBU SBM UI86004143 TIComment: Cyclosporine and vaccination [letter] AUGrabenstein JD; Baker JR Jr EM8601 SODrug Intell Clin Pharm (United States), Sep 1985, 19(9) p679-80 MJCyclosporins /AE; Vaccination; Viral Vaccines /AE MNCyclosporins /AD; Drug Interactions; Viral Vaccines /AD MTHuman RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine) IS0012-6578 LAEnglish JCEBU SBM UI86004144 TIComment: Lidocaine seizures [letter] AURegal RE EM8601 SODrug Intell Clin Pharm (United States), Sep 1985, 19(9) p680-1 MJLidocaine; Seizures MNRisk MTHuman RN53-86-1 (Indomethacin) IS0012-6578 LAEnglish JCEBU SBM UI86004145 TIComment: Indomethacin sustained-release [letter] AUTannenbaum RP EM8601 SODrug Intell Clin Pharm (United States), Sep 1985, 19(9) p681-2 MJIndomethacin MNDelayed-Action Preparations MTHuman RN846-49-1 (Lorazepam) IS0012-6543 LAEnglish JCEBV UI86004146 TILorazepam--a benzodiazepine to choose or avoid? EM8601 SODrug Ther Bull (England), Aug 12 1985, 23(16) p61-2 MJLorazepam /TU MNAnxiety /DT; Kinetics; Lorazepam /ME MTHuman RN23031-25-6 (Terbutaline); 93-14-1 (Guaiacol Glyceryl Ether) IS0012-6543 LAEnglish JCEBV UI86004147 TIGuaiphenesin and iodide. EM8601 SODrug Ther Bull (England), Aug 12 1985, 23(16) p62-4 MJGuaiacol Glyceryl Ether; Iodides MNAsthma /DT; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Lung Diseases /DT; Terbutaline /TU MTHuman RN128-13-2 (Ursodeoxycholic Acid); 474-25-9 (Chenodeoxycholic Acid); 83-44-3 (Deoxycholic Acid) IS0012-6543 LAEnglish JCEBV UI86004148 TIWhen to dissolve stones in the gallbladder. EM8601 SODrug Ther Bull (England), Aug 27 1985, 23(17) p65-7 MJChenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholelithiasis; Deoxycholic Acid; Ursodeoxycholic Acid MTHuman RN54-11-5 (Nicotine) IS0012-6543 LAEnglish JCEBV UI86004149 TINicorette--an update. EM8601 SODrug Ther Bull (England), Aug 27 1985, 23(17) p67-8 MJChewing Gum; Nicotine; Smoking MNClinical Trials; Follow-Up Studies MTHuman IS0012-6543 LAEnglish JCEBV UI86004150 TIRoutine six-monthly checks for dental disease? EM8601 SODrug Ther Bull (England), Sep 9 1985, 23(18) p69-72 MJDental Care MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Dental Caries /DI /TH; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Gingivitis /DI; Periodontitis /DI; Time Factors MTHuman IS0012-6543 LAEnglish JCEBV UI86004151 TI╥Don't take your medicine lying down ╙. EM8601 SODrug Ther Bull (England), Sep 23 1985, 23(19) p73-4 MJDrugs MNAbsorption; Drugs /ME; Esophageal Diseases /CI; Posture MTHuman RN14636-12-5 (glypressin); 50-57-7 (Lypressin) IS0012-6543 LAEnglish JCEBV UI86004152 TITerlipressin (Glypressin)--a pro-drug variceal haemorrhage. EM8601 SODrug Ther Bull (England), Sep 23 1985, 23(19) p74-5 MJEsophageal and Gastric Varices; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal; Lypressin MNHemorrhage, Gastrointestinal /ET; Lypressin /AE /PD /TU MTHuman RN474-25-9 (Chenodeoxycholic Acid); 65546-74-9 (rowachol) IS0012-6543 LAEnglish JCEBV UI86004153 TIRowachol for gallstone dissolution? EM8601 SODrug Ther Bull (England), Sep 23 1985, 23(19) p75-6 MJCholagogues and Choleretics /TU; Common Bile Duct Calculi; Terpenes /TU MNChenodeoxycholic Acid /TU; Cholagogues and Choleretics /AE; Cholelithiasis /DT; Drug Combinations /AE /TU; Drug Therapy, Combination; Terpenes /AE MTHuman IS0012-6543 LAEnglish JCEBV UI86004154 TIManagement of the dry eye. EM8601 SODrug Ther Bull (England), Oct 21 1985, 23(21) p81-2 MJOphthalmic Solutions; Xerophthalmia MTHuman IS0012-6543 LAEnglish JCEBV UI86004155 TICombining hydrocortisone with an antifungal on the skin. EM8601 SODrug Ther Bull (England), Oct 21 1985, 23(21) p83-4 MJAntifungal Agents; Hydrocortisone, Topical; Skin Diseases MNAdministration, Topical; Drug Combinations MTHuman IS0343-2432 LAGerman JCEBW SBM UI86004156 TI[Frequent occurrence of dyshidrosis-type eczemas of the hand caused by oil-in-water emulsion in metalworkers] ABIn a metal working enterprise, about 1/3 of the workers who had come into contact with a certain cutting solution, fell ill with an eczema of the hand in short time, the clinical aspect of which reminded a dyshidrosiform eczema of the hand. An epicutaneous test made with the emulsion oil-in-water had a negative result. After the cutting solution had been replaced by another product, the hand lesions disappeared rapidly. In the literature, we could not find any informations concerning dyshidrosiform eczemas of the hand, while manipulating emulsions oil-in-water. However, a tendency to sudation of the hands is known. AUWeidenbach T; Rakoski J TT[Gehauftes Auftreten von dyshidrosiformen Handekzemen durch eine Ol-in-Wasser-Emulsion bei Metallarbeitern.] EM8601 SODerm Beruf Umwelt (Germany, West), 1985, 33(4) p121-4 MJDermatitis, Contact /OC; Metallurgy; Occupational Dermatitis /OC; Oils MNAdult; Dermatitis, Contact /ET; Emulsions; Germany, West; Middle Age; Occupational Dermatitis /ET; Skin Tests MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN16079-88-2 (di-halo) IS0343-2432 LAEnglish JCEBW SBM UI86004157 TIIrritant contact dermatitis. Traumiterative and cumulative impairment by cosmetics, climate, and other daily loads. ABBased on the results of exposure experiments on living human skin a working hypothesis is launched concerning the possible pathogenesis of irritant contact dermatitis. Below a certain and critical degree of exposure there is no alteration in clinical aspect of the exposed region. However, instrumentally (watervapour-loss measurements, impedance measurements) it is usually possible to register subclinical effects in such a field. These are interpreted as signs of impairment of metabolic homoiostatic systems. It is possible in certain cases to show that the skin is able to adapt its functions to a repeated load (illustrated with exposure experiments to DMSO). It seems useful to distinguish between a traumiterative irritant contact dermatitis (a result of too early repetition of just one type of load; see Aquabrom experiment) and a cumulative irritant contact dermatitis (resulting from a too early repetition of exposures differing in type; see experiment with soap and detergent solutions). In cumulative irritant contact dermatitis the sequence of the different loading factors is of importance: first soap and then detergent or the reverse. AUMalten KE; den Arend JA EM8601 SODerm Beruf Umwelt (Germany, West), 1985, 33(4) p125-32 MJDermatitis, Contact MNClimate; Cosmetics /AE; Dermatitis, Contact /PA /PP; Detergents /AE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hydantoins /AE; Skin /PA /PP; Soaps /AE MTHuman RN1570-64-5 (4-chloro-2-cresol); 57-55-6 (propylene glycol); 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride); 8009-03-8 (Petrolatum); 9007-81-2 (Freund's Adjuvant) IS0343-2432 LAEnglish JCEBW SBM UI86004158 TIGuinea pig maximization test: effect of type of Freund's complete adjuvant emulsion and of challenge site location. ABGuinea pig maximization tests (GPMT) with chlorocresol were performed to ascertain whether the sensitization rate was affected by minor changes in the Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) emulsion used. Three types of emulsion were evaluated: the oil phase was mixed with propylene glycol, saline with 30% (v/v) ethanol or saline, respectively. Relative viscosity was used as one measure of physical properties of the emulsion. Higher degrees of sensitization (but not rates) were obtained at the 48 h challenge reading with the oil/propylene glycol and oil/saline + ethanol emulsions compared to the saline/oil emulsion. Placing of the challenge patches affected the response, as simultaneous chlorocresol challenge on the flank located 2 cm closer to the abdomen than the usual challenge site gave decreased reactions. AUAndersen KE EM8601 SODerm Beruf Umwelt (Germany, West), 1985, 33(4) p132-6 MJCresols; Freund's Adjuvant; Patch Tests; Skin Tests MNAbdomen; Alcohol, Ethyl; Back; Emulsions; Guinea Pigs; Petrolatum; Propanediols; Sodium Chloride; Vehicles MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-78-2 (Aspirin); 56-75-7 (Chloramphenicol); 58-15-1 (Aminopyrine); 68-89-3 (Dipyrone) IS0343-2432 LAGerman JCEBW SBM UI86004159 TI[Drugs in Poland: a review of literature on the symptoms of side effects] ABThe present paper gives a review of the data published in Poland concerning side effects of drugs. The most numerous observations concern antibiotics (particularly penicillin), sulfonamides, salicylates and antitetanic serum. The most frequent complications were: shock, urticaria, erythema multiforme and exanthema maculopapulosum. AURudzki E TT[Arzneimittel in Polen: Eine Literaturubersicht uber die Symptome von Nebenwirkungen.] EM8601 SODerm Beruf Umwelt (Germany, West), 1985, 33(4) p136-9 MJDrugs MNAminopyrine /AE; Anaphylaxis /CI; Antibiotics /AE; Aspirin /AE; Barbiturates /AE; Chloramphenicol /AE; Contrast Media /AE; Dermatitis Medicamentosa /ET; Dipyrone /AE; Drug Combinations; Erythema /CI; Exanthema /CI; Penicillins /AE; Poland; Serum Sickness /ET; Sulfonamides /AE; Syndrome; Tetanus Antitoxin /AE; Urticaria /CI MCEnglish Abstract; Review MTFemale; Human; Male RN378-44-9 (Betamethasone); 382-67-2 (Desoximetasone); 50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 5593-20-4 (betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate) IS0343-2432 LAGerman JCEBW SBM UI86004160 TI[Treatment with topical corticosteroids in severe or resistant dermatoses] ABThe efficacy and safety of betamethasone dipropionate glycol cream 0.05% and desoximetasone ointment 0.25% were compared in a randomized, double-blind study of 80 patients with resistant or severe corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Medication was applied to affected areas at a dosage of 3.5 grams twice daily for 14 days. In each treatment group, evaluation of efficacy was based on results in 35 patients and that of safety in 40 patients. Among betamethasone dipropionate glycol cream 0.05%-treated patients, signs and symptoms of dermatologic disease either cleared completely or markedly improved in 34/35 (97%). Comparable responses were observed in 31/35 (89%) patients treated with desoximetasone ointment 0.25%. Local tolerance to both study medications was excellent; no adverse reactions occurred. Plasma cortisol reduction occurred in few patients (4 resp. 3 patients each group), however this effect was only transient and reversible. AUNolting S TT[Behandlung mit Kortikosteroid-Externa bei schweren oder resistenten Dermatosen.] EM8601 SODerm Beruf Umwelt (Germany, West), 1985, 33(4) p140-4 MJDesoximetasone; Dexamethasone; Skin Diseases MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Betamethasone /AA /TU; Clinical Trials; Dermatitis, Atopic /DT; Double-Blind Method; Drug Tolerance; Hydrocortisone /BL; Middle Age; Ointments; Psoriasis /DT; Safety; Seborrhea /DT; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN12597-68-1 (Stainless Steel) IS0343-2432 LAGerman JCEBW SBM UI86004161 TI[Metal contact eczema, a peculiar case in multiple occupational dermatoses] AUGrobe JW TT[Metallkontaktekzem, der besondere Fall unter multiplen Berufsdermatosen.] EM8601 SODerm Beruf Umwelt (Germany, West), 1985, 33(4) p144 MJDermatitis, Contact; Foot Dermatoses; Metallurgy; Occupational Dermatitis; Shoes; Stainless Steel MNChromates /AE; Middle Age; Patch Tests MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004162 TI[Clinical importance of programming of cardiac pacemakers] AULuderitz B TT[Klinische Bedeutung der Programmierung von Herzschrittmachern.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 4 1985, 110(40) p1519-20 MJArrhythmia; Operations Research; Pacemaker, Artificial; Programming, Linear MNAtrial Fibrillation /TH; Pulse MTHuman IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004163 TI[Ultrasonics and lavage in polytraumatized patients with blunt abdominal trauma] ABThe reliability of sonography and peritoneal lavage in assessing the need for immediate surgical intervention in blunt abdominal trauma was examined in a controlled prospective and retrospective study. Whereas no false results occurred using peritoneal lavage, false negative findings in sonography were 9.8% and false positive findings 3.9%. A significant difference was also found on retrospective evaluation of all cases with diagnostic peritoneal lavage (2.2% false results) and ultrasound investigations (14.9% false results). This demonstrates that sonography cannot fully replace peritoneal lavage as a diagnostic method in blunt abdominal trauma. AUGrussner R ; Ruckert K ; Klotter HJ; Kuhnert A TT[Ultraschall und Lavage beim stumpfen Bauchtrauma polytraumatisierter Patienten.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 4 1985, 110(40) p1521-6 MJAbdominal Injuries MNDiagnostic Errors; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Irrigation; Laparotomy; Peritoneal Cavity; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Ultrasonic Diagnosis; Wounds, Nonpenetrating MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004164 TI[Programming of pacemakers: a gain or a passtime?] ABSeventy-seven programmable pacemakers, selected at random from a reservoir of 1051 explanted pacemakers, made available by health-offices, institutes of pathology and institutes of forensic medicine, were examined for alterations made since the time of delivery. The results motivated our choice of title. In 41 of 74 (55.4%) no parameter was changed and in 36.5% the frequency was altered. Of the two- or multi-programmable pacemakers, the amplitude was altered in 13 of 61 (21.3%), the pulse duration in 9 out of 38 (23.7%), the sensitivity in 10 out of 32 (31.3%), hysteresis in one out of 31 (3.2%) and the refractory time in none of 30. None of the 10 pacemakers with programmable operation mode were reprogrammed although they included a DDD that was delivered, however, in the VVI state. Nine of 69 pacemakers (13%) were double- and 2 of 33 (6%) triple-programmed. The two physiological parameters (frequency and hysteresis) were clearly not utilised to the extent that would be desirable. All other programmable parameters serve exclusively for the technical adjustment to the heart. AUIrnich W TT[Programmierung von Schrittmachern: Vorteil oder Spielerei?] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 4 1985, 110(40) p1527-30 MJPacemaker, Artificial MNTechnology Assessment, Biomedical MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN0 (factor VIII clotting antigen); 0 (factor VIII related antigen) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004165 TI[Spectrum of von Willebrand-Jurgens syndrome. A study on 53 patients] ABVon Willebrand-Jurgens syndrome was diagnosed in 53 patients on the basis of bleeding symptoms and blood clotting analytical findings. It was possible to classify the patients into four types using the recommendations of the European Thrombosis Research Organization. Type I, 56%, was most common, 15% belonged to type II, 13% to type III and 16% to type IV. Whereas type I corresponds to the so-called classical von Willebrand-Jurgens syndrome, types II-IV demonstrate the heterogeneity of the disease. AUHasler K; Klink I TT[Spektrum des von-Willebrand-Jurgens-Syndroms. Eine Studie an 53 Patienten.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 4 1985, 110(40) p1531-4 MJAntigens; Factor VIII; Von Willebrand's Disease MNBlood Coagulation Tests; Hemorrhagic Diathesis /ET; Platelet Adhesiveness; Platelet Count; Von Willebrand Factor /AN; Von Willebrand's Disease /CO MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN37341-29-0 (IgE) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004166 TI[Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, recurring staphylococcal infections and a defect in granulocyte chemotaxis in adults. A variant of Job's syndrome] ABTwo cases in adults with recurrent staphylococcal infections associated with abnormal granulocytic chemotaxis and hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E (Job's syndrome) are described. The pathophysiological mechanisms seems to consist of an abnormal IgE reaction against staphylococcal antigens causing secondary abnormality of granulocyte function. Abnormal cellular immune function was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Corticosteroid administration at first proved effective in both patients. One patient developed Hodgkin's disease of the mixed type in the course of the disease. AUHeim ME; Herz R; Worst P; Queisser W TT[Hyperimmunglobulinamie E, rezidivierende Staphylokokkeninfekte und Granulozyten-Chemotaxis-Defekt im Erwachsenenalter. Eine Variante des Job-Syndroms.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 4 1985, 110(40) p1535-9 MJHypergammaglobulinemia; IgE; Job's Syndrome /IM; Phagocyte Bactericidal Dysfunction; Staphylococcal Infections MNAdrenal Cortex Hormones /TU; Adult; Chemotaxis; Granulocytes /IM; Hodgkin's Disease /ET; Job's Syndrome /DT MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN635-65-4 (Bilirubin) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004167 TI[Ultrasonic diagnosis of bile duct diseases. Value and possibilities] AUSeitz K TT[Ultraschalldiagnostik bei Erkrankungen der Gallenwege. Stellenwert und Moglichkeiten.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 4 1985, 110(40) p1539-42 MJBile Duct Diseases; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNBilirubin /BL; Cholestasis /DI; Common Bile Duct Calculi /DI; Common Bile Duct /PA MTHuman RN92-84-2 (phenothiazine) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004168 TI[Drug-induced liver diseases] AUBode JC TT[Arzneimittelschaden der Leber.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 4 1985, 110(40) p1543-8 MJLiver Diseases MNAntibiotics /AE; Antitubercular Agents /AE; Cholestasis /CI; Hepatitis, Toxic /CL; Hormones, Synthetic /AE; Hypnotics and Sedatives /AE; Hypoglycemic Agents /AE; Liver Diseases /CL /DI; Phenothiazines /AE; Prognosis MCReview MTHuman IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004169 TI[The physician's obligation of assistance in hospital discharge against the physician's counsel] AURieger HJ TT[Hilfeleistungspflicht des Arztes bei Krankenhausentlassung gegen arztlichen Rat.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 4 1985, 110(40) p1549-50 MJPhysician's Role; Role MNAccidents, Traffic /PC; Analgesics /AE; Automobile Driving; Legislation, Hospital; Legislation, Medical; Myocardial Infarction /PC; Physician-Patient Relations MTHuman RN145-63-1 (Suramin) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004170 TI[Suramin therapy in patients with LAS/AIDS (letter)] AUBusch W; Brodt R; Ganser A; Helm EB; Stille W TT[Suramin-Therapie bei Patienten mit LAS/AIDS.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 4 1985, 110(40) p1552-3 MJAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Lymphatic Diseases; Suramin MNAdult MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004172 TI[The CO2 test for the diagnosis of hemodynamically critical carotid artery stenoses with transcranial Doppler sonography (letter)] AUWidder B TT[Der CO2-Test zur Erkennung hamodynamisch kritischer Carotisstenosen mit der transkraniellen Doppler-Sonographie.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 4 1985, 110(40) p1553 MJArterial Occlusive Diseases; Carbon Dioxide; Carotid Arteries; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MTHuman IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004173 TI[Endoscopic ultrasonic study of the esophagus (letter)] AUvon Lilienfeld-Toal H; Kampmann B TT[Endoskopische Ultraschalluntersuchung des Osophagus.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 4 1985, 110(40) p1554 MJEsophagus MNEsophagoscopy; Ultrasonics MTHuman IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004174 TI[Main coronary artery stenosis: significance of the clinical stage for angiographic and surgical risk] AB86 patients with significant main coronary artery stenosis (greater than 50%) were divided into 61 with stable and 25 with unstable angina pectoris. The coronary morphology (isolated main coronary artery stenosis, degree of stenosis, additional vessel disease) and the left ventricular function (ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) were the same in both groups. Deaths due to coronary angiography amounted to 2.3% and involved two patients with unstable angina. 82% (n = 50) of the patients with stable angina and 83% (n = 19) with unstable angina were considered operable. 69% of the stable and 74% of the unstable group were actually revascularised. Operative deaths amounted to 3.4% and again involved two patients with unstable angina. During an average post-operative follow-up period of 38 months 5% of the operated and 28% of the non-operated patients died (P less than 0.05). The investigation demonstrated that for patients with main coronary artery stenosis operability in stable angina is no different from that in unstable angina. Angiographic and operative deaths in patients with unstable symptomatology, however, were markedly higher than in those with stable angina. AULeisch F; Kerschner K; Schutzenberger W ; Hartl P; Gross C; Brucke P ; Herbinger W TT[Hauptstammstenose: Bedeutung des klinischen Stadiums fur das angiographische und operative Risiko.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 11 1985, 110(41) p1559-63 MJCoronary Disease /SU MNAngina Pectoris /CO /PA; Angina, Unstable /CO /PA; Angiography; Aortocoronary Bypass; Coronary Disease /ET; Coronary Vessels; Middle Age; Risk MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN18016-80-3 (Lisuride); 25614-03-3 (Bromocriptine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 64795-35-3 (CQ 32085); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004175 TI[Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas. Results of surgical and drug therapy] AB185 patients with hyperprolactinaemia and prolactinoma were evaluated in a retrospective investigation. 128 patients were treated surgically whereby the prolactin serum level in 47% of the macroprolactinoma and 60% of the microprolactinoma patients was normalised (prolactin less than 25 ng/ml, no radiological evidence of tumor). Of those patients in whom the operation was less successful, a normal prolactin level could be achieved in 77% by additional therapy with dopamine agonists. Of 57 patients handled exclusively with drugs, the prolactin level was normalised by dopamine agonists in 78%. A small number of patients from both groups did not show a satisfactory fall in the prolactin level despite the use of markedly higher doses of dopamine agonists. During dopamine agonist therapy progressive tumor enlargement was detected radiologically in a previously operated patient. AUBrabant G; Brennecke I; Herrmann H; Friedrich H; Wagner TO; von zur Muhlen A ; Hesch RD TT[Hyperprolactinamie und Prolactinome. Ergebnisse operativer und medikamentoser Therapie.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 11 1985, 110(41) p1564-7 MJHyperprolactinemia /SU; Neoplastic Endocrine-Like Syndromes /SU MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Bromocriptine /TU; Dopamine /AA /TU; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ergolines /TU; Hyperprolactinemia /DT; Lisuride /TU; Middle Age; Neoplastic Endocrine-Like Syndromes /DT; Prolactin /BL MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN55-63-0 (Glyceryl Trinitrate) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004176 TI[Serum concentration of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in transdermal application of GTN dressings of various origins] ABSerum levels of glyceryl trinitrate have been determined in eight healthy subjects following transdermal application of four different glyceryl trinitrate plasters using a randomised crossover design. The plasters investigated were Deponit 10, Nitradisc 10, Nitroderm TTS 10 and Nitro-Pflaster-ratiopharm 10. The medians of serum concentrations arranged in decreasing order were 0.17-0.23 ng/ml for Nitroderm TTS 10, 0.13-0.21 ng/ml for Nitradisc 10, 0.08-0.13 ng/ml for Deponit 10, and 0.04-0.09 ng/ml for Nitro-Pflaster-ratiopharm 10. Corresponding areas under the concentration-time curves (AUC 0-24) were 23.15 nmol . h/l (Nitroderm TTS), 20.32 nmol . h/l (Nitradisc), 10.39 nmol . h/l (Deponit), and 5.7 nmol . h/l (Nitro-Pflaster-ratiopharm). AUHeidemann R; Menke G; Letzel H; Rietbrock N TT[Serumkonzentration von Glyceroltrinitrat (GTN) bei transdermaler Applikation von GTN-Pflastern unterschiedlicher Provenienz.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 11 1985, 110(41) p1568-72 MJGlyceryl Trinitrate /BL MNAdministration, Topical; Adult; Bandages; Clinical Trials; Glyceryl Trinitrate /AD; Infant; Therapeutic Equivalency MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN127-07-1 (Hydroxyurea); 147-94-4 (Cytarabine); 154-42-7 (Thioguanine); 53-03-2 (Prednisone) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004177 TI[Therapeutic possibilities in hypereosinophilia syndrome with Loffler's fibroplastic endomyocarditis. Efficacy of cytarabine and 6-thioguanine] ABIn two of four patients with hypereosinophilia and Loffler's myocarditis (confirmed by biopsy) the activity of the disease was contained with prednisone, in one instance combined with hydroxycarbamide. In two patients, in whom the disease was taking a fulminant course and other treatment had failed, cytarabine and 6-thioguanine proved effective, providing a 16-month symptom-free period in one of them. But the second patient died from septicaemia associated with treatment-induced bone-marrow hypoplasia. Prednisone (1 mg/kg daily) and hydroxycarbamide (0.5-1.5 g daily) are the drugs of choice in the hypereosinophilia syndrome. If they fail, cytarabine (100 mg/m2 on days 1-5, repeated on day 28) and 6-thioguanine (100 mg/m2 daily) should be given. AUHaas R; Mundinger A; Bohn T; Schaz K; Hunstein W TT[Therapiemoglichkeiten beim Hypereosinophilie-Syndrom mit Endomyocarditis fibroplastica Loffler. Wirksamkeit von Cytarabin und 6-Thioguanin.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 11 1985, 110(41) p1573-6 MJCytarabine; Endocarditis /DT; Eosinophilia /DT; Thioguanine MNAdult; Endocarditis /CO; Eosinophilia /CO; Hydroxyurea /TU; Middle Age; Prednisone /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004178 TI[Diagnosis of pregnancy hypertension] AUGirndt J TT[Diagnostik der Schwangerschaftshypertonie.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 11 1985, 110(41) p1577-8 MJHypertension; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular MNDiagnosis, Differential; Fetal Monitoring; Kidney Failure, Chronic /DI; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic /DI; Pre-Eclampsia /DI; Pregnancy; Risk; Ultrasonics MTFemale; Human RN484-23-1 (Dihydralazine); 555-30-6 (Methyldopa) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004179 TI[Therapy of pregnancy hypertension] AUGirndt J TT[Therapie der Schwangerschaftshypertonie.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 11 1985, 110(41) p1579-80 MJHypertension; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular MNAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /AE /TU; Anticonvulsants /TU; Dihydralazine /AD; Injections, Intravenous; Methyldopa /TU; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004181 TI[The importance of medical journals in undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing medical education] AUKummerle F TT[Die Bedeutung medizinischer Fachzeitschriften fur die arztliche Aus-, Weiter- und Fortbildung.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 11 1985, 110(41) p1586-8 MJEducation, Medical; Periodicals MNEducation, Medical, Continuing; Education, Medical, Graduate; Information Systems; Memory IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004182 TI[Liability of the hospital physician in inadequate care of patients] AUTeichner M TT[Haftung des Krankenhausarztes bei unzureichender Pflege des Patienten.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 11 1985, 110(41) p1589-90 MJAdministrative Personnel; Malpractice; Nursing Service, Hospital MNGermany, West; Physician-Patient Relations; Truth Disclosure MTHuman RN52-53-9 (Verapamil); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004183 TI[Antidote therapy in poisonings by calcium antagonists (letter)] AUStrubelt O TT[Zur Antidot-Therapie bei Intoxikationen durch Calcium-Antagonisten.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 11 1985, 110(41) p1592 MJCalcium; Verapamil MNAntidotes MTHuman RN0 (prolamins) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004184 TI[Occlusion of a tumor fistula in the rectum with Ethibloc (letter)] AURiemann JF; Nowack G TT[Tumorfistelokklusion im Rektum mit Ethibloc.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 11 1985, 110(41) p1592-3 MJProteins; Rectal Fistula; Rectal Neoplasms MNAged MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004185 TI[Acute polyneuropathy after inhalation of solvent mixtures (letter)] AUTriebig G TT[Akute Polyneruopathie nach Inhalation von Losemittelgemischen.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 11 1985, 110(41) p1593-4 MJNervous System Diseases; Solvents MNOccupational Diseases MTHuman IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004186 TI[Secondary neoplasms following tumor and leukemia therapy in childhood. Report of 64 cases] AB64 second neoplasms, occurring after therapy of malignant tumors or leukaemia in childhood, came to light in the course of a collaborative group investigation. Most frequent initial diseases were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (n = 19), Morbus Hodgkin (n = 9), and retinoblastoma (n = 8), whereas osteosarcoma (n = 13), cancer of the thyroid (n = 10) and acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia (n = 8) were predominant among the second malignant neoplasms. In 36 of 50 irradiated children there was a clear relationship between the localisation of the second neoplasm and the earlier irradiated zone. In other cases, in particular in children with retinoblastoma as initial disease or neurofibromatosis, genetic influences on the origin of the second neoplasms come into question. The preponderance of Morbus Hodgkin after acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (n = 7) must be regarded as extraordinary; in 6 of the 7 children the second neoplasm appeared after a very short interval. A distinct effect of previous treatment with cytostatics on the occurrence of second neoplasms was not seen. The differing time intervals between the occurrence of the first and the second neoplasms in the separate subgroups point toward heterogenous causes being involved in the development of second neoplasms. AUGutjahr P TT[Zweitmalignome nach Tumor- und Leukamiebehandlung im Kindesalter. Bericht uber 64 Falle.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 18 1985, 110(42) p1599-606 MJLeukemia /PA; Neoplasms /SC MNAntineoplastic Agents /TU; Child, Preschool; Child; Hodgkin's Disease /OC /PA /TH; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic /OC /PA /TH; Leukemia /OC /TH; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local /OC; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced /OC; Neoplasms /OC /TH; Retinoblastoma /OC /PA /TH; Sarcoma, Osteogenic /OC /PA /TH; Thyroid Neoplasms /OC /PA /TH MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone); 86903-70-0 (Natriuretic Peptides, Atrial) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004187 TI[The atrial natriuretic factor in severe congestive heart failure. Plasma level, hemodynamic, hormonal and renal effects] ABThe effects of human alpha atrial natriuretic factor following bolus injection of increasing doses and during a continuous 30 minute infusion were investigated in 7 patients with severe congestive cardiac failure (NYHA III-IV). The natriuretic factor was measured in plasma before and after the bolus application or infusion. The plasma levels were raised in 6 patients. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the basal levels of the atrial factor and cardiac output. In addition, there was a dose-dependent fall in preload and afterload as well as in the peripheral vascular resistance and there was an improvement in cardiac performance. The alpha atrial natriuretic factor inhibited aldosterone and cortisol secretion and promoted diuresis and the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium. The plasma concentrations of renin, noradrenaline, vasopressin, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, the stable metabolite of prostacyclin, and prostaglandin E2 remained unchanged. AURiegger AJ; Kromer EP; Kochsiek K TT[Der natriuretische Vorhoffaktor bei schwerer kongestiver Herzinsuffizienz. Plasmaspiegel, hamodynamische, hormonale und renale Effekte.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 18 1985, 110(42) p1607-10 MJHeart Failure, Congestive; Natriuretic Peptides, Atrial MNAldosterone /SE; Blood Pressure /DE; Cardiac Output /DE; Central Venous Pressure /DE; Clinical Trials; Diuresis /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemodynamics /DE; Hydrocortisone /SE; Natriuresis /DE; Prostaglandins E /BL; Prostaglandins F /BL; Renin /BL; Vasopressins /BL MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004188 TI[Errors and hazards: fatalities through sternal puncture] ABIatrogenic cardiac injury due to diagnostic sternal puncture occurred in 5 patients, 2 women and 3 men, aged 14 to 37 years. Four cases ended fataly but 1 patient survived after immediate thoracotomy and suture of the damaged heart. Perforation of the anterior wall of the right ventricle resulting in pericardial tamponade was present in all patients. All fatalities resulted in conviction, under criminal law, of the clinician who carried out the puncture (Paragraph 222 StGB--causing death through negligence). AUPuschel K ; Mattern R; Mittmeyer HJ; Schneider V TT[Fehler und Gefahren: Todesfalle durch Sternalpunktion.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 18 1985, 110(42) p1611-3 MJBiopsy, Needle; Bone Marrow Examination; Heart Injuries; Malpractice; Sternum MNAdolescence; Adult; Bone Marrow Examination /MT; Cardiac Tamponade /ET; Germany, West; Heart Atrium /IN; Jurisprudence; Pericardium /IN MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004189 TI[Cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma in chronic lymphatic leukemia] ABA classical Kaposi sarcoma, a tumor appearing sporadically mainly in elderly males, occurred in its typical cutaneous location in a male aged 67 years. Routine laboratory investigations revealed a marked leucocytosis which, with the aid of a bone-marrow biopsy and immunocytological methods, could be attributed to a hitherto undetected chronic lymphatic B-cell leukaemia. AUPfannschmidt N; Thiel E; Luderschmidt C TT[Kutanes Kaposi-Sarkom bei chronischer lymphatischer Leukamie.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 18 1985, 110(42) p1614-7 MJLeukemia, Lymphocytic /PA; Sarcoma, Kaposi's /SC; Skin Neoplasms /SC MNAged; B Lymphocytes /IM; Biopsy, Needle; Bone Marrow Examination; Leukemia, Lymphocytic /DI /IM; Sarcoma, Kaposi's /PA; Skin Neoplasms /PA; Skin /IM /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004190 TI[Prognostic value of Lown's classification of ventricular arrhythmias] AUSeipel L; Ickrath O TT[Die prognostische Bedeutung der Lown-Klassifikation ventrikularer Rhythmusstorungen.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 18 1985, 110(42) p1617-9 MJArrhythmia; Heart Ventricle MNArrhythmia /MO; Coronary Disease /MO /PP; Electrocardiography; Extrasystole /ET; Myocardial Infarction /MO /PP; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal /MO MTHuman RN54-31-9 (Furosemide) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004191 TI[Acute pulmonary and renal failure in peritonitis] AUSchuster HP TT[Akutes Lungen- und Nierenversagen bei Peritonitis.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 18 1985, 110(42) p1620-1 MJKidney Failure, Acute; Peritonitis; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult MNFurosemide /TU; Kidney Failure, Acute /TH; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis /SU; Positive Pressure Respiration; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult /TH MTHuman IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004192 TI[Management of arterial hypertension in acute myocardial infarct] AUSturm A; Wiechmann HW TT[Behandlung der arteriellen Hypertonie beim akuten Herzinfarkt.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 18 1985, 110(42) p1622-5 MJHypertension; Myocardial Infarction MNAged; Angina Pectoris /PC; Arrhythmia /PC; Middle Age; Recurrence MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004193 TI[Legislation concerning the profession of midwives and delivery assistants 1985] AUSchneider A TT[Das Gesetz uber den Beruf der Hebamme und des Entbindungspflegers 1985.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 18 1985, 110(42) p1626-8 MJLegislation; Licensure; Midwifery; Nurse Midwives MNGermany, West; Licensure, Hospital MTHuman IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004194 TI[AIDS in schoolchildren (letter)] AUShah PM; Stille W TT[AIDS bei schulpflichtigen Kindern.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 18 1985, 110(42) p1631 MJAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Students MNChild; Germany, West; Quarantine; School Health Services MTHuman IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004195 TI[Blood exchange instead of plasmapheresis in severe tropical malaria (letter)] AUWeinke T; Trautmann M TT[Blutaustausch anstatt Plasmapherese bei schwerer Malaria tropica.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 18 1985, 110(42) p1631 MJExchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Malaria; Plasmapheresis MNHemodialysis MTComparative Study; Human RN53-43-0 (Dehydroepiandrosterone); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004196 TI[Increase of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and prolactin during plasmapheresis (letter)] AUPreis P; Gisinger G; Zielinski CC; Templ H TT[Anstieg von Dehydroepiandrosteronsulfat und Prolactin wahrend Plasmapherese.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 18 1985, 110(42) p1631-2 MJDehydroepiandrosterone; Plasmapheresis; Prolactin MTHuman IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004197 TI[Early diagnosis of congenital hip luxation by ultrasonic examination (letter)] AUTonnis D TT[Fruhdiagnose der angeborenen Huftluxation durch Ultraschalluntersuchungen.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 18 1985, 110(42) p1632 MJHip Dislocation, Congenital; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNAge Factors; Infant, Newborn; Infant MTHuman IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004198 TI[LAV/HTLV-III antibodies in blood and blood products] AUGurtler L ; Eberle J; Deinhardt F TT[LAV/HTLV-III-Antikorper in Blut und Blutprodukten.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 25 1985, 110(43) p1639-40 MJAntibodies, Viral; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus MNAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome /TM; Blood Banks; Blood Transfusion /AE; Cell Line; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Helper Cells; Radioimmunoassay; Satellite Viruses /IM; Virus Replication MTHuman RN37341-29-0 (IgE); 75-21-8 (Ethylene Oxide) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004199 TI[Hypersensitivity phenomena in dialysis patients. Incidence of eosinophilia, raised IgE and ethyleneoxide-induced antibodies] ABThe hypersensitivity parameters eosinophil count, serum IgE and IgE-type antibodies to ethylene oxide-albumin conjugates (ETO-antibodies), were determined in 182 dialysis patients. Eosinophilia was seen in 21.7% of patients, IgE elevation in 21.4% and ETO-antibodies in 12.4%. A pathological change in at least one of the measured parameters was present in 33.1%. The appearance of ETO-antibodies was frequently associated with severe clinical symptoms, especially asthma and anaphylactic shock. Sensitisation is apparently common in dialysis patients. Since ETO-antibodies are often associated with severe clinical symptoms, their presence should be sought in those dialysis patients showing incompatibility reactions or asthma. AURumpf KW; Seubert S; Seubert A; Lowitz HD; Valentin R; Rippe H; Ippen H; Scheler F TT[Hypersensitivitatsphanomene bei Dialysepatienten. Haufigkeit von Eosinophilie, IgE-Erhohung und Ethylenoxid-induzierten Antikorpern.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 25 1985, 110(43) p1641-5 MJAntibodies; Eosinophilia; Ethylene Oxide; Hemodialysis; IgE MNAdult; Asthma /ET; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004200 TI[Histology of the primary tumor and subsequent metastasis in breast cancer] ABThe relationship between the histology of the primary tumour and subsequent metastasization was analysed in 343 patients with disseminated carcinoma of the breast. The metastases were subdivided on clinical criteria into osseous, visceral and localized regional ones. It was found that undifferentiated, infiltrating ductal carcinomas without significant productive fibrosis have a special tendency towards visceral metastasization. Purely scirrhous carcinomas, especially without intraductal components, have a marked affinity to the skeletal systems. Intraductally growing and adenomatous carcinomas appear to metastasize ubiquitously. The more components there are to the primary tumour the more frequent are local recurrences and metastases to several organ systems. AURhomberg W TT[Histologie des Primartumors und nachfolgende Metastasierung beim Mammakarzinom.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 25 1985, 110(43) p1645-50 MJBreast Neoplasms MNAdenoma /PA; Bone Neoplasms /SC; Carcinoma, Ductal /PA; Carcinoma, Scirrhous /PA; Intestinal Neoplasms /SC; Neoplasm Metastasis MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human RN130-95-0 (Quinine) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004201 TI[Fatal complications of tropical malaria in non-immune patients. A retrospective clinico-pathologic analysis of 25 cases] ABClinical and pathological data on 25 fatal cases of tropical malaria were obtained from several hospitals in a retrospective survey. The patients originated, without exception, from non-malaria endemic regions (non-immunes). Death occurred in nine patients despite elimination of the parasitaemia with schizontocides. Life threatening complications were complex and apparently interacting. Manifestations of the disease included (1) initial acute renal failure, (2) disturbance of water and electrolyte balance, (3) cerebral oedema resulting in microhaemorrhages, (4) lung oedema, and increasing respiratory insufficiency even after elimination of the parasitaemia (in 4 cases there was histological evidence of shock lung), (5) myocarditis (histological evidence of cellular myocardial infiltration obtained in 4 cases), (6) hepatocellular damage, (7) complications associated with intensive-care treatment in 2 cases. The data allow no conclusions on the intensity and nature of blood clotting disturbances. According to this analysis the clinical manifestations of advanced malaria resemble protracted shock conditions having other aetiologies. However, specific cerebral and cardiac complications and homeostatic disturbances do apparently occur, the treatment of which requires experience with the clinical syndrome. AUHorstmann RD; Ehrich JH; Beck J; Dietrich M TT[Letale Komplikationen der Malaria tropica bei Nichtimmunen. Eine retrospektive klinisch-pathologische Analyse von 25 Fallen.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 25 1985, 110(43) p1651-6 MJMalaria /MO MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Cerebral Hemorrhage /ET; Child, Preschool; Child; Germany, West; Hemoglobins; Immunity, Natural; Infant; Malaria /IM /TH; Middle Age; Myocardial Diseases /CO; Plasmodium Falciparum /DE; Platelet Count; Quinine /TU; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult /ET; Retrospective Studies MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 42399-41-7 (Diltiazem); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004202 TI[Effect of calcium antagonists on physical fitness and metabolism] ABIn a cross-over double-blind trial on 15 healthy male volunteers the effect on physical exercise capacity and metabolism of single oral doses of 90 mg diltiazem or 20 mg nifedipine was compared. Both maximal physical exercise capacity and sustained exercise capacity remained unchanged after each calcium antagonist. Heart rate was higher after nifedipine but lower after diltiazem than after placebo, although the differences at the individual exercise steps were small and significant in only some. Plasma noradrenaline levels on submaximal exercise rose significantly higher after nifedipine than after diltiazem or placebo. Somatotropin, cortisol, insulin as well as carbohydrate and fat metabolic substrates were similar after the two calcium antagonists and placebo. It is concluded that short-term administration of diltiazem and nifedipine does not influence physical exercise capacity and metabolism. AUKindermann W; Schmitt W; Stengele E TT[Einfluss von Calcium-Antagonisten auf die korperliche Leistungsfahigkeit und den Metabolismus.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 25 1985, 110(43) p1657-61 MJBenzazepines; Diltiazem; Metabolism; Nifedipine; Physical Fitness MNAdult; Blood Glucose /AN; Blood Volume /DE; Clinical Trials; Heart Rate /DE; Lactates /BL; Norepinephrine /BL; Placebos MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman; Male RN57-13-6 (Urea); 60-27-5 (Creatinine) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004203 TI[Diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy] AUHasslacher C; Ritz E TT[Diagnose der diabetischen Nephropathie.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 25 1985, 110(43) p1662-3 MJDiabetic Nephropathies MNAlbuminuria /DI; Basement Membrane /PA; Beta 2 Microglobulin /BL; Creatinine /BL; Diabetic Retinopathy /ET; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hypertension /ET; Kidney Glomerulus /PA; Kidney /PA; Organ Weight; Proteinuria /DI; Urea /BL MTHuman RN33342-05-1 (gliquidone); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004204 TI[Therapy of diabetic nephropathy] AUHasslacher C; Ritz E TT[Therapie der diabetischen Nephropathie.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 25 1985, 110(43) p1664-5 MJDiabetic Nephropathies /TH MNDiabetic Nephropathies /CO /DH; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Dietary Proteins; Hemodialysis; Hypertension /ET /TH; Insulin /TU; Kidney /TR; Peritoneal Dialysis; Sulfonylurea Compounds /TU MTHuman RN7732-18-5 (Water) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004205 TI[Methods and importance of the separation of lipids and water in NMR tomography] AUMatthaei D; Frahm J; Haase A TT[Methoden und Bedeutung der Trennung von Fett und Wasser im NMR-Tomogramm.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 25 1985, 110(43) p1666-70 MJLipids; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Water MNHand /PA; Protons MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004206 TI[Hepatitis B recombinant vaccine. Tolerance and immunogenicity (letter)] AUKuwert E; Scheiermann N; Becker E; Gesemann M; Safary A; Simoen E; Hauser P; Andre F TT[Hepatitis-B-Rekombinantenvakzine. Vertraglichkeit und Immunogenitat.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 25 1985, 110(43) p1672-3 MJHepatitis B; Recombinant Proteins; Viral Vaccines MNAdult; Saccharomyces Cerevisiae /IM MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004207 TI[The problem of ╥pluriglandular insufficiency╙ (letter)] AUGoischke HK TT[Zur Problematik der ╥pluriglandularen Insuffizienz╙.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 25 1985, 110(43) p1673 MJAddison's Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Multiple Organ Failure MTHuman RN55-63-0 (Glyceryl Trinitrate) IS0012-0472 LAGerman JCECL SBM; X UI86004208 TI[Transdermal application of glyceryltrinitrate (letter)] AURietbrock N TT[Transdermale Applikation von Glyceryltrinitrat.] EM8601 SODtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany, West), Oct 25 1985, 110(43) p1673-4 MJGlyceryl Trinitrate MNAdministration, Topical; Angina Pectoris /PC MTHuman IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004209 TI[Pharmacological-toxicological aspects of the homeopathic treatment of animals] AUSchmid A TT[Pharmakologisch-toxikologische Aspekte der homoopathischen Behandlung von Tieren.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Apr 9 1985, 92(4) p128-30 MJAnimal Diseases; Homeopathy MNPharmacology; Toxicology MCEnglish Abstract; Review MTAnimal RN58-89-9 (Benzene Hexachloride) IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004210 TI[The effect of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane in the suckling rat] AUHapke HJ; Hollmann AC TT[Die Wirkungen von beta-Hexachlorcyclohexan auf Ratten-Suglinge.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Apr 9 1985, 92(4) p132-5 MJAnimals, Suckling; Animals; Benzene Hexachloride /PD; Lactation; Rats MNAdipose Tissue /ME; Benzene Hexachloride /AD /ME; Body Weight /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fertility /DE; Liver /AH /DE; Organ Weight /DE; Pregnancy; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tissue Distribution MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN15078-28-1 (Nitroprusside); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004211 TI[Cardiodynamics of the conscious dog undergoing treadmill exercise, blood pressure reduction or isoproterenol and its modification by beta-blockade] AULehmann HD TT[Zur Kardiodynamik des wachen Hundes bei Aktivierung durch Laufbandarbeit, Blutdrucksenkung oder Isoproterenol sowie ihrer Beeinflussung durch Beta-Blockade.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Apr 9 1985, 92(4) p135-9 MJBlood Pressure; Dogs; Exertion; Hemodynamics; Isoproterenol; Propranolol MNCardiac Output /DE; Heart Rate /DE; Myocardial Contraction /DE; Nitroprusside /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004212 TI[Experiences with the administration of practical training courses in pharmacology for students of veterinary medicine] AURohte O TT[Erfahrungen mit der Durchfuhrung von pharmakologischen Praktika fur Studenten der Tiermedizin.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Apr 9 1985, 92(4) p139-41 MJCurriculum; Education, Veterinary; Pharmacology MNGermany, West MCEnglish Abstract RN14769-73-4 (Levamisole) IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004213 TI[Circulatory effects of levamisole in the dog following intestinal application] AUBarke E TT[Kreislaufwirkungen von Levamisol beim Hund nach intestinaler Applikation.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Apr 9 1985, 92(4) p142-4 MJDogs; Hemodynamics; Levamisole /PD MNDuodenum; Injections /VE; Levamisole /AD; Receptors, Adrenergic /DE MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004214 TI[Model experiments with rats fed peloid and peloid extracts] AUFink J TT[Modellversuche an Ratten mit Moor und Moorextrakten.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Apr 9 1985, 92(4) p145-7 MJAnimal Feed; Rats /GD; Soil MNBody Weight; Food, Fortified; Organ Weight; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats /BL MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female; Male RN1302-78-9 (Bentonite); 1401-69-0 (tylosin); 1405-53-4 (farmazin TB) IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004215 TI[Comparative study of the distribution and excretion of tylosin of various origins] AUKietzmann M TT[Vergleichende Untersuchung zur Verteilung und Ausscheidung von Tylosin unterschiedlicher Provenienzen.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Apr 9 1985, 92(4) p147-9 MJLeucomycins /ME; Rats MNBentonite /ME; Drug Combinations /ME; Half-Life; Leucomycins /BL; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tissue Distribution MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004216 TI[Intermediary effects in nonspecific defense mechanisms] AUJablonski H TT[Versuche uber intermediare Effekte im unspezifischen Abwehrgeschehen.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Apr 9 1985, 92(4) p149-51 MJImmunity, Natural; Proteins; Spleen; Vaccines, Attenuated MNAscitic Fluid /PA; Bacterial Vaccines /PD; Heat; Macrophages /CY /DE; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Stress /PA; Viral Vaccines /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female; Male RNEC 3.4.21.8 (Kallikrein) IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004218 TI[Development and significance of diuretics] AUBuntenkotter S TT[Entwicklung und Bedeutung von Diuretika.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Apr 9 1985, 92(4) p154-60 MJDiuretics MNChemistry; Diuresis /DE; Diuretics /PD /TO /TU; Doping in Sports /PC; Edema /DT; Heart /DE; Kallikrein /PH; Kidney /DE /PH; Prostaglandins /PH; Renin-Angiotensin System /DE; Stimulation, Chemical MCEnglish Abstract; Review MTAnimal; Human IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004219 TI[Postoperative studies following surgical treatment of teat injuries in cattle] AUWigger J; Martig J TT[Verlaufsuntersuchungen nach operativer Behandlung von Zitzenverletzungen beim Rind.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Jul 24 1985, 92(7-8) p247-51 MJCattle Diseases; Mammae; Wound Healing MNCattle; Mastitis, Bovine /OC; Postoperative Complications /OC /VE MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004220 TI[Therapy of teat stenoses in cattle using cryosurgery] AUHeuwieser W; Rosenbruch M; Zaremba W TT[Untersuchungen zur Therapie von Zitzenstenosen beim Rind mittels Kryochirurgie.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Jul 24 1985, 92(7-8) p251-5 MJCattle Diseases /SU; Cryosurgery /VE; Mammae /SU MNCattle Diseases /PA; Cattle; Cryosurgery /MT; Mammae /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN2529-45-5 (Cronolone) IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004221 TI[Experiences with hormonal estrus synchronization in sheep in practical herd management] AUGunzel AR ; Sorvisto P TT[Erfahrungen mit der hormonellen Brunstsynchronisation beim Schaf im praktischen Herdenmanagement.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Jul 24 1985, 92(7-8) p255-7 MJBreeding; Cronolone; Estrus Synchronization; Gonadotropins, Equine; Pregnenediones; Sheep MNFertility; Insemination MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004222 TI[Cerebrospinal fluid studies in Listeria meningoencephalitis of cattle] AUGrottker S TT[Liquor-Untersuchungen bei der listerienbedingten Meningoenzephalitis des Rindes.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Jul 24 1985, 92(7-8) p257-9 MJCattle Diseases; Listeria Infections /VE; Meningitis, Listeria /VE; Meningoencephalitis /VE MNCattle; Cerebrospinal Fluid /CY /MI; Glucose /CF; Listeria Infections /CF; Meningitis, Listeria /CF; Meningoencephalitis /CF MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004223 TI[The value of urine and blood studies for the assessment of the calcium supply in dairy cows] AUBuhmann M; Grunder HD TT[Der Wert von Harn- oder Blutuntersuchunger fur die Beurteilung der Kalziumversorgung bei Milchkuhen.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Jul 24 1985, 92(7-8) p259-62 MJCalcium, Dietary; Calcium /ME; Cattle MNCalcium /BL /UR; Eating; Milk /SE; Nutritional Requirements; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN9007-36-7 (Complement) IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004224 TI[Modification of the Aujeszky's virus neutralization test attributable different test conditions] AUWittmann G; Leitzke I TT[Die Beeinflussung des Aujeszkyvirus-Neutralisationstests durch verschiedene Testbedingungen.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Jul 24 1985, 92(7-8) p262-6 MJAntibodies, Viral; Neutralization Tests; Pseudorabies Virus MNCattle; Cell Line; Cercopithecus aethiops; Complement /IM; Hamsters; Kidney; Swine; Time Factors; Virus Cultivation MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004225 TI[Usefulness of urine test strips for the detection of leukocyturia as a screening study in sow herds] AUPetersen B TT[Die Brauchbarkeit von Harnteststreifen zum Nachweis der Leukozyturie als Screening-Untersuchung in Sauenherden.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Jul 24 1985, 92(7-8) p266-70 MJIndicators and Reagents; Leukocytes; Mass Screening /VE; Reagent Strips; Swine Diseases; Urine MNMass Screening /MT; Swine MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004226 TI[Latrodectism in man and animals as well as great epizootics of the previous century caused by Latrodectus] AUMaretic Z ; Habermehl G TT[Latrodektismus bei Menschen und Tieren sowie grosse Tierseuchen des vorigen Jahrhunderts, hervorgerufen durch Latrodektus.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Jul 24 1985, 92(7-8) p270-3 MJArachnidism; Black Widow Spider; Spiders MNArachnidism /VE; Disease Outbreaks /VE MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Human IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004227 TI[Significant contributions to veterinary medicine in the writings of Nicander] AUHausmann W PSNicander TT[Veterinarmedizinisch bedeutsame Textstellen bei NIKANDROS.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Jul 24 1985, 92(7-8) p273-5 MJMedicine in Literature; Plants, Medicinal; Veterinary Medicine MNGreece; History of Medicine, Ancient MCEnglish Abstract; Historical Article; Historical Biography IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004228 TI[Effect of experimental rumen acidosis on mammary gland function and various physical and chemical parameters of milk in cattle] AUNicpon J ; Hejlasz Z TT[Einfluss einer experimentellen Pansenazidose auf die Milchdrusenfunktion sowie einige physikalische und chemische Parameter der Milch des Rindes.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Jul 24 1985, 92(7-8) p275-8 MJAcidosis /VE; Cattle Diseases; Dietary Carbohydrates; Mammae; Milk /ME MNAcidosis /ME; Cattle; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Milk /AN MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004229 TI[Initial experiences in the treatment of virus-induced diarrheas in calves with interferon produced by genetic engineering] AUHofmann W; Danner K; Seeger K TT[Erste Erfahrungen bei der Behandlung von virusbedingten Kalberdurchfallen mit gentechnisch erzeugtem Interferon.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Jul 24 1985, 92(7-8) p278-80 MJCattle Diseases; Coronavirus Infections /VE; Diarrhea /VE; Interferon Type I; Rotavirus Infections /VE MNCattle; Coronaviridae; Coronavirus Infections /TH; Diarrhea /TH; Rotavirus Infections /TH; Rotaviruses; Tissue Culture MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004230 TI[Lymphatic leukosis in a boar] AUVollmar H; Hermanns W; Murmann W TT[Lymphatische Leukose bei einem Eber.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Jul 24 1985, 92(7-8) p280-3 MJLeukemia, Lymphoblastic /VE; Swine Diseases MNBone Marrow /PA; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic /PA /PP; Liver /PA; Lymph Nodes /PA; Swine Diseases /PP; Swine MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Case Report; Male IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004231 TI[Consumer- and causality-oriented monitoring of foodstuffs of animal origin--report on test runs in different regions of Lower Saxony] AUAnhalt G TT[Verbraucher- und ursachenorientiertes Monitoring bei Lebensmitteln tierischer Herkunft--Bericht uber Probelaufe in verschiedenen Regionen Niedersachsens.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Jul 24 1985, 92(7-8) p283-6 MJConsumer Product Safety; Food Contamination; Meat; Milk MNAnimals, Wild; Blood Chemical Analysis /VE; Cattle; Drugs /AN; Feces /AN; Germany, West; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated /AN; Metals /AN; Swine MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004232 TI[Conditions of animal health] AUSchmid W TT[Rahmenbedingungen zur Tiergesundheit.] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Jul 24 1985, 92(7-8) p287-8 MJAgriculture; Animal Husbandry; Animal Welfare MNAnimal Husbandry /EC; Reproduction; Swine Diseases /OC; Swine /PH MTAnimal RN9006-04-6 (Rubber) IS0341-6593 LAGerman JCECT UI86004233 TI[Ileal obstipation in a horse following intake of rubber material] AUCoenen M; Lindner A TT[Ileumobstipation bei einem Pferd nach Aufnahme von Gummimaterial (Kurzmitteilung).] EM8601 SODTW (Germany, West), Jul 24 1985, 92(7-8) p288 MJConstipation /VE; Horse Diseases; Ileal Diseases; Intestinal Obstruction /VE; Rubber MNConstipation /ET; Horses; Intestinal Obstruction /ET MTAnimal; Case Report; Male RN62893-19-0 (Cefoperazone); 64485-93-4 (Cefotaxime); 64952-97-2 (Moxalactam); 68403-31-6 (ceftizoxime); 72558-82-8 (Ceftazidime); 73384-59-5 (Ceftriaxone) IS0012-6667 LAEnglish JCEC2 SBM UI86004234 TIPharmacokinetic properties of the newer cephalosporins. A valid basis for drug selection? AUNoble JT; Barza M EM8601 SODrugs (Australia), Sep 1985, 30(3) p175-81 MJCephalosporins MNBile /ME; Cefoperazone /ME; Cefotaxime /AA /ME; Ceftazidime /ME; Ceftriaxone /ME; Cephalosporins /TU; Half-Life; Kinetics; Moxalactam /ME MTHuman RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 86-54-4 (Hydralazine) IS0012-6667 LAEnglish JCEC2 SBM UI86004235 TINifedipine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy, in ischaemic heart disease, hypertension and related cardiovascular disorders. AUSorkin EM; Clissold SP; Brogden RN EM8601 SODrugs (Australia), Sep 1985, 30(3) p182-274 MJCardiovascular Diseases; Nifedipine /PD MNAbsorption; Adrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /PD; Angina Pectoris /DT; Blood Platelets /DE; Calcium Channel Blockers /PD; Clinical Trials; Coronary Circulation /DE; Drug Interactions; Exertion; Heart Conduction System /DE; Heart Failure, Congestive /DT; Hemodynamics /DE; Histamine Liberation /DE; Hydralazine /PD; Hypertension /DT; Kidney /DE; Kinetics; Myocardial Infarction /DT; Nifedipine /ME /TU; Oxygen Consumption /DE MCReview MTAnimal; Human IS0012-6667 LAEnglish JCEC2 SBM UI86004236 TIVertigo. Current concepts in management. ABVertigo is not a disease, but a symptom. The management of vertigo requires more than the treatment of the symptom alone, as it concerns the whole physical and psychological condition of the patient. In addition to causal treatment, symptomatic treatment is needed in many cases. This specific treatment consists of vestibular exercises and drug therapy. The efficacy and use of the different drugs available are discussed. AUOosterveld WJ EM8601 SODrugs (Australia), Sep 1985, 30(3) p275-83 MJVertigo MNDiuretics /TU; Exercise Therapy; Meniere's Disease /SU; Vasodilator Agents /TU; Vestibular Apparatus /DE MTHuman RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); 58-82-2 (Bradykinin); 9041-90-1 (Angiotensin I) IS0012-6667 LAEnglish JCEC2 SBM UI86004237 TIHistory of the development of inhibitors of angiotensin I conversion. ABThe major steps in the initial development of angiotensin I conversion inhibitors are described, from the discovery of the Bothrops peptides (bradykinin potentiating factor) to the demonstration of the therapeutic potential. It is a history where chance, serendipity and clear scientific reasoning weaved together the work of several scientists. It is also a classical example of drug development for which the initial basic research was made at the university, but the useful product was achieved by industry. AUFerreira SH EM8601 SODrugs (Australia), 1985, 30 Suppl 1 p1-5 MJAngiotensin I; Angiotensins; Antihypertensive Agents; Kininase II MNBiotransformation; Bradykinin /ME; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Molecular Weight MCHistorical Article MTHuman RN75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0012-6667 LAEnglish JCEC2 SBM UI86004238 TIA new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor: treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Proceedings of an international symposium on enalapril, sponsored by Merck Sharp & Dohme International, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 10, 1984. EM8601 SODrugs (Australia), 1985, 30 Suppl 1 p1-96 MJAntihypertensive Agents; Enalapril; Enzyme Inhibitors; Heart Failure, Congestive; Hypertension MTHuman RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0012-6667 LAEnglish JCEC2 SBM UI86004239 TIEnalapril: a review of human pharmacology. ABEnalapril, an orally-active, long-acting, nonsulphydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is extensively hydrolysed in vivo to enalaprilat, its bioactive form. Bioactivation probably occurs in the liver. Metabolism beyond activation to enalaprilat is not observed in man. Administration with food does not affect the bioavailability of enalapril; excretion of enalapril and enalaprilat is primarily renal. Peak serum enalaprilat concentrations are reached 4 hours post-dose, and the profile is polyphasic with a prolonged terminal half-life (greater than 30 hours) due to the binding of enalaprilat to ACE. Steady-state is achieved by the fourth daily dose, with no evidence of accumulation. The effective accumulation half-life following multiple dosing is 11 hours. Higher serum concentrations and delayed urinary excretion occur in patients with severe renal insufficiency. Enalapril reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients by decreasing systemic vascular resistance. The blood pressure reduction is not accompanied by an increase in heart rate. Furthermore, cardiac output is slightly increased and cardiovascular reflexes are not impaired. Once- and twice-daily dosage regimens reduce blood pressure to a similar extent. Enalapril increases renal blood flow and decreases renal vascular resistance. Enalapril also augments the glomerular filtration rate in patients with a glomerular filtration rate less than 80 ml/min. Enalapril reduces left ventricular mass, and does not affect cardiac function or myocardial perfusion during exercise. There is no rebound hypertension after enalapril therapy is stopped. Enalapril does not produce hypokalaemia, hyperglycaemia, hyperuricaemia or hypercholesterolaemia. When combined with hydrochlorothiazide, enalapril attenuates the undesirable diuretic-induced metabolic changes. Therapeutic doses of enalapril do not affect serum prolactin and plasma cortisol in healthy volunteers or T3, rT3, T4 and TSH in hypertensive patients. Enalapril has natriuretic and uricosuric properties. The antihypertensive effect of enalapril is potentiated by hydrochlorothiazide, timolol and methyldopa, but unaffected by indomethacin and sulindac. No interactions occur between enalapril and frusemide, hydrochlorothiazide, digoxin and warfarin. The bioavailability of enalapril is slightly reduced when propranolol is coadministered, but this does not appear to be of any clinical significance. Enalapril increases cardiac output and stroke volume and decreases pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in patients with congestive heart failure refractory to conventional treatment with digitalis and diuretics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) AUGomez HJ; Cirillo VJ; Irvin JD EM8601 SODrugs (Australia), 1985, 30 Suppl 1 p13-24 MJEnalapril /PD; Kininase II MNAntihypertensive Agents /AE /TU; Drug Interactions; Enalapril /AE /ME /TU; Heart Failure, Congestive /DT; Hypertension, Renal /DT; Kinetics; Renal Circulation /DE; Time Factors MCReview MTHuman RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0012-6667 LAEnglish JCEC2 SBM UI86004240 TICardiovascular pathophysiology of essential hypertension: a clue to therapy. ABArterial hypertension is by definition a haemodynamic disorder. At least 3 different subsets of cardiovascular pathophysiological features can be identified in so-called essential hypertension: The young lean patient characterised by an elevated cardiac output and renal blood flow, elevated plasma renin activity and circulating catecholamine levels, as well as symptoms and signs of hyperadrenergic hypertension. The elderly patient characterised by a low cardiac output often with left ventricular hypertrophy, elevated total peripheral resistance, nephrosclerosis, and symptoms and signs of target organ disease. The obese patient (and to a lesser degree the black patient) characterised by expanded fluid volume state, elevated cardiac output, a normal to low total peripheral resistance, and symptoms and signs of volume overload. To initiate antihypertensive therapy, the drug of choice in the young patient is a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker; in the elderly it is a haemodynamic vasodilator (anti-adrenergic drug, slow channel calcium blocker, or converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor), and in black or obese patients it remains a thiazide diuretic. Enalapril, a new ACE inhibitor is indicated as a first-step agent in the great majority of hypertensive patients in whom the elevated arterial pressure should be reduced by a decrease in total peripheral resistance, without compromising systemic or regional blood flow. In contrast to other antihypertensive agents, enalapril will lower preload and afterload to the left ventricle while improving systemic and regional flow in elderly patients with latent or manifest congestive heart failure. AUMesserli FH; Ventura HO EM8601 SODrugs (Australia), 1985, 30 Suppl 1 p25-34 MJHemodynamics; Hypertension /PP MNAntihypertensive Agents /TU; Arrhythmia /PP; Coronary Disease /PP; Enalapril /PD /TU; Heart Enlargement /PP; Heart /PP; Hypertension /DT /ET; Kininase II /AI; Obesity /CO; Racial Stocks MCReview MTHuman RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 58-93-5 (Hydrochlorothiazide); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0012-6667 LAEnglish JCEC2 SBM UI86004241 TIEnalapril in essential hypertension. ABIt is now well recognised that the renin-angiotensin system plays a key role in the control of blood pressure not only through circulating angiotensin II but through its interaction with the autonomic and central nervous systems. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have proved to be effective in lowering blood pressure in different types of hypertension. This study evaluates the antihypertensive effects of enalapril, a new, potent, long acting ACE inhibitor. 50 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension were included in 4 groups. Group I was used to compare the effects of enalapril and propranolol on blood pressure, renal function, plasma renin activity, aldosterone excretion and plasma lipids in 24 patients after 23 weeks. Group II was used to evaluate long term effects (48 weeks) of these drugs in 13 patients. Group III included 32 patients that received enalapril as monotherapy for 6 to 12 weeks. Group IV was studied to estimate the antihypertensive effect of low doses of hydrochlorothiazide in 18 patients receiving enalapril. The effect on mean blood pressure was similar with enalapril and propranolol (enalapril 117 versus 103 mm Hg and propranolol 115 versus 104 mm Hg); however, the glomerular filtration rate decreased with propranolol (105 versus 87 ml/min; p less than 0.05) and was unaltered with enalapril (102 versus 98 ml/min). Triglycerides rose with propranolol (179 versus 231 mg/dl; p less than 0.05) and did not change with enalapril (157 versus 121 mg/dl). In the long term, antihypertensive effects were similar and no significant side effects were observed. In 14/32 patients blood pressure became normal with enalapril alone. Low doses of hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 to 25 mg) decreased mean blood pressure by 10mm Hg when added to enalapril. The antihypertensive effect of enalapril was similar to that of propranolol; however, the lowering effect on glomerular filtration rate of propranolol did not occur with enalapril. A slight rise in triglycerides occurred only with propranolol. No significant side effects were observed with either propranolol or enalapril. Used as monotherapy, enalapril normalised blood pressure in 44% of cases. Addition of low doses of hydrochlorothiazide significantly increased the antihypertensive effect of enalapril. AUHerrera-Acosta J; Perez-Grovas H ; Fernandez M ; Arriaga J EM8601 SODrugs (Australia), 1985, 30 Suppl 1 p35-46 MJAntihypertensive Agents /TU; Enalapril /TU; Hypertension MNAdult; Aged; Aldosterone /UR; Antihypertensive Agents /AE; Blood Pressure /DE; Catecholamines /UR; Enalapril /AE; Hydrochlorothiazide /TU; Hypertension /PP; Middle Age; Propranolol /TU; Renal Circulation /DE; Renin /BL MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.4.21.8 (Kallikrein); EC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0012-6667 LAEnglish JCEC2 SBM UI86004242 TINatriuretic effect and changes in renal haemodynamics induced by enalapril in essential hypertension. ABThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the natriuretic effect and renal haemodynamic changes induced by enalapril in patients with essential hypertension. In a group of 11 patients with mild to moderate hypertension with normal renal function, and on a controlled sodium intake (80 mmol/day), a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed (p less than 0.001) after 16 weeks of enalapril treatment (20 mg/day), without a change in heart rate. An increase in plasma renin activity (p less than 0.05) without changes in serum aldosterone, and a decrease in exchangeable sodium (p less than 0.001) were present at the end of the treatment period. In 10 hypertensive patients also taking a dietary sodium of 80 mmol/day, the renal haemodynamics, humoral changes, and urinary sodium excretion were measured during 4 days of enalapril treatment (20 mg/day). There was an increase in urinary sodium excretion on the 3rd and 4th days of treatment (p less than 0.01). The effective renal plasma flow and fractional sodium excretion increased 72 hours after the beginning of treatment (p less than 0.01); the glomerular filtration rate did not change, and filtration fraction decreased at 72 hours. Mean blood pressure fell 2 hours after the first dose (p less than 0.01), and the maximum drop in intrarenal vascular resistance occurred after 72 hours of treatment (p less than 0.01). Plasma renin activity increased (p less than 0.05) and serum aldosterone decreased (p less than 0.01) 2 hours after the first dose. Thereafter, serum aldosterone increased progressively until it reached values similar to those with placebo at 48 and 72 hours of treatment. Urinary kallikrein fell during the 2nd and 3rd day of treatment (p less than 0.01). It was concluded that the decrease in exchangeable sodium was due to a natriuretic effect of enalapril. This effect presumably results from renal haemodynamic changes due to the reduction of angiotensin II. Other mechanisms, such as the reduction of aldosterone and accumulation of kinins, could be contributory factors. AUSanchez RA ; Marco E ; Gilbert HB; Raffaele P; Brito M; Gimenez M ; Moledo LI EM8601 SODrugs (Australia), 1985, 30 Suppl 1 p49-58 MJAntihypertensive Agents; Enalapril; Hypertension /PP; Natriuresis; Renal Circulation MNAdolescence; Adult; Aldosterone /BL; Antihypertensive Agents /TU; Blood Pressure /DE; Enalapril /TU; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Heart Rate /DE; Hypertension /DT; Kallikrein /UR; Middle Age; Renin /BL; Sodium /UR; Vascular Resistance /DE MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 58-93-5 (Hydrochlorothiazide); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0012-6667 LAEnglish JCEC2 SBM UI86004243 TIEnalapril versus triple-drug therapy in the treatment of renovascular hypertension. AB18 renovascular hypertensive patients were entered into a randomised, double-blind protocol to assess the safety and efficacy of enalapril (5 to 20 mg twice-daily) and hydrochlorothiazide (50 to 100 mg/day), versus triple-drug therapy employing hydrochlorothiazide (50 to 100 mg/day), timolol (10 to 30 mg twice-daily) and hydralazine (50 to 150 mg twice-daily). Specifically monitored were the effects of each drug regimen on blood pressure, plasma renin activity and angiotensin II, glomerular filtration rate by insulin clearance, and effective renal plasma flow by para-aminohippurate clearance. Results indicate that enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide was more effective than triple-drug therapy in lowering blood pressure. All patients on enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide had excellent control of blood pressure, and there were no adverse effects. In contrast, 50% of the patients on triple-drug therapy had either uncontrolled blood pressure or significant drug-related side effects. Patients who were uncontrolled or intolerant of triple-drug therapy were well controlled on enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide. Patients on enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide demonstrated stimulation of plasma renin activity with inhibition of plasma angiotensin II, indicating adherence with therapy. Therapy for both unilateral and bilateral renovascular hypertension with enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide did not result in reductions in either glomerular filtration rate or effective renal plasma flow, except in 1 patient with a functional solitary stenotic kidney. In contrast, triple-drug therapy was generally associated with modest reductions in glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow, with a severe reduction in glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow occurring in 1 patient with bilateral symmetrical renovascular disease. We conclude that the combination of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide is a safer and more effective regimen, compared with triple-drug therapy, for the treatment of renovascular hypertension. AUReams GP; Bauer JH EM8601 SODrugs (Australia), 1985, 30 Suppl 1 p59-69 MJAntihypertensive Agents /TU; Enalapril; Hypertension, Renovascular MNAngiotensin II /BL; Antihypertensive Agents /AD; Blood Pressure /DE; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hydrochlorothiazide /AD; Kidney Diseases /CO; Middle Age; Random Allocation; Renal Circulation /DE; Renin /BL; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0012-6667 LAEnglish JCEC2 SBM UI86004244 TIThe renin-angiotensin system in the control of systemic arterial pressure. ABThe renin-angiotensin system through its active octapeptide, angiotensin II, has an important role in systemic arterial pressure control. Angiotensin II is a potent direct vasoconstrictor and is also the main regulator of aldosterone secretion. The complete analysis of the role of angiotensin II has to take into account the prevailing sodium balance for a given level of angiotensin II and also its indirect action upon the sympathetic nervous system as well as other hormonal systems. A number of studies have provided evidence for an important role for the renin-angiotensin system in renovascular hypertension, malignant and severe hypertension, as well as in mild to moderate forms of essential hypertension. AURibeiro AB; Kohlmann O Jr; Saragoca MA ; Marson O; Ramos OL EM8601 SODrugs (Australia), 1985, 30 Suppl 1 p6-12 MJAngiotensin II; Blood Pressure; Renin-Angiotensin System MNHypertension /PP; Sodium /PH; Sympathetic Nervous System /PP; Time Factors; Vasoconstriction MCReview MTAnimal; Human RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); 58-93-5 (Hydrochlorothiazide); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0012-6667 LAEnglish JCEC2 SBM UI86004245 TIEnalapril maleate versus captopril. A comparison of the hormonal and antihypertensive effects. AB24 hypertensive patients were randomised into 2 groups to compare the antihypertensive effects of enalapril and captopril over a 10-week period. In the hydrochlorothiazide run-in period, blood pressure was reduced from 171 +/- 4/109 +/- 1mm Hg to 160 +/- 4/103 +/- 1mm Hg (p less than 0.05). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition decreased blood pressure to 132 +/- 3/87 +/- 2mm Hg. Captopril decreased diastolic blood pressure significantly more after 3 hours than enalapril (-24 versus -17mm Hg, p less than 0.05). After 10 weeks of therapy, this antihypertensive response was maintained at 134 +/- 3/83 +/- 1mm Hg. There was no difference between the captopril and enalapril treated groups. Acute and chronic responses of plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and ACE were determined. There was an acute positive correlation between the rise in plasma renin activity and the fall in blood pressures with captopril but not with enalapril. With chronic treatment there was no difference in the ability of either of the 2 drugs to reduce blood pressure, inhibit ACE, reduce aldosterone or stimulate plasma renin activity. AUAyers CR; Baker KM; Weaver BA; Lehman MR EM8601 SODrugs (Australia), 1985, 30 Suppl 1 p70-3 MJAntihypertensive Agents /TU; Captopril /TU; Enalapril /TU; Hormones; Hypertension MNAdult; Antihypertensive Agents /PD; Blood Pressure /DE; Captopril /PD; Enalapril /PD; Hydrochlorothiazide /TU; Hypertension /PP; Kininase II /AI; Middle Age; Random Allocation MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0012-6667 LAEnglish JCEC2 SBM UI86004246 TIEffects of enalapril on clinical status, biochemistry, exercise performance and haemodynamics in heart failure. ABThe effects of enalapril on clinical well-being, treadmill exercise performance, haemodynamic measurements, hormone levels, and plasma biochemistry in patients with moderate heart failure, were assessed in a 12-week placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Maintenance frusemide and digoxin treatment was continued throughout the study. Compared with placebo, enalapril treatment improved clinical status and increased exercise capacity. The most obvious haemodynamic change was a fall in pulmonary artery wedge pressure and pulmonary artery pressure. Enalapril-induced increases in left-ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac index, and falls in systemic arterial pressure, were small. Of the hormone indices measured, plasma renin activity rose 4-fold, angiotensin II and aldosterone fell slightly, and plasma catecholamines were unaltered by enalapril. Plasma potassium increased on average by 0.3 mmol/L during enalapril therapy. No adverse clinical or biochemical effects were observed. Enalapril has a sustained beneficial action in patients with moderate heart failure. AUWebster MW; Fitzpatrick MA; Hamilton EJ; Nicholls MG; Ikram H; Espiner EA; Wells JE EM8601 SODrugs (Australia), 1985, 30 Suppl 1 p74-81 MJAntihypertensive Agents /TU; Enalapril /TU; Exertion; Heart Failure, Congestive /DT; Hemodynamics MNAdult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents /PD; Body Weight /DE; Catecholamines /BL; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Enalapril /PD; Heart Failure, Congestive /BL /PP; Middle Age; Random Allocation; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN37350-58-6 (Metoprolol); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 58-93-5 (Hydrochlorothiazide); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0012-6667 LAEnglish JCEC2 SBM UI86004247 TIEnalapril in hypertension and congestive heart failure. Overall review of efficacy and safety. ABMulticlinic controlled studies have shown that enalapril alone 10 to 40 mg/day orally is effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Enalapril has been compared with thiazides and beta-blockers (propranolol, metoprolol and atenolol). The effect on systolic blood pressure has been greater with enalapril than with beta-blockers. The proportion of patients who respond to enalapril alone with a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (greater than or equal to 10mm Hg) is around 70%. When a thiazide is added to the treatment, the proportion is above 90%. Enalapril improves the signs and symptoms associated with congestive heart failure. Patients increased their exercise tolerance by an average of 148 sec and improved in their NYHA cardiac status and prognosis classification. The overall incidence of side effects is similar to that seen in the placebo control groups. Side effects such as agranulocytosis, taste loss, rash, proteinuria were not characteristic of enalapril. This supports the hypothesis that the improved safety profile of enalapril is the result of being a nonsulphydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The most common side effects reported were dizziness, headache and asthenia. Abnormalities in electrolytes, uric acid, glucose or in lipids have generally not been associated with enalapril. AUMoncloa F; Sromovsky JA; Walker JF; Davies RO EM8601 SODrugs (Australia), 1985, 30 Suppl 1 p82-9 MJAntihypertensive Agents /TU; Enalapril /TU; Heart Failure, Congestive; Hypertension MNAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /TU; Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents /AE; Blood Pressure /DE; Enalapril /AE; Exertion; Hydrochlorothiazide /TU; Metoprolol /TU; Middle Age; Propranolol /TU MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male RN57-83-0 (Progesterone); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0012-7183 LAFinnish JCEDD UI86004248 TI[Follicular development and regulation] AURanta T TT[Munarakkulan kehitys ja sen saately.] EM8601 SODuodecim (Finland), 1985, 101(15) p1431-40 MJGonadotropins, Pituitary; Graafian Follicle MNEstrogens /PH; FSH /PH; LH /PH; Ovulation; Progesterone /PH MTFemale; Human IS0012-7183 LAFinnish JCEDD UI86004249 TI[Gynecologic problems in teenagers] AUSiegberg R; Widholm O TT[Teini-ikaisten gynekologiset ongelmat.] EM8601 SODuodecim (Finland), 1985, 101(15) p1441-6 MJGenital Diseases, Female; Menstruation Disorders MNAdolescence; Amenorrhea /DI; Menstruation Disorders /PP; Sex Maturation; Turner's Syndrome /DI MTFemale; Human IS0012-7183 LAFinnish JCEDD UI86004250 TI[Polycystic ovaries] AULaatikainen T TT[Polykystiset munasarjat.] EM8601 SODuodecim (Finland), 1985, 101(15) p1447-53 MJPolycystic Ovary Syndrome /TH MNGonadotropins, Pituitary /SE; Graafian Follicle /PP; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome /PP; Sex Hormones /SE MTFemale; Human IS0012-7183 LAFinnish JCEDD UI86004251 TI[Therapy of infertility] AURonnberg L ; Ylostalo P TT[Lapsettomuuden hoito.] EM8601 SODuodecim (Finland), 1985, 101(15) p1455-63 MJInfertility, Female /TH MNAdult; Combined Modality Therapy; Endometriosis /CO /TH; Infertility, Female /ET; Insemination, Artificial /MT; Ovary /SU; Ovulation Induction /MT MTFemale; Human; Male RN911-45-5 (Clomiphene) IS0012-7183 LAFinnish JCEDD UI86004252 TI[In vitro fertilization] AUSeppala M ; Koskimies AI TT[Koeputkihedelmoitys.] EM8601 SODuodecim (Finland), 1985, 101(15) p1464-74 MJFertilization in Vitro MNClomiphene /TU; Ethics, Medical; Finland; Gonadotropins, Chorionic /TU; Jurisprudence; Ovulation /DE MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-7183 LAFinnish JCEDD UI86004253 TI[Extrauterine pregnancy] AUSaarikoski S TT[Kohdunulkoinen raskaus.] EM8601 SODuodecim (Finland), 1985, 101(15) p1475-80 MJPregnancy, Ectopic MNIntrauterine Devices /AE; Pregnancy, Ectopic /ET /SU; Pregnancy; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MTFemale; Human IS0012-7183 LAFinnish JCEDD UI86004254 TI[Disorders of the menstrual cycle] AUYlikorkala O TT[Kuukautiskiertoon liittyvat vaivat.] EM8601 SODuodecim (Finland), 1985, 101(15) p1481-5 MJMenstruation Disorders MNAdolescence; Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Dysmenorrhea /TH; Menorrhagia /TH; Middle Age; Premenstrual Syndrome /TH MTFemale; Human IS0012-7183 LAFinnish JCEDD UI86004256 TI[Precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix] AUPurola E TT[Kohdunkaulan syovan esiasteet.] EM8601 SODuodecim (Finland), 1985, 101(15) p1496-503 MJCervix Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions MNCarcinoma in Situ /DI; Cervix Dysplasia /DI; Cervix Neoplasms /ET /SU; Precancerous Conditions /ET /SU MTFemale; Human IS0012-7183 LAFinnish JCEDD UI86004257 TI[Urinary incontinence] AUKujansuu E TT[Virtsainkontinenssi.] EM8601 SODuodecim (Finland), 1985, 101(15) p1504-11 MJUrinary Incontinence /PP; Urodynamics MNAdult; Aged; Combined Modality Therapy; Cystoscopy; Manometry; Middle Age; Urinary Incontinence /DI /TH; Urography MTFemale; Human IS0012-7183 LAFinnish JCEDD UI86004258 TI[Ovarian cancer--the gynecologist's greatest challenge] AUKivinen S; Vesterinen E TT[Munasarjasyopa--gynekologian suuri haaste.] EM8601 SODuodecim (Finland), 1985, 101(15) p1512-9 MJOvarian Neoplasms MNAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Carcinoembryonic Antigen /AN; Combined Modality Therapy; Immunotherapy; Ovariectomy MTFemale; Human IS0012-7183 LAFinnish JCEDD UI86004259 TI[Gynecological problems after the menopause] AUSalmi T TT[Gynekologiset ongelmat vaihdevuosien jalkeen.] EM8601 SODuodecim (Finland), 1985, 101(15) p1520-6 MJClimacteric; Menopause MNBreast Neoplasms /CI; Climacteric /DE; Estrogens /AE /TU; Lipids /BL; Middle Age; Osteoporosis /PC; Risk; Uterine Neoplasms /CI MTFemale; Human RN9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) IS0145-5613 LAEnglish JCEDF UI86004260 TIA physician's view of dysthyroid disease. AUOrmerod TP EM8601 SOEar Nose Throat J (United States), Aug 1985, 64(8) p364-9 MJHyperthyroidism; Myxedema MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Hyperthyroidism /DI /PP /TH; Middle Age; Myxedema /DI /PP /TH; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Hormones /PH; Thyrotropin /PH MTFemale; Human; Male IS0145-5613 LAEnglish JCEDF UI86004261 TIRadioactive iodine therapy of thyrotoxicosis. AUOwen JR EM8601 SOEar Nose Throat J (United States), Aug 1985, 64(8) p370-4 MJHyperthyroidism; Iodine Radioisotopes /TU MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Follow-Up Studies; Hypothyroidism /ET; Iodine Radioisotopes /AE; Middle Age MTHuman IS0145-5613 LAEnglish JCEDF UI86004262 TIAnesthesia for thyroid surgery. AUMercer DM; Eltringham RJ EM8601 SOEar Nose Throat J (United States), Aug 1985, 64(8) p375-8 MJAnesthesia; Thyroid Gland MNPostoperative Care; Postoperative Complications; Preoperative Care MTHuman IS0145-5613 LAEnglish JCEDF UI86004264 TIRadiotherapy for thyroid tumors and thyrotoxicosis. AUOwen JR EM8601 SOEar Nose Throat J (United States), Aug 1985, 64(8) p384-8 MJHyperthyroidism; Thyroid Neoplasms MNAdenocarcinoma /RT; Carcinoma, Papillary /RT; Carcinoma /RT; Iodine Radioisotopes /TU; Lymphoma /RT MTHuman IS0145-5613 LAEnglish JCEDF UI86004265 TIManagement of malignancy of the thyroid gland. AUHardingham M EM8601 SOEar Nose Throat J (United States), Aug 1985, 64(8) p389-93 MJThyroid Neoplasms /SU MNCombined Modality Therapy; Middle Age; Postoperative Care; Prognosis; Thyroid Neoplasms /DI /TH MTFemale; Human; Male IS0145-5613 LAEnglish JCEDF UI86004266 TIJuvenile rhabdomyosarcoma of middle ear and mastoid [letter] AUMisra SK; Srivastava RN; Gairola V; Agarwal A EM8601 SOEar Nose Throat J (United States), Aug 1985, 64(8) p397 MJEar Neoplasms; Ear, Middle; Mastoid; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Skull Neoplasms MNChild MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0145-5613 LAEnglish JCEDF UI86004267 TIPenetrating injuries of the larynx. AULucente FE; Mitrani M; Sacks SH; Biller HF EM8601 SOEar Nose Throat J (United States), Sep 1985, 64(9) p406-15 MJLarynx; Wounds, Penetrating /TH MNAdult; Aged; Larynx /RA; Middle Age; Wounds, Penetrating /RA MTFemale; Human; Male IS0145-5613 LAEnglish JCEDF UI86004268 TIOpen rhinoplasty. AUEzon FC EM8601 SOEar Nose Throat J (United States), Sep 1985, 64(9) p416-20 MJRhinoplasty MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0145-5613 LAEnglish JCEDF UI86004269 TIRhinolithiasis and maxillary antrolithiasis. AUDavis O; Wolff A EM8601 SOEar Nose Throat J (United States), Sep 1985, 64(9) p421-6 MJCalculi; Maxillary Sinus; Nose Diseases MNAdult; Calculi /SU; Maxillary Sinus /RA; Middle Age; Nose Diseases /SU; Paranasal Sinus Diseases /RA /SU MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0145-5613 LAEnglish JCEDF UI86004270 TIPetrous apicitis. AUContrucci RB; Sataloff RT; Myers DL EM8601 SOEar Nose Throat J (United States), Sep 1985, 64(9) p427-31 MJOsteitis; Petrous Bone MNAdolescence; Osteitis /ET /SU; Otitis Media /CO; Petrous Bone /RA /SU MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0145-5613 LAEnglish JCEDF UI86004271 TIThe endolymphatic sac operation for Meniere's disease. AUHuang TS EM8601 SOEar Nose Throat J (United States), Sep 1985, 64(9) p432-40 MJEndolymphatic Sac; Labyrinth; Meniere's Disease MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Methods; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0145-5613 LAEnglish JCEDF UI86004272 TITemporal bone involvement in Waardenburg's syndrome. AUGalich R EM8601 SOEar Nose Throat J (United States), Sep 1985, 64(9) p441-5 MJAbnormalities, Multiple; Deafness /PP; Temporal Bone; Waardenburg's Syndrome /PP MNAdolescence; Audiometry; Child, Preschool; Child; Deafness /CO; Infant; Vestibular Function Tests; Waardenburg's Syndrome /CO /PA MTFemale; Human; Male IS0145-5613 LAEnglish JCEDF UI86004273 TIA comparison of nasal balloons and posterior gauze packs for posterior epistaxis. AUCook PR; Renner G; Williams F EM8601 SOEar Nose Throat J (United States), Sep 1985, 64(9) p446-9 MJEpistaxis MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Methods; Middle Age MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0145-5613 LAEnglish JCEDF UI86004274 TIForeign body in the bronchus--an unusual case [letter] AUAgarwal RN EM8601 SOEar Nose Throat J (United States), Sep 1985, 64(9) p453 MJBronchi; Foreign Bodies MNChild MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004275 TIClinical presentation of congenital ichthyosis in two newborns seen at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). AUMusoke RN; Kungu EC; Ganda BK EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Feb 1985, 62(2) p101-4 MJIchthyosis MNInfant, Newborn; Kenya MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004276 TIThe nutritional status of Tanzanian children: A cross-sectional anthropometric community survey report. AUKimati VP; Scrimshaw NS EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Feb 1985, 62(2) p105-17 MJChild Nutrition; Nutrition Surveys; Protein-Calorie Malnutrition MNBody Height; Body Weight; Child, Preschool; Child; Tanzania MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004277 TIOther parasitic diseases found in patients with visceral leishmaniasis. AUChunge CN; Gachihi GS; Muigai R; Wasunna K; Rashid JR; Oster CN; Anabwani G EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Feb 1985, 62(2) p118-21 MJHookworm Infections; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Malaria; Schistosomiasis Mansoni MNKenya MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004278 TIEpidemiology of jaw tumours in Nyanza Province with special reference to Burkitt's lymphoma: report of preliminary findings at the Nyanza General Hospital, Kisumu, Kenya. AUKamunvi F; Njino MJ EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Feb 1985, 62(2) p122-8 MJBurkitt's Lymphoma; Jaw Neoplasms MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /OC; Child, Preschool; Child; Kenya; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004279 TINeurological disturbances in sickle cell disease in children in Zaria, Nigeria. AUYakubu AM; Werblinska B EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Feb 1985, 62(2) p129-33 MJAnemia, Sickle Cell; Nervous System Diseases /ET MNAdolescence; Anemia, Sickle Cell /DI; Child, Preschool; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Infant; Nervous System Diseases /DI; Nigeria MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004280 TIFoetal erythrocytes in the circulation of pregnant Nigerian women. AUAduba O; Esege N; Okeke P; Tabansi D EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Feb 1985, 62(2) p134-9 MJFetomaternal Transfusion MNErythrocytes /AN; Fetomaternal Transfusion /OC; Nigeria; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004281 TIAn unusual cause of maternal mortality in homozygous sickle cell anaemia in pregnancy: case report. AUSoyemi AO; Akinkugbe A; Elesha S EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Feb 1985, 62(2) p140-2 MJAnemia, Sickle Cell; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage MNAdult; Anemia, Sickle Cell /FG; Homozygote; Pregnancy MTCase Report; Female; Human RN2323-36-6 (Selegiline) IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004282 TIPractical therapeutics: advances in the management of Parkinson's disease. AUAdam AM EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Feb 1985, 62(2) p143-6 MJErgolines; Levodopa; Parasympatholytics; Parkinson Disease; Phenethylamines; Selegiline MTHuman IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004283 TI100 years of post-exposure rabies vaccination. AURees PH EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Feb 1985, 62(2) p77-8 MJRabies Vaccine; Rabies MTAnimal; Human RN10262-69-8 (Maprotiline); 303-49-1 (Clomipramine) IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004284 TISevere depression treatment: experience using maprotiline (Ludiomil) in combination with clomipramine (Anafranil). AUOvuga E EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Feb 1985, 62(2) p79-81 MJAnthracenes; Clomipramine; Depressive Disorder; Maprotiline MNAdolescence; Adult; Drug Therapy, Combination; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004285 TIManagement of rape victims in Benin City, Nigeria. AULusanya OO; Ogbemi S; Unuigbe J; Oronsaye A EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Feb 1985, 62(2) p82-9 MJRape MNAdolescence; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Child; Hospitalization; Nigeria MTFemale; Human IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004286 TIT and B lymphocyte populations in peripheral blood during the menstrual cycle in normal Kenyan women. AUTumbo-Oeri AG EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Feb 1985, 62(2) p90-5 MJB Lymphocytes; Menstrual Cycle; T Lymphocytes MNAdult; Kenya; Leukocyte Count; Rosette Formation MTFemale; Human IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004287 TIImmune complexes and immunoglobulins in Nigerian patients with typhoid fever. AUOnyemelukwe GC; Mohammed I; Ahmad A; Oneyinka GO EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Feb 1985, 62(2) p96-100 MJAntigen-Antibody Complex; Immunoglobulins; Typhoid MNNigeria MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004288 TIPsychiatric disorders in a general provincial hospital in Kenya. AUAcuda SW; Ovuga EB EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Apr 1985, 62(4) p229-35 MJHospitalization; Mental Disorders MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Hospitals, General; Kenya; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.2.1. (Amylases) IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004289 TIThe combined actions of saliva, human amylase and antibiotics on Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae. AURotimi VO; Eke PI EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Apr 1985, 62(4) p236-42 MJAmylases; Antibiotics; Saliva /MI; Streptococcus Agalactiae; Streptococcus Pyogenes MNAdult; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Saliva /EN MTHuman IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004290 TIPerinatal mortality surveys in an African teaching hospital: I. The past and present statistics. AUDawodu AH; Adewunmi OA; Marinho AO EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Apr 1985, 62(4) p243-51 MJHospitals, Teaching; Infant Mortality MNAdolescence; Adult; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Age; Nigeria; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Prospective Studies MTFemale; Human IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004291 TIEstimation of median age of eruption of permanent teeth in Kenyan African children. AUManji F; Mwaniki D EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Apr 1985, 62(4) p252-9 MJTooth Eruption MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004292 TIHuman Salmonella serotypes in Uganda, 1967-1982. AULubwama SW EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Apr 1985, 62(4) p260-5 MJSalmonella MNSalmonella /IP; Serotyping; Uganda MTHuman IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004293 TIShigella serotypes in Uganda, 1967-1982. AULubwama SW EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Apr 1985, 62(4) p266-70 MJShigella MNFeces /MI; Serotyping; Shigella /IP; Uganda MTHuman RNEC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase); EC 3.1.3.2 (Acid Phosphatase); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate) IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004294 TIA clinical, biochemical and histochemical study of carcinoma of the cervix as seen at the Kenyatta National Hospital. AUOrinda DA; Ojwang SB; Shiramba TL; Kung'u A EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Apr 1985, 62(4) p271-8 MJAcid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Cervix Neoplasms MNCarcinoma /PA; Cervix Neoplasms /PA; Histocytochemistry; Kenya MTFemale; Human RN483-18-1 (Emetine) IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004295 TIEmetine hydrochloride in the treatment of scorpion stings. AUChunge CN EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Apr 1985, 62(4) p279-82 MJArachnidism; Emetine MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Scorpions MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004296 TIA locally made external fixator. AUSiegismund G EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Apr 1985, 62(4) p283-4 MJFracture Fixation; Fractures MNBone Nails; Sudan MTHuman IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004297 TIDisseminated histoplasmosis in a Kenyan African child: a case report. AUWasunna KM; Chunge CN; Gachihi G; Chulay J; Anabwani G; Riyat MS EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Apr 1985, 62(4) p285-9 MJHistoplasmosis MNChild; Diagnosis, Differential; Kenya; Leishmaniasis, Visceral /DI MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004298 TIPractical therapeutics. The impact of genetic engineering in drug development. AUJuma FD EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Apr 1985, 62(4) p290-4 MJGenetic Intervention; Technology, Pharmaceutical MNDrug Industry MTHuman IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004299 TIFeeding pattern, supplementary foods and growth of low birthweight and normal birthweight infants in Machakos, Kenya. AURenqvist UH; Kusin JA; Jansen AA EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), May 1985, 62(5) p299-308 MJBirth Weight; Growth; Infant Food; Infant Nutrition; Infant, Low Birth Weight MNInfant Care; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Kenya MTFemale; Human; Male RN147-94-4 (Cytarabine); 50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide) IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004300 TICytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation conditioning regimens for bone marrow transplantation. AUMwangemi PM; Higby D EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), May 1985, 62(5) p309-14 MJBone Marrow; Cyclophosphamide; Cytarabine; Immunosuppression; Whole Body Irradiation MNAdolescence; Adult; Anemia, Aplastic /TH; Child, Preschool; Child; Graft Rejection; Infant; Leukemia /TH; Middle Age; Multiple Myeloma /TH MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004301 TICerebrovascular accidents in 207 Kenyans; general peculiarities and prognosis of stroke in an urban medical centre. AUBahemuka M EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), May 1985, 62(5) p315-22 MJCerebrovascular Disorders /OC MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Arteriosclerosis /CO; Cerebrovascular Disorders /ET; Child; Hypertension /CO; Kenya; Middle Age; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004302 TIThe experience of foreign body inhalation among children at Kenyatta National Hospital over a five-year-period. AUOjwang J; Wafula EM EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), May 1985, 62(5) p323-31 MJBronchi; Foreign Bodies; Larynx; Trachea MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Foreign Bodies /TH; Infant; Kenya MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.1.3.2 (Acid Phosphatase) IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004303 TIProstate-specific acid phosphatase in Nigerian patients with prostate carcinoma. AUBolarin DM; Badejo OA EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), May 1985, 62(5) p332-7 MJAcid Phosphatase; Prostatic Neoplasms MNAdult; Middle Age; Neoplasms /EN; Nigeria; Prostate /EN; Prostatic Hypertrophy /EN; Radioimmunoassay; Schistosomiasis Haematobia /EN MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004304 TISerum cholesterol studies in healthy Nigerian children. AUOkoro BA; Udeozo IO; Okeahialam TC EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), May 1985, 62(5) p342-6 MJCholesterol MNChild, Preschool; Child; Infant; Nigeria; Reference Values; Social Class; Socioeconomic Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004305 TIThe problems with the management of carcinoma of the cervix in Nigeria--Lagos experience. AUNnatu SN; Durosinmi-Etti FA EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), May 1985, 62(5) p347-54 MJCarcinoma, Squamous Cell /TH; Cervix Neoplasms /TH MNAdult; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /MO; Cervix Neoplasms /MO; Combined Modality Therapy; Middle Age; Nigeria MTFemale; Human IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004306 TIThe health status of children in a rural community in north eastern Zambia. AUWurapa FK; Wyatt GB; Bulsara MK EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), May 1985, 62(5) p355-9 MJHealth Status; Health; Infant Mortality; Rural Health MNAdolescence; Adult; Body Height; Body Weight; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Middle Age; Zambia MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004307 TIThe origins of bad breath (fetor oris) from the oral cavity and its management. AUKaimenyi JT EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), May 1985, 62(5) p360-2 MJHalitosis MNGingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative /CO; Halitosis /TH; Mouthwashes; Periodontitis /CO; Toothbrushing MTHuman IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004308 TIBenign intracranial hypertension associated with resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria infection: a case report. AUOkelo GB EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), May 1985, 62(5) p363-4 MJMalaria; Pseudotumor Cerebri MNAdult; Plasmodium Falciparum MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004309 TIHypertension over a 4-year-period at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). AULule GN; Otieno LS; Kinuthia DM EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Jun 1985, 62(6) p365-71 MJHypertension MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Kenya; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004310 TICell-mediated immunity to spermatozoal antigens after vasectomy: recent developments. AUTumbo-Oeri AG EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Jun 1985, 62(6) p372-8 MJAntigens; Lymphocytes; Spermatozoa; Vasectomy MNGuinea Pigs; Macaca mulatta; Mice; Rabbits; Rats MTAnimal; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004311 TIThe role of bacterial pathogens in pre-operative sepsis of acute mural appendicitis. AUOmer EF; Arabi EY; Abdein ZS; Mekki ME EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Jun 1985, 62(6) p379-85 MJAppendicitis; Bacterial Infections; Bacteria /IP MNAcute Disease; Adolescence; Adult; Antibiotics /PD; Bacteria /DE; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Microbial Sensitivity Tests MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004312 TIAllergen skin tests to asthmatic children screened at Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. AUShao JF; Shayo A EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Jun 1985, 62(6) p386-90 MJAllergens; Asthma; Skin Tests MNAllergens /IM; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004313 TISystemic lupus erythematosus at Kenyatta National Hospital 1972-1984. AUOtieno LS; Wairagu SG; Waweru HW EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Jun 1985, 62(6) p391-6 MJLupus Erythematosus, Systemic MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Kenya; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic /DI; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004314 TIA clinico-pathological study on intestinal bilharziasis in the Sudan. AUSaad AM; el Masri SH; Omer AH; el Hassan AM EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Jun 1985, 62(6) p397-402 MJIntestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Schistosomiasis Mansoni MNAdolescence; Adult; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic /PS; Parasite Egg Count; Rectum /PA; Schistosomiasis Mansoni /PS; Sigmoid /PA MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004315 TIComparison of real-time cholecystosonography and oral cholecystography. AUel Kadaru AG; Arbab BM; el Lidr AR; el Fadil SM; Homeida M EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Jun 1985, 62(6) p403-7 MJCholecystography; Cholelithiasis; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNCholelithiasis /RA; Prospective Studies MTComparative Study; Human IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004316 TISpontaneous cure in schistosomiasis. AURutasitara WK; Chimbe A EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Jun 1985, 62(6) p408-10 MJSchistosomiasis Haematobia MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Middle Age; Remission, Spontaneous; Schistosomiasis Haematobia /OC; Tanzania MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004317 TIPost-pneumonectomy oesophagopleural fistula. AUAdebo OA EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Jun 1985, 62(6) p411-4 MJEsophageal Fistula; Fistula; Pleural Diseases; Pneumonectomy MNAdult MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004318 TIMassive haemoperitoneum following rupture of hepatoma: report of three autopsy cases. AUAlavi AH EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Jun 1985, 62(6) p415-9 MJHemoperitoneum; Hepatoma; Liver Neoplasms MNAdolescence; Hepatoma /PA; Liver Neoplasms /PA; Middle Age; Rupture, Spontaneous MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004319 TIRhinoscleroma--case report. AUMaglad S; Satir AA EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Jun 1985, 62(6) p420-4 MJRhinoscleroma MNAdult MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0012-835X LAEnglish JCEDG UI86004320 TICurrent practice. Choosing variables in research in clinical medicine. AUJuma FD EM8601 SOEast Afr Med J (Kenya), Jun 1985, 62(6) p425-8 MJClinical Trials; Research Design MTHuman IS0012-1053 LAGerman JCED2 SBM UI86004321 TI[Histomorphologic picture of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis] ABBasing on several international studies on the light microscopic pattern of acute non-A, non-B hepatitis we tried to discover the histological criteria of its chronic course by means of a detailed analysis of 181 liver biopsies of 94 patients suffering from chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis (a homogeneous group without competing noxious agents). In accordance with the relevant literature we found a rate of chronic courses of about 60% with chronic persistent hepatitis (2/3) and chronic lobular hepatitis (1/3) predominating. A transition into liver cirrhosis was not stated. As changes typical of the chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis cell ballooning (89%), changes of cell nuclei (88%), eosinophilic changes of cytoplasm (73%), focal sinusoidal cell activation (92%) and microvesicular steatosis (59%) were ascertained with the chronological analysis showing that there were no changes of these criteria up to the 6th year of disease. Its cause is seen in an incomplete elimination of the hepatitis viruses as a result of inefficient immune defence. AUWiese M; Haupt R TT[Das histomorphologische Bild der chronischen NonA-NonB-Hepatitis.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Verdau Stoffwechselkr (Germany, East), 1985, 45(3) p101-10 MJHepatitis, Viral, Human; Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B MNAdult; Biopsy; Fatty Liver /PA; Liver Cirrhosis /PA; Liver /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human IS0012-1053 LAGerman JCED2 SBM UI86004322 TI[Pathogenesis, clinical aspects and development of fatty liver] ABAnamnestic, clinical, biochemical and bioptic examinations were performed in 127 patients with fatty infiltration of the liver of different degrees of severity. Anamnesis, clinical practice and laboratory findings can only throw the suspicion on the fatty infiltration of the liver. For the verification of the diagnosis and for the gradation first of all the liver biopsy is necessary. Alcohol clearly plays the most important part as a cause of the development of the fatty infiltration of the liver, followed by adiposity, diabetes and hyperlipoidaemia. Because of the great medical and social-economic importance fatty infiltration of the liver cannot longer be taken for a harmless disurbance. AUEitel B; Kleine FD; Kleine S TT[Untersuchungen zur Pathogenese, Klinik und Entwicklungstendenz der Fettleber.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Verdau Stoffwechselkr (Germany, East), 1985, 45(3) p111-6 MJFatty Liver MNAdult; Biopsy, Needle; Diabetes Mellitus /PA; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic /PA; Hyperlipoproteinemia /PA; Liver Cirrhosis /PA; Liver Function Tests; Liver /PA; Middle Age; Obesity /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-1053 LAGerman JCED2 SBM UI86004323 TI[Bronchobiliary fistula as sequela of the stenosis of hepaticojejunostomy] ABThis is a case report on a bronchobiliar fistula after frequent recurrences of cholangites following an occlusion of a hepaticojejunostoma. Sufficient drainage and correction of the stenosis as well as balancing of water and electrolyte metabolism were without any therapeutic success. The patient died in consequence of an acute liver dystrophy. AUFreitag S; Schramm H TT[Bronchobiliare Fistel als Folge einer Stenosierung der Hepatikojejunostomie.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Verdau Stoffwechselkr (Germany, East), 1985, 45(3) p117-20 MJBiliary Fistula; Bronchial Fistula; Cholecystectomy; Cholelithiasis; Common Bile Duct /SU; Jejunum MNBiliary Fistula /SU; Bronchial Fistula /SU; Cholangitis /CO; Common Bile Duct /IN; Constriction, Pathologic /CO; Empyema /ET; Hepatitis /CO; Liver Abscess /ET; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications /ET /SU MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male RN51481-61-9 (Cimetidine) IS0012-1053 LAGerman JCED2 SBM UI86004324 TI[Effect of cimetidine on maximal stomach secretion in physical stress and at rest in patients with chronic duodenal ulcer] ABIn 21 males suffering from chronic duodenal ulcers the effect of cimetidine on the maximum acid output (MAO) both in rest and under physical load was examined. Patients were loaded two times (60 min) with the Monark bicycle ergometer at an interval of 5-7 days. Immediately before second examination cimetidine was injected intravenously (6 mg/kg body weight). The sampling of gastric juice was done 3 times for 60 min before, during and after the physical work. In the stimulated gastric fluid the concentrations of sodium, potassium, chlorid ions, total protein and mucoproteins were checked. In the peripheral venous blood sodium, potassium, chlorid, magnesium and calcium were measured as well as glucose and the parameters of acid base state. Cimetidine significantly reduced ionic concentration, protein and mucoproteid concentrations of the gastric fluid. Cimetidine did not provoke any changes of the parameters determined in the peripheral blood. AUMarkiewicz K; Lukin M TT[Der Einfluss von Cimetidin auf die maximale Magensekretion unter korperlicher Belastung und in Ruhe bei Patienten mit chronischem Duodenalulkus.] EM8601 SODtsch Z Verdau Stoffwechselkr (Germany, East), 1985, 45(3) p121-8 MJCimetidine; Duodenal Ulcer; Exertion; Gastric Acid MNAdult; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Mucosa /DE; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman; Male IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004325 TI[Epidemiology of functional disorders] AUMotsch A TT[Epidemiologie funktioneller Storungen.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p147-55 MJTemporomandibular Joint Syndrome MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Dental Prosthesis; Facial Muscles; Jaw, Edentulous, Partially /OC; Malocclusion /OC; Middle Age; Muscular Diseases /OC; Myofascial Pain Syndromes /OC; Sex Factors; Temporomandibular Joint Diseases /OC MCEnglish Abstract; Review MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004326 TI[What are the advantage of a clinical functional diagnosis?] AUSchulte W TT[Was leistet die klinische Funktionsdiagnostik?] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p156-60 MJTemporomandibular Joint Syndrome /DI MNMyofascial Pain Syndromes /CL /DI /ET /PP; Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome /CL /ET /PP MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004327 TI[What are the advantages of instruments in functional analysis?] AUKoeck B TT[Was leistet die instrumentelle Funktionsanalyse?] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p161-4 MJDental Articulators; Dental Equipment; Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome MNDental Occlusion; Myofascial Pain Syndromes /DI /PP; Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome /PP MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004328 TI[What are the advantages of functional therapy and what are its limits?] AUGraber G TT[Was leister die funktionelle Therapie und wo findet sie ihre Grenzen?] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p165-9 MJTemporomandibular Joint Syndrome /TH MNMyofascial Pain Syndromes /TH; Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome /DI /PX MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004329 TI[Functional status] AUEngelhardt JP TT[Der Funktionsstatus.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p170-6 MJDental Records; Medical History Taking; Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Middle Age; Myofascial Pain Syndromes /DI MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004330 TI[Necessity of clinical functional diagnostics] AUSassen H; Zeisler J; Windecker D TT[Zur Notwendigkeit klinischer Funktionsdiagnostik.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p177-81 MJTemporomandibular Joint Syndrome MNAdult; Middle Age; Myofascial Pain Syndromes /DI MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004331 TI[Examiner agreement with the Krogh-Poulsen method of clinical functional analysis] AUBergholz P TT[Zur Untersucherubereinstimmung bei der klinischen Funktionsanalyse nach Krogh-Poulsen.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p182-5 MJTemporomandibular Joint Syndrome MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Masticatory Muscles /PP; Middle Age; Movement; Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome /PP; Temporomandibular Joint /PP MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004332 TI[Ortho-function of the masticatory system] AUProschel P; Hofmann M; Ott R TT[Zur Orthofunktion des Kauorgans.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p186-91 MJMandible; Mastication MNMovement; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004333 TI[Recordings of mandibular movements with Sirognathography] AUBehneke N TT[Aufzeichnungen von Unterkieferbewegungen mit dem Sirognathographen.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p192-5 MJElectronics, Medical; Mandible; Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome MNJaw Relation Record; Movement MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004334 TI[Efficacy of functional diagnostics and computer tomography in dysfunctional and functionally healthy stomatognathic systems] AUReuling N; Fuhr K; Schmidt KG; Reiber T; Behneke N; Weimar HG; Magin E TT[Zur Wertigkeit von Funktionsdiagnostik und Computertomographie im funktionsgestorten und funktionell gesunden stomatognathen System.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p196-200 MJTemporomandibular Joint Syndrome; Temporomandibular Joint MNMyofascial Pain Syndromes /DI /RA; Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome /RA; Temporomandibular Joint /RA; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004335 TI[Determination of the position of the articular process] AUJung T; Reff H; Umland K TT[Zur Positionsbestimmung des Processus articularis.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p201-5 MJMandibular Condyle; Temporomandibular Joint MNCartilage, Articular /RA; Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome /RA MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004336 TI[Biomechanics of temporomandibular clicking. I. Disk function in eccentric bruxism] AUKlett R TT[Zur Biomechanik des Kiefergelenkknackens. I. Diskusfunktion bei exzentrischem Bruxismus.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p206-10 MJBruxism; Cartilage, Articular; Temporomandibular Joint MNStress, Mechanical; Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome /PP MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004337 TI[Reaction of the masticatory musculature to occlusion-dependent functional disorders. An electromyographic study] AUOtt RW TT[Uber die Reaktion der Kaumuskulatur auf okklusal bedingte Funktionsstorungen. Eine elektromyographische Studie.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p211-7 MJMalocclusion; Mandible; Masticatory Muscles; Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome /PP MNAdult; Aged; Electromyography; Middle Age; Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome /ET MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004338 TI[Axial differences in models mounted on the articulator using the Bonwill triangle and facebow transfer] AUHorn R; Opitz H TT[Untersuchungen zur Achsendifferenz bei Modellmontagen im Artikulator nach dem Bonwillschen Dreieck und nach Gesichtsbogenubertragung.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p218-20 MJDental Articulators; Dental Equipment; Dental Models; Dental Occlusion MNAdolescence; Adult; Jaw Relation Record MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004339 TI[Relation between jaw size and model position in the articulator] AUHorn R; Opitz H TT[Zur Relation zwischen Kiefergrosse und Modellposition im Artikulator.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p221-3 MJDental Articulators; Dental Equipment; Dental Models; Jaw MNCephalometry; Jaw Relation Record MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004340 TI[To what extent does the so-called quickmount facebow satisfy clinical requirements for precision?] AUSchulz-Bongert J TT[Inwieweit genugt ein sogenannter Schnellmontiergesichtsbogen klinischen Genauigkeitsanforderungen?] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p224-6 MJDental Articulators; Dental Equipment; Dental Models; Dental Occlusion; Jaw Relation Record MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004341 TI[Comparative study of direct and indirect registration of mandibular movements] AUStaehle HJ TT[Vergleichende Studie uber die direkte und indirekte Registrierung von Unterkieferbewegungen.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p227-31 MJJaw Relation Record; Mandible MNMovement MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004342 TI[Corrective osteotomies for the treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome] AUSpitzer WJ; Steinhauser EW TT[Korrektive Osteotomien zur Behandlung des Kiefergelenkdysfunktions-syndroms.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p232-6 MJOsteotomy; Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome MNAdult; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004343 TI[Evaluation of function in complete denture patients] AUHofmann M; Proschel P; Graml H TT[Funktionsablaufe beim Totalprothesentrager.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p237-42 MJDenture, Complete; Mastication MNMandible /PH MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004344 TI[Demands placed on and requirements for the materials properties of dental alloys] AUSchwickerath H TT[Beanspruchungen und Anforderungen an die Materialeigenschaften dentaler Legierungen.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p243-53 MJDental Alloys MNChemistry, Physical; Dental Alloys /ST MCEnglish Abstract IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004345 TI[Corrosion properties of dental alloys] AUWeber H TT[Zum Korrosionsverhalten dentaler Legierungen.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p254-60 MJDental Alloys MNCorrosion MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004346 TI[Biocompatibility of dental alloys] AUHerrmann D TT[Biokompatibilitat dentaler Legierungen.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p261-5 MJBiocompatible Materials; Dental Alloys MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004347 TI[Clinical evaluation of dental alloys] AUEichner K TT[Klinische Beurteilung dentaler Legierungen.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p266-72 MJDental Alloys MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN12001-21-7 (Dental Porcelain); 1344-28-1 (Aluminum Oxide) IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004348 TI[Strength properties of dental ceramics] AUSchwickerath H TT[Das Festigkeitsverhalten von Dentalkeramik.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p273-5 MJDental Porcelain MNAluminum Oxide; Elasticity; Stress, Mechanical MCEnglish Abstract RN7440-05-3 (Palladium); 7440-22-4 (Silver) IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004349 TI[Post-ceramic soldering of Ag-free, noble metal-reduced fired dental alloys] AUWagner R; Schiwiora H; Nawaz MH TT[Das Loten-nach-dem-Brand von Ag-freien, Em-reduzierten Dentalaufbrenn-legierungen.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p276-8 MJDental Alloys; Soldering, Dental MNChemistry, Physical; Gold Alloys; Palladium; Silver MCEnglish Abstract IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004350 TI[Manipulation and preparation of alloy surfaces for bonded bridges] AUPfeiffer P; Schwickerath H TT[Zur Bearbeituung und Gestaltung der Oberfalchen von Legierungen fur Klebebrucken.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p279-82 MJBonding, Dental; Dental Alloys; Denture, Partial, Fixed MNSurface Properties MCEnglish Abstract RN12597-69-2 (Steel); 7440-32-6 (Titanium); 8049-85-2 (Dental Amalgam) IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004351 TI[In vitro induced corrosion activity in various peri-pulpal pins] AUGotze W; John HD TT[In vitro provozierte Korrosionserscheinungen bei unterschiedlichen parapulparen Stiften.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p283-5 MJDental Alloys; Dental Pins MNComposite Resins; Corrosion; Dental Amalgam; Gold Alloys; Steel; Titanium MCEnglish Abstract IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004352 TI[Corrosion tests on dental alloys before and after laser welding. I. High-gold content dental alloys] AUvan Benthem H; Vahl J TT[Korrosionsversuche an Dentallegierungen vor und nach dem Laserschweissen. I. Hochgoldhaltige Dentallegierungen.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p286-9 MJDental Alloys; Gold Alloys MNCorrosion; Lasers; Soldering, Dental /MT; Welding MCEnglish Abstract IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004353 TI[Long-term reaction of alveolar ridge mucosa and bone to denture stress] AUMuller N; Hofmann M TT[Langzeitreaktion von Kammschleimhaut und Knochen auf die Prothesenbelastung.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p290-7 MJAlveolar Process; Denture, Complete; Denture, Partial; Mouth Mucosa MNAlveolar Process /PP; Dental Stress Analysis; Mouth Mucosa /PP MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004354 TI[Conservative therapy of maxillary sinusitis in oro-antral fistulas] AUVoss A TT[Die konservative Therapie der Sinusitis maxillaris bei Mund-Antrum-Verbindung.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p298-300 MJMaxillary Sinus; Oroantral Fistula; Sinusitis MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004355 TI[Fluoride content in teeth from the Neolithic period] AUHickel R; Baum N TT[Fluoridgehalt in Zahnen der Jungsteinzeit.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p301-3 MJDental Enamel; Fluorides; Paleodontology MNHistory of Medicine, Ancient MCEnglish Abstract; Historical Article MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004356 TI[Effect of various technics and materials on the fit and homogeneity of root canal fillings (SEM study)] AUOberschachtsiek H; Petschelt A TT[Einfluss verschiedener Techniken und Materialien auf Wandstandigkeit un Homogenitat von Wurzelfullungen (REM-Untersuchung).] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p304-7 MJRoot Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Therapy MNBonding, Dental; Dental Pulp Cavity /UL; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Surface Properties MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004357 TI[Fit of various root canal filling materials using the central cone technic (SEM study)] AUPetschelt A; Oberschachtsiek H TT[Wandstandigkeit verschiedener Wurzelfullmaterialien bei Zentralstifttechnik (REM-Untersuchung).] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p308-11 MJRoot Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Therapy MNBonding, Dental; Dental Pulp Cavity /UL; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Root Canal Filling Materials /AD; Surface Properties MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004358 TI[Pain-correlated cerebral cortex potentials in man after electrical stimulation of the dental pulp] AURaab HM TT[Schmerzkorrelierte Hirnrindenpotentiale des Menschen nach elektrischer Stimulation der Zahnpulpa.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p312-4 MJCerebral Cortex; Dental Pulp MNElectric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Pain /PP MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004359 TI[Condylar hyperplasia--clinical and radiologic findings] AUHirschfelder U; Hirschfelder H; Spitzer W TT[Kondylare Hyperplasie--klinische und radiologische Befunde.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p315-20 MJMandibular Condyle MNAdult; Facial Asymmetry /DI /PA; Hyperplasia /PA MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004360 TI[Epidemiologic study on functional disturbances of the masticatory system] AUOtt KH; Roth R TT[Epidemiologische Untersuchung uber Funktionsstorungen im Kauorgan.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p321-4 MJMalocclusion; Masticatory Muscles; Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome MNAdolescence; Adult; Mastication; Middle Age; Muscular Diseases /OC MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004361 TI[Myoarthropathies and occupation. An epidemiologic study. A brief report] AULukas D; Ozogul A; Schulte W TT[Myoarthropathien und Beruf. Eine epidemiologische Untersuchung. Kurzfassung.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p325 MJOccupational Diseases; Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004362 TI[Visualization of the articular disc in computer tomograms] AUHuls A; Walter E; Schulte W; Suss C TT[Zur Darstellung des Discus articularis im Computertomogramm.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p326-31 MJCartilage, Articular /RA; Temporomandibular Joint /RA MNCartilage, Articular /AH; Temporomandibular Joint /AH; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004363 TI[Interference behavior of the masseter reflex and the tongue-jaw reflex in man. Methods and preliminary findings] AUNey T; Muhlbradt L TT[Das Interferenzverhalten von Massetereigenreflex und Zungenkieferreflex beim Menschen. Methode und erste Ergebnisse.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p332-6 MJJaw; Masseter Muscle; Masticatory Muscles; Reflex; Tongue MNMandible /PH MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004364 TI[Surgical correction of functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system after temporomandibular joint fractures] AUDumbach J; Spitzer W TT[Operative Korrektur von Funktionsstorungen des stomatognathien Systems nach Kiefergelenkfrakturen.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p337-40 MJFractures; Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome; Temporomandibular Joint MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004365 TI[Identical model mounting without traditional mounting plates] AURoos H; Zeyer A TT[Identische Modellmontage ohne herkommliche Montageplatten.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p341-3 MJDental Articulators; Dental Equipment; Dental Models MNDental Occlusion; Jaw Relation Record MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004366 TI[An improved method for the production of root canal preparations for scanning electron microscopy studies] AUPetschelt A; Oberschachtsiek H TT[Eine verbesserte Methode zur Herstellung von Zahnwurzelpraparaten fur REM-Untersuchungen.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p344-6 MJDental Pulp Cavity; Root Canal Filling Materials MNHistological Technics; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004367 TI[Evaluation of surface qualities of metal alloys used for bonded bridges] AUMarx R; Schwickerath H TT[Bewertung der Oberflachenbeschaffenheit von metallegierungen fur Klebebrucken.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p347-50 MJBonding, Dental; Dental Alloys MNDenture, Partial, Fixed; Surface Properties MCEnglish Abstract IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004368 TI[Prescriptions written for antibiotics in dental practice] AUMikulaschek P; Rechmann P; Strassburg M TT[Untersuchungen uber Verordnungsgewohnheiten von Antibiotika in der zahnarztlichen Praxis.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p351-3 MJAntibiotics; Dental Care MNPrescriptions, Drug MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004369 TI[Clinical survey on the occurrence of epulis] AUPollman L; Heckmann C; Saldana MC TT[Klinische Erhebungen zum Vorkommen der Epulis.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Mar 1985, 40(3) p354-6 MJGranuloma; Jaw Diseases MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Middle Age; Periodontal Diseases /OC; Sex Factors; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004370 TI[Allergy and dentistry from the dentist's point of view] AUHerrmann D TT[Allergie und Zahnheilkunde aus zahnarztlicher Sicht.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Apr 1985, 40(4) p358-63 MJDental Care; Dental Materials; Hypersensitivity MNAnesthetics, Local /AE; Dental Alloys /AE; Drug Hypersensitivity /ET; Methacrylates /AE MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004371 TI[Allergy and dentistry from the dermatologist's viewpoint] AUKlaschka F; Galandi ME TT[Allergie und Zahnheilkunde aus dermatologischer Sicht.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Apr 1985, 40(4) p364-71 MJDental Care; Dermatitis, Contact; Hypersensitivity; Stomatitis MNDental Alloys /AE; Dentists; Occupational Dermatitis /ET MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004372 TI[Methods in caries epidemiology--a critical overview] AUPieper K; Kessler P TT[Methoden der Kariesepidemiologie--eine kirtische Ubersicht.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Apr 1985, 40(4) p372-81 MJDental Caries /OC MNDMF Index; Dental Caries /DI; Epidemiologic Methods MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004373 TI[Investment methods for obtaining oversized noble-metal-free restorations] AUHaraszthy G; Aniol P; Weber H TT[Einbettverfahren zur Erzielung von Ubergrossen edelmetallfreier Restaurationen.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Apr 1985, 40(4) p382-5 MJCrowns; Dental Alloys; Dental Casting Technic MNSurface Properties MCEnglish Abstract IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004374 TI[Comparative studies on various methods for assessing surface structures of prepared teeth] AUPantke A; Schuttler D; Huttemann RW; Pantke H TT[Vergleichende Untersuchungen verschiedener Methoden zur Beurteilung von Oberflachenstrkturen praparierter Zahne.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Apr 1985, 40(4) p386-91 MJDental Cavity Preparation; Tooth MNMicroscopy, Electron, Scanning MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004375 TI[Computer-assisted analysis of the numerical data of the mediotrusive trajectory in conventional axiography] AUMeyer G; dal Ri H TT[Rechnergestutzte Auswertung numerischer Daten der Mediotrusionsbahn bei der konventionellen Axiographie.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Apr 1985, 40(4) p392-4 MJComputers; Dental Occlusion; Mandibular Condyle MNDental Articulators; Jaw Relation Record; Mandible /AH MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004376 TI[Diagnosis and treatment of cracked tooth syndrome] AUGeurtsen W; Ehrmann EH; Heidemann D TT[Diagnose und Therapie der Kroneninfraktion.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Apr 1985, 40(4) p395-8 MJCracked Tooth Syndrome /TH; Tooth Fractures MNAdult; Cracked Tooth Syndrome /DI; Middle Age; Orthodontic Appliances MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004377 TI[In vitro experiments on the problem of the development of undermining enamel caries] AUBossmann K; Voss K TT[In-vitro-Experimente zur Frage der Entstehung unterminierender Schmelzkaries.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Apr 1985, 40(4) p399-403 MJDental Caries; Dental Enamel MNDental Caries /PA; Dental Deposits /PA; Tooth Remineralization MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004378 TI[The importance of test conditions in scientific experiments, as demonstrated by the example of tooth mobility] AURichter EJ TT[Die Bedeutung der Versuchsbedingungen im wissenschaftlichen Experiment, dargestellt am Beispiel der Zahnbeweglichkeit.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Apr 1985, 40(4) p404-9 MJResearch Design; Tooth Mobility MNMathematics; Models, Biological; Stress, Mechanical MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 7732-18-5 (Water) IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004379 TI[Effect of extracellular pH values on the accumulation of fluoride by Streptococcus mutans] AUDuschner H; Bergmann H; Psarros N TT[Der Einfluss des extrazellularen pH-Wertes auf die Anreicherung von Fluorid in Streptococcus mutans.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Apr 1985, 40(4) p410-5 MJFluorides; Streptococcus mutans /ME MNCulture Media; Glucose /ME; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Streptococcus mutans /AN; Water /AN MCEnglish Abstract IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004380 TI[Light color of dental lamps. I. Dental operatory lights] AUFallschussel GK TT[Die Lichtfarbe zahnarztlicher Leuchten. I. Zahnarztliche Operationsleuchten.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), Apr 1985, 40(4) p416-28 MJDental Equipment; Lighting MNColor MCEnglish Abstract IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004381 TI[Orthodontic treatment--a risk factor in functional and occlusal disorders?] AUJanson M TT[Die kieferorthopadische Behandlung--ein Risikofaktor fur funktionelle und okklusale Storungen?] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), May 1985, 40(5) p432-40 MJMalocclusion, Angle Class II; Malocclusion; Serial Extraction MNAdolescence; Adult; Dental Occlusion; Orthodontics, Corrective /AE; Temporomandibular Joint Diseases /ET MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004382 TI[The importance of immunology in periodontal diseases and the mouth mucosa diseases] AUMarggraf E TT[Die Bedeutung der Immunologie bei Parodontopathien und Mundschleimhauterkrankungen.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), May 1985, 40(5) p441-9 MJMouth Diseases; Periodontal Diseases MNAntigens, Bacterial /IM; Bacteria /IM; Dental Plaque /MI; Leukoplakia, Oral /IM; Lichen Planus /IM MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004383 TI[5 years' experience with microsurgical small bowel transfer in the reconstruction of extensive soft tissue defects of the oropharynx] AUReuther J TT[Funfjahrige Erfahrung mit dem mikrochirurgischen Dunndarmtransfer zur Wiederherstellung ausgedehnter Weichteildefekte des Oropharynx.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), May 1985, 40(5) p450-60 MJIntestine, Small; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Oropharynx; Pharyngeal Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Microsurgery; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN12001-21-7 (Dental Porcelain) IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004384 TI[Effect of firing conditions on the recrystallization properties of fired ceramic materials] AUFreesmeyer WB; Lindemann W TT[Einfluss der Brennbedingungen auf das Rekristallisationsverhalten aufbrennkeramischer Massen.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), May 1985, 40(5) p461-5 MJDental Casting Technic; Dental Porcelain MNChemistry, Physical; Crystallization; Temperature MCEnglish Abstract RN1305-62-0 (Calcium Hydroxide) IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004385 TI[Conclusion of root growth after partial vital amputation] AUEhrmann EH; Geurtsen W TT[Der Abschluss des Wurzelwachstums nach partieller Vitalamputation.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), May 1985, 40(5) p466-71 MJPulpotomy; Tooth Fractures; Tooth Root MNCalcium Hydroxide; Child; Dental Pulp Capping; Odontogenesis MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004386 TI[Quality of ground enamel surfaces and preparation margins] AUWegmann U TT[Zur Qualitat beschliffener Schmelzflachen und der Praparationsgrenze.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), May 1985, 40(5) p472-8 MJDental Cavity Preparation; Dental Enamel MNEquipment Design; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004387 TI[Periodontal findings after alveolar process repositioning using interdental osteotomy] AUGoz G; Krekeler G; Koch K TT[Parodontalbefunde nach Alveolarfortsatzverlagerung mit interdentaler Osteotomie.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), May 1985, 40(5) p479-81 MJAlveolectomy /MT; Osteotomy /MT; Periodontal Diseases MNAlveolectomy /AE; Malocclusion /SU; Osteotomy /AE MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN6818-37-7 (amine fluoride); 7664-41-7 (Ammonia); 7789-75-5 (Calcium Fluoride) IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004388 TI[Reaction of amine hydrofluorides with surface enamel. I. Effect of different cations, concentrations and exposure times (in vitro studies)] AUDuschner H; Uchtmann H TT[Reaktionen von Aminhydrofluoriden mit Oberflachenschmelz. I. Einfluss unterschiedlicher Kationen, Konzentrationen und Einwirkungszeiten (In-vitro-Untersuchungen).] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), May 1985, 40(5) p482-7 MJAmines /ME; Dental Enamel /ME; Fluorides /ME MNAmines /AD; Ammonia /PD; Calcium Fluoride /ME; Chemistry, Physical; Dental Enamel /DE; Fluorides /AD; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004389 TI[Linear coefficient of thermal expansion for bovine enamel and dentin] AUGente M; Sondermann U; Lehmann KM TT[Linearer thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient von Rinderschmelz und Rinderdentin.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), May 1985, 40(5) p488-90 MJDental Enamel; Dentin MNCattle; Thermodynamics MTAnimal IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004390 TI[Methacrylate-integrated embedding methods for sawed, ground and milled preparations] AUKielmann J TT[Methacrylat-Integrations-Einbettverfahren fur Sage-, Schliff- und Fraspraparate.] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), May 1985, 40(5) p491-5 MJAcrylates; Methacrylates; Microtomy MCEnglish Abstract IS0012-1029 LAGerman JCED7 UI86004391 TI[The light of the special Color-i-Dent lamp (the Waldmann lamp)] AUFallschussel GK TT[Das Licht der Spezialleuchte Color-i-Dent (Waldmann-Leuchte).] EM8601 SODtsch Zahnarztl Z (Germany, West), May 1985, 40(5) p496-500 MJDental Equipment; Lighting MNColor; Light MCEnglish Abstract RN23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 50-07-7 (mitomycin C) IS0204-3564 LARussian JCEEC SBM UI86004392 TI[Use of permanent magnets and magnetic fluids in experimental oncology] ABThe use of permanent magnets and magnetic fields (magnetic fluids and magnetic suspensions) alone or in complex with the antitumour compounds for the treatment of malignancies of various localizations is considered. Methods and forms of the use of permanent magnets are discussed. It is concluded that permanent magnets (as magnetic suspensions and magnetic fluids) used alone, in complex with chemical substances or in combination with other affecting factors (the temperature rise) induce a considerable regression of the tumour. Besides, permanent magnets may promote an increase of the antitumour drug concentration in the tissue of the diseased organ. AUBarybin AS; Reshchikov VP TT[Primenenie postoiannykh magnitov i magnitnykh zhidkostei v eksperimental'noi onkologii.] EM8601 SOEksp Onkol (USSR), 1985, 7(4) p18-22, 71 MJAntineoplastic Agents; Hyperthermia, Induced; Magnetics; Neoplasms /TH MNAlbumins /TU; Doxorubicin /AD; Microspheres; Mitomycins /AD; Neoplasms /DT MCEnglish Abstract; Review MTAnimal; Human RN2481-94-9 (C.I. Solvent Yellow 56); 29387-92-6 (Dimethylaminoazobenzene); 33743-96-3 (proroxan); 60-09-3 (p-Aminoazobenzene); 684-93-5 (Methylnitrosourea) IS0204-3564 LARussian JCEEC SBM UI86004393 TI[Neurotropic action of chemical carcinogens] ABThe effect of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzole, 4-diethylaminoazobenzole, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and N-nitrosomethylurea on the synaptic transmission of impulses through the inferior mesenteric sympathetic ganglion is investigated in acute experiments with rats. It is found that irrespective of chemical structure of carcinogens and different specificity of their action on the various tissues-targets all these carcinogens inhibit the cholinergic ganglionic transmission. The inhibitory action of carcinogens may be connected with the excitement of presynaptic alpha-adrenoreceptors in sympathetic ganglia. Pyrroxane, an alpha-adrenoblocker, protects the synaptic transmission from the action of carcinogens. AUKlimenko EM; Sheveleva VS TT[Neirotropnoe deistvie khimicheskikh kantserogenov.] EM8601 SOEksp Onkol (USSR), 1985, 7(4) p23-6 MJCarcinogens; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Neural Transmission MNAdrenergic Alpha Receptor Blockaders /TU; Dimethylaminoazobenzene /TO; Dioxanes /TU; Methylnitrosourea /TO; Neural Inhibition /DE; Rats; p-Aminoazobenzene /AA /TO MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female; Male RN1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 3471-31-6 (5-methoxyindoleacetic acid); 60762-57-4 (pirlindole); 608-07-1 (Methoxytryptamine) IS0204-3564 LARussian JCEEC SBM UI86004394 TI[Carcinogenic action of 5-methoxytryptamine related to its transformation into 5-methoxyindolyl-3-acetic acid] ABA considerable blastomogenic effect of metabolite serotonin 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MOT) subcutaneously administered for a long time to C57BL/6 mice was established. This effect was decreased noticeably if the further metabolism of 5-MOT into 5-methoxyindolyl-3-acetic acid (5-MIAA) was blocked by pyrazidol. These results explain the fact that the blastomogenic effect of 5-MOT is not direct but is caused by the transformation of 5-MOT into its final carcinogenic metabolite 5-MIAA. AUSergeeva TI; Romanenko VI; Raushenbakh MO; Andreeva NI TT[Kantserogennoe deistvie 5-metoksitriptamina, sviazannoe s ego prevrashcheniem v 5-metoksiindolil-3-uksusnuiu kisloty.] EM8601 SOEksp Onkol (USSR), 1985, 7(4) p26-9 MJHydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Methoxytryptamine; Neoplasms, Experimental; Tryptamines MNCarbazoles /PD; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid /TO; Methoxytryptamine /TO; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 684-93-5 (Methylnitrosourea) IS0204-3564 LARussian JCEEC SBM UI86004395 TI[Effect of glucose on fetal weight and the transplacental blastomogenic effect of N-nitrosomethylurea in rats] ABThe N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU)-induced transplacental blastomogenesis in rats was studied under the effect of pre- and postnatal glucose administration. On the 21st day of pregnancy NMU (20 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to rats. From the 7th day of pregnancy experimental rats were treated with 10% glucose solution instead of drinking water, and during 1.5 months after delivery they and their progeny were given 5% glucose solution. The foetal weight in glucose-treated pregnant rate increased. A significant increase of tumour frequency was detected in the progeny of these rats. In male progeny tumours of the nervous system and kidneys typical of NMU effect prevailed and in females--tumours of other organs and tissues, particularly of the mammary gland, pituitary and hemopoietic system. Possible mechanisms of the modifying effect of glucose on the transplacental blastomogenic action of NMU are discussed. AUBershtein LM ; Aleksandrov VA TT[Vliianie gliukozy na massu plodov i transplatsentarnyi blastomogennyi effekt N-nitrozometilmocheviny u krys.] EM8601 SOEksp Onkol (USSR), 1985, 7(4) p29-32 MJBirth Weight; Cocarcinogenesis; Glucose; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Methylnitrosourea; Neoplasms, Experimental MNPregnancy; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female; Male RN12001-29-5 (chrysotile); 1332-21-4 (Asbestos) IS0204-3564 LARussian JCEEC SBM UI86004397 TI[Changes in rat pleural mesothelium as affected by intrapleural administration of asbestos] ABWhen studying total pleural mesothelium films in rats after intrapleural injection of chrysotile the pathological regeneration of the mesothelium is observed. During 12 months of the experiment rare mitoses, multinuclear cells and symplasts were found. AUSoldatova NG; Pylev LN; Vasil'eva LA; Bodiakshina EV TT[Izmenenie mezoteliia plevry krys pri vnutriplevral'nom vvedenie asbesta.] EM8601 SOEksp Onkol (USSR), 1985, 7(4) p32-5 MJAsbestos /AE; Pleura MNAsbestos /AD; Mitosis; Pleura /DE; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0204-3564 LARussian JCEEC SBM UI86004398 TI[Characteristics of the nucleic component of a nucleoprotein complex secreted by tumor cells] ABThe characteristic of the nucleic component from the nucleoprotein complex excreted by tumour cells into ascitic fluid is presented. Using enzymes which hydrolyze nucleic acids and applying the methods of cellulose chromatography and ethidium bromide identification of the double-stranded structure of nucleic acids it is shown that the nucleic component of the excreted complex is a heterogeneous system presented by double-stranded structures which involve DNA-RNA hybrid molecules. AUKozak VV; Shliakhovenko VA; Iukhimenko MD TT[Kharakteristika nukleinovogo komponenta nukleoproteidnogo kompleksa, vydeliaemogo opukholevymi kletkami.] EM8601 SOEksp Onkol (USSR), 1985, 7(4) p36-9 MJErythroleukemia; Lymphoma; Neoplasm Proteins; Nucleoproteins MNDNA, Neoplasm /AN; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; RNA, Neoplasm /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RNEC 2.7.1.37 (Protein Kinases); EC 2.7.1.70 (Histone Kinase); EC 2.7.1- (casein kinase); 70-25-7 (Methylnitronitrosoguanidine) IS0204-3564 LARussian JCEEC SBM UI86004399 TI[Change in the protein kinase activity of glandular stomach mucosa in rats during malignant transformation] ABChanges in the activity of protein kinases in the glandular stomach mucosa of rat were studied in the case of carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine. No essential changes in the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (histone kinase) were found in the mucosa as well as in tissues of the developed tumours of the rat glandular stomach. The activity of cAMP-independent protein kinase (casein kinase) increased significantly 3 months after the beginning of the carcinogen administration and at the late stages (after 12-15 months) it was decreased considerably both in the glandular stomach tumours and in the stomach mucosa without the characters of the malignant growth. It is supposed that changes in the activity of casein kinase in the stomach mucosa at the late carcinogenesis stages are associated with the neoplastic transformation and precede the appearance of morphological characters of the malignization. AUSultanov VK; Ivashkin VT; Dorofeev GI; Romanov VV; Vasil'ev VIu TT[Izmeneniia aktivnosti proteinkinaz slizistoi obolochki zhelezistogo zheludka krysy pri zlokachestvennoi transformatsii.] EM8601 SOEksp Onkol (USSR), 1985, 7(4) p39-41 MJGastric Mucosa; Protein Kinases; Stomach Neoplasms MNHistone Kinase /ME; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; Rats; Stomach Neoplasms /EN MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide); 50-44-2 (6-Mercaptopurine) IS0204-3564 LARussian JCEEC SBM UI86004400 TI[Kinetics of the cell population in adenocarcinoma 755 after cyclophosphane administration and rate of tumor growth after an additional course of therapy with cyclophosphane and 6-mercaptopurine] ABThe two injections of cyclophosphane (100 mg/kg) to mice with adenocarcinoma 755 on the 6th and 11th days after tumour transplantation had no influence on the cell cycle but induced a decrease of its growth rate due to an increase in the level of cell losses. The third cyclophosphane injection (the same dose) on the 17th day after the tumour transplantation or an additional course of five 6-mercaptopurine injections (50 mg/kg each dose) did not change essentially the growth rate of tumours. AUKiseleva EG; Volkova LM; Konovalova NP TT[Kinetika kletochnoi populiatsii adenokartsinoma 755 posle vvedeniia tsiklofosfana i skorost' rosta opukholi posle povtornogo kursa terapii tsiklofosfanom i 6-merkaptopurinom.] EM8601 SOEksp Onkol (USSR), 1985, 7(4) p41-4 MJ6-Mercaptopurine; Adenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined; Cyclophosphamide MNAdenocarcinoma /PA; Drug Administration Schedule; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female IS0204-3564 LARussian JCEEC SBM UI86004402 TI[Preparation and characteristics of a cell line from transplantable Svec's leukemia] ABThe procedure for obtaining the CL-C5 suspension cell line from the transplantable rat leukemia (erythromyelosis) is described. Cytochemical and biochemical features of CL-C5 blast cells are established to be typical of T-cells at the differentiation stage, corresponding to thymocytes. The results obtained permit considering CL-C5 cell line as that having phenotypical indications of lymphocytes and retrovirus production lost due to the selection in the cell population. AUkudriavets IuI; Nadgornaia VA; Umanskii VIu ; Struk VI TT[Poluchenie i kharakteristika kletochnoi linii iz transplantiruemogo leikoza Shvetsa.] EM8601 SOEksp Onkol (USSR), 1985, 7(4) p49-53 MJCell Line; Leukemia, Myelocytic MNNeoplasm Transplantation; Rats; Syndrome MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0204-3564 LARussian JCEEC SBM UI86004404 TI[Characteristics of cells participating in the adoptive transfer of tumor-associated suppressor activity] ABThe application of a complex of methods for fractionation of mouse spleen cells with transplanted rhabdomyosarcomas has shown that optimal conditions for adoptive intravenous transfer of the tumour-associated suppressor activity are created under joint injection of the primed macrophages and lymphoid cells of spleen (from animals with the progressively growing tumours) interacting with the macrophages to syngenic recipients. AUSemenova-Kobzar' RA; Iudin VM; Kushko LIa; Koval'chuk EV; Berezhnaia NM TT[Kharakteristika kletok, uchastvuiushchikh v adoptivnom perenose opukholeassotsiirovannoi suppressornoi aktivnosti.] EM8601 SOEksp Onkol (USSR), 1985, 7(4) p57-60 MJImmunization, Passive; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Spleen; Suppressor Cells MNMacrophages /IM; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN20830-81-3 (Daunorubicin); 39472-31-6 (Carubicin) IS0204-3564 LARussian JCEEC SBM UI86004405 TI[Cytological characteristics of carminomycin-resistant P-388 lymphoid leukosis] ABThe carminomycin-resistant strain (P-388/c) of P-388 lymphoid leukemia is obtained. Resistance development is accompanied by higher sensitivity to cytostatics, rise of hyperploidy, replacement of the stem line, presence of definite markers in leukemic cells as well as by the appearance of a clone of cells with higher dry mass. At the level of CFUs after the carminomycin administration more remote terms of cell restoration than in case of P-388/c lymphoid leukemia are determined. The P-388/c lymphoid leukemia cells lost their sensitivity to carminomycin at the stage of the DNA synthesis. Accumulation of cells is observed in phase G2 of the mitotic cycle. AUKozinets GI; Ivanova E; Kuznetsova TV; Khanykova OK; Levina NV TT[Tsitologicheskaia kharakteristika limfoleikoza P-388, rezistentnogo k karminomitsinu.] EM8601 SOEksp Onkol (USSR), 1985, 7(4) p60-4, 76 MJCarubicin; Daunorubicin; Leukemia P388; Leukemia, Experimental MNAntineoplastic Agents /PD; Cell Survival /DE; Drug Resistance; Hematopoietic Stem Cells /DE; Mice; Mitosis /DE; Neoplasm Transplantation MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN12001-29-5 (chrysotile); 1332-21-4 (Asbestos); 50-32-8 (Benzo(a); 71-43-2 (Benzene) IS0204-3564 LARussian JCEEC SBM UI86004406 TI[Effect of carcinogenic substances on bone marrow cells in CBA mice] ABThe effect of some carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic agents on the content of CFUs and frequency of micronuclei (Howell-Jolly corps) in polychromatic erythrocytes of bone marrow cells was studied in CBA mice. Benzene administration decreased the content of CFUs in bone marrow cells, but this effect is considered to be rather a sign of its hematotropic than carcinogenic action. Changes in the CFUs amount induced by chrysotile-asbestos and quartz DQ-12 action were insignificant. All investigated carcinogenic agents (benz(a)pyrene, asbestos and benzene) significantly increased the number of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes of bone marrow in mice. AUVanchugova NN; Privalova LI; Komissarova OV; Grebennikov SA TT[Vliianie nekotorykh kantserogennykh veshchestv na kletki kostnogo mozga u myshei CBA.] EM8601 SOEksp Onkol (USSR), 1985, 7(4) p65-6 MJAsbestos; Benzene; Benzo(a)pyrene; Bone Marrow MNErythrocyte Inclusions /DE; Hematopoietic Stem Cells /DE; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0204-3564 LARussian JCEEC SBM UI86004408 TI[Interrelation of erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis in experimental infectious processes and in viral leukemogenesis] ABInterrelation of erythropoiesis and immune response was studied in mice of various lines infected with mycoplasma species, Shigella flexneri 2a and Rauscher leukemia virus (R-MLV). Intensity of erythropoiesis was estimated by the endocolonization data of sublethally irradiated mice and 59Fe incorporation, while immune reactivity--by generation of splenic antibody-forming cells in response to immunization with sheep erythrocytes. The inverse correlation between the ability of infectious agents to enhance erythropoiesis and to depress immune reactivity was found. Enhanced state of erythropoiesis was observed with concomitant diminished immune response when R-MLV and M. arthritidis or S. flexneri 2a (strain 516) were used. There was a positive correlation between the ability of mycoplasmae and shigellae to activate erythropoiesis and their stimulatory effect on R-MLV reproduction tested by the spleen focus-forming units (SFFU) enumeration technique. Possible role of mononuclear phagocytes in the phenomena mentioned is discussed. AUSanin AV; Snegireva AE; Nikolaeva TN TT[Vzaimootnoshenie eritropoeza i limfopoeza pri eksperimental'nykh infektsionnykh protsessakh i virusnom leikozogeneze.] EM8601 SOEksp Onkol (USSR), 1985, 7(4) p68-71 MJDysentery, Bacillary; Hematopoiesis; Leukemia, Experimental; Mycoplasma Infections MNErythropoiesis; Lymphocytes; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice; Rauscher Virus; Shigella Flexneri MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0204-3564 LARussian JCEEC SBM UI86004409 TI[Colony-forming ability of lymph node fibroblasts in patients with malignant lymphomas] ABDetermination of the efficiency of fibroblasts' colony-formation in patients with Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia reveals that the colony-forming ability of fibroblasts does not depend on the nature of the pathological process, but depends on the morphofunctional status of the lymphoid tissue. It is found that single determination of fibroblasts colony-formation efficiency cannot be used as a prognostic feature for determination of the further course and outcome of the disease. AUNovik VI; Chekharina EA TT[Otsenka kolonieobrazuiushchei sposobnosti fibroblastov limfaticheskikh uzlov bol'nykh zlokachestvennymi limfomami.] EM8601 SOEksp Onkol (USSR), 1985, 7(4) p72-4 MJLymph Nodes; Lymphoma MNColony-Forming Units Assay; Fibroblasts; Hodgkin's Disease /PA; Hyperplasia MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman; In Vitro RN15663-27-1 (Cisplatin); 60-00-4 (EDTA) IS0204-3564 LARussian JCEEC SBM UI86004410 TI[Mitigation of cisplatin toxicity by the complexon tetacin-calcium] ABA possibility to decrease toxic properties of intraperitoneally injected platidiam (cis-platin, CSSR) administered by means of edtacal, a complexon (tetracinium-calcium, CSSR), administered per os is studied. It is established in intact mice that administration of edtacal simultaneously with platidiam or 1 h before decreases the mortality rate, diarrhea incidence and animal body mass loss. Edtacal is shown to have also an antiemetic action. Edtacal administered simultaneously with platidiam as well as 1 and 3 h before its injection does not decrease the antitumour activity of the preparation in (C57B1 X CBA)F1 mice with the Ehrlich ascite carcinoma. AUNikulina LB; Syrkin AB TT[Umen'shenie toksicheskogo effekta tsisplatina pod vliianiem kompleksona tetatsin-kal'tsiia.] EM8601 SOEksp Onkol (USSR), 1985, 7(4) p74-6 MJAntidotes; Cisplatin; EDTA MNAntiemetics /TU; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor /DT; Cisplatin /TU; Dogs; Mice MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RNEC 3.1.1 (Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases); EC 3.1.1.- (naphthylbutyrate esterase); EC 3.1.3. (Nucleotidases); EC 3.1.3.2 (Acid Phosphatase); EC 3.1.3.5 (5'-nucleotidase); EC 3.2.1.31 (Glucuronidase); EC 3.4.14. (Dipeptidyl Peptidases); EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV); EC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase) IS0204-3564 LARussian JCEEC SBM UI86004411 TI[Cytochemical studies of T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations in normal conditions and in malignant lymphoproliferative diseases] ABData from literature and results of the authors' own investigations concerning cytochemical peculiarities of T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations at the antigen-independent and antigen-dependent differentiation stages are reviewed. Enzyme-cytochemical characteristics for human lymphoid cells at early ontogenesis are presented, peculiarities of cells are given in the thymus-dependent and thymus-independent sites of lymphopoiesis organs and certain types of patch-forming cells are discussed. Data on the enzyme topography in the functionally different subpopulations of lymphocytes identified by a set of the monoclonal antibodies are elucidated. It is shown that the combined application of immunological and cytochemical methods permits establishing more precisely the cell origin and maturity level for different forms and variants of tumour diseases of the lymphoid tissue. AUGluzman DF; Sidorenko SP; Nadgornaia VA; Skliarenko LM TT[Tsitokhimicheskie issledovaniia subpopuliatsii T- i B-limfotsitov v norme i pri zlokachestvennykh limfoproliferativnykh zabolevaniiakh.] EM8601 SOEksp Onkol (USSR), 1985, 7(4) p8-18 MJB Lymphocytes; Leukemia; Lymphoma; T Lymphocytes MNAcid Phosphatase /ME; Adenosine Triphosphatase /ME; Antibodies, Monoclonal /IM; B Lymphocytes /EN; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases /ME; Dipeptidyl Peptidases /ME; Glucuronidase /ME; Mice; Nucleotidases /ME; Rosette Formation; T Lymphocytes /EN MCEnglish Abstract; Review MTAnimal; Human; In Vitro IS0012-7590 LAGerman JCEED SBM UI86004412 TI[EMG and evoked potentials in adrenomyeloneuropathy] ABIn a 31 year old patient with adrenocortical gland insufficiency and minor clinical signs of involvement of peripheral and central nervous system an adrenoleucodystrophy was diagnosed, based upon the characteristic elevation of hexacosanoic acid in plasma. The motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities in upper and lower extremities were markedly reduced; in accordance, the somatosensory evoked potentials showed distinct reduction in the peripheral part. In contrast, the interpeak latencies N 20 - NSEP 3 (median nerve) and N 22 - P 40 (tibial nerve) were in the upper normal range, so that a damage of the central sensory system could not be evaluated. The visual and brainstem acoustic evoked potentials were a little prolonged. The problems in differential diagnosis of this form of adrenoleucodystrophy, which especially involves the peripheral nervous system, are discussed. AUKrause KH; Brosi K; Rittmann M; Scheglmann K; Frank K; Ziegler R TT[EMG und evozierte Potentiale bei der Adrenomyeloneuropathie.] EM8601 SOEEG EMG (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 16(2) p101-3 MJAdrenal Gland Hypofunction; Adrenoleukodystrophy; Cerebral Sclerosis, Diffuse; Electromyography; Evoked Potentials MNAdult; Reaction Time MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male RN439-14-5 (Diazepam); 80-77-3 (Chlormezanone); 83-98-7 (Orphenadrine) IS0012-7590 LAGerman JCEED SBM UI86004413 TI[Results of electromyographic studies with central muscle relaxants--feasibility of objectivization and standardization] ABThe following drugs, mostly postulated acting at a supraspinal or spinal level as diazepam, chlormezanone and orphenadrine citrate were proved for their effectiveness in lessening tension of muscles. This was assessed by electromyography recording different neurophysiological phenomenons as mono- and polysynaptic reflex responses (H-reflex and unloading reflex as a result of a suddenly muscle relaxation (= post-reflex inhibition phase/silent period) and tiredness reaction. This investigations were performed on at least 65 patients. The outcomes are: statistical significant increase of the silent period of the unloading reflex under the treatment with diazepam and orphenadrine citrate. Diazepam also extended the time between the initial electric stimulus and H-reflex phenomenon. Evaluating these results it might be obvious that diazepam is acting on supraspinal level and the spinal too, orphenadrine citrate only on the supraspinal one. Chlormezanone showed no effect according to that protocol on all mentioned neurophysiological parameters. AUOllinger H; Gruber J; Singer F TT[Ergebnisse elektromyographischer Untersuchungen mit zentralen Muskelrelaxantien--Moglichkeiten der Objektivierung, Standardisierung.] EM8601 SOEEG EMG (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 16(2) p104-7 MJElectromyography; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Tonus MNAdult; Aged; Chlormezanone /PD; Diazepam /PD; H-Reflex /DE; Middle Age; Orphenadrine /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-7590 LAGerman JCEED SBM UI86004414 TI[Electroneurography in the carpal tunnel syndrome--selective antidromic sensory and orthodromic measurement of the median nerve in the wrist-palm segment with surface electrodes] ABIn addition to standard electroneurographic parameters of the median nerve the antidromic sensory and orthodromic conduction velocity in the wrist-palm segment were recorded with surface electrodes. Statistics with stepwise discriminant analysis were based on the data of 102 hands from normal persons and 54 hands from patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. The most sensitive parameter in diagnosis of the mild carpal tunnel syndrome is the antidromic sensory conduction velocity in the wrist-palm segment. AUHildenhagen O; Rehm U; Holdorff B TT[Elektroneurographie beim Karpaltunnel-Syndrom--Selektive antidromsensible und orthodrome Messung des Nervus medianus im Segment Handgelenk-Palma mit Oberflachenelektroden.] EM8601 SOEEG EMG (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 16(2) p108-13 MJCarpal Tunnel Syndrome; Median Nerve MNAction Potentials; Adult; Aged; Electrodes; Middle Age; Neural Conduction; Reaction Time MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-7590 LAGerman JCEED SBM UI86004415 TI[Sural nerve neurography using surface and needle electrodes in polyneuropathies. Comparative study] ABIt was the objective of our study to find a simple and reliable method for the electroneurographic examination of the sural nerve of patients suffering from polyneuropathy. As a first step, the normal values of persons not affected by this disease were taken by orthodromic technique and surface electrodes. The results were as follows: nerve conduction velocity: 59,44 m/s +/- 5,05; amplitude of the nerve action potential: 6,58 microV +/- 3,05; duration of the amplitude: 2,08 ms +/- 2,7; prolongation of latency after double stimulation: 3,37% +/- 0,77. Then potentials were stimulated by surface- and needle electrodes on the patients affected by polyneuropathy and recorded. Comparing the results gained by the different methods, we found that they correlated in a highly significant way, which means that all the methods are equally applicable. The stimulation and recording by surface electrodes, however, has apart from its reliability the additional advantage of being a simple, quick, and gentle method of examination. There is little objection to applying it repeatedly to the same patient. Further information about polyneuropathy can be obtained by the examination of the relative refractory period. AUEwert T; Hielscher H; Grotemeyer KH; Hermanns M TT[Die N. suralis-Neurographie mit Oberflachen- und Nadelelektroden bei Polyneuropathien. Eine vergleichende Studie.] EM8601 SOEEG EMG (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 16(2) p114-9 MJPolyneuritis; Spinal Nerves; Sural Nerve MNAction Potentials; Adult; Aged; Electrodes; Middle Age; Neural Conduction; Reaction Time MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0012-7590 LAGerman JCEED SBM UI86004416 TI[Autonomic reflexes, EEG and partial arousal reaction in the near-threshold region to acoustic stimuli in the newborn] ABA sample of 19 neonates were exposed to sub- and suprathreshold acoustic stimuli. The experiment was performed with sleeping subjects. Stimuli, tones of 125, 250, 500 and 750 cps, third sounds of the same middle frequency and white noise, were applied only, if periods with no REM activity occurred. Stimulus intensity was varied from the subthreshold level (70-80 dB) to the suprathreshold level (80-100 dB). Polygraphic variables were recorded (EEG, EOG, instantaneous heart rate, respiration movements, actogram, motoric reactions and psychogalvanic reflex). The results showed, that with increasing stimulus intensity irregularities of respiratory parameters occurred. With further increase of stimulus intensity systematic changes in respiratory parameters and heart rate occurred. In addition to these changes, EEG activity and motoric reactions were obtained, when stimulus intensity reached a critical level. These data are consistent with the idea that at low stimulus intensities irregular vegetative reactions occur whereas systematic responses can be observed only, if stimulus intensity is above threshold. We conclude that with increasing stimulus intensity subcortical activity decreases whereas cortical activation increases. AUWranek U; Zwiener U; Eiselt M; Wunder L; Bolwin R TT[Vegetative Reflexe, EEG und partielle Arousalreaktion im schwellennahen Bereich auf akustische Reize bei Neugeborenen.] EM8601 SOEEG EMG (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 16(2) p120-3 MJArousal; Electroencephalography; Infant, Newborn; Reflex MNAcoustic Stimulation; Galvanic Skin Response /PH; Heart Rate; Respiration MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-7590 LAGerman JCEED SBM UI86004417 TI[A simple electronic delay line that facilitates the incomplete display of spontaneous bioelectric signals on an oscilloscope] ABA simple electronic delay line is described which is appropriate to delay bioelectric events like action potentials of neurons up to 100 ms. Thus, the device allows to use untriggered potentials as trigger signals and thereafter to display the delayed events including possible prepotentials in toto on an oscilloscope. The delay line mainly consists on charge coupled devices (CCD) in which samples of potentials to be delayed are transported like in ╥bucket-chain╙. Thereby the delay time at a given number of CCD elements only depends on the frequency of a clock which drives the chain. As long as action potentials and other bioelectric events have to be delayed up to ca. 0,1 s this device may be used as an alternative to transient recorders or other apparatus which are far more expensive than the presented delay line. AUBingmann D; Sasse L TT[Eine einfache elektronische Verzogerungskette, die die unvollstandige Darstellung spontaner bioelektrischer Signale auf einem Oszilloskop erleichtert.] EM8601 SOEEG EMG (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 16(2) p65-8 MJData Display; Electronics; Electrophysiology MNAction Potentials; Guinea Pigs MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN439-14-5 (Diazepam); 58-08-2 (Caffeine) IS0012-7590 LAGerman JCEED SBM UI86004418 TI[Methodological aspects of the analysis of the effects of drugs (diazepam and caffeine) on contingent negative variation] ABThe paper discusses the importance and implications of the event-related-potentials in the analysis of effects of centrally acting drugs. This is illustrated using a study on the influence of diazepam and caffeine on the contingent-negative-variation (CNV) as an example. Special emphasis is placed on methodological problems and their possible solutions. A linear robust fitting technique was used for quantification of the slow-rising, ramp-like CNV potentials as an alternative to conventional baseline-to-peak measures. Results obtained by this method were validated by a second analysis taking slow superimposed DC-shifts into account. This was achieved by defining a reference line from the data for CNV-development and -resolution. The possibilities of single-trial potential evaluation were explored by using a pattern recognition algorithm. The average CNV-waveform was used as a reference-signal to which the single-trial potentials were correlated. Since pattern recognition techniques are sensitive to morphological changes of the potentials they are adding a new aspect to event-related-potential analysis. AUHeinze HJ; Munte TF ; Kunkel H ; Dickmann K TT[Methodische Aspekte bei der Analyse von Pharmakaeffekten (Diazepam und Koffein) auf die Contingent Negative Variation.] EM8601 SOEEG EMG (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 16(2) p69-74 MJCaffeine; Contingent Negative Variation; Diazepam; Electrophysiology MNAdult; Methods MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0012-7590 LAGerman JCEED SBM UI86004419 TI[Visual evoked potential studies on human cortical coding of the speed of movement of a grating pattern] ABKnowledge referring to the kind of velocity coding in human cortex can be obtained either by psychophysical methods or by recording of visually evoked cortical potentials (VEPs). With the help of adaptation experiments it is possible to distinguish between the additive and substitutive coding principle. VEPs were evoked by the onset of movement of a grating pattern (test stimulus). The most prominent waves N2 and P2 increased with accelerating test stimulus velocity within a range of 0.2-4 deg/s (see strong curve in Fig. 6a and 7a). Moving gratings (adaptation stimuli) were additionally presented in corresponding runs during the intervals between the test stimuli to attain a stable level of movement adaptation. The additional movement stimulation reduced the VEP amplitudes in general (see weak lines in Figs. 6a, 7a and relative amplitudes in Figs. 6b, 7b). When the adaptation stimulus velocity was raised within a range of 0.1-4 deg/s (see values of the abscissas in Figs. 6 and 7 indicated by symbols with arrow) the relative VEP amplitude became smaller (decrease from curve to x). This result points to the validity of the additive coding principle. The different behavior of the delta-curve supports the hypothesis of a second channel for velocities faster than 1 deg/s. AUMuller R ; Gopfert E ; Hartwig M TT[VEP-Untersuchungen zur Kodierung der Geschwindigkeit bewegter Streifenmuster im Kortex des Menschen.] EM8601 SOEEG EMG (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 16(2) p75-80 MJEvoked Potentials, Visual; Form Perception; Motion Perception; Pattern Recognition, Visual MNAdult; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human IS0012-7590 LAGerman JCEED SBM UI86004420 TI[Cerebral refractory period of visual evoked potentials following total field and foveal stimulation] ABTen normal subjects of the age of 21 to 57 years were examined with single stimulus- and double stimulus-VEP following checkerboard whole field stimulation, foveal stimulation with a small checkerboard and flash. The latencies of the VEP following foveal stimulation are longer than those following whole field stimulation. There could not be determined a relative refractory period following checkerboard whole field stimulation at double stimulation. There is a relative refractory period following foveal stimulation between 80 and 100 ms. With retrobulbar neuritis at a late stage the relative refractory period is prolonged and it appears at about 150 ms. AUGerhard H; Jorg J ; Friesacher H TT[Zerebrale Refraktarperiode des VEP nach Ganzfeld- und fovealer Stimulation.] EM8601 SOEEG EMG (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 16(2) p81-6 MJEvoked Potentials, Visual; Reaction Time; Refractory Period, Psychological MNAdolescence; Adult; Fovea Centralis /PH; Middle Age; Multiple Sclerosis /PP; Optic Neuritis /PP; Pattern Recognition, Visual /PH MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0012-7590 LAGerman JCEED SBM UI86004421 TI[Somatosensory evoked potentials in comatose patients: comparison with clinical findings, EEG and prognosis] AB21 comatose patients were examined by somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP). The findings were correlated with the stage of brainstem herniation, the EEG and the outcome. We evaluated the early components of the SSEP (N10, N13, N14, P15, N20) in view of presence, latency and interpeak-latency of the potentials. In most cases the percentage of abnormal SSEP increased from caudal to rostral registration sites, but the potential P15 and N20 were equally abnormal. The progression of herniation correlated with increasing abnormality of the potentials. SSEP over the scalp (P15, N20) could not be registered in patients without any EEG-activity (isoelectric). Mean values of latencies and the interpeak-latencies were significantly prolonged in all cases with fatal outcome. Our findings suggest SSEP as a useful tool in the evaluation of brain-dysfunction in comatose patients. AUReisecker F; Witzmann A; Loffler W ; Leblhuber F; Deisenhammer E; Valencak E TT[Somatosensorisch evozierte Potentiale beim komatosen Patienten, ein Vergleich mit klinischem Befund, EEG und Prognose.] EM8601 SOEEG EMG (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 16(2) p87-92 MJComa /PP; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory MNAdult; Aged; Brain Stem /PP; Coma /DI; Middle Age; Prognosis MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN57-43-2 (Amobarbital) IS0012-7590 LAGerman JCEED SBM UI86004422 TI[Monitoring of therapeutic neuroradiologic examination and therapeutic procedures using evoked potentials] ABInterventional neuroradiology makes use of different diagnostic and therapeutic catheterization techniques. Treatments performed are local intraarterial thrombolytic therapy, embolization and occlusion of brain supplying arteries, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and intraarterial application of drugs. These treatments make it most important to check the patients neurological state during the procedure. Intraoperative monitoring of evoked potentials offers the opportunity to get objective information about changes in certain central nervous system functions even in anaesthesized patients. Usually intraoperative monitoring is performed to obtain information whether the function of structures at risk remains stable or is altered by the operation. This represents a more passive, observing way of monitoring. During interventional neuroradiology one is enabled to take additionally a more active and experimental way of monitoring by using the advantages of special catheter techniques like series of reversible balloon occlusion or intraarterial drug application. This leads to a dialogue between the radiologist and the neurophysiologist about the safety or the risk of the next step during a procedure. There are mainly two types of new information that can be achieved by active monitoring: the identification of functional territories of single or multiple feeding vessels and new insights into hemodynamics and the establishing of new sufficient collaterals. We have used intraoperative neuromonitoring in 35 patients during interventional neuroradiology. Our findings will be summarized and the usefulness of the different monitoring methods will be discussed. AUHacke W; Hundgen R ; Zeumer H; Ferbert A; Buchner H TT[Uberwachung der therapeutischen neuroradiologischen Untersuchungs- und Therapieverfahren mittels evozierten Potentialen.] EM8601 SOEEG EMG (Germany, West), Jun 1985, 16(2) p93-100 MJAngioplasty, Transluminal; Embolization, Therapeutic; Evoked Potentials; Fibrinolysis; Monitoring, Physiologic MNAmobarbital /AD; Antineoplastic Agents /AD; Arterial Occlusive Diseases /TH; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0013-4649 LAEnglish JCEEH SBM UI86004423 TIThe use of neurometrics in the study of patients with cerebral ischaemia. ABThe 'neurometric' method, as developed by John, was used for the study of patients with one-sided supratentorial ischaemia. The results of a reference group of 64 normal volunteers were compared with those of a group of 94 patients. This patient group included 54 patients with permanent neurological deficit (completed stroke or partial non-progressive stroke) and 40 patients with transient neurological symptoms (reversible ischaemic neurological deficit or transient ischaemic attacks). In 90% of all patients the neurometric method indicated that the EEG had to be considered as abnormal (compared with 3% of false positives in the reference group). A significant overall asymmetry was found in 82% of all patients compared with 2% in the reference group. During the follow-up period of 3 months there was a significant improvement of the EEG (as indicated by 3 neurometric parameters) as well as an improvement in clinical condition. In 57.5% of the EEGs, both the neurometric score and the visual assessment of the EEG indicated that some abnormality was present. In 6.6% of the cases both methods failed to indicate any abnormality. In 34.0% the neurometrics method revealed an abnormality in the EEG which was not found by visual assessment. In only 1.9% of the patients did visual assessment suggest abnormalities which could not be confirmed by neurometrics. In the group of EEGs which were considered as normal by visual assessment, the neurometrics method revealed abnormalities in 84%. The neurometric method is at the moment the most sensitive approach for detecting abnormalities in the EEG of patients with unilateral cerebral ischaemia. However, the method seems not very accurate for lateralization or localization of the lesions. AUJonkman EJ; Poortvliet DC; Veering MM; De Weerd AW; John ER EM8601 SOElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Ireland), Nov 1985, 61(5) p333-41 MJCerebral Ischemia, Transient; Electroencephalography MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Neurophysiology; Vision Disorders /DI MTFemale; Human; Male IS0013-4649 LAEnglish JCEEH SBM UI86004424 TIElectroencephalographic findings in neuroacanthocytosis. ABThis study reports the electroencephalographic findings in two siblings with neuroacanthocytosis. Slowing of the background activity with diffuse slow waves was the main finding in the daytime EEG. All-night polysomnographic recordings were characterized by high voltage slow activity during drowsy state and REM sleep. One patient with an average of 40 episodes of apnea per night of sleep was treated with imipramine and showed respiratory improvement. AUHori A; Kazukawa S; Nakamura I; Endo M EM8601 SOElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Ireland), Nov 1985, 61(5) p342-8 MJElectroencephalography; Movement Disorders MNAcanthocytes; Adult; Brain /PP; Middle Age; Sleep MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0013-4649 LAEnglish JCEEH SBM UI86004425 TIOn-going EEG in depression: a topographic spectral analytical pilot study. ABSpontaneous EEG activities recorded with 19 electrodes (10-20 system) on the scalp were quantified by spectral analytical methods (power and coherence spectra) to reveal changes of power and coherence during different conditions (eyes closed/relaxed, eyes opened/relaxed, flicker stimulation, reading, listening to a story). Control subjects and depressive patients were compared. Power as well as coherence changes were found in all frequency bands. Changes in the organization of the EEG were found in different areas of both hemispheres. The EEG organization was different in control subjects and depressive patients, indicating different levels of vigilance and/or different cognitive strategies in verbal tasks in the two groups. AUPockberger H; Petsche H; Rappelsberger P; Zidek B; Zapotoczky HG EM8601 SOElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Ireland), Nov 1985, 61(5) p349-58 MJDepression; Electroencephalography MNAdult; Auditory Perception /PH; Brain /PP; Reading MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0013-4649 LAEnglish JCEEH SBM UI86004426 TIInfant VEP acuity measurements: analysis of individual differences and measurement error. ABThe reliability of visual evoked potential (VEP) measurements of acuity was determined by estimating acuity for sinewave luminance gratings which were counterphase modulated at either 12 or 20 reversals/sec (rps). Gratings were swept in spatial frequency beyond the acuity limit and acuity was estimated from an extrapolation based on the last peak in the VEP amplitude versus spatial frequency function. Twenty-five infants ranging in age from 17 to 25 weeks were studied. Individual 10 sec sweeps resulted in records with a criterion response in 65-75% of trials. The reliability of acuities obtained from individual 10 sec sweeps was +/- 0.54 octaves at 95% confidence across 12 and 20 rps recording conditions (RMS error of +/- 0.27 octaves). The best acuity attained by each infant on either a single sweep, or on their vector average, was reliable to +/- 0.38 octaves at 95% confidence (RMS error of +/- 0.19 octaves) compared to a range of individual acuities of about 2 octaves. Much of the variability of sweep VEP acuity in cross-sectional samples of infants is therefore attributable to reliable individual differences rather than to measurement error. In testing individual infants our analysis indicates that choice of temporal frequency accounts for only 14% of the variation in acuity estimates within subjects. AUNorcia AM; Tyler CW EM8601 IDEY-03622; RR-5566 SOElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Ireland), Nov 1985, 61(5) p359-69 MJElectroencephalography; Visual Acuity MNEvoked Potentials, Visual; Infant; Spectrum Analysis MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0013-4649 LAEnglish JCEEH SBM UI86004427 TIIsokinetic measurements of muscle strength in hysterical paresis. ABThe torque during isokinetic knee extensions and flexions was determined in repeated tests at 3 speeds of angular rotation in 25 patients with pareses considered to be hysterical after relevant examinations and follow-up. The torque records were combined with surface EMG from the quadriceps and the hamstring muscles in some patients. Besides the weakness, 3 signs were observed that are not usually seen in patients with pareses due to verified peripheral or central lesions. These signs were: Enlarged variability of torque in repeated tests of the same movement (larger than 20% of maximum torque in 22 patients). Higher torque in fast movements than in slow movements (8 patients). Force production in knee flexion less than that expected from the weight of leg and lever arm due to restraining activation of the quadriceps muscle (12 patients). The restraint was present although there was no spasticity. The signs reflect inconsistent and contradictory motor performance that is not compatible with a genuine paresis. Thus, they aid the identification of weakness of functional origin. AUKnutsson E; Martensson A EM8601 SOElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Ireland), Nov 1985, 61(5) p370-4 MJHysteria; Muscles; Paresis MNAdult; Electromyography; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0013-4649 LAEnglish JCEEH SBM UI86004428 TIRecall deficits produced by afterdischarges in the human hippocampal formation and amygdala. ABThe human amygdala, hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus were stimulated in 3 epileptic patients with low-level electrical current during a paired associates learning task. Delayed recall of the response-words was severely impaired if, and only if, a unilateral afterdischarge was evoked. Stimulation at the same strength produced no deficit in immediate recall, nor in mental arithmetic, even when auras and afterdischarges were evoked. These data support the association of amnesia with medial temporal lobe paroxysms during complex partial seizures. AUHalgren E; Wilson CL EM8601 IDNS02808; NS18741 SOElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Ireland), Nov 1985, 61(5) p375-80 MJAmygdaloid Body; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Hippocampus; Memory Disorders MNEvoked Potentials MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0013-4649 LAEnglish JCEEH SBM UI86004429 TIPhotic driving evoked by hemifield flickering dot pattern stimulation in a patient with brain tumor. ABWe have described photic driving evoked by hemifield 5/sec flickering dot pattern stimulation in a patient suffering from a metastatic tumor in the left parietal lobe. Based on an analysis of the photic driving in this particular patient, the left upper lip of the visual cortex is presumed to be the most sensitive to 5/sec flickering dot pattern stimulation. It is suggested that such an examination might be useful for determining local functional disturbance in the visual cortex. AUTakahashi T; Tomioka H EM8601 SOElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Ireland), Nov 1985, 61(5) p381-4 MJBrain Neoplasms; Electroencephalography; Form Perception; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Photic Stimulation; Visual Cortex MNBrain Neoplasms /SC; Evoked Potentials; Middle Age; Visual Fields MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0013-4649 LAEnglish JCEEH SBM UI86004430 TIStance and gait perturbations in children: developmental aspects of compensatory mechanisms. ABThe leg muscle EMG responses following perturbations during stance and gait were analysed in children between 1 and 8 years of age in order to study the development of those reflex systems responsible for the compensatory movements necessary to maintain body equilibrium. Single monosynaptic reflex potentials followed by a long-lasting (about 500 msec) polysynaptic gastrocnemius EMG response, along with coactivation of all antagonistic leg muscles, were characteristic of the EMG reactions following a treadmill acceleration impulse in early infancy. From 4 years of age on, the monosynaptic reflex potentials disappeared when perturbations were induced during gait. In addition, the polysynaptic reflex response became shorter (about 100 msec) and a reciprocal mode of leg muscle activation occurred, with a consequently more rapid and effective compensation of perturbation impulses. In older children with a disorder of the motor system acquired at an early age, a partial persistence of the immature motor responses could be observed, irrespective of whether the impairment was a cerebral lesion or a muscular dystrophy. It is concluded that the coactivation pattern is due to the immaturity of those nervous structures mediating afferent information necessary for the control of bipedal stance and gait. Furthermore, the existence of mutual inhibition of monosynaptic and polysynaptic spinal reflex responses, dependent on the function of supraspinal motor centres, can be assumed. AUBerger W; Quintern J; Dietz V EM8601 SOElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Ireland), Nov 1985, 61(5) p385-95 MJGait; Motor Skills; Muscles MNCerebral Palsy /PP; Child, Preschool; Child; Electromyography; Infant; Leg; Muscle Contraction; Muscular Dystrophy /PP; Neural Pathways /PH; Reflex; Spinal Cord /PH; Synapses /PH MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0013-4649 LAEnglish JCEEH SBM UI86004431 TIEvoked potentials from passive elbow movements. I. Quantitative spatial and temporal analysis. ABEvoked potentials following perturbations of the forearm were recorded monopolarly at 8 scalp sites. Successive 10 msec bins of individual EPs were compared across subjects to determine intervals of consistent potential change. From this analysis it was possible to objectively sort subjects into two subpopulations with different common wave forms. Spatial vectors (potential gradient between two adjacent leads) were computed as well as Laplacian derivatives, to identify electrodes closest to source activity. Subsequently, temporal derivatives of the vectors were computed to define the timing of statistically significant response phases. To more precisely localize the largest potential gradients, component vectors (or their derivatives) in the Laplacians were resolved algebraically on a scaled representation of the scalp. Convergence of these resultant vectors from adjacent areas, identified zones of significant potential change which corresponded to known somatosensory areas. The two subpopulations had initial responses of similar topography localized to the central sulcal region. Subsequently, for one group the area of activated cortex expanded to include posterior parietal and more frontal areas. Prestimulus negative potential shifts had different distributions for the two groups and are described in relation to the poststimulus differences. AUCrammond DJ; MacKay WA; Murphy JT EM8601 SOElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Ireland), Nov 1985, 61(5) p396-410 MJCerebral Cortex; Elbow; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials MNAdult; Brain Mapping; Movement; Touch /PH MTHuman IS0013-4649 LAEnglish JCEEH SBM UI86004432 TIChanges in wakefulness during exposure to whole body vibration. ABThirty subjects were exposed to low frequency sinusoidal and random whole body vibration in the vertical direction, 0.3 m/sec2 (rms). Changes in wakefulness during 15 min vibration were compared to changes occurring during corresponding pauses without exposure. Measurements were made on EEG and ECG. Exposure to whole body vibration was found to be correlated with reduction in wakefulness. This effect, verified by an increase of theta and decrease of alpha activity, was greater during sinusoidal than random vibration. AULandstrom U ; Lundstrom R EM8601 SOElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Ireland), Nov 1985, 61(5) p411-5 MJElectroencephalography; Movement; Wakefulness MNAdult; Brain /PH; Vibration MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0013-4649 LAEnglish JCEEH SBM UI86004433 TIEffects of caudate nucleus on paroxysmal activity in hippocampus of cat. ABElectrically induced afterdischarges (ADs) were evoked in cat's dorsal hippocampus. The effect of the conditioning prestimulation of the caudate head on AD duration was tested. A strong inhibitory action was observed when conditioning caudate stimulation immediately preceded hippocampal test stimulation. An increase in threshold values following caudate stimulation was also noted. The time course of the inhibitory phenomenon showed a decrease of the caudate conditioning effect when the interval between the two stimuli increased: complete disappearance of such effect was found to occur at about 600 msec. When caudate head stimulation followed the onset of hippocampal AD, this was inhibited only during caudate stimulation while presenting facilitation after caudate stimulation terminated. The results are discussed in terms of a possible explanation of the contrasting action of the pallidum, while previous findings attesting the facilitatory role of these structures are considered, as are the effects of caudate stimulation on hippocampal AD. AULa Grutta V; Sabatino M; Gravante G; La Grutta G EM8601 SOElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Ireland), Nov 1985, 61(5) p416-21 MJCaudate Nucleus; Hippocampus MNCats; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy /PP; Neural Inhibition MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN487-79-6 (Kainic Acid) IS0013-4649 LAEnglish JCEEH SBM UI86004434 TISpontaneous secondarily generalized seizures induced by a single microinjection of kainic acid into unilateral amygdala in cats. ABElectrographic and clinical observations were made for 6 months after the injection of kainic acid (KA) solution (1 microgram in 1 microliter of phosphate buffer solution) through a chronically implanted cannula into a unilateral amygdala of freely moving and non-anesthetized cats. The control group (phosphate buffer group) showed no change during the observation period. After the injection of kainic acid, focal status epilepticus in the limbic system was observed for 3 days. Cats recovered clinically but persistent IIDs were observed at the injected site of the amygdala. These IIDs increased in amplitude and frequency and began to trigger spontaneous amygdaloid seizures. Secondary epileptogenic foci were then established in the contralateral amygdala, and amygdaloid seizures began to occur alternatively on both sides and finally trigger frequent limbic seizures from 20 to 40 days after KA injection. Spontaneous secondarily generalized seizures developed about 30 days after KA injection and occurred once or twice a week thereafter. The animals were completely normal in their behavior during the interictal phase. This is an excellent model of experimental epilepsy for the investigation of the mechanism of limbic seizure development and further study using this model will provide informations useful for the therapy of temporal lobe epilepsy in man. AUTanaka T; Kaijima M; Yonemasu Y; Cepeda C EM8601 SOElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Ireland), Nov 1985, 61(5) p422-9 MJAmygdaloid Body /PP; Seizures /PP MNAmygdaloid Body /PA; Cats; Electroencephalography; Hippocampus /PA /PP; Kainic Acid; Microinjections; Seizures /CI MTAnimal IS0013-4649 LAEnglish JCEEH SBM UI86004435 TISurface auditory evoked potentials in the unrestrained rat: component definition. ABAuditory evoked potentials (AEPs) to click and pure tone stimuli were recorded in unrestrained, unanesthetized rats. The middle latency rat AEPs (N17, P23, N38) had midline scalp distributions similar to human MAEPs and were recorded to within 15 dB above BAEP threshold. In contrast to human MAEPs, rat MAEPs were decreased in amplitude at high stimulation rates and only the N17 component was unaltered by slow wave sleep. The longer latency N50, N80 and P130 components had several response properties comparable to human N100-P200 vertex potentials. These included restricted midline fronto-central scalp distributions, progressive increases in amplitude at ISIs up to 4-8 sec and marked attenuation during slow wave sleep. The frequency sensitivity of the rat AEP revealed a decreased response to pure tones below 4 kHz but robust responses for stimuli up to at least 45 kHz. There was a notch in the rat audiogram with decremented component amplitudes to pure tone stimuli centered at 35 kHz. When equated for intensity, click and pure tone stimuli in the range of the rats maximal audiometric sensitivity (8-20 kHz) generated comparable AEP components. These results provide normative data on rat surface recorded AEPs. It is suggested that these surface recorded rat AEPs are generated by subcortical neural systems involved in the detection of auditory transients. AUKnight RT; Brailowsky S; Scabini D; Simpson GV EM8601 SOElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Ireland), Nov 1985, 61(5) p430-9 MJElectroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Auditory MNAuditory Cortex /PH; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats; Restraint, Physical MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0013-4649 LAEnglish JCEEH SBM UI86004436 TIArtifacts in ambulatory cassette electroencephalograms. ABMost artifacts in ambulatory electroencephalograms (AEEGs) are similar to those seen on conventional electroencephalograms (CEEGs) and can be identified as such. Some artifacts may simulate epileptiform or slow wave EEG activity and may occur asymmetrically or focally. We have described the use of a dual write-out method for identifying and detecting the source of artifacts in AEEGs. This technique has improved the quality of AEEGs and facilitated interpretation. AUJayakar PB; Patrick JP; Sill J; Shwedyk E; Seshia SS EM8601 SOElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Ireland), Nov 1985, 61(5) p440-3 MJElectroencephalography MNAdolescence; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Tape Recording MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0013-4649 LAEnglish JCEEH SBM UI86004437 TIThe assessment of two methods for removing eye movement artefact from the EEG. ABA quantitative assessment of both computerised correlation and analogue techniques for the removal of eye movement artefact from the electroencephalogram was undertaken. In both methods a fraction of the measured EOGs was subtracted from the measured EEG to leave the corrected EEG. In the correlation method the correction factors were computed from the cross-correlations of the EOGs and measured EEGs. In the analogue method the fraction subtracted was derived using a potential divider arrangement. The relative effectiveness of the two methods was determined by comparing the autocorrelation functions of the corrected EEGs at a lag of 2 sec. It was found that the computerised correlation technique was superior. A 3-channel EOG correlation correction procedure was found adequate in which two horizontal and one vertical EOGs were used. The analogue technique was very time consuming and possibly erroneous. AUJervis BW; Nichols MJ; Allen EM; Hudson NR; Johnson TE EM8601 SOElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Ireland), Nov 1985, 61(5) p444-52 MJElectroencephalography; Eye Movements MNElectrooculography /MT MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0013-4649 LAEnglish JCEEH SBM UI86004438 TIAutomatic decomposition electromyography (ADEMG): validation and normative data in brachial biceps. ABWe describe a new, automatic method (ADEMG) for decomposing EMG interference patterns into their constituent motor unit action potentials (MUAPs), and quantitating the configurational and firing properties of the MUAPs. ADEMG is fast (90 sec analysis time for a 10 sec EMG epoch) and efficient (33-98% of MUAP occurrences correctly identified) because of 4 signal-processing innovations designated digital prefiltering, high-resolution wave form alignment, firing-time analysis and interference-cancellation averaging. Validation experiments are described involving recruitment/derecruitment of low-threshold MUAPs, and single-fiber-triggered averaging. Normative data are presented for 2000 MUAPs from brachial biceps (mean 9.7 MUAPs per site) at 3 levels of isometric contraction (7%, 15% and 30% MVC) and contrasted with normal findings obtained using traditional, low-threshold MUAP analysis. The main advantages of ADEMG are speed of data acquisition and processing in the clinical setting; ability to analyze both low- and high-threshold MUAPs during moderately strong muscular contractions; and MUAP firing-rate information. AUMcGill KC; Dorfman LJ EM8601 SOElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (Ireland), Nov 1985, 61(5) p453-61 MJElectromyography MNAction Potentials; Muscles /PH RN9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0013-7200 LAEnglish JCEFZ SBM UI86004439 TICanine C-peptide for characterization of experimental diabetes in dogs. ABRadioimmunoassay of canine C-peptide (CCP) was developed for the characterization of endogenous beta cell function in experimentally diabetic dogs. The animals were rendered diabetic by subtotal pancreatectomy and intrasurgical infusion of 2 mg kg-1 streptozotocin into the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. After an average duration of diabetes of 5 months the animals showed zero peripheral venous fasting CCP levels with no response to feeding, OGTT/i.v. glucagon loading or i.v. glucose tolerance testing. The data on CCP levels were entirely coincident with simultaneously measured plasma IRI levels. In non-diabetic control animals there were clear-cut CCP increases after all stimuli. The experimental model provided an IDDM-type diabetes without toxic symptoms but with sufficient exocrine pancreatic function. The comparison showed that plasma IRI analyses would also allow a reliable characterization of insulinogenic functions in these animals. AUFischer U; Besch W; Freyse EJ EM8601 SOEndocrinol Exp (Bratisl) (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 19(3) p139-45 MJBlood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Insulin MNDiabetes Mellitus, Experimental /PP; Dogs; Glucose Tolerance Test; Islands of Langerhans /PP; Radioimmunoassay MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 53-43-0 (Dehydroepiandrosterone); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 63-05-8 (Androstenedione); 651-48-9 (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0013-7200 LAEnglish JCEFZ SBM UI86004440 TISteroid hormone levels in serum and skin receptor concentrations in hirsutism. ABIn 36 women androgen (AR), estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptor were determined by dextran coated charcoal assay and subsequent Scatchard plot analysis in skin slices obtained from hirsute areas under local anesthesia. The biopsies were performed between day 18-21 of the menstrual cycle. Concomitantly venous blood was sampled in these and additional 14 patients for radioimmunoassay estimation of serum levels of testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), androstenedione (A), estradiol (E2) and prolactin (PRL). However, it should be noted that all receptors and hormones were not examined in all patients. The incidence of ER-positive patients was smaller (i.e. 17%) than previous findings in acne and normal skin, while 26% of the examined patients were AR-positive. This result was similar to findings in acne, whereas the receptor levels are three times higher than in acne lesions. This suggests a greater androgen sensitivity of hirsute areas compared to acne lesions. Two out of 10 examined patients were PgR-positive. T was elevated in 63%, DHEA-S in 50% and A in 37% of examined patients. Lack of correlation between hormone serum levels and corresponding receptors concentration indicates a direct involvement of hormone action at the cellular level. The data combine to suggest that greater target organ sensitivity was responsible for hirsutism in those patients with normal androgen serum levels, while the absence of receptors in skin samples may characterize patients with idiopathic hirsutism. AUSchmidt JB; Huber J; Spona J EM8601 SOEndocrinol Exp (Bratisl) (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 19(3) p147-55 MJAndrogens; Estrogens; Hirsutism /PP; Progesterone; Receptors, Steroid; Skin MNAdult; Androgens /BL; Androstenedione /BL; Dehydroepiandrosterone /AA /BL; Estradiol /BL; Estrogens /BL; Hirsutism /BL; Progesterone /BL; Prolactin /BL; Receptors, Androgen /AN; Receptors, Estrogen /AN; Receptors, Progesterone /AN; Testosterone /BL MTFemale; Human IS0013-7200 LAEnglish JCEFZ SBM UI86004441 TIEffect of repeated immobilization stress on central and peripheral adrenoceptors in rats. ABRepeated forced immobilization stress (40 times for 2.5 h daily) reduced the number of beta-receptors in the heart, hypothalamus and brain stem, but not in the spleen of rats. Repeated immobilization stress has also been found to decrease the number of alpha1-receptors in the heart and increase the number of alpha2-receptors in the spleen and brain stem, as compared to control unstressed rats. The number of heart alpha1-, spleen and brain stem alpha2-receptors was still decreased or increased, respectively, 24 h after the 39th immobilization stress. However, at the same time the number of beta-receptors in the heart and brain stem returned to the control levels. We concluded, that the changes in the number of rat adrenoceptors in the heart, hypothalamus and brain stem correlate with peripheral catecholamines released during repeated immobilization stress. AUTorda T; Kvetnansky R ; Petrikova M EM8601 SOEndocrinol Exp (Bratisl) (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 19(3) p157-63 MJReceptors, Adrenergic; Stress MNBrain Stem /PP; Heart /PP; Hypothalamus /PP; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /PH; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta /PH; Restraint, Physical; Spleen /PP MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RNEC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase); 51-35-4 (Hydroxyproline); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0013-7200 LAEnglish JCEFZ SBM UI86004442 TIBone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion in thyrotoxicosis. ABStudies were performed in 28 patients with proven active untreated thyrotoxicosis and 20 healthy age and sex matched adult subjects. In all subjects serum levels of thyroxine, calcium, phosphate and total activity of serum alkaline phosphatase and its bone isoenzyme were examined. Total urinary hydroxyproline excretion was measured after hydroxyproline free diet. Significant differences were found in the mean serum alkaline phosphatase and its bone isoenzyme levels and in the excretion of urinary hydroxyproline between a group of patients with thyrotoxicosis and a control group. In this study increased bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase activity above the normal range was found in 24 patients with thyrotoxicosis and increased the excretion of urinary hydroxyproline in all patients with thyrotoxicosis. The relationship between the increased bone alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline values indicated and increased bone turnover in the early period of disease. AUBroulik PD; Stepan JJ ; Limanova Z ; Pacovsky V EM8601 SOEndocrinol Exp (Bratisl) (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 19(3) p165-9 MJAlkaline Phosphatase; Hydroxyproline; Hyperthyroidism /EN; Isoenzymes MNAdult; Aged; Bone Regeneration; Bone Resorption; Calcium /BL; Hyperthyroidism /BL /UR; Middle Age; Phosphates /BL; Thyroxine /BL MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN300-62-9 (Amphetamine); 50-22-6 (Corticosterone); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) IS0013-7200 LAEnglish JCEFZ SBM UI86004443 TIStress in early ontogenesis and reactivity of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal system in adult rats. ABVarious stressors (laparotomy, cold or amphetamine injection) applied during the last third of pregnancy resulted in an increase of corticosterone level in mothers and a decrease of the response to emotional stressor (restriction) in their adult offspring. The same results were found after a single injection of hydrocortisone to the mothers on the 18th day of pregnancy. Adrenalectomy in mothers performed one month before the pregnancy prevented such effects. The stress (daily injections of saline s.c.) applied between 7th and 9th day of postnatal life resulted in increased corticosterone level in adult animals together with a decrease of their response to emotional stress (restriction) and, finally, in an increase of adrenocortical response to intracerebroventricular injection of noradrenaline. Similar injections of hydrocortisone between 7th and 9th day were without any effect. It is concluded that the effect of stress during the last third of pregnancy on HPAS of adult offspring may be mediated by the activation of maternal adrenal cortex. The modification of HPAS function resulting from the action of stressors during early postnatal life may be due to a relative insufficiency of corticosteroid release during the postnatal stimulation rather than to an increase of their absolute level. AUNaumenko EV; Maslova LN EM8601 SOEndocrinol Exp (Bratisl) (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 19(3) p171-8 MJCorticosterone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Stress MNAdrenalectomy; Amphetamine /PD; Cold; Corticosterone /PD; Hydrocortisone /PD; Laparotomy; Pregnancy Complications /PP; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male RN51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 5817-39-0 (Triiodothyronine, Reverse); 6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0013-7200 LAEnglish JCEFZ SBM UI86004444 TIThyroid hormones in rats during long-term cold exposure and hypometabolic effect of reverse triiodothyronine on adrenaline induced thermogenesis. ABOne-day cold exposure to 5 degrees C induced temporal increase of reverse-triiodothyronine (rT3), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations in the blood of rats (by 151%, 91% and 107%, respectively). The levels of all thyroid hormones remain elevated for at least 10 days of cold exposure. The injection of rT3 (330 micrograms kg-1 s.c.) inhibited the resting and adrenaline stimulated metabolism 1-3 days after application independently from the thyroid status of the animals. Since the hypothermic effect of rT3 occurred in thyroidectomized rats, it was concluded that rT3 acted primarily on peripheral, tissues, rather than on the thyroid. AUVybiral S ; Andrews JF; Bostik J ; Langer P; Jansky L EM8601 SOEndocrinol Exp (Bratisl) (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 19(3) p179-85 MJBody Temperature Regulation; Cold; Epinephrine; Thyroid Hormones; Triiodothyronine, Reverse /PD MNOxygen Consumption /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Thyroxine /BL; Triiodothyronine, Reverse /BL; Triiodothyronine /BL MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN70-18-8 (Glutathione) IS0013-7200 LAEnglish JCEFZ SBM UI86004445 TILong-term effect of hypophysectomy on various fractions of sulfhydryl groups in thyroid, adrenal and some other organs in rats. ABThe non-protein (NP-SH), total (T-SH) and protein bound sulfhydryl groups (PB-SH) were measured in the thyroid, adrenals, kidney, liver and skeletal muscle of hypophysectomized and sham operated adult male rats. After hypophysectomy, T-SH and PB-SH in the adrenals and thyroid decreased significantly (P less than 0.01). The maximal decline occurred at the intervals of 12-24 days after hypophysectomy. The NP-SH fraction, which is represented mainly by SH-glutathione, decreased within 24 h after hypophysectomy in both glands, then increased transiently and later it again decreased in parallel to the level of both T-SH and PB-SH. In the kidney, all fractions of SH groups increased at 4--8 days, then decreased markedly reaching control or even subcontrol levels. In contrast, we failed to observe hypophysectomy induced changes of any of the SH-fractions in the liver and muscle of rats. AUSedlak J EM8601 SOEndocrinol Exp (Bratisl) (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 19(3) p186-92 MJAdrenal Glands; Hypophysectomy; Kidney; Liver; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Thyroid Gland MNGlutathione /ME; Muscles /ME; Organ Weight; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RNEC 2.7.1.- (Protein Kinase C); EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein Kinases); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004448 TIProtein kinase activity and protein kinase inhibitor in mouse kidney: effect of the X-linked Hyp mutation and vitamin D status. ABcAMP-dependent protein kinase, Ca+2- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, and protein kinase inhibitor activity were examined in renal homogenates and 20,000 X g supernatant fractions of normal and Hyp mice. In both genotypes, 70% of total renal cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity was recovered in the soluble fraction in which the activity ratio (without cAMP to with cAMP) of the enzyme was 0.35. The requirement for cAMP was not different for protein kinase of normal and mutant littermates, with an apparent Km for cAMP of 0.05 microM in both genotypes. Furthermore, vitamin D and calcium deficiencies did not significantly affect cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in normal and Hyp mouse kidney. The concentration of the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor protein in the 20,000 X g supernatant fraction was identical in normal and Hyp kidney. Whereas protein kinase inhibitor levels were increased 1.8-fold by vitamin D and calcium deficiencies in normal mice (P less than 0.001), no such increase was detectable in Hyp mice. Ca+2- and phospholipid-dependent-protein kinase (protein kinase C) activity in the 20,000 X g supernatant fraction comprised 50% of the total activity of kidney homogenates of both normal and mutant mice. The initial rate of protein kinase C was increased 1.5-fold in kidney supernatants of Hyp mice (P less than 0.001). In contrast, protein kinase C was not significantly different from normal in supernatant fractions of heart, spleen, and liver prepared from Hyp mice. The present demonstration of abnormally high renal protein kinase C activity in Hyp mice may serve to explain the relationship between the previously reported renal defects in brush border membrane phosphate transport and vitamin D metabolism in the mutant strain and elucidate the nature of the primary defect in the Hyp mouse. AUTenenhouse HS; Henry HL EM8601 IDAM-21398; AM-32790 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1719-26 MJHypophosphatemia, Familial; Kidney; Protein Kinases; Vitamin D Deficiency MNAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /ME; Calcium /DF; Liver /EN; Mice; Myocardium /EN; Protein Kinase C /ME; Spleen /EN MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 9004-10-8 (Insulin); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004450 TIDecreased glucose-induced insulin release and biosynthesis by islets of rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes: effect of tissue culture. ABNon-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDD) was obtained in adult rats after a neonatal streptozotocin injection. In the fed state 3- to 5-month-old rats with NIDD exhibited modestly elevated plasma glucose levels (controls, 131 +/- 7 mg/dl; diabetics, 159 +/- 4 mg/dl; P less than 0.01), impaired glucose tolerance, and a very low insulin response after glucose injection. In the present study the secretion and biosynthesis of insulin were measured using isolated islets from these rats. The insulin and DNA content of islets freshly isolated from rats with NIDD were significantly lower (60% and 80%, respectively, P less than 0.001) than in the controls. The insulin content per islet cell from diabetic rats was also significantly reduced (75%) (P less than 0.01) as compared to controls. At a low glucose concentration (2.8 mM) the insulin release from islets of diabetic rats was 60% (P less than 0.05) of that the controls. At a glucose concentration of 16.5 mM it was stimulated 5-fold from the islets of NIDD rats and 7-fold from the islets of control rats. (Pro)insulin biosynthesis, assessed in the same islets by measuring the incorporation of [3H]phenylalanine into immunoprecipitable material, was significantly higher (50%) (P less than 0.01) in islets from NIDD rats when measured at 2.8 mM glucose. Although (pro)insulin biosynthesis in these islets was significantly stimulated by 16.5 mM glucose (5-fold), it was less (P less than 0.05) than in the control islet (9-fold). To determine whether the derangements described above in the islets of the rats with NIDD could be modified by changing the environmental conditions of the B cells, corresponding experiments were performed after a 5-day culture of the islets at 5.5 mM glucose or at 11 mM glucose. The insulin release and the (pro)insulin biosynthesis, either measured in basal or stimulated states, were then found to be similar in the islets of diabetic and control islets after the 5.5 mM glucose culture period. By contrast, after the 11 mM glucose culture period the insulin release and the proinsulin biosynthesis in the islets of diabetic rats were found significantly less stimulated by 16.5 mM glucose than in the control islets. This suggests that islets of rats with NIDD, once removed from the chronic in vivo exposure to diabetic metabolic disorders, can behave as isolated islets of normal rats, at least as far as insulin handling is concerned.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) AUPortha B EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1735-41 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent; Glucose; Insulin /ME; Islands of Langerhans MNDNA /ME; Insulin /BI /SE; Rats; Time Factors; Tissue Culture MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN15676-16-1 (Sulpiride); 25614-03-3 (Bromocriptine); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004451 TIEffect of dopamine agonists and antagonists on the binding of [3H]estradiol to its receptors in the anterior pituitary gland of male rats. ABThe synthesis of PRL and DNA in PRL cells is regulated by estrogens and dopamine. To investigate a possible relationship between these two components, we studied the influence of dopamine agonists and antagonists on the binding of [3H]estradiol ([3H]E2) to its receptors in the anterior pituitary gland of estrogenized male rats. The administration of sulpiride (dopamine antagonist) or bromocriptine (dopamine agonist) decreased the binding of [3H]E2 to cytosolic receptors when the concentration of [3H]E2 in the assay mixture was 1 nM. Both drugs also diminished the binding of [3H]E2 when they were added in vitro to the incubation media, apparently in a competitive way. Dopamine and alpha-methyltyrosine also inhibited competitively the binding of [3H]E2 to cytosolic receptors. The inhibition constants were determined by the Lineweaver-Burk plot. To overcome the competitive inhibition of dopamine agonists and antagonists, the concentration of the titrated steroid in the incubation mixture was increased to 16 nM. This concentration was established by saturation analysis. The administration of alpha-methyltyrosine increased the binding of [3H]E2 to nuclear receptors without modifying the binding to cytosolic receptors. This increase paralleled an increment in the levels of plasma PRL. Bromocriptine prevented the increase in [3H]E2 binding produced by alpha-methyltyrosine and had no effect on the binding when administered to nontreated rats. These results suggest that dopamine can regulate the biological effects of estradiol in the anterior pituitary gland by decreasing the binding of this hormone to its receptors. AUSzijan I; Burdman JA; Alonso GE EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1742-8 MJDopamine; Estradiol; Pituitary Gland, Anterior /ME; Receptors, Estrogen MNBromocriptine /PD; Cell Nucleus /ME; Cytosol /ME; Kinetics; Methyltyrosines /PD; Pituitary Gland, Anterior /DE; Prolactin /BL; Rats; Sulpiride /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004452 TIEvidence for induction by thyroid hormone of cytosolic proteins which control mitochondrial protein synthesis. ABThe effect of thyroid hormone on the generation of modulators of mitochondrial protein synthesis was investigated. The modulators were present in the 150,000 X g supernatant (S-150) prepared from Wistar rat liver and kidney. In young rats (50 g BW), a stimulator was found in liver, and an inhibitory modulator was present in kidney tissue. Generation of these modulators was stimulated by T4 administration to the animals. In aged rats (200 g BW), the production of an inhibitory modulator in both liver and kidney was stimulated by thyroid hormone administration. Both the stimulatory and inhibitory modulators were inactivated by pretreatment with trypsin. The mol wt of these modulators was estimated by gel filtration study, and for both the stimulatory and inhibitory modulator proteins was approximately 10,000. The results suggested that thyroid hormone regulates mitochondrial protein synthesis through the stimulation of synthesis of mitochondrial protein synthesis modulators and that the tissue-specific modulators (stimulatory in liver and inhibitory in kidney) can be produced in young animals. In aged animals, however, it is postulated that thyroid hormone stimulates biosynthesis of an inhibitory modulator in both liver and kidney. AUIchikawa K; Hashizume K; Kobayashi M; Yamada T EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1749-58 MJMitochondria; Thyroxine MNAging; Cytosol /PH; Gene Expression Regulation /DE; Kidney /ME; Liver /ME; Proteins /BI /IP; Rats; Thyroidectomy; Translation, Genetic /DE MTAnimal; Male RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 0 (somatocrinin receptor); 0 (vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor); 37221-79-7 (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide); 9034-39-3 (Somatotropin Releasing Hormone) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004453 TIStructural requirements for the activation of rat anterior pituitary adenylate cyclase by growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF): discovery of (N-Ac-Tyr1, D-Arg2)-GRF(1-29)-NH2 as a GRF antagonist on membranes. ABThe efficacy and potency of 14 GH-releasing factor (GRF) analogs, substituted in position 1 to 7, on adenylate cyclase activation in crude homogenates from rat anterior pituitary were related to those of human pancreatic GRF(1-29)-amide and vasoactive intestinal peptide. Among several D-amino acid substitutions, that in position 2 was the only one to yield a super-agonist [with a Kact (concentration required for half-maximal adenylate cyclase activation) 2 times lower than that of GRF(1-29)-NH2]. By contrast, D-isomer substitution in position 1 and 3 was without effect and D-isomer substitution in position 4, 6, or 7 decreased the affinity of the analog. The N-acetylated analog of GRF was as potent and active as the parent peptide, and the identity of the amino acid in position 2 of (N-Ac-Tyr1)-GRF(1-29)-NH2 proved to be determining for enzyme activation, with D-Phe2 and D-Trp2 derivatives acting as partial agonists and the (N-Ac-Tyr1,D-Arg2) analog being an efficient competitive antagonist of GRF(1-29)-NH2. With use of this antagonist, it was possible to demonstrate that GRF and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors represent distinct entities in the rat anterior pituitary. AURobberecht P; Coy DH; Waelbroeck M; Heiman ML; de Neef P; Camus JC; Christophe J EM8601 ID5 R01-AM 17010-7 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1759-64 MJAdenyl Cyclase; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Receptors, Endogenous Substances; Somatotropin Releasing Hormone /PD MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Activation /DE; Peptide Fragments /PD; Rats; Somatotropin Releasing Hormone /AA /AI; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 12687-51-3 (Angiotensin III); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 9041-90-1 (Angiotensin I) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004455 TIA role for the adrenal renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of potassium-stimulated aldosterone production. ABPotassium is a major regulator of aldosterone production. It also increases adrenal renin. The causal relationship between potassium and adrenal renin is not known. To evaluate the role of the intraadrenal renin-angiotensin (ANG) system in potassium-stimulated aldosterone synthesis and release, specific adrenal renin activity, PRA, and plasma aldosterone were measured during potassium loading or captopril treatment in the rat. Adrenal ANGs were determined using a HPLC system combined with RIA to obtain quantitative information on the components of the adrenal renin-ANG system. In addition, the effect of pretreatment with captopril on aldosterone production by isolated adrenal glomerulosa cells was examined. In intact animals potassium loading markedly increased adrenal renin and plasma aldosterone, whereas PRA was suppressed. The administration of captopril to rats in normal potassium balance did not suppress plasma aldosterone. Captopril treatment during potassium loading inhibited the potassium-induced increase in aldosterone. Furthermore, pretreatment with captopril suppressed adrenal ANG II and reduced the response of aldosterone production to extracellular potassium concentration by isolated adrenal glomerulosa cells in vitro. These results suggest that the adrenal renin-ANG system plays a significant role in the control of aldosterone production under potassium stimulation. AUNakamaru M; Misono KS; Naruse M; Workman RJ; Inagami T EM8601 IDHL-14192; HL-24112 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1772-8 MJAdrenal Glands; Aldosterone; Angiotensins; Potassium /PD; Renin /ME MNAngiotensin III /ME; Angiotensin II /ME; Angiotensin I /ME; Captopril /PD; Potassium /BL; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Renin /BL; Sodium /BL; Tissue Culture MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN145-13-1 (Pregnenolone); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 516-72-3 (20-hydroxycholesterol); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004456 TIRestoration effects of exogenous luteinizing hormone on the testicular steroidogenesis and Leydig cell ultrastructure. ABIn the present study, we explored the restoration effects of exogenous LH on Leydig cell ultrastructure and testicular steroidogenesis in rats that were deprived of endogenous LH via treatment with testosterone-17 beta-estradiol-filled Silastic implants for 10 days. Exogenous LH was supplied continuously via Alzet miniosmotic pumps at the rate of 1 microgram/h for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h or 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 days. Testes were then perfused in vitro with medium containing 1) LH, 2) 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol, or 3) pregnenolone substrate, which allowed us to assess LH-stimulated testosterone secretion, cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity, or the conversion of pregnenolone to testosterone, respectively. Other testes were perfusion fixed via the testicular artery for morphometric measurement of Leydig cell number and volume per testis and the surface area of Leydig cell cytoplasmic smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), inner mitochondrial membrane, and outer mitochondrial membrane. The results verified that Leydig cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum and inner and outer mitochondrial membrane surface areas are drastically diminished (P less than 0.05 vs. intact controls) by LH withdrawal. Also, the results verified that exogenous LH administered in situ restores Leydig cell ultrastructure and capacity to biosynthesize testosterone. However, the recovery of Leydig cell structure and steroidogenic reactions occurred at strikingly different rates upon restoration of LH after 10 days of the treatment with testosterone-17 beta-estradiol implants. For example, the restoration of testicular capacity to synthesize progesterone in response to LH stimulation or 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol substrate was completed within 24 h. In contrast, the restoration of Leydig cell SER and testicular capacity to synthesize testosterone from pregnenolone was completed only after 8 days of continuous LH treatment (P greater than 0.05 vs. intact controls). Thus, our results show that LH rapidly restores Leydig cell post-LH receptor steroidogenic events up to and including cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity. Interestingly, there is no temporal association between the recovery of cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity and the surface area of inner mitochondrial membrane surface area. In contrast, 8 days are required to coincidentally restore SER surface area and the capacity of Leydig cells to synthesize testosterone from pregnenolone. We conclude that different cellular mechanisms are involved in the LH-dependent restoration of inner mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity and SER-associated conversion of pregnenolone to testosterone. AUWing TY; Ewing LL; Zegeye B; Zirkin BR EM8601 IDHD-07204; 2-P30 HD-06268 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1779-87 MJLH; Leydig Cells /DE; Steroids; Testis; Testosterone MNEstradiol /PD; Hydroxycholesterols /ME; Intracellular Membranes /UL; Leydig Cells /CY; Pregnenolone /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Testis /ME; Testosterone /PD; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.13.11.11 (Tryptophan Oxygenase); EC 2.6.1.5 (Tyrosine Aminotransferase); 50-02-2 (Dexamethasone) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004457 TIA new glucocorticoid receptor species: relation to induction of tryptophan dioxygenase by glucocorticoids. ABWhen rats were treated with a high dose (greater than or equal to 20 micrograms/100 g BW) of dexamethasone, their liver cytosol showed a predominant peak of specific binding protein of glucocorticoid eluting with 0.13-0.14 M NaCl on diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography. On the other hand, when rats were treated with a low dose (approximately 2 micrograms/100 g BW) of dexamethasone, the cytosol showed only the same peak as that of untreated rats, which is widely thought to be that of the typical glucocorticoid receptor. The appearance of the new binding peak depended both on the dose of hormone and the time (from 30 min to 20 h) after dexamethasone treatment; it disappeared 40 h after treatment. A peak similar to that in the cytosol also appeared in the nuclear fraction after treatment with a high dose of hormone. The glucocorticoid-inducible enzymes, tryptophan dioxygenase [(TO) EC 1.13.11.11] and tyrosine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5) were assayed as physiological markers of receptor function. TO induction correlated well with the appearance of the new binding peak in terms of dose- and time dependence on glucocorticoid, whereas tyrosine aminotransferase induction did not. The new peak of glucocorticoid-binding protein detected in the cytosol and nuclear fractions may thus represent the glucocorticoid receptor species involved in TO induction, physiological changes under stress, and pharmacological changes after therapy with high doses of glucocorticoid hormones. AUHirota T; Hirota K; Sanno Y; Tanaka T EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1788-95 MJDexamethasone; Receptors, Glucocorticoid /PH; Tryptophan Oxygenase; Tyrosine Aminotransferase MNCell Nucleus /ME; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Cytosol /ME; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Induction /DE; Heat; Liver /DE /EN; Rats; Receptors, Glucocorticoid /IP MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004458 TIStimulation of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in spermatogenic cells by their coculture with Sertoli cells. ABGerm cells were isolated from 30-day-old rat testes and purified by a Percoll gradient. Germ cells were cultured for 24 h to eliminate contaminant cells by utilizing the property of many nongerm cells of attaching to plastic surfaces. Germ cells were subsequently seeded on top of 7-day-old Sertoli cell monolayers. RNA and DNA synthetic activities were estimated by the rate of incorporation of [3H]uridine and [3H] thymidine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material. Germ cells increased RNA synthesis from 54,053 +/- 22,824 to 168,019 +/- 57,137 dpm/2 h X 10(6) cells (mean +/- SD) between 4 and 24 h of coculture, respectively (P less than 0.01), while they decreased this activity from 32,150 +/- 6,800 to 6,014 +/- 5,243 dpm when they were cultured alone for the same periods. Coculture of germ cells with either a cell derived from the adult bovine aortic endothelial cells (ABAE), or rat fibroblasts in primary culture prevented the fall in RNA synthesis but did not stimulate it. Addition of high concentrations of lactate to the culture medium did not have any affect in germ cells cultured alone but produced a slight stimulation in germ cells cocultured with ABAE cells, which was much smaller than the effect observed during coculture with Sertoli cells. Germ cells in coculture with Sertoli cells also increased their DNA synthesis from 2,186 +/- 765 at 4 h to 9,679 +/- 4,057 dpm [3H]thymidine/2 h X 10(6) cells at 24 h (P less than 0.05). When Sertoli cells were treated with FSH (1 microgram/ml), the synthesis of both RNA and DNA of germ cells cocultured with these cells was significantly higher than for germ cells cocultured with nontreated Sertoli cells. The system of coculture of Sertoli cells and germ cells consisted of the reassociation of the two previously isolated cells in a coculture, followed by their separation which permitted the effect of the coculture on the individual cell type to be assessed. By using this technique is was possible to obtain evidence suggesting that a chemical messenger other than lactate might be involved in the stimulatory effect of Sertoli cells on germ cells and that FSH increased this putative chemical messenger. AURivarola MA; Sanchez P; Saez JM EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1796-802 MJSertoli Cells; Spermatogonia; Spermatozoa MNCell Division; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; DNA /BI; RNA /BI; Rats; Spermatogenesis; Spermatogonia /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004459 TIMapping of glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactive neurons in the rat tel- and diencephalon using a monoclonal antibody against rat liver glucocorticoid receptor. ABBy means of a monoclonal antibody against the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in combination with the indirect immunoperoxidase technique it has been possible to demonstrate GR-immunoreactive nerve and glial cell nuclei all over the tel- and diencephalon of the male rat. Strongly GR-immunoreactive nerve cell nuclei were only present in the parvocellular part of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, in the anterior periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, in the ventral part of the mediobasal hypothalamus, and in the CA1 and CA2 subregion of the hippocampal formation. Within the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus a substantial overlap exists between the GR-immunoreactive area and the CRF-immunoreactive area. Medium to high densities of moderately GR-immunoreactive nerve cell nuclei were present all over the cortical hemispheres. Medium densities of moderately GR-immunoreactive nerve cells were demonstrated in many thalamic nuclei and in the central amygdaloid nucleus. After adrenalectomy the GR immunoreactivity was predominantly located in the pericaryon. Upon acute corticosterone treatment of adrenalectomized male rats, the GR immunoreactivity was again mainly demonstrated in the nerve cell nuclei indicating that corticosterone can translocate GR from the cytoplasm to the cell nuclei. It is suggested that the hypothalamic GR may be involved in the regulation of especially CRF secretion but also in the secretion of other anterior pituitary hormones such as TRH and somatostatin. AUFuxe K; Wikstrom AC ; Okret S; Agnati LF; Harfstrand A ; Yu ZY; Granholm L; Zoli M; Vale W; Gustafsson JA EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1803-12 MJDiencephalon; Receptors, Glucocorticoid /ME; Telencephalon MNAdrenalectomy; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Brain Mapping; Corpus Striatum /CY /ME; Diencephalon /ME; Hypothalamus /CY /ME; Limbic System /CY /ME; Rats; Receptors, Glucocorticoid /IM; Telencephalon /ME; Thalamus /CY /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN28822-58-4 (1-Methyl-3-Isobutylxanthine); 5817-39-0 (Triiodothyronine, Reverse); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine); 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin); 96-83-3 (Iopanoic Acid) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004460 TIInhibitory effect of iopanoic acid on the thyrotropin-stimulated release of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine from perifused rat thyroids. ABUsing a perifusion system, we studied the effect of iopanoic acid, an iodinated contrast agent used in oral cholecystography, on the release of cAMP, T3, T4, and rT3 from perifused rat thyroid pieces. A 0.1 mg/ml iopanoic acid solution significantly inhibited the TSH-stimulated release of cAMP (without iopanoic acid, 8175 +/- 373; with iopanoic acid, 5169 +/- 355 fmol/mg thyroid X 3 h, mean +/- SE) and T3 (without iopanoic acid, 971 +/- 32; with iopanoic acid, 659 +/- 32 pg/mg thyroid X 3 h) in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. T4 and rT3 releases were not significantly affected. Inhibition of TSH-stimulated T3 release by iopanoic acid was also observed at a concentration of 0.01 mg/ml. Propylthiouracil completely abolished the inhibitory effect of iopanoic acid on TSH-stimulated cAMP release but not on TSH-stimulated T3 release. TSH-stimulated cAMP release was augmented by iodide at a concentration of 1 X 10(-3) M in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine but suppressed by iodide at a concentration of 1 X 10(-5) M. TSH-stimulated T3 release was suppressed slightly at both concentrations of iodide. These results suggest that iopanoic acid may have an inhibitory effect on the TSH-stimulated cAMP and T3 release from perifused rat thyroids. This effect can probably be attributed to the iodide contained in the agent and to the inhibited intrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3. AUTajima K; Mashita K; Shimizu M; Tarui S EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1813-7 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Iopanoic Acid; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotropin; Triiodothyronine MN1-Methyl-3-Isobutylxanthine /PD; Iodides /PD; Rats; Thyroxine /SE; Triiodothyronine, Reverse /SE MTAnimal RN50-06-6 (Phenobarbital); 78708-43-7 (LHRH, Ac-dehydro-Pro(1); 9002-67-9 (LH); 9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004462 TIDifferential regulation of pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in ovariectomized rats disclosed by treatment with a LH-releasing hormone antagonist and phenobarbital. ABAlthough pulsatile LH release in ovariectomized (OVX) rats appears to be controlled by pulsatile discharges of LHRH, the neuroendocrine regulation of episodic FSH release remains to be explored. The main objective of the present study is to compare and contrast the effects of a potent LHRH antagonist (ALHRH) and a central nervous system depressant, phenobarbital (PhB), on pulsatile LH and FSH release in OVX rats. Three to 4 weeks after ovariectomy, blood samples were obtained at 10-min intervals for 3 h, after which LHRH was injected and sampling continued for an additional hour. In control OVX rats, periodic increases in plasma LH and FSH levels occurred approximately every 30 to 60 min, respectively. Treatment of OVX rats with PhB several hours earlier resulted in a suppression of mean plasma levels and pulse frequencies of both LH and FSH. Interestingly, PhB suppressed the pulse amplitude of LH, but not of FSH. Phenobarbital increased pituitary LH responses to LHRH, but did not alter the FSH responses. When ALHRH was given to OVX rats 24 h before blood sampling, mean plasma LH levels as well as LH pulse frequency and amplitude were severely diminished. In striking contrast, ALHRH did not affect the frequency or amplitude of FSH pulses. However, mean plasma FSH levels were suppressed to 31% of levels measured in control OVX rats. These results demonstrate that in contrast to LH secretion, FSH secretion in OVX rats appears to be regulated by two distinct neuroendocrine mechanisms: an LHRH-dependent mechanism controlling the nonepisodic component of FSH secretion (baseline secretion) and a LHRH-independent mechanism controlling pulsatile FSH release. AUDe Paolo LV EM8601 IDHD-17807 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1826-33 MJFSH; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone; LH; Phenobarbital MNLH-FSH Releasing Hormone /PD; Ovariectomy; Ovulation /DE; Pituitary Gland /DE; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN24305-27-9 (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-83-2 (Carbachol); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004463 TIThyrotropin-releasing hormone release from rat pancreas is stimulated by serotonin but inhibited by carbachol. ABImmunoreactive TRH (IR-TRH) has been found in the mammalian pancreas, with several studies documenting high concentrations in the late fetal/early neonatal period. As the factors regulating pancreatic TRH synthesis and release have not been fully explored, we developed a monolayer culture system of dissociated fetal/neonatal rat pancreatic cells to study the release of TRH from the mammalian pancreas. IR-TRH was detected in the culture medium and the IR material appeared authentic based on parallelism with synthetic TRH in RIA and retention time on HPLC. Potassium-induced depolarization (60 mM KCl) resulted in a 170% increase in TRH release compared to that by the Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate control (P less than 0.05). Serotonin stimulated TRH release, with the maximal effect seen with 10(-6) M (130% increase compared to control; P less than 0.05). Carbachol resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of TRH release (57% inhibition of release at 10(-8) M; P less than 0.01 compared to control). There was no effect on release with norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, or histamine. We conclude the following. 1) Authentic TRH is secreted by fetal/neonatal rat pancreatic cells in culture. 2) The secretion of TRH is stimulated by potassium-induced depolarization in a calcium-dependent manner, suggesting a classic neurosecretory process of release. 3) The secretion of pancreatic TRH may be under specific neurotransmitter control, with serotonin stimulating and acetylcholine inhibiting release of the tripeptide. AULamberton P; Wu P; Jackson IM EM8601 ID34540 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1834-8 MJCarbachol; Pancreas /SE; Serotonin; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone MNAnimals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; Membrane Potentials /DE; Pancreas /CY; Potassium /PD; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-27-1 (Estriol); 50-28-2 (Estradiol) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004464 TIInteraction of estradiol and estriol with uterine estrogen receptor in vivo and in excised uteri or cell suspensions at 37 C: noncooperative estradiol binding and absence of estriol inhibition of estradiol-induced receptor activation and transformation. ABThe partial agonist and antagonist properties of estriol (E3) have been related to the brief nuclear retention of receptor-E3 complexes and to the lower affinity of E3 for the receptor compared to estradiol (E2). More recently, it was proposed that the partial agonist/antagonist activity of E3 may be due to its ability to eliminate positive cooperative binding of [3H]E2 to cytosolic estrogen receptor. In this model, positive cooperativity is related to receptor activation and transformation. We first examined the long term effects of E3 on E2 action in vivo. Mature ovariectomized rats were treated for 16 days with E2, E3, or mixtures of these two substances delivered through Alzet pumps at a constant hourly rate (E2, 0.04 microgram; E3, 0.4 and 0.04 microgram; E2 and E3, 0.04 and 0.4 microgram). The effects of E3 on uterine growth, induction of progesterone receptor synthesis, and activation (nuclear binding) of estrogen receptor suggest that when given continuously, E3 acts as a full agonist and does not inhibit E2 action. Furthermore, incubation of uteri at 37 C with [3H]E2 in the presence of a 1- to 20-fold molar excess of nonradioactive E3 did not alter the subcellular distribution of receptor-[3H]E2 complexes (80% nuclear and 20% cytosolic), demonstrating that E3 does not inhibit E2-induced receptor activation (i.e. the increased nuclear binding of receptor). Similarly, 4S to 5S transformation of [3H]E2-labeled estrogen receptor in intact uteri was not inhibited by E3. Equilibrium binding of [3H]E2 to uterine cell suspensions at physiological temperature (37 C) was noncooperative; nonradioactive E3 did not alter the affinity of the estrogen receptor for [3H]E2; Dixon plot analysis indicates that E3 is a purely competitive inhibitor of [3H]E2 binding. This, in conjunction with the lower affinity of the receptor for E3 than for E2, adequately explains the agonistic-antagonistic properties of E3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUMuller RE ; Traish AM; Wotiz HH EM8601 IDCA-28856; HD-15213 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1839-47 MJEstradiol; Estriol; Receptors, Estrogen MNCell Compartmentation /DE; Cell Nucleus /ME; Cytosol /ME; Kinetics; Rats; Receptors, Progesterone /BI; Uterus /DE /GD MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004466 TIAbnormal thyroid hormone binding to serum proteins in ob/ob and db/db genetically obese mice. ABSera from ob/ob and db/db genetically obese mice exhibited abnormal nonspecific (no antibody present) binding measurements in T4 and T3 RIAs employing dextran-charcoal separations. They also showed decreased charcoal uptake compared to sera of lean controls in a conventional charcoal T4 uptake binding test. After correction for the abnormal nonspecific binding and after extraction of serum, mean serum T4 concentrations were similar in control and ob/ob mice. Mean serum T3 concentrations differed significantly (85 ng/dl in controls and 178 ng/dl in ob/ob) when a correction for altered binding in the T3 assay was made, but not when extracted serum was assayed (109 ng/dl in lean and 124 ng/dl in ob/ob). Dialyzable fractions of T4 and T3 were significantly reduced in both ob/ob and db/db mice. Free T4 concentrations were 0.82 +/- 0.05 (+/- SE) ng/dl in control and 0.61 +/- 0.05 ng/dl in ob/ob sera (P less than 0.01). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed increased binding of tracer T4 and T3 in ob/ob and db/db sera to a postalbumin with mobility similar to that of human T4-binding globulin. In ob/ob sera, this appeared to result from an increased binding capacity of the postalbumin. After in vivo iv injection of tracer T4 and T3 to ob/ob and lean control mice, analysis of tissue and plasma radioactivity showed that, except for T4 in cerebral cortex, tissue to plasma T4 and T3 ratios were lower in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and liver of ob/ob mice. In summary, these data show increased binding of T4 and T3 to a postalbumin in two strains of genetically obese mice and, in the ob/ob strain, complex relationships between tissue and serum concentrations of thyroid hormones. AUKaplan MM; Young JB; Shaw EA EM8601 IDR01-AM-25340; R01-AM-35141; R01-AM-20378; + SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1858-63 MJBlood Proteins; Mice, Obese; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine MNDiabetes Mellitus, Experimental /BL; Mice, Mutant Strains /BL; Mice; Protein Binding MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 9007-49-2 (DNA); 9012-63-9 (Cholera Toxin) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004467 TICholera toxin treatment increases in vivo growth and development of the mouse mammary gland. ABDaily sc injections of cholera toxin (CT; 0.1 micrograms/day), a stimulator of adenylate cyclase activity, into intact female BALB/c mice for 20 days significantly (P less than 0.05) increased mammary gland development scores from 2.0 +/- 0.1 in controls to 3.6 +/- 0.2 in CT-treated mice. Concurrent administration of 17 beta-estradiol (E; 1.0 microgram/day) and progesterone (P; 1.0 mg/day) resulted in development scores of 4.1 +/- 0.1 and 5.2 +/- 0.1 in E/P and E/P + CT treatment groups, respectively (P less than 0.05). If mice were ovariectomized before CT injection, the response to CT alone was abolished (development scores of 2.0 +/- 0.1 and 1.9 +/- 0.1 in controls and CT-treated mice, respectively). However, E/P restored the response to CT (scores of 3.2 +/- 0.2 for E/P and 4.0 +/- 0.1 for E/P + CT; P less than 0.05) in ovariectomized mice. CT significantly (P less than 0.05) increased mammary dry fat-free tissue weight from 2.89 +/- 0.41 mg (controls) to 3.78 +/- 0.37 mg (CT-treated) and from 4.03 +/- 0.59 mg (E/P-treated) to 5.42 +/- 0.91 mg (E/P + CT). Similarly, CT treatment increased mammary DNA from 138.7 +/- 11.7 micrograms (controls) to 162.8 +/- 14.4 micrograms (CT) and from 178.5 +/- 12.6 to 233.9 +/- 28.0 micrograms in the presence of E/P (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, CT was found to be mammogenic in hypophysectomized mice treated with E (1.0 microgram/day), P (1.0 mg/day), deoxycorticosterone acetate (0.5 mg/day), T4 (0.2 microgram/ml drinking water), and glucose (50 mg/ml drinking water), i.e. mammary gland development scores were 1.5 +/- 0.1 in mice treated with the above regimen and 3.1 +/- 0.1 in mice treated with the above regimen plus CT for 14 days (P less than 0.05). These results provide clear evidence, heretofore unreported, that systemic CT treatment increases mammary gland development and growth in female mice. The mammogenic effects of CT are observed in intact female mice with or without exogenous E/P, in ovariectomized mice treated with E/P, and in hypophysectomized mice treated with E/P, deoxycortisone acetate, and T4. AUSheffield LG; Sinha YN; Welsch CW EM8601 IDHD-17331 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1864-9 MJCholera Toxin; Mammae MNAdipose Tissue /ME; Body Weight /DE; DNA /ME; Estradiol /PD; Hypophysectomy; Mammae /ME; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Ovariectomy; Progesterone /PD; Prolactin /BL MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN75037-27-3 (somatostatin-28) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004468 TISomatostatin metabolism by the isolated rat lung. ABWe have previously reported that somatostatin-14 (S-14) and somatostatin-28 (S-28) are degraded by the rat liver. Since pulmonary enzymes known to degrade peptides such as angiotensin resemble hepatic somatostatin-degrading peptidases, the present studies were undertaken to investigate and characterize somatostatin metabolism by the lung. Isolated rat lungs were perfused in situ with synthetic S-14 or S-28. Degradation of the cyclic (ring) portion common to S-14 and S-28 was monitored by RIA as disappearance of S-14-like immunoreactivity, (S-14 LI) (ring-directed immunoreactivity). N-Terminal cleavage of S-28 was separately assessed by an RIA directed against S-28[1-14] (S-28[1-14]LI). In addition, S-28 perfusates were analyzed by gel chromatography and RIA (S-14 LI). Both S-14 and S-28 were significantly metabolized by the lung. The ring portion of S-28 was found to be degraded significantly more slowly (t 1/2 = 56.1 +/- 5.2 min) than the ring of S-14 (t 1/2 = 23.8 +/- 2.1 min) and the N-terminus of S-28 (t 1/2 = 32.2 +/- 3.0 min). S-14 was demonstrated to be a minor pulmonary metabolite of S-28. The lung was shown to release S-14 and S-28 ring-degrading enzymes into the perfusate. These data suggest that the lung is capable of metabolizing S-14 and S-28 by enzymatic mechanisms which are similar to those reported for the liver. AURuggere MD; Patel YC EM8601 IDAM-21373 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1870-3 MJLung; Somatostatin MNAmino Acid Sequence; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN300-54-9 (Muscarine); 54-11-5 (Nicotine); 54-77-3 (DMPP); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 674-38-4 (bethanechol); 90-69-7 (Lobeline) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004469 TINicotinic cholinergic agonists inhibit androgen biosynthesis by cultured rat testicular cells. ABThe actions of cholinomimetics on androgen biosynthesis were investigated using a primary culture of testicular cells derived from adult hypophysectomized rats. Testicular cells were maintained in serum-free medium and treated with hCG and/or drugs on day 8 of culture. Media were collected 2 days later for measurement of steroids and cAMP. Treatment with hCG increased testosterone production 50-fold over control values, whereas treatment with cholinomimetics alone failed to increase androgen production. Concomitant treatment of testicular cells with nicotinic cholinergic agonists (lobeline, nicotine, and dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide) inhibited hCG-stimulated androgen biosynthesis in a dose-dependent fashion, with IC50 values of 3 X 10(-5), 1.7 X 10(-4), and greater than 10(-3) M, respectively. In contrast, two muscarinic cholinergic agonists, muscarine and bethanechol, failed to inhibit androgen production at concentrations up to 10(-3) M. A ganglionic nicotinic antagonist (hexamethonium), but not a skeletal muscle nicotinic antagonist (decamethonium), partially blocked the actions of lobeline. Lobeline (10-4) M) decreased hCG-stimulated testosterone production (50-75%) throughout the 2-day culture period; however, this inhibition was reversible upon removal of the drug. Lobeline also inhibited hCG-stimulated cAMP accumulation as well as testosterone production induced by cholera toxin (65% inhibition), forskolin (50% inhibition), or (Bu)2cAMP (70% inhibition). Lobeline inhibition of hCG-stimulated testosterone production was accompanied by decreases in medium accumulation of 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone (75%), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (85%), dehydroepiandrosterone (50%), and androstenedione (61%); however, the medium content of pregnenolone and progesterone were unchanged. Additional experiments demonstrated that lobeline suppressed the conversion of exogenous progesterone to testosterone, but did not affect the conversion of exogenous 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to testosterone. These results indicate that nicotinic, but not muscarinic, cholinergic agonists inhibit androgen biosynthesis through selective inhibition of 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity. Thus, endogenous acetylcholine may be involved in the negative regulation of testicular steroidogenesis. AUKasson BG; Hsueh AJ EM8601 IDHD-14084; HD-00375 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1874-80 MJAndrogens; Parasympathomimetics; Receptors, Nicotinic; Testis MNAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /BI; Bethanechol Compounds /PD; Cells, Cultured; DMPP /PD; Gonadotropins, Chorionic /PD; Leydig Cells /DE /ME; Lobeline /PD; Muscarine /PD; Nicotine /PD; Rats; Testosterone /BI MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-85-2 (Testosterone); 9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004470 TIImprinting of growth hormone secretion, body growth, and hepatic steroid metabolism by neonatal testosterone. ABThe influence of endogenous sex steroids and exogenous testosterone treatment on pulsatile GH secretion, body weight, longitudinal bone growth, and hepatic steroid metabolism was studied in male and female adult rats. Blood samples were obtained from the tip of the tail, and maximum and minimum GH levels were determined in individual rats to evaluate pulse heights and baseline levels. Longitudinal bone growth was measured using the intravital marker tetracycline, and hepatic steroid metabolism was evaluated by determining the enzyme activities of 16 alpha-hydroxylase and 5 alpha-reductase. Neonatal, but not prepubertal, gonadectomy of male rats suppressed maximum and mean plasma GH levels during adult life. The body weight and the rate of longitudinal bone growth were also decreased. Testosterone treatment neonatally reversed all of these effects. Neonatal gonadectomy of male rats also caused an elevation of minimum plasma GH levels, an effect, however, which was not reversed by testosterone replacement during neonatal life. Neonatally gonadectomized females treated with testosterone neonatally or during adult life increased their maximum and decreased their minimum GH levels. Their longitudinal bone growth was increased. The body weight of these rats was increased by neonatal, but not adult, testosterone treatment. There was no effect of neonatal ovariectomy on plasma GH levels in 3- to 4-month-old female rats. However, neonatal ovariectomy did increase the maximum and mean plasma GH levels immediately postpubertally, suggesting that the effect of the ovaries on GH secretion differs among mature female rats of different ages. Prepubertal gonadectomy of male rats feminized their hepatic steroid metabolism by decreasing 16 alpha-hydroxylase and increasing 5 alpha-reductase activities. Neonatal gonadectomy caused an even more pronounced feminization, which was partly reversed in rats given testosterone replacement therapy neonatally. In neonatally gonadectomized female rats, treatment with testosterone during adult life increased 16 alpha-hydroxylase and decreased 5 alpha-reductase to levels seen in intact male rats. The present results indicate that neonatally secreted testicular androgens imprint the high amplitude pulses characteristic of GH secretion in adult male rats. Neonatal androgens also stimulate somatic growth and partially account for the masculinized hepatic steroid metabolism in the adult animal. It is proposed that imprinting of the GH secretory pattern contributes to the influence of neonatal testicular androgens on body growth and hepatic steroid-metabolizing enzymes. AUJansson JO; Ekberg S; Isaksson O; Mode A; Gustafsson JA EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1881-9 MJGrowth; Liver; Sex Differentiation; Somatotropin; Steroids; Testosterone /PH MNAnimals, Newborn /PH; Growth /DE; Orchiectomy; Ovariectomy; Rats; Testosterone /BL MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004471 TIEffects of maternal hypothyroidism on the weight and thyroid hormone content of rat embryonic tissues, before and after onset of fetal thyroid function. ABEmbryonic tissues were obtained from normal (C) and thyroidectomized (T) rats between 9 and 21 days of pregnancy. We determined the number and weight, as well as the T4 and T3 contents (RIA), of 9- to 12-day-old embryotrophoblasts, of 13- to 21-day-old embryos and placentas, and of liver, lung, and brain from 20- and 21-day-old fetuses. T4 and T3 were found in all samples obtained from C dams, both before and after onset of fetal thyroid function. Despite low levels of both iodothyronines in fetal plasma near term, their concentrations in fetal brain and lung had reached half the maternal values. The T3/T4 ratio in fetal organs was the same, or higher, than in adult rats. Maternal thyroidectomy resulted in a marked decrease of the number and individual weights of viable conceptuses, throughout gestation. Fetal organ weights near term were also decreased, and changes were found in brain DNA and protein concentrations. T4 and T3 were undetectable in all embryotrophoblasts, embryos and placentas obtained from T dams before onset of fetal thyroid secretion. They were still markedly reduced in 21-day-old placentas. Total extrathyroidal contents of T3 and T4 in 20- and 21-day-old fetuses from T dams were also low as compared to those from normal mothers, but individual organs were not affected to the same degree. Thus concentrations were decreased in the carcass (whole embryo minus the trachea + thyroid + liver + lung + brain), but normal in the brain. These results show that maternal hypothyroidism is accompanied by thyroid hormone deficiency of the conceptus before the fetal thyroid functions. After this, alterations of T4 and T3 concentrations persist until term. Development is also delayed. Thus, adverse effects of maternal hypothyroidism may be due, at least in part, to the thyroid hormone deficiency of the embryonic tissues, and not only to the hypothyroid condition of the mother. AUMorreale de Escobar G; Pastor R; Obregon MJ; Escobar del Rey F EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1890-900 MJHypothyroidism; Pregnancy Complications; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones MNBody Weight; Gestational Age; Hypothyroidism /ME; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Organ Weight; Placenta /ME; Pregnancy; Rats; Thyroidectomy; Tissue Distribution; Trophoblast /ME MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 9007-12-9 (Calcitonin) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004472 TIAdditive effects of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate release in newly established perfusion system of rat femur. ABA new perfusion system of isolated rat femora was established, and the effect of PTH or calcitonin (CT) on cAMP release from the adult bone was examined. Stimulation of cAMP release from the isolated perfused bone peaked rapidly between 5 and 10 min after human PTH (hPTH)-(1-34) or eel CT injection, respectively, and declined gradually toward the preinjection level. However CT exhibited a longer lived effect than PTH. Release of cAMP was still significantly greater than control at 60 min after a bolus injection of CT. The rate of cAMP release was directly related to the dose of PTH or CT. H2O2-oxidized PTH (biologically inactive) caused no increase in cAMP release. hPTH-(1-34) was markedly more potent than hPTH-(1-84) in stimulating cAMP release from the perfused bone on an equimolar basis. Simultaneous administration of 5 micrograms PTH and 5 micrograms CT at maximal stimulatory doses produced additive effects, indicating the presence of separate receptor sites for PTH and CT in the bone. In conclusion, this system provides us a means by which hormone actions on adult bone with integrity of the organ can be evaluated and therefore makes possible systemic investigation of the osteoblast-osteoclast function. AUSugimoto T; Fukase M; Tsutsumi M; Imai Y; Hishikawa R; Yoshimoto Y; Fujita T EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1901-5 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Bone and Bones; Calcitonin; Parathyroid Hormones MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Femur; Peptide Fragments /PD; Perfusion; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN314-13-6 (Evans Blue); 57-85-2 (Testosterone) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004473 TITesticular blood flow, vascular permeability, and testosterone production after stimulation of unilaterally cryptorchid adult rats with human chorionic gonadotropin. ABTesticular blood flow, testosterone production, and the formation of testicular interstitial fluid (IF) were studied in unilaterally cryptorchid rats, basally, 8 h and 24 h after treatment with 200 IU human CG (hCG). Testicular blood flow was lower in the abdominal testis in both control rats and hCG-treated rats than in the scrotal testis within the same treatment group. The scrotal testicular blood flow increased significantly 24 h after hCG treatment, but not after 8 h. In the abdominal testis, there was a significant increase of blood flow 8 h after hCG, but not 24 h after. The formation of IF was subnormal in the abdominal testes of control rats, but this was corrected in hCG-treated rats, where there was a significant increase of IF in both abdominal and scrotal testes. The total endothelial surface of small blood vessels was decreased in abdominal testes. Testosterone concentration in the spermatic vein was significantly lower on the abdominal side than on the scrotal side in both control and hCG-treated rats. The concentration of testosterone was lower in IF on the abdominal side in control rats, but after hCG the testosterone concentration was similar in both scrotal and abdominal testes, indicating a trapping of testosterone in the abdominal testis. The outflow of testosterone in the spermatic vein was significantly increased at both 8 and 24 h after hCG from both the scrotal and abdominal testes, although it was always smaller from the abdominal testis. The lower secretion of testosterone from the abdominal testis after hCG was mainly due to reduced blood flow and not to any disability of the Leydig cells of abdominal testes to produce testosterone. AUDamber JE; Bergh A; Daehlin L EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1906-13 MJCryptorchism /PP; Gonadotropins, Chorionic; Testis; Testosterone MNCapillary Permeability /DE; Cryptorchism /ME; Evans Blue /DU; Extracellular Space /ME; Rats; Regional Blood Flow /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004475 TIAngiotensin II restoration of reflex adrenal medullary secretion to anephric dogs is physiologically dose dependent. ABAcute nephrectomy seriously impairs hypovolemic adrenal epinephrine (E) release in the anesthetized dog. That systemically delivered angiotensin II totally restores E release to acutely anephric dogs is equally clear, but the dose-response relationship of this angiotensin II effect is not known. Adrenal secretion rates and arterial plasma E, norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine levels were studied in nine groups of mongrel dogs (n = 5 in each group) under pentobarbital anesthesia: 1) resting animals; 2) hemorrhage (25 ml/kg); 3) hemorrhage after acute nephrectomy; 4-7) hemorrhage, acute nephrectomy, plus iv angiotensin II at a) 0.01 ng/kg X min, b) 0.10 ng/kg X min, c) 1.00 ng/kg X min, or d) 10.00 ng/kg X min; 8) no hemorrhage, acute nephrectomy, angiotensin II (10.00 ng/kg X min); and 9) hemorrhage, kidneys intact, iv angiotensin II (10.00 ng/kg X min). Arterial and adrenal blood were sampled during a baseline prehemorrhage period and 15, 30, 60, and 90 min after hemorrhage. We confirm blunting of reflex E release by acute nephrectomy in the anesthetized dog and show that angiotensin II restores E (P less than 0.01), NE (P less than 0.01), and dopamine (P less than 0.01) release in acutely anephric dogs. Aortic plasma E and NE were also restored to normal by angiotensin II (P less than 0.01 for each). Dogs with intact kidneys show a blunted hemorrhage response of arterial plasma E (P less than 0.01), NE (P less than 0.01), and DM (P less than 0.05) to our largest angiotensin II infusion rate (10 ng/kg X min). The study demonstrates that in acutely anephric conditions, angiotensin II support of reflex catecholamine release is sensitively dose dependent to physiological infusion rates of systemic angiotensin II and suggests further that this angiotensin II effect is restrained by the kidneys. AUBadder EM; Duarte B; Seaton JF; Hamaji M; Harrison TS EM8601 ID18995 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1920-9 MJAdrenal Medulla; Angiotensin II; Catecholamines; Shock MNAdrenal Glands /BS; Dogs; Dopamine /BL; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epinephrine /BL; Kidney /PH; Nephrectomy; Norepinephrine /BL; Reflex /PH; Secretory Rate /DE MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 0 (parathyroid hormone receptor); 34273-04-6 (Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004476 TIBinding of intact parathyroid hormone to chicken renal plasma membranes: evidence for a second binding site with carboxyl-terminal specificity. ABWe studied the binding of bovine PTH (bPTH) to chicken renal plasma membranes using an intact hormone radioligand, [125I]bPTH-(1-84). In contrast to previous studies using amino-terminal radioligands, our experiments revealed the presence of two distinct binding sites for intact bPTH. Scatchard analysis of competition curves consistently gave a biphasic curve, and computerized nonlinear regression analysis indicated a high affinity [dissociation constant (Kd) = 1.21 nM] and a low affinity (Kd = 333 nM) site (P less than 0.001). Analysis of binding of [125I] bPTH-(1-34) using identical techniques revealed only one site, similar to the high affinity sites seen with intact hormone tracer. The low affinity site for [125I]bPTH-(1-84) had carboxyl-terminal specificity since analysis of competition curves with unlabeled human PTH-(53-84) gave virtually identical binding parameters to the low affinity site obtained by competition with unlabeled native hormone. Binding to the low affinity site was inhibited in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ and was reduced after storage of membranes for over 1 month at -70 C. Association of [125I]bPTH-(1-84) to the low affinity site took distinctly longer (approximately 4 h) than to the high affinity site (essentially complete by 2.25 h). Our data suggest that the high affinity site is coupled to adenylate cyclase in these membranes, while the low affinity site is not. The physiological significance of the low affinity carboxyl-terminal PTH binding is not known, and further studies are indicated. AUMcKee MD; Murray TM EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1930-9 MJKidney; Parathyroid Hormones; Receptors, Endogenous Substances MNAdenyl Cyclase /ME; Amino Acid Sequence; Binding Sites; Cell Membrane /ME; Chickens; Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate /PD; Kinetics; Preservation, Biological; Structure-Activity Relationship; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 364-62-5 (Metoclopramide); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004478 TIExamination of the effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine on aldosterone production in bovine glomerulosa cells in vitro. ABThis study was undertaken to explore the possibility that the neurogenic amines epinephrine and norepinephrine may influence aldosterone production in vitro and to examine again the previously reported inhibitory effect of dopamine on aldosterone production. This was accomplished using bovine glomerulosa cell suspensions and a highly specific RIA for aldosterone. Epinephrine and norepinephrine (10(-6) - 10(-10) M) had no significant effect on aldosterone production. Both basal and angiotensin II-stimulated aldosterone production were significantly inhibited by dopamine, 10(-4) M, P less than 0.05. Basal aldosterone production was unaffected by lower concentrations of dopamine whereas angiotensin II-stimulated aldosterone production was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner that was significant to 10(-6) M dopamine (P less than 0.05). Pretreatment of glomerulosa cells with the dopamine antagonist metoclopramide impaired the inhibitory effect of dopamine on aldosterone production. This study supports the hypothesis that dopamine may be a significant inhibitor of aldosterone production in vivo. The other neurogenic amines studied, epinephrine and norepinephrine, had no significant effect on aldosterone production in vitro. AUSequeira SJ; McKenna TJ EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1947-52 MJAdrenal Glands /ME; Aldosterone; Dopamine; Epinephrine; Norepinephrine MNAdrenal Glands /CY /DE; Angiotensin II /PD; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Metoclopramide /PD; Receptors, Dopamine /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.1. (3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases); EC 1.1.1.50 (5 alpha-3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase); EC 1.14.- (Steroid Hydroxylases); EC 1.14.99.- (estrogen 2-hydroxylase); 0 (3,5s-androgen receptor protein); 51481-61-9 (Cimetidine) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004479 TIEffects of H2-antagonists on androgen imprinting of male hepatic functions. ABMany of the sex-differentiated functions of the liver of adult male rats depend upon the occurrence of neonatal androgen imprinting, a brief surge of androgen early in life. We investigated whether androgen imprinting is necessary for the development and maintenance of levels of a microsomal enzyme, estrogen-2-hydroxylase (E-20Hase), and a male-specific cytosolic estrogen binder (MEB) which are higher in adult male than in adult female rats. Cimetidine, a weakly antiandrogenic H2 blocker, was administered to pregnant and lactating rats from day 12 of gestation through weaning on day 21. Livers of male progeny, 120-150 days of age, were assayed for E-2OHase and MEB activity; a maternal dose equivalent to 2.5 times the usual human dose inhibited MEB activity in the levels of the offspring by 40% but had no effect on E-2OHase. However, a higher dose (5 times the human dose) was effective in reducing the E-2OHase activity by 50%. Rats whose mothers had received either no drug or an equivalent dose of ranitidine, another H2 blocker without antiandrogenic activity, were used as controls. The groups were not different in hepatic cytosolic androgen receptor content, body weight, or serum testosterone. In other studies, the requirement of neonatal androgen imprinting for full expression of adult levels of MEB and E-2OHase was determined. Female rats, which have low levels of E-2OHase and undetectable levels of MEB, were given androgen on day 1, on day 60 after ovariectomy, or at both times. Levels of E-2OHase equivalent to those in adult males were induced in females receiving both androgen treatments, whereas either treatment alone induced E-2OHase to the level of that in males castrated at adulthood or neonatally, which is about 50% that in normal male controls. In addition, MEB levels were induced in females to 85% of that in normal males by both androgen treatments and to 50% by administration of androgen to adult females or to adult males castrated neonatally. Administration of androgen to females during the neonatal period only did not induce MEB. We conclude that both MEB and E-2OHase require androgen imprinting for full expression in adult male rats. AUTurocy JF; Chiang AN; Seeley DH; Eagon PK EM8601 IDAM-31577; AM-30001 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1953-61 MJAndrogens; Carrier Proteins; Cimetidine; Liver; Sex Differentiation; Steroid Hydroxylases MN3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases /ME; Estrogens /ME; Rats; Receptors, Androgen /ME; Sex Differentiation /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN52232-67-4 (parathyroid hormone peptide (1-34); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004480 TIBiological activities of synthetic human parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1-84 relative to natural bovine 1-84 PTH in two different in vivo bioassay systems. ABSynthetic 1-84 human PTH (hPTH) peptides (with either asparagine) or aspartic acid at position 76) were compared with natural bovine PTH (bPTH) in three in vivo bioassays. Surprisingly, in the chick hypercalcemia bioassay, the human 1-84 peptides were approximately 3 times more potent on a molar basis than bPTH. In contrast, in an in vivo mouse kidney cAMP accumulation bioassay, these human peptides were 3-6 times less potent than bPTH. This low potency of synthetic hPTH relative to bPTH in the renal cAMP assay is in accordance with published relative potency estimates for natural extracted hPTH in in vitro rat renal membrane adenylate cyclase assays. The human and bovine 1-84 peptides were weakly active in an in vivo mouse calvaria cAMP accumulation system, producing a shallow dose-response curve which was not suitable for any quantitative estimates of potency. In contrast, both human and bovine 1-34 fragments were highly active in stimulating accumulation of cAMP in calvaria thus emphasizing the qualitative differences between 1-84 PTH and the 1-34 fragment of both species of PTH. Despite the homology between human and bovine 1-84 PTH, they have markedly different quantitative biological effects on hypercalcemia in chicks and in vivo renal cAMP accumulation in mice. Any estimate of the biological potency of human 1-84 PTH, relative to bovine 1-84 PTH, will need to be defined in terms of the nature and species of the biological test system. AUZanelli JM; Lane E; Kimura T; Sakakibara S EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1962-7 MJParathyroid Hormones MNAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /ME; Biological Assay; Bone and Bones /ME; Cattle; Chickens; Hormones, Synthetic /PD; Kidney /ME; Mice; Peptide Fragments /PD MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-85-2 (Testosterone); 6740-88-1 (Ketamine); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004482 TITesticular function in experimental uremia. ABA model for the study of testicular function in experimental uremia induced by subtotal nephrectomy in mature male rats is described. Glomerular filtration rate was reduced by 87%, resulting in stable uremia for up to 13 weeks with characteristic biochemical changes and reduction in weight of testes, prostate, seminal vesicles, and epididymis but not of heart, liver, spleen, or epididymal fat-pads in comparison with pair-fed and sham-operated, ad libitum-fed littermate controls. Basal serum LH, FSH, and testosterone were reduced and PRL levels increased in chronic uremic rats compared with pair-fed and sham-operated controls. Intratesticular and peripheral venous testosterone levels were reduced by 73-85%, whereas spermatic vein testosterone levels were reduced by 47% suggesting a reduction in blood flow to the uremic rat testis. Sensitivity of uremic Leydig cells to human CG stimulation was normal to increased both in vivo and in vitro without changes in LH receptor affinity or numbers. Fertility was markedly impaired in uremic rats but was restored to normal by either human CG or testosterone treatment. Spermatogenesis was minimally depressed after up to 3 months of uremia. These studies suggest that this experimental paradigm is a suitable model for studying the pathogenesis of early changes in uremic hypogonadism. The predominant early changes of uremic hypogonadism are due to central defects in regulation of pituitary LH secretion with consequent testicular and peripheral hypoandrogenism but initial preservation of spermatogenesis. AUHandelsman DJ; Spaliviero JA; Turtle JR EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1974-83 MJTestis; Uremia MNBody Weight; FSH /BL; Fertility; Gonadotropins, Chorionic /ME; Ketamine /PD; LH /BL; Organ Weight; Prolactin /BL; Rats; Sperm Count; Spermatogenesis; Testosterone /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN13311-84-7 (Flutamide); 465-65-6 (Naloxone); 52806-53-8 (Sch 16423); 9002-67-9 (LH); 9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004483 TIHypothalamic-pituitary function in experimental uremic hypogonadism. ABIn companion studies we have shown that chronic uremic male rats are infertile and hypoandrogenic and have lowered basal LH levels. Fertility was restored by either human CG (hCG) or testosterone treatment. Testicular steroidogenic responses to hCG in vivo and in vitro were normal or excessive, indicating that hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction was the predominant early lesion in uremic hypogonadism. Further studies were undertaken to characterize the nature of the central defects in regulation of pituitary LH secretion. Uremic rats have reduced MCRs for rat LH (rLH) (61%), rat FSH (rFSH) (47%), and LHRH (41%). Pituitary gonadotropin and hypothalamic LHRH content were unchanged in uremic rats. Pituitary rLH and rFSH responses to LHRH stimulation in vivo and in vitro were quantitatively normal or excessive, with delayed peaks suggesting that uremic pituitary gonadotrope secretion is deficient due to lack of appropriate hypothalamic LHRH drive rather than intrinsic pituitary defects. Despite reduced pituitary gonadotropin secretion in intact uremic rats, castration induced paradoxical excessive increases in pituitary LHRH binding, serum rLH, and rFSH beyond those of nonuremic controls. Paradoxical postcastration hyperresponses of serum rLH and rFSH were not due to circulating immunoreactive fragments of gonadotropins or undernutrition. Dysfunction of the uremic hypothalamus was further characterized in vivo by lack of rLH responsiveness to naloxone and hypersensitivity to negative testicular feedback in castrate-steroid-replaced and intact rats. These data demonstrate that uremic hypogonadism is principally due to aberrant hypothalamic regulation of pituitary LH secretion resembling those of the immature rat or seasonally regressed animal. This recrudescence of the inactive regulatory state in a disease model suggests that common mechanisms are operative in orderly gonadal withdrawal under hostile or inappropriate environments and may underly the reversibility of human uremic hypogonadism with successful renal transplantation. AUHandelsman DJ; Spaliviero JA; Turtle JR EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1984-95 MJHypogonadism; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Uremia MNFSH /ME; Flutamide /AA /PD; Hypothalamus /ME; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone /ME; LH /ME; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Naloxone /PD; Orchiectomy; Pituitary Gland /ME; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 9004-10-8 (Insulin); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004484 TIEffects of substance P and substance P-(6-11) on hormone release from isolated perfused pancreas: their opposite actions on rat and canine islets. ABThe effects of substance P (SP) and SP-(6-11) (SP6-11) on hormone secretion from the isolated perfused pancreas were compared in rats and dogs under the same conditions. In the rat, SP inhibited insulin secretion in a dose-dependent manner in a concentration range of 0.1-10 nM. Glucagon secretion was inhibited at a minimal dose of 10 nM SP. No significant effect on somatostatin secretion was obtained. SP6-11 exhibited the identical inhibitory potency as SP on both insulin and glucagon release from the rat pancreas. In the canine pancreas, by contrast, 1 and 10 nM SP and SP6-11, respectively, potentiated the release of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Potentiation by SP6-11 was less than that by SP. These results demonstrate species differences in the effects of SP and SP6-11 on the release of pancreatic hormones. AUChiba Y; Kawai K; Okuda Y; Munekata E; Yamashita K EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p1996-2000 MJDogs; Islands of Langerhans; Rats; Substance P MNGlucagon /SE; Insulin /SE; Peptide Fragments /PD; Secretory Rate /DE; Somatostatin /SE; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 551-11-1 (prostaglandin F2); 7771-44-0 (arachidonic acid); 9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004485 TILuteinizing hormone-releasing hormone stimulates arachidonic acid release in rat granulosa cells. ABThe effect of LHRH on arachidonic acid release was studied in rat granulosa cells in primary culture. In cells prelabeled with [3H]arachidonic acid, LHRH caused an increase in the level of [3H]arachidonic acid released in the culture medium, to 125-150% of control levels at the end of a 60-min incubation period. In subsequent time-course and dose-response experiments, a significant effect on [3H]arachidonic acid release could be observed as early as 15 min after LHRH addition, and the lowest effective dose was 10(-8) M LHRH. Addition of LH, FSH, prostaglandin F2 alpha, or (Bu)2cAMP was without effect. Likewise, an agonistic LHRH analog (LHRHa, 10(-8) M) also markedly stimulated [3H]arachidonic acid from cultured granulosa cells, and the effects of both LHRH and LHRHa were blocked by concomitant presence of a potent LHRH antagonist. In addition to [3H]arachidonic acid release in the culture medium, the effect of LHRH on the level of radiolabel present in cellular phospholipids was also examined. In granulosa cells prelabeled with [3H] arachidonic acid, LHRH significantly depleted the level of radioactivity previously incorporated into cellular phosphatidylinositol, as early as 5 min after its addition, to 85% of control levels. The level of radiolabel found in other major phospholipids such as phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, as well as the intracellular level of unesterified [3H]arachidonic acid, were not significantly affected by LHRH. The effect of LHRH on [3H]arachidonic acid release from prelabeled phospholipids as well as the LHRH-induced loss of radioactivity previously incorporated into phosphatidylinositol could be reversed by verapamil, suggesting a possible calcium dependency. Taken together, these data support the notion that arachidonic acid liberation from phospholipids may be associated with the mechanism of action of LHRH on ovarian cells. AUMinegishi T; Leung PC EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2001-7 MJArachidonic Acids; Granulosa Cells; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone MNGranulosa Cells /ME; Phosphatidylinositols /ME; Phospholipids /ME; Prostaglandins E /ME; Prostaglandins F /ME; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004487 TIEstrogen-stimulated deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis: a ratchet model for the prereplicative period. ABMultiple injections of a short acting estrogen, 1,3,5(10)-estratriene-3,16 alpha-diol (16 alpha-E2), have been used to analyze the lag or prereplicative period of approximately 12 h, which precedes the onset of estrogen-stimulated DNA synthesis. A single injection of 1.0 microgram 16 alpha-E2, which itself does not stimulate DNA synthesis, shortened by 3-4 h the lag period between subsequently administered estrogen and the initiation of DNA synthesis. This lag-shortening effect of 16 alpha-E2 was stable for 24 h, but had decayed by 36 h. One or two additional injections of 16 alpha-E2 given sequentially at 3-h intervals each further shortened the lag period but to a lesser extent than the first injection. The results indicate that estrogen induces the accumulation of relatively stable cell changes which are required for the onset of DNA synthesis. The prolonged estrogen requirement during the lag period is not truly discontinuous as previously suggested but rather can be satisfied by discontinuous pulses of estrogen in a ratchet-like fashion because of the stability of their effects. AUStack G; Gorski J EM8601 IDHD-08192; 1 T32 07007; 07215 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2017-23 MJDNA Replication; DNA; Estradiol; Estrogens MNCell Nucleus /ME; Drug Administration Schedule; Rats; Uterus /DE /ME MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN107-92-6 (butyric acid) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004489 TICoordinate regulation of the messenger ribonucleic acids encoding the alpha- and beta-subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin in HeLa cells and butyrate-resistant variants. ABShort term exposure of HeLa S3 cells to sodium butyrate induces accumulation of the mRNAs encoding both the alpha- and beta-subunits of hCG. Both mRNAs accumulate with the same kinetics and reach maximal levels with the same concentration of butyrate, suggesting that the levels of alpha and hCG beta mRNAs are coordinately regulated. In addition, induction of both mRNAs is tightly coupled with a similar increase in secreted levels of hCG subunit protein, further suggesting that regulation of CG biosynthesis in HeLa cells occurs before translation. To determine whether HeLa cells which have overcome the growth inhibitory properties of butyrate show uniformly high levels of alpha and hCG beta mRNAs, we isolated clonal variants by stepwise selection with increasing concentrations of butyrate. Of 69 isolated variants, at least 2 (AO and B2) display different patterns of CG gene expression. In AO cells, alpha-subunit mRNA was not detectable, while in B2 cells, the level of alpha-subunit mRNA was similar to that of wild-type HeLa S3 cells. Conversely, hCG beta mRNA levels in both variant cell lines approximated levels found in butyrate-treated HeLa S3 cultures, suggesting that the mRNAs for alpha and hCG beta are regulated independently. Analysis of genomic DNA by blot hybridization indicated that the alpha-subunit gene was present as a single unrearranged copy in HeLa S3 cells and in both variants, indicating that differences in alpha-subunit gene expression are not associated with major genomic alterations, but probably reflect more subtle changes. AUMilsted A; Silver BJ; Cox RP; Nilson JH EM8601 IDAM-28559; AM-01316 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2033-9 MJGonadotropins, Chorionic; Hela Cells; RNA, Messenger /GE MNButyric Acids /PD; Drug Resistance; Gene Expression Regulation /DE; Macromolecular Systems; RNA, Messenger /BI MTFemale; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); 11028-71-0 (Concanavalin A); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004490 TIAutocrine stimulation by prolactin of hormone-responsive breast cancer growth in culture. ABEvidence obtained in human breast cancer cell lines in culture suggests that estradiol stimulates the synthesis of secretory proteins which may, in turn, mediate its mitogenic effect. We questioned whether a similar mechanism could mediate the growth-promoting effect of PRL in the N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumor grown in soft agar, where PRL exerts a dose-dependent colony-stimulating effect. Conditioned medium obtained from PRL-treated tumors, but not from control tumors, was found to exert a significant dose-dependent colony-stimulating effect when added to N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumors plated in soft agar under serum-free medium conditions. The growth-promoting action of conditioned medium from PRL-treated tumors was abolished by pretreatment with heat, trypsin, and Concanavalin-A, suggesting the possible glycoprotein nature of the oPRL-induced growth factor(s). These results provide support for the novel hypothesis that estradiol and PRL may support the growth of hormone-responsive breast cancer through a similar mechanism. AUManni A; Pontari M; Wright C EM8601 IDR01-CA-35944 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2040-3 MJEstrogens; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Prolactin MNCell Division /DE; Cells, Cultured; Concanavalin A /PH; Culture Media; Heat; Rats; Trypsin /DU MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN28822-58-4 (1-Methyl-3-Isobutylxanthine); 52665-69-7 (A-23187); 57-50-1 (Sucrose); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7439-96-5 (Manganese); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 9007-12-9 (Calcitonin) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004491 TIBiphasic effects of manganese on hormone-stimulated bone resorption. ABManganese, at concentrations of greater than 0.3 mM, inhibited PTH-stimulated resorption of fetal rat limb bones. At lower concentrations, 0.01 to 0.3 mM, manganese stimulated resorption. The bone resorbing effects of manganese were additive with those of PTH, prostaglandin E2, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or isobutylmethylxanthine, but were potentiated by ionophore A23187. The stimulatory effects of manganese were inhibited by calcitonin but not by indomethacin. Manganese appeared to act intracellularly to stimulate resorption, in that the enhancing effects were also seen when the manganese was encapsulated in liposomes. Both stimulatory and inhibitory manganese concentrations increased cAMP in the culture medium. Manganese concentrations that inhibited PTH-stimulated resorption also inhibited the effect of PTH on medium cAMP. The enhancement of PTH-induced resorption by manganese was, however, not accompanied by increases in cAMP in the culture medium. This suggests that the PTH-Mn interaction is not mediated through the adenylate cyclase system. AUStern PH EM8601 IDAM-11262 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2044-9 MJBone Resorption; Manganese MN1-Methyl-3-Isobutylxanthine /PD; A-23187 /PD; Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /PD; Bone and Bones /ME; Calcitonin /PD; Calcium /ME; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Parathyroid Hormones /PD; Rats; Sucrose /PD; Tissue Culture MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate); 24305-27-9 (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004492 TIThyrotropin-releasing hormone and epidermal growth factor stimulate prolactin synthesis by a pathway(s) that differs from that used by phorbol esters: dissociation of actions by calcium dependency and additivity. ABTRH, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulate PRL synthesis by GH4C1 rat pituitary cells. Recent evidence suggests that TPA activates directly phospholipid- and calcium-dependent protein kinase C in other cell types and that TRH might act analogously by altering phospholipid metabolism in GH4C1 cells. To examine the pathways by which these three agents stimulate PRL synthesis, we determined their calcium dependencies as well as their combined effects on PRL production. By equilibration of GH4C1 cells in a protein-free medium for 24 h, the free cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was found to increase (from 90 to 360 nM) when the extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]e) was varied from 15 to 800 microM. Basal PRL production increased in parallel (from 1 to 4 micrograms/ml X 24 h). TPA-stimulated PRL production was highly calcium dependent and required 180 nM [Ca2+]i for maximal enhancement. TRH-stimulated PRL production was constant between 10 and 660 microM [Ca2+]e, whereas EGF stimulated PRL production to a similar extent as TRH at 10 microM [Ca2+]e, but continued to enhance production with increasing [Ca2+]e. TRH elevated [Ca2+]i acutely, and at [Ca2+]e greater than 100 microM caused both a burst and a plateau phase in elevated [Ca2+]i. At lower [Ca2+]e, at which TRH still caused a maximal stimulation of PRL production, only the burst phase of [Ca2+]i occurred. When cultures were treated with any combination of maximally effective concentrations of TPA, TRH, or EGF, PRL production was increased by additive increments. The additive actions of TPA and TRH could not be explained by a calcium-promoted increase in TPA-stimulated PRL production. We conclude that TPA stimulates PRL production by a highly calcium-dependent pathway and that TRH and EGF stimulate PRL production by a different pathway(s) requiring lower [Ca2+]i. AURamsdell JS; Tashjian AH Jr EM8601 IDAM-11011; ES-00002; AM-07130 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2050-60 MJCalcium; Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone; Phorbols; Prolactin; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone MNCell Line; Inositol Phosphates /PH; Pituitary Gland /DE /ME; Rats MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN67763-96-6 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor I); 67763-97-7 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor II) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004493 TIFetal rat myoblasts release both rat somatomedin-C (SM-C)/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) and multiplication-stimulating activity in vitro: partial characterization and biological activity of myoblast-derived SM-C/IGF I. ABThe relative release of rat somatomedin-C (SM-C)/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) and multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) immunoreactivity and bioactivity from isolated fetal rat myoblasts was assessed by a partial characterization of the SM peptides present in concentrated myoblast-conditioned culture medium (MCM). The SM bioactivity of MCM, measured by [3H]thymidine or [35S]sulfate uptake by fetal rat cartilage explants, eluted with an apparent size of 50-80K on Sephadex G-200 at pH 7.5, and was associated with SM-C/IGF I immunoreactivity. Chromatography of MCM on Bio-Gel P-10 or Sephadex G-75 at acidic pH resulted in a peak of SM bioactivity associated with both SM-C/IGF I and MSA immunoreactivity in the 6-9K region. SM-binding activity, measured by competition with activated charcoal for [125I]SM-C or MSA, eluted in the void volume. When these fractions were incubated with [125I]SM-C and chromatographed on Sephadex G-200 at neutral pH, a heterogeneous pattern of binding proteins was seen, with a major component of 50-80K. After chromatofocusing of proteins in the 6-9K region from Bio-Gel P-10, three peaks of SM bioactivity were recovered, each associated with SM-C immunoreactivity, with pI values of 8.5, 7.1, and 6.5. Although both the basic and neutral peaks enhanced [3H]thymidine uptake by growth-restricted fetal rat myoblasts in vitro, only the bioactivity of the former could be blocked by incubation with a monoclonal antibody to human SM-C. Both human SM-C/IGF I and MSA purified from Buffalo rat liver cell-conditioned medium enhanced thymidine incorporation by growth-restricted fetal rat myoblasts. The results suggest that unlike reports of other fetal rat tissues, fetal rat myoblasts released approximately equal amounts of rat SM-C/IGF I and MSA during culture. The myoblast-derived SM-C/IGF I was biologically active on the cell type of origin and may play a paracrine role in muscle development. AUHill DJ; Crace CJ; Nissley SP; Morrell D; Holder AT; Milner RD EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2061-72 MJInsulin-Like Growth Factor I; Somatomedins MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, Gel; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II /ME; Muscles /CY /EM; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 7004-12-8 (Arginine); 9004-10-8 (Insulin); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004494 TIStructure-function relationships in pancreatic islets: support for intraislet modulation of insulin secretion. ABPancreatic islet B cell function was studied in vitro using three structurally different preparations of islet tissues: isolated, intact islets, dispersed islet cells attached singly to microcarrier beads, and reaggregated islet cells. Mechanisms of intercellular communication are eliminated with single cell preparations, whereas in aggregates cell to cell communications are reestablished and a defined microenvironment restored. Perifusion studies measured nonstimulated and glucose- and arginine-stimulated insulin release from the three islet tissues. Insulin secretion rates were expressed as a function of cellular DNA content, permitting direct comparison between tissues. During perifusion with low (2.8 or 5.5 mM) glucose concentrations, secretion rates of single islet cells were up to 6-fold greater (P less than 0.001) than those of intact islets. Perifusion of islet cells with 2.8 mM glucose and 100 or 500 pg glucagon/ml had no effect whereas GH-release-inhibiting factor (330 and 1000 pg/ml) decreased nonstimulated insulin secretion rates by 15% (P less than 0.05). After reaggregation, basal insulin secretion rates were restored toward those of intact islets. Glucose (5.5-30 mM) and L-arginine (5-20 mM) elicited first phase insulin responses from single islet cells that were not significantly different from those observed with intact islets; in contrast, second phase responses of single islets to glucose were approximately 50% those seen with intact islets, and their second phase responses to arginine were absent. Single islet cell first and second phase insulin responses to 5.5 mM glucose were enhanced 2.2-fold (P less than 0.01) and 2.8-fold (P less than 0.05), respectively, in the presence of exogenous glucagon, resulting in secretory profiles characteristic of intact islets. Reaggregation of single islet cells was associated with markedly increased first and second phase insulin responses to both glucose and arginine stimulation. These data show that disruption of the islet microanatomy results in alteration of insulin secretory responses and that these effects can be reversed, in part by exogenous glucagon and GH-release-inhibiting factor, and by reaggregation. Although different mechanisms appear important for nonstimulated, first and second phase insulin release, the findings support a role for both direct intercellular communication and hormonal secretion by islet A and D cells in the modulation of B cell function. AUHopcroft DW; Mason DR; Scott RS EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2073-80 MJInsulin; Islands of Langerhans MNArginine /PD; Cell Aggregation; Cell Communication; Glucagon /PD; Glucose /PD; Islands of Langerhans /SE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Secretory Rate /DE; Somatostatin /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004495 TIInhibitory effect of interferon on the production of insulin. ABViral and bacterial infections may produce abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism in normal subjects and profound changes in glucose homeostasis in insulin-dependent diabetics. Using an RIA with [125]porcine insulin, the effect of rat interferon (IFN) on the production/secretion of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in cultured cells was investigated. We found that, after incubation of rat insulinoma cells with rat IFN, a decrease in the production of IRI was observed. The decrease correlated with the concentration of IFN and the length of the incubation. IFN also caused a decrease in the production/secretion of IRI from rat pancreatic beta-cells in primary culture. This IFN has all of the properties of IFN including species specificity, and the insulin inhibitory effect cannot be dissociated from the antiviral activity of IFN. These data suggest that one possible explanation for abnormalities in glucose metabolism associated with viral or bacterial infections is that virus-or bacteria-induced production of IFN may alter the concentration of insulin. AUShimizu F; Shimizu M; Kamiyama K EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2081-4 MJInsulin; Interferon Type I MNCell Line; Cells, Cultured; Heat; Insulinoma /SE; Islands of Langerhans /SE; Rats; Species Specificity; Trypsin /DU MTAnimal; Human RNEC 1.14.- (Steroid Hydroxylases); EC 1.14.99.- (steroid 15-beta-hydroxylase); 9002-72-6 (Somatotropin); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004496 TIHypothalamo-pituitary regulation of cytochrome P-450(15) beta apoprotein levels in rat liver. ABThe regulation of the sexually differentiated steroid sulfate 15 beta-hydroxylase, cytochrome P-450(15) beta of female rat liver has been investigated. Specific antibodies raised to isozyme P-450(15) beta were used with the Western blot technique to quantitate the specific levels of P-450(15) beta in liver microsomes. The method demonstrated that the levels of the protein are about 16-fold higher in female than in male microsomes and also showed that the specific microsomal content of P-450(15) beta is controlled by GH. Hypophysectomy of female animals resulted in a decrease of P-450(15) beta to male levels. Continuous infusion of human GH, mimicking the female pattern of GH secretion in intact male animals, caused an elevation of the P-450(15) beta level to that of the female. The same dose of human GH in hypophysectomized male or female animals raised the P-450(15) beta level 8-fold or 50% of that seen in normal females. Infusion of ovine PRL to intact male rats had no effect on P-450(15) beta levels, whereas infusion of rat GH caused a 4-fold increase. Thus, the regulation of P-450(15) beta by GH is mainly associated with the somatogenic properties of the hormone. Furthermore, sc injection of rat GH every 12 h, mimicking the male pattern of GH secretion, had no effect on P-450(15) beta levels, demonstrating the importance of the GH secretory pattern in regulation of the specific protein levels. Postpubertal castration of male animals did not influence the microsomal P-450(15) beta content, whereas neonatal castration led to a feminization of the P-450(15) beta content in the adult male rat. Administration of estradiol valerate to male animals caused complete feminization of P-450(15) beta levels, whereas administration of androgen to female animals caused a decrease to male levels. Before 21 days of age, the P-450(15) beta level was slightly higher in male than in female rats. At 35 days, however, the P-450(15) beta level in female rats had increased almost 100-fold, whereas the levels in males increased only slightly. These changes are concomitant with the development of the sexual differentiation of the GH secretory pattern, supporting the role of GH in P-450(15) beta regulation. In conclusion, isozyme P-450(15) beta is a GH-regulated enzyme specific for female rats. The low level of the protein in males is probably explained by neonatal androgenic programming of the GH secretory pattern. AUMacGeoch C; Morgan ET; Gustafsson JA EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2085-92 MJCytochrome P-450; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Liver MNAndrogens /PH; Apoproteins /ME; Microsomes, Liver /EN; Rats; Sex Differentiation; Somatotropin /PD; Steroid Hydroxylases /ME MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004497 TISomatostatin-like material is present in flowering plants. ABExtracts of spinach contain somatostatin (SRIF)-related material (6-80 pg/g wet wt). The SRIF-related material, when purified on HPLC, was recovered as two major mol wt forms; one that eluted with a retention time similar to that of synthetic SRIF-28 and reacted in both N- and C-terminal-specific immunoassays, and a second peak that eluted with a retention time similar to that of SRIF-14 and reacted only in the C-terminal immunoassays. The purified material was active in a sensitive bioassay, and the bioactivity was neutralized in the presence of anti-SRIF antiserum. Since we have previously described the presence of similar material in bacteria, we also tested extracts of the flowering plant Lemna gibba G3, which was grown under sterile conditions. The Lemna extracts also had SRIF-related material (3.0 pg/g wet wt). Since plants are probably derived evolutionarily from unicellular organisms, the presence of SRIF-like material in higher plants gives support for the hypothesis that vertebrate-type peptide hormones have early evolutionary origins. AULeRoith D; Pickens W; Wilson GL; Miller B; Berelowitz M; Vinik AI; Collier E; Cleland CF EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2093-7 MJPlants; Somatostatin MNBiological Assay; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Swine MTAnimal RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 56-53-1 (Diethylstilbestrol); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004498 TIThe prolactin gene hypersensitive sites are present early in development and are not induced by estrogen administration. ABWe have previously shown that two DNase I-hypersensitive sites are present upstream of the PRL gene in pituitary tumors of Fischer 344 rats. In this paper we present a method for examining hypersensitive sites in nontumorous pituitaries where PRL-producing lactotrophs comprise a small percentage of the total cell population. Using this method we are able to show that DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the PRL gene chromatin remain present even when estrogen is withdrawn from animals and PRL synthesis is markedly decreased. Furthermore, the hypersensitive sites appear before sexual development in female rats, and estrogen administration does not affect the appearance of the sites. AUDurrin LK; Gorski J EM8601 IDCA-18110 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2098-105 MJProlactin MNChromatin /UL; Chromosome Mapping; DNA Restriction Enzymes /DU; DNA, Recombinant; Diethylstilbestrol /PD; Estradiol /PD; Estrogens /PD; Gene Expression Regulation /DE; Pituitary Gland /PH; Rats; Receptors, Estrogen /PH; Transcription, Genetic /DE MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN3483-12-3 (Dithiothreitol); 51-52-5 (Propylthiouracil); 5817-39-0 (Triiodothyronine, Reverse); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004499 TISkin is an active site for the inner ring monodeiodination of thyroxine to 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine. ABT4 (0.26 microM) was incubated in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 10 mM EDTA with homogenates (3-5 mg protein) of various rat tissues and up to 400 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) for 1 h at 37 C; the rT3 generated was measured by RIA of ethanol extracts of the incubation mixture. Among the various tissues of the male rat, homogenates of skin and cerebral cortex were very active in the conversion of T4 to rT3; other tissues demonstrated little or no T4 5-monodeiodinating activity (MA). The tissue content of rT3 was also greatest in these two tissues. The MA in skin increased linearly with incubation period (up to 4 h) and with increasing concentration of protein (up to 5 mg), substrate (up to 10 microM) and DTT (up to 400 mM); its optimal pH was 7.4, and optimal temperature was 37 C. Its Km and maximum velocity approximated 0.29 microM and 9.6 pmol/h X mg protein, respectively, in the presence of 400 mM DTT. There was no appreciable difference in T4 to rT3 MA of skin from different parts of the body. The MA was most abundant in microsomes and least in cytosol. The MA was unaffected by propylthiouracil (up to 25 microM), methimazole (up to 100 microM), sodium salicylate (up to 80 microM), or 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (up to 75 microM). Ipodate (up to 80 microM) weakly inhibited the MA. T3 and 3,5-diiodothyronine inhibited dermal T4 to rT3 MA in a dose-dependent manner; T3 was 3-12 times more potent than 3,5-diiodothyronine on a molar basis in different experiments. Treatment of euthyroid rats with 3,5-dimethyl-3'isopropylthyronine (45 micrograms/day, ip) for 3 or 5 days significantly increased dermal T4 to rT3 MA. Similar treatment of rats with T4 (100 micrograms/day, ip) or T3 (20 or 80 micrograms/day, ip) did not change with MA appreciably. Hypothyroidism markedly inhibited the MA, and fasting inhibited it modestly. Pregnancy was associated with marked reduction in the MA of skin in the mother [0.30 +/- 0.11 (+/- SE) vs. 7.2 +/- 2.2 ng/h X mg protein; P less than 0.02] and fetus (0.67 +/- 0.075; P less than 0.025).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) AUHuang TS; Chopra IJ; Beredo A; Solomon DH; Chua TecoGN EM8601 IDAM-16155 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2106-13 MJSkin; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine, Reverse MNDithiothreitol /PD; Fasting; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hyperthyroidism /ME; Hypothyroidism /ME; Microsomes /ME; Pregnancy; Propylthiouracil /PD; Rats; Temperature; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Triiodothyronine, Reverse /ME MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); EC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 362-74-3 (Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP); 9002-67-9 (LH); 9041-90-1 (Angiotensin I) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004501 TIInduction of renin activity by gonadotropic hormones in cultured Leydig tumor cells. ABThe hormonal regulation of renin activity in cloned and cultured Leydig tumor cells (designated MA-10) was examined. The treatment of Leydig cell cultures with bovine LH (bLH), hCG, or with (Bu)2cAMP elicited a dose- and time-dependent induction of renin activity and a concomitant increase in steroid biosynthesis. The optimum concentration of hCG was 25 ng/ml, which caused an average 25-fold increase in renin activity compared to the control value. bLH action was optimum at 75-100 ng/ml and induced an approximately 35-fold increase in renin activity. The maximum inducible level of renin activity was attained after 8-9 h of hormone treatments. The addition of progesterone (the major steroid product of the MA-10 cells) did not induce a significant increase in renin activity. Treatment of MA-10 cells with epidermal growth factor also failed to produce any increase in renin activity. The optimum concentration of (Bu)2cAMP was 800 microM for the induction of renin activity and caused an approximately 40-fold increase compared to the control value. Renin activity induced by bLH, hCG, or (Bu)2cAMP was completely inhibited by mouse anti-renin antibody, indicating the specific nature of renin. Upon withdrawal of (Bu)2cAMP from the culture medium, renin activity gradually declined to the control level, and with retreatment of these cultures with (Bu)2cAMP, a newly induced state of enzyme activity was resumed. Indirectly, the role of new protein and RNA synthesis was examined during hormonal regulation of renin induction using protein and RNA synthesis inhibitors such as cycloheximide, puromycin, actinomycin D, or rifampicin. Both protein and RNA synthesis inhibitors blocked the induction of renin activity in the presence of all three inducing agents, bLH, hCG, or (Bu)2cAMP. The results provide evidence that the induction of renin activity is modulated by bLH, hCG, or (Bu)2cAMP and represent the de novo synthesis of enzyme molecules. AUPandey KN; Ascoli M; Inagami T EM8601 IDHL-07323; HL-14192; HL-2228; + SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2120-6 MJLeydig Cell Tumor; Renin MNAngiotensin I /PD; Cells, Cultured; Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Induction /DE; Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone /PD; Gonadotropins, Chorionic /PD; LH /PD; Mice; Proteins /BI; RNA /BI; Renin /IM; Trypsin /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.1. (3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases); 145-13-1 (Pregnenolone); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004502 TIEstradiol acts as a competitive inhibitor of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase enzyme of cultured Leydig tumor cells. ABTo study the local regulatory mechanisms involving steroid hormones in steroidogenic cells, the effect of estradiol on steroidogenesis was investigated using MA-10 Leydig tumor cells. Estradiol inhibited progesterone biosynthesis in MA-10 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of progesterone biosynthesis by estradiol was associated with a concomitant accumulation of pregnenolone in the incubation medium. Estradiol inhibited the activity of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase by a chemical mechanism which is not mediated through the cellular estrogen receptor. Thus, the estrogen receptor agonist diethylstilbestrol did not inhibit this enzyme activity, nor could this agent block the effect of estradiol on the enzyme. Furthermore, estradiol inhibited enzyme activity in isolated microsomes which do not contain estradiol receptor protein. Kinetic analysis of the inhibitory effect of estradiol on 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase revealed that this steroid hormone functions as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme, with an average apparent Ki of 1.8 microM. AUFreeman DA EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2127-33 MJ3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Estradiol; Leydig Cell Tumor MNBinding, Competitive; Cells, Cultured; Mice; Pregnenolone /BI; Progesterone /BI MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN37221-79-7 (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide); 50-06-6 (Phenobarbital); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 9002-67-9 (LH); 9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004503 TIVasoactive intestinal polypeptide effects a central inhibition of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in ovariectomized rats. ABRecent studies implicate vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, and several observations suggest that VIP, originating within the brain, may alter the secretion of GnRH. We have tested the hypothesis that VIP acts as a central nervous system regulator of pulsatile GnRH secretion, as reflected in pulsatile LH release, by assessing the effect of intraventricularly administered VIP on several parameters of LH secretion in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. To examine the possibility that centrally administered VIP alters pituitary responsiveness to GnRH, we challenged OVX rats with GnRH and compared the LH response in VIP-treated animals with that in control animals. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that exposure of the animal to gonadal steroids alters VIP's effect on LH secretion by assessing LH release during central administration of VIP in OVX rats pretreated with estrogen and progesterone. Unanesthetized rats with external jugular cannulae were bled at 5-min intervals for 2 h before infusion and for 2 h during continuous intraventricular infusion of either VIP (1.8 nmol/h) or saline. Blood samples (300 or 400 microliter) were replaced with an equal volume of a blood replacement mixture. VIP infusion significantly reduced LH pulse frequency by 80% (P less than 0.002) and mean LH levels by 60% (P less than 0.002), but did not significantly affect LH pulse amplitude. In contrast, saline infusion produced no significant change in any of these parameters. The plasma LH response to 2 ng GnRH, iv, in VIP-treated animals did not differ significantly from that in control animals. Finally, VIP infusion had no discernible effect on LH secretion in OVX rats pretreated with estradiol benzoate (50 micrograms) and progesterone (25 mg). These results demonstrate that VIP can profoundly inhibit pulsatile LH secretion in the OVX rat and provide evidence to suggest that this effect is not due to diminished pituitary responsiveness to GnRH. Based upon these observations, we argue that VIP, originating within the brain, may be an important inhibitory regulator of pulsatile GnRH secretion. AUAlexander MJ; Clifton DK; Steiner RA EM8601 IDHD-12629; HD-12625 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2134-9 MJLH; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide MNEstradiol /PD; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone /SE; Ovariectomy; Periodicity; Phenobarbital /PD; Progesterone /PD; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.1.1.27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004504 TINuclear localization of unoccupied receptors for glucocorticoids, estrogens, and progesterone in GH3 cells. ABWe have previously shown that the unoccupied receptor for estrogen is not present in enucleated cells (cytoplasts) and probably is nuclear in cells that have been enucleated using cytochalasin B and centrifugation. We now demonstrate, using enucleation without cytochalasin, that the unoccupied receptors for glucocorticoids and progesterone also appear to be nuclear, and that enucleation without using cytochalasin results in the same distribution of estrogen receptor as that seen when this drug is used. Enucleated cells (cytoplasts) contained only 5-10% of the concentration of unoccupied receptors found in the whole cells. The unoccupied receptors for all three hormones were recovered instead in the nucleus-containing cell fragments (nucleoplasts). The cytosolic marker lactate dehydrogenase was present in the cytoplasts at the same or higher concentration than in the whole cells or nucleoplasts. Cytoplasts were formed from approximately 90% of the cells. When the nucleoplasts were homogenized, the unoccupied receptors for all three hormones were extracted into the cytosol, as is usually seen in homogenized cells and tissues. These results are, therefore, consistent with the possibility that the unoccupied glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors, like the unoccupied estrogen receptor, are nuclear rather than cytoplasmic proteins. In addition, localization of these unfilled receptors does not appear to be an artifact of cytochalasin treatment. AUWelshons WV; Krummel BM; Gorski J EM8601 IDHD-08192; CA-18110; T32-HD-07259; + SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2140-7 MJReceptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Receptors, Progesterone MNCell Compartmentation; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus /ME; Cytochalasins /PD; Cytoplasm /ME; Lactate Dehydrogenase /ME; Pituitary Gland; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.2.1.18 (Neuraminidase); 57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004505 TIThe effects of estrogen and progesterone in vivo on protein synthesis and secretion by cultured epithelial cells from sheep endometrium. ABOvariectomized ewes were treated with either nothing or implants of estrogen (E), progesterone (P), or E + P. Epithelial and stromal cells from caruncular and intercaruncular regions of sheep endometrium were dispersed by collagenase digestion and enriched by Ficoll gradient separation. Verification of cell types was by electron microscopy, keratin staining (epithelial cells), cell size, and appearance in culture. Epithelial cells were cultured under optimized conditions with [35S]methionine (S-met) and uptake of label by cells and its incorporation into cellular and secreted protein determined. Protein in the medium and lysed cells was analyzed by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cells from E-treated animals had higher S-met uptake and incorporation into proteins (cellular and secreted) than cells from ewes treated with nothing and P-treated animals. E effects were not significantly reduced in the presence of P. When secreted protein was expressed as a percent of total incorporated S-met, P treatment either alone or with E increased the proportion of labeled protein secreted by cells. There were no significant differences between caruncular and intercaruncular. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of secreted proteins showed one major glycoprotein (mol wt, 46,000, isoelectric point, 5.8-6.5) and four minor proteins induced by E + P greater than E, and five minor proteins inhibited by the steroids. Both induction and inhibition of cellular proteins were also apparent, though of lesser magnitude. Overall, whereas E treatment in vivo influenced the rate of incorporation of S-met into proteins by epithelial cells in vitro, P treatment increased the proportion of newly synthesized protein which was secreted. Steroids caused significant alterations in the individual proteins secreted by ovine endometrium. AUSalamonsen LA; Wai SO; Doughton B; Findlay JK EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2148-59 MJEndometrium /DE; Estrogens; Progesterone; Proteins MNCells, Cultured; Endometrium /CY /ME; Epithelium /DE /ME; Glycoproteins /ME; Isoelectric Point; Molecular Weight; Neuraminidase /DU; Ovariectomy; Sheep MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 12687-51-3 (Angiotensin III); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone); 64-85-7 (Desoxycorticosterone); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004506 TIEscape from the sodium-retaining action of intrarenal angiotensins II and III in the conscious dog. ABThe maximum amounts of angiotensins II and III that were confined to the kidney during intrarenal arterial administration in conscious dogs were determined to be 2 and 12 pmol/kg X min, respectively. These doses were infused chronically intrarenally to uninephrectomized dogs. A significant reduction in urinary volume and excretion of sodium was observed at 24 h of the intrarenal peptide infusions. These excretory effects were more marked with angiotensin III than with angiotensin II. Escape from the antidiuretic and antinatriuretic effects of angiotensins II and III was observed after 24 h in spite of continuous administration of the peptides. To define the role of reduced intrarenal angiotensin concentration in the physiological phenomenon of escape from the sodium-retaining action of mineralocorticoids, angiotensin II or III at the above doses was administered intrarenally together with 11-deoxycorticosterone acetate. No delay in escape from the sodium-retaining effects of the mineralocorticoid was noted as a result of concurrent intrarenal angiotensin administration. In conclusion, both angiotensin II and angiotensin III have direct sodium- and volume-retaining effects on the kidney. These renal effects are abolished within 48 h, either due to tachyphylaxis to angiotensins or by other mechanisms overriding the actions of angiotensins. No association was demonstrated between suppression of the renin-angiotensin system and escape from mineralocorticoid-induced sodium retention. AUDickstein GM; Woodson JF; Lamb NE; Rose CE Jr; Peach MJ; Carey RM EM8601 IDR01-HL-32129; R23-HL-28118 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2160-9 MJAngiotensin III; Angiotensin II; Natriuresis; Water-Electrolyte Balance MNAldosterone /BL; Blood Pressure /DE; Desoxycorticosterone /PD; Dogs; Glomerular Filtration Rate /DE; Kidney /BS /DE; Potassium /ME; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Sodium /ME MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN434-22-0 (Nandrolone) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004508 TIGas chromatography-mass spectrometry of androgens in equine ovarian follicles at ultrastructurally defined stages of development. Identification of 19-nortestosterone in follicular fluid. ABFollicular fluid was obtained from equine follicles at different stages of development as determined by ultrastructural study. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry associated with stable isotope dilution permitted the demonstration of high levels of 4-estrene-3,7-dione and 17 beta-hydroxy-4-estren-3-one, 17 beta-hydroxy-4-estren-3-one levels often being about 10 times higher than those of testosterone. These findings suggest that in the mare ovary, an aromatizing pathway may proceed using these 19-norsteroids as intermediates. As a consequence of this high level of 19-norsteroids, testosterone content may be most often overestimated by RIA. RIA of steroids in follicular fluid should be validated by a reference technique based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, associated with stable isotope dilution. AUSilberzahn P; Dehennin L; Zwain I; Reiffsteck A EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2176-81 MJAndrogens; Graafian Follicle; Horses MNCell Differentiation; Graafian Follicle /CY; Mass Fragmentography; Nandrolone /AN MTAnimal; Female RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004509 TISubtype-selective down-regulation of rat renal cortical alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors by catecholamines. ABIn the current studies, we have explored agonist-mediated down-regulation of adrenergic receptors in vivo. We infused catecholamines from sc implanted osmotic minipumps and examined the effects of the resultant increases in circulating levels of catecholamines on rat renal cortical alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes, as assessed in radioligand binding studies. Infusion of epinephrine or norepinephrine (at 150 micrograms/kg X h) elevated plasma levels of each catecholamine 10- to 20-fold and decreased renal cortical alpha 1-receptor number about 50% without changing alpha 2-receptor number. Isoproterenol infusion (150 micrograms/kg X h) raised plasma levels of this catecholamine, but had no effect on the number of either alpha 1- or alpha 2-receptors. Renal cortical beta-adrenergic receptor number was decreased by infusion of all three catecholamines. However, the beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors were altered selectively by the different agonists. Infusion of norepinephrine decreased both beta 1- and beta 2-receptor number, but was more effective for the beta 1-receptors; this result was somewhat at variance with that we previously reported for rats bearing transplanted pheochromocytomas. The decrease in beta-receptor number due to epinephrine infusion was largely due to loss of the renal cortical beta 2-receptors. Infusion of isoproterenol decreased the number of both beta 1- and beta 2-receptors (69% and 75%, respectively). Infusion of norepinephrine maximally decreased the number of alpha 1-, beta 1-, and beta 2-receptors within 2 days, and the t 1/2 for receptor loss was about 12 h. beta-Receptors lost in response to isoproterenol infusion could not be recovered in a pellet prepared by high speed centrifugation of the supernatant derived from the preparation of renal cortical membranes. These results indicate that adrenergic receptor subtypes are differentially down-regulated by elevated levels of circulating catecholamines and that this differential loss of receptors depends on the nature of the receptor subtype, the agonist, and perhaps also whether catecholamines are infused rather than increased by pheochromocytoma. AUSnavely MD; Ziegler MG; Insel PA EM8601 IDHL-25457; GM-31987 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2182-9 MJKidney Cortex /ME; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /ME; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta /ME MNEpinephrine /PD; Isoproterenol /PD; Kidney Cortex /DE; Kinetics; Membranes /ME; Norepinephrine /PD; Pheochromocytoma /ME; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /DE; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta /DE; Subcellular Fractions /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 521-18-6 (Stanolone); 56-53-1 (Diethylstilbestrol); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 60-56-0 (Methimazole); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004511 TIThe differential effects of thyroid and gonadal hormones on substance P content in the anterior pituitary of the prepubertal rat. ABThe effects of thyroid and gonadal status on the content of substance P in the anterior pituitary (AP-SP) were examined in prepubertal rats. A sex difference in AP-SP is evident by age 50 days [males, 287 +/- 35 fmol/mg protein (mean +/- SE); females, 103 +/- 17; P less than 0.05], and this difference becomes greater by 75 days (males, 543 +/- 54; females, 146 +/- 11.5; P less than 0.01). Hypothyroidism was induced in male and female pups by giving lactating dams 0.1% methimazole (wt/vol) in their drinking water after parturition. There was a marked and significant increase in AP-SP in 21-day-old hypothyroid compared to euthyroid control pups. Male pups were made thyrotoxic by daily treatment with T4 (10 micrograms/rat, sc) from age 8 to 15 days. AP-SP was 4 times lower in the thyrotoxic than in the euthyroid pups (P less than 0.001). Rats ovariectomized at age 22 days and killed on day 35 revealed no change in AP-SP, in contrast to the rise in AP-SP in the ovariectomized adult rat. Female pups were treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT; 50 micrograms/day) or testosterone (50 micrograms/day) from age 8-20 days. Neither androgen induced a change in AP-SP. Female pups which received estradiol (E2; 0.5 micrograms/day) or testosterone (75 micrograms/day) from age 8-20 days also had no change in AP-SP. As opposed to the lack of effect of E2 and DHT on AP-SP in female rats younger than 22 days, E2 (1 microgram/100 g BW daily) caused a decrease and DHT (100 micrograms/100 g BW daily) caused an increase in AP-SP in female rats treated from 22-35 days of age [E2, 91 +/- 6.9; DHT, 226 +/- 31 (P less than 0.05 vs. control for both); control, 154 +/- 13]. We conclude that the responsiveness of AP-SP to alterations in thyroid status is present at the youngest age studied. In contrast, the responsiveness of AP-SP to changes in the levels of gonadal steroids is absent in the infantile period and requires a maturational process that becomes evident during the juvenile state of sexual development. AUCoslovsky R; Braverman LE; Leeman SE; Aronin N EM8601 IDAM-18919; AM-29876; AM-01126 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2198-202 MJAndrogens; Estrogens; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Substance P; Thyroid Hormones MNDiethylstilbestrol /PD; Estradiol /PD; Hyperthyroidism /ME; Hypothyroidism /ME; Methimazole /PD; Orchiectomy; Ovariectomy; Rats; Sex Factors; Sex Maturation; Stanolone /PD; Testosterone /PD; Thyroxine /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase); EC 4.1.1.17 (Ornithine Decarboxylase); 50-02-2 (Dexamethasone) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004513 TIDexamethasone stimulates osteogenesis in chick periosteum in vitro. ABFolded periosteal explants derived from 16-day-old chick embryo calvariae differentiate and form bone when cultured for 6 days in chemically defined, hormone-supplemented medium or on plasma clots. We studied the effect of dexamethasone on generation of cells with osteoblastic phenotype in such cultures. Bone cell phenotype was evaluated by determination of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity. Cellular proliferation was assessed by measuring ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, [3H]thymidine uptake, and radioautography of cultures that had incorporated [3H]thymidine. Cultures were exposed to various medium concentrations of dexamethasone (10(-6) M, 10(-7) M, 10(-8) M) from the outset or from the second or fourth day of culture onwards. In cultures continuously exposed to dexamethasone and maintained in chemically defined media or on plasma clots, dexamethasone increased AP activity measured at day 6. This effect was maximal at 10(-7) M dexamethasone. Cultures exposed to dexamethasone after day 2 in culture also showed increased AP activity, but only in the cultures maintained on plasma clots. There was no stimulation of AP activity when dexamethasone was added at day 4 of culture with either medium, thus suggesting that the effect of glucocorticoids depends on the stage of differentiation of the cultures. In addition to AP stimulation, dexamethasone also stimulated ODC activity. Since ODC activity has been associated with mesenchymal cell proliferation, this suggested that dexamethasone stimulated the proliferation of similar cells in the cultured periostea. Measuring [3H]thymidine uptake in and performing autoradiography of control cultures and cultures treated with dexamethasone confirmed that stimulation of proliferation did occur and located this proliferation within the cell layer adjacent to the bone surface. These results demonstrate that dexamethasone stimulates in vitro osteogenesis, and that this effect appears to be mediated through stimulation of progenitor cell proliferation. In addition, our data indicate that factors in the clot medium modulate the responsiveness of the precursor cell population. AUTenenbaum HC; Heersche JN EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2211-7 MJDexamethasone; Osteogenesis; Periosteum MNAlkaline Phosphatase /ME; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cell Division /DE; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Periosteum /DE MTAnimal IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004514 TIVariations in the oligosaccharides on free and combined alpha-subunits of human choriogonadotropin in pregnancy. ABThe glycoprotein hormone hCG and a free alpha-subunit are secreted by trophoblastic cells during pregnancy. We have purified the alpha-subunit of hCG and the free alpha-subunit population from pregnancy urine. Dissociation of hCG with 10 M urea at 37 C, followed by chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, resulted in separation of alpha- from beta-subunit, as hCG alpha does not bind to DEAE in the presence of urea, while beta-subunit does bind. Similar treatment of the free alpha population resulted in fractionation into two populations, a nonbinding fraction of free alpha and a population which was retained by DEAE in the presence of urea (free alpha 2). The three populations, hCG alpha, free alpha, and free alpha 2, were further purified by affinity chromatography using anti-alpha antisera linked to Sepharose. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the preparations showed that hCG alpha consisted of a single component with an apparent mol wt of 22,000, while free alpha and free alpha 2 consisted of multiple components. Radioactive labeling of sialic acid by limited periodate oxidation and NaB[3H]4 reduction resulted in a higher specific activity for free alpha than for hCG alpha, suggesting that free alpha contains more sialic acid per immunoreactive molecule than does alpha dissociated from hCG. [3H]hCG alpha, but not 3H-labeled free alpha, was able to combine with native hCG beta-subunit. The oligosaccharide moieties were released from the different labeled subunits by alkaline hydrolysis and then compared with respect to Concanavalin A (ConA)-binding and DEAE-binding properties. Most of the oligosaccharides from dissociated hCG alpha bound to ConA-Sepharose (72%), while less material from free alpha (40%) and even less from free alpha 2 (25%) were capable of binding to ConA. DEAE chromatography of the oligosaccharides suggested that hCG alpha contained primarily monosialylated forms (greater than 60%), while free alpha and alpha 2 contained primarily (greater than 70%) di- and trisialylated forms. Thus, the ConA and DEAE binding data indicated that the oligosaccharide contents of free alpha and free alpha 2 were quite different from that of hCG alpha. These results also suggest that some of the oligosaccharide structures contained on hCG alpha and most of those on free alpha and free alpha 2 differ substantially from the structures that have been previously described. AUBlithe DL; Nisula BC EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2218-28 MJGonadotropins, Chorionic /ME MNCarbohydrate Sequence; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glycoproteins /ME; Gonadotropins, Chorionic /IP; Macromolecular Systems; Oligosaccharides /ME; Pregnancy; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Sialic Acids /ME MTFemale; Human RN50-28-2 (Estradiol) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004515 TIThe postnatal ontogeny of rat uterine glands and age-related effects of 17 beta-estradiol. ABIn the uterus of the newborn rat, only the luminal epithelium is differentiated. Differentiation of musculature and glandular epithelium occurs postnatally, the latter originating as invaginations of the luminal epithelium into the stroma. Using unambiguous criteria for quantification of uterine glands, we find that uterine glands first appear on postnatal day 9 after which the increase in the number of glands is rapid and synchronous, with approximately 4.4 glands per uterine section reached by day 15. Between days 15 and 35, the number of glands per uterine section varied in a cyclic manner with an amplitude of approximately one gland per uterine section and a period of 6-7 days. Although exogenous 17 beta-estradiol (E2) administered on postnatal days 1-5 induced slight premature gland genesis, the number of glands per uterine section was approximately 30% lower between days 15-26 compared to untreated animals. Administration of E2 during the period of normal gland genesis (days 10-14) induced a dose-related delay in the onset of appearance of glands. After this, gland genesis proceeded at a normal rate; however, the maximum levels reached were again generally below those observed in untreated controls. E2 administered after uterine glands were established (days 20-24) induced a small increase in gland number compared to controls. E2 also induced temporary hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and cellular degeneration in the luminal epithelium during each of the dosing periods without corresponding changes in the stroma or myometrium. These data demonstrate that uterine gland genesis occurs between postnatal days 9-15 and that exogenous estrogen can alter, in an age-specific manner, both uterine gland genesis and the number of glands per uterine section. AUBranham WS; Sheehan DM; Zehr DR; Ridlon E; Nelson CJ EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2229-37 MJEstradiol; Uterus /GD MNAge Factors; Animals, Newborn /PH; Epithelium /CY; Organ Weight; Rats; Uterus /AH MTAnimal; Female RNEC 4.1.1.17 (Ornithine Decarboxylase); 10540-29-1 (Tamoxifen); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 56-53-1 (Diethylstilbestrol) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004516 TIInhibition of rat uterine gland genesis by tamoxifen. ABWe have previously shown that rat uterine gland genesis occurs rapidly and synchronously between postnatal days 9-15. Exogenous estrogens either stimulate or inhibit gland genesis depending on dose and age at administration. We therefore examined the developmental effects of the triphenylethylene antiestrogen tamoxifen, which exhibits both estrogen agonist and antagonist properties, in the postnatal rat uterus. Tamoxifen administered sc in oil on postnatal days 1-5 or days 10-14 caused dose-related inhibition of uterine gland genesis which persisted to day 26 or day 60, respectively. Tamoxifen administered on postnatal days 20-24, which is after the age of normal gland genesis, did not alter the number of preexisting glands. A 24-h exposure to tamoxifen inhibited 17 beta-estradiol (E2)-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity measured 6 h after E2 administration in 14-day-old rats. Treatment with tamoxifen before or during the period of gland genesis also reduced uterine responsiveness to a single dose of E2 as measured by both uterine weight gain (after a 24-h exposure on days 14, 19, 22, and 26) and the pattern of E2-induced ODC activity in 26-day-old rats. Control rats respond to E2 with peaks of ODC activity at 6 and 18 h after administration. Treatment with tamoxifen on either postnatal days 1-5 or 10-14 reduced the 18-h peak to approximately half of controls but did not affect the 6-h E2-induced ODC peak. Analysis of both nuclear and translocatable cytosol estrogen receptor in uteri from 26-day-old rats indicate that neither the dissociation constant (KD) nor the number of binding sites was affected by tamoxifen treatment on postnatal days 1-5 or 10-14. AUBranham WS; Sheehan DM; Zehr DR; Medlock KL; Nelson CJ; Ridlon E EM8601 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2238-48 MJTamoxifen; Uterus /GD MNAge Factors; Animals, Newborn; Diethylstilbestrol /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Induction /DE; Estradiol /PD; Organ Weight /DE; Ornithine Decarboxylase /ME; Rats; Receptors, Estrogen /ME; Uterus /AH /DE MTAnimal; Female RN362-74-3 (Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP); 66428-89-5 (Forskolin); 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) IS0013-7227 LAEnglish JCEGZ SBA; M; X UI86004517 TITSH and cAMP enhance expression of the myc proto-oncogene in cultured thyroid cells. ABThe effect of TSH stimulation on cellular (c)-myc mRNA content in cultured thyroid cells was examined by Northern blot analysis. Polyadenylated mRNA was prepared from quiescent FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells and from cells stimulated by TSH for 8 h. A major 2.1 kilobase (kb) transcript was enhanced 5.5-fold by TSH. (Bu)2cAMP and forskolin each enhanced c-myc expression 2.7-fold. These data indicate that TSH, via cAMP as a second messenger, can regulate expression of a cellular oncogene in a non-neoplastic, specific target cell. AUDere WH; Hirayu H; Rapoport B EM8601 IDAM 19289; AM 36182 SOEndocrinology (United States), Nov 1985, 117(5) p2249-51 MJDibutyryl Cyclic AMP; Proto-Oncogenes; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotropin MNCell Line; Forskolin /PD; Gene Expression Regulation /DE; Rats MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (placental lactogen receptor); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004519 TIStudies on the ontogenesis and the regulatory mechanisms of placental lactogen and insulin binding sites (receptor) in rat liver. ABThe ontogenesis of specific binding of 125I-hPL and 125I-insulin was determined in rat liver cell membranes (10(5) X g pellets), and the regulatory mechanisms of these binding sites were also examined. There were striking differences in the mode of ontogenesis between binding sites of hPL and insulin in rats. HPL binding sites were very few in liver cell membranes from fetal and immature rats. They began to increase after puberty, and markedly increased in late pregnancy. On the other hand, insulin binding sites, which decreased in late pregnancy, were dominant in fetal liver and placenta. Consequently, the lipolytic and glycogenolytic activities of hPL in maternal liver were accentuated, whereas the effects of insulin on maternal liver were suppressed. In contrast, in fetal liver and placenta only the anabolic effects of insulin seemed conspicuous. According to the results of experiments on in vivo administration of estradiol-17 beta, progesterone, hydrocortisone or hPL to intact or hypox-rats, and the measurement of serum rat chorionic mammotropin (rCM), rPRL, estradiol-17 beta, and insulin during pregnancy in rats, the increase in hepatic hPL binding sites observed in late pregnancy might be, at least in part, due to rCM secreted from placenta, and the decrease in insulin binding sites due to the increase in serum insulin itself in rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUMochizuki M; Ueda Y; Tokiwa Y; Deguchi M; Morikawa H EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Apr 1985, 32(2) p195-205 MJLiver; Receptors, Endogenous Substances; Receptors, Insulin MNEstradiol /BL; Hydrocortisone /PD; Hypophysectomy; Insulin /BL; Kinetics; Pregnancy; Progesterone /PD; Prolactin /BL; Puerperium; Radioligand Assay; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN24526-64-5 (Nomifensine); 57808-66-9 (Domperidone); 64854-64-4 (FK 33-824); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004520 TIDisturbed prolactin responses to dopamine-related substances in patients with acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia. ABWe undertook this study, because conflicting data were reported about the dopaminergic regulation of prolactin (PRL) secretion in patients with acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia. In order to clarify the dopaminergic regulation of PRL secretion in patients with acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia, the effects of nomifensine, a central dopamine agonist, FK 33-824, a centrally antidopaminergically acting agent, and domperidone, a peripheral dopamine antagonist, on plasma PRL in these patients were studied. The results were compared with those observed in normal subjects and hyperprolactinemic patients, with or without a pituitary tumor. Nomifensine did not lower the PRL levels and FK 33-824 did not raise the PRL levels in acromegalic patients. In hyperprolactinemic patients, nomifensine did not lower the PRL levels and FK 33-824 failed to raise the PRL levels. Domperidone did not increase PRL in about a third of acromegalic patients, while TRH increased PRL in the all normoprolactinemic acromegalic patients. These results suggest that in acromegalic patients there may be a disturbance in dopamine related neurotransmission and that such disorders also seem to be present in patients with hyperprolactinemia, with or without a pituitary tumor. AUSekiya K; Karashima T; Ikuyama S; Muta K; Kato K; Ibayashi H EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Apr 1985, 32(2) p207-14 MJAcromegaly; FK 33-824; Nomifensine; Prolactin MNAdult; Domperidone /PD; Middle Age; Pituitary Neoplasms /BL; Radioimmunoassay MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN28822-58-4 (1-Methyl-3-Isobutylxanthine); 52232-67-4 (parathyroid hormone peptide (1-34); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004521 TIRat renal cell monolayer culture: a sensitive method for investigating ADH and PTH actions on the kidney by determining adenosine 3' :5'-cyclic monophosphate. ABThe response of cAMP to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was studied using rat renal medullary cells in a monolayer culture. In addition, cAMP response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) was studied in renal cortical cells. As the culture aged, an increase in basal cAMP content and a gradual decrease in the cAMP responsiveness to arginine vasopressin (AVP) were observed. After 2 days of culture, AVP and hPTH-(1-34) produced a rapid increase in intracellular cAMP with single peaks, after 10 min and 5 min, respectively. Extracellular cAMP was increased linearly by both AVP and hPTH-(1-34). The response of cAMP to AVP was markedly greater in the medulla than in the cortex, while the response to hPTH-(1-34) was remarkable only in the cortex. Outstanding sensitivity of cAMP responsiveness was observed in this system, i.e., 10(-12) M AVP (1 pg/ml) and 2.43 X 10(-10) M hPTH-(1-34) (1 ng/ml) provoked significant increases in cAMP from the basal level of 0.31 +/- 0.04 and 0.59 +/- 0.05 pmol/dish to 0.79 +/- 0.03 and 1.07 +/- 0.13 pmol/dish, respectively (P less than 0.001). In the medulla, potencies of lysine vasopressin (LVP), DDAVP and oxytocin at a concentration of 10(-9) M were 76.1%, 154.2% and 8.1% of that of AVP, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUHatano T; Ogawa K; Yamamoto M; Kanda K; Matsui N EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Apr 1985, 32(2) p215-23 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Kidney /ME; Parathyroid Hormones; Vasopressins MN1-Methyl-3-Isobutylxanthine /PD; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extracellular Space /ME; Intracellular Fluid /ME; Kidney Cortex /DE /ME; Kidney Medulla /DE /ME; Kidney /DE; Peptide Fragments /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male RN50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 50-24-8 (Prednisolone); 64-86-8 (Colchicine) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004522 TIEffect of colchicine on the depletion and replenishment of cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor in rat liver after administration of glucocorticoid. ABPretreatment of rats with colchicine (3 mg/kg body weight) modified the time course of depletion of the cytoplasmic binding sites for 3H-dexamethasone after administration of prednisolone (0.5 or 1.5 mg/kg body weight). Colchicine also decreased the rate of the cytoplasmic receptor replenishment which was confirmed by application of this drug after completion of the cytoplasmic receptor translocation to nuclei (30 min after prednisolone injection). Addition of colchicine to the incubation mixture for in vitro binding of 3H-dexamethasone-labelled liver cytosol to isolated liver nuclei suspended in TKMS buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50 mM KCl, 5 mM MgCl2 and 250 mM sucrose) evoked no measurable changes in the rate of the nuclear binding. AUIchii S; Yoshida A EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Apr 1985, 32(2) p225-31 MJColchicine; Liver /ME; Receptors, Glucocorticoid MNBinding Sites; Cell Nucleus /ME; Cytoplasm /ME; Dexamethasone /PD; Liver /DE; Prednisolone /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 34273-10-4 (Saralasin); 60617-12-1 (beta-endorphin); 7440-48-4 (Cobalt); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004523 TIIn vivo and in vitro effects of angiotensin II on the release of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity. ABThe effect of angiotensin II (A II) on the release of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-END-LI) in rats was studied in vivo and in vitro. Intravenous injection of 1 microgram/100 g body weight of A II resulted in significant increase in the plasma beta-END-LI level after 10 and 20 min. Intraventricular injection of 1 ng/100 g body weight of A II also resulted in significant increase in the plasma beta-END-LI level after 10 min. A II at concentrations of 10(-12) M-10(-10) caused dose-dependent stimulation of beta-END-LI release from dispersed cells of rat anterior pituitary. On gel chromatography, the beta-END-LI released by incubation of the cells with 10(-10) M A II separated into two components which eluted in the same positions as human beta-lipotropin and human beta-endorphin, respectively. The ratio of beta-LPH to beta-END in these fractions was 5:1 on a molar basis. A II did not stimulate beta-END-LI release in Ca++-free-medium. [Sar1, Ala8]-A II at concentrations of 10(-9) M - 10(-7) M did not stimulate beta-END-LI release from the cells. Addition of [Sar1, Ala8]-A II to the incubation medium inhibited A II-induced beta-END-LI release from the cells. These results indicate that A II acts, at least in part, directly on anterior pituitary cells to stimulate beta-END-LI release and that calcium ion is involved in the mechanism of this effect. AUMatsumura M; Inoue S; Yamanoi A; Chikamori K; Saito S EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Apr 1985, 32(2) p233-40 MJAngiotensin II /PD; Endorphins MNAngiotensin II /AD; Calcium /PD; Chromatography, Gel; Cobalt /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Injections, Intraventricular; Pituitary Gland, Anterior /DE /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Saralasin /PD; Time Factors MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (somatostatin, des(Ala(1); 0 (very low density lipoprotein triglyceride); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 9002-72-6 (Somatotropin); 9004-10-8 (Insulin); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004524 TIEffect of simultaneous infusion of a somatostatin analogue, insulin and glucose on serum triglycerides and blood glucose levels in man. ABNine non-diabetic, non-obese, normocholesterolemic normal male subjects with varied triglycerides levels were subjected to a simultaneous infusion test with a synthetic somatostatin analogue [des(Ala1, Gly2)-D-Trp8, D-Asn3, 14-somatostatin], insulin and glucose under ambulatory conditions. The levels of C-peptide reactivity, immunoreactive glucagon and growth hormone were reduced, and the level of immunoreactive insulin remained constant during the infusion. The blood glucose reached a constant value at 110-120 minutes (steady state blood glucose, SSBG) after the commencement of the infusion. The total cholesterol (TC) levels decreased slightly in the 30 minutes after the experiments were begun, and the triglycerides (TG) levels decreased gradually throughout the infusion period, due mainly to the reduction of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). The most striking finding was the highly significant positive correlation (p less than 0.005, r = 0.868) between SSBG and the serum TG level prior to the infusion. These results indicate an important relationship between insulin sensitivity and serum TG level. High TG level may be regarded as one of the indices of insulin resistance. AUFukushima H; Maeda H; Suzaki K; Shimada M; Sakakida M; Kishikawa H; Nakamura N; Uzawa H EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Apr 1985, 32(2) p241-8 MJBlood Glucose; Glucose; Insulin; Somatostatin; Triglycerides MNAdult; C-Peptide /BL; Cholesterol /BL; Glucagon /BL; Lipoproteins, VLDL /BL; Middle Age; Somatostatin /PD; Somatotropin /BL; Time Factors MTHuman; Male RN0 (Ca antigens); 11028-71-0 (Concanavalin A); 9007-73-2 (Ferritin); 9010-34-8 (Thyroglobulin) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004525 TIIncreased ferritin levels in the fluid of thyroid cyst. ABHigh ferritin levels in the aspirate of thyroid cyst (Six yellow clear, 4 yellow turbid and 10 chocolate colored turbid) without apparent sings of malignancy were found. The mean concentration in the 3,000 X g supernatant of the fluid was 40,116 ng/ml, and the 3,000 X g precipitate was 11,147 ng/ml. All cases showed normal levels of serum ferritin. Con A binding with ferritin was distributed from low to high. These ferritins showed a molecular weight of approximately 450,000 which was the same as found in human spleen and liver. The continuous increase in ferritin levels in thyroid cyst fluid was found by a chronological study in some cases. When tumor markers such as CEA, NCA, CA 19-9 and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AG, acute phase reactant) were examined simultaneously, an increase in some of the cyst fluid was observed. However, the incidence and the rate of increase of these tumor markers and acute phase reactant were low compared to ferritin. Neither a correlation between ferritin and CEA, nor between ferritin and CA 19-9 was found. The increase in ferritin in thyroid cyst fluids may be due to the increased synthesis, release and storage by the inflammatory cells. AUIshida M; Kajita Y; Nakajima Y; Ura Y; Ochi Y; Hachiya T; Ijichi H; Miyazaki T EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Apr 1985, 32(2) p249-57 MJCysts; Exudates and Transudates; Ferritin; Thyroid Diseases MNAntigens, Neoplasm /AN; Carcinoembryonic Antigen /AN; Chromatography, Gel; Concanavalin A /ME; Molecular Weight; Thyroglobulin /AN; Thyroid Function Tests MTFemale; Human; Male RN60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 7681-82-5 (Sodium Iodide); 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004526 TIIodide modulation of Ca2+ efflux from mouse thyroid. ABIn a preceding report, we showed evidence that thyrotropin (TSH) stimulates Ca2+ efflux from mouse thyroid gland and that TSH stimulation of Ca2+ efflux is inhibited by acute administration of excess iodide to mice fed a low iodine diet (Hashizume et al., 1984). The observations suggested that iodide inhibits Ca2+ efflux through an inhibition of TSH-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. We found further, that iodide inhibits dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBC)-stimulated Ca2+ efflux. The results suggested that iodide influences the step subsequent to the generation of cyclic AMP. In this report, we studied whether iodide can inhibit Ca2+ efflux by a mechanism which is distinct from adenylate cyclase inhibition. The acute administration of excess iodide to mice fed a regular diet did not decrease the basal Ca2+ efflux rate in the thyroid. TSH-induced stimulation of Ca2+ efflux in thyroids obtained from regular diet-treated mice was not modified by iodide administration. Iodide injection to mice fed a low iodide diet, however, decreased the basal Ca2+ efflux rate though the content of cyclic AMP in the thyroids was not altered by this treatment. The decreased-Ca2+ efflux rate induced by iodide in the low iodine diet-treated thyroids was not modified by TSH in vitro. The results indicate that an acute administration of excess iodide in thyroid inhibits Ca2+ efflux not only by an inhibition of adenylate cyclase but also by an inhibitory action which is distinct from the adenylate cyclase inhibiting action of iodide. AUHashizume K; Kobayashi M; Onaya T EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Apr 1985, 32(2) p259-64 MJCalcium; Iodides; Thyroid Gland /ME MNAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /ME; Diet; Mice; Sodium Iodide /PD; Thyroid Gland /DE; Thyrotropin /PD MTAnimal; Male RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004527 TILow serum levels of FSH, LH and prolactin in luteal phase inadequacy. ABIn order to elucidate the relationship between prolactin (PRL) levels and corpus luteum function in humans, assessment of temporal relationship between levels of PRL, LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone was made in eleven normal cycling women and six short luteal women. All hormones were determined by specific radioimmunoassay. The mean PRL level in the luteal phase was higher than that in the follicular phase in normal women. On the other hand, no difference mean was seen between the PRL levels of follicular and luteal phases in short luteal women. In addition, follicular and luteal phase secretion of PRL in the short luteal phase (SLP) was lower than that in the normal control. LH and FSH in the follicular and luteal phases, estradiol secretion in the late follicular and early to mid-luteal phases in SLP were also lower than those in the control. These observations were consistent with the hypothesis that SLP is a sequel to aberrant folliculogenesis. In addition, it is inferred that low PRL levels in the SLP might be due to inadequate augmentation by estrogen, rather than giving PRL any positive controlling role in the maintenance of corpus luteum function. AUMinakami H; Kimura K; Tamada T EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Apr 1985, 32(2) p265-70 MJCorpus Luteum; FSH; LH; Luteal Phase; Prolactin MNAdult; Estradiol /BL; Follicular Phase; Progesterone /BL; Radioimmunoassay MTFemale; Human RN9010-34-8 (Thyroglobulin) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004528 TIDevelopment of enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (ELISA) for the detection of monoclonal antibody: application to detection of monoclonal anti-TBG. ABAn enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (ELISA) was developed to screen monoclonal antibody to human thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). The assay is based on the absorption of TBG from human pooled serum by rabbit polyclonal anti-TBG antibody coated on a microtiter plate and subsequent binding of monoclonal antibody to the absorbed antigen. Monoclonal antibody which binds TBG can be detected by peroxidase labeled anti-mouse IgG. From the examination with two different rabbit polyclonal anti-TBG antibodies, it was demonstrated that both purified IgG fraction and whole serum could be used as coating materials. It was not necessary to use purified TBG to react with anti-TBG antibody coated on the microtiter plate. When eight commercially available microtiter ELISA plates were tested in the assay, only 3 gave satisfactory results. The sensitivity of the assay was comparable with that of the conventional immunoprecipitation method using 125I-TBG and formalin fixed Staphylococcus aureus (Kowan strain) as an immunoabsorbent. The ELISA method could detect antibody activity in 0.032 microliter of medium obtained from a 3 day culture of confluent hybridoma cells. It is possible to store the antibody-antigen complexed microtiter plate for more than 2 weeks at 4 C. This makes possible rapid screening of monoclonal antibody. AUMori Y; Seo H; Wakabayashi T; Nagata M; Murata Y; Matsui N; Yamauchi K; Tomita A EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Apr 1985, 32(2) p271-8 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Thyroglobulin MNCulture Media; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Rabbits; Time Factors MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN521-18-6 (Stanolone); 53-41-8 (Androsterone); 53-43-0 (Dehydroepiandrosterone); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 651-48-9 (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004529 TISimultaneous determination of five androgens in early neonatal urine by selected ion monitoring GC-MS using 19-d3 steroids as internal standards. ABAndrogen levels in early neonatal urine were measured by GC-MS using trideuterated steroids at C-19 as internal standards. The deuterated steroid is not only stable in the process of analysis but also behaves chemically the same as the corresponding steroid to be measured so that the reliability in the method of analysis is satisfactory. The following results were obtained by this method: Androsterone levels in early neonatal urines were significantly higher in male than in female on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day, though the levels fell significantly from the 1st to 3rd day. Testosterone values were also higher in male than in female on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day. No sex difference in dehydroepiandrosterone or dihydrotestosterone was observed. The sex difference of the androgen levels indicated a testicular steroidogenesis in male neonates. AUYamaguchi T; Konno K; Kawabe K; Yasuda K; Mori H; Suzuki T; Yanaihara T; Nakayama T EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Apr 1985, 32(2) p279-85 MJAndrogens MNAndrosterone /UR; Dehydroepiandrosterone /AA /UR; Infant, Newborn; Mass Fragmentography; Reference Standards; Stanolone /UR; Testosterone /UR MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (poly(A); 24937-83-5 (Poly A); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 9010-38-2 (Transcortin) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004531 TIHuman transcortin synthesis by a cell-free translation of hepatic mRNA. ABTo evaluate the site of synthesis and to characterize the translated transcortin, poly (A)-containing RNA (mRNA) from human liver was translated in a cell-free system derived from rabbit reticulocyte lysate. The in vitro synthesized product was identified as transcortin by immuno-precipitation with its specific antiserum. This translated transcortin could be displaced from the antibody by unlabeled purified transcortin obtained from plasma. Furthermore, when the translation mixture was applied to a cortisol-Sepharose column, the translated transcortin was bound to the matrix in a specific manner, indicating that this product binds to cortisol. The molecular weight of the translated transcortin was estimated to be 45,700 by its mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, while that of plasma transcortin was 53,800. The difference in molecular weight between the translated transcortin and plasma transcortin was probably due to the presence of pre-sequence (signal peptide) in addition to the absence of carbohydrate moiety in the former. In conclusion, human liver mRNA directed the synthesis of transcortin, and the translated transcortin binds to cortisol in spite of the absence of carbohydrate moiety. AUSueda K; Seo H; Matsui N EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Apr 1985, 32(2) p295-303 MJLiver; RNA, Messenger; Transcortin; Translation, Genetic MNAntibody Specificity; Cell-Free System; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Hydrocortisone /ME; Immunoelectrophoresis; Molecular Weight; Poly A /ME; RNA /ME; Rabbits MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN10043-52-4 (Calcium Chloride); 11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 59-42-7 (Phenylephrine); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 67-42-5 (EGTA); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004533 TIRole of extracellular calcium and calcium efflux in the activation of hepatic glycogenolysis by calcium-dependent hormones. ABThe role of extracellular calcium in the glycogenolytic effects of calcium-dependent hormones was examined in a rat liver perfusion system. Decreasing the perfusate CaCl2 concentration resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of glucose output by maximal concentrations of vasopressin (20 nM) and angiotensin II (10 nM), but not of glucagon (1.4 nM), cyclic AMP (100 microM), dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10 microM) or phenylephrine (5 microM). However, the effect of phenylephrine was inhibited when livers were perfused with CaCl2-free perfusate containing 0.5 mM EGTA in a duration-dependent manner. These effects were exerted through the inhibition of the maximal response of each hormone, and were associated with a parallel decrease in phosphorylase activation but not with changes in tissue cyclic AMP concentrations. When livers were preloaded with 45Ca for 45 min and then washed for either 15 min or 45 min, these hormones elicited a rapid and transient 45Ca efflux regardless of the perfusate calcium concentration. The sequential perfusion of two hormones resulted in the loss of 45Ca efflux by the second hormone. These results suggest that the glycogenolytic effects of vasopressin and angiotensin II depend on the extracellular calcium and that of phenylephrine primarily on the cellular calcium. It was also demonstrated that these calcium-dependent hormones mobilize calcium from the same pools. However, the mobilization of cellular calcium does not necessarily correlate directly with the glycogenolytic actions of vasopressin and angiotensin II. AUKoide Y; Demura N; Kimura S; Kugai N; Yamashita K EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Apr 1985, 32(2) p317-26 MJAngiotensin II; Calcium; Liver Glycogen; Liver; Vasopressins MNAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /ME; Calcium Chloride /PD; EGTA /PD; Glucose /ME; Liver /ME; Perfusion; Phenylephrine /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004535 TIA malignant pheochromocytoma with ileus, polyuria and hypercalcemia: a case of recurrence 17 years after the initial operation. ABA case of malignant pheochromocytoma, with a recurrence 17 years after the initial diagnosis of benign pheochromocytoma, was presented. The autopsy revealed multiple metastases of pheochromocytoma to the bone marrow of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Of particular note is the fact that the patient was associated with paralytic ileus, polyuria and hypercalcemia and that he died of hypercalcemia crisis. Cases like this appear to be very rare. AUBaba T; Machida K; Ozaki I; Okushima T; Murabayashi S; Kamata Y; Imamura K; Takebe K EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Apr 1985, 32(2) p337-45 MJAdrenal Gland Neoplasms; Pheochromocytoma MNAdult; Bone Neoplasms /SC; Hypercalcemia /ET; Intestinal Obstruction /ET; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Norepinephrine /BL; Polyuria /ET MTCase Report; Human; Male RN50-24-8 (Prednisolone); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004536 TIErythrocyte insulin receptor and glucose tolerance test in children treated with prednisolone. ABInsulin receptors of erythrocytes and oral glucose tolerance test (O-GTT) were investigated in sixteen children treated with prednisolone for various diseases. Ten patients (Group 1) received low doses of prednisolone (0.2-0.5 mg/kg body weight/day) and six patients (Group 2) received higher doses of prednisolone (1.5-2.0 mg/kg body weight/day). Compared to the values for controls, the sums of blood glucose (sigma BS) at O-GTT in both group 1 and group 2 patients were significantly elevated. (422 +/- 75 mg/dl, p less than 0.01 Group 1; 419 +/- 39 mg/dl, p less than 0.01 Group 2; 338 +/- 41 mg/dl controls) Significant differences were not observed in the sums of insulin concentration at O-GTT, fasting blood concentration and basal insulin levels among these two groups and the controls. There was a significant increase in the maximum insulin binding in group 2 (9.13 +/- 0.68% in group 2, 7.97 +/- 1.06% in controls, p less than 0.05), but not in group 1 (8.59 +/- 1.82%). There is no significant difference in binding affinity or the number of receptors between any of these two patients' groups and the controls. When patients in group 1 and group 2 were combined, sigma IRI levels were significantly elevated in the patients (p less than 0.05). These results suggested that prednisolone treatment with a smaller dosage as well as with the higher dosage resulted in a carbohydrate intolerance, the main cause of which is located in a postreceptor step (or steps) of insulin action. AUKan H; Fujimoto S; Matsuda I EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Jun 1985, 32(3) p347-53 MJErythrocytes /ME; Insulin; Prednisolone; Receptors, Insulin /ME MNAdolescence; Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid /DT /ME; Child; Erythrocytes /DE; Glucose Tolerance Test; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic /DT /ME; Myasthenia Gravis /DT /ME; Nephrotic Syndrome /DT /ME; Receptors, Insulin /DE; Thrombocytopenia /DT /ME MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004537 TIA case of Cushing's syndrome associated with possible adrenomedullary hyperplasia. ABA 57-year-old male, who had been suffered from hypertension and diabetes mellitus for 10 years, was admitted to the hospital because of thirst, lassitude and muscle wasting. On admission, his urinary excretion of 17-OHCS and plasma cortisol levels were elevated without diurnal variations. Plasma ACTH levels were found to be very low with repeated determinations. Dexamethasone suppression test, 2 mg 4 times a day orally for 2 days, showed no changes in plasma cortisol levels and only a mild reduction in urinary 17-OHCS excretion. Estimation of urinary catecholamines showed an increase only in norepinephrine. Abdominal computerized tomography and radionuclide scanning of adrenal glands with 131I-adosterol demonstrated a well-defined adrenal mass in the left side without apparent changes in the right side. 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy was negative. At surgery, his left adrenal medulla was found to be hypertrophic in addition to the cortical tumor. The left adrenal gland was also removed. After surgery, excretion of urinary catecholamines fell to nearly the normal range and he was discharged without insulin and antihypertensive drugs. Microscopically, the cortical tumor is an adenoma consisting of lipid laden cells and eosinophilic compact cells. Medullary cells were distinctly hyperplastic in appearance and many of the cells were extensively vacuolated, suggesting an active functional status. The present report describes a patient with Cushing's syndrome who showed increased urinary catecholamine excretion due to the possible coexistence of adrenal medullary hyperplasia. As far as we know, this is the first case of Cushing's syndrome with this abnormality. AUKazama Y; Noguchi T; Kawabe T; Shirosu N; Takei K; Kobayashi K; Ueno A; Onaya T EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Jun 1985, 32(3) p355-9 MJAdrenal Medulla; Cushing's Syndrome MNHyperplasia; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male RN29592-76-5 (Iodotyrosine); 66-02-4 (Diiodotyrosine) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004538 TICongenital iodide organification defect accompanied by a large nodular goiter: a case report. ABA girl who had a nontoxic diffuse goiter with a congenital organification defect of iodide was first seen at the age of 8 years, and since then she has been followed up for a long period. The nodularity of the thyroid gland had gradually progressed, because of intermittent failure of ingestion of thyroid hormone preparation which was followed by excess TSH secretion. 18 years later, a nodular goiter developed and the patient underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. In order to prevent the development of nodular change in the thyroid gland in this disorder, supplemental thyroid hormone medication should be started as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed, and the therapy should be carried out regularly. AUNiimi H; Sasaki N; Nakajima H EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Jun 1985, 32(3) p361-7 MJGoiter, Nodular; Iodides; Metabolism, Inborn Errors MNAdult; Diiodotyrosine /ME; Goiter, Nodular /FG /PA; Iodotyrosine /ME; Pedigree MTCase Report; Female; Human RN364-62-5 (Metoclopramide); 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004539 TITwenty-four hour secretory pattern of thyroid-stimulating hormone in hyperprolactinemic women with pituitary microadenoma. ABIn order to determine whether endogenous dopaminergic tone has any role in the diurnal variation in TSH secretion, the 24-h secretory pattern of TSH and the TSH response to a dopamine antagonist, metoclopramide (MCP), were evaluated in normal women (n = 4) and in hyperprolactinemic-amenorrheic women with pituitary microadenoma (n = 6). TSH concentrations expressed as percent deviation from the 24-h mean significantly differed with respect to time of day in normal women and hyperprolactinemic women. They were significantly higher during the night (2000-0700 h) than during the daytime (0800-1900 h). Whereas MCP administration induced no significant changes in serum TSH levels in normal women, it significantly increased serum TSH levels in hyperprolactinemic women. Thus, the diurnal variation in TSH secretion was demonstrated in hyperprolactinemic women with pituitary microadenoma in the face of an increased dopaminergic inhibition of TSH secretion. The present study did not provide evidence that the diurnal pattern of TSH secretion is related to the endogenous dopaminergic tone. AUSeki K; Uesato T; Kato K; Shima K EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Jun 1985, 32(3) p369-73 MJAdenoma; Circadian Rhythm; Hyperprolactinemia; Pituitary Neoplasms; Thyrotropin /SE MNAdult; Metoclopramide /PD; Pituitary Gland, Anterior /DE /PP /SE; Thyrotropin /BL MTComparative Study; Female; Human RN50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 50-22-6 (Corticosterone); 50-24-8 (Prednisolone) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004541 TIProperties of binding of partially purified glucocorticoid receptor from rat liver with glucocorticoids of different biopotencies. ABTo elucidate the relationship between binding parameters and biopotencies of glucocorticoids, we partially purified the receptor from the liver cytosol of rats in a dexamethasone-bound and unactivated form by precipitation with protamine sulfate, gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography (approximately 100-fold) and examined the interaction of the preparation with 3 glucocorticoids of different biopotencies (dexamethasone; Dex, corticosterone; Cort and prednisolone; Pred). The partially purified receptor (PPR) was stable at -20 degrees C for at least 2 months in the presence of bovine serum albumin, glycerol, molybdate and dithiothreitol. Treatment of the PPR with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate liberated the ligands and the treated PPR reassociated 3H-glucocorticoids efficiently following the addition of dithiothreitol. The reassociated PPR was bound to the DNA-cellulose after a brief heating. Metabolic activity on ligands and inactivation of the binding sites in the PPR were insignificant under the conditions used. Kd's were approximately 0.9, approximately 3 and approximately 6 nM for Dex, Cort and Pred, respectively (at 0 degree C). Relative binding affinity of ligands to the PPR which was estimated by competitions was higher in the order of triamcinolone acetonide greater than Dex greater than Cort greater than Pred greater than progesterone greater than cortexolone. Association of Dex and Cort was relatively rapid and significantly accelerated by raising the incubation temperature, while the association of Pred was slower and effects of the temperature was moderate. The rate of dissociations was also varied with ligands. The rate of dissociation of Dex was the lowest among the 3 ligands and was elevated by raising the temperature. Because the effect of temperature was more pronounced in the dissociation than in the association, apparent Ka's decreased at higher temperature. Thermodynamic examinations of glucocorticoid binding in the PPR revealed that the binding reaction proceeds at a higher rate in the order of Dex greater than Cort greater than Pred. Because the relative biopotencies of these 3 glucocorticoids in vivo is higher in the order of Dex greater than Pred greater than Cort, from the results obtained in the present study, it appears that biopotency of glucocorticoids in vivo does not correlate with the affinity of the binding to the receptor estimated in vitro. AUIzawa M; Satoh Y; Yoshida A; Ichii S EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Jun 1985, 32(3) p385-97 MJCorticosterone; Dexamethasone; Liver; Prednisolone; Receptors, Glucocorticoid MNRats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004542 TIBilateral pheochromocytoma associated with papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland; report of an unusual case. ABA 31-year old woman was admitted to our clinic complaining of high blood pressure, dizziness, constipation, mental irritability and weight loss. The physical examination revealed goiter in her neck. The plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine were 3.45 and 0.76 ng/ml, respectively. Urinary excretion of norepinephrine was 1 mg and epinephrine was 32.2 micrograms/24-hours. The examination by radiography and radioactive isotope revealed a tumor in the left adrenal region and another in the left lower lobe of the thyroid. After the operations, pheochromocytoma and papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland were recognized pathologically. However, 17 months later, the recurrence of pheochromocytoma in the contralateral adrenal region was discovered and removed. Although the co-existence of bilateral pheochromocytoma and papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland is not one of multiple endocrine neoplasia, to the best of our knowledge, only 7 such cases have been reported in the published literature. AUYasuda G; Shionoiri H; Hamada K; Umemura S; Hiroto S; Takasaki I; Kaneko Y EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Jun 1985, 32(3) p399-404 MJAdenocarcinoma, Papillary; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Multiple Endocrine; Pheochromocytoma; Thyroid Neoplasms MNAdult MTCase Report; Female; Human RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium); 20830-75-5 (Digoxin); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride); 9088-07-7 (Natriuretic Hormone) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004543 TIEffect of sodium intake on the excretion of urinary natriuretic factor in essential hypertensives. ABA simplified method for the determination of natriuretic factor in the urine as measured by digoxin-like substance was studied. Digoxin-like substance in the urine was estimated by RIA using anti-digoxin antibody after being extracted by reversed phase cartridge column but without gel filtration. The values found by radioimmunoassay (RIA) yielded a significant correlation with those of the inhibitory effect of Na-K-ATPase activity which was measured by biochemical assay as described by Hamlyn et al. Using this RIA method, the effect of salt intake on natriuretic factor in urine was studied in patients with essential hypertension. The natriuretic factor on a high sodium diet (NaCl 20 g/day for three days) increased approximately 1.5 times, as compared to those on a low sodium diet (NaCl 3 g/day) (p less than 0.05). The Natriuretic factor showed a positive correlation with urinary Na excretion (P less than 0.050) when the patients were placed on ad. lib. sodium diet. From these results, it is suggested that secretion of natriuretic factor in the urine might be regulated in part by salt intake. AUMorise T; Miyamori I; Hifumi S; Okamoto S; Ikeda M; Takeda Y; Koshida H; Yasuhara S; Takeda R EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Jun 1985, 32(3) p405-11 MJHypertension; Natriuretic Hormone; Sodium Chloride /PD MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /AI; Aldosterone /UR; Digoxin /IM; Radioimmunoassay; Sodium Chloride /AD; Sodium /UR MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN113-79-1 (Argipressin); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004544 TIDifference in arginine vasopressin responsive cAMP production between apical and basolateral membrane of cultured renal epithelial cells (MDCK). ABIt has been reported that vasopressin (AVP)-sensitive renal epithelial cell line (MDCK) forms morphologically polarized monolayers when cultured on plates. We studied whether the AVP-responsive cAMP production system would be located solely on the basolateral surface of these cells as has already been shown on the renal tubules. We used two methods to overcome the inaccessibility to the basolateral surface of the cultured cell layer and to study the apical and basolateral surfaces separately. One was culture on collagen sheet and the other was on Millipore filters. Our experiments showed that MDCK cell increased adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) content prominently only when vasopressin was accessible to the basolateral surface. Accordingly, MDCK cells were shown to have the AVP-responsive cAMP production system predominantly on the basolateral surface of the cell membrane. AUKinoshita Y; Fukase M; Takenaka M; Nakada M; Fujita T EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Jun 1985, 32(3) p413-20 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Argipressin; Kidney /ME MNCell Line; Dogs; Epithelium /CY /DE /ME; Kidney /CY /DE MTAnimal IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004545 TIClinical usefulness of the (chloride-90)/phosphate ratio for distinguishing primary hyperparathyroidism from hypercalcemia due to other causes. ABIn order to obtain a good separation line between patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (1 degree HPT) and those with non-parathyroidal hypercalcemia (NPHC), serum chloride (Cl) and phosphate (P) concentrations were analyzed. Ninety-nine per cent of the patients with 1 degree HPT had a Cl/P ratio greater than or equal to 33, but 29% of patients with NPHC were also included in this range. When the (Cl-90)/P ratio was used to separate into two groups, 98% of the patients with 1 degree HPT had a ratio greater than or equal to 5.0, and 94% of the patients with NPHC had a ratio less than 5.0. From these results, while high sensitivity was achieved both with the Cl/P and (Cl-90)/P ratios, the (Cl-90)/P ratio provided higher specificity. Therefore we conclude that the (Cl-90)/P ratio was excellent in distinguishing 1 degree HPT from other types of hypercalcemia. AUHigashi K; Morita M; Tajiri J; Sato T; Okazaki K; Arai S EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Jun 1985, 32(3) p421-6 MJChlorides; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Phosphates MNAdult; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Hypercalcemia /ET; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004546 TIExtramedullary plasmacytoma of the thyroid gland producing gamma heavy chain. ABWe encountered a 65-year-old man with gamma heavy chain disease associated with extramedullary plasmacytoma of the thyroid gland. Serum electrophoresis revealed an abnormal fast gamma band that cross-reacted with anti-IgG (Fc gamma) sera immunoelectrophoretically. Intracytoplasmic monoclonal immunoglobulin, IgG (Fc gamma), was demonstrated in thyroid tissue sections using an indirect immunofluorescence method. After surgery, the serum abnormal fast gamma band disappeared. At the time of writing, the patient has survived 18 months post-surgery. AUMatsubayashi S; Tamai H; Suzuki T; Matsuzuka F; Miyauchi A; Kobayashi N; Fukata S; Kuma K; Yanaihara N; Nagataki S EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Jun 1985, 32(3) p427-33 MJHeavy Chain Disease; Plasmacytoma; Thyroid Neoplasms MNAged; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Immunoelectrophoresis; Immunoglobulins, Gamma Chain /IM; Plasmacytoma /IM /PA; Thyroid Neoplasms /IM /PA MTCase Report; Human; Male RN28822-58-4 (1-Methyl-3-Isobutylxanthine); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 66428-89-5 (Forskolin); 6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine) IS0013-7219 LAEnglish JCEG5 SBM UI86004548 TIForskolin stimulation of 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine release from perifused rat thyroids. ABIn a perifusion system in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, forskolin stimulated secretion of not only cAMP but also 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine (T3) from rat thyroid glands. The increases in both cAMP and T3 were dose-dependent at forskolin concentrations of 2.0 X 10(-7)M to 2.0 X 10(-5)M. After perifusion for 4 h, tissue concentrations of cAMP also increased as a result of forskolin treatment. Since forskolin is regarded as a specific activator of the cAMP generating system, this observed forskolin stimulation of T3 secretion from perifused rat thyroid glands indicates that cAMP is involved in regulating thyroid hormone secretion. AUMashita K; Moriwaki K; Shimizu M; Tajima K; Tarui S EM8601 SOEndocrinol Jpn (Japan), Jun 1985, 32(3) p441-5 MJForskolin; Thyroid Gland; Triiodothyronine MN1-Methyl-3-Isobutylxanthine /PD; Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /SE; Perfusion; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Thyroid Gland /SE MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male IS0423-104X LAEnglish JCEHN UI86004549 TIDiurnal variation in carbohydrate tolerance to mixed meal in insulin-dependent diabetic adolescents during continuous intravenous insulin infusion (CIVII). AURewers M; Dmochowski K; Walczak M EM8601 SOEndokrynol Pol (Poland), 1985, 36(1) p1-7 MJBlood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent; Dietary Carbohydrates; Insulin Infusion Systems MNAdolescence; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /DT; Glucose Tolerance Test MTHuman; Male RN364-62-5 (Metoclopramide); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) IS0423-104X LAEnglish JCEHN UI86004550 TIGrowth hormone and prolactin levels in the course of metoclopramide test in headache patients. AUKlimek A EM8601 SOEndokrynol Pol (Poland), 1985, 36(1) p19-27 MJProlactin; Somatotropin; Vascular Headache MNAdolescence; Adult; Metoclopramide /DU; Middle Age; Vascular Headache /ET MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN154-17-6 (Deoxyglucose); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7665-99-8 (Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate) IS0423-104X LAEnglish JCEHN UI86004551 TIThe relation between cyclic nucleotide levels in gastric juice and in blood plasma and blood gastrin in patients with duodenal ulcer following 2-deoxy-D-glucose gastric stimulation test. AUSztefko K; Szafran H; Popiela T; Szmigiel H; Szafran Z EM8601 SOEndokrynol Pol (Poland), 1985, 36(1) p29-37 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Duodenal Ulcer; Gastric Juice; Gastrins; Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate MNAdult; Deoxyglucose /DU; Middle Age; Stimulation, Chemical MTComparative Study; Human; Male RN9004-10-8 (Insulin); 92-13-7 (Pilocarpine) IS0423-104X LAEnglish JCEHN UI86004552 TIThe effect of pilocarpine on the efficiency of isolation and function of Langerhans islets. AUWojcikowski C ; Arendarczyk W; Dominiak K; Gembal M; Boreysza A EM8601 SOEndokrynol Pol (Poland), 1985, 36(1) p39-45 MJInsulin; Islands of Langerhans /TR; Pilocarpine /PD MNDiabetes Mellitus, Experimental /TH; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Islands of Langerhans /SE; Pilocarpine /AD; Premedication; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) IS0423-104X LAPolish JCEHN UI86004554 TI[Circadian rhythm of growth hormone secretion in Turner's syndrome] AUWasko R ; Sobieszczyk S; Kozak A TT[Okolodobowy rytm wydzielania hormonu wzrostu w zespole Turnera.] EM8601 SOEndokrynol Pol (Poland), 1985, 36(1) p9-17 MJSomatotropin; Turner's Syndrome MNAdolescence; Adult; Circadian Rhythm MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human RN10108-64-2 (cadmium chloride); 301-04-2 (lead acetate); 7439-92-1 (Lead); 7440-43-9 (Cadmium); 7440-66-6 (Zinc); 7553-56-2 (Iodine); 7646-85-7 (zinc chloride) IS0423-104X LAPolish JCEHN UI86004555 TI[Effect of subchronic cadmium chloride, lead acetate and zinc chloride poisoning on the thyroid gland in rabbits receiving adequate amounts of iodine] AUJonderko G; Zylka-Wloszczyk M; Slowinska-Primus B ; Szaflarska-Stojko E; Pietrzak J; Polko M TT[Badania wplywu subchronicznego zatrucia chlorkiem kadmu oraz octanem olowiu i chlorkiem cynku na tarczyce u krolikow w warunkach dostatecznej podazy jodu.] EM8601 SOEndokrynol Pol (Poland), 1985, 36(2) p105-14 MJCadmium Poisoning; Iodine; Lead Poisoning; Thyroid Gland; Zinc MNDrug Synergism; Organ Weight /DE; Rabbits; Thyroid Gland /PP; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN31362-50-2 (Bombesin) IS0423-104X LAPolish JCEHN UI86004556 TI[A new loom on the etiopathogenesis of simple obesity--the role of peptide hormones of the digestive tract] AUKrawczuk-Rybakowa M; Urban M TT[Nowe spojrzenie na etiopatogeneze otylosci prostej--rola hormonow peptydowych przewodu pokarmowego.] EM8601 SOEndokrynol Pol (Poland), 1985, 36(2) p115-23 MJDigestive System; Feeding Behavior; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Obesity; Peptides MNBombesin /ME; Hunger; Hypothalamic Area, Lateral /PH; Neuroregulators /PH; Rats MCReview MTAnimal; Human RN1393-25-5 (Secretin); 59392-49-3 (Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide); 9011-97-6 (Cholecystokinin) IS0423-104X LAPolish JCEHN UI86004557 TI[Peptide hormones of the gastrointestinal tract--a field of endocrinology of growing complexity] AUSzafran Z; Szafran H; Sztefko K TT[Hormony peptydowe przewodu pokarmowego--coraz bardziej zlozona dziedzina endokrynologii.] EM8601 SOEndokrynol Pol (Poland), 1985, 36(2) p61-73 MJDigestive System; Gastrointestinal Hormones MNCholecystokinin /PH; Digestion; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide /PH; Gastrins /PH; Receptors, Endogenous Substances /PH; Secretin /PH MCReview MTHuman RN9004-10-8 (Insulin); 9007-12-9 (Calcitonin) IS0423-104X LAPolish JCEHN UI86004558 TI[Effect of acute hypercalcemia and calcitonin on the sensitivity to exogenous insulin] AUGasinska T ; Beldzik A TT[Wplyw ostrej hiperkalcemii i kalcytoniny na wrazliwosc na egzogenna insuline.] EM8601 SOEndokrynol Pol (Poland), 1985, 36(2) p75-83 MJCalcitonin; Hypercalcemia; Insulin Resistance; Insulin MNAcute Disease; Adult; Blood Glucose /AN; Hormones, Synthetic /AD; Infusions, Parenteral; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract; Review MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0423-104X LAPolish JCEHN UI86004559 TI[Birth weight and body length of newborn infants and insulin levels in maternal blood, fetal blood and amniotic fluid during labor] AUBielecka W; Rzempoluch J; Manka W ; Wozniak M ; Zieleniak A; Stobiecki R TT[Urodzeniowa masa i dlugosc ciala noworodka a stezenie insuliny w krwi matki, krwi pepowinowej i wodach plodowych w czasie porodu.] EM8601 SOEndokrynol Pol (Poland), 1985, 36(2) p85-91 MJAmniotic Fluid; Birth Weight; Body Height; Infant, Newborn; Insulin MNFetal Blood /AN; Growth Substances; Labor; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy MCEnglish Abstract; Review MTComparative Study; Female; Human RN24305-27-9 (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) IS0423-104X LAEnglish JCEHN UI86004560 TIIs TRH-induced prolactin secretion in obese women related to adipose tissue accumulation? AUKoworowski JM EM8601 SOEndokrynol Pol (Poland), 1985, 36(2) p93-5 MJAdipose Tissue; Obesity; Prolactin MNAdult; Hormones, Synthetic /PD; Middle Age; Pituitary Gland, Anterior /PP; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone /PD; Thyrotropin /SE MTFemale; Human IS0423-104X LAPolish JCEHN UI86004561 TI[Scintigraphically detected ╥cold╙ nodules in patients of the Thyroid Disease Clinic in Gdansk--a clinical and histomorphological analysis] AUMizan K; Slominski JM ; Strzelecka H; Jarzebowska H; Markuszewska A; Wojsa-Kuziemska K; Snarska J; Wyrwinski J TT[Guzki scyntygraficznie zimne w materiale chorych poradni chorob tarczycy w Gdansku--analiza kliniczno-histopatologiczna.] EM8601 SOEndokrynol Pol (Poland), 1985, 36(2) p97-103 MJThyroid Diseases MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Goiter, Nodular /RI; Hyperthyroidism /RI; Middle Age; Poland; Sex Factors; Thyroid Gland /PA; Thyroid Neoplasms /RI; Thyroiditis /RI MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0175-7571 LAEnglish JCEHU SBM UI86004562 TIRate theoretical analysis of ion-selectivity in membrane channels with elastically bound ligands. ABThis article demonstrates why a gramicidin-like pore features ion-specific conductivity with the sequence Cs+ greater than Rb+ greater than K+ greater than Na+ greater than Li+. The starting point is a generalized transition state method for escape across multi-dimensional barriers. This model-independent procedure provides an adequate description of the transport process for ions along the interior of a channel-like molecule with flexible ligands. Moreover, the proper treatment of three-dimensional motion of ions within the channel allows for a cross-coupling with the ligands' motion. It is shown that the particle migrating along a sequence of binding sites actually corresponds to a polaron, where the individual dwelling times strongly depend on the ion's radius. AUSchroder H EM8601 SOEur Biophys J (Germany, West), 1985, 12(3) p129-42 MJIon Channels MNElasticity; Kinetics; Ligands; Membranes /ME; Metals /ME; Models, Biological; Temperature MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium) IS0175-7571 LAEnglish JCEHU SBM UI86004563 TIProtein lateral distribution in lipid bilayer membranes. Applications to ESR studies. ABWe analyse recent ESR measurements on Ca2+ ATPase and Myelin proteolipid apoprotein reconstituted in phosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes. Our intention is to discover whether the measurements indicate significant protein-protein repulsive or attractive interactions. In order to do so we have studied a model of a lipid bilayer membrane containing transbilayer proteins. It represents the proteins by hexagons moving on a triangular lattice interacting via an energy E0 which can be attractive, repulsive or zero. The last-named represents that all of the Ca2+ ATPase data is best described either by the ╥random╙ model or, possibly, by one in which there is a small repulsive interaction, but not by the ╥annulus╙ model or one in which there is always at least one layer of lipid chains between every pair of proteins. We find that all of the Myelin PLA data is best described by a ╥random╙ distribution of hexamers and not by an ╥annulus╙ model of hexamers. We suggest measurements that can be done in order to unambiguously settle the question of whether these systems are best described by a ╥random╙-type model or an ╥annulus╙-type model. AULaidlaw DJ; Pink DA EM8601 SOEur Biophys J (Germany, West), 1985, 12(3) p143-51 MJLipid Bilayers; Membrane Proteins MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium /ME; Electron Spin Resonance; Lipids /AN; Models, Chemical; Molecular Conformation; Myelin Sheath /ME MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN118-00-3 (Guanosine); 73-40-5 (Guanine); 7782-39-0 (Deuterium); 9007-49-2 (DNA); 902-04-5 (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate) IS0175-7571 LAEnglish JCEHU SBM UI86004564 TINormal coordinate analysis of 5'-dGMP and its deuterated derivatives. A calculated approach to designate the guanine-residue vibration modes in B and Z forms of DNA. ABBy calculations based on the Wilson GF-method and using a valence force field, the vibration modes of 5'-dGMP have been assigned. Good agreement was obtained between the calculated and experimental results corresponding to the Raman and infrared spectra of 5'-dGMP. The calculations can also predict the displacement of infrared bands observed upon selective deuteration on C8 and simultaneously on the C8, N1 and N2 atoms of the guanine ring. In order to preserve the harmonic approximation of the potential field, the redundancy between the internal coordinates is entirely removed using a B X B matrix-product diagonalization procedure. In this treatment the local symmetry of different constituents of the molecule is taken into consideration, thus avoiding extensive linear combinations of internal coordinates. The extension of these calculations to the guanosine-moiety involved in the double helix structures of DNAs allowed us to reproduce a certain number of the characteristic guanine vibration modes altered by the B----Z transitions of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) and d(CG)3.d(CG)3. AUGhomi M; Taillandier E EM8601 SOEur Biophys J (Germany, West), 1985, 12(3) p153-62 MJDNA; Deoxyguanine Nucleotides; Guanine; Nucleic Acid Conformation MNDeuterium; Guanosine /AN; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrum Analysis, Raman RN7439-89-6 (Iron) IS0175-7571 LAEnglish JCEHU SBM UI86004565 TIDetermination of the second order doppler shift of iron in myoglobin by Mossbauer spectroscopy. ABWe have performed Mossbauer absorption experiments on a sample of deoxygenated myoglobin crystals from 5 K to 280 K. With two series of measurements, one with the source and sample at the same temperature and the other with the source always at 298 K, we are able to extract information from the second-order Doppler effect in the sample. Simple models consistent with a description of myoglobin with low lying electronic states which are thermally populated above 40 K indicate that the Debye temperature of myoglobin is 220 K, in agreement with measurements using the Lamb-Mossbauer factor. The second-order Doppler effect is proportional to the square of the velocity of the motion. We are unable to see any indication of protein specific motion from the second-order Doppler effect, thereby indicating that protein specific motions are relatively slow. AUReinisch L; Heidemeier J; Parak F EM8601 SOEur Biophys J (Germany, West), 1985, 12(3) p167-72 MJIron; Myoglobin MNChemistry, Physical; Doppler Effect; Spectrum Analysis; Temperature; Whales MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0175-7571 LAEnglish JCEHU SBM UI86004566 TIOn the dielectrically observable consequences of the diffusional motions of lipids and proteins in membranes. 1. Theory and overview. ABA system consisting of any array of cylindrical, polytopic membrane proteins (or protein complexes) possessed of a permanent dipole moment and immersed in a closed, spherical phospholipid bilayer sheet is considered. It is assumed that rotation of the protein (complex) in a plane normal to the membrane, if occurring, is restricted by viscous drag alone. Lateral diffusion is assumed either to be free and random or to be partially constrained by barriers of an unspecified nature. The dielectric relaxation times calculated for membrane protein rotation in a suspension of vesicles of the above type are much longer than those observed with globular proteins in aqueous solution, and fall in the mid-to-high audio frequency range. If the long range lateral diffusion of (charged) membrane protein complexes is essentially unrestricted, as in the ╥fluid mosaic╙ membrane model, dielectric relaxation times for lateral motions will lie, except in the case of the very smallest vesicles, in the sub-audio (ELF) range. If, in contrast, the lateral diffusion of membrane protein complexes is partially restricted by ╥barriers╙ or ╥long-range╙ interactions (of unspecified nature), significant dielectric dispersions may be expected in both audio- and radio-frequency ranges, the critical (characteristic) frequencies depending upon the average distance moved before a barrier is encountered. Similar analyses are given for rotational and translational motions of phospholipids. At very low frequencies, a dispersion due to vesicle orientation might in principle also be observed; the dielectrically observable extent of this rotation will depend, inter alia, upon the charge mobility and disposition of the membrane protein complexes, as well as, of course, on the viscosity of the aqueous phase. The role of electroosmotic interactions between double layer ions (and water dipoles) and proteins raised above the membrane surface is considered. In some cases, it seems likely that such interactions serve to raise the dielectric increment, relative to that which might otherwise have been expected, of dispersions due to protein motions in membranes. Depending upon the tortuosity of the ion-relaxation pathways, such a relaxation mechanism might lead to almost any characteristic frequency, and, even in the absence of protein/lipid motions, would cause dielectric spectra to be much broader than one might expect from a simple, macroscopic treatment. AUKell DB; Harris CM EM8601 SOEur Biophys J (Germany, West), 1985, 12(4) p181-97 MJMembrane Fluidity; Membrane Lipids; Membrane Proteins MNCell Membrane /PH; Cells /PH; Diffusion; Mathematics; Models, Biological MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN39412-56-1 (phallolysine) IS0175-7571 LAEnglish JCEHU SBM UI86004567 TIPhallolysin. A mushroom toxin, forms proton and voltage gated membrane channels. ABPhallolysin, a water soluble protein of Mr 34,000 produced by the poisonous mushroom Amanita phalloides, causes lysis of various mammalian cell types. Lysis is thought to be initiated by the formation of ion permeable membrane channels. We therefore studied the interaction of phallolysin with solvent-free planar lipid bilayers. In the presence of low phallolysin concentrations (10-100 nM) single channel current fluctuations were observed. Unit channel conductances are 44 pS in 500 mM NaCl and 77 pS in 1 M NaCl. Although the channel does not significantly discriminate between alkali cations, its permeability to Cl- is lower (PK+/PCl- = 4/1). Gating kinetics display a pronounced bursting behavior and a dependence on membrane voltage, cis side pH-value, and on membrane lipid composition. An equivalence relation between membrane voltage and proton concentration was found, i.e. a pH change of one unit is equivalent to a corresponding voltage change of 130 mV. Dependence on the amount of negatively charged lipids is explained by changes of the actual pH due to surface charge effects. AUWilmsen HU; Faulstich H; Eibl H; Boheim G EM8601 SOEur Biophys J (Germany, West), 1985, 12(4) p199-209 MJAmanitins; Cytotoxins; Ion Channels /PH MNElectric Conductivity; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Channels /DE; Lipid Bilayers; Membrane Potentials; Models, Biological; Structure-Activity Relationship MTComparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (seminal plasma proteins) IS0175-7571 LAEnglish JCEHU SBM UI86004568 TIIncorporation of the antimicrobial protein seminalplasmin into lipid bilayer membranes. ABThe interaction between seminalplasmin, an antimicrobial protein from bull semen, and lipid bilayers has been investigated. The fluorescence of the single tryptophan residue of the protein was measured. In the presence of phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidic acid bilayer vesicles the fluorescence maximum was shifted to shorter wavelengths, indicating transfer of the tryptophan to a more apolar environment. Circular dichroism spectra show an increased alpha-helical content for the protein in the presence of lipid. Quenching experiments clearly show the incorporation of the protein with the tryptophan localized near the bilayer surface. The shift of the tryptophan fluorescence emission was used to monitor the lipid phase transition in phosphatidylcholine membranes. AUGalla HJ; Warncke M; Scheit KH EM8601 SOEur Biophys J (Germany, West), 1985, 12(4) p211-6 MJLipid Bilayers; Proteins /ME MNCattle; Circular Dichroism; Protein Conformation; Proteins /IP; Semen; Spectrometry, Fluorescence MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0175-7571 LAEnglish JCEHU SBM UI86004569 TIUltrasonic absorption studies of protein-buffer interactions. Determination of equilibrium parameters of titratable groups. ABThe acoustic absorption of protein solutions in the presence of phosphate and other buffering ions has been studied in the physiological pH range. Buffers containing hydroxyl residues as titratable groups cause a pronounced increase of protein sound absorption, which is attributed to relaxation processes of proton transfer reactions between buffer ions and accessible imidazole and alpha-amino groups of the protein surface. Amino group based buffers like Good's buffers do not induce additional sound absorption. Measurement of the ultrasonic absorption as a function of pH and of buffer concentration, and corresponding parameter fitting of the equation describing proton transfer relaxation processes has been used to evaluate equilibrium parameters. For the imidazole group of the amino acid histidine a pK value of 6.22 and for the imidazole group of the protein lysozyme a pK value of 5.71 have been determined. In hemoglobin the ligand-linked pK changes have been monitored by recording ultrasonic titration curves. AUJurgens KD ; Baumann R EM8601 SOEur Biophys J (Germany, West), 1985, 12(4) p217-22 MJHemoglobins MNBuffers; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mathematics; Oxyhemoglobins /ME; Ultrasonics MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-17-7 (Rubidium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0175-7571 LAEnglish JCEHU SBM UI86004570 TIGeneration of plasma membrane potential by the Na+-pump coupled to proton extrusion. ABLettre cells maintain a plasma membrane potential near -60 mV, yet are scarcely depolarized by 80 mM Rb+ and are relatively impermeable to 86Rb+. They are depolarized by ouabain without a concomitant change in intracellular cation content. Addition of K+ to cells suspended in a K+ free medium, or of Na+ to cells in a Na+ free medium, hyperpolarizes the cells. They contain electroneutral transport mechanisms for Na+, K+ and H+ which can function as Na+:K+ and Na+:H+ exchanges. It is concluded that plasma membrane potential of Lettre cells, in steady-state for Na+ and K+, is produced by an electrogenic Na+ pump sustained by electroneutral exchanges, and restricted by anion leakage. AUBashford CL; Pasternak CA EM8601 SOEur Biophys J (Germany, West), 1985, 12(4) p229-35 MJCell Membrane; Ion Channels; Sodium MNCarcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor /PP; Cell Membrane Permeability; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lymphocytes /PH; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Models, Biological; Rubidium /ME MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN28822-58-4 (1-Methyl-3-Isobutylxanthine); 362-74-3 (Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP); 53-79-2 (Puromycin); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0743-5800 LAEnglish JCEIH SBM UI86004574 TIBiphasic progesterone synthesis by the hamster preovulatory follicle in vitro. ABIn vitro time course studies of progesterone and protein synthesis by hamster preovulatory follicles (harvested prior to the proestrous gonadotropin surge) were done. LH appears to stimulate progesterone synthesis in 2 phases. The first phase lasts 0 to 4 or 5 hr and is not inhibited by either puromycin or cycloheximide. The second phase (apparent by 4-5 hr) is distinguished from the first phase by its inhibition by puromycin and cycloheximide, and by the differential dose response of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the respective 2 phases. Incorporation of a H-labelled mixture of amino acids into protein is not seen in LH-stimulated follicles in 2 hr incubations but is apparent by 4 hr. The LH-stimulated protein synthesis is inhibited by puromycin. The results indicate that although LH stimulates both phases of progesterone synthesis, the mechanisms may be different for each phase. AUMakris A; Ryan K EM8601 IDRO1 DH14709-O1A1 SOEndocr Res (United States), 1985, 11(1-2) p1-15 MJGraafian Follicle; Ovulation; Progesterone MN1-Methyl-3-Isobutylxanthine /PD; Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /PH; Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP /PD; Hamsters; LH /PD; Proteins /BI; Puromycin /PD; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0743-5800 LAEnglish JCEIH SBM UI86004575 TIInsulin resistance in chronic renal failure. AUMcCaleb ML; Wish JB; Lockwood DH EM8601 IDAM20129 SOEndocr Res (United States), 1985, 11(1-2) p113-25 MJInsulin Resistance; Kidney Failure, Chronic MNAdipose Tissue /ME; Blood Proteins /IP; Glucose /ME; Insulin /ME; Molecular Weight; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins /ME; Rats; Uremia /PP MTAnimal; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0743-5800 LAEnglish JCEIH SBM UI86004579 TILiposomal cholesterol binding to steroid-free cytochrome P450scc: effects of fatty acyl and head groups in phospholipids. ABThe effects of fatty acyl substituents and head groups of phospholipids on the liposomal cholesterol transfer to steroid-free cytochrome P450scc were examined as a model system for ACTH-enhanced availability of cholesterol to the cytochrome in the inner membrane of adrenal cortex mitochondria. It was implicated that using a variety of saturated and unsaturated phospholipids fatty acyl groups play an important role in the transfer reaction. AUHsu DK; Huang YY; Kimura T EM8601 IDAM-21713 SOEndocr Res (United States), 1985, 11(1-2) p45-58 MJCholesterol; Cytochrome P-450; Phospholipids MNCardiolipins; Fatty Acids; Liposomes; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylinositols; Sphingomyelins; Structure-Activity Relationship MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN24305-27-9 (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone); 50-56-6 (Oxytocin); 9002-67-9 (LH); 9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0743-5800 LAEnglish JCEIH SBM UI86004581 TIThyrotropin and gonadotropin releasing hormones (TRH and GnRH) do not alter levels of oxytocin and oxytocin does not change the response of luteinizing or follicle stimulating hormones to GnRH in humans. ABFour hundred micrograms of synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were given intravenously to 4 normal men and 4 normal women, and four weeks later, 1000 micrograms of TRH were administered intravenously to 4 of the 8 individuals and oxytocin (OT) was measured in plasma on both occasions. Following injection of either dose of TRH, OT did not change significantly from baseline. Likewise, synthetic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), 100 micrograms, administered intravenously to 6 normal men did not alter the levels of OT from baseline. Synthetic OT, 300 mU/minute, administered 30 minutes before and for 90 minutes after injection of GnRH, was without effect on the GnRH-induced rise of luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in normal men. We conclude that continuous infusion of OT in pharmacologic concentrations does not alter the pituitary release of LH or FSH in response to GnRH in humans. TRH and GnRH given intravenously do not alter basal levels of OT in the plasma of humans, thus a physiologic role for GnRH or TRH in the neuroendocrine control of OT secretion in humans is unlikely. AUAmico JA; Johnston JM EM8601 IDRR-0056; AM-07052 SOEndocr Res (United States), 1985, 11(1-2) p75-85 MJFSH; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone; LH; Oxytocin; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone MNAdult; Oxytocin /PD; Pituitary Gland, Anterior /DE /SE MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9004-10-8 (Insulin); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon); 9015-71-8 (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone) IS0743-5800 LAEnglish JCEIH SBM UI86004582 TICorticotropin-releasing factor: its action on the islets of Langerhans. ABSynthetic rat and ovine CRF were tested in an in vitro isolated pancreatic islet system for their ability to influence insulin and glucagon release. Acute exposure of islets to both rat and ovine CRF resulted in a significant increase in glucagon release but only over a narrow range of concentration (50-200 pg/ml). Neither peptide had a significant effect on insulin release. Our results raise the possibility that release of glucagon may be stimulated by CRF as part of the overall response to stress. AUMoltz JH; Fawcett CP EM8601 IDAM 21163 SOEndocr Res (United States), 1985, 11(1-2) p87-93 MJCorticotropin Releasing Hormone; Glucagon; Insulin; Islands of Langerhans MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Islands of Langerhans /SE; Rats; Secretory Rate /DE; Tissue Culture MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); 11028-71-0 (Concanavalin A); 128-53-0 (Ethylmaleimide); 154-17-6 (Deoxyglucose); 50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0743-5800 LAEnglish JCEIH SBM UI86004583 TIPhospholipid-induced inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated adipocytes: interactions of phospholipids with inhibitors of glucose transport and insulinmimetic agents. ABUpon interaction with phospholipid vesicles containing phosphatidylserine, isolated rat adipocytes demonstrate an inhibition of insulin-stimulated hexose uptake. In order to elucidate the mechanism of this effect, adipocytes were treated with agents, alone or in combination with vesicles, which affected the insulin-sensitive response at the receptor and post-receptor level. The effect of vesicles at a maximal inhibitory concentration proved to be non-additive with dexamethasone, suggesting that vesicles may act in a manner similar to this agent. In contrast, fat cells treated with vesicles and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) or trypsin at submaximally effective concentrations demonstrate a partially additive inhibition of insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake. Vesicle treatment of adipocytes before stimulation with agents which mimic insulin, such as Con A and H2O2, demonstrates the same effects as insulin with respect to hexose uptake. These results support the contention that vesicles inhibit insulin action at least partially at the post-receptor level, and may directly interfere with the hexose transport site. AUSandra A; Fyler DJ; Marshall SJ EM8601 IDAM25295; AM27744 SOEndocr Res (United States), 1985, 11(1-2) p95-111 MJAdipose Tissue; Glucose; Insulin; Phospholipids MNAdipose Tissue /ME; Cells, Cultured; Concanavalin A /PD; Deoxyglucose /ME; Dexamethasone /PD; Ethylmaleimide /PD; Hydrogen Peroxide /PD; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins /ME; Rats; Trypsin /DU MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.1.1.27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase); 23291-96-5 (monocrotaline pyrrole); 68-12-2 (Dimethylformamide) IS0190-2148 LAEnglish JCEIR SBM UI86004584 TIInjury to the isolated, perfused lung by exposure in vitro to monocrotaline pyrrole. ABMonocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP) is a reactive metabolite of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline. It causes pulmonary lesions associated with pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. Conditions of exposure to MCTP that result in early lung injury were examined in isolated rat lungs perfused with buffered medium containing 4% bovine serum albumin. When a high, acutely lethal dose (8.1 mg) of chemically synthesized MCTP was added to the 50-ml perfusion medium reservoir, no effects on the perfused lung occurred. However, when the same quantity of MCTP was injected directly into the pulmonary arterial (PA) cannula, the lungs accumulated considerable fluid within 1 h, and this was accompanied by elevated perfusion pressure and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the perfusion medium. A lower dose (1.2 mg) of MCTP that is pulmonary hypertensive in vivo also produced edema and elevated perfusion pressure when injected into the PA cannula. Removal of perfused 5-hydroxytryptamine, a function of pulmonary endothelium, was unaltered compared to vehicle-treated control lungs, as was perfusate LDH activity. These results indicate that injury to isolated lungs occurs soon after direct exposure to MCTP, even at a moderate dose that produces primarily delayed effects in vivo. AUHilliker KS; Roth RA EM8601 IDES02581 SOExp Lung Res (United States), 1985, 8(4) p201-12 MJLung; Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids /TO MNDimethylformamide /PD; Lactate Dehydrogenase /ME; Lung /EN; Perfusion; Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids /AD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.4.- (Lysyl Oxidase); 112-24-3 (Triethylenetetramine); 52-67-5 (Penicillamine); 7440-50-8 (Copper); 9007-34-5 (Collagen); 9007-58-3 (Elastin) IS0190-2148 LAEnglish JCEIR SBM UI86004586 TIElastin metabolism during perinatal lung development in the copper-deficient rat. ABMetal-chelating drugs were employed to investigate the role of copper (Cu) in elastin metabolism during the period of alveolarization in rat lung. Six groups of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of six semipurified diets, i.e., sufficient or deficient in copper, or the same basal diet containing 0.2% or 0.4% D-penicillamine (DPA), or the same basal diet containing 0.2% or 0.4% triethylenetetramine (TETA). The dams were fed throughout gestation, parturition, and lactation. The pups were then killed postnatally at day 10 and day 21 for the various analyses. At day 21, liver copper in the Cu-deficient pups was 3-5% control levels. In drug-treated groups, liver copper was 16-30% control levels. In the 21-day-old Cu-deficient rats, the concentration of lung elastin was only 75% of its concentration in control. Lung lysyl oxidase activity was lower in Cu-deficient rats, and data for the relative distribution of lung elastin cross-linking amino acids indicated impaired cross-linking in the pups from both the Cu-deficient and the 0.4% DPA groups. Morphologic examination of the lung also indicated dilation of airways in these two groups. Data on the distribution of cross-linking amino acids in elastin samples were also consistent with previous suggestions that impaired cross-linking observed in copper deficiency or from DPA treatment results from different mechanisms. Since the intakes of DPA and TETA were chosen to be in the therapeutic range of intakes used to treat diseases of abnormal copper metabolism, an important feature of these studies is that DPA and perhaps TETA have the potential of impairing normal lung development. AUDubick MA; Keen CL; Rucker RB EM8601 IDHL-02355; HL-15965 SOExp Lung Res (United States), 1985, 8(4) p227-41 MJAnimals, Newborn; Copper; Elastin; Lung /ME MNCollagen /ME; Copper /PD; Liver /ME; Lung /AH /EN; Lysyl Oxidase /ME; Penicillamine /PD; Pregnancy; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Triethylenetetramine /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); 630-44-4 (SQ 20,811); 86-88-4 (alpha-naphthyl thiourea); 9041-90-1 (Angiotensin I) IS0190-2148 LAEnglish JCEIR SBM UI86004587 TIStudies on the mechanism of decreased angiotensin I conversion in rat lungs injured with alpha-naphthylthiourea. ABLung endothelial cell injury may be an important early event in the pathogenesis of increased permeability pulmonary edema. Since angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is located on the luminal surface of the endothelial cell membrane, we sought to determine whether the conversion of angiotensin I (AI) to angiotensin II is decreased after acute lung injury to rats, induced by alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU), and we investigated the mechanism of the decrease. We found that lungs isolated from rats treated 4 h earlier with ANTU at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight (BW) had decreased AI conversion when perfused with Krebs-Henseleit at a constant flow rate of 30 ml/min/kg BW. When perfusate flow rate was increased from 30 to 50 ml/min/kg BW, lungs isolated from rats treated with 10 mg/kg BW ANTU also had decreased AI conversion when compared to controls treated with a vehicle, Tween 80. Investigating the mechanism of decreased AI conversion, there were no differences among experimental groups in pulmonary arterial pressures or effluent perfusate pH or pO2. There was no correlation between lung wet/dry weight ratios and the extent of AI conversion among control rat lungs. Lung homogenate and serum ACE activity did not differ among control rats and rats pretreated with the two doses of ANTU. Ultrastructural studies revealed an increased percentage of capillaries with blebbing of endothelial cells in lungs injured with ANTU, as compared to controls, but no evidence of increased endothelial cell denudation in injured lungs. We conclude that angiotensin I conversion is decreased after ANTU lung injury and that the extent of decrease is related to the dose of ANTU and to perfusate flow rate. Although we cannot exclude decreased vascular surface area perfused as a cause of decreased conversion, we speculate that subtle changes in the luminal endothelial cell membrane may have caused decreased AI conversion after ANTU lung injury. AUO'Brien RF; Makarski JS; Rounds S EM8601 IDHL-06391 SOExp Lung Res (United States), 1985, 8(4) p243-59 MJAngiotensin I; Angiotensins; Kininase II; Lung; Thiourea MNEndothelium /DE /EN /ME /PA; Lung /EN /ME /PA; Polysorbates /PD; Pregnenediones /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Thiourea /AD /TO MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-89-5 (Thymidine) IS0190-2148 LAEnglish JCEIR SBM UI86004588 TIEpithelial-mesenchymal interactions in postnatal rat lung growth. ABEpithelial-mesenchymal interactions have been implicated in epithelial cell differentiation in fetal lung. The role of such intercellular communication during postnatal lung growth is now evaluated to correlate intercellular contacts with cell division and with biochemical function of epithelial and interstitial cells. Sexed newborn rats, killed at frequent intervals to 8 weeks, received 3H-thymidine 1 h before death. A period of rapid cell proliferation between 3 and 10 days involved a five-fold increase in labeling index of both interstitial and type 2 epithelial cells. Hydroxyproline levels increased rapidly as interstitial cell division slowed, and epithelial growth was associated with elevated levels of disaturated phosphatidylcholine. Compared to the time of birth when epithelial cell division was slow, continuous basement membrane (BM) was more frequently found beneath type 2 cells during the postnatal proliferative phase, and fewer foot processes (FP) penetrated the BM; type 1 cells had few FP and uninterrupted BM. The number of intercellular contacts between type 2 cells and interstitial cells, one per two epithelial cell profiles at birth, decreased rapidly during the postnatal proliferative phase. There was a subsequent increase between 2 and 4 weeks that may reflect postmitotic epithelial differentiation. These observations support the hypothesis that transfer of mesenchymal factors may be important in the control of pulmonary epithelial growth and differentiation. The low incidence of cell-cell contacts seen after 4 weeks, one per five epithelial cell profiles, may reflect base levels of communication necessary to retain type 2 cell function in a resting cell population. AUAdamson IY; King GM EM8601 SOExp Lung Res (United States), 1985, 8(4) p261-74 MJAnimals, Newborn; Lung MNAutoradiography; Cell Communication; Cell Differentiation; Epithelium /ME /UL; Lung /ME /UL; Microscopy, Electron; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Thymidine /ME MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9005-79-2 (Glycogen) IS0190-2148 LAEnglish JCEIR SBM UI86004589 TIThe ultrastructural study of glycogen and lamellar bodies in the development of fetal monkey lung. ABDeveloping fetal monkey lung tissues were studied at the gestational period of 135-145 days. In general, glycogen is distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the type II pneumocytes at this gestational period. It is of interest that we found a structural relationship between glycogen particles and lamellar body formation in the type II pneumocytes. The glycogen particles were found inside the electron-dense pre-granules and the immature lamellar bodies. Some of the fully matured lamellar bodies also contained glycogen. This phenomenon has not been observed previously, and it supports the evidence that there is a close and direct structural relationship between glycogen and the development of lamellar bodies at this stage of lung development in the type II pneumocytes. AUChi EY EM8601 IDHL19187 SOExp Lung Res (United States), 1985, 8(4) p275-89 MJCellular Inclusions; Fetal Development; Glycogen; Lung MNGestational Age; Lung /ME /UL; Macaca nemestrina; Microscopy, Electron MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0013-9580 LAEnglish JCEIX SBM UI86004590 TIHemispheric prevalence changes in partial epileptic patients on perceptual and attentional tasks. ABIn relation to the general issue of the long-term effects of epileptic activity on the higher nervous functions, monohemispheric epileptic patients--divided into ╥lesional╙ [i.e., with computed tomography (CT) scan-visible lesions] and ╥nonlesional╙ (i.e., with CT scan-nonvisible lesions)--were submitted to dichotic verbal and tonal tasks, dichoptic verbal and spatial tasks, and a visual tachistoscopic attentional task. The aim was to investigate whether the typical patterns of hemispheric prevalence, which were observed in normal subjects by using these tests, undergo significant changes in epileptic patients. The findings versus normal subjects seem to demonstrate that (a) in lesional epileptic patients, the prevalence of the hemisphere without macroscopic lesions is a constant rule, whether or not this hemisphere is prevalent in normal subjects; (b) in nonlesional epileptic patients, the patterns are the following: when the epileptic hemisphere is the one that is prevalent in normal subjects, its prevalence is enhanced, whichever the hemisphere; when the epileptic hemisphere is not the hemisphere prevalent in normal subjects, the left one attracts and maintains prevalence, whereas the right one reduces and variously interferes with contralateral prevalence. It is concluded that, with respect to the functions tested, the nature of the epileptic foci seems to influence markedly the interhemispheric prevalence pattern. AUMazzucchi A; Visintini D; Magnani G; Cattelani R; Parma M EM8601 SOEpilepsia (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 26(5) p379-90 MJAttention; Epilepsy, Focal /PX; Laterality; Perception MNAdult; Anticonvulsants /PD; Auditory Perception; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Focal /PP; Space Perception; Visual Perception MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0013-9580 LAEnglish JCEIX SBM UI86004591 TIEpidemiology of epilepsy in urban areas of the People's Republic of China. ABTo determine the prevalence of major neurologic disorders, a door-to-door survey was conducted in six cities of the People's Republic of China during 1983 in a well-defined population of 63,195. The survey included a complete census and a screening interview together with an examination having high sensitivity for detecting individuals with frequently occurring neurologic disorders, including epilepsy. All individuals with responses or findings suggesting neurologic disease were examined by senior neurologists using standardized diagnostic criteria. There was 100% cooperation among the study subjects. Two hundred eighty-nine individuals alive on prevalence day (January 1, 1983) were identified as having epilepsy, yielding a lifetime age-adjusted (to the 1960 U.S. population) point prevalence ratio of 4.4/1,000. There were 16 people who developed epilepsy in the sample population during 1982, providing an age-adjusted incidence rate of 35/100,000 per year. The most frequent type identified was generalized convulsive seizures. Brain injury, intracranial infection, and cerebrovascular disease, in that order, were the leading putative causes of epilepsy. AULi SC; Schoenberg BS; Wang CC; Cheng XM; Zhou SS; Bolis CL EM8601 SOEpilepsia (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 26(5) p391-4 MJEpilepsy; Urban Population MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; China; Electroencephalography; Infant; Middle Age; Seizures /OC MTFemale; Human; Male IS0013-9580 LAEnglish JCEIX SBM UI86004592 TINeuropsychological abilities of children with epilepsy. ABOne hundred eighteen epileptic children, aged 6-15 years, underwent detailed neuropsychological testing including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised and the age-appropriate Halstead-Reitan battery. Eight had classical absence seizures only, eight had classic absence seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, 30 had generalized tonic-clonic seizures only, 31 had partial seizures only, 20 had partial seizures and generalized seizures, 15 had atypical absence seizures, and five had minor motor seizures. A control group of 100 children without seizures, matched to the general population for intelligence and matched to the seizure cases for age, underwent identical testing. The Wechsler full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) of cases was significantly (p = 0.01) lower than that of controls and was related to seizure type. Children with minor motor or atypical absence seizures had the lowest average FSIQ (70 and 74, respectively). All seizure types were associated with below-control intelligence except classic absence only. Intelligence was also correlated with degree of seizure control. A highly significant inverse correlation between years with seizures and intelligence was found (p less than 0.0001). A rating of neuropsychological impairment, derived from all measures of brain function, was assigned to each child. Epileptic children had significantly more impairment than controls (p less than 0.0001). Children with seizures had been placed in special education or had repeated a grade in school almost twice as frequently as controls (p less than 0.001). Even though often placed in a class of younger children, their academic achievement was behind grade placement more often than in controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUFarwell JR; Dodrill CB; Batzel LW EM8601 IDNS-17277; NS-17111 SOEpilepsia (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 26(5) p395-400 MJEpilepsy /PX MNAdolescence; Child; Epilepsy /PP; Intelligence; Neuropsychological Tests; Seizures /PP /PX; Wechsler Scales MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0013-9580 LAEnglish JCEIX SBM UI86004593 TIThe axial spasm--the predominant type of drop seizure in patients with secondary generalized epilepsy. ABIn 45 patients suffering from secondary generalized epilepsy, we have recorded 239 drop seizures both by radio-telemetered EEG/split-screen video taping and polygraphically. Twenty of these patients had pure tonic drop seizures. Nine patients each had myoclonic-atonic or pure atonic seizures, whereas seven had slow falls that occurred during gradually developing tonic or akinetic seizures. We term the pure tonic drop seizure ╥axial spasm.╙ It consists of a uniform pattern of movement lasting from 0.5 to 0.8 s and leading to a specific bearing characterized by a moderate flexion of the hips, the upper trunk, and the head. The arms are almost always involved being abducted, elevated and in a semiflexed position. A fall is provoked by the rapidity and violence of the flexion in the hips. The spasms can occur independently (pure axial spasm) or in connection with other seizure manifestations (combined axial spasm). In pure spasms, no disturbance of consciousness and no significant EEG changes--apart from a slight attentuation--are seen. In the combined axial spasms, distinct epileptic phenomena, in close connection with the axial spasms, can be observed, appearing either in the postspasm phase or in both the pre- and the afterphases. The prephase consists always of an absence and spike-and-wave activity. The onset of the spasm coincides with the last generalized spike, which is followed by a biphasic high-voltage slow wave. In the afterphases, various seizure patterns can be seen; quite characteristic are arrest states during which the patients are completely immobile and take up a postural-like or athetoid position. Almost as frequent are absences or absence-like states and tonic seizures. The afterphase can be compounded by two or three of these seizure patterns, the most common sequence of events in these cases being tonic--arrest state--absence. From the clinical and neurophysiological points of view, axial spasms can be regarded as a more mature form of infantile spasms. Clinical and experimental findings suppose a brainstem origin. AUEgli M; Mothersill I; O'Kane M; O'Kane F EM8601 SOEpilepsia (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 26(5) p401-15 MJEpilepsy; Spasm MNAdolescence; Adult; Brain /PP; Child, Preschool; Child; Electroencephalography; Movement MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-41-0 (Phenytoin) IS0013-9580 LAEnglish JCEIX SBM UI86004594 TIClinical and electrophysiologic evaluation of peripheral nerve function in chronic phenytoin therapy. ABAnalysis of covariance was employed to explore possible correlations among duration of phenytoin therapy, phenytoin and folate serum concentrations, and clinical and electrophysiologic findings in 32 patients receiving single phenytoin therapy. None of our patients volunteered peripheral nervous system complaints. On examination, 9 of 32 (28%) were found to have signs suggestive of neuropathy (absent knee and/or ankle jerks). Neither phenytoin serum concentration nor duration of phenytoin therapy was found to significantly (p greater than 0.05) affect nerve function after an adjustment for age differences. A test for overall effect of folate serum concentration (grouped greater than or equal to 5 or less than 5 ng/ml) also failed to reach statistical significance (p greater than 0.05). Our findings suggest that phenytoin and folate serum concentrations and duration of phenytoin therapy do not have an important role in the development of clinical neuropathy and electrophysiologic abnormalities. AUTaylor JW; Murphy MJ; Rivey MP EM8601 SOEpilepsia (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 26(5) p416-20 MJEpilepsy; Peripheral Nerve Diseases; Phenytoin MNAdult; Aged; Electrophysiology; Folic Acid Deficiency /CO; Middle Age; Peripheral Nerve Diseases /PP; Phenytoin /BL /TU MTHuman RN298-57-7 (Cinnarizine); 52468-60-7 (flunarizine) IS0013-9580 LAEnglish JCEIX SBM UI86004596 TIOpen dose-ranging trial of flunarizine as add-on therapy in epilepsy. ABA double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial of flunarizine as add-on treatment in therapy-resistant epilepsy offered significant evidence of efficacy, but the plasma levels of flunarizine were lower than anticipated, probably due to induction of liver enzymes by comedication. An open dose-ranging trial was therefore undertaken to investigate the relationships among dose, efficacy, side effects, and blood level. With basal medication held constant, flunarizine was added at 3-month intervals in increasing doses of 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg daily, or until side effects occurred or marked seizure reduction was obtained. Forty-seven patients completed the trial; all were adults with therapy-resistant epilepsy who had at least 3 seizures per month. All had complex partial seizures, with additional types in 20. Sixteen patients showed a 50% and 24 a 25% reduction of seizure incidence on flunarizine; 6 and 7, respectively, showed a corresponding increase. The greatest seizure reduction, when observed, occurred generally at a daily dose of 15-20 mg. Side effects, chiefly drowsiness and weight gain, increased markedly between 15 and 20 mg daily. Flunarizine administration produced no change in serum levels of comedication, but flunarizine levels were lower in patients taking more than one other drug. Seizure reduction was obtained most consistently in patients with secondary generalized epilepsy or neurologic deficits. The findings confirm the antiepileptic action of flunarizine in humans and justify further trials. AUBinnie CD; de Beukelaar F; Meijer JW; Meinardi H; Overweg J; Wauquier A; van Wieringen A EM8601 SOEpilepsia (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 26(5) p424-8 MJCinnarizine; Epilepsy MNAdolescence; Adult; Cinnarizine /AE /BL /TU; Clinical Trials; Middle Age MTHuman RN298-46-4 (Carbamazepine) IS0013-9580 LAEnglish JCEIX SBM UI86004597 TIRelative bioavailability of rectally administered carbamazepine suspension in humans. ABThe relative bioavailability of an investigational carbamazepine suspension was studied following rectal administration in human volunteers. Carbamazepine, in doses of approximately 6 mg/kg, was given to nine men. The routes of administration were oral tablet, oral suspension, and rectal suspension. There was no significant difference (p greater than 0.05) in total absorption, maximum serum concentration, and time to achieve maximum serum concentration between the orally-administered tablet and the rectally administered suspension. Orally administered suspension was absorbed more quickly and completely. All volunteers complained of a strong defecatory urge after the suspension was given rectally. The slow absorption after rectal administration precludes the use of this route in status epilepticus; however, it may be a satisfactory alternative for maintenance therapy when administration by the oral route is not possible. AUGraves NM; Kriel RL; Jones-Saete C; Cloyd JC EM8601 SOEpilepsia (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 26(5) p429-33 MJCarbamazepine /ME MNAdult; Anticonvulsants /AD /ME; Biological Availability; Carbamazepine /AD; Rectum; Suspensions MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-41-0 (Phenytoin); 68-19-9 (Vitamin B 12) IS0013-9580 LAEnglish JCEIX SBM UI86004598 TIAntiepileptic therapy, folate deficiency, and psychiatric morbidity: a general practice survey. ABThe effect of anticonvulsant drugs on folate metabolism and mental symptoms has been investigated extensively in hospital-based studies, but never before in the community or general practice setting. Blood count, serum vitamin B12, red blood cell (RBC), and serum folate were measured in a sample of 82 adult epileptic patients drawn from 5 group practices (14 general practitioners) in southeast London. All patients were receiving antiepileptic medication at the time of examination and were interviewed with a standardized measure of psychopathology. Serum folate values below the lower limit of the normal range (3-15 micrograms/L) were obtained in 9 (10.9%) subjects, and in 50 (60.9%) patients, serum folate concentrations were less than the mean (6.02 micrograms/L) for the whole sample. Macrocytosis was detected in 20 (24.3%) patients. RBC and serum folate levels were significantly correlated with one another, but not with vitamin B12 concentrations. Levels of RBC and serum folate were significantly lower in patients on polytherapy (n = 40) than in those on monotherapy (n = 42); the folate concentrations were also significantly lower in the group with psychiatric morbidity. The association between folate deficiency and affective morbidity was demonstrated for depression but not for anxiety. There was no relationship between serum vitamin B12 and psychiatric disturbance. These findings are discussed in the light of relevant literature regarding the mechanism of action of anticonvulsant drugs in folate depletion and the neuropsychiatric sequelae. AUEdeh J; Toone BK EM8601 SOEpilepsia (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 26(5) p434-40 MJFolic Acid Deficiency; Mental Disorders /ET; Phenytoin /TU MNAdolescence; Epilepsy /BL /DT; Erythrocyte Indices; Mental Disorders /BL; Phenytoin /AD /AE; Vitamin B 12 /BL MTHuman IS0013-9580 LAEnglish JCEIX SBM UI86004599 TIPattern-reversal VEP and cortical SEP latency prolongations in epilepsy. ABTwenty ambulatory outpatients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures with primary generalized discharges and photoconvulsive response on electroencephalogram (EEG) and 11 ambulatory outpatients with partial complex seizures with or without secondary generalization were studied with pattern-reversal light-emitting diode (LED) stimulator visual evoked potential (VEPs) and short-latency median nerve cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). The patients with primary generalized epilepsy had significantly prolonged latencies of VEP components P2 and N3 and SEP component P22. The patients with partial epilepsy had significantly prolonged latency of VEP component N3. It is concluded that both functional and structural factors may cause a slowing of central impulse conduction. AUMervaala E; Keranen T ; Penttila M ; Partanen JV; Riekkinen P EM8601 SOEpilepsia (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 26(5) p441-5 MJEpilepsy; Evoked Potentials, Visual MNAdolescence; Adult; Epilepsy, Myoclonus /PP; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe /PP; Middle Age; Pattern Recognition, Visual MTFemale; Human; Male IS0013-9580 LAEnglish JCEIX SBM UI86004601 TINeuron density in the molecular layer of the frontal cortex in primary generalized epilepsy. ABDevelopmental disturbance of the brain as a factor in the causation of epilepsies has been suspected for a long time. An increase of nerve cells in the stratum moleculare, which is qualitatively observed in primary generalized epilepsy, is thought to be an indicator for slight maldevelopment. In this morphometric study, the neuron density of layer I in the frontal lobe in primary generalized epilepsy is measured. Compared with age-matched controls, the neuron density in primary generalized epilepsy is significantly increased. Thus, neuron density could be a significant index for the disturbance of regional maturation of the cortex. AUMeencke HJ EM8601 SOEpilepsia (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 26(5) p450-4 MJEpilepsy; Frontal Lobe MNAdolescence; Adult; Middle Age; Neurons /PA MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-41-0 (Phenytoin) IS0013-9580 LAEnglish JCEIX SBM UI86004602 TIA new centrifugal filtration device for free drug separation. ABA new centrifugal membrane filtration device (Syva Corporation) has been evaluated to determine its capabilities for separation of free phenytoin for analysis. The device is a test tube-size cylinder with two compartments separated by the membrane. In serum samples from 70 patients at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, free phenytoin was prepared by the new device and by equilibrium dialysis. Levels were assayed by gas chromatography and enzyme immunoassay with good agreement at all phenytoin levels. Although pH has a significant effect on the binding of some drugs to serum proteins, phenytoin binding increased to only a small extent as pH was increased from 7.0 to 7.8 (85-88.5% bound). Centrifugal filtration with this device is a reliable, fast, and easy way to prepare free drug from serum and does not include the dilution artifact inherent in equilibrium dialysis. AUTroupin AS; Shaw LM EM8601 SOEpilepsia (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 26(5) p455-9 MJFiltration; Phenytoin MNCentrifugation /IS; Epilepsy /DT MTHuman IS0013-9580 LAEnglish JCEIX SBM UI86004603 TIReduction of rat hippocampal calcium-binding protein following commissural, amygdala, septal, perforant path, and olfactory bulb kindling. ABThe calcium-binding protein (CaBP) content of the hippocampal formation was determined by radioimmunoassay in control and kindled rats. Kindling of a number of different sites resulted in a reduction in the CaBP content of the hippocampal formation, which was shown immunohistochemically to be restricted to the dentate granule cells and their processes. The maximum decline in CaBP varied with the different kindling sites: perforant path, 33%; commissural path, 32%; septum, 30%; amygdala, 18%; and olfactory bulbs, 15%. There were no changes in the CaBP content of the stimulated areas themselves. In cases where the kindling stimulus was delivered unilaterally (perforant path and amygdala), the maximum decrease in hippocampal CaBP was observed ipsilateral to the site of stimulation when the criterion for full kindling was established (six consecutive stage 5 motor seizures). Further kindling trials were required to produce a similar magnitude decrease in the CaBP content of the contralateral hippocampus. These observations are discussed both in relation to the possible role of CaBP in the establishment of a seizure response to kindling and also as a potential compensatory mechanism that may serve to overcome the epileptogenic effects of kindling. AUBaimbridge KG; Mody I; Miller JJ EM8601 SOEpilepsia (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 26(5) p460-5 MJCalcium-Binding Proteins; Hippocampus; Kindling (Neurology) MNAmygdaloid Body /PH; Cerebellum /AN /PH; Epilepsy /ME; Olfactory Bulb /AN /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56-12-2 (GABA); 60643-86-9 (4-aminohex-5-enoic acid) IS0013-9580 LAEnglish JCEIX SBM UI86004604 TIExperimental febrile convulsions in epileptic chickens: the anticonvulsant effect of elevated gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations. ABThe high seizure susceptibility in epileptic chickens is due to an autosomal recessive mutation. In 3-day-old chicks homozygous for the epilepsy gene (epileptics), elevation of body temperature using microwave diathermy evoked an initial febrile seizure resembling the clonic seizures evoked in epileptic chicks by photic stimulation. After complete recovery, this was followed by a clonic-tonic seizure. In nonepileptic heterozygote hatchmates (carriers) of the same age, only the latter seizure pattern was observed. In 16- to 17-day-old chicks of either phenotype, both seizure patterns were observed during hyperthermia. In all cases, the temperature at which seizures occurred was significantly lower in epileptic than in nonepileptic chicks, indicating a lower threshold for febrile seizures when there is an inherited predisposition to convulse. The occurrence of seizures was dependent on the body temperature and not on the rate of rise of temperature. Elevation of the brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations by administration of the GABA transaminase inhibitor gamma-vinyl GABA reduced the incidence of the initial febrile seizures and increased the latency in those birds that were not fully protected. AUJohnson DD; Wilcox R; Tuchek JM; Crawford RD EM8601 SOEpilepsia (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 26(5) p466-71 MJAminocaproic Acids /TU; Convulsions, Febrile; GABA /TU MNAminocaproic Acids /AN; Brain Chemistry; Chickens /GE; Convulsions, Febrile /ME; GABA /AN; Hyperthermia, Induced MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0013-9580 LAEnglish JCEIX SBM UI86004605 TIKindling epileptogenesis in orbital and mesial frontal cortical areas of subhuman primates. ABDespite ready bilateralization of ictal and interictal EEG discharge throughout cortical kindling, the rate of convulsive seizure development was slow at both orbital and mesial frontal sites, even in the epileptic baboon. However, convulsive generalization occurred swiftly from the mesial frontal cortical (MF) sites once conjugate head, eye, and body adversion developed in the three primate species examined. Only epileptic baboons developed Stage 5 bisymmetrical and bisynchronous convulsion. Stimulation of the contralateral homotopic mesial cortical site readily produced afterdischarge that remained localized and convulsive seizure development did not occur. The findings suggest that (a) the frontal lobe plays an important role in the generation of nonconvulsive seizures, (b) the frontorolandic cortex plays a unique role in convulsive seizure generalization, (c) the role of the intrinsic (genetic) factor is significant in determining the quality of the kindled seizure, and (d) the development of focal epileptogenesis at one MF site interferes with clinical seizure development at the ╥mirror focus.╙ Our findings underscore (a) the necessity of the conceptual differentiation between the EEG mirror focus and the epileptogenic focus capable of generating clinical seizures and (b) the importance of dissecting interictal behavior reflecting a ╥continuous disorder of neuronal function,╙ which may cause symptoms other than seizures. AUWada JA; Mizoguchi T; Komai S EM8601 SOEpilepsia (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 26(5) p472-9 MJEpilepsy; Frontal Lobe; Kindling (Neurology) MNMacaca mulatta; Papio MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN146-77-0 (2-chloroadenosine); 58-55-9 (Theophylline); 58-61-7 (Adenosine); 58-74-2 (Papaverine) IS0013-9580 LAEnglish JCEIX SBM UI86004606 TIIs adenosine an endogenous anticonvulsant? ABThe anticonvulsant properties of adenosine were tested pharmacologically on amygdala-kindled seizure activity in rats. The adenosine analogue 2-chloroadenosine and the adenosine uptake blocker papaverine both increased the latency to behavioral clonus as well as reduced the duration and severity of the clonic motor convulsion. Both drugs, however, failed to alter the postkindling afterdischarge (AD) threshold. Theophylline, an adenosine antagonist, had the opposite effects, prolonging the AD and motor seizure durations and facilitating partially kindled seizures, but again not altering the prekindling or postkindling AD thresholds of amygdala-elicited seizures. In contrast, carbamazepine raised AD thresholds, suggesting that it does not produce its anticonvulsant effects through adenosine systems. Since endogenous adenosine can impede seizure spread and seizure continuation, but does not affect seizure initiation from the amygdala, perhaps endogenous adenosine has the special property of being brought into play as an anticonvulsant only by the seizure itself. AUDragunow M; Goddard GV; Laverty R EM8601 SOEpilepsia (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 26(5) p480-7 MJAdenosine; Seizures MNAdenosine /PH; Kindling (Neurology); Papaverine /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Seizures /PP; Theophylline /PH MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0013-9580 LAEnglish JCEIX SBM UI86004607 TINeuronal firing pattern following amygdaloid kindling in unrestrained rats. ABChronic recordings of amygdaloid neurons were performed on freely moving rats following kindling. Satisfactory recordings were obtained from 22 amygdaloid neurons of the contralateral amygdala before, during, and after unilateral kindling. Kindling stimulations were given once per hour. Seven cells disappeared during kindling. Seven cells were recorded during the full course of kindling. These units showed (a) an increase in spontaneous firing, (b) a development of high-frequency bursts (the peak interval of the interval histogram decreased from 18 to 2 ms), and (c) high-frequency firings during spontaneous activity that were similar to the firings recording during afterdischarge. AUTsuru N EM8601 SOEpilepsia (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 26(5) p488-92 MJKindling (Neurology); Neurons MNAmygdaloid Body /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RNEC 2.7.7.- (DNA Polymerase I); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004610 TINick translation--a new assay for monitoring DNA damage and repair in cultured human fibroblasts. ABAn in vitro assay has been developed to detect DNA damage and repair following chemical treatment of human diploid fibroblasts. DNA damage is measured by following the Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I-catalyzed incorporation of radiolabeled deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) into the DNA of lysolecithin-permeabilized cells. DNA strand breaks with free 3' OH termini serve as template sites for incorporation, and decrease of this incorporation with time, following removal of the test chemical, indicates loss (repair) of initial damage. Inhibition of the DNA excision repair process by the addition of the repair inhibitors arabinofuranosyl cytosine (ara-C) and hydroxyurea (HU) during the incubation period gives rise to an increased number of template sites, manifesting itself in increased incorporation and indicating the induction of long-patch excision repair. This nick translation assay, originally proposed by Nose and Okamoto [1983], is very sensitive, allows detection and quantitation of both DNA damage and repair, distinguishes between various types of induced damage, does not require radioactive prelabeling of cells, and circumvents some of the problems inherent in unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assays. The assay is also useful in detecting those agents that inhibit replicative DNA synthesis and/or the excision repair process. Results presented demonstrate that all 14 direct-acting carcinogens tested and 8 of 14 carcinogens requiring metabolic activation give positive indication of DNA damage, repair, or both. Eleven of 14 noncarcinogens tested were scored as negative, the other 3 having previously been shown to interact with cellular DNA. This assay is shown to have predictive capability at least equal to that of UDS assays but to allow a broader spectrum of genotoxic effects to be analyzed. AUSnyder RD; Matheson DW EM8601 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(3) p267-79 MJCarcinogens; DNA Polymerase I; DNA Repair; DNA; Mutagenicity Tests MNCells, Cultured; DNA Repair /DE; Escherichia Coli /EN MTHuman RNEC 2.4.2.8 (Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase); 115-02-6 (Azaserine); 154-42-7 (Thioguanine) IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004611 TIHGPRT- mutants of V79 cells that revert specifically by base pair substitution and frameshift mutations. ABIn order to determine the mutagenic specificity of mutagenic and carcinogenic agents in mammalian cells, a reversion system capable of distinguishing between frameshift mutations and various kinds of base pair substitutions would be useful. We report here a method for the isolation and characterization of HGPRT- Chinese hamster V79 cell mutants that might form the basis for such a system. Two mutants of different specificity have been partially characterized. DEW-1, isolated following N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) treatment, is revertible by the base pair substitution mutagens MNNG and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), but not by frameshift mutagens. DSW-3, isolated following ICR-191 treatment, is specifically reverted by frameshift mutagens, but not by EMS or MNNG. With the further characterization of these and other mutants, it should be feasible to determine not only whether an agent is mutagenic in V79 cells, but also to determine the type(s) of mutation(s) it produces. AUStone-Wolff DS; Klein CB; Rossman TG EM8601 IDCA 19421; CA 35631; ES 00260; + SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(3) p281-91 MJHypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutation MNAzaserine /DU; Cell Line; Culture Media; Drug Resistance; Genes, Structural; Hamsters; Thioguanine /PD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-32-8 (Benzo(a); 56-57-5 (4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide); 613-13-8 (2-anthramine) IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004612 TIThe stability of mutagenic chemicals stored in solution. ABUsing the Salmonella/microsome assay, we have evaluated the stability of mutagenic responses of chemicals stored frozen over a period of 18 months. Each of the standard mutagens was prepared in January 1982, and aliquots were stored at -20 degrees C and at -80 degrees C. Sodium azide (NaN3) was dissolved in water; 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (4NOP), 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO), benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P), and 2-aminoanthracene (2AA) were dissolved in DMSO, all at 100 micrograms/ml. At various times, aliquots were removed, thawed, and tested in parallel with freshly prepared mutagen samples using strain TA100 in a standard plate test and freshly prepared Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S-9 mix where needed. 4NOP (2-10 micrograms/plate), 4NQO (0.01-0.10 micrograms/plate), B(a)P (0.5-2.5 micrograms/plate), and 2AA (0.25-2.0 micrograms/plate) showed no significant differences between the freshly prepared solutions and the solutions stored at -20 degrees C and -80 degrees C. NaN3 (0.1-0.8 micrograms/plate) did show a statistically significant difference, with the fresh samples giving the lowest mean responses (over all doses) and the -80 degrees C treatment giving the highest. The freezing of mutagen solutions is adaptable to routine use and provides the advantage of reducing the time required to prepare positive control chemicals and reducing the exposure of laboratory personnel to known mutagens. AUPagano DA; Zeiger E EM8601 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(3) p293-302 MJMutagens MN4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide; Anthracenes; Benzo(a)pyrene; Chemistry; Mutagenicity Tests; Salmonella Typhimurium /DE; Solutions; Time Factors RN84987-77-9 (3-(2-chloroethoxy) IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004613 TIMetabolic activation of 3-(2-chloroethoxy)-1,2-dichloropropene: a mutagen structurally related to diallate, triallate, and sulfallate. AB3-(2-Chloroethoxy)-1,2-dichloropropene (CP), a Salmonella promutagen that was recently isolated from a sample of residue organics previously concentrated from drinking water, is structurally related to three other chlorinated promutagens, the S-chloroallyl thiocarbamate herbicides diallate, triallate, and sulfallate. These four chloroallyl ether compounds were found to be similar with respect to strain specificity, potency, and requirement for specific metabolic activation. The 9,000g supernatant (S9) fractions from polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1254- or phenobarbital-induced rats metabolized the four chloroallyl ethers to mutagenic products, whereas S9 from 3-methylcholanthrene-induced or uninduced rats did not. The metabolic activation of CP, diallate, and triallate to mutagens was catalyzed by the 100,000g microsomal pellet of S9 alone, but the activation of sulfallate to mutagenic metabolites required both microsomal and cytosolic fractions of S9. Direct-acting (minus S9) mutagenic metabolites of diallate and triallate could be extracted into methylene chloride from S9 incubation mixtures. Incubations containing S9 and either sulfallate or CP did not yield methylene chloride-extractable metabolites with direct-acting mutagenic activity. On the basis of these results and those from previous studies on the metabolism of diallate, triallate, and sulfallate, a tentative model for the metabolic activation of CP is proposed in which this chloroallyl ether undergoes alpha-carbon hydroxylation to form multiple mutagenic products. AUDistlerath LM; Loper JC; Tabor MW EM8601 IDCR808603 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(3) p303-12 MJHydrocarbons, Chlorinated MNBiotransformation; Cytosol /ME; Herbicides, Carbamate /ME; Microsomes, Liver /ME; Mutagenicity Tests; Rats; Salmonella Typhimurium /DE MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004614 TIInduction of sister chromatid exchanges by coal dust and tobacco snuff extracts in human peripheral lymphocytes. ABThe organic solvent extracts of sub-bituminous coal dust and tobacco snuff, both together and separately, were tested for the induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in human peripheral lymphocytes. The results indicate that these extracts induced SCEs, and that when tested together synergistically induced SCEs in two of three donors. Studies with the organic solvent extracts of all five ranks of coal indicate that the extracts of bituminous, lignite, and peat, but not anthracite, induced SCEs. Similar experiments conducted with water extracts show that bituminous, lignite, and peat, but not sub-bituminous extracts, induced SCEs, and that anthracite was equivocal. To determine whether individuals differed in their SCE responses to coal dust extracts, lymphocytes from five donors were tested with organic solvent extracts of bituminous and sub-bituminous coal. An analysis of variance indicates that the SCE response was significantly influenced by the donor (p less than 0.0001) and each of the two coal extracts (p less than 0.0001). From studies of workers occupationally exposed to coal dust, it is known that inhaled coal dust is cleared from the lungs by mucociliary action and introduced into the stomach by swallowing. Coal dust, or coal dust plus snuff, may be responsible for the increased frequency of gastric cancer observed in coal miners. The findings presented here suggest that coal dust, with or without tobacco snuff, may play a role in the elevated incidence of gastric cancer in coal miners. Because water extracts of some ranks of coal induced SCEs, there exists the possibility of adverse environmental effects due to coal leachates. AUTucker JD; Ong T EM8601 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(3) p313-24 MJCoal; Sister Chromatid Exchange; Tobacco, Smokeless; Tobacco MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dust; Lymphocytes /DE; Plant Extracts /TO MTHuman IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004615 TIChemical mutagenesis testing in Drosophila. III. Results of 48 coded compounds tested for the National Toxicology Program. ABForty-eight chemicals were tested for mutagenicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Each compound was tested first for the induction of sex-linked recessive lethals (SLRLs) by feeding the chemical in a solution of 5% aqueous sucrose. If it was not mutagenic by this route, the chemical was tested by injection in a solution of 0.7% aqueous NaCl. If found inactive, the compound was not tested further. If it was mutagenic, the compound was tested for the induction of reciprocal translocations (RTs) using the exposure protocol and germ cell stage that yielded positive results in the SLRL assay. Eight chemicals (diglycidylresorcinol ether, AF-2, alloxan monohydrate, 1-aziridine ethanol, p,p'-DDE, dichloroacetonitrile, 1,3-dichloropropene, and 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine dihydrochloride) were found to induce SLRLs. Only diglycidylresorcinol ether also induced RTs. AUValencia R; Mason JM; Woodruff RC; Zimmering S EM8601 IDN01-ES-0016; N01-ES-9-0012; N01-ES-9-0015; + SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(3) p325-48 MJDrosophila Melanogaster; Mutagenicity Tests MNCarcinogens; Genes, Lethal; Genes, Recessive; Linkage (Genetics); Mutagens; Translocation (Genetics); X Chromosome MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004616 TIChemical mutagenesis testing in Drosophila. IV. Results of 45 coded compounds tested for the National Toxicology Program. ABResults from Drosophila mutagenicity tests of 45 chemical compounds assayed for the National Toxicology Program are presented. Nine compounds were judged positive and four equivocal in the sex-linked recessive lethal test. The nine positive compounds were acetin, allyl glycidyl ether, cyclophosphamide, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, 2,3-dibromo-1-propanol, dimethylcarbamyl chloride, 1,2-epoxy-butane, lasiocarpine, and N-nitrosopiperidine. The results for chloral hydrate, maleic hydrazide, propantheline bromide, and trifluralin were equivocal. Of the nine compounds positive in recessive lethal induction, only two--allyl glycidyl ether and dimethylcarbamyl chloride--failed to induce translocations. The remaining 32 were judged to be nonmutagenic under the conditions used. AUYoon JS; Mason JM; Valencia R; Woodruff RC; Zimmering S EM8601 IDN01-ES-9-0016; N01-ES-9-0012; N01-ES-9-0015 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(3) p349-67 MJDrosophila Melanogaster; Mutagenicity Tests MNCarcinogens; Genes, Lethal; Linkage (Genetics); Mutagens; Sex Chromosomes; Spermatogenesis /DE; Translocation (Genetics) MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN198-55-0 (Perylene); 50-32-8 (Benzo(a) IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004617 TIPetroleum distillates suppress in vitro metabolic activation: higher [S-9] required in the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay. ABTo determine if standard conditions used in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay could reliably screen complex petroleum samples, two high-boiling (700-1,070 degrees F) distillates and their separated aromatic fractions were tested. The initial mutagenic activities were inconsistent with the samples' known polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents and observed potencies in a dermal carcinogenesis bioassay. A significant mutagenic response was observed only at S-9 concentrations 5 to 10 times higher than those used in the standard assay, supporting the use of elevated levels of S-9 in the Salmonella/microsome assay to assess the carcinogenic potential of petroleum-derived materials. All four samples masked the expected mutagenic activity of added PAHs (benzo[a]pyrene and perylene). Data suggested that petroleum distillates suppress the functional efficacy of the S-9; possible mechanisms are discussed. AUCarver JH; Machado ML; MacGregor JA EM8601 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(3) p369-79 MJMicrosomes, Liver; Mutagenicity Tests; Petroleum MNBenzo(a)pyrene /TO; Biotransformation /DE; Perylene /TO; Rats; Salmonella Typhimurium /DE MTAnimal; Male RN139-13-9 (Nitrilotriacetic Acid) IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004618 TIInteraction of nitrilotriacetic acid with heavy metals in the induction of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured mammalian cells. ABThe ability of nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt (NTA) to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and to influence the induction of SCE by heavy metal compounds was evaluated with mammalian cell cultures. In accordance with the generally negative results obtained by other investigators on the mutagenic effects of NTA, no increase of SCE frequency was observed in Chinese hamster cells (CHO line) or in primary cultures of mouse (BALB/c and BALB/Mo strains) lymphocytes, after treatment with NTA at subtoxic concentrations (2 X 10(-3) M and 10(-3) M, respectively). The induction of SCE by salts of heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) was evaluated with CHO cells. Soluble (CdCl2, HgCl2, NiCl2, Pb [CH3COO]2) and insoluble (CdCO3, HgCl, NiCO3, PbSO4) compounds were tested, and, with the exception of Pb(CH3COO)2, all were found to increase the frequency of SCE. NTA apparently did not affect the ability of the soluble metal compounds to induce SCE, but it significantly increased the frequency of SCE induced by treatment with all the insoluble salts. AUMontaldi A; Zentilin L; Venier P; Gola I; Bianchi V; Paglialunga S; Levis AG EM8601 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(3) p381-90 MJAcetic Acids; Metals; Nitrilotriacetic Acid; Sister Chromatid Exchange MNCell Line; Cricetulus; Drug Synergism; Hamsters; Lymphocytes /DE; Mice; Solubility MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN11097-69-1 (aroclor 1254); 153-78-6 (2-aminofluorene); 50-32-8 (Benzo(a) IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004619 TIComparison of mutagenicities in a Salmonella reversion assay mediated by uninduced hepatocytes and hepatocytes from rats pretreated for 1 or 5 days with Aroclor 1254. ABHepatocytes prepared from rats pretreated for 5 days with 500 mg/kg Aroclor 1254 were found to be unsuitable for use in a modified Salmonella mutagenicity assay. These hepatocytes exhibited low viability, did not readily attach to plastic culture dishes, and produced mutagenicity responses with benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 2-aminofluorene (2AF) that were greatly enhanced by the addition of an NADPH-regenerating system (NADPH-RS). Shortening the Aroclor pretreatment time to 1 day resulted in hepatocytes that exhibited high viability and readily attached to plastic culture dishes. These hepatocytes produced higher numbers of revertants when used to assay the mutagenicities of B[a]P and 2AF than were produced using hepatocytes from animals that were pretreated for 5 days. These reversion frequencies were also higher than those produced using uninduced hepatocytes and were much less affected by the addition of NADPH-RS than were the reversions mediated by the 5-day preinduced hepatocytes. Liver homogenate postmitochondrial fractions (S9s), which were prepared from rats pretreated with Aroclor for 1 or 5 days, were nearly equal in their ability to mediate the mutagenicity of B[a]P and 2AF in the Salmonella/microsome reversion assay. Qualitative differences between the S9- and hepatocyte-mediated mutagenicity of 2AF were found, however. These results indicate that employing hepatocytes from rats pretreated with Aroclor for 1 day, rather than 5 days, results in an enzymatically induced, more-intact cell population that is capable of detecting the mutagenicity of B[a]P and 2AF in a modified Salmonella reversion assay. AUHass BS; Heflich RH; Shaddock JG; Casciano DA EM8601 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(3) p391-403 MJLiver /EN; Mutagenicity Tests MNAroclors /PD; Benzo(a)pyrene /ME; Cells, Cultured; Enzyme Induction /DE; Fluorenes /ME; Liver /CY /DE; Microsomes, Liver /ME; Rats; Salmonella Typhimurium /DE; Time Factors MTAnimal IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004620 TIAneuploidy and health risk assessment: current status and future directions. ABThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently sponsored a workshop to discuss the contribution of aneuploidy to human disease and disability, the development of tests for detecting chemicals that induce aneuploidy and the relevance of these tests to human risk, and the current understanding of mechanisms by which aneuploidy arises. This summary is based on the presentations given at the workshop. It is hoped that this summary will stimulate thinking in this vitally important area of risk assessment and contribute to the establishment of priorities for basic research, development of new test methods, and validation of existing test approaches. Such research is needed to enhance the scientific basis of risk assessment for aneuploidy-producing chemicals. AUDellarco VL; Mavournin KH; Tice RR EM8601 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(3) p405-24 MJAneuploidy; Mutagens MNMeiosis; Mitosis; Mutagenicity Tests /MT; Risk MTAnimal; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004621 TIAutoradiographic detection of diphtheria toxin resistant mutants in human diploid fibroblasts. ABAn autoradiographic procedure for the detection of diphtheria toxin (DT) resistant (DipR) mutants in human diploid fibroblast (HDF) cells has been developed. The assay is based on the observation that when HDFs from confluent cultures are seeded in medium containing 0.01 flocculating units/ml or higher concentration of DT, protein synthesis in sensitive cells is severely inhibited by 4-6 hr. If at this or later time, a radiolabeled protein precursor (eg, 3H-leucine) is added to the culture, it is almost exclusively incorporated into the resistant cells, which are then readily identified by autoradiography. The DipR cells can also be identified by labeling in the presence of 3H-thymidine, although a higher background is observed in these experiments. Reconstruction experiments using DipS and DipR HDFs show that the frequency of heavily labeled cells that are detected by autoradiography show an excellent correlation with the number of DipR cells added and to the number of DipR cells as detected by conventional colony forming assay. These studies provide strong evidence that the labeled cells identified by autoradiography are bona fide DipR mutants. The detection of DipR cells by autoradiography is apparently not affected by the presence of the sensitive cells in the mixtures. The spontaneous frequency of DipR cells in HDFs has been found to be in the range of 1-5 X 10(-6), and this increases in a dose dependent manner upon treatment with the mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate. These results indicate that the autoradiographic assay could be used for quantitative mutagenesis. Since the autoradiographic assay does not depend on cell division, it may prove useful in estimating the incidence of pre-existing mutations in cell populations that either do not divide or have very limited growth potential (eg, lymphocytes, muscle cells, neurons, senescent fibroblasts, etc). AUGupta RS; Singh B EM8601 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(5) p611-24 MJDiphtheria Toxin; Mutation MNAutoradiography; Cell Cycle; Cells, Cultured; DNA /BI; Drug Resistance; Fibroblasts /DE; Methanesulfonates /PD; Mutation /DE; Proteins /BI MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN73-40-5 (Guanine) IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004623 TIThe role of DNA sequence and structure of the electrophile on the mutagenicity of nitroarenes and arylamine derivatives. ABThe mutagenicities of a series of nitroarenes and related electrophilic metabolites of aromatic amines were studied in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA97, which have, respectively, (GCGC/CGCG)2 and (CCC/GGG)2 as their mutational sites. For electrophiles, primarily bicyclic species, that form adducts with nucleophilic sites other than the C8 of guanine (G), the ratios of activities in the two strains is near unity. On the other hand, for electrophiles consisting of cyclic structures with more than two rings and that are reported to react solely with the C8 of G, the ratio of activities (TA98/TA97) is in excess of 1.6. Quantum mechanical calculations indicate that (1) in the plane of G, the N7, N3, and 06 of G are more likely nucleophilic targets than C8 and (2) adduct formation at the C8 of G requires electrophilic attack from above or below the plane of G. It is hypothesized that because of steric hindrances, nitroarenes and derivatives containing in excess of two rings cannot react with the preferred nucleophilic sites and, therefore, form adducts with the more accessible C8. However, such an out-of-the-plane attack is influenced by the nature of the nearest neighbor, as evidenced by the difference in mutagenic responses of TA98 and TA97, alternating GCs being preferred over other combinations. Further quantum mechanical calculations indicate that the nature of the nearest neighbor does indeed affect the nucleophilicity of the C8 of G but that the expression of this effect is apparently masked by the overriding steric effects. AURosenkranz HS; McCoy EC; Frierson M; Klopman G EM8601 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(5) p645-53 MJAmines; DNA, Bacterial; Mutagens; Nitro Compounds MNBase Sequence; Chemistry; Guanine; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Salmonella Typhimurium /DE; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thermodynamics MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.13.12. (Mixed Function Oxidases); 107-13-1 (Acrylonitrile) IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004624 TIMetabolism and mutagenicity of acrylonitrile: an in vivo study. ABThe mutagenic activity present in urine of animals treated with acrylonitrile (ACN) is tentatively related to the excretion of three urinary metabolites: thiocyanate (SCN-), hydroxyethylmercapturic acid (OH-MA), and cyanoethylmercapturic acid (CN-MA). It is shown that the route of administration and animal species affect SCN- excretion but not the excretion of hydroxyethyl- and cyanoethylmercapturic acids or the mutagenicity of urine from ACN-treated animals. Various pretreatments (phenobarbital, CoCl2, diethylmaleate, trichloroacetonitrile) decrease the mutagenicity of urine from ACN-treated animals and decrease the excretion of SCN- and OH-MA. None of the quantified urinary metabolites is responsible for urinary mutagenicity. AULambotte-Vandepaer M; Duverger-van Bogaert M; Rollmann B EM8601 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(5) p655-62 MJAcrylonitrile /TO; Mutagens; Nitriles MNAcrylonitrile /ME; Biotransformation; Mixed Function Oxidases /ME; Mutagenicity Tests; Rats; Salmonella Typhimurium /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004625 TIGenetic drift and seasonal variation in spontaneous mutation frequencies in Drosophila. ABSpontaneous sex-linked recessive lethal mutation frequencies may vary with time. Examination of approximately 1.7 X 10(6) Drosophila melanogaster X chromosomes in three laboratories suggests two sources of variation in the spontaneous mutation frequency. First, the underlying mutation rate may change with time, suggesting genetic drift among the genes controlling the spontaneous mutation rate. In one set of experiments, the recessive lethal frequency increased from 0.2% to 0.4% in 6 years. Second, there may be seasonal variation in the mutation frequency even under apparently controlled conditions, suggesting that uncontrolled environmental factors may play an important role in determining the mutation frequency. Therefore, concurrent controls should be used in mutation experiments except in cases in which the frequency in the untreated control is so low as to be unmeasurable in a single experiment or the control frequency can be shown not to vary with time. AUMason JM; Valencia R; Woodruff RC; Zimmering S EM8601 IDNO1-ES9-0016; NO1-ES9-0012; NO1-ES9-0015; + SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(5) p663-76 MJDrosophila Melanogaster; Mutation MNGene Frequency; Genes, Lethal; Linkage (Genetics); Seasons; X Chromosome MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004626 TIChemical mutagenesis testing in Drosophila. V. Results of 53 coded compounds tested for the National Toxicology Program. ABFifty-three chemicals were tested for mutagenicity in Drosophila melanogaster by adult feeding and, where results were negative, by adult injection for the induction of sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in meiotic and postmeiotic germ cell stages of Canton-S males. One compound was tested by inhalation. Those compounds that induced lethal mutations were tested further for the induction of reciprocal translocations. Seventeen of the 53 compounds (acetaldehyde, 2-aminoanthracene, bromoform, t-butyl hydroperoxide, chlorambucil, trans-cinnamaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene, dimethoxane, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 1,2-epoxy-3,3,3-trichloropropane, formaldehyde, furfural, halothane, HC yellow 4, and picric acid) were found to induce lethal mutations and three (2-aminoanthracene, chlorambucil,and crotonaldehyde) also induced reciprocal translocations. AUWoodruff RC; Mason JM; Valencia R; Zimmering S EM8601 IDNO1-ES-9-0016; NO1-ES-9-0012; NO1-ES-0015; + SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(5) p677-702 MJDrosophila Melanogaster; Mutagens MNCarcinogens; Genes, Lethal; Linkage (Genetics); Mutagenicity Tests; Translocation (Genetics); X Chromosome MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.4.2.30 (Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase); 3544-24-9 (3-aminobenzamide); 37691-11-5 (Antipain); 59-14-3 (Bromodeoxyuridine) IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004627 TIAntipain-mediated suppression of sister chromatid exchanges induced by an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. ABExposure of mammalian cells to inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, such as 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) results in the induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). The mechanism for the induction of SCEs by 3AB is unknown but is thought to be related to the incorporated halogenated pyrimidine used in SCE analysis. In this characteristic, 3AB-mediated SCE induction is similar to the elevated SCE frequency found in Bloom's syndrome (BS) cells. Recently, it has been reported that certain protease inhibitors, such as antipain, will inhibit SCE induction in BS cells. We now report that antipain will also suppress 3AB-induced SCE frequency. As has been reported for BS cells, the effects of antipain on SCE induction are partial, reducing SCE frequency by 0.15 to 0.40 SCE/chromosome (5-25% of the total induced frequency), and 30 microM concentrations of antipain are saturating. Antipain has no effect on baseline SCE frequency. These effects appear to involve free-radical production because dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), a free-radical scavenger, will mimic the effects of antipain on 3AB-induced SCEs. Both antipain and DMSO will also reduce the elevated SCE frequency found in cells exposed to high (100 microM or more) levels of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). High exogenous levels of BrdUrd produce some of the same biological effects as 3AB exposure. Thus, a minor fraction of the elevated SCE frequency seen in cells exposed to 3AB or to high levels of BrdUrd appears to be similar to that found in cultured BS cells and is probably due to some free-radical-producing process. AUSchwartz JL; Weichselbaum RR EM8601 IDCA 29883 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(5) p703-9 MJAntipain; Benzamides; DNA Repair; Oligopeptides; Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase; Sister Chromatid Exchange MNBromodeoxyuridine /PD; Cells, Cultured; Hamsters; Ovary MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-41-0 (Phenytoin) IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004628 TISister chromatid exchanges in adult epileptic patients on phenytoin therapy. ABSister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were studied in lymphocyte cultures of 12 adult male epileptic patients on long-term monotherapy with phenytoin (PHT) and of matched controls. Significantly increased frequency of SCE was observed in the epileptic patients as a group and in almost all individuals, indicating a detectable chromosome damaging effect of PHT therapy on its human users. AUSchaumann B; Johnson SB; Wang N; Van Brunt S EM8601 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(5) p711-4 MJPhenytoin; Sister Chromatid Exchange MNAdult; Epilepsy /DT; Lymphocytes; Middle Age; Mutation /DE; Time Factors MTHuman RN1162-65-8 (aflatoxin B1); 59-14-3 (Bromodeoxyuridine) IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004629 TIEmbryonic exposure to aflatoxin-B1: mutagenicity and influence on development and immunity. ABChick embryos were mutagenized in ovo in order to study developmentally related alterations in immune functions in survivors of this prenatal toxicant insult. In this experimental system, a single exposure of 6-day chick embryos to 0.1 microgram aflatoxin-B1 (AF-B1) in 10 microliters of acetone was employed, and the control embryos received 10 microliters of solvent alone. This dosage of AF-B1 administered to 6-day embryos was found to increase the incidence of sister chromatid exchanges in blood cells approximately fivefold above the baseline observed in solvent controls. A second sham control, where no solvent was administered, was included in some experiments. The cell cycle times in blood increased slightly during the initial exposure to AF-B1. However, a majority of the AF-B1 and acetone exposed embryos survived and hatched without incident. Losses occurred mainly in the latter part of embryogenesis. After hatching, no significant differences were observed in body weight between different treatment groups up to 26 weeks of age and no change in primary humoral immunity was detected. In contrast, two parameters of cell-mediated immunity, graft vs host (GvH), and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) reactions were both depressed as a result of exposure to AF-B1. The AF-B1 treatment group was significantly reduced in the GvH reaction compared with sham-treated controls. In the CBH assay, AF-B1-exposed chicks showed reduced immunity compared with acetone controls. These results suggest that long-term selective immune depression can occur following embryonic exposure to AF-B1. AUDietert RR; Qureshi MA; Nanna UC; Bloom SE EM8601 IDCA 28953; ESO 03499 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(5) p715-25 MJAflatoxins; Immunity; Mutation MNAntibody Formation /DE; Bromodeoxyuridine /DU; Cell Cycle /DE; Chick Embryo; Immunity, Cellular /DE; Sister Chromatid Exchange /DE MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004630 TIChemical enhancement of survival in aggregation of retrovirus-infected rat cells: an interlaboratory comparison. ABThis study provides a comparative evaluation among three independent laboratories of the responses to 16 chemicals in the retrovirus (Rauscher leukemia) infected Fischer rat embryo (RIFRE) cell-survival-in-aggregation assay. When suspended in liquid media above an agar base, control cells showed a rapid decline in cell survival, whereas cells that had previously been treated with chemical carcinogen survive in suspension longer than control cells. The endpoint, survival in aggregation, is measured by counting viable cells dissociated from aggregates in suspension for 4 days. By modifying previously reported procedures, we have improved the system so that a clear differential (positive or negative) response is achieved by cells treated with either a known carcinogen or known noncarcinogen. Using procedures designed to minimize assay variability, replicate assays were performed and the data analyzed for inter- and intralaboratory concordance. The RIFRE cell-survival-in-aggregation assay demonstrated a high degree of interlaboratory reproducibility in assessing the overall positive or negative responses of known carcinogens and noncarcinogens, and good qualitative reproducibility in assessing compounds tested under code. The assay could discriminate between known carcinogens and noncarcinogens. All chemicals were tested without the addition of a metabolic activation system. Cells exhibiting carcinogen-induced enhancement of survival in aggregation, when plated back onto a solid substrate and carried in culture, subsequently expressed transformation-associated changes in their cellular morphology, growth in semisolid media, and tumorigenicity in nude mice. These results indicate that retrovirus-infected Fischer rat embryo cells detect a carcinogen-mediated early event that progresses to neoplastic phenotypes. Survival in aggregation appears to require the presence of the exogenous retrovirus, since uninfected cells did not show a differential survival response when carcinogen-treated, noncarcinogen-treated, or control cells were compared. This system provides a reproducible method of detecting carcinogenic chemicals based on their ability to induce enhanced survival in aggregation of treated cells. AUSuk WA; Poiley JA; Raineri R; Steuer AF; Tennant RW EM8601 IDN01-ES-15797; N01-ES-15798; N01-ES-15807 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(5) p727-46 MJCarcinogens; Cell Survival; Leukemia, Experimental MNCell Aggregation /DE; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic /DE; Cell Transformation, Viral /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Rats; Rauscher Virus MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004631 TISignificance of the genotoxic activities observed in vitro for 35 of 70 NTP noncarcinogens. ABA speculative analysis is presented of the in vitro genotoxicity data reported by Shelby and Stasiewicz for 70 chemicals defined as noncarcinogenic to rodents by the National Toxicology Program. It is concluded that the genotoxic activities observed are probably subject to logical explanation. It is suggested that short-term genotoxicity assays conducted in vivo on newly defined in vitro genotoxins may have a useful role to play in discriminating animal carcinogens from noncarcinogens. It is clear from the results reported that genotoxic activities observed in vitro for a new test chemical only provide evidence of its possible animal carcinogenicity; they are not definitive of carcinogenicity--the difference may be negligible in general but might prove unacceptable in the particular. AUAshby J; Purchase IF EM8601 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(5) p747-58 MJCarcinogens; Chromosome Aberrations; Mutagens; Mutation; Sister Chromatid Exchange MNMice; Mutagenicity Tests /ST; Salmonella Typhimurium /DE MTAnimal IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004632 TIStudies in comparative chemical mutagenesis. ABThis paper presents a review of various collaborative studies in comparative mutagenesis. The following studies are briefly described: (1) the chemical mutagenesis programme of the European Community, (2) Drosophila studies with various alkylating agents of different s (Swain-Scott) factors, (3) the evaluation by the International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens (ICPEMC) Committee 1, (4) the Environmental Protection Agency's Gene-Tox Programme, (5) the first and second United Kingdom Environmental Mutagen Society (UKEMS) collaborative studies, and (6) the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) collaborative study on in vitro tests. The need for chemical dosimetry is emphasized. One of the main conclusions is that, of the mammalian point mutation assays, the L5178Y (TFTR, trifluorothymidine resistant) system showed greatest detection capability in the second UKEMS study. The consensus conclusion of the IPCS in vitro study was that chromosomal aberrations are considered to be the optimal assay for complementing the Salmonella assay and offer the additional advantage that aneuploidy, polyploidy, and sister chromatid exchanges can also be easily assessed. AUSobels FH EM8601 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(5) p759-73 MJCarcinogens; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens MNAlkylating Agents; Bacteria /GE; Chromosome Aberrations; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drosophila Melanogaster /GE; European Economic Community; Great Britain; Mice; United States Environmental Protection Agency; United States MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004633 TISchistosome related cancers: a possible role for genotoxins. ABSchistosomiasis has long been associated with cancer. This association is most prevalent between Schistosoma hematobium and bladder cancer. Numerous theories have been proposed to explain the causal link between the parasite infestation and the ensuing neoplasia. One theory that has not received as much attention as others, however, is the role of genotoxins in the neoplastic process. Considering the substantial amount of supportive evidence for the cocarcinogenic effects of schistosomes, concern for the health effects resulting from exposure of infested individuals to either exogenous or endogenous genotoxins is certainly warranted. AUGentile JM EM8601 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(5) p775-85 MJNeoplasms; Schistosomiasis MNBladder Neoplasms /ET; Bladder /ME; Carcinogens /ME; Schistosomiasis /ME MCReview MTHuman RNEC 2.7.1.21 (Thymidine Kinase); 7440-38-2 (Arsenic) IS0192-2521 LAEnglish JCEIY SBM; X UI86004634 TIThe reproductive effects assessment group's report on the mutagenicity of inorganic arsenic. AUJacobson-Kram D; Montalbano D EM8601 SOEnviron Mutagen (United States), 1985, 7(5) p787-804 MJArsenic; Mutation MNBacteria /GE; Biotransformation; Chromosome Aberrations; DNA Repair /DE; DNA Replication /DE; Mice; Mutagenicity Tests; Saccharomyces Cerevisiae /GE; Sister Chromatid Exchange /DE; Thymidine Kinase /GE MTAnimal; Human IS0014-0139 LAEnglish JCELZ UI86004635 TIBoots for oily surfaces. AUManning D; Jones C; Bruce M EM8601 SOErgonomics (England), Jul 1985, 28(7) p1011-9 MJAccidents, Occupational; Facility Design and Construction; Floors and Floorcoverings; Oils; Shoes MNEngland MTHuman IS0014-0139 LAEnglish JCELZ UI86004636 TIProgress in the prevention of falls caused by slipping. AUTisserand M EM8601 SOErgonomics (England), Jul 1985, 28(7) p1027-42 MJAccidents, Occupational; Facility Design and Construction; Floors and Floorcoverings; Shoes; Wounds and Injuries MNBiomechanics MTHuman IS0014-0139 LAEnglish JCELZ UI86004637 TIOperational experience with a portable friction testing device in university buildings. AUBallance PE; Morgan J; Senior D EM8601 SOErgonomics (England), Jul 1985, 28(7) p1043-54 MJAccident Prevention; Facility Design and Construction; Floors and Floorcoverings; Wounds and Injuries MNAccidents, Occupational /PC; Biomechanics; England; Universities MTHuman IS0014-0139 LAEnglish JCELZ UI86004638 TISlipping, tripping, and falling. 2d Biennial Conference on Slipping, Tripping, and Falling Accidents. Surrey, England. EM8601 SOErgonomics (England), Jul 1985, 28(7) p945-1085 MJAccidents MTHuman IS0014-0139 LAEnglish JCELZ UI86004639 TISlipping, tripping and falling accidents at work: a national picture. AUBuck PC; Coleman VP EM8601 SOErgonomics (England), Jul 1985, 28(7) p949-58 MJAccidents, Occupational; Wounds and Injuries MNAdolescence; Adult; England; Middle Age; Risk MTHuman IS0014-0139 LAEnglish JCELZ UI86004641 TIFalls in the healthy elderly: predisposing causes. AUGabell A; Simons MA; Nayak US EM8601 SOErgonomics (England), Jul 1985, 28(7) p965-75 MJAccidents; Wounds and Injuries MNAged; England; Risk MTFemale; Human; Male IS0014-0139 LAEnglish JCELZ UI86004642 TISlipping, tripping and falling accidents to delivery drivers. AUNicholson AS; David GC EM8601 SOErgonomics (England), Jul 1985, 28(7) p977-91 MJAccidents, Occupational; Transportation; Wounds and Injuries MNAccidents, Occupational /PC; England; Transportation /ST MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0014-0139 LAEnglish JCELZ UI86004643 TIFemoral neck fractures: are some preventable? AUCitron N EM8601 SOErgonomics (England), Jul 1985, 28(7) p993-7 MJAccidents; Femoral Neck Fractures MNFemoral Neck Fractures /PC; Risk MTFemale; Human; Male IS0014-0139 LAEnglish JCELZ UI86004644 TIReview of stair-safety research with an emphasis on Canadian studies. AUPauls JL EM8601 SOErgonomics (England), Jul 1985, 28(7) p999-1010 MJAccident Prevention; Architectural Accessibility; Facility Design and Construction; Floors and Floorcoverings; Safety; Wounds and Injuries MTHuman IS0014-0139 LAEnglish JCELZ UI86004645 TIErgonomics international 1985. Reviews and indexes. EM8601 SOErgonomics (England), Aug 1985, 28(8) p1113-299 MJHuman Engineering MTHuman IS0014-0139 LAEnglish JCELZ UI86004646 TIThe nature and measurement of stress. AUCox T EM8601 SOErgonomics (England), Aug 1985, 28(8) p1155-63 MJOccupational Diseases; Stress, Psychological MNAdaptation, Psychological MTHuman IS0014-0139 LAEnglish JCELZ UI86004647 TIFitness for work: bridging the gap in ergonomics. AUBoudri HC EM8601 SOErgonomics (England), Aug 1985, 28(8) p1179-84 MJHuman Engineering; Work Capacity Evaluation MNReferral and Consultation; Safety MTHuman RN541-15-1 (Carnitine) IS0301-5548 LAEnglish JCEMX SBM UI86004648 TIEffects of L-carnitine loading on the aerobic and anaerobic performance of endurance athletes. ABL-Carnitine (L-C), a well known physiological carrier across the inner mitochondrial membrane of activated long chain fatty acids and acceptor of acyl groups from acyl-CoA, has been recently synthesised industrially. This has made it possible to study the effects of L-C loading (4 g X d(-1) by mouth over a period of 2 weeks) on the aerobic and anaerobic performance of 6 long distance competitive walkers. As a result of the treatment: 1) mean total, free and esterified serum L-C both at rest and shortly after completing a 120 min walk at about 65% of the individual maximal aerobic power (VO2max) were significantly increased; 2) VO2max increased 6%, from 54.5 +/- 3.7 (S.D.) to 57.8 +/- 4.7 m1O2 X kg(-1) X min(-1) (P less than 0.02); 3) blood lactate concentration (Lab) as a consequence of short bouts repeated exercise (series of 10, 15 and 20 jumps off both feet on a force platform) was unchanged; 4) heart rate, pulmonary ventilation, oxygen consumption, and respiratory quotient in the same conditions as for 1) were unchanged. It is concluded that, in trained athletes, as a consequence of L-C loading VO2max is slightly but significantly raised, probably as a result of an activation of substrate flow through the TCA cycle, whereas the lipid contribution to metabolism in prolonged submaximal exercise remains unchanged. AUMarconi C; Sassi G; Carpinelli A; Cerretelli P EM8601 SOEur J Appl Physiol (Germany, West), 1985, 54(2) p131-5 MJCarnitine; Physical Endurance MNAdolescence; Adult; Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Blood Gas Analysis; Middle Age; Pulmonary Gas Exchange MTHuman IS0301-5548 LAEnglish JCEMX SBM UI86004649 TIHabituation of the cold pressor response in normo- and hypertensive human subjects. ABThe changes in cardiovascular response to repeated cold-pressor test were studied in young normotensive and in young hypertensive subjects. The cold stimulus consisted of immersing one foot in cold water (4 degrees C) for 60 s. Non-invasive methods were used to record the cardiovascular responses: blood flow of the calf was measured using venous occlusion plethysmography, arterial blood pressure with sphygmomanometery, heart rate with electrocardiography. The vascular conductance level in the calf was higher in hypertensive subjects than in normotensives. The difference remained throughout the series of 6 daily experiments. In both hypertensive and normotensive groups of subjects some individuals responded to the cold stimulus with vasodilatation in the calf muscles, others with vasoconstriction. In the hypertensives blood flow increased more and habituation was only transient with a strong tendency for the vasodilatory response to recover, while in normotensives habituation was rapid and complete. Vasoconstrictor responses showed no signs of reduction. The blood pressure increases were larger in hypertensives and remained unaltered within the period of repeated tests (6 days). There was not significant difference between the heart rate changes in the two groups of subjects. It is concluded that the vasculature of the calf shows lower tone and is more labile during the early stage of hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUZbrozyna AW ; Krebbel F EM8601 SOEur J Appl Physiol (Germany, West), 1985, 54(2) p136-44 MJCold; Habituation (Psychophysiology); Hypertension MNBlood Pressure; Electric Conductivity; Heart Rate; Mathematics; Regional Blood Flow; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation MTHuman IS0301-5548 LAEnglish JCEMX SBM UI86004650 TIResponses of the lower limb to load carrying in walking man. ABMuscle activity patterns of several lower limb muscles were examined in the left leg of normal human subjects walking at comfortable speed on a treadmill. In addition knee angular changes and the durations of the swing and stance phases of the step cycle were recorded. Data were collected during a period of normal control walking and when the subject carried a load, either in his right or left hand or on his back. Load (up to 20% of body weight) carried in either hand caused minimal changes in the kinematic parameters investigated but evoked significant prolongation of the normal ongoing electromyographic activity in the contralateral Gluteus medius and in the ipsilateral Gastrocnemius, Vastus lateralis and Semimembranosus. Load (up to 50% of body weight) carried on the back significantly shortened the swing phase and prolonged the ongoing electromyographic activity of the Vastus lateralis. These findings would seem to indicate that the activity of the leg musculature during walking is so tightly controlled that deviation from the normal kinematic pattern of the legs is largely prevented even when body posture and balance are disturbed by carrying substantial additional load. AUGhori GM; Luckwill RG EM8601 SOEur J Appl Physiol (Germany, West), 1985, 54(2) p145-50 MJExertion; Leg MNAdolescence; Adult; Muscles /PH MTFemale; Human; Male RN50-21-5 (lactic acid) IS0301-5548 LAEnglish JCEMX SBM UI86004651 TIBlood lactate vs. exhaustive exercise to evaluate aerobic fitness. ABThis study compared the predictive power of a lactate-related index determined during submaximal cycle exercise to that of an exhaustive cycle ergometer test for evaluating the endurance exercise capacity of soldiers. The subjects (n = 48 males) performed a continuous exercise test to voluntary exhaustion on the cycle ergometer. Power output (PO) increased by 50 W steps each fourth min, with determinations of heart rate (HR), RPE and blood lactate concentrations (HLa) just prior to each PO increase. The PO at a 4 mmol L(-1) HLa concentration (WOBLA) was interpolated; based on the time to exhaustion the maximal PO that could be maintained for 6 min (Wmax6) was calculated from previously documented formulae. Subjects were timed during a 3000 m cross-country run. Both the cycle test and the run were performed again 3 months later, as was an additional 3000 m run with full military equipment weighing about 21 kg. All 3000 m times were significantly correlated (p less than 0.05) with both Wmax6 and WOBLA; similar predictive power was demonstrated for both Wmax6 and WOBLA, suggesting that accuracy in evaluation would not be sacrificed by substituting the submaximal for the exhaustive exercise test. HR and RPE-related indices showed markedly lower predictive power. The results extend the previously documented relationship between HLa during treadmill ergometry and running performance to include the use of cycle ergometry for the evaluation of running performance. The results also proved applicable to running performance while load carrying. AUJacobs I; Schele R ; Sjodin B EM8601 SOEur J Appl Physiol (Germany, West), 1985, 54(2) p151-5 MJLactates; Physical Endurance MNAdult; Aerobiosis; Body Weight; Exercise Test; Heart Rate; Running MTHuman; Male RN50-60-2 (Phentolamine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine) IS0301-5548 LAEnglish JCEMX SBM UI86004652 TISympathetic control of the forearm blood flow in man during brief isometric contractions. ABExperiments were performed to assess the possible neurally mediated constriction in active skeletal muscle during isometric hand-grip contractions. Forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography on 5 volunteers who exerted a series of repeated contractions of 4 s duration every 12 s at 60% of their maximum strength of fatigue. The blood flows increased initially, but then remained constant at 20-24 ml X min(-1) X 100 ml(-1) throughout the exercise even though mean arterial blood pressure reached 21-23 kPa (160-170 mm Hg). When the same exercise was performed after arterial infusion of phentolamine, forearm blood flow increased steadily to near maximal levels of 38.7 +/- 1.4 ml X min(-1) X 100 ml(-1). Venous catecholamines, principally norepinephrine, increased throughout exercise, reaching peak values of 983 +/- 258 pg X ml(-1) at fatigue. Of the vasoactive substances measured, the concentration of K+ and osmolarity in venous plasma also increased initially and reached a steady-state during the exercise but ATP increased steadily throughout the exercise. These data indicate a continually increasing alpha-adrenergic constriction to the vascular beds in active muscles in the human forearm during isometric exercise, that is only partially counteracted by vasoactive metabolites. AUWilliams CA; Mudd JG; Lind AR EM8601 IDHL-07050 SOEur J Appl Physiol (Germany, West), 1985, 54(2) p156-62 MJForearm; Muscle Contraction; Sympathetic Nervous System MNAdult; Epinephrine /BL; Norepinephrine /BL; Phentolamine /PD; Regional Blood Flow /DE MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase); 542-78-9 (Malondialdehyde); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0301-5548 LAEnglish JCEMX SBM UI86004653 TIHuman erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity during deep diving. ABAs the practical use of high pressure oxygen (HPO) in clinical medicine and the offshore industries accelerates, knowledge of its toxic nature becomes essential. In this study, divers' erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was monitored during high pressure exposure and shown to decrease on average by 20% at depths greater than 150 m. Assay of total red cell SOD protein and activity established that the recorded SOD activity decrement was by loss of immuno-measurable enzyme. No evidence of intra-cellular Heinz bodies was observed. An increase of intra-membrane lipid peroxidation products, within physiological limits, was found, particularly in the denser cell fractions. Using previously in vivo pressure stressed cells, experiments at increasing O2 pressures educed that human red blood cells were oxygen ╥resistant╙ up to ten times the normal atmospheric pressure, 0.021 MPa (0.21 bar). Thereafter, a loss in SOD enzyme activity occurred with hemolysis during the in vitro decompression procedure. AUPaciorek JA EM8601 SOEur J Appl Physiol (Germany, West), 1985, 54(2) p163-71 MJDiving; Erythrocytes; Superoxide Dismutase MNHemoglobins /ME; Lipid Peroxides /BL; Malondialdehyde /AN; Membrane Proteins /AN; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Oxygen MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0301-5548 LAEnglish JCEMX SBM UI86004654 TIBlood flow in the emissary veins of the human head during hyperthermia. ABThe direction of the blood flowing in the emissary veins (vena emissaria mastoidea and v. e. partietalis) was recorded in human subjects during moderate hyperthermia and hypothermia. During hyperthermia the blood flowed rapidly from skin to brain. During hypothermia either no flow could be detected or the blood flowed slowly from brain to skin. On two fresh cadavers the calvaria was removed with the scalp adhering. Gentle massaging of the scalp produced abundant drops of blood on the inner surface of the bone each time the scalp was massaged, thus showing that cutaneous blood can flow inward through the bone. These results support the hypothesis of selective brain cooling in hyperthermic humans by offering a possible mechanism. AUCabanac M; Brinnel H EM8601 SOEur J Appl Physiol (Germany, West), 1985, 54(2) p172-6 MJFever; Scalp MNCerebrovascular Circulation; Regional Blood Flow; Ultrasonics; Veins MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0301-5548 LAEnglish JCEMX SBM UI86004655 TIChanges in isometric function following rhythmic exercise. ABSeven male subjects exercised for 1, 3, 10 and 20 min on a cycle ergometer at 20, 60 and 80% VO2max, and then held to fatigue a sustained contraction of the quadriceps at 40% maximal voluntary contraction in order to determine what influence various levels of dynamic exercise would have on isometric function of the same group of muscles. Muscle temperature was measured before and within 15 s of the completion of the cycling to determine whether changes in muscle temperature might influence the subsequent isometric performance. Isometric endurance was shorter as the severity of the cycling increased beyond 20% VO2max, and as the duration of cycling increased up to 10 min. There were discrete linear relationships between muscle temperature and isometric endurance associated with cycling at 60% and 80% VO2max. There was a direct inverse relationship between quadriceps strength after cycling and muscle temperature, yet a significant reduction in strength occurred only after cycling at 80% VO2max. These results suggest that the encroachment on endurance and strength are controlled by different mechanisms. The heart rates during the isometric contractions were dependent on the preceding rhythmic exercise and decreased after exercise at 60 or 80% VO2max. In contrast, the blood pressure always increased during the isometric contractions, reaching similar values at the point of fatigue, regardless of the severity of the previous rhythmic exercise. These data provide additional evidence that separate mechanisms control changes in heart rate and blood pressure. AUHoffman MD; Williams CA; Lind AR EM8601 SOEur J Appl Physiol (Germany, West), 1985, 54(2) p177-83 MJExertion MNBlood Pressure; Body Temperature; Exercise Test; Heart Rate; Muscles /PH; Physical Endurance MTHuman; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0301-5548 LAEnglish JCEMX SBM UI86004656 TIMorphological changes in continuously stretched skeletal muscles in sheep. ABThe effects of continuous elongation of skeletal muscles were studied on six sheep who underwent a lengthening osteotomy of the right tibia. Open muscle biopsies were taken from the biceps femoris muscle preoperatively (Group A), after 5 weeks of bone distraction (Group B) and after another 5 weeks without further distraction (Group C). The size and distribution of type 1 (slow-twitch) and type 2 (fast-twitch) muscle fibres were determined from sections stained for myofibrillar ATPase activity. All sections were also evaluated by light microscopy, especially with regard to myopathic changes. The type 2 fibres showed a significant decrease in size from group A to B and from group B to C. The reduction in fibre size from group A to C was 44.2%. The type 1 fibres, on the other hand, showed no significant differences in mean fibre size between the groups. However, there were considerable individual variations in type 1 fibre size between the groups. The distribution of both fibre types was similar in groups A and B (appr. 17% type 1 fibres) whereas the relative number of type 1 fibres was reduced to 12.4% in group C (P less than 0.01). Myopathic changes, i.e. muscle fibre necroses, were not seen in any of the groups. It is concluded that the type 2 fibre atrophy is mainly caused by muscular inactivity during the postoperative period, but an additional effect of continuous stretching of the muscle cannot be excluded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AULindboe CF; Fjeld TO; Steen H EM8601 SOEur J Appl Physiol (Germany, West), 1985, 54(2) p184-90 MJMuscles MNMuscle Contraction; Muscle Denervation; Muscle Relaxation; Sheep MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0301-5548 LAEnglish JCEMX SBM UI86004657 TIFitness changes in an Australian Antarctic expedition. ABSerial fitness testing using a cycle ergometer and a submaximal work-load technique was performed monthly on 22 expeditioners at Davis Station, Antarctica, during the period February 1982 to January 1983. The results showed a linear increase in fitness in the group over the 12 month study period, including the winter period when outdoor activities were limited. The regression equation for fitness (measured as maximum oxygen uptake) was VO2max (ml . min-1 . kg-1) = 43.96 + 0.631 (time) where time is the month number from 1 through to 12. The correlation coefficient of the regression line representing fitness plotted against time in months was 0.918 (p less than 0.001). It is evident that indoor station activities and limited outdoor activities were more than adequate to maintain physical fitness in the winter period. Pre-departure fitness assessment for expeditioners is suggested. As fitness was lowest on arrival in Antarctica yet station workloads heaviest at this time, physical training prior to arrival in Antarctica is recommended for future expeditions. AUDick AF EM8601 SOEur J Appl Physiol (Germany, West), 1985, 54(2) p191-5 MJExpeditions; Physical Fitness MNAdult; Analysis of Variance; Body Weight; Oxygen Consumption; Seasons MTHuman; Male RN50-21-5 (lactic acid); 9061-29-4 (Carboxyhemoglobin) IS0301-5548 LAEnglish JCEMX SBM UI86004658 TIThe effects of passive inhalation of cigarette smoke on exercise performance. ABThe purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of passive smoke inhalation on submaximal and maximal exercise performance. Eight female subjects ran on a motor driven treadmill for 20 min at 70% VO2max followed by an incremental change in grade until maximal work capacity was obtained. Each subject completed the exercise trial with and without the presence of residual cigarette smoke. Compared to the smokeless trials, the passive inhalation of smoke significantly reduced maximal oxygen uptake by 0.25 l X min-1 and time to exhaustion by 2.1 min. The presence of sidestream smoke also elevated maximal R value (1.01 vs 0.93), maximal blood lactate (6.8 vs 5.5 mM), and ratings of perceived exertion (17.4 vs 16.5 units). Passive inhalation of smoke during submaximal exercise significantly elevated the CO2 output (1.68 vs 1.58 l X min-1), R values (0.91 vs 0.86), heart rate (178 vs 172 bts X min-1) and rating of perceived exertion (13.8 vs 11.8 units). These findings suggest that passive inhalation of sidestream smoke adversely affects exercise performance. AUMcMurray RG; Hicks LL; Thompson DL EM8601 SOEur J Appl Physiol (Germany, West), 1985, 54(2) p196-200 MJExertion; Tobacco Smoke Pollution MNAdult; Carbon Dioxide /ME; Carboxyhemoglobin /AN; Heart Rate; Lactates /AN; Oxygen Consumption; Respiration; Tidal Volume MTFemale; Human IS0301-5548 LAEnglish JCEMX SBM UI86004659 TIA comparison of the effects of mixed static and dynamic work with mainly dynamic work in hot conditions. ABCurrent physiological criteria for limiting work in hot conditions are frequently based on responses to mainly dynamic work (eg treadmill walking). Their applicability to industrial situations containing mixed static and dynamic work is questioned, since the physiological responses to static work are different from those of dynamic work. Each of eight subjects attempted a one hour uphill treadmill walk (mainly dynamic work), and an uphill treadmill walk whilst intermittently carrying a 20 kg weight in the arms (mixed static and dynamic work). The external work rates in the two conditions were equal, effected by lowering the treadmill gradient in the loaded condition. Experiments were conducted in a hot climate (33 degrees C dry bulb, 25 degrees C wet bulb). Oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, sweat rate and rated perceived exertion were all significantly higher (p less than 0.001) for the mixed static and dynamic work than for the dynamic work. This was also the case for heart rate and forearm skin temperature (p less than 0.01), and for auditory canal temperature (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two types of work for mean skin temperature, calf skin temperature and chest skin temperature. These results show that for the same external work, physiological strain and perceived exertion are greater for mixed static and dynamic work (carrying a load in the arms) than for mainly dynamic work (walking on a treadmill). They suggest that it is not appropriate to make direct comparisons of laboratory studies based on dynamic work, with practical situations containing mixed static and dynamic work in the heat. AURandle IP; Legg SJ EM8601 SOEur J Appl Physiol (Germany, West), 1985, 54(2) p201-6 MJHeat; Work MNAdult; Analysis of Variance; Body Temperature; Heart Rate; Oxygen Consumption; Sweating MTComparative Study; Human; Male RNEC 2.7.3.- (Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes); EC 4.1.3. (Ketoacid-Lyases); EC 4.1.3.7 (Citrate Synthase) IS0301-5548 LAEnglish JCEMX SBM UI86004660 TICreatine kinase MB and citrate synthase in type I and type II muscle fibres in trained and untrained men. ABTotal creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and citrate synthase (CS) were determined in isolated and pooled type I and type II skeletal muscle fibres. Determinations were made on biopsies from 3 sedentary men, 3 junior cyclists and 2 elite cyclists. CS and CK-MB activities were higher in the trained groups in both fibre types. The total CK activity was not related to training status, although it was lower in type I fibres than in type II fibres (p less than 0.05). The reverse relation was observed for CS and CK-MB activities (p less than 0.01). The ratio of type I/type II for CS was not related to training status, while the corresponding ratio for CK-MB increased with a greater degree of endurance training. For a given increase in CS activity, the increase in CK-MB activity was greater in type I fibres than in type II fibres (p less than 0.01). Thus, with endurance training there seems to be a specific adaptation for CK-MB, particularly in type I fibres. AUJansson E; Sylven C EM8601 SOEur J Appl Physiol (Germany, West), 1985, 54(2) p207-9 MJCitrate Synthase; Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes; Isoenzymes; Ketoacid-Lyases; Muscles; Physical Endurance MNAdolescence; Adult; Bicycling; Oxygen Consumption MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0301-5548 LAEnglish JCEMX SBM UI86004661 TIA dynamometer for the measurement of force, velocity, work and power during an explosive leg extension. ABA dynamometer for measurement under static and dynamic conditions is presented. At different load levels, force, velocity, work and power can be measured in explosive leg extensions. Measurements on 53 subjects at different load levels (0-125.5 kg) were carried out. Peak power ranged from 2611 to 1746 W, force from 1351 to 1899 N, velocity from 1.61 to 0.89 m X s-1 and work from 329 to 605 J. Between trial correlation coefficients ranged from 0.72 to 0.95. The dynamometer is compared with others, and it is concluded that data obtained by this dynamometer have a greater practical validity. AUAvis FJ; Hoving A; Toussaint HM EM8601 SOEur J Appl Physiol (Germany, West), 1985, 54(2) p210-5 MJLeg; Movement; Physiology MNAdult; Exertion MTHuman; Male IS0301-5548 LAEnglish JCEMX SBM UI86004662 TIEffects of previous muscle contractions on cyclic movement dynamics. ABIn addition to muscle elastic energy, enhancement of movement performance in a stretch-shortening cycle could also be due to an increase in initial muscle force during the stretching phase. This hypothesis was tested by examining 9 male physical education students during maximum voluntary knee extensions performed with and without previous knee flexion. In both conditions movements were performed with various external loads. In addition, the force-velocity curve (FVC) parameters of the knee extensor muscles were also determined. As simple model of a muscle impulse was constructed in order to select independent biomechanical variables relevant to movement dynamics. The experimental results demonstrated that previous knee flexion enhanced the maximum angular velocity of knee extension. This effect decreased with increasing movement duration (i.e. increased external load), as well as giving positive correlation coefficients between the magnitude of this effect and the rate of development of knee extensor tension. These results are discussed in relation to a model of the dynamics. It is shown that previous muscle contractions performed during braking in the negative movement phase might play an important role in enhancing performance in cyclic movements. This role would be especially important in transient contractions of primarily slow twitch fiber muscles. AUJaric S ; Gavrilovic P ; Ivancevic V EM8601 SOEur J Appl Physiol (Germany, West), 1985, 54(2) p216-21 MJMovement; Muscle Contraction; Physiology MNAdult; Knee /PH; Leg /PH; Mathematics MTHuman; Male IS0301-5548 LAEnglish JCEMX SBM UI86004663 TIAll out anaerobic capacity tests on cycle ergometers. A comparative study on men and women. ABWe have studied the effects of the braking force on the results of an anaerobic capacity test derived from the Wingate test (an all out 45 s exercise on a Monark 864 cycle ergometer against a given force at the fastest velocity from the beginning to the end of the test). Seven men and seven women participated in the study and performed a total of 63 all-out tests against different braking forces. The same subjects performed a force-velocity test on the same cycle ergometer. Since the relationship between force and velocity is approximately linear for peak velocities between 100 and 200 rev X min-1 (Peres et al. 1981a, b; Nadeau et al. 1983; Vandewalle et al. 1983) we characterized each subject by three parameters: P0 (the intercept of the force-velocity regression line with the force axis), V0 (the intercept of the regression line with the velocity axis) and Wmax (maximal power). The relationship between force and mean power was parabolic for the all-out anaerobic capacity test. In the present study the optimal force (the force giving the maximal value of mean power during an all out test) was higher for the men (approximately 1 N X kg BW-1) than the force proposed by others (0.853 N X kg BW-1 for Dotan and Bar-Or 1983). However, because of the parabolic relationship between force and mean power, the mean power which corresponds to the optimal force was approximately the same in both studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUVandewalle H; Peres G ; Heller J; Monod H EM8601 SOEur J Appl Physiol (Germany, West), 1985, 54(2) p222-9 MJExertion MNAdult; Anaerobiosis; Body Weight; Exercise Test; Mathematics; Sex Characteristics MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004664 TICost and usefulness of clinical microbiology services [editorial] AUBartlett RC EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p375-8 MJLaboratories; Microbiological Technics MNMicrobial Sensitivity Tests /EC MTHuman IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004665 TITesting phagocytic cell function [editorial] AUVerhoef J; Waldvogel FA EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p379-81 MJPhagocytes MNBlood Bactericidal Activity; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Luminescence; Monocytes /PH; Neutrophils /PH; Opsonins MTHuman IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004666 TIEndotoxin testing revisited [editorial] AUSturk A; ten Cate JW EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p382-5 MJEndotoxins; Limulus Test; Lipopolysaccharides MTHuman IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004667 TIClinical significance of Streptococcus milleri. ABThe clinical features of infection in patients from whom Streptococcus milleri was isolated were analysed in an attempt to determine the clinical significance of this organism. During a four-year period Streptococcus milleri was isolated from 232 hospitalized patients. In 44 patients Streptococcus milleri was isolated in pure culture, in 45 patients together with obligate anaerobes, and in 143 patients together with aerobes with or without anaerobes. The 82 patients in whom isolation of Streptococcus milleri was considered significant had the following infections: bacteremia (8 patients), brain abscess (2), pleural empyema (9), lung abscess (1), maxillary sinusitis (7), intra-abdominal abscess (53), infection of pacemaker (1) and infection of vascular graft (1). The 150 patients in whom isolation of Streptococcus milleri was considered of questionable significance had the following: upper respiratory tract infection (12 patients), lower respiratory tract infection (6), acute cholecystitis (8), soft tissue abscess, cellulitis and surgical wound infections (83), bone and joint infections (14), genital infection (25) and miscellaneous infections (2). The overall incidence of infection with Streptococcus milleri was five cases per 1000 admissions. The study showed that Streptococcus milleri is of clinical significance not only in suppurative infections, as previously reported, but also in acute maxillary sinusitis and infection of implant material. AUVan der Auwera P EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p386-90 MJStreptococcal Infections; Streptococcus /PY MNAbscess /MI; Bone Diseases /MI; Brain Abscess /MI; Peritonitis /MI; Septicemia /MI; Streptococcal Infections /OC; Streptococcus /CL MTHuman IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004668 TIFatty acid composition of Streptococcus milleri. ABThe cellular fatty acids of 31 strains belonging to the Streptococcus milleri group were analysed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Results were compared with findings from biochemical differentiation of the strains into Streptococcus constellatus (two strains), Streptococcus anginosus (16 strains) and Streptococcus intermedius (13 strains). Eight strains of various other streptococci were included as internal references, including three strains of streptococcus morbillorum, three strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci, and two strains of enterococci. The Streptococcus milleri strains formed a very homogeneous group according to fatty acid composition and were easily differentiated from other groups. However, within the group, it was not possible to differentiate Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus intermedius by fatty acid composition alone. AULabbe M ; Van der Auwera P; Glupczynski Y; Crockaert F; Yourassowsky E EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p391-3 MJFatty Acids; Streptococcus MNChromatography, Gas; Species Specificity; Streptococcus /CL IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004669 TIEvaluation of the complement fixation and indirect immunofluorescence tests in the early diagnosis of primary Q fever. ABA comparison was made of the performance of the commonly used complement fixation test and the more recently developed indirect immunofluorescence test in the early diagnosis of Q fever. The 303 sera tested were from 181 patients who contracted Q fever during an outbreak in Switzerland in 1983. Specific IgM antibodies were detected by the immunofluorescence test in 53% and 89% of sera obtained during the first and second week respectively after onset of illness. With the complement fixation test, the diagnosis could not be made until the second week of illness. The immunofluorescence test proved to be superior to the complement fixation test in the early detection of Q fever. Not only was it more specific but also faster and simpler to perform, permitting an earlier diagnosis on the basis of results obtained with a single serum specimen. AUPeter O ; Dupuis G; Burgdorfer W; Peacock M EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p394-6 MJCoxiella; Q Fever MNAntigens, Bacterial /AN; Complement Fixation Tests; Disease Outbreaks /DI; Fluorescent Antibody Technic MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004670 TISolid-phase enzyme immunoassay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. ABThe prototype of a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen was tested in 403 men and 135 women attending a venereal disease clinic. Culture on HeLa 229 cells was used as reference method. In men the overall sensitivity and specificity of the enzyme immunoassay was 70% and 98.5% respectively. In the 158 men with non-gonococcal urethritis the sensitivity and specificity was 73% and 96.5% respectively, in the 31 men with post-gonococcal urethritis 82% and 100%, in the 48 men with gonococcal urethritis 67% and 100%, in the 125 men with discharge but normal urinary sediment 54% and 99.1% and in the 41 men with no signs or symptoms 50% and 100%. In women the sensitivity and specificity of the assay was 70% and 92% respectively. On account of the low degree of sensitivity in both men and women and the low degree of specificity in women the prototype of the enzyme immunoassay is not yet considered suitable for clinical use. An improved model is being developed. AUvan Ulsen J; van Zuuren-van der Horst A; Tjiam KH; van der Heijst Y; Michel MF; van Eijk RV; van Joost T; Stolz E EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p397-9 MJCervix Diseases; Chlamydia Infections; Urethritis MNAntigens, Bacterial /AN; Chlamydia Infections /IM; Chlamydia trachomatis /IM; Immunoenzyme Technics; Neisseria Gonorrhoeae /IM MTFemale; Human; Male RN55362-18-0 (Bay I 9139); 65277-42-1 (Ketoconazole); 80456-55-9 (BAY N 7133) IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004671 TIActivity of BAY n 7133 and BAY 1 9139 in vitro and in experimental murine coccidioidomycosis. ABThe activity of two new antifungal azoles, BAY n 7133 and BAY 1 9139, against Coccidioides immitis was compared with that of ketoconazole in vitro and in experimental murine coccidioidomycosis. Daily intravenous injections were given for 30 days. All mice were autopsied and suspensions of lung, liver and spleen cultured. BAY n 7133 was as active as ketoconazole while Bay 1 9139 was les active. All three drugs were coccidioidostatic only both in vitro and in vivo. AUHoeprich PD; Merry JM EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p400-3 MJAntifungal Agents; Coccidioidomycosis; Imidazoles /TU MNCoccidioides /DE; Imidazoles /PD; Ketoconazole /TU; Mice; Triazoles /PD /TU MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN114-07-8 (Erythromycin) IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004672 TIDetection of anaerobic bacteria in blood cultures by lysis filtration. ABAn anaerobic adaptation of the lysis-filtration system for detection of anaerobic microorganisms in blood is described. The method was compared with a conventional broth bottle system in detection of anaerobic bacteremia after oral surgery. Of 43 blood samples obtained during and after surgery, 31 were positive with the lysis-filtration system and 17 were positive with the broth bottle system. Sixteen aerobic and 62 anaerobic strains were isolated with the lysis-filtration system versus 9 aerobic and 22 anaerobic strains with the broth bottles. The lysis-filtration technique was thus superior to the conventional broth bottle method in detecting anerobic bacteria. AUHeimdahl A; Josefsson K; von Konow L; Nord CE EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p404-7 MJBacteria, Anaerobic; Blood MNAdult; Aged; Erythromycin /TU; Filtration; Middle Age; Septicemia /DI /PC; Tooth Extraction MTFemale; Human; Male IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004673 TIHepatitis B vaccination campaign in a low endemicity area. ABBetween January 1982 and December 1983 14,666 high-risk individuals in the Canton of Zurich, which has one million inhabitants, received 36,234 hepatitis B vaccine injections. The annual number of acute hepatitis B cases dropped from an estimated 220 to 280 in 1981 to 177 in 1982 and 133 in 1983. This drop of 40-50% resulted mainly from reduced numbers of cases among health care workers, drug addicts and homosexuals. Vaccination was a factor responsible for the reduced incidence of hepatitis B among health care workers and drug addicts, high-risk categories substantial proportions of which had been vaccinated. There was no evidence of a secondary protective effect of vaccination extending to other high-risk groups. AUGrob PJ; Rickenbach M; Steffen R; Wagner S; Kistler G; Schmid M; Gutzwiller F EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p408-11 MJHepatitis B MNHomosexuality; Personnel, Hospital; Substance Dependence; Switzerland; Viral Vaccines /AD MTHuman RN0 (hepatitis non-A, non-B antigen) IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004674 TIRetrospective investigation of transfusion-related non-A, non-B viral hepatitis associated with M2 antigen. ABA retrospective study of transfusion-related non-A, non-B viral hepatitis was conducted in seven patients. Findings showed that six recipients had been exposed to at least one unit of blood possessing a putative serological marker for non-A, non-B hepatitis, the M2 antigen or anti-M2IgM. The M2 markers were associated with non-A, non-B hepatitis that developed 3-7 weeks after transfusion. It sees increasingly probable that M2 markers may be useful for diagnosis and/or prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis. AUField S; Hopkins R; Davidson J; Coutts E; Finlayson ND; Eade OE; Nixon SJ; Parker AC EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p412-4 MJAntigens, Viral; Blood Transfusion; Hepatitis, Viral, Human; Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B MNHepatitis B Antibodies /AN; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens /AN; IgG /AN; IgM /AN MTHuman IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004675 TIOutbreak of respiratory syncytial virus in France. ABA report is given of an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a neonatal unit in France. Twenty-three of 32 infants were infected (72%) despite infection control procedures. Prophylactic administration of non-specific gamma globulins was associated with a significant decrease in infection rate (p less than 0.05). The administration of transfer factor to infected infants was also associated with a significantly lower rate of severe respiratory diseases (p less than 0.05). AUGouyon JB; Pothier P; Guignier F; Portier H; Pujol HP; Kazmierczak A; Chatelain P; Alison M EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p415-6 MJDisease Outbreaks; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Paramyxovirus Infections MNFrance; Immunization, Passive; Infant, Newborn; Paramyxovirus Infections /TH; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses MTHuman IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004676 TIFour cases of Shigella septicemia in Israel. ABFour cases of shigella septicemia are presented. In two children infection was caused by Shigella flexneri and in two adults, who had underlying diseases which caused immunosuppression, by Shigella sonnei and Shigella schmitzi. All four patients responded to intravenous antibiotic therapy. In one patient the organism persisted in the stool, but was eliminated after oral administration of chloramphenicol. Shigella septicemia is not uncommon and blood cultures should be obtained in suspected cases. AUAlkan M; Salzstein E; Simu A EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p417-8 MJDysentery, Bacillary; Septicemia MNInfant, Newborn; Infant; Middle Age; Septicemia /OC; Shigella Flexneri; Shigella Sonnei MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004677 TIMeningitis and brain abscess due to Haemophilus paraphrophilus. ABA case of meningitis and brain abscess due to Haemophilus paraphrophilus in a patient with congenital heart disease is reported. The abscess communicated with the cerebral ventricular system. Although the infecting strain was found to be highly sensitive to ampicillin, the patient died despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Characteristics distinguishing Haemophilus paraphrophilus and related species are discussed. AUJensen KT; Hojbjerg T EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p419-21 MJBrain Abscess; Haemophilus Infections; Meningitis, Haemophilus MNAdult; Heart Defects, Congenital /CO /MI MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004678 TIStomatococcus mucilaginosus endocarditis. ABA case of non-nosocomial, spontaneously occurring endocarditis caused by growth of Stomatococcus mucilaginosus on a prolapsed mitral valve is reported. Despite the organism's high susceptibility in vitro the patient responded slowly to antibiotic treatment. Colony adherence to agar surface and absent or weak catalase reaction differentiated this gram-positive coccus from coagulase-negative staphylococci and micrococci. AUPrag J; Kjoller E; Espersen F EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p422-4 MJEndocarditis; Staphylococcus /PY MNMiddle Age; Mitral Valve Prolapse /MI; Staphylococcus /IP MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004679 TIRarity of Legionella species in routine sputum specimens [letter] AUEllner PD; Johnson E; Hosmer M; Rodriguez E EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p425 MJLegionella; Sputum MTHuman IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004680 TIGastric juice microflora in patients with gastric ulcer and gastric cancer [letter] AUMarne C; Pallares R ; Casanova A; Sitges-Serra A EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p426-7 MJGastric Juice; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer MNAdult; Aged; Bacteria /IP; Gastrectomy; Middle Age; Yeasts /IP MTFemale; Human; Male IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004681 TINeonatal conjunctivitis caused by Pasteurella ureae [letter] AUBogaerts J; Lepage P; Kestelyn P; Vandepitte J EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p427-8 MJConjunctivitis; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Pasteurella Infections MNInfant, Newborn; Pasteurella /IP MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004682 TIIsolation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans from a skin lesion [letter] AUFenichel S; Bodino C; Kocka F EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p428-30 MJActinobacillus Infections; Skin Diseases MNActinobacillus /IP; Adult; Substance Dependence /CO MTCase Report; Human RN723-46-6 (Sulfamethoxazole); 738-70-5 (Trimethoprim); 8064-90-2 (Bactrim) IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004683 TISuccessful treatment of nocardial thigh abscess and possible brain abscess with co-trimoxazole [letter] AUFernandez-Guerrero ML ; Torres A; Diaz Curiel M ; Soriano F EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p430-1 MJAbscess; Brain Abscess; Nocardia Infections; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim MNDrug Combinations /TU; Middle Age; Nocardia Asteroides MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004684 TIFirst isolation of Neisseria polysacchareae species nova in the Federal Republic of Germany [letter] AUBerger U EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p431-3 MJNeisseria /IP MNAntigens, Bacterial /AN; Child, Preschool; Neisseria /CL /IM; Pharynx /MI MTHuman IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004685 TILoss of viability of Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides vulgatus in different media [letter] AUVerweij-van Vught A; Sparrius M; Maclaren D EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p433-4 MJBacteroides fragilis; Bacteroides MNCulture Media IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004686 TIEpidemiology of Shigella boydii serotype 2, a strain indigenous to Spain [letter] AUPrats G; Gurgui M; Mirelis B EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p434-5 MJDysentery, Bacillary /OC; Shigella Boydii /IP; Shigella MNCheese; Dysentery, Bacillary /MI; Food Microbiology; Shigella Boydii /CL; Spain MTHuman IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004687 TIAnalysis of gram-positive anaerobic cocci in oral, fecal and vaginal flora [letter] AUNeut C; Lesieur V; Romond C; Beerens H EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p435-7 MJFeces; Mouth; Peptococcus; Peptostreptococcus; Vagina MNDiarrhea, Infantile /MI; Infant MTFemale; Human IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004688 TIIsolation of Campylobacter species by filtration [letter] AUMegraud F ; Elharrif Z EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p437-8 MJCampylobacter; Feces MNFiltration MTHuman RN106-44-5 (4-cresol) IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004689 TIIdentification of Clostridium difficile by detection of p-cresol in a cooked meat medium [letter] AUNavarro-Alonso T; Bernabeu-Esclapez A; Valero-Guillen PL ; Martin-Luengo F EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p438-9 MJClostridium MNClostridium /ME; Cresols /ME; Culture Media; Meat IS0722-2211 LAEnglish JCEMY SBM UI86004690 TILyme arthritis: does endotoxin play a role? [letter] AUFumarola D; Munno I; Miragliotta G; Marcuccio C EM8601 SOEur J Clin Microbiol (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 4(4) p440 MJBorrelia; Endotoxins; Lyme Disease /MI MNLimulus Test; Lyme Disease /ET MTHuman RN12125-02-9 (Ammonium Chloride); 1405-87-4 (Bacitracin); 37221-79-7 (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide); 74-89-5 (methylamine) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004692 TIInternalization of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in a human adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29). ABThe time course of internalization of radioiodinated vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in HT29 cells was obtained using the technique of acetic acid removal of cell-surface-bound peptide. Even after 10 min incubation at 37 degrees C, 125I-VIP, initially bound on the HT29 cell surface, was compartmentalized within the cells. During the same time, degraded radioactive material was released by cells in the incubation medium. Localization of internalized 125I-VIP was investigated using two different subcellular fractionation techniques. 10 min after the onset of internalization, 125I-VIP labelling was found in intermediate structures and 10 min later the bulk of the radioactivity was detected in a low-density fraction containing very large lysosomes with a multivesicular aspect. The lysosomotropic agent NH4Cl appeared to inhibit 125I-VIP internalization, degradation and appearance of radiolabelled peptide in the large lysosomes in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, the effect of NH4Cl resulted in an accumulation of radioactive material in fractions containing microsomal structures. On the other hand, bacitracin, together with methylamine, highly enhanced 125I-VIP labelling in a membrane fraction, suggesting that these agents possibly act on a cell surface component of HT29 cells. These results support the conclusion that in HT29 cells, prelysosomal structures and large secondary lysosomes are probably part of the intracellular pathway of internalized VIP. AUMuller JM; el Battari A; Ah-Kye E; Luis J; Ducret F; Pichon J; Marvaldi J EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p107-14 MJVasoactive Intestinal Peptide MNAdenocarcinoma /ME; Ammonium Chloride /PD; Bacitracin /PD; Biological Transport; Cell Compartmentation; Cell Fractionation /MT; Cell Line; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lysosomes /ME; Methylamines /PD; Temperature; Time Factors MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN554-01-8 (5-methylcytosine); 71-30-7 (Cytosine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004693 TIThe accessibility of 5-methylcytosine to specific antibodies in double-stranded DNA of Xanthomonas phage XP12. ABAntibodies specifically directed to 5-methylcytidine were raised in rabbits and purified by affinity chromatography. The accessibility of 5-methyldeoxycytidine (m5dCyd) to such antibodies was studied with DNAs from various origins. The reaction was followed by measuring the retention of radiolabelled DNA by antibodies on nitrocellulose filters, by immunoprecipitation, by gel filtration and was visualized with the electron microscope. Antibodies did not bind to Escherichia coli B DNA, which is deficient in m5dCyd. Denatured and native DNA from calf thymus, which contains m5dCyd as a minor nucleoside, was weakly retained on the filters whereas DNA extracted from Xanthomonas oryzae XP12 bacteriophage, which is rich in m5dCyd, was well recognized even in the native form. AUAdouard V; Dante R; Niveleau A; Delain E; Revet B; Ehrlich M EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p115-21 MJCytosine; DNA MNAntibodies /IM; Antigenic Determinants; Bacteriophages; Cytosine /IM; DNA, Viral /IM; Methylation; Microscopy, Electron; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Precipitation; Xanthomonas /GE MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.24.3 (Clostridiopeptidase A) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004694 TISpecificity of the collagenase from the insect Hypoderma lineatum. ABSpecificity of the collagenase from the larvae Hypoderma lineatum, a serine protease related to trypsin, has been investigated by using native collagen and non-collagenous substrates. At 25 degrees C and neutral pH the degradation of collagen by the larval enzyme in solution results in a 52% loss of specific viscosity, without loss of helicity. Electron microscopy of segment-long-spacing crystallites of the digest shows the occurrence of one cleavage region between bands 41 and 44 whereas Edman degradation indicates several cleavage loci in this region. Hypoderma collagenase differs from proteinases I and II from the crab Uca pugilator, which catalyse cleavages in multiple regions of the collagen molecule, and also from vertebrate collagenases, which cleave collagen only between residues 775 and 776. Apart of specific action on collagen, Hypoderma collagenase degrades the oxidized chain B of insulin; the major cleavage occurs at the Leu15-Tyr16 bond followed by two minor cleavages at the Arg22-Gly23 and Lys29-Ala30 bonds. The larval enzyme has no action on synthetic peptide substrates of trypsin or chymotrypsin. AULecroisey A; Keil B EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p123-30 MJClostridiopeptidase A /ME; Insects MNAmino Acid Sequence; Clostridiopeptidase A /AI; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Larva /ME; Substrate Specificity MTAnimal RNEC 6.4.1.1 (Pyruvate Carboxylase); 147-85-3 (Proline); 50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004695 TIStimulation by 3-hydroxybutyrate of pyruvate carboxylation in mitochondria from rat liver. ABIsolated rat liver mitochondria incubated in the presence of 3-hydroxybutyrate display a markedly increased rate of pyruvate carboxylation as measured by malate and citrate production from pyruvate. The stimulation was demonstrable both with exogenously added pyruvate, even at saturating concentration, and with pyruvate intramitochondrially generated from alanine. The concentration of DL-3-hydroxybutyrate required for half-maximal stimulation amounted to about 1.5 mM. The intramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio as well as the matrix acetyl-CoA level was found to remain unchanged by 3-hydroxybutyrate exposure, which, however, lowered the absolute intramitochondrial contents of the respective adenine nucleotides. The effects of 3-hydroxybutyrate were diminished by the concomitant addition of acetoacetate. Moreover, a direct relationship between mitochondrial reduction by proline and the rate of pyruvate carboxylation was observed. The results seem to indicate that the mitochondrial oxidation--reduction state might be involved in the expression of the 3-hydroxybutyrate effect. As to the physiological relevance of the findings, 3-hydroxybutyrate could be shown to activate pyruvate carboxylation in isolated hepatocytes. AUSiess EA EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p131-6 MJHydroxybutyrates; Mitochondria, Liver; Pyruvate Carboxylase MNCitrates /BI; Enzyme Activation; Glucose /BI; Malates /BI; Proline /PD; Pyruvates /ME; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004696 TICloning of DNA segments of phage 2C, which allows autonomous plasmid replication in Bacillus subtilis. ABThe chromosome of Bacillus subtilis phage 2C is a 100-MDa double-stranded DNA molecule, containing hydroxymethyluracil in place of thymine and carrying redundant ends each encompassing 10% of the genome. 2C DNA was cleaved with EcoRI and HindIII, and cloned in the shuttle plasmids pSC 540 and pCP 115, both containing segments originating from B. subtilis and Escherichia coli plasmids. These chimaerical plasmids, carrying the chloramphenicol resistance gene, were unable to replicate in B. subtilis; this ability was restored, however, after the insertion of viral DNA segments. Physical maps of the recombinant plasmids were made; a large deletion of the E. coli-derived segment of pSC 540 was observed (which paralleled a loss of replication in this host), whereas addition of 2C DNA segments in pCP 115 was not accompanied by deletion (replication in E. coli was conserved in this case). Cloned viral segments mapped mostly, but not exclusively, within the redundant ends of 2C DNA. It is suggested that the thirteen recombinant clones carried the replication origin region of phage 2C DNA, and that these sequences originated within or close to the redundant extremities of the viral chromosome. AULannoy NN; Hoet PP; Cocito CG EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p137-42 MJBacillus Subtilis; Bacteriophages; Plasmids MNChromosome Mapping; Cloning, Molecular; DNA Replication; DNA Restriction Enzymes /ME; DNA, Bacterial /GE; DNA, Viral /GE; Gene Expression Regulation; Molecular Weight MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.21.1 (Deoxyribonuclease I); EC 3.1.31.1 (Micrococcal Nuclease) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004697 TIThe structure of sub-nucleosomal particles. The octameric (H3/H4)4--125-base-pair-DNA complex. ABChicken erythrocyte chromatin was depleted of histones H1, H5, H2A and H2B. The resulting (H3/H4)-containing chromatin was digested with micrococcal nuclease to yield monomer, dimer, trimer etc. units, irregularly spaced on the DNA, with even-number multimers being more prominent. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation separated monomers and dimers (7.7 S and 10.5 S). Sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis and cross-linking indicated: the monomer contains 50-base-pair (bp), 60-bp and 70-bp DNA and the dimer 125-bp DNA; the monomer contains a tetramer and the dimer an octamer of H3 and H4. Partial association of monomer units to dimers inhibits structural studies of monomers. The internal structure of the dimer, i.e. and (H3/H4)4-125-bp-DNA particle, was studied using circular dichroism, thermal denaturation and nuclease digestion. Both micrococcal nuclease and DNase I digestion indicate that, unlike core particles, accessible sites occur in the centre of the particle and it is concluded that the (H3/H4)4-125-bp-DNA particle is not a 'pseudo-core particle' in which the 'extra' H3 and H4 replace H2A and H2B. It is proposed that the octamer particle is formed by the sliding together of two 'monomer' units, each containing the (H3/H4)2 tetramer and 70 bp of DNA. Excision of this dimer unit with micrococcal nuclease results in the loss of 10 readily digestible base pairs at each end, leaving 125 bp. AURead CM; Crane-Robinson C EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p143-50 MJHistones; Nucleosomes MNCentrifugation; Chickens; Chromatin /UL; Circular Dichroism; Deoxyribonuclease I /DU; Erythrocytes /UL; Heat; Macromolecular Systems; Micrococcal Nuclease /DU; Protein Binding; Protein Denaturation MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7004-12-8 (Arginine) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004698 TIIntermediates in the synthesis of TolC protein include an incomplete peptide stalled at a rare Arg codon. ABTolC is a minor outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli K 12 and is initially synthesized as a precursor. A distinct intermediate polypeptide of Mr about 46 000 was consistently observed at the initial stages of biosynthesis. The further elongation of this peptide can be blocked by chloramphenicol. We have investigated the cause of the temporary accumulation of the 46 000-Mr intermediate and we postulate that the presence of a rare codon AGA (Arg) at codon 402 of the tolC mRNA halts translating ribosomes owing to a limiting amount of the tRNAArg (AGA) species in the cell. The translation of tolC mRNA can be increased by providing T4 tRNAArg (AGA), encoded on a plasmid. AUMisra R; Reeves P EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p151-5 MJBacterial Outer Membrane Proteins MNArginine; Codon; Escherichia Coli; Immunologic Technics; Molecular Weight; Plasmids; Precipitation; Protein Precursors /ME; Translation, Genetic MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004699 TITwo-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement investigation of the solution structure and dynamics of the DNA octamer [d(GGTATACC)]2. ABThe resonances of nearly all 70 of the non-exchangeable protons of the duplex [d(GGTATACC)]2 in aqueous solution are assigned by proton two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement (2D NOE) spectra obtained in pure absorption phase at 500 MHz. Experimental and theoretical 2D NOE spectra are compared at each mixing time (100, 175, 250 and 400 ms) using two B-DNA structures: a standard B-form and an energy-minimized form. The GG and CC ends of the octamer duplex are well represented by the regular B-DNA structure. But large discrepancies from these models are observed for the 'TATA' box. All 2D NOE data are consistent with nanosecond correlation times, as indicated by non-selective proton spin-lattice relaxation times, but small variations in the correlation time are observed, suggesting that there are some local differences in mobility within the octamer duplex structure in solution. AUJamin N; James TL; Zon G EM8601 IDCA 27343 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p157-66 MJDNA; Nucleic Acid Conformation MNBase Sequence; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN146-17-8 (FMN); 14844-07-6 (Dithionite); 7439-89-6 (Iron); 9007-73-2 (Ferritin) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004700 TIReductive mobilisation of ferritin iron. ABThe reductive mobilisation of iron from ferritin, the principal protein of iron storage, was studied. The kinetic characteristics of iron release by dithionite, thioglycollate, and dihydroriboflavin 5'-phosphate (FMNH2) were found to differ widely. The dependence on pH is most pronounced for the dithionite reduction which proceeds 100 times faster at pH 4 than at pH 7. The experimental data can be consistently explained in terms of specific interactions of products or educts with interfacial iron(III) hydroxide of the ferritin core. Surface complexes with the product sulfite are postulated in the dithionite reaction, and with the educt in the thioglycollate reaction. Iron(II) complexes with the radical anion FMN-. are suggested to be involved in the iron release by FMNH2. The mobilisation of iron by a series of thiols of different size and coordinative properties confirmed the importance of surface complex formation. No evidence was found for predominant effects of hindered shell penetration. AUFunk F; Lenders JP; Crichton RR; Schneider W EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p167-72 MJFerritin; Iron MNDithionite; FMN; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Oxidation-Reduction; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Thioglycolates MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN124-94-7 (Triamcinolone); 50-02-2 (Dexamethasone) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004701 TIEvents in glucocorticoid hormone action. A correlation of histone H1 variant pattern changes, hormone binding to cell nuclei, and induction of mouse mammary tumor virus RNA. ABTo approach experimentally changes of chromatin structure introduced by glucocorticoids, the histone H1 compositions of hormone-treated and non-treated mouse mammary tumor cells of the GR line [Ringold, G., Lasfargues, E. Y., Bishop, J. M. and Varmus, H. E. (1975) Virology 65, 135-147] were compared. To define the biologically important hormone concentration range, the cells were exposed to different concentrations of triamcinolone, a synthetic glucocorticoid. The induction of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) RNA was measured by cDNA excess hybridization, and the amount of hormone bound to nuclei was determined by a filter-binding assay. Between 0.3 nM and 30 nM triamcinolone the relative increase in nuclear bound hormone corresponded well with the relative induction of MMTV RNA. The half-life of triamcinolone in nuclei of growing cells was 1 h, as measured by a pulse-chase experiment. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of histone H1 resulted in its separation into four subfractions. The treatment of cells with biologically active glucocorticoid, 3 nM or 30 nM triamcinolone or 1 microM dexamethasone, resulted in changes in the relative amounts of two subfractions and to a positional shift of two subfractions as compared to untreated cells. No changes were observed after exposure to 3 nM dexamethasone, a concentration which does not induce MMTV RNA [Ringold, G. M., Yamamoto, K. R., Tomkins, G. M., Bishop, J. M. and Varmus, H. E. (1975) Cell 6, 299-305]. AUWurtz T EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p173-8 MJGlucocorticoids /PD; Histones; Mammary Cancer Virus; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental /MI; RNA, Viral MNCell Line; Cell Nucleus /ME; Dexamethasone /ME /PD; Gene Expression Regulation /DE; Glucocorticoids /ME; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental /FG; Mice; Receptors, Glucocorticoid /PH; Triamcinolone /ME /PD; Virus Replication /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 4.1.1.39 (Ribulosebiphosphate Carboxylase) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004702 TISynthesis of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase in greening pea leaves. Coordination of mRNA level of two subunits. ABRibulose biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, with its large subunit encoded in the chloroplast and the small subunit in the nucleus, is induced by light. Accumulation of the enzyme, its two mRNA levels, and the synthesis rate of enzyme protein in pea leaves were followed during induction to understand the role of mRNA levels during greening subunit synthesis. The relative mRNA levels for the large and the small subunits increased coordinately up to 3-4 days, which almost corresponded to an inflection point of the accumulation profile of RuBisCO, and then the two mRNA levels gradually decreased. To obtain information of subunit synthesis, the extent of labelling of the two subunits were determined for both assembled and unassembled subunits using specific IgG. Unassembled subunits were found for both polypeptides, with a slight excess of the small one. The observed synthesis rates of the small and the large subunits were roughly coordinated without overproduction and almost stoichiometric amounts of the two polypeptides were found. The profiles of observed synthesis rate of the two subunits and the holoenzyme were similar to those of their mRNA levels. These results suggest that the synthesis of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase protein and its accumulation are dependent on the coordinated change of the two mRNA levels in greening pea leaves. AUSasaki Y; Tomoda Y; Tomi H; Kamikubo T; Shinozaki K EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p179-86 MJRibulosebiphosphate Carboxylase MNChloroplasts /PH; Enzyme Induction /RE; Gene Expression Regulation /RE; Legumes; Light; RNA, Messenger /GE; Ribulosebiphosphate Carboxylase /GE /IM MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4. (Carboxypeptidases); EC 4.2.1.1 (Carbonic Anhydrase); 7440-50-8 (Copper); 7440-66-6 (Zinc) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004703 TIAn estimation of the equivalent solution dielectric constant in the active-site cavity of metalloenzymes. Dependence of carboxylate-metal-ion complex stabilities on the polarity of mixed aqueous/organic solvents. ABThe stability constants of the 1:1 complexes between Cu2+ and Zn2+ with formate, acetate and several phenylalkanecarboxylates, i.e. C6H5-(CH2)n-COO- with n = 0 to 5, are summarized for water, 50% aqueous ethanol and 50% aqueous dioxane (I = 0.1 M; 25 degrees C): Complex stability depends upon carboxylate group basicity. The influence of varying amounts of ethanol or dioxane (up to 90%) on the stability of the Cu2+ and Zn2+ (M2+) complexes with formate and acetate (CA) was measured by potentiometric pH titrations. The values for pKHH(CA) and log KMM(CA) increase, as expected, with increasing amounts of the organic solvents, i.e. with decreasing solvent polarity. The changes in the equilibrium constants are also evaluated with regard to the mole fractions of the organic solvents and the corresponding dielectric constants. These results may be used to estimate for low dielectric cavities in proteins the equivalent solution dielectric constant on the basis of enhanced carboxylate basicity or metal ion binding capability (method 1). Furthermore, the measured stability constants are used for comparisons of the coordination tendency of carboxylate ligands towards zinc(II)-metalloenzymes (method 2); in this way the equivalent solution dielectric constants in the active-site cavities of bovine carbonic anhydrase and carboxypeptidase A are estimated: the values are of the order of 35 and 70, respectively. This method seems to be generally applicable to metalloproteins. AUSigel H; Martin RB; Tribolet R; Haring UK ; Malini-Balakrishnan R EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p187-93 MJMetalloproteins MNBinding Sites; Carbonic Anhydrase; Carboxylic Acids; Carboxypeptidases; Chemistry, Physical; Copper; Electricity; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Solvents; Zinc MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.1.34 (Lipoprotein Lipase); 0 (1,3-dioleoyl-2-(4-pyrenylbutanoyl) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004704 TIHydrolysis of very-low-density lipoproteins labeled with a fluorescent triacylglycerol: 1,3-dioleoyl-2-(4-pyrenylbutanoyl)glycerol. ABThe fluorescent triacylglycerol (DPBG) 1,3-dioleoyl-2-(4-pyrenylbutanoyl)glycerol was incorporated into plasma very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) to form DPBG-VLDL. In the presence of albumin, the addition of milk lipoprotein lipase to DPBG-VLDL hydrolyses DPBG together with the VLDL triacylglycerol and pyrenyl fatty acids are transferred to albumin. As a consequence the monomer fluorescence increases while that of the excimer decreases [Mantulin, W. W., Massey, J. B., Gotto, A. M., Jr & Pownall, H. J. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 10815-10819]. The relationship of the intensity of the excimer at 475 nm to that of the monomer at 396 nm was measured before and after lipolysis of VLDL by milk lipoprotein lipase. These fluorescent changes parallel the release of free fatty acids from VLDL and their uptake by albumin. The rate of increase of monomer to excimer fluorescence was dependent upon the enzyme, substrate and albumin concentration. The lipolysis reaction, as monitored by fluorescence changes, followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of 1.7 M for milk lipoprotein lipase. The use of the fluorescent triacylglycerol probe increases the sensitivity of the technique by a factor 50-80 compared to a technique previously reported using a fluorescent phospholipid. The present method is applicable to 2-10 micrograms triacylglycerol corresponding to about 50-100 microliters of newborn plasma or 30-50 microliters normal adult plasma. The use of an Airfuge ultracentrifuge for VLDL isolation, in conjunction with that of DPBG as a fluorescent probe enables a rapid study of VLDL lipolysis on minimal sample amounts. It can therefore be easily applied to normal and dyslipoproteinemic samples and to the newborns. AURosseneu M; Taveirne MJ; Caster H; Van Biervliet JP EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p195-8 MJFluorescent Dyes; Lipoproteins, VLDL; Triglycerides MNAlbumins /ME; Fatty Acids /ME; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Lipid Mobilization; Lipoprotein Lipase /ME; Substrate Specificity MTHuman RN0 (heat stable toxin (E coli) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004705 TIIsolation, primary structure and synthesis of heat-stable enterotoxin produced by Yersinia enterocolitica. ABFive heat-stable enterotoxins were isolated from the culture supernatant of Yersinia enterocolitica and purified to homogeneity by DEAE-Sephacel and high-performance liquid chromatographies. They caused acute fluid accumulation in the intestine of suckling mice. The amino acid sequence of one of the enterotoxins was determined to be Ser-Ser-Asp-Trp-Asp-Cys-Cys-Asp-Val-Cys-Cys-Asn-Pro-Ala-Cys-Ala-Gly-Cys, by Edman degradation of its pyridylethylated derivative and a combination of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and carboxypeptidase B digestion. This structure was unambiguously confirmed by chemical synthesis. The other enterotoxins had longer or shorter amino acid sequences at their N termini, but the same sequence at their C termini. The six half-cystine residues formed intramolecular disulfide linkages, as shown by measurement of the molecular masses of the enterotoxins by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The sequence of 13 amino acid residues at the C terminus showed similarity to those of heat-stable enterotoxins isolated from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli [Aimoto, S. et al. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 129, 257-263; Takao, T. et al. (1983) FEBS Lett. 152, 1-5] suggesting that these similar sequences are related to the common biological and immunological properties of enterotoxins produced by Y. enterocolitica and enterotoxigenic E. coli. AUTakao T; Tominaga N; Yoshimura S; Shimonishi Y; Hara S; Inoue T; Miyama A EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p199-206 MJBacterial Toxins; Enterotoxins; Yersinia enterocolitica MNAmino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Toxins /CS /IP; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enterotoxins /CS /IP; Spectrum Analysis, Mass MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004706 TIDetection and distribution of myosin isozymes in vertebrate smooth muscle. ABCrude extracts of taenia coli (guinea-pig), gizzard (chicken), stomach, colon, ureter, bladder, mesenteric vein, mesenteric artery, uterus and vas deferens (dog) were electrophoresed under conditions which do not denature myosin (pyrophosphate gels). Two isozymes (G1 and G2) were observed in all cases. Their mobilities are the same in all organs, but there are some variations in their relative proportions. They have an ATPase activity. Based on electrophoretic mobility the light chains (L20 and L17) seem to be the same for both isozymes whilst the heavy chains are different. Isozyme G2 contains one type of heavy chain of an apparent molecular mass of 230 kDa, whilst isozyme G1 contains two types of heavy chains: one of apparent molecular mass of 230 kDa, and the other of apparent molecular mass of 200 kDa. AUBeckers-Bleukx G; Marechal G EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p207-11 MJMuscle, Smooth; Myosin MNAdenosine Triphosphatase /AN; Dogs; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel /MT; Guinea Pigs; Isoenzymes /AN; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /EN; Polymorphism (Genetics); Pyrophosphates; Temperature MTAnimal; Comparative Study RNEC 3.2.1. (Glycoside Hydrolases); EC 3.2.1.76 (Iduronidase) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004707 TIHuman alpha-L-iduronidase. 1. Purification, monoclonal antibody production, native and subunit molecular mass. ABHuman alpha-L-iduronidase from liver was purified about 20 000-fold with a new rapid three-step, five-column procedure which consisted of a Concanavalin-A-Sepharose/Blue-A-Agarose coupled step, a CM-Sepharose/Bio-Gel HT coupled step followed by a cupric-ion-chelating Sepharose 6B step. The behaviour of alpha-L-iduronidase on gel permeation chromatography was dependent upon both pH and ionic strength of the eluting buffer. The formation of species with enzyme activity which behaved as large-molecular-mass aggregates was favoured under conditions of low ionic strength and neutral pH. The amount of high-Mr species diminished as the pH decreased or the ionic strength increased to favour a single active species of Mr 65 000. A specific monoclonal antibody was generated against liver alpha-L-iduronidase. The antibody specifically immunoprecipitated enzyme activity from both crude and purified sources. The subunit Mr of liver alpha-L-iduronidase was estimated to be 65 000 using SDS-PAGE. Monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitation of radiolabelled enzyme was used to provide definitive confirmation of this subunit size. AUClements PR; Brooks DA; Saccone GT; Hopwood JJ EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p21-8 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Glycoside Hydrolases; Iduronidase /IP MNAntibody Specificity; Chromatography /MT; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iduronidase /IM; Liver /EN; Lysosomes /EN; Molecular Weight; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Denaturation; Solubility MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004708 TIAmino acid sequence of the N-terminal aggregation and cross-linking region (7S domain) of the alpha 1 (IV) chain of human basement membrane collagen. ABThe amino acid sequence of the 216-residue-long N-terminal aggregation and cross-linking 7S domain of the alpha 1 (IV) chain of human placental basement membrane collagen is presented. The N terminus of the alpha 1 (IV) chain starts with a non-triple-helical region, which is at least 15 residues long and contains four cysteine and two lysine residues as putative cross-linking sites. This segment is followed by a 120-residue-long triple helical region, which contains the unusual occurrence of a cysteine residue in the Xaa position of a Gly-Xaa-Yaa triplet. Since individual molecules in the 7S domain are associated in an antiparallel manner, this cysteine probably aligns with one of the four cysteines in the amino-terminal end of an adjacent molecule, forming an intermolecular disulfide bridge. The length of the overlap of two adjacent molecules is estimated to be about 110 residues. The triple helix adjacent to the overlap zone is interrupted by a 10-residue-long non-helical area, which is probably responsible for the flexible region of the molecules in the neighbourhood of the overlap zone observed in the electron microscope. The mode of aggregation of the 7S domain, the formation of intermolecular cross-links as well as the relatively high stability of this region against proteolytic attack are discussed in the light of the elucidated amino acid sequence. AUGlanville RW; Qian RQ; Siebold B; Risteli J; Kuhn K EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p213-9 MJCollagen MNAmino Acid Sequence; Basement Membrane /UL; Extracellular Matrix /UL; Macromolecular Systems; Peptide Fragments; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1. (Pyrophosphatases); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7786-30-3 (magnesium chloride) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004709 TISynthesis of pyrophosphate by chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum in the light and by soluble yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase in water-organic solvent mixtures. ABChromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum contain a membrane-bound pyrophosphatase that synthesizes pyrophosphate when an electrochemical H+ gradient is formed across the chromatophore membrane upon illumination. In this report it is shown that MgCl2 and Pi have different effects on the synthesis of pyrophosphate in the light depending on whether initial velocities or steady-state levels are examined. When the water activity of the medium is reduced by the addition of organic solvents, soluble yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase (no H+ gradient present) synthesizes pyrophosphate in amounts similar to those synthesized by the chromatophores in totally aqueous medium during illumination, (H+ gradient present). The pH, MgCl2 and Pi dependence for the synthesis of pyrophosphate by the chromatophores at steady-state is similar to that observed at equilibrium with the soluble enzyme in the presence of organic solvents. The possibility is raised that a decrease in water activity may play a role in the mechanism by which the energy derived from the electrochemical H+ gradient is used for the synthesis of pyrophosphate in chromatophores of R. rubrum. AUBehrens MI; De Meis L EM8601 IDHL 27867 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p221-7 MJPyrophosphates; Rhodospirillum Rubrum MNBacteriochlorophylls; Chromatophores; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Light; Magnesium /PD; Membrane Potentials; Phosphates; Pyrophosphatases /ME MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN70052-12-9 (alpha-difluoromethylornithine); 7006-33-9 (Ornithine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004710 TIPolyamine depletion results in impairment of polyribosome formation and protein synthesis before onset of DNA synthesis in mitogen-activated human lymphocytes. ABLymphocytes, exposed to mitogens in culture, show enhanced protein and RNA synthesis before the onset of DNA synthesis. Inhibition by DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine of polyamine synthesis in phytohaemagglutinin-activated human lymphocytes resulted in a suppression of protein synthesis, which was evident before the initiation of DNA synthesis. The mitogen-induced increase in the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was subsequently inhibited in parallel with the activity of thymidine kinase in the polyamine-depleted cells. Ultraviolet absorbance measurement of the ribosomes after sucrose gradient centrifugation revealed a suppression of polyribosome formation that coincided with the decrease in the rate of protein synthesis. The disturbance in the polysomal profiles did not appear to be due to a shortage of mRNA, since the synthesis of poly(A)-rich mRNA was reduced less than that of rRNA after inhibiting polyamine synthesis. Entry of both the pre-existing and newly synthesized ribosomal subunits into polysomal structures was found to be impaired. These results thus suggest an important role for polyamines in the initiation step of protein synthesis. AUHoltta E ; Hovi T EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p229-37 MJDNA; Lymphocytes; Polyamines; Polyribosomes; Proteins MNDNA Replication /DE; Lymphocyte Transformation /DE; Mitogens /PD; Ornithine /AA /PD; RNA, Messenger /BI; RNA, Ribosomal /BI; Translation, Genetic /DE MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.2.1. (Glycoside Hydrolases); EC 3.2.1.76 (Iduronidase); 7440-50-8 (Copper); 7447-39-4 (cupric chloride); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride); 7757-82-6 (sodium sulfate) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004711 TIHuman alpha-L-iduronidase. 2. Catalytic properties. ABThe kinetic parameters of human liver alpha-L-iduronidase were determined with three disaccharide substrates: alpha-L-iduronosyl(1----4)2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]mannitol 6-sulphate, alpha-L-iduronosyl(1----4)2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]mannitol and alpha-L-iduronosyl(1----3)2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]talitol 4-sulphate, derived from the natural substrates heparin and dermatan sulphate and one synthetic, fluorogenic substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-L-iduronide. The enzyme activity with all four substrates was optimal at about pH 4.5. The Km values derived using the disaccharide substrates were elevated up to 10-fold with up to a 6.5-fold increase in ionic strength whereas that for the synthetic substrate was only increased by 1.7-fold. The V values for all substrates were unaffected. The inhibitory effect of NaCl, Na2SO4, NaH2PO4 or CuCl2 on enzyme activity was more pronounced with the disaccharide substrates than with the synthetic substrate. The moiety which is most important in binding is the idopyranosyl residue. While the aglycone residue adds to the net affinity for the enzyme, it is the substituent groups of both residues which appear to control catalysis. Specifically the carboxyl moiety of the alpha-L-iduronic acid residue is essential for catalysis while the presence of sulphate on the C4 or C6 position of the aglycone residue has a major influence on catalysis rather than binding. alpha-L-Idosyl(1----4)2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]mannitol 6-sulphate did not undergo catalysis and was a potent inhibitor of enzyme activity, whereas beta-glucuronosyl(1----4)2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]mannitol 6-sulphate, alpha-L-iduronosyl-2-sulphate(1----4)2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]-mannitol 6-sulphate and 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-L-idoside did not undergo catalysis and were not inhibitory. A model of the catalytic requirements of alpha-L-iduronidase is proposed. AUClements PR; Muller V; Hopwood JJ EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p29-34 MJGlycoside Hydrolases; Iduronidase MNCatalysis; Copper /PD; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Liver /EN; Molecular Conformation; Osmolar Concentration; Sodium Chloride /PD; Substrate Specificity; Sulfates /PD MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.13.12. (Mixed Function Oxidases); EC 1.14. (Hydroxylases); EC 1.14.99.- (coumarin hydroxylase); 288-13-1 (pyrazole); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004712 TISelective induction of coumarin 7-hydroxylase by pyrazole in D2 mice. ABPyrazole, was given to DBA/2N (D2), C57BL/6N (B6) and AKR/N mice to study its effects on hepatic drug metabolism. A decrease in the total amount of microsomal cytochrome P-450 as well as in the activities of ethylmorphine demethylase and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase was found. On the other hand ethoxycoumarin de-ethylase was increased 1.5-2.5-fold (depending on the strain of mouse) and coumarin 7-hydroxylase as much as sevenfold (but only in D2 mice) after pyrazole treatment. This increase was much higher than that caused by phenobarbital, the only well known inducer of coumarin 7-hydroxylase. By reconstituting the mono-oxygenase complex after purification of cytochrome P-450 we found a 40-fold increase in coumarin 7-hydroxylase and eightfold increase in ethoxycoumarin de-ethylase after pyrazole treatment. This was found only in D2 mice. An antibody previously developed against a cytochrome P-450 fraction from the the D2 strain with a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity inhibited the microsomal coumarin 7-hydroxylase almost 100% after pyrazole pretreatment of the animals. In the case of control or phenobarbital-treated mice the inhibition was somewhat weaker. With the reconstituted mono-oxygenase complex the inhibition of coumarin 7-hydroxylase was almost 100% both for control and pyrazole-treated D2 mice. The data indicate that pyrazole causes an induction of the microsomal monooxygenase complex different from that caused by phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene and selective for coumarin 7-hydroxylation or 7-ethoxycoumarin de-ethylation. This induction was strong in D2, weak in B6 and absent in AKR/N mice. AUJuvonen RO; Kaipainen PK; Lang MA EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p3-8 MJCytochrome P-450; Hydroxylases /BI; Mixed Function Oxidases; Pyrazoles MNAntibodies /IM; Enzyme Induction /DE; Hydroxylases /AI /IM; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Microsomes, Liver /EN MTAnimal; Male IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004713 TIHybrid pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes reconstituted from components of the complexes from Escherichia coli and Azotobacter vinelandii. ABThe pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli was isolated in a simple three-step procedure. Its chain stoichiometry, determined by trinitrobenzoate modification was found to be 1.4 E1:1 E2:0.6 E3. It was reproducible within 10% from preparation to preparation. The E. coli complex was resolved by chromatography on activated thiol Sepharose. Reconstitution of activity yielded a stoichiometry of 1.0 E1:1 E2:0.5 E3. The optimum binding stoichiometry of E1E2 and E2E3 subcomplexes was determined by sedimentation experiments and found to be 2.0 E1:1 E2 and 2.5 E3:1 E2, respectively. Competition between E1 and E3 was observed in the binding experiments, but not in the kinetic experiments. Hybrid active complexes could be reconstituted from either an E1E2 subcomplex from Azotobacter vinelandii and the E3 component from E. coli or from E2E3 subcomplex from E. coli and the E1 component from A. vinelandii. Low activity and weak binding was observed when E1 from E. coli was recombined with an E2E3 subcomplex from A. vinelandii or when E3 from A. vinelandii was recombined with an E1E2 subcomplex from E. coli. The association behaviour and stoichiometry of the reconstituted complexes is determined by the nature of the E2 component. The formation of hybrid complexes indicates a considerable structural similarity between the complexes from both sources, despite the differences in size and stoichiometry. AUde Kok A; Westphal AH EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p35-41 MJAzotobacter; Escherichia Coli; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex MNHybridization; Macromolecular Systems MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN11028-71-0 (Concanavalin A); 11096-37-0 (Transferrin); 31103-86-3 (Mannose); 9006-59-1 (Ovalbumin) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004714 TIHigh-mannose structure of apolipoprotein-B from low-density lipoproteins of human plasma. ABHuman plasma low-density lipoproteins were purified by flotation followed by gel filtration. The protein moiety of the lipoproteins, apolipoprotein-B, which was detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as the only protein component, contained 4.4% (by weight) carbohydrate. Glycopeptides liberated from apolipoprotein-B by pronase were fractionated by affinity chromatography on concanavalin-A--Sepharose. The results indicated that high-mannose glycopeptides interacting strongly with the lectin comprise about 37% of the total monosaccharides of apolipoprotein-B. Thus, as compared to the total serum glycoproteins having about 5% of their monosaccharides in high-mannose glycopeptides, low-density lipoproteins are relatively enriched in these structures amounting up to about 10% of the total high-mannose oligosaccharides in serum. The rest of the carbohydrates in low-density lipoproteins are suggested to be mainly biantennary acidic oligosaccharides interacting weakly with concanavalin A. The oligomannosidic chains from native low-density lipoproteins and isolated glycopeptides were released by digestion with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. Thin-layer chromatography of the released oligosaccharides indicated that apolipoprotein-B contains five different oligomannosidic structures varying in the number of the mannose residues from Man5GlcNAc to Man9GlcNAc. Separation of the per-O-benzoylated high-mannose oligosaccharides by high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed the same polymeric structures in a molar ratio (from Man5 to Man9) of 10:2:3:2:3. Apolipoprotein-B in low-density lipoproteins was calculated to contain five high-mannose chains in total. The different high-mannose oligosaccharides liberated by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H were isolated with high-pressure liquid chromatography after reduction with NaBH4, and subjected to methylation analysis with gas-liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry. The data of these studies and the results of exoglycosidase treatment suggest the following structure for the main high-mannose oligosaccharide: (formula: see text) The higher polymeric structures are composed of chains in which the Man5GlcNAc structure is continued by one to four Man(alpha 1-2) residues. AUVauhkonen M; Viitala J; Parkkinen J; Rauvala H EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p43-50 MJApolipoproteins B; Lipoproteins, LDL MNCarbohydrate Sequence; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Concanavalin A /DU; Glycopeptides /AN; Mannose; Ovalbumin /AN; Transferrin /AN MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.1.- (protamine kinase); EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein Kinases); EC 2.7.1.70 (Histone Kinase); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride); 7786-30-3 (magnesium chloride) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004716 TIPartial purification and characterization of a new phosphoprotein kinase from cells infected with pseudorabies virus. ABCytoplasmic fractions from normal baby hamster kidney fibroblasts and from fibroblasts infected with pseudorabies virus were fractionated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and fractions assayed for protein kinase activity. In preparations from uninfected and infected cells protein kinase activities identified as casein kinase I and II, the two isoforms of the cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, and a presumed proteolytic fragment of protein kinase C were present in comparable amounts. However in infected cells a new protein kinase activity was detected, appearing about 4 h after infection and increasing during the following 6 h at least. This new protein kinase was purified 100-fold by high-performance gel-permeation and ion-exchange chromatography, and characterized. It has an apparent relative molecular mass of 68 000 on the basis of gel-permeation chromatography, and a sedimentation coefficient of 4.3 S. It catalysed the phosphorylation of serine residues of basic proteins in vitro, with protamine a better substrate than mixed histones; and used ATP (apparent Km = 60 microM), but not GTP, as phosphoryl donor. Molecules that can serve as effectors for other protein kinases (cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, Ca2+ + calmodulin, Ca2+ + phospholipid, double-stranded RNA, and heparin) did not significantly alter the activity of this enzyme. A distinguishing characteristic of the protein kinase was a high KCl concentration optimum with the persistence of activity up to 800 mM KCl, at least. AUKatan M; Stevely WS; Leader DP EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p57-65 MJProtein Kinases /ME; Pseudorabies MNCells, Cultured; Hamsters; Histone Kinase /ME; Magnesium /PD; Molecular Weight; Potassium Chloride /PD; Protein Kinases /IP; Substrate Specificity MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004717 TITransport of proteins into chloroplasts. The effect of incorporation of amino acid analogues on the import and processing of chloroplast polypeptides. ABWe have synthesized abnormal precursors of imported chloroplast proteins by incorporating amino acid analogues during translation in a cell-free wheat germ system. Incorporation of analogues of either proline, arginine or leucine markedly inhibits both the import of Pisum sativum ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase small subunit precursor by isolated chloroplasts and processing to the mature size by the purified processing enzyme. One effect of the arginine analogue is to remove a positive charge(s) in the precursor essential for efficient recognition by the processing enzyme. Incorporation of a lysine analogue results in moderate inhibition of the import of small subunit precursor but complete inhibition of import of the chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptide precursor. The effect of carboxymethylation on the import of chloroplast proteins is also analyzed. The results indicate that residues essential for transport of the imported proteins by the chloroplast vary among different protein precursors. AURobinson C; Ellis RJ EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p67-73 MJChloroplasts; Plant Proteins MNAmino Acids /ME; Biological Transport; Legumes; Molecular Weight; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; RNA, Messenger /GE MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.6. (Sulfatases); EC 3.1.6.11 (disulfoglucosamine-6-sulfatase); 0 (glucosamine 6-O-sulfate); 3416-24-8 (Glucosamine) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004718 TIFlavobacterium heparinum 6-O-sulphatase for N-substituted glucosamine 6-O-sulphate. ABA specific glyco-6-O-sulphatase has been purified to homogeneity from Flavobacterium heparinum. The enzyme hydrolyses the 6-O-sulphates of 2-deoxy-2-sulphamido-6-O-sulpho-D-glucose (GlcNS-6S), 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulpho-D-glucose (GlcNAc-6S) and 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-O-sulphato-D-glucose (GlcN-6S). The activity was purified 2100-fold by successive chromatography on CM-Sepharose CL-6B, Sepharose CL-4B, hydroxyapatite and blue-Sepharose CL-6B. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a protein of relative molecular mass 64000. Four novel assays were developed using 35S-labelled and 14C-labelled monosaccharides. The purified enzyme was free of all other known heparin-degrading enzymes. In particular this was the first resolution of the 6-O-sulphatase from the sulphamidase. Optimal activity was at pH 7.5. Enzyme activity was virtually unaffected by Na+ and K+ ions. Enhancements of activity of 12% and 30% were effected by Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions respectively. Inorganic phosphate and sulphate (both 0.005 mol dm-3) inhibited activity by 48% and 50% respectively. The Km value for the free amino substrate GlcN-6S was 1.35 mmol dm-3. In contrast the Km values for the GlcNAc-6S and GlcNS-6S were 54 mumol dm-3 and 16 mumol dm-3 respectively. AUBruce JS; McLean MW; Williamson FB; Long WF EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p75-82 MJFlavobacterium; Sulfatases /ME MNGlucosamine /AA /ME; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Sulfatases /IP MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 86332-16-3 (N-cyclohexyl-N'-(4-dimethylamino-alpha-naphthyl) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004719 TISpectral and catalytical properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase labeled with N-cyclohexyl-N'-(4-dimethylamino-1-naphthyl)-carbodiimide. ABN-Cyclohexyl-N'-(dimethylamino)-carbodiimide (NCD-4) labels three sites in the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase which can be resolved by their spectral properties and by their effects on the catalytical activity of the enzyme. One site is not protectable by Ca2+ ions or by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and is not essential for catalytical activity. Two Ca2+-protectable sites, whose modification leads to a biphasic inhibition of Ca-ATPase activity, have fluorescence emission maxima at 407 nm and 425 nm. The Ca-ATPase modified by NCD-4 hydrolyses ATP but does not translocate Ca2+ nor does it undergo the conformational changes associated with Ca2+ binding in the native enzyme. High concentrations of Ca2+ induce slow biphasic fluorescence quenching in the Ca-ATPase labeled selectively at the 407-nm site but the signals are largely abolished by modification of the 425-nm site. Both vanadate ions and ATP reverse this Ca2+-induced fluorescence quenching. It is proposed that NCD-4 labels the two high-affinity Ca2+-binding sites of the Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase and that the conformational changes in the modified enzyme may reflect interactions between the two sites. AUPick U; Weiss M EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p83-9 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium; Carbodiimides /PD; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum MNCalcium /ME; Carbodiimides /DU; Catalysis; Protein Conformation /DE; Rabbits; Spectrometry, Fluorescence MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.99.- (Staphylococcus V-8 protease); 38183-12-9 (Fluorescamine); 9011-04-5 (Hexadimethrine) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004720 TIProtein-blotting on Polybrene-coated glass-fiber sheets. A basis for acid hydrolysis and gas-phase sequencing of picomole quantities of protein previously separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel. ABA procedure has been developed which allows the immobilization on glass-fiber sheets coated with the polyquaternary amine, Polybrene, of proteins and protein fragments previously separated on sodium-dodecylsulfate-containing polyacrylamide gels. The transfer is carried out essentially as has been used for protein blotting on nitrocellulose membranes [Towbin, H., Staehelin, T. and Gordon, J. (1979) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 76, 4350-4354], but is now used to determine the amino acid composition and partial sequence of the immobilized proteins. Protein transfer could be carried out after staining the proteins in the gels with Coomassie blue, by which immobilized proteins are visible as blue spots, or without previous staining, after which transferred proteins are detected as fluorescent spots following reaction with fluorescamine. The latter procedure was found to be more efficient and yielded binding capacities of +/- 20 micrograms/cm2. Fluorescamine detection was of equal or higher sensitivity than the classical Coomassie staining of proteins in the gel. Immobilized proteins could be hydrolyzed when still present on the glass fiber and reliable amino acid compositions were obtained for various reference proteins immobilized in less than 100 pmol quantities. In addition, and more importantly, glass-fiber-bound proteins could be subjected to the Edman degradation procedure by simply cutting out the area of the sheet carrying the immobilized protein and mounting the disc in the reaction chamber of the gas-phase sequenator. Results of this immobilization-sequencing technique are shown for immobilized myoglobin (1 nmol) and two proteolytic fragments of actin (+/- 80 pmol each) previously separated on a sodium-dodecylsulfate-containing gel. AUVandekerckhove J; Bauw G; Puype M; Van Damme J; Van Montagu M EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p9-19 MJElectrophoresis; Hexadimethrine; Polyamines; Proteins MNAmino Acid Sequence; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel /MT; Fluorescamine /DU; Glass; Hydrolysis; Muscle Proteins /AN; Peptide Peptidohydrolases /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (proteodermatan sulfate); 17090-79-8 (Monensin); 24967-94-0 (Dermatan Sulfate); 9007-27-6 (Chondroitin) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004721 TIInfluence of monensin on biosynthesis, processing and secretion of proteodermatan sulfate by skin fibroblasts. ABThe influence of monensin on biosynthesis, processing and secretion of proteodermatan sulfate from human skin fibroblasts was studied with the aid of a specific immunological procedure. Double-labeling experiments with [3H]leucine and [35S]sulfate indicated that monensin caused a dose-dependent parallel decrease of sulfate incorporation into total and of secretion of 3H-labeled proteodermatan sulfate. Compared with the untreated control, a greater proportion of incorporated [35S]sulfate than of incorporated [3H]leucine became secreted. Other monensin effects were a moderate intracellular accumulation of glycosaminoglycan-free core protein, a reduced chain length and a greatly reduced epimerization of D-glucuronic to L-iduronic acid residues. In contrast to the formation of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate residues 6-sulfation was not affected. Conversion of high-mannose-type oligosaccharides to complex-type N-glycans which normally occurred concomitantly with glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis was inhibited. Withdrawal of monensin made possible an additional sulfation of intracellularly accumulated proteodermatan sulfate. The newly formed sulfate esters did not cluster at the non-reducing ends of the glycosaminoglycan chains. Cells preexposed to monensin and labeled with [3H]glucosamine either in the absence or continuous presence of the drug incorporated similar amounts of 3H radioactivity into proteodermatan sulfate. The results suggest that epimerization of D-glucuronic acid residues and 4-sulfation occur predominantly in the trans cisternae of the Golgi apparatus whereas chain polymerisation and 6-sulfation take place predominantly in the cis Golgi complex. AUHoppe W; Glossl J ; Kresse H EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p91-7 MJChondroitin; Dermatan Sulfate; Furans; Monensin; Proteoglycans /ME MNCells, Cultured; Dermatan Sulfate /BI /ME; Fibroblasts; Hexosamines /ME; Molecular Weight; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Proteoglycans /BI; Skin /CY /ME; Sulfates /ME MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN443-72-1 (6-methyladenine); 73-24-5 (Adenine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0014-2956 LAEnglish JCEMZ SBM; X UI86004722 TIConsequences of methylation on the amino group of adenine. A proton two-dimensional NMR study of d(GGATATCC) and d(GGm6ATATCC). ABA two-dimensional 500-MHz 1H-NMR study of two oligonucleotides, d(GGATATCC) and d(GGm6ATATCC), is presented in which we have investigated the effects of adenine methylation. The two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser spectra (NOESY) show that both oligonucleotides adopt a normal right-handed B-type helix and one-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) studies demonstrate that any difference in conformation must be small. However methylation drastically slows down the helix in equilibrium coil exchange which becomes slow on a proton NMR time scale. While d(GGATATCC) fits a two-site exchange model, d(GGm6ATATCC) does not and we invoke the presence of a third species which may be an intermediate in helix formation. NMR and ultraviolet spectroscopy show that methylation destabilizes the helix, measured by the melting temperature and enthalpy of dissociation. AUQuignard E; Fazakerley GV; Teoule R; Guy A; Guschlbauer W EM8601 SOEur J Biochem (Germany, West), Oct 1 1985, 152(1) p99-105 MJAdenine; DNA; Nucleic Acid Conformation MNHydrogen Bonding; Methylation; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Structure-Activity Relationship RN9008-18-8 (Keratin) IS0171-9335 LAEnglish JCEM7 SBM UI86004723 TIAlteration in the arrangement of the keratin-type intermediate filaments during mitosis in cultured human keratinocytes. ABThe behavior of the keratin-type intermediate filaments (KIFs) during mitosis was characterized in cultured human keratinocytes by immunofluorescence microscopy using polyclonal antibodies to keratin. The structural relationship of KIFs with microtubules (MTs) was also studied at the same time using a monoclonal antibody to alpha-tubulin. The KIFs and MTs showed similar but different cytoskeletal networks and underwent structural rearrangements independently during the cell cycle. KIFs in keratinocytes formed two different arrangements during meta- and anaphase: a global aggregation of filaments around the spindle and a fibrous array radiating from the central, global aggregation of filaments to the cell periphery where they were connected with those of the adjacent cells at desmosomal sites. These radiating fibrous portions of KIFs appeared to play a role in retaining the cell in its correct relationship to the surrounding cells during mitosis. This behavior of KIFs in normal keratinocytes was different from the KIF-alterations which had been previously described in SV40-transformed keratinocytes and other cells which expressed two different IFs (keratin and vimentin). AUKitajima Y; Inoue S; Yoneda K; Mori S; Yaoita H EM8601 SOEur J Cell Biol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 38(2) p219-25 MJCytoskeleton; Epidermis; Intermediate Filaments; Keratin; Mitosis MNCells, Cultured; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Interphase; Microtubules /PH; Tubulin /AN MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (phosphoprotein pp60(src); 0 (vinculin); 55520-40-6 (Tyrosine) IS0171-9335 LAEnglish JCEM7 SBM UI86004724 TIVinculin and 36 kDa protein are not tyrosine-phosphorylated in Rous sarcoma virus infected cells which have been treated with interferon [published erratum appears in Eur J Cell Biol 1986 Mar;40(1):133] ABThe expression of membrane-associated transformation-specific parameters was analyzed in de novo Rous sarcoma virus (strain SR-RSV-D) infected chicken embryo fibroblasts pretreated with homologous interferon. Cellular morphology, hexose transport, microfilament organization, and tyrosine-phosphate content of two primary substrates of the transformation-generating viral kinase, pp60src, were found indistinguishable from non-infected controls. These observations support the hypothesis that vinculin and possibly 36 kDa protein are involved in microfilament organization and that tyrosine-phosphorylation of these structural proteins is a prerequisite for the rearrangement of microfilaments during transformation. In de novo infection, interferon pretreatment reduces viral protein synthesis and pp60src activity as compared to non-treated, SR-RSV-D infected cells. However, the phosphotyrosine content of total cellular proteins as measured under steady state conditions is as high in interferon-pretreated as in nontreated transformed cells. AUStrube W; Jungwirth C; Ziemiecki A; Jockusch BM EM8601 SOEur J Cell Biol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 38(2) p226-33 MJAvian Sarcoma Viruses; Interferons; Muscle Proteins; Tyrosine; Viral Proteins MNAvian Sarcoma Viruses /EN; Cell Transformation, Viral /DE; Chick Embryo; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Fibroblasts /DE /ME /MI; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Molecular Weight; Phosphorylation; Retroviridae Proteins /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9008-18-8 (Keratin) IS0171-9335 LAEnglish JCEM7 SBM UI86004725 TIMicroinjection of monoclonal antibodies specific for one intermediate filament protein in cells containing multiple keratins allow insight into the composition of particular 10 nm filaments. ABMonoclonal antibodies specific for vimentin (V9), keratin 7 (CK 7) and keratin 18 (CK5) have been microinjected into three human epithelial cell lines: HeLa, MCF-7 and RT-4. The effect of the injection on other keratin polypeptides and vimentin filaments has been observed by double label immunofluorescence and in some instances by immunoelectron microscopy using gold labels of different sizes. Microinjection of V9 into HeLa cells causes the vimentin to collapse into a perinuclear cap leaving the keratin filaments unaffected. Injection of CK5 does not affect the vimentin filaments but disrupts the keratin filaments revealing keratin aggregates similar to those seen in some epithelial cell lines during mitosis. The keratin aggregates obtained after microinjection in HeLa contain the keratins 8 and 18 and probably also other keratins, as no residual keratin filaments are observed with a keratin polyclonal antibody of broad specificity. Aggregates in mitotic HeLa cells contain at least the keratins 7, 8, and 18. In MCF-7 cells keratins 8, 18, and 19 are observed in the aggregates seen 3 h after microinjection which, however, show a different morphology from those seen in HeLa cells. In MCF-7 cells a new keratin filament is built within 6 h after the injection which is composed mainly of keratin 8 and 19. The antibody-complexed keratin 18 remains in spherical aggregates of different size. The results suggest that in HeLa cells vimentin and keratin form independent networks, and that individual 10 nm filaments in epithelial cell lines can contain more than two keratins. AUTolle HG ; Weber K; Osborn M EM8601 SOEur J Cell Biol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 38(2) p234-44 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Cytoskeleton; Intermediate Filaments; Keratin; Vimentin MNAntibody Specificity; Guinea Pigs; Hela Cells /AN /UL; Intermediate Filaments /UL; Interphase; Keratin /IM; Mice; Microinjections; Microscopy, Electron; Mitosis; Peptide Fragments /AN; Vimentin /IM MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0171-9335 LAEnglish JCEM7 SBM UI86004726 TITropomyosin in peripheral ruffles of cultured rat kidney cells. ABTropomyosin distribution has been studied in two normal lines and one transformed line of rat kidney cells during the early phases of substrate attachment and growth. One non-motile normal line, which spreads rapidly after attachment, immediately begins to assemble prominent stress fibers that contain tropomyosin. It displays small peripheral ruffles that are not noticeably stained with anti-tropomyosin. The other normal line is motile and produces large ruffles that are brightly stained with anti-tropomyosin. Large numbers of tropomyosin-positive stress fibers assemble only after the cells stop moving and lose the peripheral ruffles. The transformed line does not assemble stress fibers but does contain large numbers of actin filament bundles in ruffles on the cell surface that are stained with anti-tropomyosin. These observations indicate that cytoskeletal tropomyosin is not restricted in distribution to stress fibers, and may undergo re-organization along with actin during the transition from motile to non-motile behavior. AUWarren RH; Gordon E; Azarnia R EM8601 IDCA 33265 SOEur J Cell Biol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 38(2) p245-53 MJCytoskeleton; Kidney; Tropomyosin /AN MNAntibody Specificity; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Chickens; Cytoskeleton /UL; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Gizzard; Microinjections; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Rats; Tropomyosin /AD /IM MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0171-9335 LAEnglish JCEM7 SBM UI86004727 TIMouse teratocarcinoma and embryonic development. Two-dimensional protein patterns in nerve differentiation. ABThe transition in mouse teratocarcinomas of pluripotential stem cells to histogenetically determined ones of the neurogenic cell lineage was analysed at the total cellular protein level by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The change in morphology and function was found to be reflected by extensive shifts in the protein synthesis patterns. From a total of about 1000 resolved polypeptides that are synthesized in embryoid bodies of a multidifferentiating teratocarcinoma, about 12% (117 proteins) are not found or only present at a very much reduced level in two teratocarcinoma-derived neuroblastomas. On the other hand, the change in phenotype is accompanied by the de novo or greatly enhanced synthesis of another 69 proteins (about 7%) in the neurogenic tumors. In a screening for differentiation-specific proteins this set was compared with the protein synthesized in neural tissue of maturing brain and muscle tissue of developing limbs at three different postimplantation stages covering the onset of organogenesis. This comparison disclosed that a great portion of the differentiation-related proteins (26 proteins) are synthesized in both brain and muscle and are probably required by a differentiated cell in general like cytostructural proteins. Seventeen polypeptides, however, are synthesized in a cell type specific manner. In particular, 4 proteins that are synthesized in both neurogenic tumors and in brain but not in muscle tissue were tentatively called nerve-specific proteins (NSP) and are the most promising in further analyses of differentiation-specific proteins. AUBluthmann H EM8601 SOEur J Cell Biol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 38(2) p254-62 MJBrain /EM; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Fetal Development; Neoplasm Proteins; Neuroblastoma; Teratoma MNBrain /CY; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic /PA; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Isoelectric Focusing; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Muscle Proteins /ME; Nerve Tissue Proteins /ME; Neuroblastoma /PA; Teratoma /PA MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0171-9335 LAEnglish JCEM7 SBM UI86004728 TIMouse teratocarcinoma and embryonic development. Two-dimensional protein patterns in muscle differentiation. ABMuscle cell differentiation was analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of newly synthesized proteins compared in two parallel systems: in mouse teratocarcinoma-derived tumors that became restricted in their developmental potential to the formation of muscle-like cells and in developing limbs of the early mouse fetus. Muscle cell differentiation in teratocarcinomas was found to be reflected by both a marked decrease in the rate of synthesis of about 12% (119 proteins) of the resolved polypeptides and a pronounced increase in the synthesis of another large set of proteins (83 proteins). The majority of the newly acquired proteins (46 proteins) were also detected in fetal brain and muscle tissue. These proteins are considered to be those which accompany differentiation in general, regardless of cell type, as e.g. ubiquitously occurring structural proteins. Their expression in the muscle cells of the tumors may reflect the normal aspect of this particular differentiation pathway. Five polypeptides were found to appear specifically in both myogenic tumors and developing limbs, but not during brain formation and were tentatively termed muscle-specific proteins (MSP). The identification of differentiation-related proteins in muscle development will allow us to analyse differentiation in early development in molecular terms. AUBluthmann H EM8601 SOEur J Cell Biol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 38(2) p263-70 MJCell Transformation, Neoplastic; Fetal Development; Muscle Proteins; Muscles /ME; Neoplasm Proteins; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Teratoma MNCell Differentiation; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic /PA; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Muscles /CY /EM; Rhabdomyosarcoma /PA; Teratoma /PA MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (docking protein); 7440-57-5 (Gold) IS0171-9335 LAEnglish JCEM7 SBM UI86004729 TIRestriction of docking protein to the rough endoplasmic reticulum: immunocytochemical localization in rat liver. ABDocking protein (or SRP receptor) is an integral membrane protein essential for translocation of nascent polypeptides across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Anti-docking protein antibodies were used to localize this protein in situ in thin frozen sections using protein A-gold detection methods. The majority of gold particles was restricted to ribosome-studded membranes, whereas particles were rarely seen in areas rich in smooth ER. Quantitative evaluation of labeling suggests that there is one molecule of docking protein for roughly 10 to 20 bound ribosomes. On the basis of these results we conclude that docking protein is the first functionally-characterized integral marker protein specific for the rough membranes of ER. AUHortsch M; Griffiths G; Meyer DI EM8601 SOEur J Cell Biol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 38(2) p271-9 MJEndoplasmic Reticulum; Liver; Membrane Proteins MNCytoplasm /UL; Dogs; Endoplasmic Reticulum /UL; Freezing; Gold; Liver /UL; Microscopy, Electron; Molecular Weight; Rabbits; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (mannose receptor); 31103-86-3 (Mannose) IS0171-9335 LAEnglish JCEM7 SBM UI86004730 TIImmunocytochemical localization of the mannose receptor on ultrathin cryosections of chicken macrophages. ABEmulphogene-solubilized chicken macrophages were used for the isolation of the mannose receptor by affinity chromatography on mannose-sepharose. From 5 X 10(9) cells 1 microgram protein was obtained, which was separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) into 2 bands with an approximate molecular weight of 130 and 170 kDa. The agglutinating activity was assayed with mannan-coated M. luteus cells. Agglutination was inhibited by D-mannose, L-fucose and D-N-acetylglucosamine. A rabbit antibody against the protein competed with mannan and mannosylated ferritin for the binding sites. The receptor was localized by immunolabelling on ultrathin frozen sections and the relative density of labelling/cell compartment was calculated. The receptor appeared randomly distributed on the surface. Labelling of coated pits was occasional. A higher density of the gold marker was found on surface infoldings (filopods, lamellopods). Subcellular membranous structures contained few labelled regions, with a relative increase from rough endoplasmatic reticulum to Golgi vacuoles. The highest average density was found on membranes of large vesicles near the surface, presumably derived from lamellopods which fuse at their tips to create an internalized vacuole. Fluorescence micrographs showed the complex folding of plasma processes, sometimes forming crater-like apertures. The particular fluorescence intensity of methanol-fixed cells, due to large vesicles, reflects the amount of receptor which is not exposed on the surface. The extent of receptor-rich membrane involved in formation of surface infoldings, craters and large vesicles indicates their role in receptor traffic in the absence of specific ligands. AURossi G; Himmelhoch S EM8601 SOEur J Cell Biol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 38(2) p280-91 MJMacrophages; Mannose; Receptors, Immunologic MNAntibody Specificity; Chickens; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Frozen Sections; Macrophages /UL; Membrane Proteins /AN; Microscopy, Electron; Rabbits; Receptors, Immunologic /IM MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 7440-57-5 (Gold); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen); 9007-73-2 (Ferritin) IS0171-9335 LAEnglish JCEM7 SBM UI86004731 TIFibrinogen distribution on surfaces and in organelles of ADP stimulated human blood platelets. ABThe fibrinogen distribution in platelet organelles after ADP-stimulation was investigated with anti-human fibrinogen using protein A-gold applied to serial sections. Fibrinogen was detected in the so-called alpha-granules of platelets and also in granule protrusions which were observed after ADP-stimulation. The ends of these protrusions were formed as coated membranes and the tips were often in apposition to the surface connected membranes or the plasmalemma. At such places fusion events and hence signs of an exocytosis could be demonstrated by means of cryofixation and cryosubstitution. Examination of serial sections revealed fibrinogen on all these granule profiles. Surface connected membranes, free surfaces and the characteristic structure of the contact zones of aggregated platelets were also labelled by gold particles but less than anticipated. On the platelet surfaces and surface connected membranes fibrinogen was rarely demonstrable with ferritin-labelled anti-human fibrinogen on washed or thrombin-stimulated, almost fibrinogen free platelets. After addition of human fibrinogen to the thrombin stimulated and disaggregated platelets a part of the platelets aggregated spontaneously and formed characteristic contact zones. Anti-human fibrinogen was observed on the free surfaces, in filamentous bridges between the contact spaces and in a tubular surface connected membrane system with involvement of coated membranes at the central ends of these structures. The results indicate the following: all alpha-granules contain fibrinogen; after ADP-stimulation secretion takes place with involvement of coated membranes; during aggregation fibrinogen binds to platelet surfaces and forms contact spaces; fibrinogen is taken up by the surface connected system with involvement of coated membranes. AUMorgenstern E; Edelmann L; Reimers HJ; Miyashita C; Haurand M EM8601 SOEur J Cell Biol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 38(2) p292-300 MJAdenosine Diphosphate; Blood Platelets; Fibrinogen; Organoids; Platelet Aggregation MNBlood Platelets /UL; Cell Membrane /ME /UL; Ferritin /IM; Frozen Sections; Gold; Microscopy, Electron; Organoids /UL; Staphylococcal Protein A; Thrombin /PD MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN59763-91-6 (Pancreatic Polypeptide); 9004-10-8 (Insulin); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0171-9335 LAEnglish JCEM7 SBM UI86004732 TICellular distribution of insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide hormone and somatostatin in the fetal and adult pancreas of the guinea pig: a comparative immunohistochemical study. ABAntibodies to insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide hormone and somatostatin were utilized to demonstrate the cellular localization of the hormones in pancreatic tissue of fetal guinea pig of advanced gestation by immunofluorescence histochemistry. The topographical distribution of the 4 endocrine cell types was compared with those of the adult pancreas and was found to be significantly different particularly for cells immunostaining for insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. These observations suggest changes in histogenesis of pancreatic endocrine cells during transition from fetal to postnatal and adult life. The presence of the 4 islet hormones in the fetal pancreas of this species implies that they may be important in fetal metabolism and growth. AUReddy SN; Bibby NJ; Elliott RB EM8601 SOEur J Cell Biol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 38(2) p301-5 MJFetal Development; Islands of Langerhans; Pancreatic Hormones; Somatostatin MNFluorescent Antibody Technic; Glucagon /AN; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Insulin /AN; Islands of Langerhans /CY; Pancreas /AN /CY; Pancreatic Polypeptide /AN; Rats, Inbred BB; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase); 370-86-5 (Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone) IS0171-9335 LAEnglish JCEM7 SBM UI86004733 TIRapid and sensitive assays for phagosomal acidification in Paramecium and Tetrahymena. ABBiochemical and cytochemical procedures were developed to measure the rate of phagosomal acidification for phagosomal pH ranging from 5 to 2.5. These assays were based on the pH-dependent inactivation with time of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) activity, a result attributable to the dissociation of this enzyme to a colorless protein and ferriprotoporphyrin in acidic solutions. When preincubated in buffers of varying pH, the rate of HRP inactivation followed a sigmoid curve, with the highest rate of inactivation between 4.3 and 3.5 when using citrate-phosphate buffer and between pH 3.4 and 2.8 when using the universal ABC buffer. This inactivation was temperature but not concentration dependent. When Paramecium caudatum, members of the P. aurelia complex or Tetrahymena thermophila was pulsed briefly with HRP and small fluorescent beads, the loss of HRP activity, measured biochemically in cell homogenates and/or cytochemically in phagosomes, was rapid and followed the kinetics of a first-order rate reaction. Both assays gave similar values for the rate constant for acidification and similar rates of inhibition when P. caudatum was exposed to a proton ionophore, carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone. These assays can readily be adapted to other phagocytic cells as long as a rapid procedure is available for removing all unphagocytosed HRP and latex beads. These procedures are sensitive and rapid thus allowing many samples to be quickly prepared and analyzed. AUFok AK; Ueno MS; Azada EA EM8601 IDRR08125-11 SOEur J Cell Biol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 38(2) p306-11 MJHydrogen-Ion Concentration; Paramecium; Phagocytosis; Phagosomes; Tetrahymena MNCarbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone /PD; Histocytochemistry; Horseradish Peroxidase /ME; Paramecium /PH; Tetrahymena /PH; Time Factors; Vacuoles /ME MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (viral G protein) IS0171-9335 LAEnglish JCEM7 SBM UI86004734 TIImmuno-isolation of vesicles using antigenic sites either located on the cytoplasmic or the exoplasmic domain of an implanted viral protein. A quantitative analysis. ABIn this study, we present a new general approach for immuno-isolation: a foreign integral membrane protein, the G-protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), is implanted into the plasma membrane for subsequent immuno-isolation. A quantitative analysis was accomplished using the erythrocyte plasma membrane as a model system. The virus was artificially bound to the membrane via a lectin and subsequently fused at low pH. Vesicles of two opposite orientations were prepared from erythrocytes with fused G-protein. Right-side-out and inside-out vesicles expose the exoplasmic and the cytoplasmic domains of the G-protein on their surfaces respectively. In immuno-isolation experiments antibodies against each of the domains of the G-protein were used. Vesicles were presented to an immunoadsorbent (ImAd) consisting of a solid support with appropriate antibodies bound to its surface. Two commonly used immunoadsorbents prepared from either polyacrylamide beads or fixed Staphylococcus aureus cells were compared and found to have identical immuno-isolation efficiencies. It was possible to control and quantitate the amount of implanted antigen. Therefore, we were able to show that the critical antigen density required for immuno-isolation is 50 G molecules/micron2 plasma membrane surface area for both types of vesicle/antibody couples. This analysis showed that vesicles presenting either the cytoplasmic or the exoplasmic domain of the G-protein are immuno-isolated with the same efficiency. AUGruenberg J; Howell KE EM8601 SOEur J Cell Biol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 38(2) p312-21 MJCell Fractionation; Erythrocyte Membrane; Immunosorbent Technics; Vesicular Stomatitis Virus /ME; Viral Proteins MNAntigens, Surface /IM; Antigens, Viral /IM; Erythrocyte Membrane /ME /MI; Hamsters; Membrane Fusion; Time Factors; Vesicular Stomatitis Virus /IM; Viral Proteins /ME MTAnimal; Human RNEC 3.4.21.- (Plasminogen Activators); EC 4.1.1.17 (Ornithine Decarboxylase); 110-60-1 (Putrescine); 302-79-4 (Tretinoin); 70052-12-9 (alpha-difluoromethylornithine); 7006-33-9 (Ornithine) IS0171-9335 LAEnglish JCEM7 SBM UI86004735 TIInduction of F9 embryonal carcinoma cell differentiation by inhibition of polyamine synthesis. ABalpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a highly selective inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), induced terminal differentiation of F9 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells in culture. Differentiation was assessed using morphological criteria and the level of plasminogen activator activity. The observed phenotypic changes and the fact that the cells did not synthesize alpha-fetoprotein, indicate that they were parietal endoderm cells. The putrescine, spermidine and spermine content of untreated control cells increased during exponential growth and then decreased gradually with continued time in culture. The increases in putrescine and spermidine contents were prevented by DFMO treatment. In fact, the putrescine and spermidine content decreased below the limits of detection after only one day of treatment. The addition of putrescine to the culture medium at any time within 4 days of DFMO treatment, prevented the DFMO-induced differentiation, suggesting that the effects observed were indeed caused by polyamine depletion. The phenotypic changes induced by DFMO were similar to those induced by retinoic acid, a very potent inducer of embryonal carcinoma differentiation. Although retinoic acid can inhibit ODC activity and putrescine accumulation, it is unlikely that this mechanism of action is responsible for retinoic acid-induced F9 cell differentiation, inasmuch as putrescine addition did not prevent the expression of the differentiated phenotype. Undifferentiated F9 embryonal carcinoma cells exhibited a very short G1 phase, and in this respect they are similar to the cells of the preimplantation mouse embryo. In control (exponentially growing) cultures a majority of the F9 cells were in the S phase, but in DFMO-treated cultures they accumulated in the G1 phase and showed no further proliferative potential.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUOredsson SM; Billgren M; Heby O EM8601 SOEur J Cell Biol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 38(2) p335-43 MJAntineoplastic Agents; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic /ME; Polyamines; Teratoma /PA; Tumor Stem Cells /PA MNCell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic /DE /PA; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Mice; Ornithine Decarboxylase /ME; Ornithine /AA /PD; Plasminogen Activators /ME; Putrescine /PD; Teratoma /ME; Tretinoin /PD; Tumor Stem Cells /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0171-9335 LAEnglish JCEM7 SBM UI86004736 TICharacterization of a family of nuclear and chromosomal proteins identified by a monoclonal antibody. ABA monoclonal antibody (3C5) isolated from a mouse immunized with human chromatin stained the nuclei of all cultured cell types tested by indirect immunofluorescence. Experiments with HeLa and PtK1 cells demonstrated striking cell-cycle-related changes in the staining properties of the target antigen. A rapid increase in nuclear fluorescence was seen in prophase, with antigen located between the condensing chromosomes. In metaphase and anaphase cells antigen was present throughout the cytoplasm with the chromosomes apparently unstained. However, isolated metaphase chromosomes showed intense, peripheral staining. In telophase cells immunofluorescent staining was most intense among the decondensing chromosomes and by early G1 staining was predominantly nuclear. Nuclear fluorescence faded as cells progressed through interphase. By protein blotting and immunostaining, 3C5 recognized protein bands with subunit molecular weights of 130, 73, 50, 38, 32 and 22 to 25 kDa. These bands were present in all human and rodent cultured cell types tested. All bands were extracted by 6 M urea or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) but not by Triton X-100. Our results provide evidence against the involvement of a common carbohydrate moiety, in vitro proteolysis or non-specific cross reaction in this multi-banded pattern. The same family of proteins was detected in mitotic and interphase cells, suggesting that the changes in immunofluorescent staining through mitosis are due to changes in antigen accessibility. Subcellular fractionation experiments showed that all major bands were present in the nuclear fraction. Only two (50 and 32 kDa) were detected also in the post-nuclear membrane fraction and none were present in the soluble cytoplasmic fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUTurner BM; Davies S; Whitfield WG EM8601 SOEur J Cell Biol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 38(2) p344-52 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; Leukocytes MNChromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone /IM; Cricetulus; Dipodomys; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Hamsters; Hela Cells /AN /CY /IM; Leukocytes /CY /IM; Metaphase; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Mitosis; Molecular Weight; Stains and Staining; Subcellular Fractions /AN MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0171-9335 LAEnglish JCEM7 SBM UI86004737 TIModulation of low density lipoprotein receptor activity in squamous carcinoma cells by variation in cell density. ABMorphological and biochemical studies on low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor metabolism were performed in squamous carcinoma cells (SCC-15 and SCC-12F2). Modulation of terminal differentiation was achieved by culturing these cells at different cell densities. Studies on these cells cultured at low density (hardly any terminal differentiation) showed the following results: High affinity binding of LDL was excessive; LDL binding to SCC-15 cells was twice as high as that in SCC-12F2 cells and in fibroblasts. The distribution of the LDL binding visualized by LDL receptor antibodies was non-linear. There was no contact inhibition of LDL binding. LDL-gold particles were mainly bound to the plasma membrane outside coated pits. LDL-gold particles were internalized and delivered to dense bodies (= lysosomes). Degradation of LDL took place after a lag period of 10 min. Dissociation of LDL from the plasma membrane was substantial (more than 40% after a 120 min chase period). The same experiments on the cells cultured at high density (terminal differentiation present) showed several differences: A sharp decrease in high affinity LDL binding in both cell types. The internalization of surface bound LDL was defective in most of the squamous carcinoma cells. Dissociation of LDL from the plasma membrane was substantial, and after a chase period of 120 min at 37 degrees C still more than 20% of LDL remained intracellular and was not degraded. We postulate that LDL receptor-mediated endocytosis and degradation take place in squamous carcinoma cells but that during the process of terminal differentiation modulation of LDL-receptor metabolism occurs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUVermeer BJ; Wijsman MC; Mommaas-Kienhuis AM; Ponec M; Havekes L EM8601 SOEur J Cell Biol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 38(2) p353-60 MJCarcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Count; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Receptors, LDL MNCarcinoma, Squamous Cell /UL; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic /UL; Cells, Cultured; Cold; Endocytosis; Fibroblasts /ME /UL; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Lipoproteins, LDL /ME; Skin Neoplasms /ME /UL; Time Factors MTHuman IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004738 TIDuration of symptoms and the effects of a more aggressive surgical policy: two factors affecting prognosis of infective endocarditis. ABOne hundred and six patients were analysed in order to assess the effect of a more aggressive surgical policy in relation to the delays in diagnosis of infective endocarditis. The average duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 9.7 weeks, even though the patients had sought medical advice at a relatively early stage of their illness (2.2 weeks). Three of the 29 (10.3%) patients who were treated surgically died and all three were operated upon five weeks or later after diagnosis. Seventy-seven patients did not have surgery and 15 died (19.5%). The outcome of surgical treatment for prosthetic valve endocarditis was no worse than for native valve endocarditis. The mortality of prosthetic valve endocarditis including early infections was 32% with medical but only 10% with surgical management compared with 14.5% and 10.5% in native valve endocarditis. Endocarditis cannot always be prevented but earlier diagnosis would reduce mortality and prevent complications. When medical treatment is failing then surgery should be considered early and urgently particularly in staphylococcal infection or when large mobile vegetations are recognized; surgery is mandatory in fungal endocarditis. Earlier diagnosis would greatly reduce the current high incidence of surgery, but that depends on a much heightened index of suspicion amongst both general practitioners and hospital physicians. AUNihoyannopoulos P; Oakley CM; Exadactylos N; Ribeiro P; Westaby S; Foale RA EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), May 1985, 6(5) p380-90 MJEndocarditis, Bacterial MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Antibiotics /TU; Child, Preschool; Child; Endocarditis, Bacterial /MI /MO /SU; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Middle Age; Prognosis; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004739 TIDynamics of aortic flow in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ABThe purpose of this study was to reassess left ventricular ejection dynamics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, to investigate whether a premature stoppage of ejection occurs, as previously reported, and whether reliable criteria for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction can be established by non-invasive evaluation of aortic flow patterns. In a group of 21 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, composed of 9 with the obstructive form (HOCM), 9 with the non-obstructive form (HNCM) and 3 with apical hypertrophy (HACM), instantaneous flow velocities across the ascending aorta were determined non-invasively with a 16-gated Doppler 2-D echo instrument. Ten normals served as controls. The 16 flow velocities were averaged over 8 heart beats and the relative volume flow rate was calculated by microprocessor analysis. Ejection time (i.e. flow time) derived from the flow curves was compared with the available ejection period as determined from the carotid pulse tracing. In normals, ejection time amounted to 94 +/- 3% of the available ejection period, in HOCM to 92 +/- 5% and in HNCM to 93 +/- 4% (no significant differences). In HACM, however, ejection time was reduced to 71 +/- 14% of the available ejection period. In contrast to HNCM, aortic flow in HOCM was characterized by an early peak followed by a plateau at a sizably lower flow level for the rest of systole. Flow time of an abnormally short duration was the hallmark of HACM. We conclude that in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, HOCM and HNCM can be distinguished by the shape of their volume flow curves. A premature stoppage of ejection is only found in patients with HACM. AUJenni R; Ruffmann K; Vieli A; Anliker M; Krayenbuehl HP EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), May 1985, 6(5) p391-8 MJAorta; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic /PP MNAdult; Aortic Valve /PP; Blood Flow Velocity; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic /CL; Middle Age; Regional Blood Flow; Stroke Volume; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MTFemale; Human; Male IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004740 TICoronary angiography with flashing tomosynthesis. ABThirty-four patients with coronary artery disease were studied with standard 35 mm coronary cineangiography and flashing tomosynthesis, to assess the value of the latter technique to detect stenotic coronary arteries. All occluded vessels and all coronary stenoses seen by cineangiography were also found by flashing tomosynthesis. A correlation coefficient of r = 0.85 (P less than 0.001) was determined between the degrees of stenosis obtained by the two techniques. With flashing tomosynthesis, less contrast medium was needed, the investigation time was shorter, and the radiation exposure markedly reduced. At present, dynamic events, such as collateral blood flow, cannot be evaluated. We conclude that coronary arterial stenoses and occlusions can be reliably evaluated by flashing tomosynthesis. Further technological developments are necessary for the technique to gain clinical acceptance. AUBecher H; Schluter M ; Mathey DG; Bleifeld W; Klotz E; Haaker P; Linde R; Weiss H EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), May 1985, 6(5) p399-408 MJCoronary Vessels; Data Display /MT MNAdult; Angiography; Data Display /EC /IS /ST; Electrocardiography /IS /MT; Evaluation Studies; Middle Age; Motion Pictures MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.14.99.1 (Prostaglandin Synthase); 50-78-2 (Aspirin); 54397-85-2 (Thromboxane B2); 57576-52-0 (Thromboxane A2) IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004741 TILow-dose aspirin in patients recovering from myocardial infarction. Evidence for a selective inhibition of thromboxane-related platelet function. ABThe adequacy, selectivity and long-term persistence of inhibition in cyclooxygenase-dependent platelet function by a daily low-dose (0.45 mg kg-1 day-1) aspirin treatment have been evaluated in 15 patients after a recent (less than 17 days) acute myocardial infarction. Serum thromboxane (TX) B2, an index of platelet TXA2 production, was decreased by 94-98% (P less than 0.001) by aspirin, while urinary excretion of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, as an index of extraplatelet cyclooxygenase activity, remained unchanged. Compared to placebo, aspirin induced a persistent increase in bleeding time (% difference 45.6 +/- 21.4, mean +/- SD) and a decrease in platelet aggregation by ADP, epinephrine, collagen and arachidonic acid. No tendency towards an attenuation of the effects was apparent for the period of aspirin administration (4 weeks). Aspirin 0.45 mg kg-1 day-1 is adequate and selective in the long-term inhibition of TX-related platelet function in patients after acute myocardial infarction. The clinical effectiveness of such a regimen remains to be proven in clinical trials. AUDe Caterina R; Giannessi D; Bernini W; Gazzetti P; Michelassi C; L'Abbate A; Donato L; Patrignani P; Filabozzi P; Patrono C EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), May 1985, 6(5) p409-17 MJAspirin; Blood Platelets; Myocardial Infarction; Thromboxane A2; Thromboxane B2 MNAdult; Aged; Aspirin /TU; Bleeding Time; Blood Platelets /EN /ME; Double-Blind Method; Middle Age; Prostaglandin Synthase /AI /ME; Thromboxane A2 /PH; Thromboxane B2 /BI MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN42399-41-7 (Diltiazem) IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004742 TIBeneficial effects of diltiazem combined with beta blockade in angina pectoris. ABThe effects of combining diltiazem, a calcium channel blocking agent, with beta adrenergic blockade were evaluated in 11 patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. All patients had stable angina pectoris and were receiving oral beta blocking therapy. Symptomatic, metabolic, coronary and systemic haemodynamic responses were monitored at rest and during atrial pacing. Following the administration of diltiazem, resting arterial blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance and heart rate fell significantly with no adverse effects on left ventricular function. During pacing diltiazem produced significant decreases in rate-pressure product and myocardial oxygen consumption. As a consequence there was a significant increase in mean pacing time to angina from 151 +/- 42 to 406 +/- 72 s (P less than 0.001). Concomitantly, myocardial lactate extraction was improved significantly from mean lactate production of -2 +/- 12% to mean lactate extraction of 12 +/- 7% (P less than 0.05). This study indicates that intravenous diltiazem can be administered to patients receiving chronic oral beta blockade without adverse haemodynamic effects and that combination therapy has significant beneficial effects in coronary artery disease. AUKenny J; Daly K; Bergman G; Kerkez S; Jewitt DE EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), May 1985, 6(5) p418-23 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Angina Pectoris; Benzazepines; Diltiazem MNAngina Pectoris /ME /PP; Blood Circulation /DE; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Coronary Circulation /DE; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hemodynamics; Middle Age; Rest; Time Factors MTHuman; Male RN54063-53-5 (propafenone) IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004743 TIMalignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias in association with propafenone treatment. ABDuring treatment with the class Ic antiarrhythmic agent propafenone, the drug appeared to cause malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias in five patients. Sudden cardiac death occurred in two of them. Three patients exhibited a transition from non-self-terminating ventricular tachycardia to ventricular fibrillation. In the other two patients electrocardiography during syncope revealed ventricular fibrillation. The observed malignant arrhythmias occurred within the first three days of treatment for chronic complex ventricular ectopic activity. Two of the five patients had markedly impaired left ventricular function. All patients received digoxin and low dose diuretic therapy. In contrast to drug induced arrhythmias encountered with other type I antiarrhythmic agents, the proarrhythmic effects of propafenone were not associated with marked QT prolongation. QRS duration was only slightly affected. AUBuss J; Neuss H; Bilgin Y; Schlepper M EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), May 1985, 6(5) p424-8 MJPropiophenones; Tachycardia MNAdult; Aged; Arrhythmia /DT; Death, Sudden /ET; Electrocardiography; Middle Age; Propiophenones /TU; Tachycardia /MO; Ventricular Fibrillation /CI MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004744 TIDiagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation. Sensitivity of Doppler ultrasound compared with contrast echocardiography. ABFifty-one patients underwent Doppler studies of tricuspid flow and 2-D derived M-mode studies of the inferior vena cava (IVC) during upper extremity contrast injections. Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was diagnosed with Doppler when reverse flow in systole was recorded at and behind the closure level of the tricuspid valve. TR was diagnosed with contrast echocardiography (CE) when contrast appeared in the IVC between the onset of the QRS complex and the end of the T-wave of the ECG. Of the 49 patients who had TR diagnosed with Doppler, contrast was recorded in the IVC in 46, but only 18 (37%) fulfilled the criterion for a positive CE study. When the severity of the TR was semiquantitated with Doppler, CE diagnosed 1 of 25 mild, 5 of 11 moderate, and 12 of 13 severe regurgitations. When systolic contrast appearance in the IVC after the peak of the R-wave was used as the criterion for a positive contrast study, CE missed 2 of 13 severe regurgitations. In the 24 catheterized patients the CE study was positive only when an abnormal V-wave in the right atrial pressure curve was present. Doppler is a more sensitive method than CE for diagnosing TR and is more readily applied. AUSkjaerpe T; Hatle L EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), May 1985, 6(5) p429-36 MJEchocardiography; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNAdult; Aged; Electrocardiography; Evaluation Studies; Heart Catheterization; Middle Age; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency /PP MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004745 TIThe value of exercise-induced U-wave inversion on ECG chest wall mapping in the identification of individual coronary arterial lesions. ABExercise-induced U-wave inversion on chest wall mapping was compared with coronary arteriographic findings in 160 consecutive patients who presented with chest pain suggestive of ischaemic heart disease. ECG recordings were made from 16 points on the chest wall before, during and after exercise. None of the 27 patients with normal coronary arteriograms developed U-wave inversion during or after exercise (specificity = 100%). In 21 (all males) of the 133 patients (15.8%) with significant coronary arterial lesions, U-wave inversion on exercise was noticed on different coronary artery territories on the chest wall map, and its localization was correlated with angiographic evidence of individual coronary arterial lesions (100% projection rate). In 9 patients (6.8%) this sign was observed in the absence of any ST segment changes or Q waves. Exercise-induced U-wave inversion was the sole ECG criterion reflecting a lesion of the left anterior descending artery in 12 cases (9%), of the circumflex in 6 cases (4.5%), and in only one case of right coronary artery disease. This sign was not detectable in the conventional V5 site in 9 cases (7.1%) with significant disease of the left anterior descending coronary artery. These nine patients showed U-wave inversion on other areas of the left anterior descending coronary artery territory on exercise. Exercise-induced U-wave inversion disappeared in all the ten patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. It is suggested that exercise-induced U-wave inversion shown on chest wall mapping is a reliable indicator of coronary artery disease, which disappears after myocardial revascularization, and in addition, aids identification of individual coronary arterial lesions. AUSalmasi AM; Salmasi SN; Nicolaides AN; Vecht RJ; Hendry WG; Kidner PH; Besterman EM EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), May 1985, 6(5) p437-43 MJCoronary Disease; Coronary Vessels; Electrocardiography; Exertion; Thorax MNAdult; Aged; Angiography; Aortocoronary Bypass; Coronary Disease /PP; Coronary Vessels /RA; Middle Age; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004746 TIDiurnal variation in symptom-limited exercise test responses six weeks after myocardial infarction. ABDiurnal variation of exercise test responses occurring during symptom-limited treadmill exercise testing was investigated in 45 patients six weeks after myocardial infarction. Each patient was exercised using a Naughton protocol before 8 a.m. and after 6 p.m. on the same day. No complications arose. There was no significant diurnal variation of any of the analysed exercise induced ischaemic abnormalities (angina pectoris or ST segment shift) or of the mean maximal exercise durations and achieved workloads. Mean maximal heart rates and heart rate-systolic blood pressure double products were similar in both tests. ST segment depression occurred in 21 patients and was totally consistent in both tests. An abnormal blood pressure response occurred in 14 patients in the morning test and in 18 patients in the evening test but this discordance did not reach statistical significance. Similarly there was no significant diurnal variation in exercise induced ventricular arrhythmias, although only three of the 11 patients in whom they occurred had this abnormality on both tests. We conclude that in this group of patients, no significant diurnal variation was observed in either exercise induced ischaemic abnormalities or in exercise haemodynamics during symptom-limited exercise tests performed six weeks after myocardial infarction. These data increase the confidence in clinical management decisions based on the results of this test. AUHandler CE; Sowton E EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), May 1985, 6(5) p444-50 MJCircadian Rhythm; Exercise Test; Myocardial Infarction MNAdult; Aged; Angina Pectoris /PP; Arrhythmia /PP; Blood Pressure; Electrocardiography; Hemodynamics; Middle Age; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004747 TIHaemodynamic effects of high doses of insulin during acute left ventricular failure in dogs. ABHaemodynamic effects of pharmacological doses of insulin during acute ischaemic heart failure were studied in 8 dogs. Severe depression of left ventricular function was induced by the injection of 50 micron plastic microspheres into the left main coronary artery. This was demonstrated by a significant increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and a significant decrease in the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (LVdP/dtmax), stroke volume and cardiac output. Eighty-five minutes after the embolization procedure, 300 IU of insulin free of glucagon and calcium was injected as a bolus. This was followed by infusion of glucose and potassium to maintain physiological levels of these factors. Five minutes after insulin administration, there was a significant improvement in left ventricular performance as shown by decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (P less than 0.01) and increased LVdP/dtmax (P less than 0.01), stroke volume (P less than 0.05) and cardiac output (P less than 0.05). A significant reduction in heart rate occurred. A non-significant increase in mean aortic blood pressure and reduction in total peripheral resistance were seen. In conclusion, pharmacological doses of insulin significantly improve cardiac pump function during acute ischaemic left ventricular failure in dogs. AUReikeras O ; Gunnes P; Sorlie D; Ekroth R; Jorde R; Mjos OD EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), May 1985, 6(5) p451-7 MJHeart Failure, Congestive; Hemodynamics; Insulin MNAcute Disease; Blood Pressure /DE; Dogs; Heart Failure, Congestive /ET /PP; Insulin /TU; Microspheres; Vascular Resistance /DE MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-09-7 (Potassium); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004748 TIMetabolic effects of high doses of insulin during acute left ventricular failure in dogs. ABMetabolic effects of pharmacological doses of insulin were studied during acute ischaemic heart failure in 7 dogs. Severe depression of left ventricular performance was induced by embolization of the left main coronary artery with 50 micron plastic microspheres. This was followed by a significant reduction in myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption. After a period of stabilization of the haemodynamic and metabolic variables, 300 IU of insulin free of glucagon and calcium was injected as a bolus dose. Glucose and potassium were given to maintain their plasma concentrations. Insulin significantly improved performance of the failing left ventricle. Myocardial blood flow was significantly increased, whereas myocardial oxygen consumption was unchanged. Insulin significantly reduced arterial concentrations and myocardial uptake of free fatty acids, while myocardial uptake of glucose and lactate showed a non-significant increase. In conclusion, pharmacological doses of insulin significantly improve cardiac pump function without increasing myocardial oxygen consumption during acute ischaemic left ventricular failure in dogs. This may be partly related to reduced myocardial uptake of free fatty acids relative to that of glucose. AUReikeras O ; Gunnes P; Sorlie D; Ekroth R; Mjos OD EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), May 1985, 6(5) p458-64 MJHeart Failure, Congestive /ME; Insulin MNAcute Disease; Blood Glucose /AN; Dogs; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified /BL; Heart Failure, Congestive /BL /DT; Insulin /BL /TU; Lactates /BL; Myocardium /ME; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Potassium /BL MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN37270-94-3 (Platelet Factor 4); 54397-85-2 (Thromboxane B2); 58-32-2 (Dipyridamole) IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004749 TIPlasma concentrations of platelet-specific proteins and serum thromboxane B2 production in response to treatment with dipyridamole. A pilot study of 27 post-myocardial infarction patients. ABIn the present study 27 post-myocardial infarction patients were treated with Persantin capsules (Depot-Kapseln, sustained release form), containing 200 mg dipyridamole, b.i.d. over a period of 3 weeks. Baseline levels for plasma beta-thromboglobulin (BTG), platelet factor 4 (PF4), and serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were obtained on day 0 and subsequently on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21. The baseline levels for plasma BTG and PF4 as well as for serum TXB2 significantly exceeded those for a control group consisting of healthy subjects. The plasma values for BTG and PF4 remained unchanged during the whole study period. During the first week of study the levels for serum X TXB2 were unchanged; however, on days 14 and 21 the means for TXB2 dropped significantly. There is experimental work to suggest that dipyridamole may exert an inhibitory effect on platelet thromboxane biosynthesis. The present results support this concept. AUSafai-Kutti S; Kutti J; Vedin A; Wilhelmsson C EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jun 1985, 6(6) p468-72 MJBeta Globulins; Beta-Thromboglobulin; Dipyridamole; Myocardial Infarction /DT; Platelet Factor 4; Thromboxane B2 MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Myocardial Infarction /BL; Pilot Projects; Platelet Count MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.3.2 (Creatine Kinase) IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004750 TIPrognosis of patients with different peak serum creatine kinase levels after first myocardial infarction. ABThe extent to which patients with low peak serum creatine kinase (CK) at their first myocardial infarction differ from patients with high CK levels in terms of risk for subsequent ischaemic events was investigated in 266 patients who survived the first 48 h from the onset of infarction. All patients were followed up for one year. Four groups were formed based on peak CK less than or equal to 200, 201-400, 401-800 and greater than 800 IU l-1. During follow-up the incidence of mortality was 15% (N = 39), non-fatal re-infarction 9% (N = 23), and angina 53% (N = 140). Hospital mortality was significantly higher (P less than 0.02) in the highest CK-group (16%), but the incidence of non-fatal re-infarction, angina pectoris and late mortality was similar in the four groups. In hospital survivors, ischaemic ST-changes during pre-discharge symptom limited bicycle stress test and multiple vessel disease were equally distributed in all four groups. We conclude that while hospital mortality is directly related to peak CK, there is no relationship between peak CK and late mortality, non-fatal re-infarctions, or recurrent angina. Accordingly, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the individual patients are not influenced by the amount of serum CK released during acute infarction. AUFioretti P; Sclavo M; Brower RW; Simoons ML; Hugenholtz PG EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jun 1985, 6(6) p473-8 MJCreatine Kinase; Myocardial Infarction /EN MNFollow-Up Studies; Middle Age; Myocardial Infarction /CO /MO; Prognosis; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 113-79-1 (Argipressin); 19216-56-9 (Prazosin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004751 TINeurohumoral vasoconstrictor systems in heart failure. ABBy means of specific inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (captopril) and of the sympathetic nervous activity (prazosin) in dogs with congestive heart failure, and by using a specific antagonist of the pressor activity of arginine vasopressin in rats with heart failure, we studied the influence of these pressor hormone systems on peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac function. All three humoral vasoconstrictor systems were stimulated in heart failure. The experiments in dogs showed that the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure by increasing peripheral vascular tone, thus impairing cardiac function, a mechanism which could be nearly completely prevented by converting enzyme inhibition. The increased sympathetic nervous activity was only insignificantly attenuated by the converting enzyme inhibition and its contribution to the increase of peripheral vascular resistance was only small and transient. The rats with heart failure showed no effect on the vasopressin inhibitor on peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac function, despite plasma vasopressin levels which were 4 to 5 times higher than those in control animals. The inappropriately high secretion of vasopressin in relation to a decreased plasma osmolality may have contributed to the formation of edema and to the development of 'dilutional hypoosmolality'. AURiegger AJ EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jun 1985, 6(6) p479-89 MJArgipressin; Heart Failure, Congestive /PP; Neuroregulators; Renin-Angiotensin System; Vasoconstriction MNAngiotensin II /BL; Captopril /PD; Cardiac Output /DE; Dogs; Heart Failure, Congestive /BL; Heart /DE /PP; Norepinephrine /BL; Osmolar Concentration; Prazosin /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Renin-Angiotensin System /DE; Vascular Resistance /DE; Vasoconstriction /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004752 TIRole of blood pressure response to provocative tests in the prediction of hypertension in adolescents. ABTo assess the value of exercise stress testing and of mental stress as predictors of hypertension, we studied 130 normotensive males 14-18 years of age. Sixty-five had at least one hypertensive parent (SHT), while 65 had normotensive parents (SNT). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, rate-pressure product (RPP) and 12-lead ECG were recorded at rest, throughout the tests and during the recovery phase. The two groups were not significantly different at rest for the examined variables. However, the SHT group showed a greater average SBP than the SNT group (198.4 +/- 18.7 vs 189.5 +/- 14.9 mmHg; P less than 0.05) at the peak of exercise. A significantly higher proportion of SHT subjects (40.0% vs 18.5%: P less than 0.01) had SBP greater than 200 mmHg. No difference in the ECG pattern between the two groups was observed. During mental stress, no significant differences in the examined variables between the two groups were noted, although SBP, DBP, HR and RPP were slightly higher in SHT than in SNT subjects. These data suggest that the SBP response to dynamic exercise may be a good predictor of hypertension in subjects at risk. AURadice M; Alli C; Avanzini F; Di Tullio M; Mariotti G; Taioli E; Zussino A; Folli G EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jun 1985, 6(6) p490-6 MJBlood Pressure; Hypertension MNAdolescence; Electrocardiography; Exercise Test; Heart Rate; Hypertension /PP; Risk; Stress, Psychological; Systole MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004753 TIComparison of intravenous digital subtraction cineangiocardiography with conventional contrast ventriculography for the determination of the left ventricular volume at rest and during exercise. ABLeft ventricular volumes were determined by means of digital subtraction cineangiocardiography (DSA) which was performed in the right anterior oblique projection after contrast agent injection into the superior vena cava. Monoplane end-diastolic (EDV), end-systolic volumes (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF) were calculated using the 'area-length' method and were compared with the same parameters obtained by conventional left ventricular cineangiocardiography. A first group of 20 patients was studied at rest and a second group of 10 patients during bicycle exercise at a work load of 64 watts during 2 min, by DSA and conventional cineangiocardiography. Three different subtraction modes were evaluated: (1) mask mode subtraction (MMS), (2) time interval difference (TID) method and (3) a combination of MMS and TID called MMS + TID method. With the MMS method good correlations were obtained for EDV, ESV and EF at rest (r greater than 0.91) and during exercise (r greater than 0.91). The TID method showed only moderate correlations for patients at rest (r greater than 0.86) and during exercise (r greater than 0.79). Similar results as with MMS were achieved by the combined method (MMS + TID) at rest (r greater than 0.91) and during exercise (r greater than 0.91). Interobserver variability indicated a high reproducibility for all methods except for TID during exercise. It is concluded that DSA is an accurate technique for left ventricular volume determination not only at rest but also during exercise. The best results are obtained with MMS or MMS + TID methods, while left ventricular contour detection is easier and more convenient with MMS + TID. AUBirchler B; Hess OM; Murakami T; Niederer P; Anliker M; Krayenbuehl HP EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jun 1985, 6(6) p497-509 MJAngiocardiography; Cineradiography; Heart Function Tests; Heart /RA; Subtraction Technic MNAdult; Aged; Cardiac Volume; Computers; Exercise Test; Heart /PP; Middle Age; Stroke Volume MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004754 TISubmaximal predischarge exercise testing after myocardial infarction: prognostic value and limitations. ABThe prognostic value of abnormalities resulting from predischarge submaximal treadmill exercise testing was evaluated in 222 patients after myocardial infarction. The presence of the following variables--ST segment depression and elevation, an abnormal blood pressure response, limited exercise duration, angina pectoris, ventricular arrhythmias--were predictive of subsequent cardiac events (P less than 0.001) among the 154 patients with one or more of these abnormalities. When the presence or absence of specific variables was assessed, only an abnormal blood pressure response, limited exercise duration (P less than 0.001), and ST segment elevation and shift (P less than 0.05), were significantly associated with cardiac death. Exercise-induced angina was predictive only of the development of subsequent angina (P less than 0.05), and ST depression was associated only with future coronary surgery (P less than 0.01). Ventricular arrhythmias had no independent prognostic value. Markers of left ventricular dysfunction elicited by submaximal exercise testing are therefore valuable in identifying patients at high risk of death after infarction. Hallmarks of residual reversible myocardial ischaemia are of limited prognostic importance. The test result may be useful in selecting patients for coronary angiography. AUHandler CE EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jun 1985, 6(6) p510-7 MJExercise Test; Myocardial Infarction /PP MNAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /TU; Adult; Aged; Angina Pectoris /DT; Electrocardiography; Evaluation Studies; Middle Age; Myocardial Infarction /MO; Patient Discharge; Prognosis MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN54143-55-4 (flecainide) IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004755 TIConversion of supraventricular arrhythmias to sinus rhythm using flecainide. ABWe evaluated the efficacy of flecainide acetate (given intravenously to a maximal dose of 2 mg kg-1 and then orally in a dose of 100 mg b.d. or 100 mg t.d.s.) in the conversion to sinus rhythm of 50 patients exhibiting supraventricular arrhythmias (39 with atrial fibrillation, 6 with atrial flutter, 4 with supraventricular tachycardia and one with supraventricular tachycardia in association with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome). Conversion was achieved in 36 patients (72%) (29 cases with atrial fibrillation, 4 cases with supraventricular tachycardia, 2 cases with atrial flutter and one case with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome), over a mean period of 7.4 +/- 9 h. The patients in which conversion was achieved had arrhythmias which had been in existence for a shorter time (5.3 +/- 9.8 days) than those in which conversion was not achieved (16.7 +/- 26.2 days) (P less than 0.01). The mean dosage of flecainide used to achieve conversion was 2.5 +/- 2.36 mg kg-1. Flecainide appears to be an effective agent for the conversion to sinus rhythm of atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardias. Its efficacy in cases of atrial flutter has not yet been demonstrated. AUGoy JJ; Grbic M; Hurni M; Finci L; Maendly R; Duc J; Sigwart U EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jun 1985, 6(6) p518-24 MJAnti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmia; Piperidines /TU MNAdult; Aged; Arrhythmia /ET /PP; Heart Rate; Middle Age; Piperidines /AD /AE MTFemale; Human; Male RN57010-31-8 (dimeditiapramine) IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004756 TIEffect of i.v. and oral tiapamil in the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. ABEleven patients, with recurrent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVT) underwent programmed electrical stimulation of the heart to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous (i.v.) and oral tiapamil in these arrhythmias. The tachycardia circuit was confined to the atrio-ventricular (AV) node in 8 cases (group 1), and involved an overt or concealed accessory pathway for retrograde conduction in the 3 others (group 2). An i.v. bolus containing 2 mg kg-1 body weight of tiapamil converted 6 of the 8 cases in group 1 from PSVT to normal sinus rhythm (NSR) within a few seconds, but failed to do so in any of the three patients in group 2. Both the oral and i.v. preparations significantly lengthened the shortest cycle length maintaining 1:1 AV conduction. I.v. administration also lengthened the corresponding value for 1:1 VA retrograde conduction. The oral and i.v. preparations were equally effective in preventing induction of PSVT in 6/8 patients in group 1, but failed in group 2. The efficacy of oral tiapamil in preventing such induction was also accurately predicted from the effect of the i.v. tiapamil on conversion to NSR. After the first week, the six successfully treated patients continued taking 1.2 to 1.5 g day-1 tiapamil for 9.7 +/- 4 months. Complete suppression of their symptoms was observed in 5 cases. AUFauchier JP; Elkik F; Cosnay P; Rouesnel P; Neel C; Quillet L EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jun 1985, 6(6) p525-31 MJAnti-Arrhythmia Agents; Propylamines; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal MNAdministration, Oral; Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Clinical Trials; Electrocardiography; Heart Ventricle /PP; Infusions, Parenteral; Middle Age; Propylamines /AE; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal /PP MTFemale; Human; Male RN52-53-9 (Verapamil); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004757 TIPost-extra systolic potentiation: influence of calcium and verapamil in rat and rabbit hearts. ABThe interactions of the inotropic effects of verapamil (0.05-2.0 mumol l-1), calcium (0.33-5.2 mmol l-1) and post extra systolic potentiation (PESP) as induced by paired stimulation were studied in isolated rabbit and rat hearts under isovolumic and isotonic conditions. At low doses of verapamil, contractions were depressed, but those elicited by paired stimulation showed less depression than contractions of the same rate during single stimulation and even exceeded the unpotentiated contractions without verapamil. At high doses of verapamil contractility could not be restored by paired stimulation. Although contractions were restored to control level by an increase in extra-cellular calcium they were still abnormal in the sense that PESP could not be elicited. The excitation-contraction (e-c) uncoupling due to low calcium perfusion could be counteracted by paired stimulation but e-c uncoupling due to high dose verapamil could not be reversed by paired stimulation. Our results support the view that PESP does not only depend on augmented slow channel calcium influx but also on an enhanced calcium shift within the sarcoplasmic reticulum. We are doubtful about the idea that PESP can be used clinically to counteract the negative inotropic effect of high doses of verapamil. AUKerker JP; Ruigrok TJ; Nieuwenhuijs JH; Borst C; Meijler FL EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jun 1985, 6(6) p532-8 MJCalcium /PD; Extrasystole; Myocardial Contraction; Verapamil /PD MNCalcium /AD; Drug Synergism; Extrasystole /PP; Rabbits; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Verapamil /AD MTAnimal IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004758 TICardiomyopathy in phaeochromocytoma: report of a case with a 16-year follow-up after surgery and review of the literature. ABA 39-year-old woman had suffered from congestive heart failure of unknown cause for 3.5 years before a phaeochromocytoma was diagnosed. After pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, the tumour was removed by surgery resulting in disappearance of signs of heart disease. The patient was followed for 16 years: at that time she was free of symptoms and X-ray and echocardiography showed only a slightly enlarged heart and a minor impairment of left ventricular performance. Six similar cases from the literature are reviewed. The significance of catecholamines in causing heart disease in patients with phaeochromocytoma is discussed. AUStenstrom G ; Holmberg S EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jun 1985, 6(6) p539-44 MJAdrenal Gland Neoplasms; Heart Failure, Congestive; Pheochromocytoma MNAdrenal Gland Neoplasms /ME /PP /SU; Adult; Blood Pressure; Catecholamines /ME; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Failure, Congestive /PP /TH; Pheochromocytoma /ME /PP /SU; Time Factors MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004759 TIAnomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery presenting with infective endocarditis in an adult. ABA case is presented of a 36-year old female who presented with signs of mitral regurgitation due to infective endocarditis. Investigation revealed an anomolous left coronary artery arising from pulmonary artery. She successfully underwent mitral valve replacement. Survival following mitral valve replacement and presentation with endocarditis have never been reported in this rare condition. AUKerwin RW; Westaby S; Davies GJ; Blackwood RA EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jun 1985, 6(6) p545-7 MJCoronary Vessel Anomalies; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Pulmonary Artery MNAdult; Arteries /AB; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Mitral Valve Insufficiency /SU; Myocardial Revascularization MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004760 TIAnomalous origin of an accessory coronary artery from the main pulmonary artery: report of a case with arrhythmia, precordial pain and left heart failure. ABAnomalous origin of the coronary arteries from the main pulmonary artery is a rare congenital malformation. While this anomaly rarely produces cardiac symptoms, the more frequently encountered anomalous left coronary artery arising from the main pulmonary artery is poorly tolerated, the majority of patients dying in infancy. This report describes a symptomatic sixty-year old man with anomalous posterior descending coronary artery arising from the pulmonary trunk and details the angiographic findings. AUDepelchin P; Brion JP; Sobolski J EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jun 1985, 6(6) p548-51 MJAngina Pectoris; Atrial Fibrillation; Coronary Vessel Anomalies; Heart Failure, Congestive; Pulmonary Artery MNArteries /AB; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004761 TIDiagnosis of left coronary arteriovenous fistula by cross-sectional echocardiography. AUSingh H; Sheridan DJ EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jun 1985, 6(6) p552-4 MJArteriovenous Malformations; Coronary Vessel Anomalies; Echocardiography MNMiddle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human RNEC 3.4.- (Streptokinase); EC 3.4.21.31 (Urokinase) IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004762 TIIntravenous and intracoronary fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: overview of results on mortality, reinfarction and side-effects from 33 randomized controlled trials. ABDuring the past 25 years, 24 randomized trials of intravenous (IV) fibrinolytic treatment have been reported, involving a total of some 6000 patients in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Most tested IV streptokinase (SK), but a few tested IV urokinase (UK). In the past 2 or 3 years numerous small randomized trials of intracoronary (IC) SK have been started, 9 of which, involving a total of about 1000 such patients, have been reported. Because all of these IV and IC trials were small (the largest including only 747 patients), their separate results appear contradictory and unreliable. But, an overview of the data from these trials indicates that IV treatment produces a highly significant (22% +/- 5%, P less than 0.001) reduction in the odds of death, an even larger reduction in the odds of reinfarction, and an absolute frequency of serious adverse effects to set against this that is much smaller than the absolute mortality reduction. The apparent size of the mortality reduction in the IV trials was similar whether anticoagulants were compulsory or optional, whether treatment was in a coronary care unit or an ordinary ward and, surprisingly, whether treatment began early (less than 6 h from onset of symptoms) or late (generally 12-24 h). In addition, there was no evidence that UK was more effective than the less expensive SK, or that, despite their technical complexity, the new IC regimes were more effective than the old IV regimes. Even the IV schedules that have been studied in randomized trials were, however, quite complex, and the IC schedules were far more so. Perhaps partly because of this, none of them is widely used. If so, then some much simpler, and hence more widely practicable, IV SK regimes should be developed and tested. For example, a simple one hour high-dose IV SK infusion, without anticoagulation, will successfully convert virtually all of the available plasminogen into plasmin. But, it may be several years before the net effects on mortality of any more widely practicable IV SK regimes can be agreed unless many of the hospitals that do not wish routinely to use IC regimes or the complex previous IV regimes will collaborate in multicentre randomized trials that can, if necessary, continue rapid intake until some tens of thousands of patients have been randomized, and some thousands of deaths have been observed among the control and treated patients. The same, of course, may be true for any other fibrinolytic regimes (e.g. infusion of tissue plasminogen activator) if their net effects on mortality are comparable to those of IV SK. AUYusuf S; Collins R; Peto R; Furberg C; Stampfer MJ; Goldhaber SZ; Hennekens CH EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jul 1985, 6(7) p556-85 MJMyocardial Infarction; Streptokinase /TU; Urokinase /TU MNAnticoagulants /TU; Clinical Trials; Coronary Care Units; Coronary Vessels /DE; Infusions, Parenteral; Myocardial Infarction /MO; Recurrence; Streptokinase /AE; Urokinase /AE MTHuman RNEC 3.4.- (Streptokinase); EC 3.4.21.- (Plasminogen Activator, Tissue-Type); 9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004763 TIIntravenous administration of a thrombolytic agent is the only realistic therapeutic approach in evolving myocardial infarction. AUVerstraete M EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jul 1985, 6(7) p586-93 MJMyocardial Infarction; Plasminogen Activator, Tissue-Type; Streptokinase MNClinical Trials; Coronary Circulation /DE; Coronary Vessels /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heparin /TU; Infusions, Parenteral MTComparative Study; Human IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004764 TIPrognostic significance of repetitive ventricular response in chronic coronary artery disease. ABA prospective study was conducted in 267 patients with angiographically defined coronary artery disease without documented ventricular tachycardia to determine the prognostic significance of repetitive ventricular response (RVR) after programmed electrical stimulation (PES). The patients were classified inducible if RVR with 3 or more echo beats (RVR greater than or equal to 3) could be induced. 89 patients without previous myocardial infarction (MI), 61 survivors of MI occurring between 6 weeks and 3 months before and 117 patients who had survived longer than 3 months after MI were studied. A standardized stimulation protocol with single (S1S2) and double (S1S2S3) extrastimuli during ventricular drive at a cycle length of 600, 500 and 430 ms with a current strength below 5 mA at the right ventricular apex was employed. Ventricular responses with 3 to 5 echo beats (RVR3-5) and with 6 and more echo beats (RVR greater than or equal to 6) were distinguished. In 68 (25%) patients RVR3-5 and in 38 (14%) patients RVR greater than or equal to 6 was observed; in 11 patients with RVR greater than or equal to 6 sustained VT was initiated which was monomorphic in 5 of them. The occurrence of RVR greater than or equal to 6 was related to the time interval to prior MI and most frequently found within 3 months of MI. A higher incidence of RVR greater than or equal to 6 was observed in more advanced CAD, although the angiographic findings were unable to predict the results of PES. During a mean follow up of 20 months 11 patients died, 8 suddenly, 3 in cardiac failure. Those who died had more extensive CAD, RVR greater than or equal to 3 was found in 4 of them and nonsustained VT in one. The sensitivity of RVR greater than or equal to 3 as a predictor of sudden death (SD) was 36% and the specifity 60%. The predictive value of inducibility of RVR greater than or equal to 3 as indicator of SD was 4% and the predictive value of noninducibility was 98%. It is concluded that in patients with chronic CAD without spontaneous VT, RVR with 3 more echo beats does not identify a predisposition to die suddenly. AUTreese N; Pop T; Meinertz T; Kasper W; Geibel A; Stienen U; Meyer J EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jul 1985, 6(7) p594-601 MJCoronary Disease; Heart Ventricle; Tachycardia MNAdult; Aged; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Coronary Vessels /RA; Death, Sudden /ET; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Age; Myocardial Infarction /PP; Prognosis MTFemale; Human; Male IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004765 TIElectrophysiology of normal anterograde atrio-ventricular conduction with and without autonomic blockade. ABThe electrophysiological measures of atrio-ventricular (A-V) conduction were investigated in 20 normal subjects (mean age: 43.9 +/- 15.7 years) both during basal state and after pharmacological autonomic blockade. In the basal state A-H and H-V intervals and H wave duration ranged from 55-110 ms (mean 83 +/- 15.9), 35-45 ms (mean 39.5 +/- 3.9) and 10-20 ms (mean 17 +/- 4.1), respectively. The lowest atrial rate inducing Wenckebach periods ranged from 150-200 beats min-1 (mean 176.5 +/- 13.8). The effective refractory period (ERP) and the functional refractory period from FRP) of the atrium ranged from 160-260 ms (mean 211 +/- 26.7) and 210-280 ms (mean 252.5 +/- 21.2), respectively. The ERP and the FRP of the A-V node were in the ranges 230-310 ms (mean 269.3 +/- 27.2) and 330-450 ms (mean 395 +/- 41.2), respectively. After autonomic blockade the H-V interval and the H wave duration did not change in any subject. The A-H interval was in the range 55-105 ms (mean 82.5 +/- 15) and the lowest atrial rate inducing Wenckebach periods 150-220 beats min-1 (mean 179.5 +/- 13.5). The ERP and the FRP of the atrium ranged from 170-270 ms (mean 215.5 +/- 28.3) and 210-300 ms (mean 254 +/- 27.2), respectively. The ERP and the FRP of the A-V node were in the ranges 220-320 ms (mean 260.8 +/- 32) and 330-440 ms (mean 383.3 +/- 43.7), respectively. The A-V node variables did not change significantly following autonomic blockade. These data indicate that: the definition of normal values of A-V node measurements after autonomic blockade allow us to evaluate the role of the autonomic nervous system in the patients with A-V node conduction disturbances; in the basal state the normal values of A-V conduction variables we obtained, of refractory periods in particular, are shorter than those previously reported; this appears to be related to the strict criteria we used in subject selection. AUAlboni P; Pirani R; Paparella N; Tomasi AM; Masoni A EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jul 1985, 6(7) p602-8 MJAtrioventricular Node; Autonomic Nervous System; Electrocardiography; Heart Conduction System MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Autonomic Nerve Block; Bundle of His /PH; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Middle Age; Vagus Nerve /PH MTFemale; Human; Male IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004766 TIProarrhythmic and antiarrhythmic effects of intravenous prostacyclin in man. ABProstacyclin (PGI2) has been shown to reduce the occurrence of experimental ventricular arrhythmias. To assess potential beneficial effects in man, the electrophysiological action of PGI2 was studied in 16 non medicated patients. The protocol used in incremental pacing and programmed stimulation in the right atrium and ventricle. This protocol and measurement of effective refractory periods (ERP) were performed before and during the injection of 2.5, 5 and 10 ng kg-1 min-1 of PGI2. The atrial functional refractory period decreased significantly (P less than 0.05); PGI2 had no influence on the occurrence of inducible non-sustained (NS) atrial tachycardias and was responsible for the occurrence of 2 non-sustained atrial tachycardias in 8 patients with inducible atrial echo beats under basal conditions. Thirteen patients did not have inducible ventricular tachycardia (VT) under basal conditions. Non-sustained VT was induced after PGI2 in 4 of them but in only 1 of them after the administration of propranolol. Three patients had inducible VT under basal conditions (1 non-sustained, 2 sustained VT). PGI2 did not prevent the occurrence of VT (1 non-sustained, 1 sustained VT), except in 1 patient with ischaemic-related VT, who had non-sustained VT after PGI2. In conclusion, PGI2 does not seem to have a cardiac antiarrhythmic effect and may increase the atrial and ventricular repetitive response. This effect could be related to an increase of adrenergic tone. AUBrembilla-Perrot B; Terrier de la Chaise A; Clozel J; Cherrier F; Faivre G EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jul 1985, 6(7) p609-14 MJArrhythmia; Electrocardiography; Prostaglandins X /TU MNAdult; Aged; Atrioventricular Node /DE; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Heart Ventricle /DE; Middle Age; Prostaglandins X /AE; Tachycardia /CI MTFemale; Human; Male RN23288-60-0 (Technetium Tc 99m Pertechnetate); 7440-28-0 (Thallium) IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004767 TISignificance of a positive exercise ECG in middle-aged and old athletes as judged by echocardiographic, radionuclide and follow-up findings. ABTo study the pathologic and prognostic significance of--and possible underlying mechanisms for--a pathological exercise ECG in athletes, two age-matched groups were selected from a total population of 117 middle-aged and old endurance athletes: Group A: 21 with a pathological exercise-ECG, and group B: 21 with normal exercise-ECGs. Data from 201-thallium perfusion scintigraphy, 99 m-technetium multiple gated acquisition ventriculography (MUGA), resting echocardiography and 3 years follow-up are as follows: None had thallium findings indicating reversible myocardial ischaemia, but one from group A had a probable old myocardial infarction. All had normal resting MUGA, but group A men slightly more often presented a subnormal increase in ejection fraction according to exercise MUGA than group B men (9/20 vs 4/21). The former also more often had ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (19/21 vs 14/21). However, apart from slightly longer ventricular filling time among group A men the echocardiograms revealed no group differences e.g. in cardiac dimensions or in indices of systolic or diastolic function. Regardless of exercise-ECG response, 18/42 athletes had one or more value of left ventricular dimensions or diameter exceeding the 95th percentile of the normal range. Since one patient from group A had asymmetric septal hypertrophy, one developed cardiomyopathy during the 3 years follow-up and one had a previous myocardial infarction, only 3/21 had cardiac disease which might explain the pathological exercise-ECG. Thus, pathological exercise-ECG rarely signifies heart disease in athletes, and very rarely coronary heart disease. Rather, the pathological exercise-ECG may be related to LVH and various subtle alterations in cardiac physiology following long-term endurance training. AULie H; Ihlen H; Rootwelt K EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jul 1985, 6(7) p615-24 MJCoronary Disease; Electrocardiography; Exercise Test; Skiing MNAdult; Cardiac Output; Echocardiography; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Enlargement /DI; Heart Ventricle /RI; Middle Age; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Infarction /DI; Radioisotopes /DU; Technetium Tc 99m Pertechnetate /DU; Thallium /DU MTHuman; Male RN55-63-0 (Glyceryl Trinitrate) IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004768 TIThe time of onset of action of sublingual nitroglycerin in exercise-induced angina pectoris. A methodological study. ABNitroglycerin 0.5 mg sublingually was tested in two exercise protocols in order to determine the time of onset of the anti-anginal action. When patients stopped exertion after nitroglycerin administered at the time of moderate chest pain and one minute before stopping exercise, no anti-anginal or anti-ischaemic effect was seen compared with a placebo-medicated test given double-blindly. When the patients continued exertion after nitroglycerin administered at the onset of chest pain, a significant decrease in chest pain intensity and an improvement in ST-segment depression was seen. It is concluded that administration of a quick-acting anti-anginal drug at the onset of chest pain during continued bicycle exercise provides a suitable test model to determine the time of onset of action in exertional angina pectoris. AUNyberg G EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jul 1985, 6(7) p625-30 MJAngina Pectoris; Exercise Test; Glyceryl Trinitrate MNAged; Blood Pressure /DE; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Electrocardiography; Heart Rate /DE; Middle Age; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004769 TIVentricular septal rupture diagnosed by simultaneous cross-sectional echocardiography and Doppler ultrasound. ABThirteen patients with intraventricular septal rupture in the course of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been examined with simultaneous cross-sectional echocardiography (CSE) and Doppler ultrasound. Visualization of the rupture was achieved in six patients by CSE alone. The simultaneous technique identified the rupture in all patients. Eight patients were operated upon; seven of them are still alive. We conclude that simultaneous CSE and Doppler ultrasound is a sensitive, rapid and safe technique for diagnosing ventricular septal rupture (VSR) after AMI. AUSmith G; Endresen K; Sivertssen E; Semb G EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jul 1985, 6(7) p631-6 MJEchocardiography; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular; Myocardial Infarction MNAged; Aortocoronary Bypass; Heart Aneurysm /DI; Heart Catheterization; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular /SU; Middle Age; Myocardial Infarction /SU; Postoperative Complications /DI; Rupture, Spontaneous MTFemale; Human; Male IS0195-668X LAEnglish JCEM8 SBM UI86004770 TIMyocardial infarction during marijuana smoking in a young female. AUCollins JS; Higginson JD; Boyle DM; Webb SW EM8601 SOEur Heart J (England), Jul 1985, 6(7) p637-8 MJCannabis Abuse; Myocardial Infarction MNAdult; Electrocardiography; Exercise Test MTCase Report; Female; Human RN0 (technetium Tc 99m pentetate); 67-43-6 (DTPA); 7440-26-8 (Technetium) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004771 TI99mTc-DTPA gamma-camera renography: normal values and rapid determination of single-kidney glomerular filtration rate. ABA method for 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) gamma-camera renography is presented. From each renogram, an uptake index (UI) proportional to the single-kidney glomerular filtration rate (SKGFR) is defined. If the proportionality factor between UI and SKGFR is the same in all patients, UI can be used as an accurate measure of SKGFR. In order to test this, 99mTc-DTPA renography was performed in 101 patients with glomerular filtration rates (GFR) varying between 4 and 172 ml/min. The sum of the right- and left-kidney UIs correlated well with the total GFR calculated from the simultaneously measured plasma clearance of 99mTc-DTPA after a single injection. The correlation coefficient was 0.97. The method was tested in a prospective study of 57 patients. The total GFR estimated from the renograms was not significantly different from the GFR calculated from the plasma clearance of 99mTc-DTPA. The coefficient of variation--a combination of inaccuracy and imprecision in the estimates as well as in the reference values-was 11.8% at a GFR of 100 ml/min. It is concluded that, in adults, the SKGFR can be calculated as part of the clinical routine from 99mTc-DTPA gamma-camera renography without determining the injected dose or collecting urine or blood samples. Normal values for some parameters of the renogram obtained in 25 normal subjects are given. AURehling M; Moller ML; Lund JO; Jensen KB; Thamdrup B; Trap-Jensen J EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(1) p1-6 MJDTPA; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Radioisotope Renography; Technetium MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Reference Values MTFemale; Human; Male RN30461-91-7 (19-Iodocholesterol); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004772 TILeydig-cell tumor of the ovary: visualization using 131I-19-iodocholesterol scintigraphy. ABA Leydig (Hilus)-cell tumor of the ovary was diagnosed in a 54-year-old woman with severe hirsutism and virilization. This case is unique in that it was diagnosed in a postmenopausal female 24 years after ovarian irradiation for sterilization, and the tumor was successfully localized preoperatively using 131I-19-iodocholesterol scintigraphy. This nuclear scanning technique may be of use in documenting the biologic activity of ovarian masses and in localizing functioning ovarian tumors which are too small to palpate or to localize by other means. AUGlaser B; Weill S; Lurie M; Kahana L; Abramovici H; Sheinfeld M EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(1) p13-6 MJ19-Iodocholesterol; Cholesterol; Leydig Cell Tumor /RI; Ovarian Neoplasms /RI MNLeydig Cell Tumor /PA; Middle Age; Ovarian Neoplasms /PA; Ovary /PA MTCase Report; Female; Human RN7439-90-9 (Krypton) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004773 TIEvaluation of methods for qualitative and quantitative assessment of esophageal transit of liquid. ABThe aim of this work was to compare the advantages and the limitations of several data processing techniques for the assessment of esophageal transit. The following qualitative methods were evaluated: scintigraphic image, cine-display, regional time-activity curve, and condensed image. The quantitative methods evaluated were the pixel to pixel presentation of parameters of the time-activity curves such as time of arrival, time to maximum, and several downslope parameters, mean transit time, mean time, and a new transit parameter based on the radioactive decay. The study allowed us to conclude that for the detection and the quantitation of esophageal transit the method of choice was the combined use of the condensed image and the pixel to pixel mean time image. The parametric image using the transit parameter calculated from decay was shown as a valuable alternative if an ultra-short half-life radionuclide was used as the tracer. AUHam HR; Georges B; Guillaume M; Erbsmann F; Dobbeleir A EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(1) p17-21 MJEsophagus MNEsophagus /RI; Krypton /DU; Methods; Peristalsis; Radioisotopes /DU MTComparative Study; Human IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004774 TIRadionuclide imaging of ovarian tumours with a radiolabelled (123I) monoclonal antibody (NDOG2). ABThe biodistribution of a radiolabelled monoclonal antibody (123I-NDOG2) was studied in patients with ovarian tumour. It was found that the uptake patterns in known tumour sites was variable and that the clearance of the agent from the vascular pool was due to renal excretion of the radionuclide and the redistribution of the radioactively labelled compound into other compartments. The mean (+/- SD) plasma clearance time was 20.8 (+/- 2.3) h and the ratios of target (tumour) to background (thigh) ranged between 1.4 and 4.8. The ratio between the plasma radioactivity at either 3.5 or 20 h after administration was calculated relative to the initial plasma radioactivity. These values (0.79 and 0.48, respectively) were incorporated into an image-subtraction technique that allowed for redistribution outside the vascular pool. A whole-body dose equivalent to 16.3 mu Sv MBq-1 (60.4 mrem.mCi-1) was calculated. AUJackson PC; Pitcher EM; Davies JO; Davies ER; Sadowski CS; Staddon GE; Stirrat GM; Sunderland CA EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(1) p22-8 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Iodine Radioisotopes; Ovarian Neoplasms MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /AN; Tissue Distribution MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004775 TITomographic measurement of cerebral blood flow by the 68Ga-labelled-microsphere and continuous-C15O2-inhalation methods. ABThe measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) by continuous C15O2 inhalation has only been validated previously by indirect experimental protocols. In the present study using baboons, these measurements were compared directly with those obtained by injection of 68Ga-labelled serum-albumin microspheres in the left cardiac ventricle. Using a modified labelling technique, no elution of 68 Ga occurred in vivo. Both methods provided similar regional CBF values, which could be described by a significant linear correlation (CBFCO2 = 0.82 CBFmicrospheres + 5.7; P less than 0.001). The validity of the labelled-microsphere-injection method was verified. The feasibility of stable in vivo labelling of 68Ga to serum-albumin microspheres provides a reference method for organ blood-flow measurements using positron-emission tomography. AUSteinling M; Baron JC; Maziere B; Lasjaunias P; Loc'h C; Cabanis EA; Guillon B EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(1) p29-32 MJCarbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Gallium Radioisotopes; Tomography, Emission Computed MNCarbon Radioisotopes /DU; Microspheres; Papio; Serum Albumin /DU MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN147-58-0 (Iodohippuric Acid) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004776 TISerial measurement of renal plasma flow. ABEffective renal plasma flow was measured two or three times in 1 h in 12 healthy volunteers. Radiohippuran (ortho-iodohippurate) was injected intravenously, and blood samples were obtained 8, 13 and 18 min post-administration. The problem of interference in succeeding measurements by activity from preceding injections was overcome by the use of three different radiolabels. These were, in order of use, 125I, 123I and 131I. The principal energies of gamma- and/or X-ray emission were 30, 160 and 365 KeV, respectively, allowing completely independent assay. A close correlation was observed between the results obtained for the three radionuclides over a wide range of renal plasma flow. The technique is relatively non-invasive and is presented as a suitable method for the important task of measuring renal plasma flow under the influence of drugs, especially of anaesthetics. AULeach KG; Slowey HF; Rosen M; Asscher AW EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(1) p33-5 MJRenal Circulation MNAdult; Iodohippuric Acid /DU; Methods; Middle Age; Time Factors MTHuman RN1406-16-2 (Vitamin D); 63347-66-0 (Technetium Tc 99m Medronate) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004777 TIDiffuse pulmonary uptake of 99mTc bone-imaging agents: case report and survey. ABOver the past 5 years, we have encountered 6 cases of diffuse pulmonary uptake of 99m-Tc bone-scanning agents (incidence, 0.04%). To assess the significance of this phenomenon, we reviewed all of the cases reported since 1974 (Including our series, a total of 32 cases). Three groups can be discerned, the first consisting of 24 patients without radiological calcifications in the lungs and with hypercalcemia of different origins (mostly hyperparathyroidism). Of the eight autopsies performed in this group, seven revealed extensive calcifications in alveolar walls and lung vessels; the other autopsy showed no calcification at all and only bronchopneumonic lesions. The second group consists of 6 patients in chronic dialysis. The last group consists of 2 patients having diffuse pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis with extensive radiologic calcifications. The mechanism of lung uptake of 99m-Tc bone-imaging agents is probably the same as that of bone uptake (chemisorption on hydroxyapatite crystals), although other uptake mechanisms have also been discussed. Bone scintigraphy can be useful in the detection of early pulmonary calcifications, which have been associated with impaired pulmonary function and, due to their size, are generally not detected by X-ray. AUCoolens JL; Devos P; De Roo M EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(1) p36-42 MJBone Diseases; Calcinosis; Lung Diseases; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate MNAdenoma /RI; Adult; Aged; Hypercalcemia /RI; Middle Age; Multiple Myeloma /RI; Parathyroid Neoplasms /RI; Vitamin D /PO MCReview MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN63347-66-0 (Technetium Tc 99m Medronate) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004778 TIIntracranial meningioma with abnormal localization of bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical: correlation with gross and microscopic pathology. ABMeningioma is one of the neoplasms in which there may be extraosseous localization of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. Tumor calcification, calvarial erosion, and the formation of reactive bone have been proposed as the cause of this abnormal tracer localization. We present a patient with a frontal meningioma that was evaluated using 99mTc-methylene-diphosphonate bone scintigraphy, head computed tomography, and skull radiography; the homogeneous density seen in the radiographic studies corresponded to the area of bone-seeking-agent localization shown in the scintigram. At autopsy, bony tissue and a few psammoma bodies were found in the meningioma, and apparently accounted for the bone-tracer localization. There was no calvarial erosion and no formation of reactive bone. If skull-radiographic studies show a homogeneous, radio-opaque lesion with no reactive changes in the adjacent skull, a meningioma showing a localization of a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical may be predicted to have bone-tissue formation with or without psammoma bodies. AUShih WJ; Wang AM; Domstad PA; Cho SR; DeLand FH EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(1) p43-5 MJMeningeal Neoplasms /RI; Meningioma /RI; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate MNAged; Brain /PA; Meningeal Neoplasms /PA /RA; Meningioma /PA /RA; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTCase Report; Comparative Study; Female; Human IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004779 TIScintigraphic demonstration of a diaphragmatic defect as the cause of massive hydrothorax in cirrhosis. ABA 64-year-old man presented with a massive right-sided hydrothorax associated with cirrhosis of the liver. There was no clinical evidence of ascites nor other underlying disease. The usual complementary tests failed to demonstrate any causative abnormality. Chest and abdominal scintigraphy after intraperitoneal injection of 99mTc-human serum albumin disclosed early filling of the pleural space by the radiopharmaceutical and suggested a diaphragmatic defect as the cause for this rare association. AUSerena A; Aliaga L; Richter JA; Calderon R; Sanchez L; Charvet MA EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(1) p46-8 MJDiaphragm; Hydrothorax; Liver Cirrhosis MNMiddle Age; Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin /DU MTCase Report; Human; Male RN14514-42-2 (indium oxine); 148-24-3 (8-Hydroxyquinoline); 7440-74-6 (Indium) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004780 TIA giant tumor thrombus in the right atrium clearly detected by 111In-oxine labeled platelet scintigraphy. ABA 54-year-old man was admitted to hospital with a 3-month history of progressive dyspnea with coughing. A giant right atrial mass, originating from a hepatocellular carcinoma, was visualized by computed tomography, and digital subtraction angiography. The volume of the right atrial mass was increasing rapidly. It was therefore essential to determine whether this giant mass was a tumor thrombus or a multiplication of the hepatocellular carcinoma. 111In-oxine labeled platelet scintigraphy revealed active accumulation in the right atrium caused by the presence of active platelet deposition, and slight accumulation in the lung fields probably due to embolic showers originating from the tumor thrombus in the right atrium. This is the first case report showing that 111In-oxine labeled platelet scintigraphy can aid in confirming the nature of a giant tumor thrombus in the right atrium and can clarify the pathogenesis of the respiratory symptoms. AUTakeda T; Ishikawa N; Sakakibara Y; Satoh A; Masuda Y; Hiramatsu Y; Akisada M EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(1) p49-50 MJ8-Hydroxyquinoline /DU; Blood Platelets; Coronary Disease; Heart Neoplasms /SC; Hepatoma /SC; Hydroxyquinolines; Indium; Liver Neoplasms MN8-Hydroxyquinoline /AA; Heart Atrium; Heart Neoplasms /RI; Hepatoma /RI; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (technetium Tc 99m pentetate); 67-43-6 (DTPA); 7440-26-8 (Technetium) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004781 TIComparative assessment of techniques for estimation of glomerular filtration rate with 99mTc-DTPA. ABThe relative accuracy of five simplified methods of measuring glomerular filtration rate was prospectively assessed using 99mTc-DTPA. The slope of the biological clearance curve, the 3-h volume of dilution and three renal tracer uptake methods (Piepsz, Gates and Nielsen) were concurrently compared with a multiple blood sampling reference method. The volume of dilution method from a single blood sample was markedly superior to the other four simplified methods which all had a similar degree of accuracy. AUFawdry RM; Gruenewald SM; Collins LT; Roberts AJ EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(1) p7-12 MJDTPA; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Radioisotope Renography; Technetium MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004782 TIEuropean Nuclear Medicine Congress. September 3-6, 1985, London, England. Abstracts. EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(2-3) pA1-49 MJRadionuclide Imaging MTHuman RN7440-28-0 (Thallium) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004783 TILocalization of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia with single view and biplanar radionuclide ventriculography: validation in single vessel coronary disease. ABThe ability of single view and biplanar radionuclide ventriculography (RVG) to determine the location of myocardial ischemia during maximal graded supine bicycle exercise was assessed in 50 patients with chest pain, no prior myocardial infarction, and a single coronary stenosis of greater than or equal to 50% luminal diameter narrowing at coronary angiography. A biplane collimator was used so that both right anterior oblique (RAO) gated first-pass and left anterior oblique (LAO) equilibrium RVG could be performed at rest and exercise. Results were compared with those obtained using 4-view 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy in the same patients. Regional wall motion abnormalities (WMA) and 201Tl perfusion defects were detected and assigned to individual coronary vessels by agreement between at least two of three independent observers, who read all studies blinded along with those from control subjects with chest pain but no angiographically significant coronary artery disease. When scintigraphic abnormalities were detected, both biplanar RVG (36/39 = 92%) and 201Tl (25/25 = 100%) were more frequently correct in predicting the stenosed vessel than single view LAO RVG (24/32 = 75%) (P less than 0.05). At RVG only inferior WMA, in the RAO view, predicted right coronary stenosis. Only posterolateral WMA, in the LAO view, predicted left circumflex stenosis. Thus biplanar, but not single view, LAO exercise RVG is a reasonable alternative to exercise 201Tl for localizing exercise-induced ischemic abnormalities to individual coronary stenoses. AUCurrie PJ; Kelly MJ; Kalff V; Anderson ST; Lim YL; Pitt A EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(2-3) p51-7 MJCoronary Disease MNAdult; Aged; Exercise Test /MT; Middle Age; Radioisotopes /DU; Thallium /DU MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-66-1 (methacetin) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004784 TINuclear medicine liver-function tests for pregnant women and children. 2. A new test method via urine using 15N-methacetin. ABA simple, non-invasive, non-radioactive liver-function test is proposed. After an oral dose of 3 mg 15N-methacetin per kilogram body mass, the kinetics of 15N excretion via urine were characterized by the quotient of the amounts of 15N excreted in two successive urine samples (Q value). The stable nitrogen isotope 15N was found to be an excellent and easily detectable indicator of the sum of all methacetin metabolites present in urine. Alterations in the nature or ratio of methacetin metabolites due to liver diseases could not be found. From the investigation of 11 men, 3 pregnant women and 15 children, a clear difference was observed in Q values of healthy persons and patients suffering from liver-cell-activity diseases. The discriminating power of our new liver-function test is shown to be equivalent to that of the 14CO2 breath test. AUKrumbiegel P; Hirschberg K; Faust H; Gunther K ; Schneider G EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(2-3) p58-61 MJAcetamides; Liver Function Tests; Pregnancy MNAcetamides /UR; Adolescence; Adult; Breath Tests; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Middle Age; Nitrogen Radioisotopes /DU MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN12125-02-9 (Ammonium Chloride) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004785 TIA liver-function test using 15N-labelled ammonium chloride. ABMalfunction of the liver involves disturbances of urea synthesis and ammonia detoxification. These phenomena became apparent, especially during ammonia loading of patients. The functional state of the liver can be assessed by oral administration of 15NH4Cl and subsequent analysis of 15N-urea and 15N-ammonia in urine by emission spectrometry. Clinical tests based on the ratio of the excess abundances of 15N-ammonia to 15N-urea excreted in urine 3 h after oral administration gave values for patients with liver disease which differed significantly from those for healthy subjects. Absorption disturbances, which often accompany liver diseases, do not influence the effectiveness of the method. AUJung K; Hirschberg K; Faust H; Matkowitz R EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(2-3) p62-4 MJAmmonium Chloride; Liver Function Tests MNAged; Liver Diseases /RI; Middle Age; Nitrogen Radioisotopes /DU MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (technetium Tc 99m pentetate); 67-43-6 (DTPA); 7440-26-8 (Technetium) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004786 TIA combined procedure for 99mTc aerosol ventilation and perfusion imaging. ABFor several years, radioaerosols have been successfully used to provide detailed images of regional ventilation to aid in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. It has been widely advocated that the ventilation images should follow the perfusion scan and that the amount of aerosol deposited in the patient's lungs should be three times greater than the perfusion dose. We employed an alternative approach which avoided the deposition of an unpredictable amount of aerosol in individual patients. The aerosol study was performed first, and the activity of the microspheres used for the perfusion images was then tailored to the actual amount of aerosol which the patient had retained. This allowed a microsphere/aerosol activity ratio of 10:1 to be readily achieved, thus successfully masking the ventilation pattern by the perfusion activity. The faster biological clearance of 99mTc-DTPA aerosol from the lung fields, as compared to 99mTc-sulphur-colloid aerosol, allowed higher initial activities to be deposited in the lungs, thus enabling a high-resolution collimator to be used. When the perfusion study was delayed by 1 h (one effective half-life for the 99mTc-DTPA aerosol), it was not necessary to increase the perfusion activity required to mask the ventilation image. AUSmart RC; Lyons NR; Burke JJ; Wood CF EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(2-3) p65-8 MJLung Diseases; Technetium; Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio MNAerosols; DTPA /DU; Methods; Microspheres; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid /DU MTHuman RN0 (technetium Tc 99m pentetate); 67-43-6 (DTPA); 7440-26-8 (Technetium) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004787 TIRenal perfusion and mean vascular transit time. ABA method was developed to determine the mean vascular (arterio-venous) transit time (MVTT) of renal transplants. The renal transit times were calculated from perfusion curves obtained when grafts were examined with 99mTc-DTPA. About 400 examinations were performed during a 6-month period. As a result, influences of clinical complications on transit times were demonstrated. It was found that the individual MVTT is not a suitable parameter for assessment of renal grafts since individual transit times vary widely. AUSchmidlin P; Clorius JH; Lubosch EM; Siems H; Boehm M; Dreikorn K EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(2-3) p69-72 MJKidney /TR; Perfusion; Renal Circulation MNDTPA /DU; Graft Rejection; Kidney /RI; Technetium /DU; Time Factors MTHuman IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004788 TIA comparison of the sensitivity of PET and NMR for in vivo quantitative metabolic imaging. ABUsing positron emission tomography (PET) in combination with compounds labelled with positron-emitting radionuclides like 11C, 13N and 15O, it is possible to study metabolism in vivo in a non-invasive way. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging takes advantage of the spin of protons in water molecules to measure both their number and relaxation times in vivo, but is, in principle, not limited to protons and can also be used for other nuclei with a non-zero spin, e.g. 13C and 31P. The use of 13C opens the possibility of studying the metabolism of a large number of compounds. In order to choose the appropriate methodology for metabolic imaging, i.e. PET or NMR, it is important to know the sensitivity of each modality. The present study outlines the sensitivity of both techniques. AUPaans AM; Vaalburg W; Woldring MG EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(2-3) p73-5 MJMetabolism; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Tomography, Emission Computed MNCarbon Isotopes /DU; Carbon Radioisotopes /DU MTComparative Study RN67-43-6 (DTPA); 7440-74-6 (Indium) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004789 TIDetection of occult and intermittent rhinorrhea using 111In-DTPA. ABIn an attempt to detect occult or intermittent rhinorrhea, 10 patients without and 9 cases with rhinorrhea were investigated after a lumbal injection of 1.3 mCi 111In-DTPA. Significant count rates were detectable in the nasal pledgets of all individuals, so that it was not possible to distinguish those with and those without rhinorrhea. Therefore, the ratio of activity in nasal pledgets and blood normalized for weight recommended by McKusick et al. was used. In the patients without evidence of rhinorrhea, the ratio did not exceed 2.0, whereas in 8 of the 9 cases with rhinorrhea, it was considerably increased. The detectability of rhinorrhea was increased by using more than one measurement and by provocation manoeuvres. AUSchicha H; Voth E; Emrich D EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(2-3) p76-9 MJCerebrospinal Rhinorrhea; DTPA MNAdult; Aged; Indium /DU; Middle Age; Radioisotopes /DU; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN7440-26-8 (Technetium) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004790 TIEvaluation of 99mTc-dextran as a lymphoscintigraphic agent in rabbits. ABDextran (clinical grade, average mol. wt. 82,200) was labelled with 99mTc and the labelling efficiency was checked by paper and thin-layer chromatography and electrophoresis. The amount of free 99mTcO-4 was always less than 1%. The radiopharmaceutical was injected ID into the web space in hind legs of ten rabbits (200-600 microCi/0.05 ml). Scintigrams were taken at 10-min intervals up to 3 h in three rabbits. The injection site and the hind legs were massaged after injection in the other seven rabbits and scintigrams were taken at 10-min intervals up to 2 h. Blood samples were obtained at 5, 15, 30, 90 and 120 min in both groups. In addition a 180-min sample was also taken in the first group. At the end of the study the rabbits were killed and the popliteal lymph nodes and the organs were removed to be weighed and counted. Our results indicated a high concentration of radioactivity in the popliteal lymph nodes and massage at the injection site increased the average uptake of the popliteal lymph node from 1.12% +/- 0.77% to 4.28% +/- 1.57% at 3 and 2 h, respectively (P less than 0.001). In scintigrams the lymph channels and the nodes were very well visualised. The blood radioactivity levels were too low to present a background problem. With massage 30% of the injected dose was removed from the injection site in 2 h. We have shown that 99mTc-dextran is a good radiopharmaceutical for the visualisation of the lymph system and deserves further experimental and clinical studies. AUErcan MT; Schneidereit M; Senekowitsch R; Kriegel H EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(2-3) p80-4 MJDextrans; Lymphatic System MNEvaluation Studies; Lymph Nodes /RI; Rabbits; Technetium /DU MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004791 TIInquiry to standardize nuclear-medical functional investigations. AUBauer R; Pabst HW EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(2-3) p85-7 MJRadionuclide Imaging MNEurope; Questionnaires MTHuman RN0 (technetium Tc 99m antimony sulfide); 7440-26-8 (Technetium); 7440-36-0 (Antimony) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004792 TIScintigraphy of lymphatic vessels in malignant melanoma of the skin before operation (en bloc excision). ABAn injection of 99mTc-labelled antimony sulphide colloid was used to show the lymphatic pathways in patients with malignant melanoma of the trunk skin. Using a gamma camera, optimal visualisation was obtained 15-30 min postinjection. Surprising deviations of the lymphatic pathways were found; therefore, this method makes it possible to plan continuity dissection appropriate to individual cases. Two examples are presented. AUBuchali K; Winter H; Blesin HJ; Schurer M ; Sydow K EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(2-3) p88-9 MJLymphatic System; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms MNAntimony /DU; Patient Care Planning /MT; Technetium /DU MTHuman RN0 (technetium Tc 99m tin colloid); 7440-26-8 (Technetium); 7440-31-5 (Tin); 75-78-5 (dichlorodimethylsilane) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004793 TIThe prevention of adhesion of 99mTc-tin (II) colloid to glass surfaces. ABThe tin(II) colloid is highly surface active and adheres strongly to glass surfaces. Treating glass with 5% (v/v) dichlorodimethylsilane in toluene causes a significant reduction in the adhesion of the colloid. AURoberts NK; Connolly R EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(2-3) p90 MJGlass; Technetium; Tin MNAdhesiveness; Silanes MTHuman RN23288-60-0 (Technetium Tc 99m Pertechnetate) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004794 TIHemoptysis and pulmonary artery agenesis: case report. ABThe combination of a pulmonary scintigram using radioactive labeled albumin macroaggregates (MAA) and a study of the circulation in the bronchial artery was performed in one patient. This noninvasive methodology showed that there was increased circulation to the vascular territory of the lung in which the pulmonary artery was missing. This could have resulted from abnormal communications between the bronchial artery and the pulmonary vessels or an increased blood supply to the right lung from bronchial arteries arising from the aorta. The absence of pulmonary circulation in the right lung was proved by the absence of radioactivity in the right lung after an intravenous injection of labeled albumin MAA. AULopez-Majano V EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(2-3) p91-3 MJHemoptysis; Pulmonary Artery MNAdult; Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin /DU; Technetium Tc 99m Pertechnetate /DU MTCase Report; Human; Male RN7440-74-6 (Indium) IS0340-6997 LAEnglish JCENC SBM UI86004795 TIScintigraphic localization of occult gastrointestinal bleeding using a combination of 111In-labelled platelets and 99mTc sulphur colloid. ABRepeated scintigraphy was performed for 6 days after the injection of autologous 111In-labeled platelets in a patient showing signs of recurrent occult gastrointestinal bleeding. Colonic activity was observed 142 h post injection, at which time a superimposed study using 99mTc sulphur colloid pinpointed the source of bleeding in the transverse colon. AUSchmidt KG; Rasmussen JW; Strate M EM8601 SOEur J Nucl Med (Germany, West), 1985, 11(2-3) p94-5 MJBlood Platelets; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal; Indium; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid MNAged; Radioisotopes /DU MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004796 TILocal therapy of rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma of children and adolescents. ABLocal control of the primary tumour is a fundamental requirement for clinical cure. Towards this aim, the primary tumour must be diagnosed early and identified histologically. The size, extension, and spread within the patient must be defined precisely. In planning effective local therapy, additional questions must be answered including resectability, mutilation, sensitivity to radio- and chemotherapy, anticipated morbidity from therapeutic measures, etc. For osteosarcoma there is no reasonable alternative to radical surgery. Because of the 20% local recurrence rate of Ewing's sarcoma following radiotherapy, radical surgical removal of the primary tumour should be attempted whenever possible. For rhabdomyosarcoma, particularly for its embryonal histology, non-radical removal of the primary sarcoma is still compatible with a cure, provided adequate radio- and chemotherapy is also administered. Primary irradiation is indicated in radiosensitive unresectable primary tumours and may convert these into an operable state. Chemotherapy is the domain of prevention and treatment of metastatic disease. It has, however, also a proved effect on primary tumours and, in several recent protocols, precedes local therapy. AUPrindull G; Willert HG; Notter G EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p120-4 MJRhabdomyosarcoma /TH; Sarcoma, Ewing's /TH; Sarcoma, Osteogenic /TH MNAdolescence; Amputation; Antineoplastic Agents /TU; Child, Preschool; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Extremities; Head and Neck Neoplasms /TH; Infant; Rhabdomyosarcoma /RT /SU; Sarcoma, Ewing's /RT /SU; Sarcoma, Osteogenic /RT /SU; Spinal Neoplasms /TH MTHuman IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004797 TISevere combined immunodeficiency: treatment by bone marrow transplantation in 15 infants using HLA-haploidentical donors. ABIn 15 infants with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), immunological reconstitution was attempted by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from HLA-haplo-identical parents. To prevent graft versus host disease (GvHD), marrow grafts were depleted of contaminating T-lymphocytes using lectin agglutination and rosette formation with sheep red blood cells. Thirteen patients received transplants without undergoing prior cytoreductive conditioning. Eleven of these developed donor-dependent T-cell functions, two failed to do this. One of these two as well as two further patients received cytoreductive treatment prior to repeat and to first transplants and in two, complete lymphohemopoietic reconstitution was observed. Of the 15 patients who received transplants, 11 are currently alive. Two recently treated patients remain in the hospital, nine are at home with stable T-cell functions. Normal humoral immune functions have developed upto now in three patients. In the others, gamma globulins are regularly substituted. Complications of acute or chronic GvHD were not observed with the exception of one case who developed transient GvHD of the skin. These results suggest that in a majority of patients with SCID, T-cell functions can develop without GvHD following haploidentical, T-cell-depleted BMT. Exceptional patients require preconditioning to allow donor cell engraftment, an approach that also appears to facilitate reconstitution of humoral immune functions. AUFriedrich W; Goldmann SF; Ebell W; Blutters-Sawatzki R ; Gaedicke G; Raghavachar A; Peter HH; Belohradsky B; Kreth W; Kubanek B; et al EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p125-30 MJBone Marrow; HLA Antigens; Histocompatibility; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes /TH MNGraft vs Host Disease /PC; Haploidy; Hematopoiesis; Histocompatibility Testing; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes /PP; Infant, Newborn; Infant; T Lymphocytes /PH MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004798 TICerebral gigantism (Sotos syndrome). Compiled data of 22 cases. Analysis of clinical features, growth and plasma somatomedin. ABAn in depth study on growth, bone age, cranial CT scans and plasma somatomedin activity (SM-act) was made of 22 children with Sotos syndrome. In addition to the known characteristics of the syndrome, thin and brittle nails were found in three adolescent patients. The mean body stature, expressed as standard deviation score, increased from 2.2-2.8 in the 1st year of life, followed by a fall to 2.0 in the 2nd year. Thereafter the SDS increased slowly to values of 3.0 at 10 years of age. At least two subjects have reached an exceptionally tall final stature. After the age of 2 years, delta SDS/year remained very stable (-0.1-0.2), concurring with growth velocities in the upper normal range. Bone age was advanced in all patients. Cranial CT scans showed ventricular widening, mid-line cava and Sylvian anomalies in nine, six, and three patients respectively. SM-act dropped from high or normal values in the 1st year, to below normal from 1-5 years, and returned thereafter to the lower half of normal or below the normal range. AUWit JM; Beemer FA; Barth PG; Oorthuys JW; Dijkstra PF; Van den Brande JL; Leschot NJ EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p131-40 MJAbnormalities, Multiple /DI; Brain; Gigantism /CN; Somatomedins MNAbnormalities, Multiple /BL; Adolescence; Age Factors; Body Height; Brain /RA; Child, Preschool; Child; Gigantism /BL /DI; Infant; Syndrome; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTFemale; Human; Male RN50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004799 TIGrowth in Cushing syndrome. ABPre- and post-operative growth was analysed in eight children with Cushing syndrome. Six children had Cushing's disease; three of them were treated by bilateral adrenalectomy and three by transphenoidal pituitary adenectomy. One child had an adrenocortical adenoma and another primary adrenocortical nodular dysplasia. The typical cushingoid habitus was not always present during hypercortisolism. In contrast, abnormal deceleration of longitudinal growth and increase in relative weight were constant. The slowing of growth started 0.2-5.1 years before diagnosis. In four children these changes concurred. In three others the excessive weight gain preceded the slowing of growth, by 2.5-7.0 years. In one patient the deceleration appeared first; this was a girl with concomitant coeliac disease. This pattern of growth change occurring before (normal slowing of growth in) late puberty should raise the possibility of hypercortisolism. There was a suggestion of a better growth recovery in Cushing disease after pituitary adenectomy than after bilateral adrenalectomy. AUVoutilainen R; Leisti S; Perheentupa J EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p141-5 MJCushing's Syndrome /PP; Growth MNAdolescence; Adrenalectomy; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Cushing's Syndrome /BL /SU; Hydrocortisone /BL; Infant; Pituitary Gland /SU MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004800 TIGrowth and sexual development in children with meningomyelocele. ABForty-five children (25 girls; 20 boys) with meningomyelocele (MMC) were assessed for growth, skeletal maturation and pubertal development. The spinal defects were operated on shortly after birth and all children required cerebral drainage for hydrocephalus. Standard deviation scores for height, sitting height, sub-ischiac leg length, head circumference, weight and bone age were compared with aged-matched data from a normal Swiss population. The children with MMC were shorter (height SDS boys -2.34 +/- 1.57; girls -2.01 +/- 1.57, mean +/- SD, P less than 0.0005), secondary to a decrease in trunk and lower limb length: Arm length was normal. The head circumference was increased, significantly in the girls (SDS + 1.49 +/- 1.21, P less than 0.005). Weight was decreased in both sexes, this being significant in the boys (SDS -1.11 +/- 1.23, P less than 0.005); however, comparison of weight with height suggested that children with MMC were relatively obese. Bone age was significantly advanced in both boys (SDS + 1.07 +/- 2.13, P less than 0.025) and girls (SDS + 1.36 +/- 1.77, P less than 0.0001). Secondary sex characteristics appeared early in both boys and girls and one girl and one boy presented with puberty advanced by several years. Cryptorchidism occurred in 25% of boys with MMC. AUGreene SA; Frank M; Zachmann M; Prader A EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p146-8 MJGrowth; Meningomyelocele /PP; Sex Maturation MNAdolescence; Age Determination by Skeleton; Anthropometry; Child, Preschool; Child; Cryptorchism /CO; Meningomyelocele /CO /SU; Puberty MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004801 TIEpilepsy and associated handicaps in a 1 year birth cohort in northern Finland. ABA 1 year birth cohort in the provinces of Oulu and Lapland in the Northern part of Finland consisted of 12058 live-born infants, this being 96% of all children born in 1966 in this area. Information on morbidity up to the age of 14 years was collected prospectively by means of questionnaires, special examinations and from national and regional registers of hospital admissions and social services contacts. The total number of children with epilepsy, defined as the occurrence of at least one afebrile epileptic seizure, was 208, 113 boys and 95 girls. The cumulative incidences for epilepsy up to the age of 14 years was 17.3 per 1000. Primary generalised epilepsy was present in 63% and partial seizures in 37%. At least one additional handicapping condition, such as cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and visual or auditory defect was present in 74 children (35.5%). Mental retardation was the most frequent additional handicap, being present in 28%, whereas 16% of the children had cerebral palsy. A total of 75% of the children were able to attend an ordinary school. The high frequency of epilepsy in this study, as compared to other studies, is explained by the cumulative registration of the cases and a high degree of ascertainment of cases with epilepsy. AUvon Wendt L; Rantakallio P; Saukkonen AL; Makinen H EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p149-51 MJEpilepsy /OC MNAdolescence; Cerebral Palsy /CO; Epidemiologic Methods; Epilepsy /CO; Finland; Hearing Disorders /CO; Mental Retardation /CO; Muscle Spasticity /CO; Paralysis /CO; Vision Disorders /CO MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-50-8 (Copper); 7440-66-6 (Zinc) IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004802 TISerum zinc and copper levels in children with meningococcal disease. ABMean serum zinc and copper levels were depressed in 94 children aged 1 month to 9 years who presented with meningococcal disease. The mean serum zinc level was 44 micrograms/dl (reference value 78 micrograms/dl, SD 18) and the mean serum copper level 157 micrograms/dl (reference value 159 micrograms/dl, SD 27). Nineteen patients had serum zinc levels less than 25 micrograms/dl and ten patients had serum copper levels less than 101 micrograms/dl. Serum zinc levels were significantly lower in patients who were septicaemic or in whom manifestations of severe disease such as shock, more than 20 petechiae, ecchymoses and evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation occurred compared to those without these features. Serum copper concentrations were higher than reference levels in patients with meningitis and in less severely ill patients. Copper levels were significantly lower in patients with septicaemia, severe disease, shock, more than 20 petechiae, ecchymoses, disseminated intravascular coagulation, leucopenia and patients who died compared with patients without these features. AUHeese HD; Ryder CS; Beatty DW; Pocock F; Power M EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p152-6 MJCopper; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningococcal Infections; Septicemia; Zinc MNChild, Preschool; Child; Infant; Meningitis, Meningococcal /PP; Meningococcal Infections /PP; Septicemia /PP MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004803 TIArrhythmia or myocarditis: a novel clinical form of Legionella pneumophila infection in children without pneumonia. ABThe possibility that L. pneumophila causes cardiac disorders without respiratory or pulmonary symptoms in childhood was investigated. Out of 20 children with cardiac troubles of unknown aetiology, three showed a four-fold antibody increase or fall in titre against L. pneumophila antigens by the IFA test. Two children, aged 7 months and 2.5 years, had self-limiting arrhythmia and a third, 10-year-old, was suffering from a severe myocarditis. There was no serologic evidence of concurrent infection by respiratory or coxsackie B viruses nor by M. pneumoniae. It is suggested that Legionella infection should be considered in cardiac diseases in childhood, even if pneumonia is lacking. AUCastellani Pastoris M; Nigro G; Midulla M EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p157-9 MJArrhythmia /ET; Legionella; Myocarditis /ET MNAntibodies, Bacterial /AN; Arrhythmia /DI; Bacterial Infections /DI; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Legionella /IM; Myocarditis /DI; Serodiagnosis MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004804 TIHepatitis B vaccination and immune response in children with malignant diseases. ABFifty children with malignant diseases were vaccinated against hepatitis B. Twenty-nine children suffered from leukaemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; 14 of these were on intensive chemotherapy (group I) and 15 were without intensive therapy (group II). The other 21 children had various forms of solid tumours, 14 of them were on intensive therapy (group III) and 7 were without intensive therapy (group IV). To evaluate the immune response, we determined antibody titres over a period of more than 14 weeks after the first vaccination. As 22 out of 50 patients had received passive immunisation together with either the first or the first and second vaccination, antibody titres at the 14th and 18th week (i.e. more than 10 weeks after passive immunisation) were used to evaluate the vaccination results. An antibody titre of greater than or equal to 10 mIU/ml was considered to be a positive response. All patients of group IV, but only 4 out of 14 in group III, 4 out of 15 in group II, and 0 out of 14 in group I produced antibody titres higher than 50 mIU/ml. In contrast to the full response in group IV, two-thirds of all other patients had no immune response (less than 10 mIU/ml). Based on our experience we recommend vaccinating patients suffering from solid tumours and receiving no intensive therapy (group IV) against hepatitis B and protecting all the other children with malignant diseases by passive immunisation, if necessary. AUEntacher U; Jurgenssen O ; Thun-Hohenstein L; Simbruner G; Khoss A; Wank H; Neuwirth G; Gadner H; Frisch-Niggemeyer W EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p160-3 MJAntibodies, Viral; Hepatitis B Virus; Hepatitis B /PC; Neoplasms /TH; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines MNAdolescence; Antineoplastic Agents /TU; Child, Preschool; Child; Hepatitis B /IM; Immunization, Passive; Infant; Neoplasms /CO /DT MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004805 TIBiphasic (early and late) asthmatic responses to exercise in children with severe asthma, resident at high altitude. ABTwenty-three children with severe asthma who had been resident at high altitude for at least 3 months, considerably reduced their requirement for regular anti-asthma therapy. On a standard exercise challenge in low humidity, ten had no response, seven had isolated immediate bronchospasm and six had biphasic responses with immediate bronchospasm followed 4-10 h later by a late reaction sustained for at least 2 h. The existence of biphasic responses after exercise, similar to those observed after antigen challenge, supports the concept of mast cell involvement in exercise-induced asthma. AUBoner A; Niero E; Antolini I; Warner JO EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p164-6 MJAsthma, Exercise-Induced; Asthma; Exertion MNAdolescence; Altitude; Chemotaxis; Child; Mast Cells /PH; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Pilot Projects MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.1.1.3 (Lipase); EC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin) IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004806 TISerum immunoreactive trypsin and pancreatic lipase in cystic fibrosis. ABSerum immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) and pancreatic lipase have been measured in 59 patients with cystic fibrosis (age 1 month-27 years). Follow-up values were obtained from 49 patients. Their serum enzyme levels were compared to those of 120 healthy children of all age groups. Faecal fat excretion was determined in selected patients (n = 23) to elucidate the relationship between serum enzyme levels and pancreatic exocrine function. In cystic fibrosis IRT and lipase showed a very similar age-correlated pattern: in infancy levels were markedly elevated. During the following years the concentrations of both enzymes decreased rapidly and were found to be far below the normal range after the 10th year of life. Elevated enzyme levels in infancy as well as low levels in all age groups coincided with steatorrhea. Older patients (11-27 years) without severe pancreatic insufficiency however, had IRT and lipase levels in or above the normal range. In healthy children there was no age dependency of IRT levels, whereas in the first 12 months of life lipase levels were significantly lower than in later childhood. AUBollbach R; Becker M; Rotthauwe HW EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p167-70 MJCystic Fibrosis; Lipase; Pancreas; Trypsin MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Child, Preschool; Child; Follow-Up Studies; Infant; Trypsin /IM MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN26566-61-0 (Galactose); 3617-44-5 (Phenylalanine); 7005-03-0 (Leucine); 7005-18-7 (Methionine) IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004807 TIInter-laboratory quality control in neonatal screening for inborn errors of metabolism. ABScreening of neonates for inborn errors of metabolism has been carried out on a national level since 1969 in the Federal Republic of Germany. To raise the reliability of these routine investigations, we introduced an external quality control in March 1982. Every 2 months ten filter paper samples were sent to the screening centres in West Germany. Some of these samples have a normal and others a slightly raised content of phenylalanine, leucine, methionine and galactose. The success of this external quality control is appraised on the basis of the number of false negative results. In the course of time, screening centres in France, Israel, Italy, Japan, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey and Yugoslavia have also participated in these inter-laboratory quality controls. AUMathias D; Bickel H EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p171-3 MJDiagnostic Tests, Routine; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Quality Control MNFalse Negative Reactions; Galactose /AN; Germany, West; Infant, Newborn; Leucine /AN; Methionine /AN; National Health Programs; Phenylalanine /AN MTHuman IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004808 TIHomozygous hypobetalipoproteinaemia and phenylketonuria. ABTwo patients, aged 0.1 and 2 years, with homozygous hypobetalipoproteinaemia, one with PKU in addition are described. The clinical evaluation showed no neurologic abnormalities. Treatment with a fat-reduced, protein and carbohydrate-enriched diet was combined with vitamin A and E supplementation, according to the suggestions for classical abetalipoproteinaemia. In the patient with PKU the protein intake was increased by using a phenylalanine-free, amino acid mixture. Only by this, were normal growth and weight gain achieved. AULeititis JU; Stahl M; Tackmann W; Wick H; Wildberg A EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p174-6 MJHypobetalipoproteinemia /FG; Hypolipoproteinemia; Phenylketonuria MNAdult; Child, Preschool; Child; Diet; Homozygote; Hypobetalipoproteinemia /BL /CO; Infant; Pedigree MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN503-49-1 (3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaric Acid) IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004809 TIDizygotic twins with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria; unusual presentation, family studies and dietary management. ABA 4-month-old infant with hypotonia and macrocephaly was diagnosed as having 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria, using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and confirmatory enzyme studies. The same diagnosis was made on his asymptomatic non-identical twin. Examination of the pedigree is consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Dietary treatment improved the symptoms of the propositus, but did not prevent episodes similar to Reye's syndrome in both twins. One such episode closely followed immunisation and our experience suggests that children with this disorder should be observed carefully following immunisation. These episodes were accompanied by an overflow of a wide range of abnormal metabolites. Examination of the urine for organic acids should be considered in infants with unexplained hypotonia and macrocephaly, especially if accompanied by abnormal biochemical indices. AUStacey TE; de Sousa C; Tracey BM; Whitelaw A; Mistry J; Timbrell P; Chalmers RA EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p177-81 MJ3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaric Acid; Acidosis /FG; Diseases in Twins; Glutarates MNAcidosis /DI /UR; Brain /AB; Chromatography, Gas; Convulsions /DI /ET; Diet; Infant; Muscle Hypotonia /DI /ET; Pedigree; Twins, Dizygotic; Vaccines /AE MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004810 TIAnalysis of proliferating lymphocyte subpopulations in newborns and adults. ABSurface markers of peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations were determined before and after in vitro stimulation of neonatal and adult mononuclear cells with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The type of cell responding to each mitogen was identified by a method combining autoradiography and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) staining method. In comparison with adults, there is a lower proportion of OKT3-positive lymphocytes in neonates (43% vs. 72%). Analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations after stimulating mononuclear cells with PHA and PWM showed that in neonates nearly the same percentages of OKT4-and OKT8-positive proliferating cells (43% and 40%, respectively) could be observed, whereas in the proliferating cells from the adults, the OKT8 surface marker predominated (41% vs. 18%). AUSchneider H EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p182-5 MJFetal Blood; Lymphocytes MNAdult; Autoradiography; Cells, Cultured; Fetal Blood /IM; Immunocompetence; Infant, Newborn; Lymphocytes /IM; Stains and Staining MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004811 TIDevelopment of the intestinal flora in very low birth weight infants compared to normal full-term newborns. ABDevelopment of faecal flora was studied in seven very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, who were fed on human milk and whose birth weights ranged from 810-1350 g. The intestine of the VLBW infants was first colonised by enterobacteria and streptococci, as it was in full-term infants. VLBW infants differed, however, from full-term infants in that both types of organism continued to be predominant for a longer period, and establishment of bifidobacterial flora was retarded. Bifidobacteria first appeared in the stools of VLBW infants at a mean age of 10.6 +/- 2.7 days and became predominant at a mean of 19.8 +/- 8.9 days, in contrast to full-term, breast-fed infants in whom bifidobacterial flora appeared at as early as 4 days of age. The delay seemed to be related to the low milk intake of the VLBW infants. The number of viable staphylococci in the stools of VLBW infants was generally higher than that in full-term infants. Although emergence of Bacteroides, Clostridium and lactobacilli was delayed compared with full-term infants, differences in their occurrence and prevalence between VLBW and full-term infants were not remarkable. AUSakata H; Yoshioka H; Fujita K EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p186-90 MJFeces; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Intestines MNBacteria, Aerobic /AN; Bacteria, Anaerobic /AN; Infant, Premature; Infant MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN9000-94-6 (Antithrombin III); 9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004812 TIAnticoagulant therapy by continuous heparin-antithrombin III infusion in newborns with disseminated intravascular coagulation. ABIn ten newborns with severe alteration of the coagulation system due to DIC, AT III concentrate was infused continuously after prior activation with heparin. The rise in AT III activity showed a great variability among the infants and for one child during the course of the therapy. The mean rise of AT III activity by 40 U/kg per day heparin was 8.7%. If AT III concentrate (40 U/kg per day) was activated with 200 U/kg per day heparin, excessive anticoagulation effect was only observed in one child. In four children who had failed to respond to prior heparin therapy, improvement of the coagulation status was achieved within 2 days. AUvon Kries R; Stannigel H; Gobel U EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p191-4 MJAntithrombin III; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Heparin MNAntithrombin III /TU; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation /ET /PP; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heparin /TU; Infant, Newborn; Infusions, Parenteral; Septicemia /CO; Thrombin Time MTHuman IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004814 TIMyelofibrosis arising in treated histiocytosis X. ABMyelofibrosis, or fibrous replacement of hematopoietic bone marrow, is rarely encountered in pediatric patients. An unusual, reversible case arising in the setting of treated histiocytosis X is reported, a previously undescribed association. The clinical, pathologic, radiographic, and scintigraphic characteristics of myelofibrosis are reviewed. AUSartoris DJ; Resnick D EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p200-2 MJAntineoplastic Agents; Histiocytosis X; Myelofibrosis MNHistiocytosis X /DT; Infant; Myelofibrosis /DI /RI; Osteosclerosis /CI /DI MTCase Report; Human; Male RNEC 3.1.3.11 (Hexosediphosphatase); 56-81-5 (Glycerin) IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004815 TIFructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency: glycerol excretion during fasting test. ABA Turkish boy had suffered since the age of 10 months from recurrent attacks of severe metabolic acidosis and hypoglycaemia precipitated by moderate respiratory tract infections. A liver biopsy showed lack of fructose 1,6-diphosphatase and absence of phosphorylase. The patient died in shock following fructose ingestion. Upon fasting, acidosis with increased lactate and glycerol excretion was found. Findings indicate that, in this inherited disorder of gluconeogenesis, lactic acidosis combined with increased glycerol excretion upon fasting are of diagnostic importance. AUDremsek PA; Sacher M; Stogmann W ; Gitzelmann R; Bachmann C EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p203-4 MJGlycerin; Hexosediphosphatase; Metabolism, Inborn Errors MNAcidosis /UR; Blood Glucose /AN; Fasting; Infant; Lactates /UR; Liver /AN; Metabolism, Inborn Errors /UR MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004816 TIObstructive sleep apnoea probably related to a foreign body. ABA 2-year-old child was admitted because of sudden onset of symptoms compatible with obstructive sleep apnoea. Physical examination revealed slightly hypertrophic tonsils. A polygraphic study showed 150 apnoeic episodes of obstructive type during 8 h night sleep. A foreign body consisting of a piece of a celophane candy wrapper was found by surgery. Removal of the foreign body, the adenoids and tonsils resulted in a complete recovery. A second polygraphic study performed 4 months after surgery gave entirely normal results. A foreign body should be considered in the aetiology of obstructive sleep apnoea of sudden onset in children. AULeiberman A; Yagupsky P; Lavie P EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p205-6 MJForeign Bodies; Nasopharynx; Sleep Apnea Syndromes MNAdenoidectomy; Airway Obstruction /ET /SU; Child, Preschool; Foreign Bodies /DI /SU; Tonsillectomy MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004817 TICapillary sampling as an alternative to venous sampling for blood culture in neonates [letter] AUSchroder CH ; Kollee LA ; Muytjens HL EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p206 MJBlood Specimen Collection; Capillaries; Septicemia MNInfant, Newborn; Punctures; Veins MTComparative Study; Human RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine); 57-41-0 (Phenytoin) IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004818 TIAplastic anaemia induced by intravenous phenytoin and lidocaine administration [letter] AUTomita S; Kurokawa T; Ueda K; Higuchi S EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p207-8 MJAnemia, Aplastic; Lidocaine /AE; Phenytoin /AE MNAdolescence; Drug Therapy, Combination; Lidocaine /AD; Phenytoin /AD MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004819 TIThe importance of the lymphatic system [letter] AUCasley-Smith JR EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p208 MJLymphatic System MTHuman RN55520-40-6 (Tyrosine) IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004820 TIPrenatal diagnosis of tyrosinaemia type I by use of stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry [letter] AUJakobs C; Kvittingen EA; Berger R; Haagen A; Kleijer W; Niermeijer M EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p209-10 MJAmino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors /DI; Mass Fragmentography; Prenatal Diagnosis; Tyrosine MNAmino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors /BL /FG; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0340-6199 LAEnglish JCEND SBM UI86004821 TIRecovery of vaccinal poliovirus type 1 from conjunctiva of an infant with transient, unilateral conjunctivitis [letter] AUMirkovic RR; Lamberts DW; Dolen J EM8601 SOEur J Pediatr (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 144(2) p210-1 MJConjunctivitis; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral MNConjunctiva /MI; Infant; Poliovirus /IP MTCase Report; Human; Male RN439-14-5 (Diazepam) IS0378-7966 LAEnglish JCENE SBM UI86004822 TIDiazepam: kinetic profiles in various brain areas, plasma and erythrocytes after chronic administration in the rat. ABThe regional distribution of diazepam (DZP) was established in eleven discrete brain areas in the rat after i.m. chronic treatment (15 days; 5 mg/kg/day). In addition, the kinetic profiles of this drug were investigated in plasma, eryhtrocytes, and three CNS regions (nucleus caudatus, hippocampus, and cerebellum) upon which the pharmacokinetic study was focused. The modifications occuring in plasma-protein binding and erythrocytes binding were reported. In the CNS, the DZP was rapidly distributed; its concentrations and its kinetic profiles were not uniform in the different brain areas studied. The highest amount of DZP was noted in the hypothalamus, while nucleus caudatus and colliculi also presented important DZP levels. Concerning the kinetic parameters after chronic administration, an increase in the elimination half-life time value in central and peripheral compartments, as compared to values reported after acute administration, was observed. The study of cerebral DZP levels as compared with those in the erythrocytes or in plasma suggests a linear correlation in the three CNS areas investigated. These experimental results demonstrate the interest of such studies for psychotropic drug monitoring. AUHariton C; Jadot G; Mesdjian E; Mandel P EM8601 SOEur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet (France), Apr-Jun 1985, 10(2) p105-11 MJBrain; Diazepam /ME; Erythrocytes MNDiazepam /BL; Kinetics; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 20830-75-5 (Digoxin); 4562-36-1 (gitoxin) IS0378-7966 LAEnglish JCENE SBM UI86004823 TIA further study of the pharmacokinetics of gitoxin in rabbit isolated liver: clearance of 3H-gitoxin. ABHepatic clearance of 3H-gitoxin was studied in the rabbit using an isolated perfused liver technique with an emulsion of a perfluorocarbon. The liposoluble material in the perfusion medium was extracted with dichloromethane, and gitoxin was assayed in the extract by high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated for the liposoluble (dichloromethane soluble) material in the water phase obtained by centrifugation of the emulsion, for the liposoluble material and unchanged gitoxin in the total emulsion. Distribution and elimination half-lives of the liposoluble fraction in the water phase, were estimated to be 0.47 and 4.80 hours respectively, Vd to be 148 ml.g-1 and intrinsic clearance to be 1.16 ml.min-1.g-1; these parameters were compared with those of a previous study with unlabelled gitoxin. Distribution and elimination half-lives of the liposoluble compounds in the emulsion were estimated to be 0.48 and 4.62 hours, Vd to be 47 ml.g-1 and intrinsic clearance to be 1.07 ml.min-1.g-1; these data were compared with those of the liposoluble compounds in the water phase. Distribution and elimination half-lives of unchanged gitoxin in the emulsion were estimated to be 0.22 and 0.70 hour, Vd to be 59 ml.g-1 and intrinsic clearance to be 11.4 ml.min-1.g-1; these data were compared with those of the liposoluble compounds in the emulsion. The subcellular distribution of gitoxin and its metabolites in the liver indicated that 79% of the radioactivity was found in the soluble fraction, no significant binding occurring in the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. AUPellegrin PL; Lesne M EM8601 SOEur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet (France), Apr-Jun 1985, 10(2) p113-20 MJDigoxin; Liver MNBile /PH; Fluorocarbons; Kinetics; Liver /UL; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Tritium /DU MTAnimal; In Vitro RN519-98-2 (noramidopyrine); 58-15-1 (Aminopyrine); 68-89-3 (Dipyrone) IS0378-7966 LAEnglish JCENE SBM UI86004824 TIPharmacokinetics of dipyrone in man; role of the administration route. ABPharmacokinetics of dipyrone, an aminopyrine derivative and potent analgesic, were studied in human following cross-over oral (p.o.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration of single one g doses to 6 subjects. High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods were used to follow the drug and its active metabolite, 4-monomethylaminoantipyrine (MAA) in plasma and urine of subjects. Following p.o. doses, no unchanged dipyrone was detectable in plasma and urine. MAA appeared in plasma no later than 0.5 h after oral doses and reached its maximum concentration (7.52-22.69 micrograms/ml) in 1-2 h. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of MAA indicated a two and a one-compartment open model after i.v. and p.o. administration, respectively. Elimination half-life of MAA was found to be independent of the route of administration and ranged from 1.60 to 3.67 h. Although no significant difference was noticed between the area under plasma MAA concentration-time curves, 2.2-7.5 folds higher MAA was found unchanged in urine following i.v. administration (34.41-158.38 mg) as compared to the oral route (9.56-43.92 mg). It is suggested that after oral administration, dipyrone is rapidly and to a great extent converted to MAA during the first pass through the gut and/or liver before reaching the systemic circulations. Following i.v. administration, on the other hand, a relatively slower process of dipyrone conversion may allow a significant renal excretion of dipyrone which, in turn, is converted to MAA in the kidney and/or urine thereby giving rise to a significantly higher MAA in urine. AUAsmardi G; Jamali F EM8601 SOEur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet (France), Apr-Jun 1985, 10(2) p121-5 MJAminopyrine; Dipyrone /ME MNAdministration, Oral; Adult; Dipyrone /AA /AD; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney /ME; Kinetics; Metabolic Clearance Rate MTHuman; Male RN396-01-0 (Triamterene); 54-31-9 (Furosemide) IS0378-7966 LAEnglish JCENE SBM UI86004825 TIBioavailability and elimination kinetics of the combination furosemide-retard/triamterene. ABIn a pharmacokinetic study on 18 healthy male volunteers the bioavailability and elimination kinetics of furosemide-retard and the combination furosemide-retard/triamterene were investigated and compared with the non-retarded form and another retard form of furosemide. The relative bioavailability of the non-retarded form of furosemide was distinctly reduced by the retardation in the substances investigated. It varied between 42-66% in the plasma and between 37-73% in the urine. In the combination with triamterene the serum concentration time curve of furosemide was only slightly modified but the renal excretion of furosemide was more influenced (36% for furosemide-retard and 25% for furosemide-retard/triamterene). In comparison, the values for the renal excretion of triamterene and OH-TA sulfate were distinctly greater than those obtained after administration of triamterene alone. A renewed increase of the plasma concentration and renal excretion of furosemide were observed between 9 and 10.5 h after administration of furosemide-retard/triamterene. This observation suggests that a further absorption of furosemide occurs as a consequence of the delayed release from distal parts of the small intestine or from the large intestine. AUSchuster O; Loew D; Knoell HE EM8601 SOEur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet (France), Apr-Jun 1985, 10(2) p127-32 MJFurosemide /ME; Triamterene /ME MNAbsorption; Adult; Biological Availability; Drug Combinations; Furosemide /AD; Kinetics; Middle Age; Triamterene /AD MTComparative Study; Human; Male RN54-32-0 (Thymoxamine) IS0378-7966 LAEnglish JCENE SBM UI86004827 TIMetabolism of thymoxamine. III. Structure elucidation of the metabolites and interspecies comparison. ABThe structures of six metabolites were elucidated using rat urine after intragastric administration of 14C-thymoxamine by means of enzyme incubations, mass spectrometry and synthesis of metabolites: desacetylthymoxamine, N-demethyl-desacetylthymoxamine, the corresponding sulfates and glucuronides. The nature of the conjugates was confirmed by biosynthesis, i.e., co-administration of unlabelled thymoxamine and 35S-sulfate or 14C-glucose. The system high performance liquid chromatography-radioactivity detection was used for interspecies comparison. All biotransformation pathways are seen in rat and man. In dog and cat demethylation is a very minor reaction. Glucuronidation is not observed in the cat. AUVollmer KO; von Hodenberg A EM8601 SOEur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet (France), Apr-Jun 1985, 10(2) p139-45 MJThymoxamine MNBiotransformation; Cats; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dealkylation; Dogs; Glucuronates /ME; Rats; Species Specificity; Sulfuric Acids /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male RN64241-34-5 (cadralazine) IS0378-7966 LAEnglish JCENE SBM UI86004828 TIDisposition and pharmacokinetics of cadralazine and individual metabolites in man. ABThe absorption, biotransformation and elimination of the antihypertensive drug cadralazine, 2-(3-[6-(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylamino]pyridazinyl)-ethylcarbazate , have been studied in two healthy male volunteers, following single 20 mg oral doses of the 14C-labelled preparation. Absorption was rapid and complete. In plasma total 14C-compounds reached maximum levels of 395 and 312 ng/g after 0.5 and 1.5 h in subject A and B, respectively. The levels rapidly declined to 3 and 6 ng/g after 24 h. Unchanged cadralazine constituted the major fraction, 72%, of the integrated plasma concentration (AUC, 0-24 h) of total radioactivity. As determined by an isotope dilution technique, about 1% of the AUC of plasma-14C was attributable to a pharmacologically active hydrazino-metabolite (IV) formed by decarbethoxylation and 2% to the acetylation product of the latter (V). Excretion of the radioactivity occured predominantly by the kidneys, 91 and 94% within 0-24 h in subject A and B. After 96 h 94 and 99% of the dose were found in the excreta. In the 0-48 h urine 73% of total 14C consisted of unchanged drug. The hydrazino-metabolite (IV) accounted for about 2% of urinary radioactivity, and two secondary products of the same pathway (II, V) for another 2%. Products of N-dealkylation (VI, VII) and C-oxidation (VIII) constituted together another 5%. AUSchutz H ; Faigle JW; Kung W ; Theobald W EM8601 SOEur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet (France), Apr-Jun 1985, 10(2) p147-53 MJPyridazines; Vasodilator Agents MNCarbon Radioisotopes /DU; Half-Life; Kinetics; Middle Age MTHuman; Male RN51481-61-9 (Cimetidine); 58-55-9 (Theophylline); 76824-35-6 (famotidine) IS0378-7966 LAEnglish JCENE SBM UI86004829 TICimetidine versus famotidine: the effect on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in rats. ABThe effects of cimetidine and a new, potent H2-antagonist, famotidine, on the single dose pharmacokinetics of theophylline were examined in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 rats/group) received an i.v. dose of theophylline (6 mg/kg) alone and in conjunction with an i.v. dose of famotidine (10 mg/kg) or cimetidine (10 mg/kg). Venous blood samples were collected serially for seven hours after theophylline infusion and analyzed for theophylline concentration by HPLC. Concomitant famotidine administration did not alter any of the pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline (AUC0- infinity; 38.1 +/- 8.7 vs. 38.8 +/- 6.3 micrograms.hr.ml-1), while cimetidine demonstrated a significant reduction in theophylline systemic clearance (0.11 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.16 +/- 0.02 L/hr/kg; p less than 0.001), a 40% prolongation of half-life (2.8 +/- 0.9 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.5 hr), with no change in the volume of distribution (0.39 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.41 +/- 0.13 L/kg). These results suggest that in contrast to cimetidine, famotidine, a non-imidazole H2-receptor antagonist, does not interfere with theophylline disposition in the rat. AUMojaverian P; Rocci ML Jr; Saccar CL; Vlasses PH; Ferguson RK EM8601 SOEur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet (France), Apr-Jun 1985, 10(2) p155-9 MJCimetidine; Histamine H2 Receptor Blockaders; Theophylline; Thiazoles MNDrug Interactions; Kinetics; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN76145-76-1 (tomoxiprole) IS0378-7966 LAEnglish JCENE SBM UI86004830 TIPharmacokinetics and metabolism of tomoxiprole, a new analgesic antiinflammatory agent, in the rat. ABThe pharmacokinetics and the metabolic profile of tomoxiprole, a new analgesic antiinflammatory agent belonging to the class of 3-alkyl-2-aryl-3H-naphth (1,2-d)imidazoles, were studied in the rat. After oral administration (5 mg/kg) to male rats, tomoxiprole was rapidly absorbed, mostly by the gut, and reached maximum plasma levels of about 0.5 microgram/ml in 0.25-2 h. A metabolic first pass reduced the extent of oral bioavailability of the parent compound to about half, while absorption (total 14C data) was estimated to be complete. After intravenous injection (2.5 mg/kg), the plasma kinetics of tomoxiprole in male rats showed a bi-exponential profile, and the terminal elimination half-life was 4.2 h. The apparent volume of distribution was high, suggesting a wide distribution of the drug. Increasing the oral dose by ten times (50 mg/kg), resulted in linear kinetics with a proportional increase of the C max and AUC values and the same value of terminal elimination half-life. In females given a 5 mg/kg dose, the plasma levels of 14C, tomoxiprole and AUC values were somewhat higher than in males. The plasma levels of total 14C after iv or po treatments were higher and more sustained than those of tomoxiprole. The kinetic profile after iv administration was described by a three exponential terms equation and the terminal elimination half-life was 38.7 h. Upon iv administration, total 14C was rapidly distributed in highly vascularized tissues while in others, like the bone, fat, gonads, pancreas and skin the equilibrium with the central compartment was attained later. Target organs were the adrenals, liver, lungs, pancreas, thyroid, stomach and above all the fat tissue. Elimination from tissues was almost complete 48 h after the treatment. 14C was eliminated mainly in the feces (80% of dose) as metabolites. In the bile, five polar metabolites were detected; one of them, desmethyl tomoxiprole glucuronide, accounting alone for more than 80% of the total biliary radioactivity; was purified and its structure assigned. AUAssandri A; Bernareggi A; Ripamonti A; Perazzi A; Toja E EM8601 SOEur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet (France), Apr-Jun 1985, 10(2) p161-70 MJAnalgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Imidazoles MNCarbon Radioisotopes /DU; Intestinal Absorption; Kinetics; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Female; Male RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 55028-70-1 (Arbaprostil) IS0378-7966 LAEnglish JCENE SBM UI86004831 TIAbsorption, tissue distribution, and excretion of 3H-labeled arbaprostil in the male rat. ABA single dose of arbaprostil-11 beta-3H (4 micrograms/kg) was administered orally to male rats. A maximum plasma radioactivity concentration equivalent to 2.5 to 2.8 nanograms of the prostaglandin per ml was reached at 30 minutes and was maintained until 120 minutes after drug administration. The plasma drug disappearance half-life was 2.6 hours. These results along with data from tissue distribution studies suggested a rapid uptake of radiolabeled arbaprostil by the glandular stomach tissue followed by an apparent zero-order release of drug-related radioactivity from this tissue ╥reservoir╙ into the plasma. Drug-related radioactivity was excreted rapidly, with 96 to 99% of the urinary excretion and 82 to 97% of the fecal excretion being completed within 24 hours. A total of 49.6 +/- 3.5% of the orally administered dose was excreted in the urine and 46.7 +/- 3.9% in the feces. No radioactive residues were detected in the animals at the end of the 120 hour specimen collection period. The metabolic stability of the 11 beta-tritium label and the suitability of arbaprostil-3H for use in human studies was demonstrated. AUSinha AJ; Shaw SR; Thornburgh BA EM8601 SOEur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet (France), Apr-Jun 1985, 10(2) p171-7 MJArbaprostil; Prostaglandins E, Synthetic MNAbsorption; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tissue Distribution; Tritium /DU MTAnimal; Male RN1617-90-9 (Vincamine); 27773-65-5 (apovincaminic acid); 42971-12-0 (ethyl apovincaminate); 78101-34-5 (MR 711) IS0378-7966 LAEnglish JCENE SBM UI86004832 TIPharmacokinetics and metabolism of vincamine and related compounds. ABThe pharmacokinetics and metabolism of vincamine, vinpocetine, methylene-methoxy-apovincaminic acid ester and eburnamine have been reviewed. The main route of elimination for vincamine, vinpocetine and methylene-methoxy-apovincaminic acid ester is ester cleavage and conjugation in the case of eburnamine. Vincamine and its derivatives show significant differences in metabolic pathway and their elimination is rapid in the species studied. Emphasis has been placed on the analytical methods used for monitoring these drugs in biological systems. AUVereczkey L EM8601 SOEur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet (France), Apr-Jun 1985, 10(2) p89-103 MJVinca Alkaloids; Vincamine /ME MNBody Fluids /AN; Kinetics; Vincamine /AN MCReview MTAnimal; Human IS0175-758X LAEnglish JCENI SBM UI86004833 TIProgressive dementia with motor neuron disease. An additional case report and neuropathological review of 20 cases in Japan. ABA 68-year-old male had the characteristic clinical features of progressive dementia accompanied by motor neuron disease. The duration of his illness was 26 months. The chief findings from light microscopic studies were: diffue neuronal degeneration characterized by a simple atrophy and a mild disappearance of nerve cells throughout the CNS. Status spongiosus was observed in the basal ganglia. There were lesions similar to those of a motor neuron disease in the brain stem and spinal cord. Although there were no clinical symptoms of an extrapyramidal disease, severe involvement was seen in the substantia nigra. This patient belongs to the same group of cases of presenile dementia with motor neuron disease described by the author. A neuropathological review of 20 similar cases reported in Japan is discussed and the possibility of a new disease entity for these cases is suggested. AUMitsuyama Y; Kogoh H; Ata K EM8601 SOEur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci (Germany, West), 1985, 235(1) p1-8 MJDementia, Presenile; Motor Neurons; Neuromuscular Diseases MNAged; Anterior Horn Cells /PA; Atrophy; Basal Ganglia /PA; Brain Stem /PA; Cerebral Ventricles /PA; Frontal Lobe /PA; Muscular Atrophy /PA; Nerve Degeneration; Spinal Cord /PA; Substantia Nigra /PA; Temporal Lobe /PA; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0175-758X LAEnglish JCENI SBM UI86004834 TIChildhood experiences of endogenous and neurotic depressives. ABThe parent-child relationship, the relationship between the parents, and the contact of the child with the outside world was investigated on the basis of retrospective interview data concerning the childhood of endogenous and neurotic depressives and a nonclinical control group. A number of significant links between childhood experiences and the various forms of depression emerges. AUMatussek P; Molitor GA; Seibt G EM8601 SOEur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci (Germany, West), 1985, 235(1) p12-20 MJChild Development; Depressive Disorder /PX MNAged; Bipolar Disorder /PX; Depressive Disorder /DI; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Age; Parent-Child Relations; Personality Development; Psychosocial Deprivation; Social Environment MTFemale; Human; Male IS0175-758X LAEnglish JCENI SBM UI86004835 TINon-convulsive status epilepticus after abrupt withdrawal of hypnotic-sedative drugs. ABFour patients with severe addiction to sedative-hypnotics and with acute withdrawal symptoms of these drugs are described. They developed latent confusional states with characteristic EEG patterns (bilateral slow and sharp waves of high amplitude). Following small doses of benzodiazepines the EEG became normal together with a reduction in the clinical symptoms. It is suggested that the confusional states were of an epileptic nature. AUEmre M; Walser H; Baumgartner G EM8601 SOEur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci (Germany, West), 1985, 235(1) p21-5 MJHypnotics and Sedatives; Status Epilepticus; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome MNAdult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium /ET; Alcoholism /CO; Analgesics, Addictive /AE; Barbiturates /AE; Benzodiazepine Tranquilizers /AE; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials /DE; Middle Age; Suicide, Attempted MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0175-758X LAEnglish JCENI SBM UI86004836 TIDoes outpatient treatment reduce hospital stay in schizophrenics? ABThe implementation of community mental health care for psychiatric patients in Mannheim, an industrial city of approximately 300,000 inhabitants, poses questions concerning the impact of outpatient treatment on the probability of rehospitalization. For this purpose the use of extramural facilities by a group of 148 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia was studied over a period of 18 months. Based on a model of utilization that allows for the removal of confounding effects the statistical analysis reveals that outpatient contacts with psychiatrists in practice or with an outpatient clinic indeed reduces time in hospital and also improves the psychopathological status of the patients. AUan der Heiden W; Krumm B EM8601 SOEur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci (Germany, West), 1985, 235(1) p26-31 MJCommunity Mental Health Services; Hospitalization; Length of Stay; Schizophrenia MNAmbulatory Care; Chronic Disease; Prognosis; Schizophrenic Psychology; Social Environment MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN24305-27-9 (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone); 50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin); 9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) IS0175-758X LAEnglish JCENI SBM UI86004837 TIDexamethasone suppression and multiple hormonal responses (TSH, prolactin and growth hormone) to TRH in some psychiatric disorders. ABBaseline and TRH-induced changes of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) were measured in 15 healthy control subjects and 63 psychiatric inpatients with DSM-III diagnoses of major depression (n = 19), schizophrenic disorder (n = 20), alcohol dependence (n = 10), and adjustment disorder (n = 14); baseline and postdexamethasone cortisol (CS) were also determined 3-6 days after the TRH-challenge. All patients and controls were women of similar mean age, weight, height, and they were free from interfering illness or drugs. Baseline TSH and PRL were lower in depression, TRH-induced TSH and PRL responses were lower in the whole patient group, but most markedly in depression and alcohol dependence. Postdexamethasone CS was significantly higher in depression, schizophrenia and alcohol dependence. Basal GH did not differentiate the subgroups; TRH-induced pathological GH responses were sometimes found in the patient groups. The differences were most marked quantitatively in major depression: a multivariate analysis of variance showed that delta TSH, postdexamethasone CS and delta PRL were the most important variables in separating patients from controls. A discriminant function derived from these variables classified all controls and 18 of 19 depressed patients correctly; however, 25 of the 44 other patients were also classified with depression. It was confirmed that psychiatric patients show significantly more endocrine disturbances than controls, and this was seen not only in major depression but also in at least three other conditions. Further work is needed to identify other neuroendocrine patterns more specific to depressive disorder. AUBanki CM; Vojnik M; Arato M; Papp Z; Kovacs Z EM8601 SOEur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci (Germany, West), 1985, 235(1) p32-7 MJDexamethasone; Hydrocortisone; Mental Disorders; Prolactin; Somatotropin; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone; Thyrotropin MNAdjustment Disorders /BL; Adult; Aged; Alcoholism /BL; Depressive Disorder /BL; Middle Age; Schizophrenia /BL MTFemale; Human RN9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0175-758X LAEnglish JCENI SBM UI86004838 TINeuropsychological and neuroendocrinological disturbances associated with extracerebral cysts of the anterior and middle cranial fossa. ABIn ten adult patients various clinical signs and symptoms led to the diagnosis of an arachnoid cyst in the anterior and middle cranial fossa. In this study a functional relationship between these cysts and disturbances of higher cognitive processes is described. In addition, neuroendocrinological impairment were caused by arachnoid cysts reaching into the suprasellar cistern. Considering the short medical history of our patients we presumed the disturbances not to be primary, but rather secondary, caused by an expansion of the cysts' volume. AULang W; Lang M; Kornhuber A; Gallwitz A; Kriebel J EM8601 SOEur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci (Germany, West), 1985, 235(1) p38-41 MJArachnoid; Cysts /DI; Hypothalamic Hormones; Neuropsychological Tests; Pituitary Hormones MNAdult; Cysts /BL /PX; Electroencephalography; Prolactin /BL; Subarachnoid Space; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTHuman; Male IS0175-758X LAEnglish JCENI SBM UI86004839 TIAMP-rated psychopathology in chronic alcoholics. ABIn a group of 39 alcoholics within a withdrawal process, the psychical situation was rated using AMP scales (Angst et al. 1969). Cluster analysis of the items rendered the following five-cluster solution: (1) ╥aggressive-depressive╙ patients, (2) ╥less impaired╙ persons, (3) ╥slowed persons with diminished contact╙, (4) ╥emotionally inadequate╙ persons, (5) ╥appealing depressive╙ persons. These results are discussed with respect to other data from clinical history and diagnostic findings. AUSpehr W; Andresen B; Stemmler G EM8601 SOEur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci (Germany, West), 1985, 235(1) p42-4 MJAlcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychoses, Alcoholic MNAggression /PX; Depressive Disorder /PX; Organic Mental Disorders, Substance-Induced /PX; Psychometrics MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0175-758X LAEnglish JCENI SBM UI86004840 TIMultidimensional study of the outcome of schizophrenic patients 1 year after clinic discharge. Predictors and influence of neuroleptic treatment. ABSeveral dimensions of the outcome of 86 schizophrenic patients were recorded 1 year after discharge from inpatient index-treatment to complete a prospective study concerning the course of illness (rehospitalization, symptoms, employment and social contacts). When compared with 75 psychiatric patients of other diagnostic groups, no differences were found other than a significantly longer average rehospitalization stay for the schizophrenic patients. Taking prognostic categories and the regularity of neuroleptic therapy conducted during follow-up into account, it was established that the social outcome status of schizophrenic patients is substantially determined by the original level at the time of index-treatment. In contrast, the rate of relapse and readmission depend significantly upon the continuity of neuroleptic treatment. More complex analyses show that particularly for patients already hospitalized several times, successful relapse prophylactic treatment also has a favorable influence upon the patients' symptoms in the sense of a more stable remission. This could be related to the finding that the more chronic patients apparently exhibit a delayed remission when they undergo a relapse. The findings are interpreted to the effect that continuous neuroleptic maintenance therapy is advantageous to the majority of the patients, and should be applied, in view of the fact that alternative therapy procedures such as neuroleptic interval strategies have not yet been sufficiently evaluated. AUGaebel W; Pietzcker A EM8601 SOEur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci (Germany, West), 1985, 235(1) p45-52 MJSchizophrenia; Tranquilizing Agents, Major MNAdolescence; Adult; Hospitalization; Long Term Care; Middle Age; Prognosis; Recurrence; Schizophrenic Psychology; Social Adjustment MTHuman IS0175-758X LAEnglish JCENI SBM UI86004841 TIPhantom phenomena (phantom arm) following cervical root avulsion. Effect of dorsal root entry zone thermocoagulation. ABWe report on nine male patients with cervical root avulsions and brachial plexus injuries following traffic accidents. These non-amputees (mean age 33.7 years) had a phantom arm beside the paralysed arm. Cervical root avulsions were demonstrated either by myelography or surgically. Mostly the roots C5-Th1 were affected. Eight of the nine patients had Horner's syndrome on the side of the root avulsion. The phantom arm appeared immediately after the accident, except in one patient who was symptom-free for 2 weeks. In two cases the phantom arm disappeared spontaneously. Four patients underwent a DREZ lesion. After surgery the phantom arm disappeared, and three of the patients became painfree, while one patient experienced pain relief of 20% to 50%. Reviewing the literature it is assumed that phantom limb following injury to the brachial plexus indicates cervical root avulsion. In such cases Horner's syndrome is a good indication for lower cervical root avulsion (C8-Th2). AUMalin JP; Winkelmuller W EM8601 SOEur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci (Germany, West), 1985, 235(1) p53-6 MJArm Injuries; Brachial Plexus; Electrocoagulation; Ganglia, Spinal; Phantom Limb; Spinal Nerve Roots MNAccidents, Traffic; Adolescence; Adult; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Age MTHuman; Male RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0175-758X LAEnglish JCENI SBM UI86004842 TIPreliminary findings on calmodulin-stimulated Ca2+-ATPase of erythrocyte ghosts in psychotic patients. ABKinetic properties of the calmodulin-stimulated erythrocyte ghost Ca2+-ATPase seem to be altered in some sub-groups of affective and schizophrenic psychoses. The sub-group of affective disorders concerned mostly unipolar manic and bipolar psychoses with predominantly manic episodes. In the corresponding cases from schizophrenics hyper- and parakinetic basic syndromes were predominantly diagnosed. An evaluation of our preliminary results was undertaken in connection with our biochemical hypothesis on possible alterations in the regulation of Ca2+ concentrations and Ca2+-calmodulin-mediated processes under certain psychotic conditions. AUKluge H; Kuhne GE EM8601 SOEur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci (Germany, West), 1985, 235(1) p57-9 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium; Calmodulin; Erythrocyte Membrane; Psychotic Disorders MNBipolar Disorder /EN; Calcium /BL; Depressive Disorder /EN; Kinetics; Manic Disorder /EN; Schizophrenia /EN MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN25614-03-3 (Bromocriptine); 322-35-0 (Benserazide); 5786-21-0 (Clozapine); 67121-76-0 (fluperlapine); 6912-86-3 (Tryptophan) IS0175-758X LAEnglish JCENI SBM UI86004843 TITreatment of drug-induced exogenous psychosis in parkinsonism with clozapine and fluperlapine. ABA total of 13 patients with drug-induced psychosis in Parkinson's disease were treated with two non-classical neuroleptics-clozapine and fluperlapine. Patients mainly complained about severe hallucinatory symptoms and different degrees of paranoid delusions. Complete relief was observed in 8 patients, moderate improvement in 3 and no effects in 2. Parkinsonian disability did not increase under neuroleptic medication with clozapine and fluperlapine, but could be ameliorated by additional L-dopa or bromocriptine medication. The non-classical neuroleptics employed are dopamine D2 blocking agents with a preferential binding to mesolimbic, mesocortical and hippocampal D2 receptors and no substantial binding to striatal dopamine receptors. Restricted use of these two neuroleptics is necessitated because of the danger of agranulocytosis. AUScholz E; Dichgans J EM8601 SOEur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci (Germany, West), 1985, 235(1) p60-4 MJBenserazide; Bromocriptine; Clozapine; Dibenzazepines; Hydrazines; Levodopa; Parkinson Disease; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Tranquilizing Agents, Major MNAged; Delusions /CI; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hallucinations /CI; Middle Age; Tryptophan /TU MTComparative Study; Human; Male RN9007-36-7 (Complement); 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) IS0175-758X LAEnglish JCENI SBM UI86004844 TIImmunoglobulins, autoantibodies and other serum protein fractions in psychiatric disorders. ABThe levels of IgM, IgG and IgA were measured in the serum of 337 psychiatric inpatients (92 patients with bipolar depression, 150 patients with unipolar depression and 95 schizophrenics) and compared to 150 healthy subjects. A significantly higher level of IgM was found in all psychiatric groups compared with the controls, and IgM levels were more elevated in female patients than in male patients for the bipolar and unipolar groups. There were no differences for the other immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA) among the groups studied. In 51 of the patients (17 bipolar, 34 unipolar), other measurements were performed (C-reactive protein, antinuclear antibodies, lymphocyte antibodies, thyroid antibodies, complement and the third and fourth factors of complement). The unipolar group showed a significant rise of C-reactive protein values and the presence of antinuclear antibodies. Interestingly all patients with antinuclear antibodies were females. No difference was found between psychiatric patients and controls in lymphocyte antibodies, thyroid antibodies and values of complement. AULegros S; Mendlewicz J; Wybran J EM8601 SOEur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci (Germany, West), 1985, 235(1) p9-11 MJAutoantibodies; Bipolar Disorder; Blood Proteins; Depressive Disorder; Immunoglobulins; Schizophrenia MNAdult; Aged; Antinuclear Factors /AN; C-Reactive Protein /ME; Complement /ME; IgA /ME; IgG /ME; IgM /ME; Lymphocytes /IM; Middle Age; Thyroid Gland /IM MTFemale; Human; Male IS0014-312X LAEnglish JCENL SBM UI86004845 TIElectron microscopic assessment of bile regurgitation of humans in extrahepatic obstructive jaundice. ABThirty-seven patients were studied on the anatomic routes of bile regurgitation into the blood stream by electron microscopy. The aim was to identify the relationship between the clinical results and pathway of bile regurgitation. These patients were classified into 3 groups; recovered, delayed, and fatal. Transcellular, paracellular, direct communication, necrotic hepatocyte and ruptured ductule pathway were found. In the recovered group, the transcellular pathway was most frequent with an incidence of 54.17%, and a direct communication pathway was found to be 54.55% in the fatal group with a significant difference between that of the recovered and delayed group. Long-duration bile duct obstruction creates bile regurgitation by way of direct communication between the canaliculi and Disse's space, and usually with a poor prognosis, since the serum bilirubin reached the high level of 22.65 mg%. Therefore, it is better to relieve the intrabiliary pressure as early as possible to prevent the jaundice from producing the irreversible change of hepatic canaliculi and Disse's space. AUKer CG; Huang J; Sheen PC EM8601 SOEur Surg Res (Switzerland), 1985, 17(4) p197-206 MJBile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic /PA; Bile Reflux /PA; Biliary Tract Diseases MNAdult; Bile Canaliculi /UL; Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic /CO /PP; Bile Reflux /CO /PP; Biliary Tract /PP; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Age; Neoplasms /CO; Pressure MTFemale; Human; Male RN51481-61-9 (Cimetidine) IS0014-312X LAEnglish JCENL SBM UI86004846 TILong-term treatment of peptic esophageal stenosis with dilatation and cimetidine: factors influencing clinical result. ABSurgical treatment of severe peptic esophageal strictures is a serious problem in high-risk cases. Conservative treatment has to be considered as an alternative. In a prospective study, 33 patients were treated with dilatation of the stricture and a long-term medication with 4 X 400 mg cimetidine from 1977 to 1982. 28 patients were followed up for 6 months--6 years. 16 patients showed a good result (clinical stages I and II). 5 patients needed no further dilatation, but had significant symptoms (stage III). 4 patients had to be operated on because of serious symptoms and rapid restenosis. The clinical result was significantly less favorable in patients who took cimetidine irregularly or discontinued it (p less than 0.001) than in patients with good compliance. In addition, the result of endoscopy was poorer in poor compliance and the frequency of bougienage was greater than when cimetidine was taken regularly. Age, sex or initial length and diameter of the stricture did not significantly influence the outcome. We conclude that conservative treatment of peptic esophageal strictures yields good long-term results in 85% of patients, provided that a high dose of cimetidine is taken on a life-long basis. AUStarlinger M; Appel WH; Schemper M; Schiessel R EM8601 SOEur Surg Res (Switzerland), 1985, 17(4) p207-14 MJCimetidine; Esophageal Stenosis /TH MNAdult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Combined Modality Therapy; Dilatation; Esophageal Stenosis /DT /SU; Middle Age; Time Factors MTHuman IS0014-312X LAEnglish JCENL SBM UI86004847 TIMonocyte function following surgery in man. Increased numbers and stimulation of migration, phagocytosis and chemiluminescence following abdominal surgery. ABThe whole blood monocyte count (WBMC), migratory response (MMR), phagocytosis (MPI), chemiluminescence (MCL) and serum opsonic activity (SOA) were measured in patients undergoing elective surgery. The WBMC, MMR, MPI and MCL increased significantly at 24 h after operation in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a moderate fall at 48 h and a return to normal values at 1 week; the SOA was little altered. In patients undergoing minor surgery the WBMC was also increased after surgery but the MMR was unchanged. The finding that certain monocyte functions are increased after surgery contrasts with studies showing that reticulo-endothelial clearance is depressed in the post-operative period. AUNeoptolemos JP; Wood P; Everson NW; Bell PR EM8601 SOEur Surg Res (Switzerland), 1985, 17(4) p215-20 MJAbdomen; Monocytes MNAdult; Aged; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Leukocyte Count; Luminescence; Middle Age; Opsonins /AN; Phagocytosis; Postoperative Period MTFemale; Human; Male RN77-92-9 (citric acid) IS0014-312X LAEnglish JCENL SBM UI86004848 TIPeroperative myocardial ischemia and citrate administration: cardiovascular adaptability in conscious dogs. ABSince the hemodynamic response elicited by the administration of citrate is sensitive to alterations in the baseline cardiovascular status, we have investigated the consequences of peroperative myocardial ischemia upon this hemodynamic response. 19 dogs equipped with an electromagnetic flow probe positioned around the ascending aorta served as control (group I). 16 dogs were equipped similarly and in addition submitted to 1 h of myocardial ischemia combined with topical cardiac hypothermia (group II). Hemodynamic studies were carried out 3 h postoperatively and then daily for 1 month, before and during rapid intravenous administration of citrate. From baseline hemodynamic data, cardiac failure was only evident 3 h postoperatively in group II. Transient hypotension and myocardial depression resulted from administration of citrate in both groups with no evidence of peripheral vasodilation. Hypotension and the negative inotropic response were more pronounced in the presence of cardiac failure following peroperative myocardial ischemia. Long-term studies indicate that global myocardial ischemia did not interfere with the cardiovascular adaptability to this pharmacologic interference. AUDumont L; Stanley P; Chartrand C EM8601 SOEur Surg Res (Switzerland), 1985, 17(4) p221-9 MJCitrates /AE; Coronary Disease; Hemodynamics MNAdaptation, Physiological; Anticoagulants /AE; Blood Preservation; Blood Transfusion /AE; Citrates /AD; Coronary Disease /TH; Dogs; Hypotension /CI; Injections, Intravenous; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.11.1.6 (Catalase); EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0014-312X LAEnglish JCENL SBM UI86004849 TIPrevention of edema formation in the perfused lung preparation by oxygen radical scavengers. ABOxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated as mediators of pulmonary microvascular injury. In the present study we addressed the question of the role of radicals formed in the lung parenchyma in development of pulmonary edema. Rat lungs were perfused with cell-free solutions with and without addition of colloid. Edema formation was measured as dry-wet weight ratios. Edema developed following 30 min perfusion with all perfusates except nonoxygenated Dextran-Tyrode. Addition of free radical scavengers, superoxide dismutase and catalase, reduced the edema formation with the various oxygenated perfusates. We conclude that in the isolated lung perfused with oxygenated solutions oxygen-derived radicals are formed that mediate increased permeability. AURisberg B; Smith L; Stenberg B EM8601 SOEur Surg Res (Switzerland), 1985, 17(4) p230-6 MJCatalase; Pulmonary Edema /PC; Superoxide Dismutase MNColloids; Free Radicals; Neutrophils /ME; Osmotic Pressure; Oxygen; Perfusion; Pulmonary Edema /ET; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male IS0014-312X LAEnglish JCENL SBM UI86004850 TIIncreased bleeding during liver resection after sympathetic block in normal rats. ABThe effect of sympathetic block on hemostasis after standardized liver resection was studied in the rat. Sympathetic block was undertaken by paravertebral block or surgical sympathectomy. Blood loss was significantly increased, but the bleeding time was not prolonged after paravertebral block. Surgical sympathectomy also increased blood loss as compared to controls, but there was no difference when compared with sham operation. Adenosine diphosphate and collagen induced platelet aggregation was not inhibited in all animals as compared to controls. The results indicate that primary hemostasis was not seriously affected, but that hepatic blood flow was augmented after sympathetic block. AUTanaka N; Zoucas E; Jeppsson B; Dahlgren N; Bengmark S EM8601 SOEur Surg Res (Switzerland), 1985, 17(4) p237-41 MJAutonomic Nerve Block; Hemorrhage; Liver MNAnesthesia, Epidural /AE; Hemostasis; Liver Circulation; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Count; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN14636-12-5 (glypressin); 50-57-7 (Lypressin) IS0014-312X LAEnglish JCENL SBM UI86004851 TICirculatory and renal effects of triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin and excision in experimental burns. ABThe circulatory and renal effects of a deep dermal burn, covering one third of the total body surface area were studied in 12 thiopentone/N2O anesthetized piglets. Central circulation and renal function was monitored during 24 h and regional blood flows were determined before burn, 5 and 24 h after burn using radioactively labeled microspheres. One group was treated conservatively with fluid infusion only (control group) and the other with fluids, intermittent injections of a long-acting hormonogen, triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin (TGLVP), and excision 5 h after burn. There was earlier circulatory recovery in the TGLVP excision group with significantly higher arterial blood pressure and cardiac output than in the controls. TGLVP induced a major redistribution of blood flows, favoring the liver at the expense of the gastrointestinal tract, carcass and skin, while the blood flows were unchanged to the brain, heart and kidneys. There were also increased excretions of sodium and potassium and a temporarily increased diuresis. The earlier circulatory stabilization and blood flow redistribution might have clinical implications in burn care. AUVernersson E; Aronsen KF; Aberg M EM8601 SOEur Surg Res (Switzerland), 1985, 17(4) p242-50 MJBlood Circulation; Burns; Kidney; Lypressin MNBlood Pressure /DE; Burns /PP /SU; Cardiac Output /DE; Diuresis /DE; Heart Rate /DE; Kidney /PP; Lypressin /PD; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Swine MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9005-25-8 (Starch) IS0014-312X LAEnglish JCENL SBM UI86004852 TIUse of dextran to prevent intraperitoneal adhesions caused by maize starch powder. ABExperimental studies in rats demonstrated that maize starch powder used as lubricant in surgical gloves induces intraperitoneal granulomatosis with formation of adhesions. The possible use of dextran 70 to minimize these adhesions was investigated. By grading the formation of adhesions, it was found that dextran given intraperitoneally reduced the extent of adhesions. AUReikeras O ; Nordstrand K EM8601 SOEur Surg Res (Switzerland), 1985, 17(4) p251-3 MJDextrans; Peritoneal Diseases /PC; Starch MNAdhesions /ET /PC; Gloves, Surgical; Lubrication; Peritoneal Diseases /ET; Powders /AE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RNEC 3.4.21.31 (Urokinase) IS0014-312X LAEnglish JCENL SBM UI86004853 TIUrokinase does not prevent abdominal adhesion formation in rats. ABDamage to the fibrinolytic system preventing the resolution of temporary fibrinous adhesions was repeatedly mentioned as an etiological factor in the process of adhesion formation. We experimentally induced abdominal adhesions in rats by gentle scraping of the entire small bowel. Severe adhesions, sometimes accompanied by intestinal obstruction, developed in all of the control animals. Urokinase, a commonly used and potent fibrinolytic agent and a known plasminogen activator, was administered intragastrically, intraperitoneally, or intravenously at various doses ranging from 5,000 to 100,000 U/kg. Urokinase had no effect on the prevention of abdominal adhesions, nor did it reduce the severity or frequency of adhesion formation. AURivkind AI; Lieberman N; Durst AL EM8601 SOEur Surg Res (Switzerland), 1985, 17(4) p254-8 MJAdhesions /PC; Urokinase /PD MNAbdomen; Adhesions /ET; Fibrinolysis /DE; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intravenous; Rats; Stomach; Urokinase /AD MTAnimal; Female RN7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0014-312X LAEnglish JCENL SBM UI86004854 TIAnimal model for the study of internal anal sphincter activity. ABThis paper describes a simple and reliable model for studying the internal anal sphincter (IAS) in the rat. The activity of the sphincter was recorded by a two-balloon system. The compliance of the balloon allowed measurements of pressure changes lower than 0.1 cm H2O. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the rat IAS were found to be in many aspects similar to those found in the human. The rectoanal reflex in the rat consists of relaxation followed by contraction. The threshold for this response is 0.4-0.6 ml of air. The response of the IAS to prolonged rectal distension showed adaptation in 50% of the animals. Intraarterial application of drugs produced rapid, dose-dependent and reproducible effects on the IAS. The results described in this work show that the rat is a useful and convenient model for studying anal function. It may be used to investigate both the physiology and pharmacology of the IAS activity. AUVinograd I; Hanani M; Hadary A; Merguerian P; Nissan S EM8601 SOEur Surg Res (Switzerland), 1985, 17(4) p259-63 MJAnus /PH MNAdaptation, Physiological; Anus /DE; Isoproterenol /PD; Models, Biological; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Relaxation /DE; Neuroregulators /PH; Pressure; Rats; Reflex /PH MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 0 (fibrin sealant system); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen); 9004-34-6 (Cellulose); 9007-34-5 (Collagen); 9013-56-3 (Factor XIII) IS0014-312X LAEnglish JCENL SBM UI86004855 TIBiomechanical properties and collagen formation in subcutaneously implanted cellulose sponges treated with fibrin sealant. ABCellulose sponges were cut into two pieces and fibrin sealant was applied to the opposing surfaces, which were held together with sutures. In each rat two sets of sponges, one with and one without fibrin sealant, were implanted subcutaneously for 10 days. The tensile strength and energy absorption of the granulation tissue bridging the incision of the sponges were not influenced by the fibrin sealant. The formation of collagen in fibrin-sealed sponges did not differ from that in ordinary sponges. The results indicated that fibrin sealant does not influence the collagen formation and the mechanical strength after 10 days of healing. At this time the tissue possesses pronounced mechanical strength. The initial strength of sealed sponges possessed considerable mechanical strength (maximum stress 25% and failure energy 12% compared to values achieved after 10 days of implantation). This indicates that the sealant gives mechanical strength in the first days of healing, where the granulation tissue itself only provides minimal strength. AUAndreassen TT; Jorgensen PH EM8601 SOEur Surg Res (Switzerland), 1985, 17(4) p264-8 MJCollagen; Factor XIII; Fibrinogen; Fibronectins; Thrombin; Wounds and Injuries /SU MNBiomechanics; Cellulose; Drug Combinations /TU; Granulation Tissue /PP; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries /PP MTAnimal; Male RN61-73-4 (Methylene Blue) IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004856 TIMethylene blue to stain the bladder mucosa and monitor the course of bladder tumors. ABIn 12 patients with bladder tumors and in 15 undergoing multiple biopsies of grossly normal bladder mucosa to monitor the course of their bladder cancer, attempted staining of the mucosa with methylene blue failed to show any correlation with tumor histology. While histologically normal mucosal areas picked up the stain well, nonstaining areas were found to be dysplastic in 22% of the cases and showed endophytic masses in 2 patients. In 48% of patients excessive staining prevented adequate evaluation so that repeated endoscopy was necessary to confirm the absence of tumorous tissue. For these reasons, staining of the bladder mucosa with methylene blue is unsuited for the diagnosis of endophytic bladder tumors. AUMaier U; Zechner O EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p217-9 MJBladder Neoplasms; Bladder; Methylene Blue MNBiopsy; Mucous Membrane /PA; Stains and Staining MTHuman RN23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin) IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004857 TIIntra-arterial chemotherapy of infiltrative bladder carcinoma. ABTwenty patients with untreated invasive high stage or high grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder have been treated by bilateral intra-arterial hypogastric injection of adriamycin. A total of 160 mg of adriamycin were injected during the procedure which was repeated once 3-4 weeks later. Eleven patients received two full courses of chemotherapy. In 4 patients, complete response with disappearance of all tumoral lesions was observed and in 1 patient, partial tumor regression was apparent. One patient died from pulmonary disease. Five patients received only a partial treatment because of technical difficulties, and selective catheterization was impossible in 4 because of severe arteriosclerotic lesions. No response was seen in those cases. Although this new therapeutic modality remains to be fully evaluated, preliminary results appear most encouraging since intra-arterial chemotherapy can be used safely and is effective in patients with invasive bladder carcinoma. AUSchulman CC; Wespes E; Delcour C; Struyven J EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p220-3 MJBladder Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Doxorubicin /TU MNAged; Bladder Neoplasms /RA; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell /RA; Doxorubicin /AD; Infusions, Intra-Arterial; Middle Age; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004858 TIThe value of cytology for the follow-up of prostatic cancer after hormone and irradiation therapy. ABIn a prospective study 162 patients with localized or metastasizing carcinoma of the prostate were followed by fine-needle biopsies for cytological control of the therapy. 74 patients were treated by external beam irradiation (6,000-7,000 cGy rotation technique), 88 patients by hormone therapy. Cytologic regression grading was correlated with the clinical course during 3-6 years. The study shows a good correlation between the cytologic regression grade 1 year after irradiation and the clinical course. A poor regression grade (still visible tumor cells) 1 year after irradiation was followed by rapid tumor progression in more than 70%. In these cases early introduction of additional therapy should be considered. After hormone therapy the correlation of the cytologic regression grade with the clinical course is lower. Marked cytologic regression was associated with rapid tumor progression in about 60%, while poor regression grading was followed in about 50% by a satisfactory course. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy and grading of cytological regression is useful for follow-up of prostatic cancer after irradiation therapy. After hormone treatment, the grade of cytological regression does not reflect the prognosis of the disease sufficiently, thus other clinical, enzymatic and scintigraphic parameters have to be examined especially in cases with primary evidence of a metastasizing cancer of the prostate. AUBandhauer K; Spieler P EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p224-7 MJCarcinoma /TH; Estrogens; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms /TH; Radiotherapy, High Energy MNBiopsy; Carcinoma /PA; Follow-Up Studies; Neoplasm Metastasis; Orchiectomy; Prospective Studies; Prostatic Neoplasms /PA; Radiotherapy Dosage; Time Factors MTHuman; Male IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004859 TIAnatomical study of total cystoprostatectomy. ABThe authors describe an anatomical study of total cystoprostatectomy. They show that Denonvilliers' fascia is made up of many membranous layers starting at the bladder. They recall the fact that the preprostatic veins are attached at the bottom, not only to the venae dorsales penis, but also to the venae pudendae internae which runs under the levator ani muscle. These preprostatic veins lie inside a vessel-bearing blade of tissue made of muscular and collagenous tissue derived from the anterior vesical wall. This anatomical study recalls the fact that the interprostatorectal dissection line is behind Denonvilliers' fascia and that the preprostatic vein dissection line is on the anterior aspect of the membranous urethra. AUBenoit G; Boccon-Gibod L; Steg A EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p228-32 MJBladder; Prostate MNBladder /SU; Fascia /AH; Prostatectomy; Prostate /BS; Rectum /AH MTHuman; Male IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004860 TIActive specific immunotherapy with supportive measures in the treatment of palliatively nephrectomized, renal adenocarcinoma patients. A thirteen-year follow-up study. ABThe results of a 13-year (1971-1984) follow-up of specific active immunotherapy using polymerized autologous tumor tissue with adjuvants and supportive measures, following palliative nephrectomy in 71 patients suffering from advanced renal adenocarcinoma, are presented. The control patient group comprised 56 patients who received the best possible conservative treatment available. The statistically calculated life expectancy in the immunotherapy group is 44.5 months (SE 5.7) and in the control group 19.0 months (SE 3.3). The difference is statistically highly significant (generalized Wilcoxon [Breslow], t = 14.9, p less than 0.0001). There were no serious side effects from the immunization. The supportive measures entailing the administration of factors involved in cell regulatory functions mediated by the central nervous system, amino acids, trace elements, hormones and vitamins has still to be optimized. AUTallberg T; Tykka H ; Mahlberg K; Halttunen P; Lehtonen T; Kalima T; Sarna S EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p233-43 MJCarcinoma, Renal Cell /TH; Immunotherapy; Kidney Neoplasms /TH; Palliative Treatment; Vaccination MNAdjuvants, Immunologic /TU; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Renal Cell /MO /SU; Follow-Up Studies; Kidney Neoplasms /MO /SU; Life Expectancy; Middle Age; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nephrectomy; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004861 TINatural history of renal artery aneurysm elucidated by repeated angiography and pathoanatomical studies. ABThe findings from repeated angiographies in 16 female and 5 male patients with altogether 34 renal artery aneurysms were studied. The mean interval between the first and last angiography was 35 months. Seven patients had multiple aneurysms. Two to four angiographies were performed in each patient. They showed no change in 28 aneurysms and slight or minimal enlargement, thrombosis or calcification in the other 6. The clinical course was uneventful except for severe hypertension in 3 patients. No rupture occurred. Eight patients, of whom 5 had solitary, saccular aneurysms, were operated upon. Pathoanatomically, fibromuscular dysplasia or secondarily changed fibromuscular dysplasia was found in 7 of them. Four died of unrelated disease having been followed up for 55-204 months (mean 102 months). Nine were alive and symptomless at the end of follow-up 11-195 months (mean 97 months) after the first angiography. The study supports the view that the risk of rupture of a renal artery aneurysm is very small, and indicates that fibromuscular dysplasia is common even when the angiography shows solitary, saccular aneurysm only. AUHenriksson C; Bjorkerud S ; Nilson AE; Pettersson S EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p244-8 MJAneurysm /RA; Renal Artery /RA MNAdult; Aged; Aneurysm /PA; Angiography; Fibromuscular Dysplasia /PA; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Age; Renal Artery /PA; Risk; Rupture, Spontaneous; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004862 TIRupture of renal artery aneurysm. ABRupture of a renal artery aneurysm, although rare, has been considered to be the most catastrophic urological injury. Three cases of ruptured and 1 case of impending rupture are reported. A review of the cases of ruptured renal artery aneurysm is presented together with emphasis on improved prognosis of this morbidity. Surgical indications are discussed. AUHidai H; Kinoshita Y; Murayama T; Miyai K; Matsumoto A; Ide K; Sato S EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p249-53 MJAneurysm /SU; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Renal Artery MNAdult; Aneurysm /MO; Middle Age; Pregnancy; Prognosis; Rupture, Spontaneous MTCase Report; Female; Human RN5633-20-5 (oxybutynin) IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004863 TIOxybutinin and the prevention of urinary incontinence in spina bifida. ABA controlled study was performed to determine the effect of oxybutinin on incontinence in spina bifida patients on clean, intermittent self catheterisation. Cure or significant improvement was achieved in 66.6% of the patients. Bladder capacity was increased and filling pressure reduced during treatment. AUHehir M; Fitzpatrick JM EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p254-6 MJMandelic Acids; Parasympatholytics; Spina Bifida; Urinary Incontinence /PC MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Urinary Catheterization; Urinary Incontinence /ET MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004864 TIPreoperative evaluation of prostatic size by urethral pressure profilometry. ABA prospective study was conducted on 41 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. All patients underwent preoperative gas urethral pressure profilometry. The results showed an accurate correlation between prostatic profile length and prostatic urethral length, as measured after enucleation. The same correlation is found between the above parameters and the weight of the enucleated adenoma. Our results support the value of urethral pressure profile as a useful procedure in the preoperative estimation of prostatic size. AUVardi Y; Ginesin Y; Levin DR EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p257-9 MJProstatic Hypertrophy MNAged; Middle Age; Organ Weight; Preoperative Care; Pressure; Prospective Studies; Prostate /PA; Prostatic Hypertrophy /PA /SU; Urethra /PH MTHuman; Male IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004865 TIRenal pelvis reconstruction with a free peritoneal patch. ABThe authors report on the use of a patch of peritoneum in the reconstruction of the renal pelvis. Four successful cases are reported. This leads to the use of such a technique in the reconstruction of the pelvis whenever repair by simple apposition of the margins is impossible. AULanza P; Falvo F; Spasari A; Lanza T EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p260-2 MJKidney Pelvis; Peritoneum MNAdult; Kidney Calculi /SU; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications /SU MTCase Report; Female; Human RNEC 2.3.1. (Acetyltransferases) IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004866 TIAssociation of N-acetyltransferase polymorphism and environmental factors with bladder carcinogenesis. Study in a north German population. ABThe N-acetyltransferase phenotype was determined in 105 German patients with bladder carcinoma and in a control group of 42 healthy subjects. The slow phenotype was significantly more frequent among the patients (61.9% compared to 42.9% in the control group). Potential risk factors like occupational exposure, smoking habits, drug abuse and urological anamnestic predispositions were evaluated in relation to staging and grading of the disease, and acetylator phenotype. AUHanssen HP; Agarwal DP; Goedde HW; Bucher H; Huland H; Brachmann W; Ovenbeck R EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p263-6 MJAcetyltransferases; Bladder Neoplasms /FG; Carcinoma /FG; Polymorphism (Genetics) MNAged; Bladder Neoplasms /EN; Carcinogens, Environmental; Carcinoma /EN; Germany, West; Middle Age; Occupational Diseases /CI /EN /FG; Phenotype; Risk; Smoking; Substance Abuse MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 0 (Tisseel); 10043-52-4 (Calcium Chloride); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen); 9004-04-0 (Kallikrein-Trypsin Inactivator) IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004867 TIFibrin adhesive sealing of ureter after ureteral stone surgery. A controlled clinical trial. ABIn a prospective randomized study 8 patients were peroperatively allocated to closure of ureterotomies with a fibrin adhesive (Tisseel) and 8 patients to closure with Dexon sutures to evaluate whether the duration of postoperative urinary leakage could be diminished by the use of fibrin adhesive. The median drainage period was 6.5 days (range 3-15 days) and 5.5 days (2-16 days), respectively. Closure of ureterotomies with a fibrin adhesive cannot be recommended. AUSchultz A; Christiansen LA EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p267-8 MJCalcium Chloride; Fibrinogen; Kallikrein-Trypsin Inactivator; Thrombin; Tissue Adhesives; Ureteral Calculi MNAdult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Drug Combinations /TU; Middle Age; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Sutures MTFemale; Human; Male RN23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 50-07-7 (mitomycin C) IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004868 TIThe absorption of doxorubicin and mitomycin C in perioperative instillation. An experimental and clinical study. ABNeither doxorubicin (ADM) nor mitomycin C (MMC) were well absorbed through the intact or damaged rabbit bladder wall into the blood stream. Preliminary clinical investigations indicating negligible systemic side effects of ADM and MMC agree with the experimental results. AUJauhiainen K; Eksborg S; Kangas L; Perila M ; Alfthan O EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p269-72 MJAntibiotics, Antineoplastic; Bladder Neoplasms; Doxorubicin; Mitomycins MNAbsorption; Aged; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic /TU; Bladder Neoplasms /SU; Bladder /ME; Doxorubicin /TU; Intraoperative Care; Middle Age; Mitomycins /TU; Rabbits MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004869 TIResidual stump metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. ABA rare case of ureteral stump metastasis 8 years after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma is reported. Twenty-six such cases are reviewed and the etiology of such lesions is discussed. Nephroureterectomy for renal cell carcinoma may be indicated when the risk of urogenous implantation and/or hematogenous spread is present. AUKanetoh H; Irisawa C; Katoh H; Orikasa S EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p273-6 MJCarcinoma, Renal Cell; Kidney Neoplasms; Ureteral Neoplasms MNCarcinoma, Renal Cell /SU; Kidney Neoplasms /SU; Middle Age; Nephrectomy; Time Factors MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004870 TICaliceal urinary fistula in renal allotransplantation. Case report and review of the literature. ABA patient is described in whom a caliceal fistula occurred after renal transplantation due to secondary thrombosis of a branch of a revascularized polar artery. A review of the literature shows that caliceal fistula is an unusual vascular complication which can be avoided by careful removal and meticulous bench surgery. Study of the radionuclides should enable an early and reliable diagnosis. Surgical treatment is needed as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed. Omentoplasty gives the best results. AUVan Poppel H; Arango O; Gil-Vernet JM EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p277-81 MJKidney Diseases; Kidney; Urinary Fistula MNKidney Calices; Middle Age; Renal Artery; Thrombosis /CO; Transplantation, Homologous MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004871 TISignet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the urachus. ABSignet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder is rare. Only 16 cases are recorded in the literature, although two meet the requirements for being considered of urachal origin. We present the third case of signet cell adenocarcinoma of urachal origin. AUAlonso-Gorrea M; Mompo-Sanchis JA; Jorda-Cuevas M; Froufe A; Jimenez-Cruz JF EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p282-4 MJBladder Neoplasms; Bladder; Carcinoma, Mucinous MNAdult; Urachus /PA MTCase Report; Human IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004872 TIBenign genital mesothelioma. Two case reports. AB2 cases of mesothelioma in the male genital system are reported: one paratesticular, the other in the tail of the epididymis, followed up for 16 months and 4 years, respectively. Clinical, anatomical and pathological findings are discussed. AUChahla Y EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p285-7 MJEpididymis; Mesothelioma; Testicular Neoplasms; Testis MNAdult; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Age; Time Factors MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0302-2838 LAEnglish JCENM SBM UI86004873 TIA new urine bag--'Urobag' [letter] AUSimon D; Servadio C EM8601 SOEur Urol (Switzerland), 1985, 11(4) p288 MJToilet Facilities; Urine MTHuman IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004874 TITherapy of osteogenic sarcoma: local, systemic or both? AUMiser AW; Miser JS; Pizzo PA EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Jul 1985, 21(7) p771-3 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined; Bone Neoplasms; Sarcoma, Osteogenic MNBone Neoplasms /SU; Sarcoma, Osteogenic /SU MTHuman IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004875 TIAn assessment of natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with malignant lymphoma. ABFifty per cent of untreated malignant lymphoma patients were shown to have profoundly reduced levels of peripheral blood lymphocyte-natural cell mediated cytotoxicity (PBL-NCMC) when tested against the leukaemic cell-line K562; assessment of NCMC in unfractionated blood from a large number of these patients showed a comparable reduction in activity. High levels of NCMC were observed in some patients with stage III/IV non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), while Hodgkin's disease (HD) patients over 40 yr of age had normal levels. In both NHL and HD patients there was no correlation between NCMC and absolute lymphocyte count or lymphoma histology. Human interferon was seen to boost NCMC in the majority of NHL patients, but most HD patients were nonresponders. Almost all patients tested had normal number of target binding lymphocytes, and most had numbers of HNK-1+ cells within the control range. However, on exposure to IFN, the number of target binding lymphocytes increased in over half of the patients tested, with some patients showing an increase in HNK-1+ cells, in the majority of cases without enhancement of NCMC. AUHealy F; Rees RC; Hancock BW EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Jul 1985, 21(7) p775-83 MJCytotoxicity, Immunologic; Killer Cells, Natural; Lymphoma MNAdult; Antigenic Determinants /IM; Antigens, Surface /IM; Cells, Cultured; Hodgkin's Disease /IM; Interferon Type I /PD; Middle Age MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004876 TIHuman tumour pH and its variation. ABThe variation in human tumour pH values is large. The aim of this study was to analyse the reasons for these large variations and to determine whether tumour pH can be predicted on the basis of any easily measured parameter. One hundred and five determinations of tumour pH were performed in various human tumours, using the Philips C 902S tissue pH electrode. No correlations were found between the tumour pH and the tumour histology, degree of differentiation, tumour size, patient age or treatment history, and whether or not the tumour was ulcerated. However, tumour pH was significantly lower in primary tumours than in lymph node metastases. Tumours at their primary site (primary, recurrent or residual) were also more acid than distant metastases. The vascular disruption caused by the measuring technique was found to be acceptable. AUWike-Hooley JL; van den Berg AP; van der Zee J; Reinhold HS EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Jul 1985, 21(7) p785-91 MJHydrogen-Ion Concentration; Neoplasms MNElectrodes; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms /PA; Rats; Rhabdomyosarcoma /BS /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN20830-81-3 (Daunorubicin); 58957-92-9 (4-demethoxydaunorubicin) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004878 TIActivity of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin by the oral route in advanced breast cancer. ABThe new anthracycline-analogue 4-demethoxydaunorubicin (4-DMDR) was administered orally at the dose of 15 mg/m2 daily for three consecutive days and repeated every 21-28 days on 29 patients with advanced pretreated breast cancer. A partial remission was observed in 7/25 evaluable patients (28%) for a median duration of 7 months. Side-effects include leukopenia in 93% of the patients (less than 1000 WBC/mm3 in 7%), nausea in 41%, mild vomiting in 17%, diarrhea in 10% and alopecia in 10% of the patients. No definitive conclusion is possible regarding cardiotoxicity. Only mild changes in ECG were observed in two patients. This study shows that 4-DMDR administered orally is well tolerated in the majority of patients and has antitumor activity in advanced breast cancer. AUMartoni A; Pacciarini MA; Pannuti F EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Jul 1985, 21(7) p803-6 MJAntineoplastic Agents /TU; Breast Neoplasms; Daunorubicin MNAdministration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents /AD /AE; Daunorubicin /AD /AE /TU; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RN15663-27-1 (Cisplatin); 57808-66-9 (Domperidone) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004879 TIA pilot study of high-dose domperidone as an antiemetic in patients treated with cisplatin. ABA dose-finding multicenter study was undertaken to evaluate the antiemetic efficacy of domperidone, an antidopaminergic drug, which has been proposed as a suitable alternative to high-dose metoclopramide in the control of cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. Forty-five patients were treated with different increasing high doses of domperidone (30, 60, 120 or 150 mg) administered by i.v. infusion over 20 min every 2 hr for a total of four doses for each patient, starting 30 min before chemotherapy. The number of episodes of emesis, the duration of nausea and vomiting and side-effects were recorded. Results do not suggest any specific difference in protective effect between the regimens tested. Moreover, occurrence of serious side-effects indicated that the safety of high-dose domperidone is doubtful. AUTonato M; Roila F; del Favero A; Tognoni G; Franzosi MG; Pampallona S EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Jul 1985, 21(7) p807-10 MJCisplatin; Domperidone; Nausea /DT; Vomiting /DT MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Cisplatin /TU; Domperidone /AE /TU; Infusions, Parenteral; Middle Age; Nausea /CI; Neoplasms /DT; Pilot Projects; Vomiting /CI MTFemale; Human; Male RN15663-27-1 (Cisplatin); 53643-48-4 (Vindesine) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004880 TIcis-Platinum and vindesine in combination in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. ABSixty-three patients with advanced non-small cell carcinoma of the bronchus were treated with a combination of cis-platinum and vindesine. All patients had measurable disease and were of good performance status; none had received prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Thirty-three per cent of patients responded, with five patients achieving complete remission. Median duration of response was 4 months, with a median survival of 14 months in the responsers, compared with 6.5 months in the whole group and 4.8 months in the nonresponders. Severe toxicity was encountered, with alopecia, gastrointestinal toxicity and neurotoxicity common. Myelosuppression and renal toxicity were not dose-limiting. Thus the activity of this drug combination is confirmed, but severe toxicity precludes its widespread use in clinical practice. AUCarmichael J; Gregor A; Cornbleet MA; Allan SG; McIntyre MA; Grant IW; Compton GK; Leonard RC; Smyth JF EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Jul 1985, 21(7) p811-4 MJAdenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma MNAdult; Aged; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic /AD /AE; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic /AD /AE; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /DT; Cisplatin /AD /AE; Middle Age; Vindesine /AD /AE MTFemale; Human; Male IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004881 TIGenetic instability of cell lines derived from a single human small cell carcinoma of the lung. ABSpecimens from a human small cell carcinoma of the lung were established as a cell line in vitro. Flow cytometric DNA analysis demonstrated only one tumor cell population in the parent tumor as well as in the early passages in vitro. After six passages in vitro, two new subpopulations with different DNA content appeared. By cloning, permanent cell lines were established from the new subpopulations, whereas the original population stopped growing. The cloned cell lines were characterized by morphology, chromosomes analysis, electron microscopy and plating efficiency; the stability of the DNA content was examined regularly by flow cytometric DNA analysis and instability was found in one of the cloned cell lines. Chromosome analysis showed that the cloned cell lines consisted of more than one population after 17 in vitro passages. Both cloned cell lines produced tumors in nude mice. Genetic instability was demonstrated in these mouse-grown tumors as well. Development of resistance to antineoplastic treatment may be due to heterogeneity in sensitivity among subpopulations in a tumor. Isolation of populations with different DNA contents allows the study of interaction between subpopulations and the observations provide evidence in support of the hypothesis of clonal evolution. AUEngelholm SA; Vindelov LL; Spang-Thomsen M; Brunner N ; Tommerup N; Nielsen MH; Hansen HH EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Jul 1985, 21(7) p815-24 MJCarcinoma, Oat Cell; Chromosome Aberrations; DNA, Neoplasm; Lung Neoplasms MNCarcinoma, Oat Cell /UL; Cell Line; Clone Cells; Flow Cytometry; Karyotyping; Lung Neoplasms /UL; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Age MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.2.1.- (Galactosidases); EC 3.2.1.18 (Neuraminidase); EC 3.2.1.23 (Beta-Galactosidases); 0 (ricinus agglutinin) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004882 TIA comparison of established human lymphoma lines by flow cytometry: quantitation of Ricinus communis agglutinin binding and the effect of specific glycosidases. ABTwo established cell lines of human B-cell lymphomas derived from Burkitt lymphomas and their Epstein-Barr virus-transformed counterparts were analyzed with respect to their ability to bind the beta-galactoside-specific lectin Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA). Native and sialidase- as well as sialidase-beta-galactosidase-treated cells were compared. The method for the quantitative determination of average numbers of binding sites and of apparent affinity constants was flow cytometry with fluorescence-labeled lectin. Although with native cells there was no significant deviation of the values for virus-transformed cells from those for the parent cells, some differences could be detected after glycosidase treatment. The general procedure of the combined application of specific glycosidases and the quantitation of sugar-specific lectin binding is recommended as a general strategy for the differentiation of cells with known or putative differences in biological functions. AUBrossmer R; Bohn B; Sauer A; zur Hausen H EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Jul 1985, 21(7) p825-31 MJBeta-Galactosidases; Burkitt's Lymphoma; Castor Bean; Galactosidases; Lectins; Neuraminidase; Ricinus MNBinding Sites; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Viral; Epstein-Barr Virus; Flow Cytometry MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004883 TICharacterization of the T61 human breast carcinoma established in nude mice. ABThis paper gives a biological characterization of the T61 human breast carcinoma established in nude mice. The human origin of the tumour was verified by the demonstration of the presence of human chromosomes exclusively in the tumour cells. The tumour cells were found by chromosome analysis and flow cytometric DNA analysis to be aneuploid. By electron microscopy, the tumour cells were shown to display the characteristics of glandular epithelium; a light microscopic examination revealed morphological characteristics similar to those of an axillary metastasis of the patient from whom the T61 tumour was derived. Furthermore, the tumour was shown to contain classical receptors for oestrogen and progesterone. The growth of the tumour was characterized by gompertzian growth curves. Since the T61 tumour has a response pattern to endocrine treatment which differs from that described for other human breast tumours grown in nude mice, this tumour may provide a valuable supplement in the study of human breast cancer and endocrine treatment. AUBrunner N ; Bastert GB; Poulsen HS; Spang-Thomsen M; Engelholm SA; Vindelov L; Nielsen A; Tommerup N; Elling F EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Jul 1985, 21(7) p833-43 MJBreast Neoplasms /UL; Chromosome Aberrations; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone MNBreast Neoplasms /AN /PA; DNA, Neoplasm /AN; Flow Cytometry; Mice, Nude; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Age MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN13551-87-6 (Misonidazole) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004884 TIMisonidazole toxicity and pharmacokinetics in mice: dependence on strain and size. ABThe toxic side-effects of misonidazole (MISO) have been studied in two strains of mice over a wide weight range. The sensitivity of the mice, determined as the LD50 within 7 days of administration, varied by almost a factor of two. Differences were seen in the same strain, with heavy mice being most sensitive, and from strain to strain, with CBA mice being more susceptible than WHT albino mice. The toxicity of the MISO was closely related to a change in the peak blood levels, but showed no correlation with biological half-life. The tissue volume available for drug distribution appears to be reduced in large, heavy mice at high drug doses, and cannot be explained simply on the basis of drug exclusion from adipose tissue. For radiobiological studies with MISO doses of more than 0.5 mg/g it is recommended that it should be administered in a dosage that will give a known blood level of the drug, rather than simply by giving a constant dose based on body weight. AUTerry NH; Stratford MR; Minchinton AI EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Jul 1985, 21(7) p845-51 MJMisonidazole /TO MNBody Temperature; Body Weight; Kinetics; Lethal Dose 50; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Misonidazole /BL /ME; Species Specificity; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1271-19-8 (titanocene dichloride); 1293-73-8 (titanocene dibromide); 15663-27-1 (Cisplatin); 7440-32-6 (Titanium) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004885 TIActivity of titanocene dihalides against a human colon carcinoma heterotransplanted to athymic mice. ABThe antitumor activity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and of two metallocene derivatives, titanocene dichloride (C5H5)2TiCl2 and titanocene dibromide (C5H5)2TiBr2, was investigated against a human colon adenocarcinoma heterotransplanted to athymic mice. The substances were administered at various doses on a Q2DX5 or a Q3DX5 schedule. Whereas cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) induced an only marginal tumor-inhibiting effect, both titanocenes markedly suppressed tumor development (T/C values: 23-40%) and caused stagnation and relative decrease of tumor growth, when they were applied in subtoxic doses far below the LD10 level. The results are remarkable with respect to the general insensitivity of human colorectal carcinomas to cytostatic agents. AUKopf-Maier P ; Moormann A; Kopf H EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Jul 1985, 21(7) p853-7 MJAdenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Agents /TU; Organometallic Compounds /TU; Sigmoid Neoplasms; Titanium /TU MNAntineoplastic Agents /AD; Cisplatin /AD /TU; Drug Administration Schedule; Mice, Nude; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Organometallic Compounds /AD; Titanium /AD MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004886 TIEffects of leukocyte interferon (E. coli) on human bone sarcoma growth in vitro and in the nude mouse. ABEffects of highly purified human leukocyte interferon (rIFN-alpha 2) on colony formation, DNA synthesis and proliferation in nude mice of tumor cells from eight bone sarcomas have been studied. rIFN-alpha 2 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation by sarcoma cells. Even at high doses (10(4) U/ml), however, [3H]thymidine uptake could not be completely blocked by rIFN-alpha 2. In a cloning assay three established sarcoma cell lines and five other sarcoma samples obtained after short-term in vitro culture were found to be sensitive to various degrees to rIFN-alpha 2, complete inhibition being seen only at 10(4) U/ml. Three sarcomas were sensitive in the nude mouse model. Scheduling experiments revealed that rIFN-alpha 2 produces a delay in tumor growth only when administered either before or shortly after tumor implantation. Therefore rIFN-alpha 2 appears to be most active when tumor size is small and growth not exponential, indicating that rIFN-alpha 2 may play a role in an adjuvant setting. Growth sarcomas strongly suppressed by rIFN-alpha 2 in the cloning assay was markedly inhibited in the nude mouse. One sarcoma which was only moderately sensitive in the cloning assay was resistant in the animal experiment, confirming the predictive value of the clonogenic assay. Although the present findings demonstrate strong antitumor activity of rIFN-alpha 2 against human bone sarcoma cells they should be interpreted with caution mainly because the high rIFN-alpha 2 levels used in the experiments cannot be maintained in patients over a prolonged period. AUHofmann V; Groscurth P; Morant R; Cserhati M; Honegger HP; von Hochstetter A EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Jul 1985, 21(7) p859-63 MJBone Neoplasms; Interferon Type I; Sarcoma MNAdolescence; Adult; Cell Line; Child; DNA, Neoplasm /BI; Mice, Nude; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Sarcoma, Ewing's /TH; Sarcoma, Osteogenic /TH MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN92-67-1 (4-biphenylamine) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004887 TICarcinogenesis of 4-aminobiphenyl in BALB/cStCrlfC3Hf/Nctr mice. ABMale and female (840 each) BALB/cStCrlfC3Hf/Nctr mice were given 0, 7, 14, 28, 55, 110 and 220, and 0, 7, 19, 38, 75, 150 and 300 ppm, respectively, of 4-aminobiphenyl in their drinking water. Necropsies on killed animals were performed at 13, 26, 39, 52 and 96 weeks on dose. Dose-related neoplasms were angiosarcomas, bladder urothelial carcinomas and hepatocellular neoplasms. The non-neoplastic dose-related lesions were left atrial thrombosis, bladder urothelial hyperplasia, splenic hemosiderosis and splenic erythropoiesis. The incidences of bladder carcinoma and atrial thrombosis were higher in the males and the incidences of hepatocellular neoplasms and angiosarcomas were higher in the females. AUSchieferstein GJ; Littlefield NA; Gaylor DW; Sheldon WG; Burger GT EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Jul 1985, 21(7) p865-73 MJAminobiphenyl Compounds; Carcinogens; Neoplasms MNBladder Neoplasms /CI; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart Atrium; Hemangiosarcoma /CI; Hepatoma /CI; Liver Neoplasms /CI; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Thrombosis /CI MTAnimal; Female; Male RN51057-63-7 (Citrovorum Factor); 59-05-2 (Methotrexate) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004888 TIPulmonary toxicity in mice after high-dose methotrexate administration with and without leucovorin rescue. ABInterstitial lung lesions were induced in mice by high-dose methotrexate with high frequency. They appeared early after treatment; their onset, evolution and recovery parallelled those of lesions to the hemopoietic tissues and the intestine. The pathogenesis of methotrexate lung toxicity in mice is discussed. Leucovorin rescue was ineffective in preventing the lung lesions induced by high-dose methotrexate. AUPesce C; Mansi C; Bogliolo G; Tobia F; Pannacciulli I EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Jul 1985, 21(7) p875-80 MJCitrovorum Factor; Lung Diseases; Methotrexate /TO MNAtelectasis /CI; Lung Diseases /PC; Lung /PA; Methotrexate /AD; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN10318-26-0 (Mitolactol); 53-59-8 (NADP) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004889 TIRat liver-mediated degradation of dibromodulcitol. ABThe rate and extent of dibromodulcitol (DBD) conversion by 9000 g rat liver supernatant with an NADPH-generating system (S-9 mix) were studied using 3H-labelled drug. Results indicated that S-9 mix seemed to exert an initial protective effect delaying the solvolysis of DBD for about 30 min at 37 degrees C followed by rapid degradation into exclusively pharmacologically inactive products. Thus S-9 mix contained merely DBD as an effective agent; it amounted to less than 40% of the total radioactive compounds by 120 min. In the control mixtures the sovolytically produced effective drug content, i.e. the sum of DBD, 1,2-anhydro-6-bromo-6-deoxygalactitol (BrEpG), 1,2-5,6-dianhydrogalactitol (DAG) was 63%. Our results suggest the involvement of liver enzymes in the detoxification of DBD into inactive products. Therefore the antitumour effect of DBD cannot be attributed to its active BrEpG and DAG alone. The drug in its unchanged form may contribute to a somewhat greater extent to its cytostatic action than was believed before. AUCsetenyi J ; Gati E ; Hegedus L ; Horvath IP ; Holczinger L EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Jul 1985, 21(7) p881-5 MJLiver /ME; Mitolactol MNLiver /EN; Metabolic Detoxication, Drug; NADP /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004890 TIHow much does liver disease affect the pharmacokinetics of adriamycin? AUKaye SB; Cummings J; Kerr DJ EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Aug 1985, 21(8) p893-5 MJDoxorubicin; Liver Diseases MNHepatoma /ME; Kinetics; Liver Neoplasms /ME; Liver /ME MTHuman RN10540-29-1 (Tamoxifen) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004891 TIThe Christie Hospital tamoxifen (Nolvadex) adjuvant trial for operable breast carcinoma--7-yr results. ABThe Christie Hospital Tamoxifen Trial was a randomised trial to assess the efficacy of tamoxifen (Nolvadex) as an adjunct to surgical treatment for operable breast carcinoma. From 1 November 1976 to 1 June 1982 1005 patients were registered, of whom 961 are evaluable. Following surgery, premenopausal women were randomly allocated to either tamoxifen (TAM) 20 mg/day for 1 yr or to have an irradiation menopause. Postmenopausal women had TAM 20 mg/day for 1 yr or no further treatment (controls). The analysis at 7 yr shows that there is no statistically significant difference in the overall survival for premenopausal women between those given TAM and those given ovarian irradiation. Similarly for the postmenopausal women there was no significant difference in overall survival between the TAM and control groups. However, if the series of 961 patients is analysed as a whole and allowance is made for node status then the TAM-treated patients show a significant survival benefit (P = 0.05). There was also a statistically significant delay in first relapse for the TAM-treated patients (P = 0.04); with a particularly marked reduction in distant metastases in postmenopausal patients (P = 0.06). TAM was extremely well tolerated, with very few side-effects. AURibeiro G; Swindell R EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Aug 1985, 21(8) p897-900 MJBreast Neoplasms /TH; Tamoxifen MNAdult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms /MO /SU; Clinical Trials; Combined Modality Therapy; Follow-Up Studies; Lymphatic Metastasis; Menopause; Middle Age; Ovary /RE MTFemale; Human RN0 (retinoic acid-binding proteins); 0 (retinol binding protein receptor); 302-79-4 (Tretinoin) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004892 TIReceptors for retinoic acid and retinol in human mammary carcinomas. ABThe cellular content of receptors for retinol (CRBP) and retinoic acid (CRABP) was measured in 148 human mammary carcinomas. High levels of CRABP were found in lobular carcinomas while those of the papillary subgroup had low levels of the receptor. Intermediate values for CRABP were observed for ductal, colloid and medullar carcinomas. The cellular levels of CRBP were high in ductal carcinomas and low in papillar carcinomas. A positive correlation was observed between the receptor for estradiol and CRABP. However, no significant correlation was found between the tumor cell DNA pattern and the content of CRABP and CRBP respectively. Recurrence of disease could be predicted by the nodal status and the level of estradiol receptor while the DNA pattern and the content of receptors for retinoic acid and retinol failed. AUSkoog L; Humla S; Klintenberg C; Pasqual M; Wallgren A EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Aug 1985, 21(8) p901-6 MJBreast Neoplasms; Carrier Proteins; Neoplasm Proteins; Receptors, Endogenous Substances; Retinol-Binding Proteins; Tretinoin MNAdult; Aged; Carcinoma, Ductal /AN; Carcinoma, Mucinous /AN; Carcinoma, Papillary /AN; Carcinoma /AN; DNA, Neoplasm /AN; Middle Age; Receptors, Estrogen /AN MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN62010-37-1 (ganglioside, GD3) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004893 TIInflammatory tumor response to monoclonal antibody infusion. ABTwo patients with melanoma and one with apudoma, all three with metastatic disease, received monoclonal antibody infusions with mAb R-24, specific for the disialoganglioside GD3. This marker was shown to be restricted to melanoma cells and a few other tumors of neural crest origin. Following treatment with mAb R-24 both melanoma patients showed inflammatory cutaneous responses around tumor nodules, i.e. blister formation or inflammatory perinodular halos. Local pain in bulky intestinal tumor sites occurred in all three patients about 3 hr after onset of antibody infusion. Adverse side-effects of antibody application were not observed with antibody doses up to 200 mg (single) and 440 mg total dose. The presented data indicate that mAb R-24 is active in vivo. AUDippold WG; Knuth KR; Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Aug 1985, 21(8) p907-12 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Apudoma /SC; Inflammation; Melanoma /SC MNAdult; Apudoma /IM /PA /TH; Dermatitis /PA; Gangliosides /IM; Melanoma /IM /PA /TH; Pilot Projects; Skin /PA MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2. (Transferases); EC 2.4.1. (Hexosyltransferases); EC 2.4.1.- (Fucosyltransferases) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004894 TISerum sialyltransferase and fucosyltransferase activities in patients with multiple myeloma. ABA significant elevation of serum sialyltransferase and fucosyltransferase mean activities was observed in 19 untreated patients with multiple myeloma. However, sialyltransferase mean activity was significantly lower in 13 other patients treated for 1-30 months with alkylating drugs and prednisolone. Such a definite decrease in serum enzyme activity on treatment was not recorded for fucosyltransferase. Instead, this activity was significantly increased in treated patients as compared to controls. The presenting clinical features of the 32 patients with multiple myeloma were the basis for a clinical staging system with regard to myeloma cell burden according to established criteria. In untreated patients (as opposed to treated ones), a significantly higher serum sialyltransferase (but not fucosyltransferase) activity was obtained among those 11 belonging to stage III than among the other eight with stages I and II, suggesting a link between tumour burden and enzyme activity. This assumption was further strengthened in those six patients followed lengthwise with regard to serum sialyltransferase activity. Concomitantly with objective evidence of change in tumour burden they showed corresponding alterations in sialyltransferase activity. The determination of sialyltransferase and fucosyltransferase activity in serum may be an additional contribution to refine initial assessment and follow-up of individual patients with multiple myeloma. AUFrithz G; Ronquist G; Ericsson P EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Aug 1985, 21(8) p913-7 MJFucosyltransferases; Hexosyltransferases; Multiple Myeloma /EN; Sialyltransferases; Transferases MNAged; Alkylating Agents /TU; Multiple Myeloma /DT /PA; Neoplasm Staging; Paraproteins /ME MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57576-44-0 (aclacinomycin A) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004895 TIAclarubicin (aclacinomycin A) in the treatment of relapsing acute leukaemias. ABForty patients with relapsing acute leukaemias were treated with aclacinomycin A (aclarubicin, ACM), 25 mg/m2 i.v. daily for 7 days. Twenty-nine patients with acute myeloid (AML) and five with acute lymphoblastic (ALL) leukaemia were evaluable. The overall response rate was 29.5%. Eight complete (CR) and one partial (PR) remissions were achieved in AML (31%). A high CR rate was induced in patients treated at first relapse without prior reinduction (6/12 patients). A small proportion of leukaemias resistant to daunorubicin or doxorubicin responded to ACM (3/17 patients). Median remission duration was 5.5 months (range: 2-9 months). The most common toxic effects were nausea, vomiting, stomatitis and diarrhoea. Acute cardiotoxic effects were documented in three patients. Congestive cardiomyopathy was not observed despite prior treatment with anthracyclines. We conclude that the present dose scheduling of ACM is effective in the treatment of relapsing AML and that it should be introduced in combined chemotherapy in phase III trials to compare its activity to that of daunorubicin or doxorubicin. AUMitrou PS; Kuse R; Anger H; Herrmann R; Bonfert B; Pralle H; Thiel E; Westerhausen M; Mainzer K; Bartels H; et al EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Aug 1985, 21(8) p919-23 MJAntibiotics, Antineoplastic /TU; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic; Leukemia, Myeloblastic MNAcute Disease; Adolescence; Adult; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic /AE; Drug Evaluation; Middle Age; Naphthacenes /AE /TU MTFemale; Human; Male RN7440-28-0 (Thallium) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004896 TIRelation between 201Tl to 67Ga uptake ratio and histological type in primary lung cancer. ABQuantitative 201Tl and 67Ga scans were performed on 44 patients with primary lung cancer to ascertain the differences in 201Tl and 67Ga uptake by tumors; especially the crude uptake ratio (CUR) of 201Tl to 67Ga was evaluated in relation to histological type. Adenocarcinomas showed a CUR of 2.00 +/- 1.55, the greatest value among all histological types. Epidermoid carcinomas and oat cell carcinomas had CURs of 0.47 +/- 0.30 and 0.37 +/- 0.05, respectively, both showing significantly lower values than adenocarcinomas (P less than 0.01). On the other hand, adenosquamous carcinomas indicated a CUR of 0.91 +/- 0.15, an intermediate value between adenocarcinomas and epidermoid carcinomas (P less than 0.05). These results indicated that 201Tl and 67Ga uptake by lung cancer was closely correlated with histological type, and also suggested that 201Tl and 67Ga scans enabled various histogeneses of lung cancer to be visualized. AUTogawa T; Suzuki A; Kato K; Higuchi Y; Moriya H; Hoshi K; Kimura K; Kawaguchi T EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Aug 1985, 21(8) p925-30 MJGallium Radioisotopes; Lung Neoplasms; Radioisotopes; Thallium MNAdenocarcinoma /RI; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Oat Cell /RI; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /RI; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 1.11.1.9 (Glutathione Peroxidase) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004899 TIDecreased activity of liver glutathione peroxidase in human hepatocellular carcinoma. ABGlutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, one of the scavenger enzymes of oxygen active radicals, has been measured in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of 17 patients and the values compared with the activity of adjacent tumor-free tissue and with those of 30 histologically normal livers. The results demonstrate a reduced GSH-Px activity in neoplastic tissue (21.19 vs 33.74 U/g prot.; P less than 0.001). However, the adjacent tumor-free liver also had a reduced activity when compared with normal tissue (23.15 vs 33.74 U/g prot.; P less than 0.01), but this value did not differ from that of HCC tissue. These data suggest that HCC might develop in a GSH-Px-deficient condition. AUCasaril M; Gabrielli GB; Dusi S; Nicoli N; Bellisola G; Corrocher R EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Aug 1985, 21(8) p941-4 MJGlutathione Peroxidase; Hepatoma; Liver Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Liver /EN; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.1.1.27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase); EC 2.7.7.- (DNA Polymerase II); EC 3.5.4 (Nucleoside Deaminases); EC 3.5.4.4 (Adenosine Deaminase) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004900 TIRelation between enzymatic activities and the degree of malignancy of human lymphomas. ABThe relationship between the intracellular levels of DNA polymerase alpha (DP-alpha), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the degree of malignancy of human lymphomas was investigated. Twelve non-neoplastic lymph nodes and 88 malignant lymphomas were examined. For non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) the low or high grade of malignancy was established according to three classifications: the Rappaport, the Kiel and the Working Formulation for Clinical Usage, with the latter also recognizing an intermediate grade group. Non-neoplastic lymph nodes had significantly lower levels of all the three enzymes than those found in high-grade malignant NHL (the P value ranged from less than 0.02 to less than 0.001). Hodgkin's disease, a slowly evolving neoplasia, showed lower levels of DP-alpha (P less than 0.001) and ADA (P less than 0.001), but not of LDH, than high-grade NHL. Among NHL, whatever classification was used, the low-grade malignant lymphomas had significantly lower levels than the high-grade ones for all the three enzymes (P less than 0.005 or P less than 0.001). The intermediate-grade group of the Working Formulation differed from the high-grade group for DP-alpha (P less than 0.01) and ADA (P less than 0.02) but not for LDH. It differed from the low-grade group only for ADA (P less than 0.005). Lymphoblastic and Burkitt's lymphomas were the groups with the highest levels of the three enzymes. Among low-grade lymphomas very low values were found in the histological entities defined as DLWD in the Rappaport classification, CLL and lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma in the Kiel classification and small lymphocytic (group A) in the WF. The levels of all enzymes in these histotypes were always significantly different from the other low-grade histotypes, and from the intermediate-grade ones of the WF. In the Kiel classification polymorphous lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma, recently recognized as a group with a quite aggressive clinical course, was characterized by high levels of all three enzymes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUVezzoni P; Giardini R; Raineri M; Pozzi MR; Lucchini R; Vezzoni MA; Clerici L; Besana C; Rugarli C; Rilke F EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Aug 1985, 21(8) p945-50 MJAdenosine Deaminase; DNA Polymerase II; Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lymphoma /EN; Nucleoside Deaminases MNHodgkin's Disease /EN; Lymph Nodes /EN; Lymphoma /CL MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.10.3.- (Dopa Oxidase); 103-85-5 (Phenylthiourea); 50-76-0 (Dactinomycin); 66-81-9 (Cycloheximide); 9002-79-3 (MSH) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004901 TIQuantitative cytochemical analysis by microdensitometry of spontaneous or alpha-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells cultivated in vitro. ABA spontaneous cyclic phenomenon characterized by successive waves of either high proliferative rate or intense melanogenesis is described in non-confluent B16 melanoma cells subcultivated during 2 months (or more). Dopaoxidase activity is quantified in individual cells after L-dopa reaction, by an original method of visible light absorption cytophotometry. A 24-hr treatment with alpha-MSH increases dopa-oxidase activity. This increase is also noted during the following 14 hr, in a fresh medium devoid of alpha-MSH, in which cell proliferation resumes after 24 hr. Phenylthiourea, cycloheximide or actinomycin D inhibit dopaoxidase activity, but also cell proliferation in alpha-MSH pre-stimulated cells. The effects of the two latter agents suggest that de novo synthesis of the enzyme takes place following alpha-MSH treatment. AUde Pauw-Gillet MC; Hennet JJ; Bassleer RJ EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Aug 1985, 21(8) p951-6 MJMSH; Melanins; Melanoma /ME MNCell Division /DE; Cells, Cultured; Cycloheximide /PD; Dactinomycin /PD; Densitometry /MT; Dopa Oxidase /ME; Melanoma /EN /PA; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Phenylthiourea /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004902 TISympathetic ganglia augment growth of neuroblastoma in vitro. ABThe sympathetic nervous system modulates the growth of C-1300 mouse neuroblastoma (C-1300 NB) in vivo. We now report that the presence of sympathetic cervical ganglia in cultures containing C-1300 NB or dispersed S-20 neuroblastoma (S-20 NB) cells augments growth of these tumors in vitro. Sympathetic ganglia-conditioned medium increases proliferation and survival of S-20 NB cells, indicating that nervous system-derived growth factors can exert an effect on neoplastic cells. AUChelmicka-Schorr E; Yu RC; Sportiello MG; Arnason BG EM8601 ID5 RO1 NS-18413-02 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Aug 1985, 21(8) p957-64 MJGanglia, Sympathetic; Neuroblastoma MNCell Division; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Mice; Nerve Growth Factors /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN24320-06-7 (ORG 2058); 50-28-2 (Estradiol) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004903 TIAssay for estrogen and progesterone receptors of breast cancer cell lines in monolayer culture. ABA whole-cell assay for measuring estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors in monolayer culture of human breast cancer cell lines is described. It is based on the measurement of incorporated tritiated ligands during 50 min of incubation (i.e. [3H]estradiol for ER, [3H]ORG-2058 for PgR). The assay fulfills all criteria of specificity as shown by competitive studies and measurements of the dissociation constants of the binding reactions. Moreover, a subcellular fractionation of MCF-7 labeled cells revealed that the majority of incorporated steroids was associated with the nuclear fraction. This finding is consistent with the concept of nuclear location of steroid-receptor complexes. Cultures in the presence of 10(-8) M estradiol indicated that the methodology is adequate for detecting the well-known estrogenic induction of PgR synthesis. The assay proved suitable for the quantitative assessment of the receptor content of various neoplastic (MCF-7; ZR-75-1, Cama-1, Evsa-T) and non-neoplastic (HBL-100) cell lines. The methodology has the other advantages of being simple and rapid, of requiring small amounts of cells and of allowing histological examination of the latter before, during and after biochemical analysis. AUOlea-Serrano N; Devleeschouwer N; Leclercq G; Heuson JC EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Aug 1985, 21(8) p965-73 MJBreast Neoplasms; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone MNBinding, Competitive; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus /AN; Estradiol /ME; Methods; Pregnenediones /ME; Progestational Hormones, Synthetic /ME MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56605-16-4 (spirohydantoin mustard) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004904 TIThe effect of treatment with single and split doses of spirohydantoin mustard on the growth delay of 9L rat brain tumor multicellular spheroids. ABThe effects of single and split doses of spirohydantoin mustard on the growth delay and cell survival of 9L rat brain tumor multicellular spheroids have been investigated. Treatment with 10-25 microM concentrations of spirohydantoin mustard inhibited the growth of spheroids. Growth delay increased rapidly when assayed during the first 6-10 days after treatment, after which a decrease in delay was observed. Plots of the values for the inflection points from growth curves vs drug concentration were linear, and growth delay correlated well with cell survival. There was less growth delay caused by treating spheroids with two 10 microM concentrations of spirohydantoin mustard than with a single 20 microM concentration. When a 2 or 4 hr time interval was allowed between treatment with 10 microM concentrations of spirohydantoin mustard the delay observed was greater than that obtained with the split dose control. When the resolution of the growth delay assay is considered, the split dose effect can be explained by the existence of a 5 microM threshold before any growth delay is observed. Nonetheless, the finding that spheroids treated on the split dose protocol recover from drug damage may have implications for the design of clinical protocols. AUJostes RF; Williams ME; Deen DF EM8601 IDCA-31868; CA-13525 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Aug 1985, 21(8) p975-9 MJBrain Neoplasms /PA; Hydantoins; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds MNBrain Neoplasms /DT; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Hydantoins /TU; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds /TU; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN67-42-5 (EGTA); 72-57-1 (Trypan Blue); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004905 TIEffects of extracellular calcium on calcium transport during hyperthermia of tumor cells. ABThe effects of different concentrations of extracellular ion calcium on the transport of calcium by tumor cells have been studied by means of the uptake of radiocalcium. Tumor cells incubated at 45 degrees C take up 4-10 times the amount of radioactivity incorporated by cells incubated at 37 degrees C. The difference is still greater (up to 100 times) for the intracellular incorporation as assessed by elimination of the membrane-bound calcium by EGTA treatment. The possible mechanisms involved in this differential behavior are discussed. AUAnghileri LJ; Marcha C; Crone-Escanye MC ; Robert J EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Aug 1985, 21(8) p981-4 MJCalcium; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Heat MNBiological Transport; Cell Membrane Permeability; EGTA /PD; Mice; Trypan Blue /ME MTAnimal RN10540-29-1 (Tamoxifen); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 68392-35-8 (4-hydroxytamoxifen); 82413-20-5 (3-hydroxytamoxifen) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004906 TIIn vivo and in vitro antiestrogenic action of 3-hydroxytamoxifen, tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen. ABThis study demonstrates in vivo and in vitro properties of the non-steroidal antiestrogens tamoxifen (TAM), 4-OH-tamoxifen (4-OH-TAM) and 3-OH-tamoxifen (K 060 E). In immature rabbit uteri 4-OH-TAM and K 060 E bound to the respective estrogen receptors with a ten-fold higher affinity than TAM. Furthermore, K 060 E exhibited less agonistic (estrogenic) but higher antagonistic (antiestrogenic) activity in the immature rat uterus than TAM and 4-OH-TAM (change of uterine weight). The ratio of agonistic vs antagonistic effect of K 060 E was distinctly lower than in TAM and 4-OH-TAM. In addition, K 060 E reduced by approximately 45% the growth of the transplantable Fisher rat mammary tumor (R 3230 AC) as compared with TAM (33%). We assume that, due to the higher antitumor activity, K 060 E (3-OH-TAM) is a better antiestrogen than TAM. AULoser R ; Seibel K; Roos W; Eppenberger U EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Aug 1985, 21(8) p985-90 MJEstrogen Antagonists; Tamoxifen; Uterus MNAdenocarcinoma /DT; Binding, Competitive; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Estradiol /ME; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental /DT; Organ Weight /DE; Rabbits; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Estrogen /ME; Tamoxifen /TU; Uterus /ME MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin) IS0277-5379 LAEnglish JCENW SBM; X UI86004907 TIDifferential effect of i.p.- and i.v.-injected adriamycin on the clonogenic spermatogonia of murine testis. ABThe response of murine clonogenic spermatogonia has been measured after intraperitoneal or intravenous injections of adriamycin (ADR). When measured over the whole testis, the survival curve for regenerating tubules after i.p. ADR had a 10-15% lower LD37 dose (that dose which sterilises 37% of tubules) but a two-fold higher average D0 for the clonogenic cells than that for i.v. ADR. Survival was then measured in concentric zones of these equatorial sections of testis. For i.v. injection survival parameters varied little between zones in the centre of the testis and zones adjoining the testicular capsule. In contrast, for i.p. ADR central zones had a 40% higher LD37 but the same D0 as for i.v. ADR, while peripheral zones had LD37s as little as 35% of the i.v. figure and mean D0s 2-3 times higher. Pharmacokinetic considerations that might lead to these differences in clonogenic response are discussed. AUMoore JV; Delic JI; Bentley JE EM8601 SOEur J Cancer Clin Oncol (England), Aug 1985, 21(8) p991-4 MJDoxorubicin; Spermatogonia; Spermatozoa; Testis MNCell Survival /DE; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intravenous; Mice; Seminiferous Tubules /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004908 TISpelling instruction in special education classrooms: a survey of practices. AUVallecorsa AL; Zigmond N; Henderson LM EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Sep 1985, 52(1) p19-24 MJEducation, Special; Teaching MNLearning Disorders /RH; Mental Retardation /RH MTHuman IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004909 TIFrom school to work: a vocational transition model for handicapped students. AUWehman P; Kregel J; Barcus JM EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Sep 1985, 52(1) p25-37 MJMental Retardation; Rehabilitation, Vocational MNAdolescence; Adult; Employment; Interinstitutional Relations; Parents /ED; Schools MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004910 TIHearing impaired students in regular classrooms: a cognitive model for educational services. AUWaldron MB; Diebold TJ; Rose S EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Sep 1985, 52(1) p39-43 MJDeafness /RH MNAdolescence; Deafness /PX; Teaching /MT; Visual Perception MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004911 TILarge-scale learning disability identification: the reprieve of a concept. AUWilson LR EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Sep 1985, 52(1) p44-51 MJLearning Disorders MNAchievement; Adolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Intelligence; Referral and Consultation; United States MTFemale; Human; Male IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004912 TIVariations in attention as a function of classroom task demands in learning handicapped and CA-matched nonhandicapped children. AUKrupski A EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Sep 1985, 52(1) p52-6 MJAttention; Learning Disorders MNChild; Cognition; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004913 TIMeasuring the social position of the mainstreamed handicapped child. AURay BM EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Sep 1985, 52(1) p57-62 MJChild Behavior Disorders; Learning Disorders; Social Desirability MNInterpersonal Relations; Peer Group; Sociometric Technics; Teaching MTHuman IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004914 TIImportance of goal ambitiousness and goal mastery to student achievement. AUFuchs LS; Fuchs D; Deno SL EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Sep 1985, 52(1) p63-71 MJAchievement; Education, Special; Goals MNChild; Learning Disorders /RH; Mental Disorders /RH; Mental Retardation /RH MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004915 TIIntegrating normal and handicapped preschoolers: effects on child development and social interaction. AUJenkins JR; Speltz ML; Odom SL EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Sep 1985, 52(1) p7-17 MJChild Development Disorders; Education, Special MNChild Development; Child, Preschool; Child; Interpersonal Relations; Peer Group MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004916 TILow achiever differentiation: where's the beef? AUAlgozzine B EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Sep 1985, 52(1) p72-5 MJAchievement; Learning Disorders MNChild MTHuman IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004917 TIThe effects of cooperative and individual goal structures on learning disabled and nondisabled students. AUCosden M; Pearl R; Bryan TH EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Oct 1985, 52(2) p103-14 MJCooperative Behavior; Goals; Learning Disorders MNAchievement; Adolescence; Attitude; Child; Motivation; Peer Group MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004918 TIPostsecondary vocational adjustment of rural, mildly handicapped students. AUFardig DB; Algozzine RF; Schwartz SE; Hensel JW; Westling DL EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Oct 1985, 52(2) p115-21 MJEmployment; Mental Disorders; Social Adjustment MNAdult; Learning Disorders /PX; Mental Retardation /PX; Rural Population; Vocational Education MTFemale; Human; Male IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004919 TITeachers' perceptions of behaviorally disordered students in a variety of settings. AUBullock LM; Zagar EL; Donahue CA; Pelton GB EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Oct 1985, 52(2) p123-30 MJChild Behavior Disorders; Teaching MNAdolescence; Child; Hospitals, Psychiatric; Perception; Residential Treatment; Schools MTFemale; Human; Male IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004920 TICalifornia's new eligibility criteria: legal and program implications. AUBoyan C EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Oct 1985, 52(2) p131-41 MJEducation, Special; Language Disorders; Learning Disorders; Legislation MNAchievement; Adolescence; Adult; California; Child, Preschool; Child; Intelligence MTHuman IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004921 TIFacilitating mainstreaming by modifying the mainstream. AUStainback W; Stainback S; Courtnage L; Jaben T EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Oct 1985, 52(2) p144-52 MJChild Behavior Disorders; Education; Learning Disorders; Schools MNAttitude; Competency-Based Education MTHuman IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004922 TIThe effects of integration on the mathematics achievement of hearing impaired adolescents. AUKluwin TN; Moores DF EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Oct 1985, 52(2) p153-60 MJDeafness; Mathematics MNAchievement; Adolescence; Education; Teaching MTFemale; Human; Male IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004923 TIBiasing influences on test level assignments for hearing impaired students. AUWolk S EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Oct 1985, 52(2) p161-9 MJAchievement; Hearing Disorders; Prejudice; Teaching MNAdolescence; Adult; Blacks; Child; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0014-4029 LAEnglish JCENX UI86004924 TIEffects of role, gender, age, and parental status on perception of childhood problems. AUMarsh DT; Stoughton NL; Williams TA EM8601 SOExcept Child (United States), Oct 1985, 52(2) p170-7 MJChild Behavior Disorders; Role MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Middle Age; Parents; Psychology, Clinical; Sex Factors; Teaching MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.7 (Fibrinolysin); 0 (plasmin-alpha(2) IS0014-2972 LAEnglish JCEN3 SBM UI86004925 TIFibrinolytic study in plasma and ascitic fluid of cirrhotic patients before and after ascites concentration; reinfusion technique. ABManagement of cirrhosis with massive ascites involves particular difficulties. The introduction of a peritoneovenous shunt and reinfusion of concentrated ascitic fluid techniques allows increased diuresis and improves renal function. However, these procedures have frequently been associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation and/or activation of fibrinolysis. Factor VIII activity, antigen and ristocetin cofactor, plasminogen, antiplasmin, plasminogen activator activity and plasmin-antiplasmin complex were investigated both in the ascitic fluid and plasma of cirrhotic patients before and after the concentration-reinfusion technique. Our results indicated that no hyperfibrinolysis was seen in the plasma of cirrhotic patients and that activation of fibrinolysis exists in ascites. Significantly higher levels of plasmin-antiplasmin complex and plasminogen activator activity were found in ascitic fluid than in plasma. In post-reinfusion much higher levels of all three Factor VIII components were observed in cirrhotic plasma than in normal plasma. In conclusion, activation of fibrinolysis could explain coagulation complications occurring after ascites reinfusion. Antifibrinolytic treatment could render the concentration-reinfusion technique more acceptable. AUPatrassi GM; Martinelli S; Sturniolo GC; Cappellato MG; Vicariotto M; Girolami A EM8601 SOEur J Clin Invest (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 15(4) p161-5 MJAscitic Fluid; Fibrinolysis; Liver Cirrhosis; Peritoneovenous Shunt MNAdult; Aged; Alpha Macroglobulins /ME; Blood Coagulation Disorders /ET; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation /ET; Factor VIII /ME; Fibrinolysin /ME; Liver Cirrhosis /PP /SU; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 19216-56-9 (Prazosin); 50-60-2 (Phentolamine); 74191-85-8 (UK 33,274) IS0014-2972 LAEnglish JCEN3 SBM UI86004926 TIEffect of sympathetic stimulation and intrarenal alpha-blockade on the secretion of renin by the human kidney. ABThis study was initiated to explore the possible involvement of renal alpha-adrenoceptors in the regulation of active and inactive renin. In fifteen hypertensive patients who proved not to have vascular abnormalities on diagnostic renal arteriography, blood samples were collected simultaneously from the renal artery and vein before and during an intrarenal infusion of either saline (n = 5), or the alpha-1 blocker doxazosin (n = 5) or the non-selective alpha-1 blocker doxazosin (n = 5) or the non-selective alpha-blocker phentolamine (n = 5). Subsequently, responses of renal blood flow and renin secretion were assessed following 3 min of handgrip exercise. In none of the experiments secretion of inactive renin could be detected. Release of active renin increased from 580 (SEM 170) to 650 (SEM 220) microU min-1 (100 g)-1 during infusion of doxazosin (P less than 0.05) and from 760 (SEM 100) to 1000 (SEM 340) microU min-1 (100 g)-1 during infusion of phentolamine (P less than 0.01). Saline infusion had no effect on secretion of active renin. While handgrip exercise had no significant effect on active renin secretion in the saline and in the doxazosin group, it enhanced secretion from 1000 (SEM 340) to 1280 (SEM 390) microU min-1 (100 g)-1 in the phentolamine group (P less than 0.01). The results indicate that mainly alpha-2 adrenoceptors exert an inhibitory effect on release of active renin, although alpha-1 receptors participate to some degree. There is no evidence that the kidney secretes inactive renin. AUde Leeuw PW; de Bos R; van Es PN; Birkenhager WH EM8601 SOEur J Clin Invest (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 15(4) p166-70 MJKidney /SE; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /PH; Renin; Sympathetic Nervous System MNAdult; Hemodynamics /DE; Hypertension /PP; Isometric Contraction; Kidney /PP; Middle Age; Phentolamine /PD; Prazosin /AA /PD; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /DE; Renal Circulation /DE MTFemale; Human; Male RN128-13-2 (Ursodeoxycholic Acid); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 83-44-3 (Deoxycholic Acid) IS0014-2972 LAEnglish JCEN3 SBM UI86004927 TIBioavailability, gastrointestinal transit, solubilization and faecal excretion of ursodeoxycholic acid in man. ABThe bioavailability of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a cholesterolic gallstone dissolving agent, has been analysed in seven healthy human volunteers. After absorption of a capsule containing a 500 mg dose, the time course of plasma concentrations of the drug presented a double peak profile over a 240 min period. In order to explain this result, a second group of five subjects bearing a four-way jejunal catheter fitted with an occluding balloon, received an oral dose of 250, 500 or 750 mg of the drug. Simultaneous analyses of plasma UDCA concentrations and jejunal UDCA contents were carried out. UDCA is poorly soluble in the gastro-duodeno-jejunal contents of fasted subjects since 21-50% of the ingested doses were recovered in solid form. The profile of plasma concentration paralleled the amount of soluble UDCA present in intestinal lumen. When jejunal contents were infused below the balloon a second plasma peak appeared in cases corresponding to ingestion of higher doses of UDCA. In conclusion, pharmacological doses of UDCA are not readily soluble in the stomach and intestine of a healthy fasting man. In consequence, the bioavailability of the drug varies with its progressive solubilization in the gastrointestinal tract. The present results suggest that repeated daily doses of UDCA should improve its bioavailability in treated gallstone patients. AUParquet M; Metman EH; Raizman A; Rambaud JC; Berthaux N; Infante R EM8601 SOEur J Clin Invest (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 15(4) p171-8 MJDeoxycholic Acid; Ursodeoxycholic Acid /ME MNAdult; Biological Availability; Cholelithiasis /DT; Cholesterol /ME; Feces /AN; Intestinal Absorption; Jejunum /ME; Kinetics; Solubility; Ursodeoxycholic Acid /AD MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN3617-44-5 (Phenylalanine); 6899-04-3 (Glutamine) IS0014-2972 LAEnglish JCEN3 SBM UI86004928 TIRelationship of brain glutamine and brain neutral amino acid concentrations after portacaval anastomosis in rats. ABEvidence from several sources suggest that blood-brain transport of the large neutral amino acids (NAA) is abnormal in animals with a portacaval anastomosis (PCA) and in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal-systemic shunting and encephalopathy, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. After PCA, the concentration of glutamine (Gln) in brain is markedly increased as a by-product of cerebral ammonia detoxification, and the rate of efflux of Gln from brain is also increased. The following studies were undertaken to clarify the relationships among plasma and brain concentrations of NAA after PCA in rats and to examine the relationship of brain Gln concentration to plasma and brain NAA concentrations. After PCA plasma phenylalanine, tyrosine and histidine were elevated and leucine, isoleucine and valine were lowered. In brain, phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and methionine were markedly elevated after PCA and their concentrations in brain far exceeded the concentrations in plasma. Analyses of single, partial and multiple correlations of plasma NAA ratios expressed as plasma competitor function (PCF), brain NAA and brain Gln showed significant correlations between PCF nd brain NAA in shunted rats. A better correlation was found between brain NAA and brain Gln. Correlation coefficients obtained from multiple correlation analysis equalled or exceeded those obtained in the partial correlation or in the single correlation, suggesting that the effects of PCF and brain Gln on brain NAA were separate and additive. Gln was shown to compete with other NAA for blood brain transport by inhibiting brain 14C phenylalanine uptake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUJeppsson B; James JH; Edwards LL; Fischer JE EM8601 IDAM 25347 SOEur J Clin Invest (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 15(4) p179-87 MJAmino Acids /ME; Brain; Glutamine; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical MNAmino Acids /BL; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport, Active; Blood-Brain Barrier; Glutamine /PD; Kinetics; Phenylalanine /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-67-9 (Serotonin); 50-78-2 (Aspirin); 9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0014-2972 LAEnglish JCEN3 SBM UI86004929 TIEffect of heparin and aspirin on platelet and clotting activation during leukapheresis. ABBeta-thromboglobulin (beta TG), serotonin (5HT) and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were assessed in twenty-two normal donors before, during, and at the end of leukapheresis. Seven procedures were carried out adding heparin to the circuit, and seven adding acetyl salicylic acid (ASA). The remaining eight procedures were carried out using only citrate and served as controls. Plasma beta TG increased both during and after the apheresis, together with a significant decrease of the intra-platelet content. Platelet 5HT did not show significant changes whereas FPA increased significantly. Using heparin, we obtained a complete prevention of FPA cleavage during the entire procedure, while beta TG increased at the middle of the procedure. No significant effects were observed using ASA both on beta TG and FPA levels. These features clearly indicate the activation of platelets and the thrombin generation in the apheresis circuit. Nevertheless, the activation of the clotting system seems to be predominant, as supported by the improved effect of heparin on beta TG and FPA amounts. AUFabris F; Casonato A; Randi ML; Belloni M; Quaino V; Ongaro G; Girolami A EM8601 SOEur J Clin Invest (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 15(4) p188-91 MJAspirin; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Heparin; Leukapheresis MNAdult; Beta-Thromboglobulin /ME; Blood Platelets /ME; Fibrinopeptides A /ME; Middle Age; Serotonin /BL MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.3.2.2 (Gamma-Glutamyltransferase) IS0014-2972 LAEnglish JCEN3 SBM UI86004930 TIDuodenal gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in human biopsies: effect of chronic ethanol consumption and duodenal morphology. ABGamma-glutamyltransferase activity was determined in duodenal biopsies, and in the sera of forty-six non-alcoholic and eighteen alcoholic patients with a daily alcohol consumption of more than 80 g. Additionally, duodenal morphology was examined in biopsy material obtained at the same time. In both alcoholics (P less than 0.05) and in non-alcoholics (P less than 0.001) the duodenal gamma-glutamyltransferase activity revealed a significant positive correlation with duodenal villus length. In addition, alcoholics exhibited a significant decrease in duodenal villus length (338 +/- 13 vs. 363 +/- 13 microns, P less than 0.01), and a significant increase in duodenal gamma-glutamyltransferase activity (13.0 +/- 1.4 vs. 8.4 +/- 0.6 mU mg-1 protein, P less than 0.01) when compared to controls. No significant correlation was found between duodenal and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in alcoholics and non-alcoholics. During follow up of two patients, duodenal gamma-glutamyltransferase activity decreased and duodenal villus length increased after withdrawing alcohol. These data underline the damaging effect of alcohol on the duodenal mucosa and demonstrate that chronic alcohol intake reversibly effects duodenal gamma-glutamyltransferase. In addition, the small intestine appears of minor importance as an origin for the elevated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activities seen in the alcoholic. AUSeitz HK; Velasquez D; Waldherr R; Veith S; Czygan P; Weber E; Deutsch-Diescher OG; Kommerell B EM8601 SOEur J Clin Invest (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 15(4) p192-6 MJAlcoholism; Duodenum; Gamma-Glutamyltransferase /ME MNAdult; Alcoholism /PA; Duodenum /PA; Gamma-Glutamyltransferase /BL; Intestinal Mucosa /PA; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RN127-17-3 (pyruvic acid); 50-21-5 (lactic acid) IS0014-2972 LAEnglish JCEN3 SBM UI86004931 TIMetabolic response to different forms of physical exercise in type I diabetics and the duration of the glucose lowering effect. ABIn order to analyse the metabolic effect of exercise nine well-controlled type I diabetics took part in four series of tests: (i) a short exercise with maximal work load, (ii) a 30 min exercise with half maximal work load, (iii) a 3 x 10 min interval exercise and (iv) control without exercise. Exercises were performed on a bicycle ergometer starting at 09.00 h. On the test days, only two thirds of the normal insulin dose was given. Blood glucose, free insulin, glucagon, catecholamines, growth hormone, cortisol, lactate and pyruvate were measured during the exercise and the following 60 min. Glucose profiles were taken until 17.15 h. The short exercise with maximal work load did not affect blood glucose, the half maximal exercise and the interval exercise resulted in a decrease. Short rest phases did not modify the glucose lowering effect nor the overall response of counterregulatory hormones. A snack following exercise resulted in a total compensation of the glucose lowering effect. AUHubinger A ; Ridderskamp I; Lehmann E; Gries FA EM8601 SOEur J Clin Invest (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 15(4) p197-203 MJBlood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent; Exertion MNAdult; Hormones /BL; Lactates /BL; Middle Age; Neuroregulators /BL; Pyruvates /BL; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (prostacyclin receptor) IS0014-2972 LAEnglish JCEN3 SBM UI86004932 TIAge related changes of platelet prostacyclin receptors in humans. ABPlatelet receptors for PGI2 were investigated in eighteen healthy volunteers divided in two classes of age: nine were 18-40 years old and nine were 41-65 years old. PGI2 platelet receptors were found to decrease significantly with age; the young subjects had 106 +/- 16 (mean +/- SD) high affinity receptors/platelet and 3509 +/- 529 low affinity receptors/platelet whereas the old subjects had 86 +/- 14 high affinity receptors/platelet (P less than 0.02) and 2471 +/- 640 low affinity receptors/platelet (P less than 0.005). The cumulated data from all the subjects yielded a significant negative correlation with age (r = -0.71, P less than 0.001 for the high affinity class and r = -0.65, P less than 0.01 for the low affinity class). The affinity of receptor sites for the ligand did not statistically change with aging (P less than 0.30 and P less than 0.90 respectively for high and low affinity receptors). AUModesti PA; Fortini A; Abbate R; Gensini GF EM8601 SOEur J Clin Invest (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 15(4) p204-8 MJAging; Blood Platelets; Receptors, Endogenous Substances; Receptors, Prostaglandin MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Kinetics; Middle Age; Prostaglandins X /BL MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium); 630-60-4 (Ouabain) IS0014-2972 LAEnglish JCEN3 SBM UI86004933 TIEvidence for a Na-K-ATPase-inhibitor in erythrocytes of patients with essential hypertension. ABATPase activities were determined in haemolysed and dialysed erythrocytes and in haemoglobin-free membranes of twenty patients with essential hypertension and twenty normotensive controls. Ouabain-sensitive ATPase (Na-K-ATPase) activity of haemolysate but not that of membranes was decreased in hypertensives whereas ouabain-insensitive ATPase (Mg-ATPase + some residual Ca-ATPase) activity was increased in both enzyme preparations when measurements were preformed in the absence of Ca2+-chelating substances. In haemolysed erythrocytes ouabain-sensitivity as a percentage of total ATPase activity was a good discriminator between both groups and may be a possible marker for essential hypertension. The decreased activity of Na-K-ATPase in haemolysate is apparently due to a non dialysable inhibitor of Na-K-ATPase which is either tightly bound to the erythrocyte membrane or dissolved in the cytoplasm. Following haemolysis with subsequent centrifugation the Na-K-ATPase inhibitor is removed, at least in part, and thus differences in Na-K-ATPase activity demonstrable in haemolysed and dialysed erythrocytes are no longer apparent in haemoglobin-free membranes. AUWalter U; Muller S EM8601 SOEur J Clin Invest (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 15(4) p209-14 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium; Erythrocytes; Hypertension MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /BL; Adolescence; Adult; Cell Separation /MT; Dialysis; Erythrocyte Membrane /ME; Hemolysis; Middle Age; Ouabain /PD MTHuman; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.1.3 (Lipase); EC 3.1.1.34 (Lipoprotein Lipase); 9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0014-2972 LAEnglish JCEN3 SBM UI86004934 TILipolytic and anticoagulant activities of a low molecular weight fragment of heparin. ABLow molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and standard heparin were given intravenously to six healthy subjects receiving a continuous infusion of Intralipid. After infusion, antifactor Xa, antithrombin II and coagulation activity (Normotest) were the same for both heparins. Activated partial thromboplastin time increased significantly, but the increase was much higher after standard heparin (+473%) than after LMWH (+48%). The increase in lipoprotein lipase activity was less pronounced after LMWH infusion. This resulted in a smaller decrease in Intralipid-triglyceride concentration and a smaller increase in both plasma FFA concentration and Intralipid fractional removal rate compared to standard heparin. This study shows that the plasma lipolytic potential of LMWH is weaker than that of standard heparin when given in doses with equipotent anticoagulation. LMWH may therefore be preferable to standard heparin as an antithrombotic agent in clinical situations where a high plasma lipolytic activity may be disadvantageous. AUPersson E; Nordenstrom J ; Nilsson-Ehle P; Hagenfeldt L EM8601 SOEur J Clin Invest (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 15(4) p215-20 MJAnticoagulants; Heparin; Lipolysis MNAdult; Blood Coagulation /DE; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified /BL; Lipase /BL; Lipids /BL; Lipoprotein Lipase /BL; Middle Age; Molecular Weight MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN64-19-7 (acetic acid glacial) IS0014-2972 LAEnglish JCEN3 SBM UI86004935 TIRole of gastrointestinal tract and liver in acetate metabolism in rat and man. ABNet acetate uptake/release by various tissues was studied in vivo in fed, starved and Paromomycin-treated rats and in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. In humans the portal vein, hepatic vein and hepatic arterial blood flow rates were determined simultaneously. In rats acetate is only intestinally produced and released into the portal vein. Intestinal production is decreased by 33% in starved and Paromomycin-treated rats compared to fed animals. Portal vein hepatic vein acetate differences are linearly related to the portal vein acetate concentration (r = 0.92). Acetate uptake from the portal vein by the liver was found when the portal venous concentration exceeded 180 mumol l-1. In humans the hepatic net acetate uptake from the portal vein/net acetate release into the hepatic vein, measured as mmol min-1, is linearly related to the portal vein acetate concentration (r = 0.96). The data indicate that the liver may homeostatically regulate the systemic acetate concentration in rat and man. AUHerrmann DB; Herz R; Frohlich J EM8601 SOEur J Clin Invest (Germany, West), Aug 1985, 15(4) p221-6 MJAcetic Acids /ME; Gastrointestinal System; Liver MNAcetic Acids /BL; Adult; Biological Transport, Active; Homeostasis; Liver Circulation; Liver Cirrhosis /ME; Middle Age; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Starvation MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 72509-76-3 (felodipine) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004937 TIAcute haemodynamic effects of felodipine in congestive heart failure. ABThe haemodynamic effects of felodipine 0.1 mg/kg p.o., a new arteriolar dilator, were studied in 7 patients with severe congestive heart failure of NYHA Class IV (Group A) and in 3 patients in Class II-III (Group B). In Group A, measurements were made before and 1 and 4 h after felodipine administration. There was a substantial fall in systemic arterial pressure, which was not associated with a compensatory tachycardia. In fact, there was a fall in heart rate from 92 to 82 beats/min 1 h after drug administration. The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was reduced from 22 to 14 mm Hg and the cardiac index and stroke volume index rose significantly. Consequently, there was a marked reduction in systemic vascular resistance. In Group B measurements were performed at rest and during exercise before and 1 h after felodipine. The pulmonary wedge capillary pressure during exercise was lower than in the control situation. Coronary sinus flow was increased and there was a pronounced fall in coronary vascular resistance. The results would suggest that felodipine, by virtue of its ventricular unloading potency, might be a valuable drug in the treatment of congestive heart failure. AUEmanuelsson H; Hjalmarson A; Holmberg S; Waagstein F EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p489-93 MJHeart Failure, Congestive; Hemodynamics; Nifedipine MNAdult; Aged; Blood Pressure /DE; Cardiac Output /DE; Clinical Trials; Heart Rate /DE; Middle Age; Nifedipine /PD /TU; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure /DE; Stroke Volume /DE; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 2609-46-3 (Amiloride); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 58-94-6 (Chlorothiazide); 60560-33-0 (pinacidil) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004938 TIEffect of pinacidil on blood pressure, plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity in essential hypertension. ABPinacidil, a new cyanoguanidine derivative, is an antihypertensive agent with arteriolar vasodilating properties, which acts on precapillary resistance vessels. A trial was carried out in 30 patients with essential hypertension WHO I-II. The treatment period was divided into three phases. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and amiloride were administered for 4 weeks in Phase 1 and supine and standing blood pressure decreased significantly. During Phase 2 pinacidil was added to HCTZ/amiloride for the following 3 months. A further significant reduction in blood pressure was obtained. In the next period of treatment (Phase 3) patients were divided into two groups. For 1 month Group A (15 patients) received pinacidil alone and Group B (15 patients) received HCTZ/amiloride. Conventional laboratory blood tests in all patients remained unchanged during treatment. Reported side effects during Phase 2 were headache (2 patients), dizziness (3 patients), palpitations (2 patients) and ankle oedema (2 patients). Plasma renin activity was slightly increased at the end both of Phases 1 and 2. Plasma catecholamines were increased but not significantly at the end of Phase 2 as compared to Phase 1. The results indicate that pinacidil is effective in lowering blood pressure in mild to moderate essential hypertension. AUMuiesan G; Fariello R; Muiesan ML; Christensen OE EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p495-9 MJAntihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Catecholamines; Guanidines; Hypertension; Renin MNAdult; Aged; Amiloride /PD /TU; Antihypertensive Agents /TU; Body Weight; Chlorothiazide /PD /TU; Clinical Trials; Epinephrine /BL; Guanidines /TU; Heart Rate /DE; Middle Age; Norepinephrine /BL; Random Allocation MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN60607-68-3 (indenolol) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004939 TIHaemodynamic effects of indenolol at rest and after a submaximal workload in essential hypertension. ABThe effect of indenolol on heart rate and blood pressure at rest and after submaximal workload has been studied in 19 patients with established essential hypertension. A stepwise increase from moderate to submaximal exercise was chosen to mimic challenges normally occurring in daily life. After 4 weeks of once a day indenolol therapy a significant, gradual reduction in the following cardiovascular parameters was observed: heart rate at rest fell by 20%, 30% after exercise and 31% after recovery; systolic blood pressure showed a fall of 15% at rest, 19% after workload and 14% after recovery; the reduction in diastolic blood pressure was 15% at rest, 11% after exercise and 12% after recovery. The rate-pressure product was decreased by 32% at rest, 43% after exercise and 42% after recovery. It is concluded that the most important pharmacological effect of indenolol is the significant decrease in myocardial oxygen demand. In patients with essential hypertension indenolol not only produces a definite antihypertensive effect, but it also increases workload tolerance and decreases subjective symptoms during physical activity. Compliance was good and no severe side effects were observed. AUAiello C; Groothold G; Gualtieri S; Irace L; Marini IL; Perna B; Romano A EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p501-5 MJHemodynamics; Hypertension; Indenes; Propanolamines MNAdult; Blood Pressure /DE; Clinical Trials; Exertion; Heart /DE; Indenes /TU; Middle Age; Propanolamines /TU; Rest; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN19216-56-9 (Prazosin); 29122-68-7 (Atenolol); 36894-69-6 (Labetalol); 58-94-6 (Chlorothiazide) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004940 TIA comparison of labetalol and prazosin combined with atenolol in non-responders to atenolol plus hydrochlorothiazide in uncomplicated hypertension. ABAfter screening two local populations in the northern part of The Netherlands for hypertension, patients with a diastolic pressure (DP) between 95 and 120 mmHg were treated daily either with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide or 100 mg atenolol. Nonresponders were given the combination and if necessary the dose of atenolol was increased to 200 mg. Non-responders to the latter combination were randomized and treated either with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide and labetalol or with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide, 200 mg atenolol and prazosin. If after 1 month a DP less than or equal to 90 mmHg had been reached the patient was reassessed after a further 3 months. If a DP greater than 90 mmHg was found the dose of labetalol or prazosin was increased and the patient was re-examined after 1 month. This protocol was followed until the maximum dose was reached or adverse reactions prevented a further increase in dosage. During 6 months of treatment there was a further drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressures under both regimens of, respectively, 8.6 and 2.4 mmHg for labetalol, and 7.7 and 5.0 mmHg for the prazosin group. At the end of the period the average daily doses of labetalol and prazosin were 1256 mg and 4.3 mg, respectively. There was no significant difference in the average number of complaints between the labetalol and the prazosin group. AUvan der Veur E; ten Berge BS; Donker AJ; May JF; Schuurman FH; Wesseling H EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p507-11 MJAtenolol; Chlorothiazide; Hypertension; Labetalol; Prazosin MNAdult; Clinical Trials; Drug Therapy, Combination; Middle Age; Random Allocation; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN19216-56-9 (Prazosin); 555-30-6 (Methyldopa); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004941 TIEffects of prazosin and alphamethyldopa on blood lipids and lipoproteins in hypertensive patients. ABThe effects of prazosin and alphamethyldopa on blood lipids and lipoproteins were assessed in 20 patients with mild or moderate arterial hypertension. Parameters measured included serum cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-CHO), insulin (I), glucose (G), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Prazosin -4 mg/day for 6 weeks in hydrochlorothiazide-treated patients lowered blood pressure by 18.6/17.2 (systolic/diastolic pressure) mmHg. There was a significant decrease in CHO (-5.8%), in I (-16.5%), and in NEFA (-3.0%), and a significant increase in HDL-CHO (+15.5%). Alphamethyldopa 250-750 mg/day for 6 weeks in hydrochlorothiazide-treated patients lowered blood pressure by 18.8/14.6 (systolic/diastolic pressure) mmHg, accompanied by a non-significant decrease in CHO and TG, and significant increases in HDL-CHO (+10.3%), G (+8.5%) and NEFA (+6.4%). Thus, prazosin appears to have a more beneficial effect on blood lipids and lipoproteins than alphamethyldopa. AUVelasco M; Silva H; Feldstein E; Pellicer R; Morillo J; Urbina-Quintana A; Hernandez-Pieretti O EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p513-6 MJHypertension; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Methyldopa; Prazosin MNAdult; Blood Pressure /DE; Clinical Trials; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified /BL; Heart Rate /DE; Insulin /BL; Methyldopa /TU; Middle Age; Prazosin /TU; Random Allocation MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (UCB JO28); 51-45-6 (Histamine); 55-92-5 (acetyl-beta-methylcholine) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004942 TIProtective effect by UCB JO28 against histamine and methacholine induced bronchial hyperreactivity. ABUCB JO28 [( 2-[2-[4-(diphenylmethylene)-1-piperidinyl] ethoxy] ethoxy] acetic acid, hydrochloride) is derived from diphenylmethylene piperidine. Animal experiments have shown that it has spasmolytic properties for smooth muscle, particularly in the bronchi, as well as anti-Hl, anticholinergic and anti-serotonin activities. The degree of protection by JO28 against histamine and methacholine-induced bronchospasm has been investigated in 20 asthmatic patients with serious airways hyper-reactivity. Protection against histamine-induced bronchospasm was almost complete in 11 out of 12 patients, whereas protection against methacholine-induced bronchospasm, although clearly present in seven of eight patients, was less marked. AUMaesen FP; Smeets JJ; Baltes E; Rihoux JP EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p517-21 MJAsthma; Bronchial Spasm /DT; Histamine; Methacholine Compounds; Piperidines /TU MNAdolescence; Adult; Bronchial Spasm /BL /CI; Clinical Trials; Middle Age; Piperidines /BL; Prospective Studies MTFemale; Human; Male RN129-03-3 (Cyproheptadine); 15686-51-8 (Clemastine); 3964-81-6 (azatadine); 68-88-2 (Hydroxyzine) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004943 TIPeripheral antihistamine and central sedative effects of three H1-receptor antagonists. ABThe effects of single oral doses of three antihistamine compounds on histamine-induced itch and flare reactions were studied in 24 healthy volunteers by a double-blind balanced design. Central sedative effects were concurrently analyzed using a set of computerized neuropsychological tests and analogue ratings. Hydroxyzine 20 mg had a more pronounced inhibitory effect on the cutaneous response than 3 mg clemastine or 3 mg azatadine. Clemastine tended to cause more sedation than the other two drugs. A compound score, reflecting the balance between peripheral and CNS effects, showed hydroxyzine to have relatively more peripheral antihistamine effect and less sedative effect than the other two drugs. The independence of peripheral and CNS antihistamine effects was also suggested by correlation analysis. Subjects displayed individual sensitivity to the peripheral antihistamine effect of the three drugs; a marked antihistamine effect of one drug predicted a marked effect of the other two drugs. This was not the case for CNS sedation. The independence of peripheral and CNS effects should encourage development of new and more specific antihistamine compounds. AULevander S; Hagermark O ; Stahle M EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p523-9 MJCentral Nervous System; Clemastine; Cyproheptadine; Histamine H1 Receptor Blockaders; Hydroxyzine; Peripheral Nerves; Pyrrolidines MNAdult; Clinical Trials; Cyproheptadine /PD; Double-Blind Method; Middle Age; Neuropsychological Tests; Skin /DE MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN127-31-1 (Fludrocortisone); 52-01-7 (Spironolactone); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone); 54-31-9 (Furosemide); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 76676-34-1 (RU 28318) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004944 TIAssessment of the antimineralocorticoid effect of RU 28318 in healthy men with induced exogenous and endogenous hypermineralocorticism. ABThe antimineralocorticoid effect of a single dose of RU 28318, has been assessed in healthy men with exogenous or endogenous hypermineralocorticism. For exogenous hypermineralocorticism induced by ingestion of 9 alpha-fluorohydrocortisone (9 alpha-FHC) and aldosterone infusion, RU 28318 100 mg (9 alpha-FHC ingestion) or 200 mg (aldosterone infusion) was administered, and its effect compared with identical doses of spironolactone or a placebo. For endogenous hypermineralocorticism induced by ingestion of furosemide, RU 28318 100 and 300 mg was tested in comparison with 100 mg spironolactone or placebo. In all 3 studies, both RU 28318 and spironolactone significantly raised the urinary Na/K ratio when compared to placebo administration. No significant difference was apparent between RU 28318 and spironolactone. Thus, a single dose of RU 28318 in man has an antimineralocorticoid effect identical to those produced by the identical molar dose of spironolactone. In addition, the results show that furosemide-induced hyperaldosteronism constitutes a simple and reproducible test for assessing the antimineralocorticoid effect of a drug. AUUlmann A; Bertagna C; Le Go A; Husson JM; Tache A; Sassano P; Menard J; Corvol P EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p531-5 MJAldosterone Antagonists; Hyperaldosteronism; Spironolactone MNAdult; Aldosterone /AE; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Fludrocortisone /AE; Furosemide /AE; Potassium /UR; Sodium /UR; Spironolactone /PD; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Human; Male RN60-27-5 (Creatinine) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004945 TIOverestimation of renal function in glucocorticosteroid treated patients. ABCreatinine clearance is commonly used as a parameter for individualization of dosages of drugs primarily excreted by the kidney. Nomograms and equations have been developed for estimating creatinine clearance from serum creatinine concentration, body weight, age and sex. Glucocorticosteroids are said to cause proximal muscle wasting and therefore may be expected to cause a decrease in the creatinine production rate. The purposes of the present investigation were first to evaluate by a computed tomography the effect of long term treatment with prednisone on the mid-thigh muscle area, and second, to establish whether the presumed supposed decrease in muscle mass was associated with a decrease in the urinary creatinine excretion rate, and hence in a systematic error whenever a nomogram is used to predict creatinine clearance in such subjects. Patients taking prednisone had smaller mid-thigh muscle areas than controls. A linear relationship between the mid-thigh muscle area and the observed urinary excretion of creatinine was found, suggesting that the muscle loss could account for the decrease in the urinary excretion rate of creatinine. The ratio of observed to predicted (by nomogram) urinary creatinine excretion was lower in patients than controls, resulting in a corresponding underprediction of creatinine clearance by nomograms in the patients taking prednisone. AUHorber FF; Scheidegger J; Frey FJ EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p537-41 MJGlucocorticoids; Kidney MNAdult; Creatinine /ME; Middle Age; Muscles /ME /PA /RA; Thigh; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN76-75-5 (Thiopental) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004946 TIEvaluation of infusion regimens for thiopentone as a primary anaesthetic agent. ABSeveral multi-stage infusion regimens and a computer controlled exponentially decreasing infusion regimen were evaluated in twelve patients undergoing head and neck surgery or neurosurgery. Thiopentone dosage was based on the mean of pharmacokinetic parameter values from the literature and adjusted for each patient's lean body mass in order to rapidly achieve a predetermined plasma thiopentone concentration of 15 or 20 micrograms/ml in the period following the initial bolus dose to induce anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was satisfactory in all cases. Plasma thiopentone concentrations were maintained between 10-20 micrograms/ml during infusion in the five patients who received either a four or five stage infusion and in the six patients who received the exponential infusion, but not in the single patient who received a two-stage infusion. The mean recovery time was 111 min. The plasma concentrations of total and unbound thiopentone at awakening showed little intersubject variability, despite considerable differences in total dose and duration of infusion, suggesting the absence of acute tolerance to the drug. Plasma clearance of total thiopentone correlated strongly with calculated lean body mass and to a lesser extent with total body weight suggesting that lean body mass, in particular, should be an accurate predictor of thiopentone maintenance dose requirements. This study shows that it is feasible to use thiopentone as a primary anaesthetic agent during surgery by administering the drug either as an exponentially decreasing infusion or as an infusion comprising 4 or 5 stepwise decreasing rates. AUCrankshaw DP; Edwards NE; Blackman GL; Boyd MD; Chan HN; Morgan DJ EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p543-52 MJInfusions, Parenteral; Thiopental MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Evaluation Studies; Kinetics; Mathematics; Middle Age; Regression Analysis; Thiopental /ME; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN59729-33-8 (citalopram) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004947 TIRelationship between clinical effects, serum drug concentration and serotonin uptake inhibition in depressed patients treated with citalopram. A double-blind comparison of three dose levels. ABThree dose levels (5, 25, and 50 mg once daily) of the selective serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram were compared in a four-week, double-blind trial in depressed patients. Serum levels of citalopram and desmethylcitalopram, and the inhibitory effect of serum on serotonin uptake by fresh platelets, were assessed once weekly during the trial. The serum concentrations of citalopram were highly correlated with inhibition of serotonin uptake. Less of the metabolite was found, it being detected only in the higher dose groups. Steady state levels of citalopram, attained after 1 week, were linearly related to dose. The relationship between improvement (percentage reduction in total score on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and serum level of citalopram indicated a lower limit of effect in endogenous depression at about 100 nM, corresponding to an average dose of 15 mg. Marked improvement was seen in ten patients with steady state levels in the range 70 to 335 nM. The ten nonendogenously depressed patients had steady state levels from 15 to 620 nM; complete remission was seen in the three with the lowest levels (15-25 nM). No significant correlation was found between serum drug level and the few reported side effects. AUBjerkenstedt L; Flyckt L; Overo KF; Lingjaerde O EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p553-7 MJDepressive Disorder; Propylamines /ME; Serotonin Antagonists /ME MNAdult; Aged; Blood Platelets /ME; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Fluorometry; Middle Age; Propylamines /AD /AE /TU; Serotonin Antagonists /AD /AE /TU MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN439-14-5 (Diazepam); 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl); 846-49-1 (Lorazepam) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004948 TIInteraction of diazepam or lorazepam with alcohol. Psychomotor effects and bioassayed serum levels after single and repeated doses. ABNine healthy volunteers in a double-blind, cross-over trial received diazepam (DZ) 10 mg, lorazepam (LZ) 2.5 mg, or placebo (P). Serum benzodiazepine (BZ) was bioassayed (radioreceptor method) and psychomotor tests were carried out on Day 1 (before and 1 h after the first dose) and on Day 4 (before and after the fifth dose). In each session alcohol 1 g/kg was administered 1.5 h after drug intake and the measurements were repeated twice. Serum BZ concentrations, expressed as DZ equivalents (microgram/l), ranged from 390 to 440 and from 990 to 1240 measured 2 h 45 min after the first doses of DZ and LZ, respectively. On Day 1 BZ alone impaired psychomotor skills. LZ affected performance more in objective tests, but DZ was subjectively rated as causing more drowsiness. After the intake of alcohol, all groups showed impairment in various tests. The rank order was LZ + alcohol greater than DZ + alcohol greater than P + alcohol. Residual BZ activity on Day 4, measured 18 h after the fourth dose, averaged 290 and 450 micrograms/l after DZ and LZ, respectively. At the same time slight residual exophoria was found after both BZs. Tolerance to BZs on Day 4 was unambiguous only when drug effects were related to the bioassayed serum levels. The combined action of BZs and alcohol was similar on Days 1 and 4. However, a tendency to an increased drug-alcohol interaction during advanced treatment with DZ was seen in the body sway test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUAranko K; Seppala T ; Pellinen J; Mattila MJ EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p559-65 MJAlcohol, Ethyl /ME; Diazepam /ME; Lorazepam /ME; Psychomotor Performance MNAdult; Alcohol, Ethyl /AD; Clinical Trials; Diazepam /AD; Double-Blind Method; Drug Interactions; Lorazepam /AD; Radioligand Assay; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN42971-12-0 (ethyl apovincaminate) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004949 TIPsychopharmacological effects of vinpocetine in normal healthy volunteers. ABTwelve healthy female volunteers received pre-treatments with vinpocetine 10, 20, 40 mg and placebo (t.d.s.) for two days according to a randomised, double-blind crossover design. On the third day of treatment and 1 h following morning dosage, subjects completed a battery of psychological tests including Critical Flicker Fusion (CFF), Choice Reaction Time (CRT), Subjective Ratings of Drug Effects (LARS) and a Sternberg Memory Scanning Test. No statistically significant changes from placebo were observed on CFF, CRT or subjective ratings of drug effects. However, memory as assessed using the Sternberg technique was found to be significantly improved following treatment with vinpocetine 40 mg when compared to placebo and results suggested a localised effect of the drug on the serial comparison stage of the reaction process. AUSubhan Z; Hindmarch I EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p567-71 MJCentral Nervous System; Memory, Short-Term; Psychomotor Performance; Vinca Alkaloids MNAdult; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Flicker Fusion /DE; Random Allocation; Reaction Time /DE MTFemale; Human RN13710-19-5 (tolfenamic acid) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004950 TIPharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. ABSix patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver received 100 mg tolfenamic acid p.o. and i.v. The disposition of tolfenamic acid could be described by a two-compartment open body model, with a mean central compartment volume of 8.71, and a beta-phase volume of 25 l. The elimination rate constant ke averaged 1.13 h-1 and the half-life of the beta-phase was 1.73 h; the mean total plasma clearance was 159 ml/min. These pharmacokinetic parameters differed only slightly from those in two groups of healthy volunteers studied previously; ke was significantly reduced by about 30% in the patients but none of the other parameters differed significantly. There was good correlation between individual elimination rate constants or plasma clearances with the liver function tests, serum albumin and P-coagulation factors. Oral absorption was good and bioavailability of about 100% was shown by comparison of the areas under the plasma concentration - time curves after i.v. and p.o. administration. Metabolism was qualitatively and quantitatively very similar to previous observations in healthy volunteers. There seems no reason to reduce the dose of tolfenamic acid in patients with compensated alcoholic cirrhosis. AUStenderup J; Eriksen J; Pedersen SB; Christiansen LV EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p573-9 MJAnalgesics, Anti-Inflammatory; Anthranilic Acids /ME; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Prostaglandin Antagonists MNAdult; Anthranilic Acids /AD; Biological Availability; Half-Life; Kinetics; Middle Age; Time Factors MTHuman; Male RN55837-27-9 (piretanide) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004951 TIThe influence of ascites on the pharmacokinetics of piretanide in cirrhotic patients. ABThe pharmacokinetics of piretanide, a new loop diuretic, were studied in seven patients with severe liver disease before and after resolution of ascites. The time to maximum concentration was significantly prolonged by the presence of ascites. Tmax after relief of ascites was similar to that seen for normal volunteers. Area under the curves, bioavailability, volumes of distribution and elimination half-lives did not change after resolution of the ascites: two patients in whom diuretic resistant ascites occurred showed similar pharmacokinetics to that of the diuretic responders. Reduced responsiveness to piretanide therapy in patients with gross ascites does not appear to be the result of decreased bioavailability. AUShepherd AN; Bouchier IA EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p581-3 MJAscites; Diuretics, Sulfamyl /ME; Liver Cirrhosis; Sulfonamides /ME MNAbsorption; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Diuretics, Sulfamyl /AD; Kinetics; Middle Age; Sulfonamides /AD; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN34552-84-6 (isoxicam) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004952 TIEffect of impairment of renal function on the accumulation and disposition of isoxicam. ABThe accumulation and disposition of the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug isoxicam were investigated following its oral administration to 6 subjects with normal renal function and 13 patients with diminished renal function. Isoxicam was given daily as a single oral dose for 14-15 consecutive days. Steady-state plasma levels were achieved after 13 days. The effect of differences in renal function on the kinetics of isoxicam appeared to be minimal. Accumulation of isoxicam was similar in both groups of subjects and there was no significant difference between the groups in the plasma clearance or terminal half-life of isoxicam. There were substantial differences between individuals in the apparent plasma clearance and half-life of the drug, and this is reflected in the 7-fold range of steady-state plasma isoxicam concentrations encountered in the subjects. AUBury RW; Whitworth JA; Saines D; Kincaid-Smith P; Moulds RF EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p585-8 MJAnti-Inflammatory Agents; Kidney /PP; Thiazines MNAdult; Aged; Half-Life; Kidney /ME; Kinetics; Middle Age; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN1672-63-5 (4-hydroxyantipyrine); 18125-49-0 (3-hydroxymethylantipyrine); 60-80-0 (Antipyrine); 89-25-8 (phenylmethylpyrazolone) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004953 TIAntipyrine metabolite formation and excretion in patients with chronic renal failure. ABIn the present study the influence of chronic renal insufficiency on antipyrine clearance, metabolite formation and excretion was investigated in 8 patients. After oral administration of antipyrine, the parent compound, its metabolites and their conjugates were assayed in plasma and urine. Besides the parent drug, 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine (HMA) was present in plasma in the free and conjugated forms, whereas 4-hydroxyantipyrine (OHA) and norantipyrine (NORA) were found only in the conjugated form. The same was true for urine. The plasma concentrations of these metabolites are too low to be measured in subjects with normal renal function. Plasma antipyrine clearance in the patients was in the same range as in healthy subjects. Investigation of metabolite kinetics, however, revealed that the rate of formation of NORA was preferentially decreased, whereas that of OHA and HMA were unaltered. Renal clearance of the metabolites of antipyrine was severely impaired in patients with renal insufficiency, and the resulting accumulation made it possible for the first-time to measure the antipyrine metabolites in plasma. Mean residence times of metabolites were longer than that of the parent compound. Renal clearances of the conjugates were correlated with the creatinine clearance, but were somewhat higher. Renal clearance of free HMA was lower and was also correlated with creatinine clearance. The mean clearance for glucuronidation of HMA was 93.1 ml/min. The results suggest that in healthy subjects Phase I metabolism is the rate-limiting step in the elimination of antipyrine, which is essential for its application as a model drug in metabolism studies. AUTeunissen MW; Kampf D; Roots I; Vermeulen NP; Breimer DD EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p589-95 MJAntipyrine; Kidney Failure, Chronic MNAdult; Aged; Half-Life; Kinetics; Middle Age; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN36894-69-6 (Labetalol) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004954 TITransfer of labetalol into amniotic fluid and breast milk in lactating women. ABThe transfer of labetalol into human breast milk and amniotic fluid was studied in women with pregnancy hypertension. The women were treated with labetalol 600-1200 mg daily. The ratio between the areas under the milk and plasma concentration versus time curves varied between 0.8 and 2.6. No consistent relation between milk and plasma concentration in the mother was observed either within the individuals during a dose interval or between different individuals. One of the nursed infants at the end of the dose interval had a plasma labetalol in the same range as the mother, and in another infant the level was below the detection limit. Amniotic fluid concentrations 2-3 h after dosing were generally lower than in plasma. AULunell NO; Kulas J; Rane A EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p597-9 MJAmniotic Fluid; Labetalol; Milk, Human MNHypertension /DT; Labetalol /TU; Lactation /DE; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular /DT; Pregnancy; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN12199-37-0 (Smectite); 439-14-5 (Diazepam); 50-33-9 (Phenylbutazone) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004955 TIInteractions between smectite, a mucus stabilizer, and acidic and basic drugs. In vitro and in vivo studies. ABThe interaction of phenylbutazone and diazepam with smectite were studied in in-vivo and in-vitro. The kinetics of both drugs were investigated in healthy subjects after oral administration as monotherapy or in association with smectite. Smectite did not substantially alter the kinetics of phenylbutazone, whereas the peak plasma concentration of diazepam was reduced to 91%, and the time of peak concentration was prolonged by 153% of the control values. The in-vitro investigations were conducted at pH 5.5 and 8 and showed that there was no interaction between phenylbutazone and smectite, but that it adsorbed diazepam. The findings suggest that smectite delays the absorption of basic drugs and does not alter the absorption kinetics of acidic drugs. AUAlbengres E; Urien S; Tillement JP; Oury P; Decourt S; Flouvat B; Drieu K EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p601-5 MJDiazepam; Gastrointestinal Agents; Phenylbutazone MNAbsorption; Adsorption; Adult; Biological Availability; Clinical Trials; Drug Interactions; Kinetics; Random Allocation; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN56-12-2 (GABA); 9002-72-6 (Somatotropin); 99-66-1 (Valproate) IS0031-6970 LAEnglish JCEN4 SBM UI86004956 TIEvidence for a GABAergic control of the exercise-induced rise in GH in man. ABThe effect of the GABAergic drug sodium valproate (SV) on the exercise-induced release of growth hormone (GH) was investigated in 10 healthy males. The exercise test consisted of using a stationary bicycle ergometer at 450 kg/min for 20 min. SV 600 mg blunted the increase in GH induced by the exercise, suggesting GABAergic regulation of GH secretion in man, at least under certain physiological conditions. AUSteardo L; Iovino M; Monteleone P; Agrusta M; Orio F EM8601 SOEur J Clin Pharmacol (Germany, West), 1985, 28(5) p607-9 MJExertion; GABA; Somatotropin MNAdult; Time Factors; Valproate /ME MTHuman; Male IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004958 TIInteractions of small B lymphocytes with unprimed noncytolytic T cells: dissociation between ╥presentation╙ and growth induction. ABThe accessory cell requirements in lectin-dependent triggering and growth of unprimed Lyt-2-T lymphocytes were analyzed by quantitatively comparing the ability of small B cells and peritoneal macrophages to either induce reactivity to growth factors or support growth. Lightly or nonirradiated small B cells were 15 to 30-fold less efficient as compared to T cell-depleted peritoneal cell populations, in the support of the lectin-stimulated Lyt-2-T cell proliferation. In contrast, lightly irradiated small B lymphocytes were quantitatively as efficient as macrophages in mediating lectin-driven Lyt-2-T cell proliferation, if relevant supernatants were added into culture. Finally, supernatants derived from cultures where T-small B cell ratios were optimal for growth of responder Lyt-2-lymphocytes were two orders of magnitude less efficient than conditioned medium obtained from cultures containing optimal T-macrophage ratios, in their ability to support growth of activated T cells. We conclude from these experiments that: in contrast to cytolytic T cell precursors, lectin-dependent induction of unprimed Lyt-2- T lymphocytes requires accessory cells; small B cells and macrophages are equally competent in this respect; and growth support by small B cell populations is due to contamination by macrophages which are the only cell type performing this function. We therefore interpret reports on Lyt-2- T cell proliferation upon stimulation with high numbers of small B cells as a two-step process: ╥presentation╙ and induction of T cells which is essentially B cell dependent, and factor production ensured by contaminating macrophages. AUBandeira A; Pereira P; Martinez C; Coutinho A EM8601 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p865-72 MJAntigen-Presenting Cells /IM; B Lymphocytes; Lymphocyte Transformation; T Lymphocytes /IM MNAntigen-Presenting Cells /CL; B Lymphocytes /PH /RE; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Leukocyte Count; Lipopolysaccharides /PD; Lymphocyte Cooperation; Lymphocyte Transformation /RE; Macrophages /IM; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Phenotype; Spleen /CY; T Lymphocytes /CL MTAnimal RNEC 3.- (complement 1 q); EC 3.- (Complement Activating Enzymes); 0 (polymeric IgG) IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004960 TIEffects of soluble aggregates of IgG on the binding, uptake and degradation of the C1q subcomponent of complement by adherent guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. ABEarlier studies have indicated that C1q, the first subcomponent of complement component C1, is bound to lymphocytes via specific C1q receptor sites. We have recently shown that adherent guinea pig peritoneal exudate macrophages express specific receptors for C1q (Veerhuis, R. et al., Immunology 1985. 54: 801). The present studies were performed to determine whether binding of 125I-labeled human C1q (125I-C1qhu) to adherent guinea pig peritoneal exudate macrophages would also result in ingestion and subsequent degradation of 125I-C1qhu. The binding of 125I-C1qhu to adherent peritoneal macrophages at 4 degrees C is inhibited fully not only by C1qhu and guinea pig C1q (C1qgp) but also by pepsin fragments of C1qhu. The amount of trichloroacetic acid nonprecipitable radioactivity that appeared in the supernatant was used as a measure for the degradation of 125I-C1qhu. 125I-C1qhu is degraded initially into fragments of 25 kDa, after which it is degraded further into small molecular weight peptides. Ingestion of 125I-C1q by the macrophages occurs before the 125I-C1q is degraded. In the presence of limited amounts of soluble aggregates of guinea pig IgG2 (AIgG), a known activator of C1, part of the C1q is bound to the AIgG and all of the AIgG in turn is bound to the cellular Fc receptors leading to an enhanced binding of 125I-C1q to the cells, a binding that was maximal at near equimolar concentrations of 125I-C1qhu and 131I-AIgG. In the presence of a 30-fold excess of AIgG, however, only a small percentage of the AIgG binds to cellular Fc receptors and the interaction of C1q with its receptor is decreased due to competitive inhibition. The results presented in this report thus suggest that free C1q may be eliminated by specific interaction with C1q receptors present on circulating and tissue phagocytoses and, in addition, that in the presence of immune complexes modulation of elimination of C1q may be encountered. AUVeerhuis R; Van Es LA; Daha MR EM8601 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p881-7 MJComplement Activating Enzymes /ME; Complement Activation; Complement Pathway, Classical; IgG /PH; Macrophages /ME MNBinding Sites; Cell Adhesion; Complement Activating Enzymes /IM; Guinea Pigs; IgG /ME; Iodine Radioisotopes; Macrophages /IM /PH; Peritoneal Cavity /CY MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen) IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004961 TIEffects of monoclonal antibodies to the alpha and beta chains of the human lymphocyte function-associated (H-LFA-1) antigen on T lymphocyte functions. ABThe ability of two antibodies, one specific for the alpha chain, p180, and the other for the beta chain, p95, of the human lymphocyte function-associated (LFA-1) antigens, to inhibit T cell function was measured. Both antibodies inhibited T cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected target cells and of K562 cells. Only the anti-beta chain antibody inhibited natural killer cell lysis of K562. The antibodies inhibited cytotoxic T lymphocyte cell (CTL) lysis of HLA-mismatched target cells in the presence of concanavalin A at 6.25-12.5 micrograms/ml, but at higher doses of Con A no inhibition was seen. When the lytic process was divided into calcium-independent (adherence) and -dependent (lysis) steps the antibodies were found to block at the initial step of conjugate formation. The effects of these antibodies on T cell proliferative responses showed that responses to antigens, alloantigens, mitogens and anti-CD3 (UCHT1) antibody were greatly inhibited. All of these responses are adherent cell dependent and proliferation of adherent cell-depleted mononuclear cells to Sepharose-coupled UCHT1 was not inhibited by anti-LFA-1 antibodies. Proliferation to paired anti-CD2 (T11) antibodies was also only weakly inhibited. Release of interferon-gamma by CTL on contact with target cells was also inhibited by anti-LFA antibody. These results are evidence that the LFA antigen is necessary for a nonspecific interaction with antigen-presenting cells that is essential for activation of T cells through the CD3-T cell receptor complex. AUDongworth DW; Gotch FM; Hildreth JE; Morris A; McMichael AJ EM8601 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p888-92 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Surface; T Lymphocytes MNAntigens, Bacterial /IM; Antigens, Viral /IM; Binding, Competitive; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Interferon Type II /ME; Killer Cells, Natural /IM; Lectins /PD; Lymphocyte Transformation; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic /IM; T Lymphocytes /ME MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004962 TIHepatobiliary transport of plasma IgA in the mouse: contribution to clearance of intravascular IgA. ABLabeled monomeric and polymeric (pIgA) mouse monoclonal IgA were injected intravenously into mice which were either sequentially bled for plasma turnover studies of IgA, or cannulated at their common bile duct, with excluded gallbladder, for quantitation of plasma-to-bile transport of pIgA. Our data show that mice do display a relatively high rate of biliary transport of plasma pIgA (22-28% of the injected 125I-labeled pIgA over 3 h), which accounts for approximately 90% of the total amount of pIgA (8.8 mg/kg/day) daily delivered by hepatic bile into the duodenal fluid of this species. However, in mice the absolute biliary output of pIgA does not exceed that of IgG (9.5 mg/kg/day) and the kinetics of the hepatobiliary transport of plasma pIgA appear to be slower than in the rat. Furthermore, as plasma survival studies of 125I-labeled pIgA yielded a plasma turnover of pIgA averaging 20.6 mg/kg/day, it can be approximated that the hepatobiliary pathway contributes for only 38% to the elimination of intravascular pIgA from mouse plasma, a figure to be compared to 89.8% in the rat and approximately 8.9% in man. We conclude that internal catabolism plays a dominant role in the clearance of intravascular pIgA in the mouse which appears as a model intermediate between rats and humans. Supporting this conclusion, serum pIgA two days after common bile duct ligation in 6 mice was increased by 2.5-fold vs. greater than 14-fold in ligated rats and 1.1-fold in humans with complete biliary obstruction. AUDelacroix DL; Malburny GN; Vaerman JP EM8601 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p893-9 MJBile; IgA /ME; Liver MNAlbumins /ME; Biological Transport; Cholestasis /BL /IM; IgA /AD; IgG /ME; Injections, Intravenous; Macromolecular Systems; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Mice MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004963 TIDegradation of specificity in cytolytic T lymphocyte clones: two broad specificity, H-2-independent recognition systems, one natural killer-like, develop during culture, in addition to the clonally distributed antigen-specific receptor. ABLy-2+ CBA mouse T lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A in limiting dilution culture produce clones of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) which, although initially specific, eventually lyse a wide range of target cells. The nature of the recognition system for this apparently ╥nonspecific╙ cytolysis was examined using a range of tumor cells as labeled targets and as cold target inhibitors. Most syngeneic and allogeneic murine tumor cells were lysed but the degree of lysis varied, even for different sublines of the same tumor. All tumor cells cold target inhibited their own lysis, and cross-inhibited lysis of other targets to varying degrees. The recognition stage of ╥nonspecific╙ cytolysis appeared to be independent of target cell H-2 expression; some H-2-negative murine target cells were lysed and some were not, but all gave cold target inhibition of ╥nonspecific╙ cytolysis. Xenogeneic tumor cells were resistant to lysis, but some nevertheless gave cold target inhibition of the ╥nonspecific╙ cytolysis of murine targets. A study of the specificity of cold target cross-inhibition revealed two distinct patterns of recognition which existed simultaneously in ╥nonspecific╙ CTL; one was like that of natural killer cells and was directed to targets such as YAC-1, the other was distinct from that of natural killer cells and was directed to targets such as P815. Thus, murine CTL may express three distinct receptors, the clonally distributed, H-2-restricted, antigen-specific T cell receptor and two different ╥broad-range╙ receptors common to most clones. AUWilson A; Shortman K EM8601 IDAI 17310 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p899-905 MJAntigenic Determinants; H-2 Antigens; Killer Cells, Natural; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic MNCell Line; Clone Cells /IM; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Immunity, Cellular; Lymphoma /IM; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice; Rats; Sarcoma, Mast Cell /IM; Species Specificity; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic /ME MTAnimal; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (streptococcal polysaccharide group A); 107-73-3 (Phosphorylcholine); 7512-17-6 (Acetylglucosamine); 9013-72-3 (Hemocyanin) IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004964 TIAntigens apparently nonimmunogenic for xid/Y mice cause the development of specific splenic plasmablasts and of fusion partners for SP2 cells giving hybridomas that secrete antibodies. ABAlthough xid/Y mice fail to make a detectable primary antibody response to a variety of antigens such as Type III pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (SIII), 2,4, 6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-Ficoll, pneumococcal C carbohydrate, group A streptococcal vaccine and several kinds of related antigenic determinants such as phosphorylcholine (PC) and N-acetyl-glucosaminyl (GlcNAc), even when the latter are coupled to hemocyanin (Hy), they do show: (a) an antigen-dependent development of splenic B cells which can act as successful, productive fusion partners for SP2 cells giving hybridomas making monoclonal anti-SIII, anti-PC, anti-GlcNAc, anti-TNP, etc., and (b) an antigen-dependent appearance of antigen-binding plasmablasts in their spleens. The frequencies of specific B cells arising in xid/Y males with either of these properties are of the same order of magnitude as those found in immunocompetent xid/X female littermates. Further, both PC-Hy and GlcNAc-Hy prime xid/Y and xid/X mice for quantitatively and qualitatively similar secondary responses. All three of these expressions of a specific, primary response occur in xid/Y mice in the absence of any rise in circulating antibodies. The properties of successful, productive normal fusion partners leading to secretory hybridoma lines are unknown. Thus we cannot decide whether the antigen-binding plasmablasts that arise in xid/Y mice can also play the role of productive fusion partners. Neither do we know whether the development of specific IgM and IgG3 plasmablasts in xid/Y mice after antigen stimulation is an abnormality reflecting the xid mutation. It cannot be excluded that the development of productive fusion partners, of nonsecretory plasmablasts and of memory cells are all interrelated and reflect a process that also normally occurs in xid/X, X/X and X/Y mice following similar immunization regimens. It is tempting to speculate that such cells initially responding may lag in the development of normal secretory mechanisms and that the ╥transformed╙ fusion partner may complement this deficiency. AUOhriner WD; Cebra JJ EM8601 IDAI-17997 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p906-13 MJAntigenic Determinants; Antigens /IM; Hybridomas; Lymphocyte Transformation; Plasma Cells MNAcetylglucosamine /AD; Antibody Formation; Antigens, T-Independent /IM; Antigens /AD; Cell Line; Hemocyanin /AD; Immunization, Secondary; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes /FG; Mice, Mutant Strains; Mice; Phosphorylcholine /AD; Polysaccharides, Bacterial /AD; Spleen /CY MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004965 TIThe defect in delayed-type hypersensitivity of young adult SJL mice is due to a lack of functional antigen-presenting cells. ABSJL mice exhibit a strain-specific age-dependent delay in the maturation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responsiveness. They do not attain ╥adult╙ levels of DTH responsiveness until the 10th week of age, which is 4 to 6 weeks later than the other strains of mice tested. In this report we demonstrate that spleen cells, resident peritoneal cells and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal exudate cells are all able to transfer DTH responsiveness from naive 12-week-old DTH responders to 6-week-old nonresponders. Transfer prior to immunization was more efficient at eliciting a response than transfer after immunization. As few as 5 X 10(4) cells from 12-week-old SJL mice can adoptively transfer responsiveness to unresponsive 6-week-old animals. The active cell was found to be adherent, radiation (2000 rds) resistant, I-A+, Thy-1- and Mac-1+. I-A compatibility between the adoptively transferred population and the nonresponder mice is required. These data suggest that young adult SJL mice lack a functional population of antigen-presenting cells specific for DTH and that the appearance of these cells is under maturational control. AUStohlman SA; Matsushima GK; Casteel N; Frelinger JA EM8601 IDN.S. 18147 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p913-6 MJAntigen-Presenting Cells; Hypersensitivity, Delayed /IM; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes /IM MNAging; Antigen-Presenting Cells /PH; Antigens, Immune Response /GE /IM; Antigens /AD; Hypersensitivity, Delayed /FG /PP; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes /FG /PP; Macrophages /IM; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004966 TIAntigen presentation of myoglobin: profiles of T cell proliferative responses following priming with synthetic overlapping peptides encompassing the entire molecule. ABRecently, the regions of myoglobin, which are recognized by T cells (T sites), were localized by a comprehensive synthetic strategy in which uniform synthetic overlapping peptides encompassing the entire protein chain were examined for stimulation of T cell proliferative activity. In this study, we report about the proliferative response to these peptides, as well as to the native protein, of lymph node cells from mice primed with the overlapping peptides either individually or in a mixture. Some, but not all, of the T site-containing peptides were effective in priming for an anti-myoglobin T cell response. Further, several peptides, which were highly immunogenic as free synthetic peptides, were not associated with any of the known T sites in this protein. Thus, the pattern of T cell recognition following priming with the overlapping peptides differs from the pattern observed when the native protein is the priming antigen. If antigen processing proceeds via fragmentation, then only those regions containing T sites would be expected to be effective in priming for a T cell response to the intact protein and, conversely, highly immunogenic peptides would correspond to T sites of the protein. Therefore, these findings indicate that the current concept of antigen fragmentation as a prerequisite for its presentation must be reappraised. We suggest that, in the presentation of a protein antigen, the protein is recognized predominantly intact and that the crucial aspects of presentation are determined by interaction with the cell membrane which trigger cellular activating events. AUBixler GS Jr; Atassi MZ EM8601 IDAM-33969; AI-21336 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p917-22 MJAntigen-Presenting Cells; Lymphocyte Transformation; Myoglobin; Peptides /IM; T Lymphocytes MNLymph Nodes /CY; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice; Peptide Fragments /AD /IM; Peptides /AD; Protein Conformation MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004967 TII-J expression is not associated with murine chromosome 4. ABI-J originally mapped within the murine major histocompatibility complex (H-2) between the EB and Ea loci using intra-H-2 recombinants. Cloning of this segment of H-2 shows no DNA that can be ascribed to I-J. Various hypotheses have attempted to explain this dilemma. One hypothesis attributes a chromosome 4 locus with I-Jk expression. This hypothesis requires the AKR/J and A/WySn mouse strains to be I-Jk negative. In the present report we show that AKR/J spleen cells express I-Jk surface molecules and that both the AKR/J and A/WySn mouse strains produce functional I-Jk-bearing suppressor factors to poly(Glu50Tyr50). Our data imply that mapping of I-J-determining genes to chromosome 4 may be premature. AUWaltenbaugh C; Sun L; Lei HY EM8601 IDAI-18072; CA-34109 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p922-6 MJAntigens, Immune Response /GE; Chromosome Mapping MNAntigens, Immune Response /AN /IM; Antigens, Surface /AN; Genes, Immune Response; H-2 Antigens /GE; Mice, Inbred AKR; Mice, Inbred A; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Species Specificity; Spleen /CY MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004968 TIA self-Ia reactive T cell clone directly stimulates every hundredth B cell and helps antigen-specific B cell responses. ABA self-I-A reactive T cell clone has been isolated that proliferates in the presence of irradiated syngeneic spleen cells in mouse serum. The cells directly stimulate approximately every hundredth B cell, which includes small B cells, into both proliferation and antibody formation in the absence of added antigen. There is evidence to suggest that cells of this type are generally present in murine T cell populations. The cells may recognize self-I-A as such. We failed to obtain evidence, but cannot exclude that they recognize an antibody idiotype in addition. The clone also augments antigen-specific antibody responses in vivo and in vitro in the presence of antigen. In the in vitro response to a T-independent TI-2 antigen, the T cells in co-culture with B cells induced specifically the production of IgG1 antibodies, thus mimicking the function of major histocompatibility complex-restricted, antigen-specific helper T cells. However, IgG1 production was not observed when splenic T cells were added to this system. Thus, self-I-A reactive T cells, generally inactive in the system, may locally help B cell responses to antigens which the T cells do not themselves recognize. In such instances one might attribute to the T cells antigen or idiotype-binding specificities which the cells in reality do not display. AUSaito T; Rajewsky K EM8601 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p927-34 MJAntigenic Determinants; Antigens, Immune Response; B Lymphocytes; Helper Cells; Lymphocyte Transformation MNAntigens, T-Independent /IM; Cell Line; Clone Cells /IM; Helper Cells /ME; IgG /BI; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocyte Cooperation; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Suppressor Cells /IM MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (beta-1H) IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004969 TIExpression of complement factor H on the cell surface of the human monocytic cell line U937. ABBinding assays and immunocytochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies against the human serum complement protein factor H indicate that factor H antigen is present on the surface of more than 95% of the cells of the human monocytic cell line U937. The antigen is uniformly distributed and there are 10 000-15 000 copies/cell. Factor H antigen is strongly associated with the cell surface and is not removed by hypotonic or hypertonic washes. Factor H antigen has been isolated from surface radioiodinated and 35S biosynthetically labeled cells using polyclonal anti-factor H-Sepharose columns. The antigen is indistinguishable from serum factor H in molecular weight. Secretion of factor H by U937 cells was not detected using sensitive tests in which factor H secretion by monocytes was apparent. Phorbol myristate acetate stimulation of the cells had no effect on the average number of factor H molecules expressed. We conclude that factor H is synthesized by U937 cells, but is not secreted, and remains strongly associated with the cell surface. The surface-bound factor H may function as a C3b receptor. AUMalhotra V; Sim RB EM8601 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p935-41 MJAntigens, Surface; Complement 3b Inactivators; Monocytes MNAntibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Surface /BI /IM; Binding Sites, Antibody; Cell Extracts /AN; Cell Line; Complement 3b Inactivators /BI /IM; Immunoenzyme Technics; Monocytes /ME; Stains and Staining MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (complement 4-binding protein); 151-21-3 (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004970 TIUltrastructure of human C4-binding protein: proposition for a new model. ABThe structure of human C4-binding protein (C4bp), a regulatory factor of the classical C3 convertase of complement, has been under investigation for several years, but remains poorly understood. For example, the number of subunits in the C4bp molecule has not been established. In this report, we use two different techniques (partial reduction and electron microscopy) to clarify the structure of the C4bp. Our results lead us to propose a structural model which is quite different to that suggested before, i.e. the C4bp molecule appears to be a decamer. In addition to the disulfide bonds which link each subunit to another, a second disulfide interaction leads to the association of the subunits in pairs. Each pair of subunits appears as a filament ending in a globular head at the N-terminal extremity. The pairs of subunits join to form a conical central domain (at the C-terminal extremity) linked by disulfide bonds. The proposed pentameric shape of the C4bp is consistent with the stoichiometry of the C4b-C4bp interactions. The proposed model indicates an overall structural homology between C4bp and other binding proteins. AUVilliers MB; Thielens NM; Villiers CL; Colomb MG EM8601 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p941-5 MJCarrier Proteins; Complement 4 MNElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Microscopy, Electron; Models, Biological; Molecular Weight; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Conformation; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004971 TIA third polypeptide associated with heavy and light chain subunits of class I HLA antigens in immune interferon-treated human melanoma cells. ABRecombinant immune interferon (IFN-gamma) increases the synthesis, expression and shedding of class I HLA antigens by the cultured human melanoma cell line Colo 38. The magnitude of the IFN-gamma-induced changes in class I HLA antigens is dependent on both the dose and the time of exposure to IFN-gamma and is more pronounced on the heavy chain subunit than on beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m). In addition, a third, distinct polypeptide with a molecular mass of 14 kDa is present as a major component of the class I HLA molecular pool in IFN-gamma-treated melanoma cells. As IFN-gamma preferentially increases the synthesis of the heavy chain over that of beta 2m, the newly induced 14-kDa component appears to quantitatively replace beta 2m. The stoichiometric relationship between the three molecules suggests that the IFN-gamma-induced 14-kDa component may be involved in the insertion of the heavy chain subunit into the plasma membrane. AUGiacomini P; Aguzzi A; Tecce R; Fisher PB; Ferrone S EM8601 IDCA 38469 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p946-51 MJHLA Antigens; Immunoglobulins, Heavy Chain; Immunoglobulins, Light Chain; Interferon Type II; Melanoma MNAntigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens, Surface /AN /BI; Cell Line; HLA Antigens /AN /BI; Immunoglobulins, Heavy Chain /BI; Immunoglobulins, Light Chain /BI; Molecular Weight; Peptides /BI; Precipitin Tests MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004972 TIOntogenic studies on the appearance of two classes of immunoglobulin-forming cells in the spleen of the Aleutian skate, Bathyraja aleutica, a cartilaginous fish. ABWe identified the presence in the Aleutian skate, Bathyraja aleutica, of two classes of immunoglobulins (Ig), a high molecular weight Ig analogous to mammalian IgM and a low molecular weight Ig, similarly to the spiny rasp skate, Raja kenojei, (Kobayashi, K. et al., Mol. Immunol. 1984. 21: 397), using an immunological cross-reaction with the specific antisera to the spiny rasp skate Ig components. The antigenic similarity of the heavy chains of the Ig of the Aleutian skate and those of the spiny rasp skate was less than that between their light chains. Two types of Ig-producing cells, one producing the high molecular weight and the other forming the low molecular weight Ig, were present in the spleen of embryos and adults in the Aleutian skate at a ratio of 5-6:4-5. The number of these Ig-producing cells increased with advancing development of the embryos but was 1/20 to 1/50 of those of adults. Cells, each of which were capable of forming both classes of Ig, were found in the spleen of embryos but not in that of adults. These results suggested that the spleen of the Aleutian skate is the primary lymphoid organ for B lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation, possibly equivalent to the bursa of birds. AUKobayashi K; Tomonaga S; Teshima K; Kajii T EM8601 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p952-6 MJAntibody-Producing Cells; Fishes; Immunoglobulins /CL; Spleen /GD MNAntibody Specificity; Antibody-Producing Cells /ME; Cross Reactions; Embryo; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Histocytochemistry; Immune Sera /AN; Immunoenzyme Technics; Immunoglobulins /BI /GE; Leukocyte Count; Spleen /CY MTAnimal IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004973 TIBone marrow macrophages induced to antigen presentation by lymphokines interact selectively with distinct T cells. ABIn vitro matured bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM phi), which represent a pure population of M phi, were shown to act as antigen-presenting cells (APC) to the T cell clone ST2/K.9. This interaction was major histocompatibility complex restricted. Upon long-term culture in macrophage colony-stimulating factor, BMM phi were activated for antigen presentation by a 48-h pulse with lymphokine-containing supernatant of concanavalin A-stimulated rat spleen cells (Con A sup). The capacity of such activated M phi to function as APC decreased upon removal of Con A sup, and could be regenerated by a second pulse. This finding suggests that antigen presentation by mature M phi is a reversible function regulated by T cell factors. When the responsiveness of various T cell lines to antigen presented on BMM phi or spleen cells was compared, distinct activation requirements were observed for different T cells since lymphokine-activated BMM phi were not capable of inducing antigen-specific proliferation of all lines. AUFischer HG; Reske-Kunz AB; Spaeth E; Rude E EM8601 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p957-60 MJAntigen-Presenting Cells; Bone Marrow; Lymphokines; Macrophage Activation; Macrophages; T Lymphocytes MNCell Communication; Cell Line; Lymphocyte Transformation; Major Histocompatibility Complex; Mice; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (monokines); 363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 65455-52-9 (Percoll); 7631-86-9 (Silica); 9003-39-8 (Povidone) IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004974 TIHuman lymphocytes induce a differential release of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin 1-like mononuclear cell factor from normal blood monocytes. ABLymphocytes influence the production of both prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin 1 (IL 1) by monocytes. We have examined whether these two products are released concomitantly or not under identical culture conditions using monocyte- and lymphocyte-enriched populations obtained on Percoll gradient. IL 1 was measured as mononuclear cell factor (IL 1/MCF). When incubated with concanavalin A, the monocyte-enriched fraction (MF; 80-91% monocytes), but not the lymphocyte-enriched fraction (LF; 95% lymphocytes) produced increasing amounts of PGE2 and MCF. However, when LF cells were added to MF cells in culture, a 40% to 60% decrease of PGE2 secretion was observed whereas the MCF production remained unchanged or increased up to 26-fold. Such a dissociation between IL 1 and PGE2 production by monocytes indicates independent regulation mechanisms in controlling the immune response under the influence of lymphocytes. AURoth A; Kaufmann MT; Cruchaud A; Dayer JM EM8601 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p960-3 MJInterleukin 1; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; Prostaglandins E; Proteins MNCell Separation; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Lymphocyte Transformation; Macrophage Activation; Povidone; Silica MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN3326-32-7 (fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate) IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004975 TICytolytic T cell hybridomas. III. The antigen specificity and the restriction specificity of cytolytic T cells do not phenotypically mix. ABWe have obtained cytolytic T-T hybrids by fusing an H-2Kk restricted clone specific for the hapten 3-(p-sulfophenyldiazo)-4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (SP) with an H-2Dd-restricted clone specific for the hapten fluorescein (FL). Several hybrid clones express both parental specificities but fail to lyse SP-coupled H-2Dd and FL-coupled H-2Kk target cells. We also fused the H-2Kk-restricted, SP-specific clone with a clone which recognizes FL in the context of any class I major histocompatibility complex antigen. Again several hybrids show both parental specificities but fail to recognize SP coupled to target cells which are not recognized by the parental SP-specific clone. These findings indicate that the observed cytotoxic T lymphocyte specificities for haptens on the one hand and polymorphic as well as nonpolymorphic class I major histocompatibility complex antigenic determinants on the other hand are not carried by independent proteins. AUHaas W; Mathur-Rochat J; Kisielow P; von Boehmer H EM8601 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p963-5 MJAntigenic Determinants; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; H-2 Antigens; Hybridomas; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic MNCell Fusion; Fluoresceins /IM; Haptens /IM; Hybridomas /IM; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice; Phenotype; Phenylacetates /IM; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic /IM; Thiocyanates /IM MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0014-2980 LAEnglish JCEN5 SBM; X UI86004976 TIInhibition of mast cell sensitization in vitro by a human immunoglobulin epsilon-chain fragment synthesized in Escherichia coli. ABAn immunoglobulin epsilon-chain fragment was synthesized in E. coli by cloning and expression of the gene coding for the second, third and fourth constant domains of the human IgE heavy chain. The bacterial CH2-4 polypeptide product was assembled by oxidation into a covalently linked dimeric epsilon-chain molecule presumably analogous to the Fc region of native IgE. This bacterial Fc epsilon preparation, within the concentration range 0.01-10 micrograms/ml, inhibited sensitization of human lung mast cells, determined as histamine released upon challenge with specific antigen. Monomer CH2-4 epsilon-chain polypeptide, prepared by reduction and alkylation of the active bacterial Fc epsilon fragment, was inactive as an inhibitor of sensitization. The molar potency of the active bacterial Fc epsilon product was approximately one fourth of that of native IgE. Since the bacterial Fc epsilon is nonglycosylated, carbohydrate does not make an essential contribution to the Fc receptor binding activity of IgE. These results show that a functionally active immunoglobulin molecule can be synthesized by gene cloning and expression in E. coli. AUColeman JW; Helm BA; Stanworth DR; Gould HJ EM8601 SOEur J Immunol (Germany, West), Sep 1985, 15(9) p966-9 MJEscherichia Coli /ME; Immunoglobulins, Epsilon Chain /PH; Immunoglobulins, Heavy Chain; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mast Cells MNAntibodies, Bacterial /BI /IP /PH; Escherichia Coli /IM; Histamine Liberation; Immunoglobulins, Epsilon Chain /BI /IP; Immunoglobulins, Fc /BI /IP /PH; Lung /CY MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.14.16.2 (Tyrosine Hydroxylase); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 55520-40-6 (Tyrosine); 58-00-4 (Apomorphine); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004977 TIPresynaptic dopamine and serotonin receptors modulating tyrosine hydroxylase activity in synaptosomes of the nucleus accumbens of rats. ABTyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity was determined by measuring the formation of [3H]DOPA from [3,5-3H]tyrosine in the crude synaptosomal fraction of the nucleus accumbens under conditions preventing dopamine reuptake in 30 mM K+-containing medium. TH seems to be allosterically activated under depolarizing conditions: a 4.4 fold decrease of the Km value for tyrosine of the synaptosomal TH was observed. Synaptosomal TH activity was inhibited concentration dependently by dopamine and apomorphine resulting in IC50 values of 0.4 and 0.25 microM, respectively. The maximal inhibitory effects of dopamine as well as apomorphine were about 50% of the controls. The dopamine-induced inhibition was completely antagonized by neuroleptics. The rank order of antagonistic potencies was haloperidol greater than clozapine greater than sulpiride (with increasing EC50); methiothepine was ineffective. Moreover, synaptosomal TH activity was inhibited by serotonin in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 0.8 microM). This inhibition was completely antagonized by methiothepine while, on the other hand, haloperidol was ineffective. The experimental system demonstrated here appears to be suitable for estimating the presynaptic dopamine and serotonin antagonistic potencies of drugs. AUHetey L; Kudrin VS; Shemanow AY; Rayevsky KS; Oelssner W EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p1-10 MJNucleus Accumbens; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Serotonin; Septal Nuclei; Synaptosomes; Tyrosine Hydroxylase MNApomorphine /PD; Dopamine /PD; Potassium /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serotonin /PD; Tyrosine /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male RN465-65-6 (Naloxone); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 60617-12-1 (beta-endorphin) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004978 TIDelayed onset of the amnestic effect of posttraining beta-endorphin: effects of propranolol administered prior to retention testing. ABMice were trained in a 1-trial inhibitory avoidance task (0.7 mA FS) and tested for retention at 1, 3, or 6 h following training. Posttraining beta-endorphin (0.1 micrograms/mouse i.p.) administration impaired retention at 6 h, but not 1 or 3 h after training. Propranolol (0.3 mg/mouse i.p.), but not naloxone (0.1 mg/mouse i.p.) administered prior to retention testing at 1 or 3 h accelerated the onset of amnesia in mice given posttraining beta-endorphin. Neither propranolol nor naloxone affected retention when given alone. These findings suggest that the delayed onset of the amnesia produced by posttraining beta-endorphin is due to the activation of a beta-adrenergic system. AUIzquierdo I; McGaugh JL EM8601 IDMH12526; AG00538 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p105-8 MJAmnesia; Endorphins; Memory; Propranolol; Retention (Psychology) MNMice; Naloxone /PD; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta /DE; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (dopamine-D2 receptor); 1199-18-4 (6-hydroxydopamine); 50-55-5 (Reserpine); 658-48-0 (alpha-methyl-4-tyrosine); 67287-49-4 (SK&F 38393); 74196-93-3 (LY 141865); 87134-87-0 (SCH 23390) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004979 TISCH-23390 antagonism of a D-2 dopamine agonist depends upon catecholaminergic neurons. ABSCH-23390, a selective D-1 dopamine antagonist, was found to antagonize the locomotor stimulation induced by LY-171555, an action similar to that for haloperidol in control animals. However, this action of SCH-23390 was prevented in rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or with reserpine plus alpha-methyl-tyrosine pretreatment. These results indicate that the action of SCH-23390 to antagonize D-2 dopamine receptor actions is dependent upon functional catecholamine-containing neurons. In contrast to the lack of action of SCH-23390 to antagonize LY-171555 in 6-OHDA-treated rats, SCH-23390 blocked the locomotor stimulation induced by SKF-39393, a D-1 dopamine agonist, after this treatment. Thus, D-1 dopamine receptors are distinct from D-2 receptor sites and can exhibit a behavior similar to that observed when D-2 receptors are stimulated. These data suggest that D-1 receptor sites modulate D-2 dopamine receptor function through a mechanism dependent upon functionally intact catecholamine-containing neurons. AUBreese GR; Mueller RA EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p109-14 MJAdrenergic Fibers; Benzazepines; Receptors, Dopamine; Tranquilizing Agents, Major MNErgolines /AI /PD; Hydroxydopamines; Methyltyrosines /PD; Motor Activity /DE; Rats; Reserpine /PD MTAnimal; Male RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 83334-92-3 (substance P(4-11) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004980 TIHistamine release induced by histone and phorbol ester from rat peritoneal mast cells. ABHistone 10 to 50 micrograms/ml released histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells in the absence of extracellular calcium. Extracellular calcium, 1 mM produced a slight shift of the histone dose-response curve to the right. In the absence of extracellular calcium, the histamine release-response to combined stimulation with histone and substance P was saturable. Neither histone nor substance P elicited any further response when one of these agonists alone was already eliciting a maximum response, although the cells were capable of a greater degree of histamine release in the presence of compound 48/80. In the presence of extracellular calcium, substance P at a concentration not by itself producing a response, acted synergistically with histone to induce histamine release. The substance P antagonist, SP-A, inhibited histamine release by histone. The phorbol ester, TPA, released histamine in a dose-dependent manner and this response was inhibited by SP-A. It is suggested that substance P and histone interact with a common site to release histamine and the role of protein kinase C in this release mechanism is discussed. AUSagi-Eisenberg R; Foreman JC; Shelly R EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p11-7 MJHistamine Liberation; Histones; Mast Cells; Phorbols; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate MNCalcium /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Peptide Fragments /PD; Peritoneal Cavity /CY; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Substance P /AA /PD MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN465-65-6 (Naloxone); 57-27-2 (Morphine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004981 TIStereospecific modulation of tumorigenicity by opioid antagonists. ABThe effects of (+) and (-) isomers of naloxone in altering tumor response in A/Jax mice inoculated with S20Y neuroblastoma were determined. Mice given daily subcutaneous injections of 15 mg/kg (-)naloxone had a 71% tumor incidence, a 33% delay in the time before tumor appearance, and a 28% increase in survival time. Inoculation of neuroblastoma cells in control subjects resulted in 100% tumor incidence within 13 days. Animals given 15 mg/kg (+)naloxone were comparable to control subjects in all aspects of neural neoplasia. These results show that opioid antagonists exert a stereospecific action on neural cancers, and provide further evidence that endogenous opioid systems play an important role in neuro-oncogenic expression. AUZagon IS; McLaughlin PJ EM8601 IDNS-20623; NS-20500 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p115-20 MJNarcotic Antagonists; Neuroblastoma MNMice; Morphine /PD; Naloxone /PD; Neuroblastoma /PA; Receptors, Endorphin /DE; Stereoisomers; Structure-Activity Relationship MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN19216-56-9 (Prazosin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 52-86-8 (Haloperidol) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004982 TIChronic haloperidol causes increase in salivary response and alpha 1-adrenoceptors in submandibular gland of the rat. ABThe effect of chronic haloperidol on the receptor-secretion coupling of the submandibular glands of the rat was studied. After injection of 2 mg/kg haloperidol daily for 7 days, the dose-response curve to L-noradrenaline was displaced to the left, with lowering of the threshold and enhancement of the maximal response. This was accompanied by a 73% increase in alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the glands. The effect was selective, since no changes were observed in alpha 2- and beta-adrenoceptors. AUPazo JH; De Stein ML; Tumilasci OR; Medina JH; De Robertis E EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p121-4 MJHaloperidol; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /DE; Salivation MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Norepinephrine /PD; Prazosin /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /AN; Submandibular Gland /DE /SE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (somatostatin receptor); 10028-17-8 (Tritium) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004984 TIHuman cerebellar cortex possesses high affinity binding sites for [3H]somatostatin. ABSomatostatin binding sites have been identified in the human brain using [4-3H-(Phe6)]-somatostatin-14. In contrast to that of the rat, the human cerebellar cortex possesses a high density of somatostatin binding sites, comparable to that found in either the rat or human cerebral cortex. Autoradiographic localisation of somatostatin binding sites in the human cerebellum reveals that the highest density is associated with the granule cell layer. AUWhitford CA; Candy JM; Bloxham CA; Oakley AE; Snell CR EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p129-32 MJCerebellum; Receptors, Endogenous Substances MNAged; Autoradiography; Binding Sites; Middle Age; Somatostatin /ME; Tritium /DU MTHuman; In Vitro RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 22232-71-9 (Mazindol) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004985 TIDemonstration of specific binding sites for [3H]mazindol in rat hypothalamus: correlation with the anorectic properties of phenylethylamines. AUAngel I; Paul SM EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p133-4 MJAppetite Depressants; Hypothalamus; Indoles; Mazindol; Phenethylamines MNBinding Sites; Hypothalamus /ME; Rats; Tritium /DU MTAnimal; In Vitro RN28289-54-5 (N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004986 TIEffect of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on age-related changes in dopamine turnover and transporter function in the mouse striatum. AUSershen H; Mason MF; Hashim A; Lajtha A EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p135-6 MJAging; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Pyridines MNCorpus Striatum /ME; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 1199-18-4 (6-hydroxydopamine); 300-62-9 (Amphetamine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004988 TIDopaminergic denervation increases [3H](+)-amphetamine binding in the rat striatum. AUHulihan-Giblin B; Hauger RL; Janowsky A; Paul SM EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p141-2 MJAmphetamine; Corpus Striatum; Receptors, Dopamine MNDenervation; Hydroxydopamines; Rats; Tritium /DU MTAnimal; In Vitro RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 58-61-7 (Adenosine); 66428-89-5 (Forskolin) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004989 TIAdenosine inhibits forskolin-induced excitation in myenteric neurons. AUZafirov DH; Palmer JM; Wood JD EM8601 IDAM26742 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p143-4 MJAdenosine; Forskolin; Myenteric Plexus MNAdenyl Cyclase /AN; Guinea Pigs; Myenteric Plexus /PH MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (dopamine-D2 receptor); 16357-59-8 (EEDQ); 69-23-8 (Fluphenazine); 83016-32-4 (7-azidofluphenazine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004990 TIPhotoaffinity labeling and purification of solubilized D2 dopamine receptors. AULew JY; Meller E; Goldstein M EM8601 IDNINCDS 06801; NIMH 02717 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p145-6 MJAzides; Fluphenazine; Receptors, Dopamine MNAffinity Labels; Fluphenazine /DU; Molecular Weight; Quinolines /PD; Rats; Solubility MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (Ro 22-8515) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004991 TIBenzodiazepine receptor binding with a new ligand, Ro 22-8515. AUGoeders NE; Horst WD; O'Brien R; Bautz G; Kuhar MJ EM8601 IDDA 00266; MH 00053; NS 15080; + SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p147-8 MJBenzazepines; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine MNLigands; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mice; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.14.16.2 (Tyrosine Hydroxylase); 28289-54-5 (N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 658-48-0 (alpha-methyl-4-tyrosine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004992 TILack of evidence supporting a role for dopamine in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity. AUSchmidt CJ; Bruckwick E; Lovenberg W EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p149-50 MJDopamine; Pyridines; Receptors, Dopamine MNLevodopa /PD; Methyltyrosines /PD; Mice; Neurons /DE; Tyrosine Hydroxylase /AI MTAnimal; Male RNEC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 146-48-5 (Yohimbine); 19216-56-9 (Prazosin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004993 TIPrazosin but not rauwolscine reduces a component of the constrictor action of thrombin in the rabbit femoral artery. AUGarland CJ; Odegaard BH; Bevan JA EM8601 IDHL 32985; HL 34575 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p151-2 MJPrazosin; Thrombin; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Yohimbine MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Norepinephrine /PD; Rabbits MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 4205-90-7 (Clonidine); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004994 TIClonidine pretreatment enhances the sensitivity of the beta-noradrenergic receptor coupled adenylate cyclase system in astrocytes. AUNortham WJ; Mobley P EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p153-4 MJAdenyl Cyclase; Astrocytes; Brain; Clonidine; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta MNAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /AN; Cells, Cultured; Isoproterenol /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 113-45-1 (Methylphenidate) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004995 TIAutoradiographic localization of [3H]methylphenidate binding sites in rat brain. AUUnis AS; Dawson TM; Gehlert DR; Wamsley JK EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p155-7 MJBrain; Methylphenidate MNAutoradiography; Binding Sites; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tritium /DU MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.6.1.19 (Aminobutyrate Aminotransferase); 439-14-5 (Diazepam); 60643-86-9 (4-aminohex-5-enoic acid); 64603-91-4 (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo(5,4-c); 68-41-7 (Cycloserine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004996 TIDiazepam antagonizes GABAmimetics in rats with spontaneous petit mal-like epilepsy. ABWistar rats in our laboratory breeding colony spontaneously present petit mal-like, non-convulsive, epileptic seizures. In these rats, as in other animal petit mal models, GABAmimetics, agonists of GABA-A receptors such as 4, 5, 6, 7 tetrahydroisooxazolo (5,4-c) pyridin-3-ol (THIP), or inhibitors of GABA catabolism such as gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG) or L-cycloserine (CYC), aggravated the seizures. Diazepam not only abolished the spontaneous seizures but also completely blocked the effects of the GABAmimetics, totally suppressing seizures in rats given THIP, GVG or CYC. These findings show that the mode of action of benzodiazepines is not comparable to a non-specific potentiation of GABA transmission, and suggest that the anti-absence effects of the benzodiazepines could depend on interactions with neurotransmitter systems other than GABA. AUMarescaux C; Micheletti G; Vergnes M; Rumbach L; Warter JM EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p19-24 MJDiazepam; Epilepsy, Petit Mal; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine MNAminobutyrate Aminotransferase /AI; Aminocaproic Acids /PD; Cycloserine /PD; Isoxazoles /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 38304-91-5 (Minoxidil); 54-31-9 (Furosemide); 72509-76-3 (felodipine); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004997 TIRenal and cardiovascular effects of acute and chronic administration of felodipine to SHR. ABRenal function and salt and water turnover were studied in SHR during acute and chronic administration of felodipine, which is an efficient antihypertensive vasodilating Ca2+ antagonist. In conscious SHR acute administration of felodipine in hypotensive doses increased renal sympathetic nerve activity but caused renal vasodilation, increases in GFR and a 2-3 fold increase in urinary flow rate and sodium excretion. The fraction of filtered sodium excreted (FENa) was approximately doubled. The diuretic and natriuretic effects of felodipine are therefore suggested to be due to a direct inhibitory action on the renal tubular cells, resulting in reduced sodium reabsorption. Nifedipine also induced diuresis and natriuresis in this system, while minoxidil reduced water and sodium excretion. Throughout 6 months of felodipine treatment, the mean arterial pressure (MAP), remained 25-20 per cent reduced. Felodipine in combination with metoprolol reduced MAP 25-30 per cent and also caused regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, while felodipine alone prevented its further progression. Also during chronic administration, felodipine induced diuresis but had no effect on plasma volume and on sodium or potassium excretion in SHR. It is concluded that in SHR felodipine induces diuresis; on acute treatment this is secondary to reduced tubular sodium reabsorption, although during chronic treatment the sodium loss is compensated for while the diuresis remains. Thus, the cardiovascular and renal effects of Ca2+ antagonists like felodipine differ substantially from those of other potent antihypertensive vasodilators e.g. minoxidil. AUNordlander M; Di Bona GF; Ljung B; Yao T; Thoren P EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p25-36 MJAntihypertensive Agents /PD; Hemodynamics; Kidney; Nifedipine MNAntihypertensive Agents /AD; Blood Pressure /DE; Furosemide /PD; Heart Enlargement /DT; Heart Rate /DE; Minoxidil /PD; Nifedipine /AD /PD; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats; Renal Circulation /DE; Sodium /ME; Sympathetic Nervous System /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-50-3 (Dibenamine); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004998 TIDiscrepancy between alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction and the occupation theory in rat vas deferens--possible existence of a 'silent' receptor. ABThe relation of the amount of alpha 1-adrenoceptors (alpha 1-R) with contraction to norepinephrine (NE) through alpha 1-R in rat vas deferens was examined by means of radiobinding assays. Treatment with dibenamine decreased the maximal contraction to NE with a decrease in the amount of alpha 1-R but the relation was not linear. The contractile response disappeared completely when 20% of the alpha 1-R still remained. Moreover, culture of dibenamine-pretreated muscle restored the contraction to NE without a significant increase in the amount of alpha 1-R in the muscle. These findings suggest that some alpha 1-R are 'silent' in the contraction of rat vas deferens in response to NE under physiological conditions. AUHiguchi H; Uchida S; Murata M; Yoshida H EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p37-42 MJMuscle Contraction; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha MNCalcium /PD; Dibenamine /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Norepinephrine /PD; Organ Culture; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /PH; Vas Deferens /DE MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 312-45-8 (Hemicholinium 3); 51-55-8 (Atropine); 58-82-2 (Bradykinin); 60-26-4 (hexamethonium) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86004999 TIRole of cholinergic neurons in the cardiovascular responses evoked by central injection of bradykinin or angiotensin II in conscious rats. ABIntracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of bradykinin (0.1-10 micrograms) or angiotensin II (0.01-10 micrograms) in conscious, freely moving rats evoked dose-related increases in arterial pressure. The pressor response to bradykinin (BK) was accompanied by an increase in heart rate while angiotensin II (ANG II) decreased heart rate. Pretreatment with hemicholinium-3 to deplete brain acetylcholine levels produced a choline-reversible blockade of the cardiovascular response to BK. In contrast, the pressor response to ANG II was only weakly inhibited by hemicholinium-3 and the bradycardia was unaffected. Central pretreatment with the nicotinic antagonist, hexamethonium (50 micrograms) was more effective than the muscarinic antagonist atropine (20 micrograms) at blocking the cardiovascular responses to i.c.v. injection of BK. Both blocking agents produced a weaker inhibitory effect on the pressor response to ANG II although no anticholinergic pretreatment significantly inhibited the fall in heart rate. These results are consistent with the possibility of a peptidergic-cholinergic interaction in the central cardiovascular actions of BK and perhaps for a component of the pressor response to ANG II. AUBuccafusco JJ; Serra M EM8601 IDHL 30046 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p43-51 MJAngiotensin II; Blood Pressure; Bradykinin; Brain; Heart Rate; Parasympathetic Nervous System MNAtropine /PD; Hemicholinium 3 /PD; Hexamethonium Compounds /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-61-6 (Dopamine); 52-86-8 (Haloperidol); 57-27-2 (Morphine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005000 TIThe effect of different types of cortical lesions on drug-induced catalepsy in rats: a pharmacological analysis. ABThe effect of bilateral lesions of various cortical areas on neuroleptic- and non-neuroleptic-induced catalepsy was studied in the rat. Ablation of the frontal or parietal cortex led to a marked decrease in haloperidol catalepsy, whereas lesions of the occipital cortex, or of the olfactory bulbs did not affect catalepsy, when measured 3 weeks post lesion in all cases. The frontal cortex lesions also diminished the cataleptic state induced by cis-flupenthixol, (+)-butaclamol and chlorpromazine, but failed to affect that induced by reserpine, tetrabenazine or morphine. Four months after the frontal lesions, haloperidol catalepsy was at control values, and a rebound phenomenon was observed at 10 months post lesion. The homeostatic mechanisms seem to have stabilized at 18 months post lesion when haloperidol catalepsy had returned to control levels. AUWorms P; Willigens MT; Continsouza-Blanc D; Lloyd KG EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p53-9 MJCatalepsy; Cerebral Cortex; Tranquilizing Agents, Major MNDopamine /SE; Haloperidol /PD; Morphine /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Dopamine /DE; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine /DE MTAnimal RN50-55-5 (Reserpine); 50-60-2 (Phentolamine); 504-24-5 (4-aminopyridine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 52-53-9 (Verapamil); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005001 TIEffects of 4-aminopyridine on cat blood pressure in relation to the sympathetic nervous system. ABThe pressor effect of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) was studied in anesthetized cats and in isolated cat aortic ring preparations. A significant increase in blood pressure (38.9 +/- 11.4 mmHg) was observed following intravenous administration of 4-AP (0.3 mg/kg). The elevated blood pressure lasted for 1.3 h and returned to the control level after 1.5 h. The pressor effect of 4-AP was not blocked by prior administration of phentolamine (2 mg/kg i.v.) or by pretreatment with reserpine (2 mg/kg i.m., once a day for two consecutive days). In vitro, a dose-dependent tonic contraction of aortic ring was noted after addition of 4-AP into the bathing fluid. The ED50 of 4-AP was significantly greater than that of norepinephrine (NE) (8 X 10(-4) M vs. 10(-7) M). Phentolamine (10(-6) M) antagonized the contractile response to NE but not that to 4-AP, whereas verapamil (10(-5) M) attenuated the 4-AP induced contractile response. A diminished contractile effect was also obtained when aortic ring preparations were bathed in calcium-free solution. These data suggest that the sympathetic nervous system plays a minor role in the pressor effect of 4-AP and that the increased calcium influx may account, at least partially, for the vasoconstricting effect of 4-AP. AUYen MH; Lee SH; Ho ST EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p61-7 MJAminopyridines; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Agents; Sympathetic Nervous System MNCalcium /PH; Cats; Norepinephrine /PD; Phentolamine /PD; Reserpine /PD; Vasoconstriction /DE; Verapamil /PD MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN31363-74-3 (5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 7439-93-2 (Lithium) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005002 TIShort-term lithium administration enhances serotonergic neurotransmission: electrophysiological evidence in the rat CNS. ABRats received lithium-containing chow for 48 h. Brain and plasma lithium concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 1.0 mEq/l. A first series of experiments served to assess the responsiveness of CA3 hippocampal pyramidal neurons to microiontophoretically applied serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE). The response of the same neurons to electrical stimulation of the ventro-medial 5-HT pathway was measured after lithium treatment. The responsiveness to 5-HT and NE was not modified whereas the effect of activation of the ascending 5-HT pathway was increased two-fold by the lithium treatment. These neurons were activated to their physiological firing rate by means of small ejection currents of acetylcholine. A pretreatment with the 5-HT neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine abolished the response to the electrical stimulation in lithium-treated rats. In a second series of experiments, unitary recordings of 5-HT neurons were obtained from the dorsal raphe nucleus. The lithium treatment modified neither the number of spontaneously active 5-HT neurons nor their mean firing rate. These results provide direct electrophysiological evidence for the enhancement of 5-HT neurotransmission by short-term lithium treatment through its presynaptic action on 5-HT terminals. AUBlier P; De Montigny C EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p69-77 MJBrain; Lithium /PD; Neural Transmission; Receptors, Serotonin MN5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine /PD; Electric Stimulation; Hippocampus /DE; Lithium /AD; Neural Pathways /DE; Norepinephrine /ME; Raphe Nuclei /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Serotonin /PH; Serotonin /SE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (dopamine-D1 receptor); 0 (dopamine-D2 receptor); 1199-18-4 (6-hydroxydopamine); 50-55-5 (Reserpine); 58-00-4 (Apomorphine); 66104-22-1 (pergolide); 67287-49-4 (SK&F 38393); 74050-98-9 (ketanserin); 87134-87-0 (SCH 23390) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005003 TIBehavioural stimulation is induced by separate dopamine D-1 and D-2 receptor sites in reserpine-pretreated but not in normal rats. ABThe dopamine (DA) D-1 agonist SK&F 38393 as well as the D-2 agonist pergolide and the mixed D-1/D-2 agonist apomorphine induced strong hypermotility and oral stereotypy in rats pretreated with a daily dose of reserpine for 2 and in particular for 4 days (3 and 5 injections, respectively). SK&F 38393 had no behavioural stimulant effect in saline-pretreated rats, whereas pergolide and apomorphine produced stimulation, although only after higher doses. Agonists at 5-HT and muscarinic receptors and at alpha 1-adrenoceptors were ineffective in reserpine-pretreated rats whereas the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, and the muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine, produced weak locomotor stimulation. The hypermotility induced by SK&F 38393 in reserpinized rats was blocked by pretreatment with the DA D-1 antagonists, SCH 23390 and SK&F 83566c, whereas the DA D-2 antagonists, YM 09151-2, clebopride and spiroperidol were weak or ineffective. In contrast pergolide-induced hypermotility was blocked by low doses of the D-2 antagonists but was weakly or not influenced by the D-1 antagonists. Selectivity ratios between drug potencies in the two models ranged from 65 to more than 600. The mixed D-1/D-2 antagonists, cis(Z)-flupentixol and cis(Z)-clopenthixol, blocked the effect of both SK&F 38393 and pergolide. The alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin, and the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, ketanserin, did not modify the effect of SK&F 38393 or pergolide. Stereotyped behaviour induced by a high pergolide dose in normal rats was, in contrast to the effect in reserpinized rats, blocked by low doses of either SCH 23390 or spiroperidol. Finally, the hypermotility induced by apomorphine in reserpinized rats was markedly antagonized by both SCH 23390 and spiroperidol. The results suggest a close relation between D-1 and D-2 receptor sites in normal rats. After prolonged reserpine treatment, the D-1 agonist acquires full DA agonist efficacy. Furthermore, behavioural stimulation under these conditions is mediated by two separate D-1 and D-2 receptor sites which can be manipulated independently by antagonists. The mechanism by which this phenomenon occurs is unknown but the adaptational changes show close similarities to those observed after 6-hydroxyDA-induced denervation. AUArnt J EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p79-88 MJBehavior, Animal; Receptors, Dopamine /PH; Reserpine MNApomorphine /PD; Benzazepines /PD; Catalepsy /CI; Ergolines /PD; Hydroxydopamines; Motor Activity /DE; Piperidines /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Dopamine /AN /DE; Stereotyped Behavior /DE MTAnimal; Male RNEC 3.5.4.4 (Adenosine Deaminase); 146-77-0 (2-chloroadenosine); 439-14-5 (Diazepam); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58-61-7 (Adenosine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005004 TIPossible mechanism of action of diazepam as an adenosine potentiator. ABDiazepam (10(-5)-3 X 10(-4) M) selectively enhanced the negative inotropic responses of guinea-pig atria and the relaxation of guinea-pig taenia coli caused by adenosine and ATP. In the atria, the effect of 2-chloroadenosine, a stable analog of adenosine, was not affected by diazepam. Segments of guinea-pig atria or taenia coli took up 3H-activity during incubation with [3H]adenosine but did not take up 32P-activity from [32P]ATP. Diazepam at concentrations sufficient to enhance the in vitro responses reduced by half the uptake of 3H-activity into the preparations. Adenosine (10(-6) M) and ATP (10(-6) M) were degraded to inactive inosine during incubation with atrial segments and their degradation was inhibited by diazepam. In contrast, in rat atria, diazepam did not enhance the negative inotropic effects of adenosine and ATP, and did not prevent the uptake of adenosine. These results suggest that in guinea-pig atria and taenia coli, diazepam like dipyridamole, acts as an adenosine potentiator by preventing the uptake and degradation of adenosine. AUMoritoki H; Fukuda H; Kotani M; Ueyama T; Ishida Y; Takei M EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p89-98 MJAdenosine /PD; Diazepam MNAdenosine Deaminase /AI; Adenosine Triphosphate /ME /PD; Adenosine /AA /ME; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Guinea Pigs; Intestines /DE; Muscle Contraction /DE; Myocardial Contraction /DE; Myocardium /ME; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male RN1991-78-2 (p-Chlorophenylalanine); 31363-74-3 (5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine); 458-24-2 (Fenfluramine); 4774-24-7 (Quipazine); 50-67-9 (Serotonin) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005005 TIEffect of substances influencing brain serotonergic transmission on plasma vasopressin levels in the rat. ABStudies were carried out in the rat to investigate whether serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the regulation of vasopressin (ADH) release. For this purpose plasma ADH levels were measured in rats treated with drugs enhancing 5-HT transmission, such as d-fenfluramine and quipazine and with 5-HT depleting drugs, p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). Forebrain 5HT, noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) were also measured. d-Fenfluramine and quipazine induced dose-related increases in plasma ADH levels in normohydrated rats. The effects of quipazine and d-fenfluramine were prevented by PCPA, indicating that 5-HT transmission was required for the biologic response. 5,7-DHT and PCPA pretreatment decreased forebrain 5-HT content and prevented ADH increases involved by water deprivation, suggesting that 5HT is necessary for the hormonal response to osmotic stimuli. The results summarized imply that serotonin may have a role in the physiological release of ADH from neurohypophysis. AUIovino M; Steardo L EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 11 1985, 113(1) p99-103 MJBrain; Serotonin; Vasopressins MN5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fenfluramine /PD; Quipazine /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; p-Chlorophenylalanine /PD MTAnimal; Male RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 0 (dopamine-D1 receptor); 0 (dopamine-D2 receptor); 10028-17-8 (Tritium); 2709-56-0 (Flupenthixol) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005006 TIChronic neuroleptic treatment increases D-2 but not D-1 receptors in rat striatum. ABIn vitro binding of [3H]cis(Z)-flupentixol (FPT) to rat striatal membranes was evaluated as an assay for D-1 receptors. It was found that under the appropriate assay conditions [3H]FPT bound to a single saturable site which was most abundant in striatum and bound dopaminergic agonists in the potency order that these drugs demonstrate for adenylate cyclase. These data support previous work suggesting that [3H]FPT labels the D-1 receptor. Next, rats received haloperidol or fluphenazine for 54 days and striatal dopamine receptors were assayed 72 h later. The drug treatments increased the density of D-2 receptors as measured by [3H]spiperone binding by 40% and 25% respectively. However, no change was observed in D-1 receptor density. We conclude that effects of chronic neuroleptic treatment that depend upon increased dopamine receptor density are mediated via the D-2 receptor subtype. AUMacKenzie RG; Zigmond MJ EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 17 1985, 113(2) p159-65 MJCorpus Striatum; Receptors, Dopamine /DE; Tranquilizing Agents, Major MNAdenyl Cyclase /AN; Binding Sites; Flupenthixol /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Dopamine /AN; Tritium /DU MTAnimal; In Vitro RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium); 20830-75-5 (Digoxin); 630-60-4 (Ouabain); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005007 TIAging and digitalis sensitivity of cardiac muscle in rats. ABThe cause of the reduced tolerance of aged rats to the arrhythmogenic effect of ouabain was studied in left atrial and left ventricular muscle preparations obtained from 3-, 8- or 26-month old Fischer 344 rats. Under 1.5-Hz stimulation, the concentration-response curves for the positive inotropic effect of ouabain showed a tendency to shift to the left with age. The toxic effects occurred at lower ouabain or digoxin concentrations in the ventricular muscle obtained from senescent rats especially when the muscle was stimulated at a higher frequency (4 Hz), although differences in tolerance to the toxic effect of ouabain were not apparent in atrial muscle preparations stimulated at 1.5 Hz. No age-related difference in intracellular sodium or potassium concentration was observed in perfused ventricular muscle preparations paced at 1.5 Hz. There was no significant age effect on Na+-induced activation of Na+,K+-ATPase. In aged myocardium, however, the upstroke velocity of the action potential was reduced especially under high frequency stimulations, and the ability to follow high frequency stimulation was compromised. These results suggest that reserve capacity of the sodium pump is reduced in aged ventricular muscle, thereby elevating its sensitivity to the cardiac glycoside. AUKatano Y; Kennedy RH; Stemmer PM; Temma K; Akera T EM8601 IDAG-02398 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 17 1985, 113(2) p167-78 MJAging; Digitalis Glycosides; Heart MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /AN; Calcium /ME; Digoxin /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance; Electric Stimulation; Heart /PH; Membrane Potentials /DE; Myocardial Contraction /DE; Ouabain /PD; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats; Sodium /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (benzomorphan receptor); 0 (delta receptor); 0 (kappa receptor); 0 (mu receptor); 14357-78-9 (Diprenorphine); 60617-12-1 (beta-endorphin) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005008 TIAutoradiographic localization of benzomorphan binding sites in rat brain. ABThe benzomorphan subpopulation of opiate binding sites was labeled by [3H]diprenorphine in the presence of unlabeled ligands selected to quench mu and delta opiate binding sites. The distribution of benzomorphan binding sites was then localized autoradiographically. Areas particularly enriched in these sites were nucleus solitarius, nucleus ambiguus, substantia gelantinosa of the trigeminal nerve, the habenula, and the medial nucleus of the amygdala. Within hippocampal formation, binding was relatively enhanced in the pyramidal and granule cell layers. Within the basal ganglia, binding was greatest in the dorsomedial caudate nucleus and least in the globus pallidus. No 'patches' of increased binding were present in the striatum. The interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis and the medial preoptic nucleus also showed significant binding. This distribution differs from the distributions of mu, delta and kappa opiate binding and is quite similar to the distribution of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity. These observations support the hypothesis, based on biochemical studies in brain membranes, that benzomorphan binding sites may represent the ligand recognition sites of putative epsilon receptors. AUCrain BJ; Valdes F; Chang KJ; McNamara JO EM8601 IDNS06233 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 17 1985, 113(2) p179-86 MJBrain Chemistry; Receptors, Endorphin MNAutoradiography; Benzomorphans /ME; Binding Sites; Diprenorphine /ME; Endorphins /ME; Ligands; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005009 TISystemic and regional hemodynamic actions of calcium entry blockers in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. ABIn the present study we investigated systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of the calcium entry blockers nifedipine, verapamil and PY 108-068 in conscious SHR. For systemic hemodynamic studies the animals were instrumented with an electromagnetic flowprobe on the ascending aorta, whereas for regional hemodynamic studies miniaturized Doppler flowprobes were implanted on the superior mesenteric and left renal artery and on the abdominal aorta. All three drugs caused a dose-dependent fall in mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance. Nifedipine and PY 108-068 increased cardiac output and heart rate, whereas verapamil only did so at high doses. Administration of each calcium entry blocker caused a dose-dependent fall in skeletal muscle vascular resistance, with renal and mesenteric resistance remaining virtually unchanged. A similar effect was observed after the administration of nifedipine to normotensive WKY rats. Surgical elimination of sino-aortic baroreflexes caused a 10 fold increase in antihypertensive potency of the three drugs in SHR. Moreover, dilatation in these animals was uniform in all beds studied. The results indicate that the three calcium entry blockers used are essentially non-selective vasodilators but that baroreflex mechanisms prevent vasodilatation in the renal and mesenteric beds in intact animals. AUNievelstein HM; Van Essen H; Tijssen CM; Smits JF; Struyker Boudier HA EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 17 1985, 113(2) p187-98 MJCalcium Channel Blockers; Hemodynamics; Hypertension MNDenervation; Pressoreceptors /PH; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats; Reflex; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Vasodilator Agents /PD MTAnimal; Male RN51-84-3 (Acetylcholine); 57-47-6 (Physostigmine); 60-26-4 (hexamethonium); 7440-39-3 (Barium); 7440-61-1 (Uranium) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005010 TIMechanism of rhythmic contractions induced by uranyl ion in the ileal longitudinal muscle of guinea-pig. ABThe uranyl ion (UO2(2+)) produces rhythmic contractions of the longitudinal muscle of the ileum, similar to those induced by repetitive transmural stimulation. Hexamethonium inhibited the action of UO2(2+), indicating a preganglionic site of action of UO2(2+) and interneurons possibly being involved in the ACh-releasing effect of UO2(2+). In addition, the action of UO2(2+) was enhanced by physostigmine but antagonized by atropine, ATP, adrenaline and morphine suggesting multiple sites of action of UO2(2+). The effects of Ba2+ were studied simultaneously in order to compare them with those of UO2(2+). Atropine and hexamethonium had no effect on the rhythmic contractions with Ba2+ but physostigmine enhanced contractions induced by low concentration of Ba2+ indicating that Ba2+ induces contractions mainly by acting on the smooth muscle and releases ACh from the nerve to a lesser extent. AUFu WM; Lin-Shiau SY EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 17 1985, 113(2) p199-204 MJIleum; Muscle Contraction; Uranium MNAcetylcholine /SE; Barium /PD; Guinea Pigs; Hexamethonium Compounds /PD; Physostigmine /PD MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); 58-82-2 (Bradykinin); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005012 TIEffects of converting enzyme inhibitors: ramipril and enalapril on peptide action and sympathetic neurotransmission in the isolated heart. ABThe role of converting enzyme (CE) in heart function was studied by assessing the inhibition of CE activity in rat heart tissue and in isolated perfused hearts from rat, guinea-pig and rabbit (Langendorff technique). Angiotensin I (ANG I) added to the perfusate reduced coronary flow (FLO) in all species, increased force of contraction (CON) in rats, decreased CON in guinea-pigs and had no effect on CON in rabbits. In contrast, bradykinin (BK) increased FLO in all species, decreased CON in rats, increased CON in guinea-pigs and had no effect on CON in rabbits. The CE inhibitors ramipril (HOE498) 1 mg/kg and enalapril (MK421) 30 mg/kg given orally 1 h prior to killing of the animals inhibited the ANG I effects and potentiated the BK effects but had no effects on the action of ANG II. The same doses of the two CE inhibitors produced up to 24 h inhibition of CE activity measured biochemically in the heart after single oral doses. Electrical sympathetic stimulation of the cardiac nerves (SNS) in isolated rabbit heart resulted in an increase of HR and CON and in an initial decrease and subsequent increase of FLO. The effects of SNS on HR and FLO were significantly reduced following HOE498 (1 mg/kg) pretreatment. The results suggest that local CE is involved in the regulation of peptide effects in the heart, including the ANG II-mediated facilitation of neurotransmission. AUXiang JZ; Linz W; Becker H; Ganten D; Lang RE; Scholkens B ; Unger T EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 17 1985, 113(2) p215-23 MJEnalapril; Heart; Kininase II; Neural Transmission; Sympathetic Nervous System MNAngiotensins /PD; Bradykinin /PD; Coronary Circulation /DE; Guinea Pigs; Heart Rate /DE; Heart /IR; Myocardial Contraction /DE; Rabbits; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 50-55-5 (Reserpine); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 7439-93-2 (Lithium) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005013 TISerotonin depletion induced by reserpine is attenuated by prophylactic administration of lithium. ABProphylactic administration of lithium significantly attenuated the serotonin depleting effects of reserpine. In rat brain, lithium did not change the capacity of the storage protein, serotonin binding protein to bind the amine either in vivo or in vitro nor did it change its sensitivity to reserpine. However, the chronic administration of lithium significantly decreased reserpine levels in plasma and brain tissue of treated rats compared with rats which were treated only with reserpine. It is concluded that the antagonism between reserpine and lithium does not involve the serotonin binding protein but may be due to the lithium-induced reduction of reserpine levels. AUReches A; Liu KP; Karpiak SE; Fahn S; Cooper TB; Suckow R; Jackson V; Tamir H EM8601 ID37575 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 17 1985, 113(2) p225-31 MJBrain Chemistry; Lithium; Reserpine /PD; Serotonin /ME MNCarrier Proteins /ME; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Reserpine /ME; Serotonin /AN; Tritium /DU MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 3354-67-4 (amidephrine); 71145-03-4 (Bay K 8644); 7361-61-7 (Xylazine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005015 TIFurther examination of the inhibitory actions of alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonists in rat vas deferens. ABThe inhibitory actions of alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonists were examined in the isolated bisected vas deferens of the rat. The calcium entry facilitator Bay K 8644 markedly potentiated the isometric contraction to a single stimulus pulse in epididymal portions of rat vas deferens: subsequent amidephrine produced an inhibition which was antagonised by the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin, but not by the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine. The alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonists amidephrine and cirazoline failed to inhibit the transmitter overflow to trains of pulses at a frequency of 2 Hz in epididymal portions, but also failed to abolish the nifedipine-resistant adrenergic contraction to trains of pulses at 2 Hz in epididymal portions. It is concluded that alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonists have inhibitory effects which may be by action at presynaptic alpha 1-adrenoceptors. AUWarnock P; Hyland L; Docherty JR EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 17 1985, 113(2) p239-45 MJAdrenergic Alpha Receptor Agonists; Muscle Contraction MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Ethanolamines /PD; Nifedipine /AA /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Vas Deferens /DE; Xylazine /PD MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN13523-86-9 (Pindolol); 34273-04-6 (Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride); 76875-01-9 (3-iodopindolol); 83498-72-0 (iodocyanopindolol) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005016 TI(-)-[125I]pindolol binding to the human platelet beta-adrenoceptor: characterisation and agonist interactions. ABThe binding of (-)-[125I]pindolol ((-)-[125I]PIN) to human platelet membranes has been examined and identifies a relatively low density of beta-adrenoceptor binding sites in this tissue. The relative order of potency of the catecholamines in displacement experiments, isoprenaline greater than adrenaline greater than noradrenaline and curve-fitting analysis of the competition binding isotherms using subtype selective beta-adrenergic antagonists, suggests the presence of an homogeneous population of beta 2-adrenoceptors. The effects of guanine nucleotides and mono- and divalent cations on the isoprenaline displacement of (-)-[125I]PIN binding to human platelet and rat lung membrane beta-adrenoceptors was compared in parallel experiments. In the presence of Mg2+ the agonist showed relatively lower overall affinity for the platelet receptor with a steep displacement curve, Hill slope approaching unity. Under these circumstances Gpp(NH)p characteristically produced a shift to the right and a steepening of the agonist displacement curve in rat lung but had no effect in platelet membranes. NaCl caused a parallel shift to the right of the curves in both systems in the presence or absence of Gpp(NH)p. The significance of these results in relationship to the efficiency of coupling of the human platelet beta-adrenoceptor to adenylate cyclase is discussed. AUCook N; Nahorski SR; Barnett DB EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 17 1985, 113(2) p247-54 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Agonists; Blood Platelets; Pindolol; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta MNBinding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate /PD; Iodine Radioisotopes /DU; Pindolol /ME; Sodium Chloride /PD MTHuman; In Vitro RN17692-51-2 (Methergoline); 19216-56-9 (Prazosin); 4205-90-7 (Clonidine); 439-14-5 (Diazepam); 487-79-6 (Kainic Acid); 52-86-8 (Haloperidol); 525-66-6 (Propranolol) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005018 TIAlpha 2-adrenoceptors modulate kainic acid-induced limbic seizures. ABWe have tested several compounds interfering with the brain monoamine (noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin) and acetylcholine systems for their effects on limbic seizures produced by systemically (s.c.) injected kainic acid as well as on neurochemical changes in amygdala/pyriform cortex resulting from the kainic acid treatment. The characteristic neurochemical changes induced by s.c. kainic acid were a decrease in noradrenaline and an increase in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the acute (3 h after kainic acid injection) suggesting strongly increased neurotransmitter turnover in noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons. This was followed by a reduction of glutamic acid decarboxylase and choline acetyltransferase activities during the chronic phase (3 days) of the kainic acid action, indicating destruction of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons. The compounds tested in this model of limbic epilepsy included 1-propranolol, prazosin, clonidine, yohimbine, metergoline, atropine and haloperidol. Among these compounds the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist clonidine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited a powerful protective action on kainic acid-induced limbic seizures as well as on the neurochemical changes in the amygdala and pyriform cortex. In addition, the adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin (alpha 1) and propranolol (beta) as well as the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol had significant but less potent - protective actions upon kainic acid-induced seizures and subsequent neurochemical changes. On the other hand, yohimbine (alpha 2-antagonist) and metergoline (serotonin-antagonist) potentiated the limbic seizure syndrome and no effect was found with atropine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBaran H; Sperk G; Hortnagl H ; Sapetschnig G; Hornykiewicz O EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 17 1985, 113(2) p263-9 MJKainic Acid; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha; Seizures MNBrain Chemistry /DE; Clonidine /PD; Diazepam /PD; Haloperidol /PD; Methergoline /PD; Prazosin /PD; Propranolol /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Seizures /PC MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN146-48-5 (Yohimbine); 24526-64-5 (Nomifensine); 50-55-5 (Reserpine); 58-00-4 (Apomorphine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005019 TIPsychopharmacological effects of nomifensine enantiomers. ABThe effects of enantiomers of nomifensine were compared in five psychopharmacological tests in which (+/-)-nomifensine is active. In mice, (+)-nomifensine increased motor activity at 16 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg reduced the hypothermia and ptosis induced by reserpine and antagonized the hypothermia induced by 16 mg/kg of apomorphine. (+)-Nomifensine 4 mg/kg potentiated yohimbine toxicity. (-)-Nomifensine 4,8, or 16 mg/kg was inactive in all these tests. In rats, (+)-nomifensine 8 mg/kg induced stereotyped movements whereas (-)-nomifensine 64 mg/kg did not produce stereotypies. AUPoncelet M; Chermat R; Simon P EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 17 1985, 113(2) p271-4 MJNomifensine MNApomorphine /PD; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Motor Activity /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Reserpine /PD; Stereoisomers; Stereotyped Behavior /DE; Yohimbine /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN107-35-7 (Taurine); 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005020 TIAcute effects of taurine and a taurine antagonist on ethanol-induced central nervous system depression. ABSprague-Dawley rats received taurine intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) 30 min prior to ethanol (4 g/kg, i.p.). The duration of ethanol-induced sleep time was increased with taurine at doses of 7.5, 14.0 and 25.0 mumol/kg. In another experiment, TAG (a taurine antagonist, i.c.v.) was given 5 min prior to taurine (i.c.v.) and ethanol was administered 30 min later. TAG antagonized the effect of taurine to enhance ethanol-induced sleep time. These results suggest an interaction between taurine and the depressant effect of ethanol in the brain. AUMattucci-Schiavone L; Ferko AP EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 17 1985, 113(2) p275-8 MJAlcohol, Ethyl; Brain; Sleep; Taurine /PD MNRats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Taurine /AI MTAnimal; Male RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 13655-52-2 (Alprenolol); 19216-56-9 (Prazosin); 60106-89-0 (Dihydroalprenolol) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005021 TIThe importance of timing for the action of alpha 1- or beta-agonists: possible relationship with the density of [3H]prazosin and [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding sites. ABExploratory behaviour was measured in the open-field at 8.00 h and 20.00 h with naive rats and rats treated with an alpha 1-agonist (phenylephrine, 25 micrograms i.c.v.) or beta-agonists (salbutamol, 2.5 mg/kg; clenbuterol 0.05 mg/kg i.p.). The spontaneous activity was similar at both times, yet the response to a alpha 1-as well as to beta-stimulation was significantly enhanced at 20.00 h. The density of cortical [3H]prazosin and [3H]dihydroalprenolol ([3H]DHA) binding sites at 20.00 h was enhanced by 19% and 28% respectively, in comparison with the density measured at 8.00 h. AUMogilnicka E; Wedzony K; Klimek V; Nowak G EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 17 1985, 113(2) p279-82 MJAdrenergic Alpha Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic Beta Receptor Agonists; Alprenolol; Dihydroalprenolol; Exploratory Behavior; Prazosin MNBinding Sites; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors; Tritium /DU MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male RN28289-54-5 (N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine); 298-83-9 (Nitroblue Tetrazolium) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005022 TIOxidation by rat brain of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) coupled to tetrazolium nitro blue. ABThe present study shows that the dehydrogenation of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can be coupled to tetrazolium nitro blue (TNB), a substance used as electron acceptor in many dehydrogenase reactions. The MPTP-TNB reductase system has an apparent Km value and inhibitor sensitivity similar to those of monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B. MPTP oxidation in the brain may very well be mediated by MAO-B. AUYoudim MB EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 17 1985, 113(2) p283-6 MJBrain; Nitroblue Tetrazolium; Pyridines; Tetrazolium Salts MNKinetics; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors /PD; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 53-86-1 (Indomethacin); 58-82-2 (Bradykinin) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005023 TIRole of prostaglandins and the areas postrema in the central pressor action of bradykinin. ABVertebral and carotid artery infusions of bradykinin increased blood pressure and heart rate in anaesthetised greyhounds. Indomethacin pretreatment abolished the pressor response to vertebral infusion and reduced that to carotid infusion. Areas postrema ablation abolished the pressor response to bradykinin with both routes of administration. The tachycardia responses to cranial artery infusions and the entire cardiovascular response to intravenous infusion were unaffected by either treatment. It is concluded that intact areas postrema and normal prostaglandin synthesis are essential for the full expression of the central pressor action of bradykinin. AUWilkinson DL; Scroop GC EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 17 1985, 113(2) p287-90 MJBlood Pressure; Bradykinin; Brain; Cerebral Ventricles; Prostaglandins MNAngiotensin II /PD; Dogs; Heart Rate /DE; Indomethacin /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 51-79-6 (Urethane); 88507-24-8 (substance K) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005024 TIComparison of the effects of substance P and substance K on blood pressure, salivation and urinary bladder motility in urethane-anaesthetized rats. ABThe effects of substance P and substance K on blood pressure, salivation and urinary bladder motility were investigated in urethane-anaesthetized rats. On intravenous administration, both peptides produced dose-related reductions in blood pressure, substance P being 25-30 times more potent than substance K. Substance P induced a dose-dependent increase of salivation, while substance K was half as active and induced only 40% of the maximum effect of substance P. The two tachykinins induced contractions of the urinary bladder, substance K being about twice as effective as substance P. Substance K was more effective than substance P in activating micturition. These findings provide further evidence that multiple receptor types are involved in mediating the effects of tachykinins in peripheral organs. AUMaggi CA; Giuliani S; Santicioli P; Regoli D; Meli A EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 17 1985, 113(2) p291-4 MJBladder; Blood Pressure; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Salivation; Substance P MNAnesthesia; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Muscle Contraction /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Urethane /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN361-37-5 (Methysergide); 50-21-5 (lactic acid); 60634-51-7 (LY 53857); 74050-98-9 (ketanserin) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005025 TIThe effects of ketanserin, methysergide and LY 53857 on sympathetic nerve activity. ABPreganglionic sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure, heart rate and femoral arterial conductance were recorded in anaesthetised, paralysed cats. Three 5-HT2 antagonists, ketanserin, methysergide and LY 53857, were infused separately over 1 h periods. Ketanserin caused a fall in, methysergide a rise followed by a fall and LY 53857 only a rise in preganglionic sympathetic nerve activity. The sympathoexcitation caused by both LY 53857 and methysergide was not associated with any changes in blood pressure and heart rate. The sympathoinhibition caused by ketanserin and methysergide was accompanied by a fall in blood pressure and heart rate. Both ketanserin and LY 53857 caused increases in femoral arterial conductance, while methysergide caused a transient decrease. These differences are explained on the basis that ketanserin possesses alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist and methysergide 5-HT receptor agonist properties. It is suggested that 5-HT2 sympathoinhibitory receptors are involved in central cardiovascular control. AURamage AG EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p295-303 MJErgolines; Methysergide; Piperidines; Serotonin Antagonists; Sympathetic Nervous System MNAnesthesia; Blood Pressure /DE; Cats; Heart Rate /DE; Hemodynamics /DE; Lactates /PD; Receptors, Serotonin /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN15078-28-1 (Nitroprusside); 21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 41598-07-6 (prostaglandin D2); 52-53-9 (Verapamil); 551-11-1 (prostaglandin F2); 86-54-4 (Hydralazine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005026 TICardiovascular responses to an isosterically modified prostaglandin analog in the anesthetized dog. ABThe cardiovascular responses to intravenous administration of an isosterically modified prostaglandin (PG) analog, (+)-4-(3-[3-[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-ethyl]-4-oxo-thiazolidinyl]-propyl) benzoic acid, were determined in open-chest, anesthetized dogs. These responses were compared to responses with the naturally occurring prostaglandings, PGD2 and PGI2, and vasodilators, hydralazine, sodium nitroprusside, nifedipine and verapamil. Following administration of 5, 20 and 100 micrograms/kg PG analog, total peripheral resistance was significantly decreased from 74 +/- 2 to 59 +/- 6, 37 +/- 5 and 24 +/- 1 mmHg/l per min, respectively. Cardiac output was increased by the highest dose of PG analog; however, heart rate, left ventricular contractility and left ventricular end diastolic pressure were not changed. This profile of cardiac and vascular responses was similar to responses with PGI2 and hydralazine suggesting that PG analog is a potent arterial vasodilator with no direct effect on cardiac function. AUSiegl PK; Wenger HC EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p305-11 MJHemodynamics; Prostaglandins, Synthetic MNAnesthesia; Dogs; Hydralazine /PD; Nifedipine /PD; Nitroprusside /PD; Prostaglandins D /PD; Prostaglandins F /PD; Prostaglandins X /PD; Stereoisomers; Vasodilation /DE; Verapamil /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male RN1199-18-4 (6-hydroxydopamine); 31363-74-3 (5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine); 50-47-5 (Desipramine); 50-49-7 (Imipramine); 50-67-9 (Serotonin) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005027 TIInvolvement of amygdaloid catecholaminergic mechanism in suppressive effects of desipramine and imipramine on duration of immobility in rats forced to swim. ABThe suppressive effect of systemic injection of desipramine and imipramine on the duration of immobility in rats forced to swim was inhibited by 6-hydroxydopamine given into the medial amygdaloid nucleus as a pretreatment. Pretreatment with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine given into the medial amygdaloid nucleus had no effect on the immobility-reducing effect of tricyclic antidepressants. The concentrations of catecholamines and serotonin in 6-hydroxydopamine- and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine-pretreated rats, respectively, were significantly lower than those in the saline-injected rats. These results suggest that the suppressive effect of systemic injection of desipramine and imipramine on the duration of the immobility of rats forced to swim was mediated by the catecholaminergic but not the serotonergic mechanisms in the medial amygdaloid nucleus. AUAraki H; Kawashima K; Uchiyama Y; Aihara H EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p313-8 MJAmygdaloid Body; Catecholamines; Desipramine; Imipramine; Motor Activity MN5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine /PD; Biogenic Amines /ME; Brain Chemistry /DE; Hydroxydopamines /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serotonin /PH; Swimming MTAnimal; Male RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 404-86-4 (Capsaicin); 54-11-5 (Nicotine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005028 TIPossible involvement of substance P immunoreactive nerves in the mediation of nicotine-induced contractile responses in isolated guinea pig bronchus. ABNicotine-induced contraction of the isolated guinea pig bronchial preparation was abolished by capsaicin and a substance P (SP) antagonist [( D-Arg1,D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]SP). Nicotine increased the release of immunoreactive SP from the preparations. The nicotine-evoked release of immunoreactive SP from the bronchial preparation was reduced by hexamethonium but not by tetrodotoxin. The results indicate that the responses to nicotine of the guinea pig bronchial preparation were mediated through the release of SP-like material(s), and that the nicotine-induced response may be produced through a process independent of the sodium action potential. In conclusion, the most likely site of action of nicotine in the isolated guinea pig bronchial preparation is the nicotinic receptor of SP immunoreactive nerves. AUKizawa Y; Takayanagi I EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p319-23 MJMuscle, Smooth; Neurons; Nicotine; Substance P MNBronchi /DE; Capsaicin /PD; Guinea Pigs; Muscle Contraction /DE MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN15574-96-6 (Pizotyline); 3397-23-7 (Ornipressin); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 74050-98-9 (ketanserin) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005029 TIMechanisms involved in the vasodilator action of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the dog femoral arterial circulation in vivo. ABThe possibility that the vasodilator effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in vivo involves a presynaptic inhibitory effect on sympathetic nerve activity was investigated in the femoral arterial circulation of pentobarbitone-anaesthetized dogs. The vasodilator effect of intraarterial (i.a.) 5-HT was abolished following ganglion blockade with mecamylamine, and remained inhibited after restoration of femoral vascular tone with i.a. ornipressin. These procedures had no effect on the vasodilator response to i.a. acetylcholine. The vasoconstrictor response to i.a. noradrenaline was not inhibited by mecamylamine. These findings suggest that a presynaptic inhibition of sympathetic neurotransmission is responsible for 5-HT-induced vasodilatation in vivo. Pizotifen (0.1-0.4 mg/kg i.v.) inhibited the 5-HT dilator response, but the doses required were too high to be commensurate with an action at 'D' type 5-HT receptors. Ketanserin (0.1-0.4 mg/kg i.v.) specifically inhibited the dilator response to 5-HT; higher doses (1-4 mg/kg i.v.) also inhibited noradrenaline-induced vasoconstriction. Ketanserin, at all doses used, reduced systemic blood pressure and femoral vascular resistance. The effects of the lower doses of ketanserin (0.1-0.4 mg/kg) cannot be due to peripheral alpha-adrenoceptor antagonism; blockade of the dilator effect of 5-HT may simply be due to inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity by ketanserin itself. AUPhillips CA; Mylecharane EJ; Shaw J EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p325-34 MJFemoral Artery; Serotonin; Vasodilator Agents MNBlood Pressure /DE; Carbon Dioxide /ME; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hindlimb /BS; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /DE; Ornipressin /PD; Piperidines /PD; Pizotyline /PD; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Sympathetic Nervous System /PH MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 306-08-1 (Homovanillic Acid); 50-55-5 (Reserpine); 52-86-8 (Haloperidol); 534-82-7 (Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol); 6912-86-3 (Tryptophan) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005031 TIRepetitive measurement of monoamine metabolite levels in cerebrospinal fluid of conscious rats: effects of reserpine and haloperidol. ABA simple high performance liquid chromatographic method with electrochemical detection is described for the simultaneous determination of unconjugated 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA), the principal central nervous system (CNS) metabolites of noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine (DA), respectively, in small samples of cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained repeatedly from freely moving rats. Amounts of 30-50 microliter of CSF could be collected repeatedly every 30-60 min allowing monitoring of monoamine metabolite concentration levels in CSF under physiological conditions. None of the metabolites showed any clear diurnal variation. A single injection of reserpine caused a prominent elevation in the concentrations of MHPG, 5-HIAA and HVA in CSF. However, after a rapid increase, the concentration of MHPG was decreased by 85% from the control values. Haloperidol caused a 3-fold increase in the concentration of HVA, indicating increased DA turnover in the CNS. The method enables the reliable quantitative determination of three major monoamine metabolites in small samples of CSF from freely moving rats and appears to be a useful tool in the evaluation of the validity of the clinically used research methods of monitoring drug-induced alterations in CNS monoaminergic activity by metabolite measurements in CSF. AUScheinin H; Scheinin M EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p345-51 MJBiogenic Amines; Haloperidol; Reserpine MNChromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrochemistry; Homovanillic Acid /CF; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid /CF; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol /CF; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tryptophan /CF MTAnimal; Male RN465-65-6 (Naloxone); 57-27-2 (Morphine); 60617-12-1 (beta-endorphin); 77-10-1 (Phencyclidine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005032 TIBehavioral effects of morphine and phencyclidine in rats: the influence of repeated testing before and after single treatment. ABMorphine-induced antinociception was determined in rats by using the hot plate procedure (56 degrees C). Two responses of the animals were analysed, i.e. the lick and the jump response. Repeated pre-exposure to the hot plate procedure shortly before morphine treatment augmented the efficacy of morphine to induce antinociception as measured by the lick response but markedly decreased the efficacy of this drug to lengthen the latency of the jump response in the same rat. The ED50 for intraperitoneally injected morphine increased from 1.7 (0.7-3.9) to 9.8 (6.5-14.7) mg/kg when rats were pre-exposed to the hot plate procedure and the latency of the jump response was measured. The slope of the dose-response curve was steeper after pre-exposure. Intraperitoneal or intravenous treatment with morphine markedly increased the latency of the jump response up to 3-4 h after injection, but only when rats were exposed twice or more to the hot plate procedure in the first hour(s) after injection. The effect of morphine was even present 24 h after injection. The maintenance of the morphine-induced effect is likely to have depended on opioids, since the effect disappeared after naloxone treatment. Phencyclidine induced a dose-related increase in locomotor activity (ED50: 0.97 (0.85-1.10) mg/kg) and in circling behavior (ED50: 1.02 (0.85-1.17) mg/kg) when the rats were tested 15 min after a subcutaneous injection. The effect of phencyclidine lasted longer when the rats were tested repeatedly after drug treatment, than when the rats were tested only once. This phenomenon was due to a decrease with time of the effects measured in the placebo-treated control rats repeatedly exposed to test procedure. The results demonstrate that repeated exposure to tests of behavior before and after treatment with psychoactive drugs markedly influences the behavioral action of these drugs. This has consequences for the determination of the efficacy and the time course of action of these drugs, especially when animals are exposed repeatedly to the test procedure in the absence or presence of the drug. AUVan Ree JM; Leys A EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p353-62 MJMorphine; Motor Activity; Phencyclidine; Stereotyped Behavior MNEndorphins /PD; Naloxone /PD; Nociceptors /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 51481-61-9 (Cimetidine); 58-61-7 (Adenosine); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 91-84-9 (Pyrilamine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005033 TIThe spinal cord contains multiple factors causing plasma protein extravasation in the skin. ABNervous tissue was analyzed for possible mediators of neurogenic inflammation. Acid extracts of spinal cord or spinal roots contained activity causing plasma protein extravasation when injected into the rat abdominal skin. The activity was more than 1000-fold higher than could be attributed to the content of substance P (SP). It was not depleted from spinal cord after destruction of afferent C fibers by capsaicin and was resistant to proteolytic enzymes. The activity was clearly separated from SP or neurokinins by HPLC or gel filtration and was due to compounds of high polarity and low molecular weight. Further HPLC separated at least 6 peaks, two of which were found to contain adenosine and AMP, respectively, as active substances. The activity of these compounds and of the peaks was reduced by antihistaminics. A further compound identified was 5-HT. Thus, while several active non-peptidergic compounds were found, no clear evidence for a new mediator of neurogenic inflammation was obtained. AUGamse R; Saria A EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p363-71 MJBlood Proteins; Skin /ME; Spinal Cord MNAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /PD; Adenosine /PD; Cattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cimetidine /PD; Pyrilamine /PD; Skin /BS; Substance P /PD; Tissue Extracts /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium); EC 3.6.1.- (3-O-methylfluorescein phosphatase); 0 (3-O-methylfluorescein phosphate); 630-60-4 (Ouabain); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005034 TIK+-dependent 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphatase activity in crude homogenate of rodent heart ventricle: effect of K+ depletion and changes in thyroid status. ABThe total Na+-K+-ATPase activity in rodent heart ventricle was quantified by determination of K+-dependent, ouabain suppressible 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphatase activity. A K+-dependent phosphatase activity of 0.80 mumol/min per g wet wt was obtained from crude homogenate of heart ventricle from 4-week-old guinea pigs. The anticipated association between K+-dependent phosphatase activity and Na+-K+-activated ATP hydrolysis could be clearly demonstrated in the crude homogenate. Based upon a molecular activity of 550/min the corresponding cardiac glycoside receptor concentration in the crude homogenate was 1450 pmol/g wet wt. In crude homogenate of heart ventricle from 3-month-old rats the K+-dependent phosphatase activity was 1.16 mumol/min per g wet wt. Following 4 weeks of K+ depletion of the rats, a decrease of 13% in total K+ content of the heart ventricle was seen. This was associated with a 14% decrease in K+-dependent phosphatase activity. The induction of hypo- and hyperthyroidism for 3 weeks in rats was followed by a decrease of 27% and an increase of 13% in K+-dependent phosphatase activity, respectively. AUNorgaard A; Kjeldsen K; Hansen O EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p373-82 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium; Fluoresceins; Myocardium; Potassium; Thyroid Gland MNBrain /EN; Guinea Pigs; Kidney /EN; Kinetics; Ouabain /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN60-10-6 (Dithizone); 64-77-7 (Tolbutamide) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005036 TIEffects of tolbutamide on blood flow in islets and exocrine tissue of the rat pancreas. ABThe influence of tolbutamide (20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg i.v.) on blood flow to the entire pancreatic gland and to its endocrine tissue was studied in anaesthetized rats. Non-radioactive microspheres 8.8 micron diameter were used for determination of local blood flow rates. The islet tissue was subsequently stained intravitally with dithizone. The organ was subdivided into small samples, frozen and thawed then scanned in the microscope for spheres in endocrine and exocrine tissue, respectively. Tolbutamide only insignificantly affected total organ blood flow (0.53 ml X min-1 X g-1, controls; 0.61 ml X min-1 X g-1 lower dose; 0.39 ml X min-1 X g-1 higher dose) but significantly increased the percent islet perfusion (3.0% controls; 6.6% lower dose; 10.5% higher dose of tolbutamide). The results favour the view that these vascular effects might facilitate insulin release into the systemic circulation. AUVetterlein F; Senske D; Bornkessel C; Schmidt G EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p395-8 MJIslands of Langerhans; Pancreas; Tolbutamide MNBlood Glucose /ME; Blood Pressure /DE; Diet; Dithizone /PD; Microspheres; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Regional Blood Flow /DE MTAnimal; Male RNEC 3.4.21.1 (Chymotrypsin); EC 3.6.1. (Pyrophosphatases); 56-12-2 (GABA); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58-55-9 (Theophylline); 58-61-7 (Adenosine); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 61-19-8 (Adenosine Monophosphate); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 961-45-5 (8-phenyltheophylline) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005037 TIFurther evidence for involvement of adenosine-5'-triphosphate in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic relaxation of the isolated rat duodenum. ABThe nature of the inhbitory non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) neurotransmitter responsible for neurogenic relaxation of rat duodenum was studied with in vitro techniques. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)(1 mM), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 1 mM), dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP, 0.1 mM) and field stimulation (60 V, 2 ms, 0.1 Hz) produced transient relaxation followed by rebound contraction. In contrast vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (0.3 microM) and noradrenaline (1 microM) induced relaxation which set in more slowly and lasted longer. Tetrodotoxin (0.85 microM) abolished field stimulation-induced relaxation but not ATP-, VIP- or noradrenaline-induced relaxation. Nucleotide pyrophosphatase (0.25 U/ml), but not the proteolytic enzyme alpha-chymotrypsin (2 U/ml), selectively antagonized NANC relaxation. The rank order of potency of various adenine derivatives for inducing relaxation was adenosine-5'-triphosphate greater than adenosine-5'-diphosphate much greater than adenosine greater than adenosine-5'-monophosphate. ATP-induced relaxation was selectively antagonized by the putative P2 purinoceptor antagonist reactive blue 2, but unaffected by the selective P1 purinoceptor antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline. The duration of ATP- as well as beta-gamma-methylene adenosine-5'-triphosphate (a stable analogue of ATP)-induced relaxation was similar and was unaffected by indomethacin 10 microM (which abolished the rebound contraction). In those preparations whose contractile tone was increased by using a high-K+ medium the ability of ATP to elicit relaxation was markedly reduced, while GABA- and DMPP-induced relaxation was abolished. On the other hand, ATP-, GABA- and DMPP-induced relaxation of the tonic component of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(0.1 mM)-induced contraction was similar to that observed in control conditions. These findings add further weight to the proposal that endogenous ATP is involved in determining NANC relaxation of rat duodenum. AUManzini S; Maggi CA; Meli A EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p399-408 MJAdenosine Triphosphate; Autonomic Nervous System; Muscle, Smooth MNAdenosine Diphosphate /ME; Adenosine Monophosphate /ME; Adenosine /ME; Chymotrypsin /PD; Duodenum /PH; GABA /PD; Muscle Relaxation /DE; Potassium /ME; Pyrophosphatases /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Theophylline /AA /PD MTAnimal; Male RN4368-28-9 (Tetrodotoxin); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 75-07-0 (Acetaldehyde) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005038 TIDual effects of acetaldehyde on electrical activity in the isolated frog spinal cord. ABAcetaldehyde (1.4 X 10(-7)-1.4 X 10(-5) M) produced a transient depolarization followed by a distinct hyperpolarization of the ventral and dorsal roots as recorded by sucrose-gap in the isolated spinal cord. This effect occurred more frequently at lower concentrations than at higher concentrations of acetaldehyde, and the depolarization increased with doses increasing. The ventral root reflex potentials evoked by the dorsal root stimulation had decreased amplitudes during depolarization and increased during hyperpolarization. In the presence of Mg2+ or tetrodotoxin, acetaldehyde produced only hyperpolarization. Acetaldehyde slightly prolonged glutamate-induced depolarization of both roots. These results suggest that acetaldehyde acts not only on the spinal motoneuron resulting in membrane hyperpolarization but also on the presynaptic sites, which causes postsynaptic membrane depolarization probably through an increased release and decreased uptake or inactivation of the excitatory transmitter. AUTakeda R; Haji A EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p409-16 MJAcetaldehyde; Spinal Cord /PH MNAmino Acids /PD; Magnesium /PD; Membrane Potentials /DE; Motor Neurons /DE; Neural Transmission /DE; Rana Catesbeiana; Reflex /DE; Spinal Cord /DE; Tetrodotoxin /PD MTAnimal; In Vitro RN51-84-3 (Acetylcholine); 58-61-7 (Adenosine); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005039 TIEffects of adenosine on 45Ca uptake and [3H]acetylcholine release in synaptosomal preparation from guinea-pig ileum myenteric plexus. ABThe effects of adenosine on acetylcholine (ACh) release and calcium uptake were examined in a synaptosomal fraction prepared from guinea-pig ileum myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle. A high concentration of potassium (40 mM) and electrical pulses (ES:10Hz) caused a marked increase in the output of [3H]ACh from [3H]choline-preloaded crude synaptosomes. This [3H]ACh output was calcium- and temperature-dependent. Adenosine reduced the high potassium-induced release significantly, and the electrically stimulated release completely. When the preparation was depolarized by high potassium or electrical pulses, the 45Ca uptake by synaptosomes was significantly enhanced. The uptake of 45Ca induced by high potassium was significantly reduced and that induced by electrical stimulation was completely abolished by adenosine. From these results, it may be suggested that adenosine inhibits neurotransmitter release by suppressing the presynaptic influx of calcium ion during depolarization of the cholinergic nerve terminals in guinea-pig ileum. AUShinozuka K; Maeda T; Hayashi E EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p417-24 MJAcetylcholine; Adenosine; Calcium; Myenteric Plexus; Synaptosomes MNCalcium Radioisotopes /DU; Electric Stimulation; Guinea Pigs; Ileum /ME; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Tissue Proteins /ME; Synaptosomes /UL MTAnimal; In Vitro RN13265-10-6 (N-methylscopolamine); 146-48-5 (Yohimbine); 59-98-3 (Tolazoline); 75037-27-3 (somatostatin-28) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005040 TIBlood pressure following microinjection of somatostatin related peptides into the rat nucleus tractus solitarii. ABThe possible role of medullary somatostatin as a neurotransmitter involved in blood pressure regulation was examined. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured in pentobarbital anesthetized rats while pmol quantities of somatostatin-28 (SS28), SS28-(15-28) (somatostatin-14), SS28-(1-12) or SS28-(1-10) were injected into the caudal nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF; 500 nl/10 s) alone was followed by a small (2 mmHg) statistically insignificant decrease in blood pressure. SS28, SS28-(15-28) or SS28-(1-12) induced an immediate and statistically significant decrease in blood pressure as compared to vehicle alone. SS28-(1-10) had no significant effect. SS28 was tested at three doses. The lowest dose of SS28 (2.5 pmol) induced an 8 mmHg drop in blood pressure, the medium dose (25 pmol), an 11 mmHg drop and the highest dose (250 pmol) a 16 mmHg drop. The other peptide fragments were tested only at the higher 250 pmol dose. SS28-(1-12) induced a significantly (P less than 0.01) less drop in blood pressure (10 mmHg) when compared to either SS28 or SS28-(15-28) (18-19 mmHg). The hypotensive and bradycardiac effects of SS28 were prevented by pretreatment with methylscopolamine (5 mg/kg i.p.) 10 min prior to SS28. The cardiovascular effects of intramedullary injected SS28 were also blocked with an ipsilateral NTS injection of yohimbine or tolazoline 10 min prior to SS28.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUKoda LY; Ling N; Benoit R; Madamba SG; Bakhit C EM8601 IDHL 25457; AA6420 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p425-30 MJBlood Pressure; Medulla Oblongata; Somatostatin MNHeart Rate /DE; Microinjections; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Scopolamine Derivatives /PD; Tolazoline /PD; Yohimbine /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58-61-7 (Adenosine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005041 TIProfile of prostaglandins generated in the detrusor muscle of rat urinary bladder: effects of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine. ABThe generation and release of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGD2, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the rat detrusor muscle were studied by means of radioimmunoassays. The effect of ATP (0.1 mmol/1) and adenosine (0.1 mmol/1) on the content and profile of PGs in the incubation medium was investigated. It was found that PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha accounted for more than 80% of the total PG activity. ATP increased the amounts of PGs in the incubation medium (percentage change of the control values, N = 6: PGE2 54.53 +/- 12.69, PGF2 alpha 31.01 +/- 8.82, PGD2 44.52 +/- 12.36, TXB2 17.29 +/- 10.45, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha 36.62 +/- 5.0) but did not change their profile. Adenosine had no effect on either content or profile of the PGs. The results suggest that ATP but ot adenosine may activate PG biosynthesis via P2-purinoceptor-mediated mechanisms. AUKasakov LN; Vlaskovska MV EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p431-6 MJAdenosine Triphosphate; Adenosine; Muscle, Smooth /ME; Prostaglandins MNBladder /ME; Muscle, Smooth /DE; Radioimmunoassay; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (dopamine-D1 receptor); 0 (SK&F 83692); 67287-49-4 (SK&F 38393) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005042 TIAn iodinated ligand identifying the D-1 dopamine receptor. ABIodination (with 125I) of SKF 83692 (2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepin-7-ol) produces a ligand of high specific activity. In the caudate nucleus of rat brain, this ligand binds to a site which discriminates between the active and inactive enantiomers of drugs selective for the D-1 receptor but which does not recognize drugs selective for the D-2 dopamine receptor or a serotonin receptor. Non-specific binding of this ligand is less than 5% of the total binding. AUSidhu A; Kebabian JW EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p437-40 MJBenzazepines; Receptors, Dopamine MNCaudate Nucleus /ME; Iodine Radioisotopes /DU; Ligands; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Stereoisomers MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 39562-70-4 (nitrendipine); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 71145-03-4 (Bay K 8644); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005044 TIThe effect of the calcium channel agonist, Bay K-8644 on human vascular smooth muscle. ABBay K-8644, a calcium channel activator, caused a dose-dependent (ED50 = 12.8 nM) elevation of tone in the human umbilical artery. The response to Bay K-8644 was dependent upon extracellular calcium (Ca2+), competitively antagonized by the channel antagonist, nifedipine, and, in addition, the sensitivity to Bay K-8644 was increased by, but not dependent upon, elevating extracellular potassium. Bay K-8644 competitively displaced, IC50 = 1.8 nM, specific [3H]nitrendipine binding to a microsome fraction derived from the umbilical artery, suggesting that the Ca2+ channel activator and the structurally related dihydropyridine antagonists bind to a single site to affect Ca2+ channel function in human vascular smooth muscle. AUGopalakrishnan V; Park LE; Triggle CR EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p447-51 MJIon Channels; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nifedipine MNCell Membrane /DE; Muscle Contraction /DE; Nifedipine /ME /PD; Potassium /PD; Serotonin /PD; Umbilical Arteries /DE MTHuman; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-45-6 (Histamine); 78542-68-4 (FCE 21292) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005046 TIA stable isosterically modified prostacyclin analogue, FCE-22176, acting as a competitive antagonist to prostacyclin in guinea-pig trachea and atria. AUFassina G; Froldi G; Caparrotta L EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p459-60 MJMuscle, Smooth; Myocardium; Prostaglandins X MNBinding, Competitive /DE; Guinea Pigs; Histamine /PD; Muscle Contraction /DE; Stereoisomers; Trachea /ME MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male RN404-86-4 (Capsaicin) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005047 TICapsaicin pretreatment inhibits the flare component of the cutaneous allergic reaction in man. AULundblad L; Lundberg JM; Anggard A ; Zetterstrom O EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p461-2 MJCapsaicin; Dermatitis, Contact MNAdult; Skin /PA; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN31363-74-3 (5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine); 78950-78-4 (8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005048 TIPresynaptic 5-HT autoreceptors on serotonergic cell bodies and/or dendrites but not terminals are of the 5-HT1A subtype. AUVerge D; Daval G; Patey A; Gozlan H; el Mestikawy S; Hamon M EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p463-4 MJNerve Endings; Receptors, Serotonin MN5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine /PD; Cerebral Cortex /ME; Hippocampus /ME; Injections, Intraventricular; Nerve Degeneration; Raphe Nuclei /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tetrahydronaphthalenes /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (delta receptor); 0 (phencyclidine receptor); 127-35-5 (Phenazocine); 42084-81-1 (1-(1-(2-thienyl); 75240-91-4 (n-N-propyl-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl); 7619-35-4 (SK&F 10047); 77-10-1 (Phencyclidine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005049 TIPhencyclidine and sigma opiate receptors in brain: biochemical and autoradiographical differentiation. AUGundlach AL; Largent BL; Snyder SH EM8601 IDDA-00266; DA-00074; GM-07626 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p465-6 MJBrain; Phencyclidine /PD; Receptors, Endorphin; Synaptic Receptors MNAutoradiography; Membranes /ME; Phenazocine /AA /PD; Phencyclidine /AA; Piperidines /PD MTHuman; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (dopamine-D1 receptor); 87134-87-0 (SCH 23390) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005050 TIBinding of [3H]SCH 23390 to D-1 receptors in the putamen of control and parkinsonian subjects. AURaisman R; Cash R; Ruberg M; Javoy-Agid F; Agid Y EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jul 31 1985, 113(3) p467-8 MJBenzazepines; Parkinson Disease; Putamen; Receptors, Dopamine; Tranquilizing Agents, Major MNAged; Kinetics MTHuman; In Vitro RN51-61-6 (Dopamine); 536-21-0 (norfenefrine); 7568-93-6 (2-Hydroxyphenethylamine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005051 TIEffects of catecholamines, monophenolamines and phenylamines on identifiable giant neurons of an African giant snail (Achatina fulica Ferussac). ABThe effects of catecholamines, monophenolamines and phenylamines on eight identifiable giant neurons of an African giant snail (Achatina fulica Ferussac) were examined to classify these neurons into several categories according to their sensitivities to the various substances. The five neurons, PON (periodically oscillating neuron), TAN (tonically autoactive neuron), 1-VMN (left-visceral multiple spike neuron), d-RPeAN (dorsal-right pedal autoactive neuron) and VIN (visceral intermittent firing neuron), were sensitive to catecholamines. Of these neurons, PON was excited most markedly by dopamine (dopamine-sensitive); TAN, 1-VMN and d-RPeAN were inhibited most markedly by epinine (epinine-sensitive); and VIN was excited equally by the four catecholamines, dopamine, epinine, L-noradrenaline and L-adrenaline (widely sensitive). The three other neurons, FAN (frequently autoactive neuron), d-LPeLN (dorsal-left pedal large neuron) and d-LCDN (dorsal-left cerebral distinct neuron) were sensitive to monophenolamines. DL-Octopamine was the most inhibitory on FAN and d-LCDN, but was the most excitatory on d-LPeLN. DL-Synephrine had the same but somewhat weaker effects on the three neurons as did DL-octopamine. The three phenylamines, L-phenylalanine, beta-phenylethylamine and DL-beta-phenylethanolamine, had no effect on any of the eight neurons examined. AUKu BS; Takeuchi H EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Aug 7 1985, 114(1) p1-8 MJAniline Compounds; Catecholamines; Neurons; Snails MN2-Hydroxyphenethylamine /AA /PD; Dopamine /PD; Membrane Potentials /DE; Structure-Activity Relationship MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN12769-48-1 (Substance P) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005052 TIBoth substance P agonists and antagonists inhibit ion conductance through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on PC12 cells. ABSubstance P stimulates substance P receptors but also inhibits ion conductance through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Substance P analogs, classified as agonists or antagonists based on their actions on smooth muscle, were tested to determine if they also could act at nicotinic receptors on the pheochromocytoma, PC12. All of the analogs tested, [D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9]SP, [D-Arg1, D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]SP, [pGlu5, MePhe8, Sar9]SP-(5-11), and [D-Pro4, D-Trp7,9,10]SP-(4-11), inhibited agonist-induced uptake of 86Rb+ through the nicotinic receptors at concentrations quite similar to those required for action at substance P receptors on smooth muscle. Thus, the chemical modifications in the analogs do not substantially alter their ability to inhibit nicotinic receptors. AUEardley D; McGee R Jr EM8601 IDK04 NS 00567 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Aug 7 1985, 114(1) p101-4 MJIon Channels; Receptors, Nicotinic; Substance P /PH MNCells, Cultured; Receptors, Cholinergic /ME; Substance P /AI MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN485-49-4 (Bicuculline); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 57-27-2 (Morphine); 58822-25-6 (Enkephalin, Leucine); 60617-12-1 (beta-endorphin) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005053 TIMorphine increases the activity of midbrain dopamine neurons in vitro. ABMorphine produced a dose-dependent increase in the activity of dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area recorded from mouse brain slices in vitro. The response was not changed in a low calcium/high magnesium incubation medium, indicating that the observed effects are the result of the direct action of morphine on dopamine neurons. Furthermore, a specific opiate antagonist, naloxone, reversed the excitatory effects of morphine in both brain regions, while naloxone alone had no significant effect on the activity of dopaminergic neurons. Morphine was more potent on ventral tegmental area than substantia nigra dopamine neurons. beta-Endorphin excited ventral tegmental area neurons but not substantia nigra cells, while [Leu5]enkephalin activated cells in both nuclei. These latter responses were blocked by naloxone. These data suggest that midbrain dopamine neurons contain receptors for opiates, and that ventral tegmental area neurons are more sensitive to the action of opiates than substantia nigra neurons. AUTrulson ME; Arasteh K EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Aug 7 1985, 114(1) p105-9 MJDopamine; Mesencephalon; Morphine; Neurons MNBicuculline /PD; Endorphins /PD; Enkephalin, Leucine /PD; Mice; Substantia Nigra /DE MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male RN465-65-6 (Naloxone); 9015-71-8 (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005054 TICRF: an inhibitor of neurogenic plasma extravasation produced by saphenous nerve stimulation. AUKiang JG; Wei ET EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Aug 7 1985, 114(1) p111-2 MJCorticotropin Releasing Hormone; Saphenous Vein; Skin MNElectric Stimulation; Naloxone /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male RN55837-27-9 (piretanide) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005055 TICharacterization of a high affinity piretanide receptor on kidney membranes. ABThe tritiated loop diuretic, piretanide, is a useful ligand for specific diuretic receptors which are present in the plasma membranes of renal medullary cells. Its high specific activity (30 Ci X mmol-1) made it possible to demonstrate the existence of a high affinity receptor (Kd approximately 5 nM) and a binding site with low affinity. High affinity binding is saturable, reversible and displaceable by a number of non-radioactive loop diuretics. Structural analogues, devoid of diuretic activity, do not displace piretanide binding. No specific binding occurs in liver or spleen membranes. AUGiesen-Crouse EM; Welsch C; Imbs JL; Schmidt M; Schwartz J EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Aug 7 1985, 114(1) p23-31 MJDiuretics, Sulfamyl; Kidney; Receptors, Drug; Sulfonamides MNBinding, Competitive; Cell Membrane /ME; Dogs; Kidney Medulla /ME; Kinetics; Liver /ME; Spleen /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male RN1199-18-4 (6-hydroxydopamine); 146-48-5 (Yohimbine); 19216-56-9 (Prazosin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-45-6 (Histamine); 59-96-1 (Phenoxybenzamine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005057 TIAlpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in rat cerebral cortex: relationship between receptor occupancy and response and effects of denervation. ABThe characteristics of catecholamine-mediated breakdown of inositol phospholipids in rat cerebral cortex slices have been examined using a direct assay involving prelabeling with [3H]inositol and examining the production of labelled inositol phosphates in the presence of lithium. Noradrenaline produced a marked stimulation of inositol phosphate accumulation and this response could be potently and competitively antagonised by the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin. The alpha 2-antagonist yohimbine was almost 1000-fold less potent at antagonising noradrenaline inositol phospholipid response. Noradrenaline and adrenaline were full agonists at alpha 1-adrenoceptors but phenylephrine and methoxamine were only partial agonists in their ability to stimulate inositol phospholipid metabolism. There was a significant correlation between the ability of a variety of agonists and antagonists to activate or inhibit [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation and their ability to displace the alpha 1-adrenoceptor selective ligand [3H]prazosin from specific binding sites when assays were performed on rat cerebral cortical slices under identical conditions. The similarity of EC50 values of agonists stimulating inositol phosphate accumulation and their IC50 values in [3H]prazosin binding experiments suggested a close relationship between receptor occupancy and alpha 1-mediated inositol phosphate accumulation. Further experiments were performed to examine this directly by inactivating alpha 1-adrenoceptors with the alkylating antagonist phenoxybenzamine. After washing out unbound antagonist, [3H]prazosin binding was reduced to a very similar proportion to that observed on the maximal noradrenaline-stimulated accumulation of [3H]inositol phosphates in the slices. The EC50 values for noradrenaline-stimulated inositol phosphate accumulation was unaltered and the affinity of [3H]prazosin for the remaining sites was equally unaffected. In rats treated 14 days previously with i.c.v. 6-hydroxydopamine (2 X 250 micrograms) there was a small increase in alpha 1-adrenoceptor binding sites but a parallel shift to the left in the noradrenaline [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation dose-response curve. On the other hand, the partial agonist phenylephrine induced a larger maximal response in denervated animals without a change in the EC50 values. When slices from 6-hydroxydopamine treated animals were preincubated with phenoxybenzamine, the loss in alpha 1-adrenoceptor binding sites was greater than the reduction in the maximal response to noradrenaline. This may indicate the development of a small receptor reserve after denervation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) AUKendall DA; Brown E; Nahorski SR EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Aug 7 1985, 114(1) p41-52 MJCerebral Cortex; Inositol Phosphates; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /PH; Sugar Phosphates MNDenervation; Histamine /PD; Hydrolysis; Hydroxydopamines /PD; Injections, Intraventricular; Kinetics; Norepinephrine /PD; Phenoxybenzamine /PD; Prazosin /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /ME; Yohimbine /PD MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN40786-08-1 (FPL 55712); 9014-72-6 (Polyphloretin Phosphate) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005058 TIContractile responses of the guinea-pig esophageal muscularis mucosae in vitro to arachidonic acid and its metabolites. ABThe responsiveness of the guinea-pig esophageal muscularis mucosae to arachidonic acid (AA) and its cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites was examined in vitro. AA (0.1-30 microM) produced a concentration-dependent contraction of the muscularis mucosae (mean EC50 +/- S.E.M. = 5.1 +/- 1.0 microM). The contractions in response to low concentrations of AA (0.1-3 microM) were prevented by pretreatment of the tissue with indomethacin (1-10 microM), while those in response to high concentrations (10-100 micron) were prevented by BW755C (10-100 microM). The contractile response to AA was antagonized by polyphloretin phosphate (PPP, 1-10 micrograms/ml) and by FPL 55712 (1-10 microM). All cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites of AA tested also produced a sustained contraction of the muscularis mucosae with the following order of sensitivity; leukotriene (LT) D4 greater than LTC4 greater than prostaglandin (PG) E2 greater than PGF2 alpha greater than PGI2 greater than thromboxane B2. The responses to LTC4 and LTD4 were antagonized by FPL 55712 (0.1-1 microM), while those to PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were antagonized by PPP (3-100 micrograms/ml). The present results indicate that exogenously applied AA contracts the isolated muscularis mucosae of the guinea-pig esophagus by an indirect action via its metabolism to both PGs and LTs. The putative PG and LT receptors located in this tissue are probably similar to those in the ileal longitudinal muscle, but differ from those in the airway smooth muscle. AUKamikawa Y; Fujinuma S; Shimo Y EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Aug 7 1985, 114(1) p53-9 MJArachidonic Acids; Muscle, Smooth MNChromones /PD; Esophagus /DE; Guinea Pigs; Muscle Contraction /DE; Polyphloretin Phosphate /PD; Prostaglandins /PD; SRS-A /PD; Thromboxanes /PD MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male RN56767-30-7 (kentsin) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005060 TICentral opioid-like influence of a tetrapeptide from hamster embryo (kentsin) on gastrointestinal motility in dogs. ABThe effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) vs. intravenous (i.v.) administration of kentsin (H-Thr-Pro-Arg-Lys-OH) on gastrointestinal motility were investigated in fasted dogs. Administered i.c.v. at doses of 20 and 100 ng/kg, this peptide inhibited by 51.2 and 76.1% the antral motility index and disrupted the jejunal migrating motor complex for 2 and 4 h respectively. Similar effects were only obtained after a 25 fold higher dose administered i.v. and these effects were abolished after a previous i.c.v. administration of naloxone (50 micrograms/kg) suggesting that they are mediated through opiate receptors. AUBueno L; Fioramonti J; Menezo Y EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Aug 7 1985, 114(1) p67-70 MJGastrointestinal Motility; Oligopeptides /PD MNDogs; Hamsters; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Intraventricular; Oligopeptides /AD MTAnimal RNEC 3.4.21.1 (Chymotrypsin); 50-67-9 (Serotonin) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005062 TIEffect of alpha-chymotrypsin on the nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory system in cat airways. ABElectrical field stimulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine contracted cat trachea and bronchi in the presence of cholinergic and adrenergic blockade caused relaxation by activating intrinsic nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory nerves. Pretreatment of the tissues with the proteolytic enzyme, alpha-chymotrypsin, did not affect NANC inhibitory responses. Relaxations induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were abolished by alpha-chymotrypsin. These results suggest that VIP or related peptides may not act as the NANC inhibitory transmitter in cat airways. However, the possibility remains that peptides not susceptible to degradation by alpha-chymotrypsin may mediate these NANC inhibitory responses. AUAltiere RJ; Diamond L EM8601 IDHL27025 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Aug 7 1985, 114(1) p75-8 MJAutonomic Nervous System; Bronchi /IR; Chymotrypsin; Trachea /IR MNAutonomic Nervous System /PH; Bronchi /DE; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Muscle Relaxation /DE; Serotonin /PD; Trachea /DE MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN1199-18-4 (6-hydroxydopamine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005063 TIDecrease in adrenaline content of various organs of the rat after 6-hydroxydopamine. ABTo examine the location of adrenaline in peripheral organs of mammals, adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured in several organs of rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or vehicle. After the administration of 6-OHDA, there was a marked decrease in the content of both adrenaline and noradrenaline in the heart, spleen, submaxillary gland of the rat. This finding suggests that in rats adrenaline is present in noradrenaline neurons in these organs. AUSudo A EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Aug 7 1985, 114(1) p79-83 MJEpinephrine; Hydroxydopamines MNDepression, Chemical; Norepinephrine /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sympathectomy, Chemical; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Male RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium); 59995-65-2 (pinaverium) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005064 TIAction of pinaverium bromide on calmodulin-regulated functions. ABPinaverium bromide at concentrations below 10(-5) M did not inhibit calmodulin-dependent enzymes such as phosphodiesterase and the Ca transport ATPase of the plasma membrane. At higher concentrations the compound interacted with the stimulation of those enzymes by calmodulin and also inhibited the calmodulin-independent activity. A similar inhibitory action was observed for the NaK ATPase. It is concluded that the inhibitory action of pinaverium bromide on smooth muscle concentration at concentrations below 10(-5) M was due to its interaction with the voltage-dependent Ca channels and not to its interference with the calmodulin-dependent activation of the contractile proteins. AUWuytack F; De Schutter G; Casteels R EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Aug 7 1985, 114(1) p85-8 MJCalmodulin; Morpholines; Parasympatholytics MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /ME; Brain /EN; Cattle; Compound 48-80 /PD; Kidney /EN; Muscle, Smooth /EN MTAnimal; In Vitro RN51-45-6 (Histamine); 91-84-9 (Pyrilamine) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005065 TIHistamine H1-receptors in the guinea-pig urinary bladder. ABHistamine H1-receptors were identified in the guinea-pig urinary bladder. Histamine (10(-8)-10(-3) M) produced a dose-dependent contraction which was not altered by either scopolamine or tetrodotoxin. Specific [3H]mepyramine binding to the urinary bladder was saturable and there was a single population of high affinity binding sites with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 0.77 nM and maximum binding capacity (Bmax) of 68.5 fmol/mg protein. Histamine-induced contraction and [3H]mepyramine binding were inhibited by triploridine, promethazine, d-chlorpheniramine and mepyramine but not by cimetidine. There was a good correlation between mechanical activity and [3H]mepyramine binding as shown by the inhibition affinity constant (Ki) of H1-antagonists. These results provide evidence that the histamine H1-receptor in the guinea-pig urinary bladder is involved in the histamine-induced contraction. AUKondo M; Taniyama K; Tanaka C EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Aug 7 1985, 114(1) p89-92 MJBladder /ME; Receptors, Histamine H1; Receptors, Histamine MNBladder /IR; Guinea Pigs; Histamine H1 Receptor Blockaders /PD; Histamine /ME; Kinetics; Pyrilamine /ME MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7771-44-0 (arachidonic acid) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005066 TIEffects of peptides and non-peptides on isolated arterial smooth muscles: role of endothelium. ABPeptides and non-peptides acting as vasoconstrictors or vasodilators have been tested in dog isolated carotid arteries with and without endothelium and in the presence and absence of a variety of antagonists and inhibitors of endogenous substances. It has been found that substance P and several other tachykinins, bradykinin, neurotensin, bombesin and acetylcholine relax the isolated artery only when the endothelium is present, while VIP, isopropylnoradrenaline, adenosine, histamine, prostaglandins E1 and E2, glucagon and insulin relax and angiotensin, vasopressin, oxytocin, 5-HT and noradrenaline contract the isolated vessel, no matter whether the endothelium is present or not. Peptide and non-peptide antagonists have been used with success to show that vasoconstrictors and vasodilators act on specific receptors, since their effects are reduced in the presence of antagonists, specific for one or another of the various agents. Inhibitors of the arachidonic acid cascade only reduce the effect of acetylcholine, suggesting that at least two different mechanisms are involved in the endothelium-mediated relaxation of arterial smooth muscles to peptide and non-peptide agents. The results summarised in this paper suggest that the site of action of several vasodilators is the endothelium, while other vasodilators and all the vasoconstrictors influence the arterial vessels tone presumably by acting on the smooth muscle cells. AUD'Orleans-Juste P ; Dion S; Mizrahi J; Regoli D EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Aug 7 1985, 114(1) p9-21 MJMuscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nerve Tissue Proteins MNArachidonic Acids /PD; Carotid Arteries /DE; Dogs; Drug Interactions; Endothelium /DE; Vasoconstrictor Agents /PD; Vasodilator Agents /PD MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN15078-28-1 (Nitroprusside); 58-61-7 (Adenosine); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride); 7632-00-0 (Sodium Nitrite); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0014-2999 LAEnglish JCEN6 SBM UI86005067 TIEndothelium removal augments vasodilation by sodium nitroprusside and sodium nitrite. ABSodium nitroprusside (3-100 nM) and sodium nitrite (0.03-1 mM) caused relaxation of the rat aortic ring segments precontracted by norepinephrine. The relaxation was significantly augmented by removal of endothelium, and this augmentation was greater in the aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). The mechanism remains unknown but such augmentation may be clinically favorable to the use of nitrovasodilators. AUShirasaki Y; Su C EM8601 SOEur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Aug 7 1985, 114(1) p93-6 MJFerricyanides; Nitrites; Nitroprusside; Sodium Nitrite; Vasodilation MNAdenosine /PD; Aorta, Thoraci
